baptiz'd by a Laick under this form I Baptize you in the Name of God and of the Holy and true Cross whether the Baptism had been Valid or whether providing the Child had liv'd it must have been Baptiz'd again St. Bernard is of the mind that it had been well Baptiz'd because he cannot think that the difference in words can prejudice the Truth of the Faith and the good Intention of him that Baptiz'd it His reason is because under the word God the Trinity is comprehended and by Adding the Holy and True Cross he had made mention of our Saviour That when one is baptiz'd according to the Custom of the Church in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost and as we may read in the Acts of the Apostles that some were baptiz'd in the Name of Jesus Christ only it cannot be doubted but that those who have been baptiz'd in the Name of the Holy Cross have been sufficiently sanctify'd insomuch that the Confession of the Cross implys the Confession of Jesus Christ Crucify'd Moreover that in respect of him who had baptiz'd his simplicity and good Intention excus'd him but nevertheless that if any should endeavour to Introduce this manner of Baptism they would be Inexcusable This Opinion of St. Bernard disagrees with that of the Divines who maintain that Baptism of this kind is ipso facto Null and Void The Four Hundred and Fourth is Address'd to Albert a Recluse Monk who desir'd of St. Bernard that he might fast after his own fashion and Permit Women to enter into his Cell St. Bernard Answers that he has no power to Command him but that he has several times Advis'd him to Eat at least once a day to receive no visits from Women and to live by hard Labour In the Four Hundred and Fifth he takes Notice to an Abbot that one of his Monks was qualify'd to be Profess'd and therefore he ought not to dispense with him The Four Hundred and Sixth is Address'd to the Abbot of St. Nicholas in the Woods to whom he recommends a certain Monk In the Four Hundred and Seventh he blames Odon Abbot of Beaulieu for not having paid a Legacy to a Poor Man and tells him he had better have Sold a Chalice from the Altar than have suffer'd this Person to want In the Four Hundred and Eighth he recommends to William Abbot of the Regular Canons of St. Martin of Troyes a Clerk who had a mind to retire from the World and who was not able to undergo the way of Living at Clairvaux In the Four Hundred and Ninth Address'd to Rorgon Abbot of Abbeville he makes him a compliment upon his desiring to see him and desires him to bestow a spare piece of Ground belonging to his Abby to the Monks of Alchy In the Four Hundred and Tenth he recommends to Gilduin Abbot of St. Victor of Paris Peter Lombard who was come from Bulloign in France and had been recommended to St. Bernard by the Bishop of Lucca The Four Hundred and Eleventh is written to Thomas Provost of Beverlake in England and contains Exhortations to a Holy Life The Letter following is written upon the same subject to a young Man who had enter'd into a Vow to embrace a Monastick Life In the Four Hundred and Thirteenth he recommends a Probationary Monk to Rainaud Abbot of Foigny Advising him to send him back after he had corrected his Faults In the Letter following he blames a Monk of this Monastery for having Oppos'd the return of this Person By the Four Hundred and Fifteenth he exhorts a Man to perform the Vow he had made to become a Monk of Clairvaux In the Four Hundred and Sixteenth he Answers a certain Person who had complain'd to him that he had had no share of the Alms given by Count Thibaud that he was not concern'd in the Distribution of them The Two following Letters contain nothing remarkable These are all the Letters which are most commonly Ascrib'd to St. Bernard tho' Father Mabillon has Added some others which are doubtful and might very probably have been written by other Persons He also adds some Charters which may reasonably admit of the same doubt all which nevertheless continue the foregoing Numbers The Four Hundred and Nineteenth is An Exhortation to Probationers the which Father Mabillon believes does not belong to St. Bernard by reason that the Stile is more restrain'd and contains Maxims unlike those of St. Bernard such as this That we must Praise God even for our Damnation It likewise appears to me that this Letter differs in stile from those of St. Bernard The Two following Letters are also Unlike the stile of St. Bernard The Four Hundred and Twenty Second is only a short Billet Address'd to King Lewis The Four Hundred and Twenty Third is a draught of a Letter concerning the Croisade which might probably be his as well as the Letter following He therein recommends the Son of Count Thibaud going to the Holy War to Emanuel Commenes Emperour of Constantinople The Four Hundred and Twenty Fifth is a Copy of the Twenty Sixth Letter of St. Bernard The Four Hundred and Twenty Sixth is a Judgment by Arbitration pronounc'd by St. Bernard between Hugh Bishop of Auxerre and William Count of that City The Four Hundred and Twenty Seventh is a Letter from Geofrey Bishop of Chartres to Stephen Bishop of Paris by which he advises him to Refer himself to St. Bernard touching the dispute he had with Stephen de Guarlande The Four Hundred and Twenty Eighth from Bernard Abbot of St. Anastasius to St. Bernard Abbot of Clairvaux concerning a disobedient and haughty Monk The Four Hundred and Twenty Ninth is an Elogium of St. Bernard sent to him by Hugh Metellus a Regular Canon of St. Leon. The Four Hundred and Thirtieth is a Letter from the same written to St. Bernard which contains an Apology for his Monastery The Four Hundred and Thirty First is also from the same written in the Name of Siebaud Abbot of St. Leon to Abbot William to excuse him for having Answer'd the Calumnies of Herbert with too great severity The Two following Letters are written by Haimon Arch-Deacon of Chalons to St. Bernard In the First he acquaints him with his sickness and in the other he sends to him for his Sermons The Four Hundred and Thirty Fourth is a Letter Address'd to St. Bernard to excuse Thierri Bishop of Amiens from his Voyage to the Holy Land The Four Hundred and Thirty Fifth is a Charter by which Sampson Arch-Bishop of Rheims gives to the the Congregation of Clairvaux the Church of Mores which he had Obtain'd from the Monks of St. Denys there to Build a Monastery of his Order By the Four Hundred and Thirty Sixth Henry Bishop of Troyes makes the like Gifts of the Church of Billencourt to the Abby of Clairvaux The Four Hundred and Thirty Seventh is a Letter of Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia to the general Chapter of Cisteaux concerning
separately and is also to be found among the Historians of Hispania Illustrata Printed at Francfurt A. D. 1603. WILLIAM of APULIA wrote in the end of this Century at the request of Pope Urban II. a Poem on the same Subject Printed separately at Paris in 1652. as also in the Collection of the Historians of Normandy by Du Chesne and in that of the Historiographers of Sicily BERTULPHUS or BERNULPHUS a Priest of Constance besides a Continuation Bertulphus Priest of Constance of Hermannus Contractus's Chronicle and an History of his Time from the Year 1053. to the end of the Century compos'd a Treatise to shew that the Company of excommunicated Persons ought to be avoided and some other small Tracts in favour of Pope Gregory VII which were publish'd by Gretzer in his Apology for Cardinal Bellarmin Printed at Ingolstadt A. D. 1612. NALGOD a Monk of Cluny wrote in the end of the Century the Lives of St. Odo Nalgod Monk of Cluny Othlo Monk of St. Boniface Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland and St. Mayol set forth by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon OTHLO a Priest and Monk of the Monastery of St. Boniface in Germany is the Writer of the Life of that Saint sometime Arch-bishop of Mentz which was publish'd by Canisius in the fourth Tome of his Antiquities and by Father Mabillon in the second Tome of the third Benedictin Century INGULPHUS an English Man of the City of London the Son of an Officer belonging to King Edward's Court appli'd himself to Study in his Youth and acquir'd so great Reputation for his Learning that William Duke of Normandy passing into England brought him back with his Retinue and made him his principal Minister He undertook a Journey to the Holy Land A. D. 1064. and returning from thence was admitted into the Monastery of Fontanelle of which he was made Prior soon after in 1076. William I. King of England invited him over into this Kingdom and constituted him Abbot of Croyland from whence he had turn'd out Wulketulus but Ingulphus obtain'd leave to retire from that Abbey the History of which he compos'd from A. C. 664. to 1091. It was publish'd by Sir Henry Savil in 1596. and among the Historians of England Printed at London in 1684. This Author died in 1109. THIERRY a Monk of St. Peter at Ghent and afterwards Abbot of St. Trudo in the Thierry Abbot of St. Trudo Diocess of Liege wrote the Lives of St. Bavo St. Trudo St. Rumold and St. Landrada publish'd by Surius Trithemius says That he was likewise the Author of a Life of St. Benedict and of an Account of the Translation of his Body with certain Letters and some other Works in Prose and Verse He flourish'd A. D. 1050. ALPHANUS a Monk of Mount Cassin afterward Abbot of St. Benedict at Salerno Alphanus Arch bishop of Salerno Amatus a Bishop of Italy and at last Bishop of that City from A. D. 1057. to 1086. is reputed to be the Author of divers Hymns in Honour of the Saints and of some other Poetical Pieces referr'd to by Ughellus in the second Tome of Italia Sacra AMATUS a Monk of Mount Cassin and Bishop in Italy although 't is not known of what Church compos'd four Books in Verse dedicated to Pope Gregory VII on the Actions of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and eight Books of the History of the Normans which as they say are kept in Manuscript in the Library of Mount Cassin He likewise wrote certain Poems in commendation of Gregory VII on the Twelve precious Stones of the Breast-plate of the High Priest and on the Celestial Jerusalem HEPIDANNUS a Monk of St. Gall who flourish'd during a considerable part of Hepidannus Monk of St Gall. this Century is the Author of a Chronicle which begins at the Year 709. and ends in 1044. It is inserted in the Collection of the Historians of Germany set forth by Goldastus and Printed at Francfurt in 1606. He likewise compos'd two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborad dedicated to Ulric Abbot of St. Gall which are referr'd to in the same Place as also by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon They were written A. D. 1072. and this Author might be Dead in 1080. MARIANUS a Scotch-man or Irish-man by Nation related to Venerable Bede if Marianus Scotus we may give Credit to Matthew of Westminster was born A. D. 1028. turn'd Monk in 1052. pass'd over into Germany in 1058. was ten Years a Recluce in the Monastery of Fulda and spent the rest of his Life at Mentz where he died in 1086. He compos'd a Chronicle from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1083. in which he follow'd Cassiodorus It was continu'd to the Year 1200. by Dodechin Abbot of St. Dysibod in the Diocess of Trier and was Printed in several Places more especially among the German Historians LAMBERT of ASCHAFFEMBURG assum'd the Monastick Habit in the Lambert Monk of Hirsfeldt Convent of Hirsfeldt under the Abbot Meginher A. D. 1058. was ordain'd Priest the same Year by Lupold Arch-bishop of Mentz and soon after undertook a Journey to Jerusalem without the Knowledge of his Abbot from whence he return'd the next Year He compos'd an Historical Chronology from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1077. which is only an Epitome of general History to the Year 1050. and a particular History of Germany of a competent largeness from that Year to 1077. This Work is written with a great deal of Accuracy and Elegancy and there are few German Authors who have shew'd so much Politeness in their Writings It was Printed separately at Tubingen in 1533. and also among the Historians of Germany ADAM a Canon of Bremen in the Year 1077. compos'd four Books of the Ecclesiastical History of his Church in which he treats of the original and propagation of the Adam Canon of Bremen Christian Religion in the Diocesses of Bremen and Hamburg from the time of the Emperor Charlemagne to that of Henry IV. He has annex'd at the end a small Treatise of the situation of Denmark and other Northern Kingdoms of the Nature of those Countries and of the Religion and Manners of the Inhabitants The whole Work was publish'd by Lidembrocius and Printed at Hanaw A. D. 1579. at Leyden in 1595. and afterwards at Helmstadt in 1670. Sigebert and Trithemius make mention of a Benedictin Monk of Mets nam'd ALBERT Albert a Benedictin Monk of Mets. Anselm a Benedictin Monk of Rheims Gonthier Monk of S. Amand. who wrote certain Works and among others an History of his Time dedicated to the Bishop of that Diocess They likewise take notice of another Benedictin Monk of the City of Rheims nam'd ANSELM who compos'd an Historical Account of the Voyage of Pope Leo IX to France of the Synods he held there and of other Affairs transacted by him in that Kingdom This Piece was call'd Pope Leo's Itinerary Lastly Sigebert
other Prelates except the Bishop of Winchester were of the same Opinion Thomas would not hearken to that proposal but to be set at Liberty he express'd his desire to speak with two Lords who were with the King when they were come he desir'd that he might be allow'd time till the next day and said that then he would make such an Answer as God should direct him Whereupon the Assembly deputed the Bishops of London and Rochester to deliver that Message to the King but the former said that the Arch-bishop was desirous to have time in order to look over his Papers and to prepare to give an account to his Majesty The King being satisfy'd with that Declaration sent him word by the two Lords with whom he desir'd to speak That he was willing to grant him the time he sued for provided that he kept his word in giving an account of the things that were committed to his Charge Thomas forthwith declar'd that he never made such a promise However he was permitted to depart and that very Night he was seiz'd with a violent fit of the Colick which hindred him from rising the next Morning The King sent two Lords of his Court to enquire whether he were Sick and at the same time to give him a Summons He excus'd himself for the present by reason of his Indisposition of which they were Witnesses and promis'd to appear the next day In the mean while a report was spread abroad that if he went to the Royal Palace he would be Assassinated or arrested the next day several Bishops us'd their utmost endeavours to perswade him to make a resignation of his Arch-bishoprick and of all his Possessions to the King in regard that they were much afraid lest he should lose his Life if he did not submit He did not seem to be at all concern'd at their Remonstrance but forbid all the Bishops to assist at the Proceedings that were to be carried on against him and declar'd that he appeal'd to the Holy See The Bishop of London protested against the Prohibition â—he then made and retir'd with all the Bishops except those of Winchester and Salisbury who continu'd with Thomas Becket However that Prelate after having Celebrated Mass went to the Palace bearing his Crosier Staff himself The King refus'd to admit him into his Presence and retiring into a private Chamber sent for the other Bishops and made great complaints to them against Thomas Becket The Bishops approv'd the King's Resentments avouching that that Arch-bishop was a perjur'd Traytor and that it was requisite to proceed against him as guilty of High Treason However they durst not bring him to a Formal Tryal but only sent him word by Hilary Bishop of Chichester That forasmuch as after having promis'd Obedience to the King and Sworn to observe the Customs of the Kingdom he acted contrary to his Oath they did not take themselves to be any longer obliged to obey him that therefore they put their Persons and Churches under the Popes Protection and cited him to his Tribunal The King likewise sent him word by Robert Earl of Leicester that he expected an account Thomas Becket's Retreat to France of the Things committed to his Charge Thomas protested that he was discharg'd by the King's Son when he was made Arch-bishop of Canterbury Afterwards he refus'd to submit to the Judgment of the King Bishops and other Lords of the Kingdom declar'd that he would acknowledge no other Judge but the Pope and cited the Bishops before him After having made this Declaration he went out of the Palace the Doors of which he open'd with the Keys that were found hanging on the Wall and was accompanied to his House by a crowd of poor People On that very Night he took a resolution to retire and to the end that it might be done more secretly he feign'd an inclination to lie in the Church and made his escape having chang'd his Cloaths and Name but before he embark'd he took some turns about the Coasts of England to avoid being apprehended Then he pass'd over into Flanders arriv'd at Graveline and retir'd from thence to the Abby of St. Berthin where he discover'd himself and sent Deputies to Lewis VII King of France to inform him of his present distress and to entreat his Majesty to permit him to stay in his Kingdom They were prevented by the Deputies of the King of England but the French King did not receive them favourably and declar'd on behalf of Thomas Becket even before the arrival of his Deputies These last were kindly entertain'd and the King promis'd all manner of Protection to the Arch-bishop in his Kingdom and said that in that Point he only follow'd the Custom of the Kings his Predecessors who by a very peculiar Privilege were always in a capacity to afford a Sanctuary in their Dominions to Persecuted Bishops and to defend them against all their Enemies The Deputies of the King of England and those of the Arch-bishop went to the Pope The Pope's Declaration in his Favour who was then at Sens The former brought over some of the Cardinals to their side but the Pope stood for the Arch-bishop nevertheless he gave Audience to the Deputies of the King of England who press'd him to oblige the Arch-bishop to return to England and entreated him to send a Legate a latere to take cognizance of that Affair and to accommodate it or to determine it without Appeal The Pope refus'd to do any thing till the Arch-bishop arriv'd in Person and having declar'd his resolution to the Deputies they departed very much dissatisfy'd A little after Thomas Becket accompanied by the Arch-bishop of Trier and the Abbot of Berthin came to Soissons where King Lâ—wis admitted him into his Presence and re-iterated the promises he had made to his Deputies Afterwards he went to Sens to meet the Pope whom he soon made sensible of the Justice of his Cause by shewing him the Articles that were drawn up at Clarendon which with common consent were found contrary to the Interest and Liberty of the Church The next day he proffer'd to quit his Metropolitical Dignity and entreated his Holiness to nominate another Person to supply his place But the Pope would by no means allow it order'd him to keep his Arch-bishoprick and recommended him to the Abbot of Pontigny into whose Monastery he retir'd The King of England being informed of the Pope's Answer by his Deputies consiscated the wâ—ole Estate and Goods of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury with those of his Relations and Friends banish'd them from his Kingdom and publish'd new Ordinances more prejudicial to the Liberty of the Church than the former Thomas Becket wrote to him as also to some Bishops of England about that Matter but those Remonstrances prov'd ineffectual However he propos'd a Conference in which the Pope was to assist but his Holiness being return'd to Rome the King sent Deputies to him whom he caus'd to pass through
Church or to augment its Grandeur In the Second written to Hugh Prior of the Knights Templars he declares That he does not exhort him to make War with the visible Enemies of the Church but to oppose its invisible Enemies and that he would advise him to subdue Vice rather than to attack the Infidels In the Third he comforts Pope Innocent II. and exhorts him not to be surpriz'd at the Efforts made against him by the Schismaticks avouching at the same time that there can be but one Pope and that the whole World ought in a manner to be look'd upon as his Diocess In the last he writes to the Monks of the Carthusian Convent at Durbon near Marseilles That he had caus'd a Collection to be made of St. Jerom's Letters and had corrected a great number of Faults which had crept into them declaring also That he retrench'd from that Collection those Letters which the meanness of the Style or the difference of the Conceptions made it appear to be unworthy of that great Man He likewise makes a Catalogue of the latter and passes a very judicious Censure upon them which shews that Solitude and the practice of Piety do not hinder a Man from applying himself to Study and that the Art of Critique is not incompatible with Morality and Spiritual Exercises St. NORBERT ST NORBERT a Native of Santen a Village of the Country of Cleves the Son of Herbert and Hatwiga was educated in the Palace of Frederick Arch-bishop of Colen and St. Norbert afterwards brought to the Court of the Emperor Henry V. He was admitted among the Clergy and receiv'd the Orders of a Deacon and Priest on the same day He was made a Canon in his native Country and enjoy'd divers other Spiritual Livings But being afterwards transported with an extraordinary Zeal he addicted himself to Preaching with the Permission of Pope Gelasius II. and having quitted his Benefices and distributed his whole Estate to the Poor he embrac'd a more regular Life He converted by his Preaching many Hereticks and a great number of Sinners Upon his arrival at Laon being entreated by Bartholomew Bishop of that City not to leave his Diocess he was prevail'd upon by the request of that Prelate and chose for the place of his abode a dismal solitude call'd Premontre where he retir'd A. D. 1120. and there founded the Order of Regular Canons which bears that Name and which was confirm'd five Years after by Pope Honorius II. in 1126. Some time after St. Norbert was sent for to Antwerp to confute Tanchelin or Tanchelm accus'd of Heresie and was constrain'd the next Year to accept of the Arch-bishoprick of Magdeburg He assisted in the Council held at Rheims A. D. 1131. in favour of Innocent II. took a Journey to Rome when that Pope was re-established by the Emperor Lotharius and died in 1134. There is only extant a small moral Discourse written by him in form of an Exhortation and directed to the Monks of his Order STEPHEN HARDING Abbot of Cisteaux ROBERT Abbot of Molesme who first founded the Monastery of Cisteaux A. D. 1098. with Robert Abbot of Molesme 21 Monks of his Abbey whom he brought into that Solitude had not long the Government of it for the next Year he was oblig'd by the Pope's special Order to return to his own Monastery Alberic who succeeded him and govern'd Cisteaux during nine Years and a half gave no other Rule to his Monks but his Example Afterwards STEPHEN HARDING Stephen Harding Abbot of Cisteaux descended of a noble Family in England one of the 21 Monks who came from Molesme with Robert being chose Abbot of Cisteaux apply'd himself to the compleating of that Order and may justly be reputed the Founder of it For he was the first that held general Chapters of the Convents of the Cistercian Monks and made a kind of Rule which was common to all those Monasteries He call'd it the Charter of Charity and publish'd it in 1119. It was approv'd by Pope Calixtus II. It is divided into Thirty Chapters which contain the particular Rules to be observ'd by those Monks and is compriz'd in the Monologia Ordinis Cisterciensis printed at Antwerp in 1635. and in the Annals of the same Order printed at Lyons in 1642. There are also extant in the Bibliotheca Cisterciensis a Treatise call'd The small beginning of the Cistercian Order A Sermon on the Death of Alberic And a Discourse made to St. Bernard when he receiv'd the Monastick Habit which bear the name of that Abbot of Cisteaux BRUNO Bishop of Segni BRUNO of Asti Canon of the Cathedral Church of that City and afterwards of that Bruno Bishop of Segni of Sienna went to Rome in the time of Pope Gregory VII in whose presence he disputed against Berengarius and by way of recompence was made Bishop of Segni He retir'd to Mount Cassin under Paschal II. who was offended at his retreat and drew him out of that Monastery to send him in Quality of his Legate into France and Sicily He govern'd the Abbey of Mount Cassin for some time but afterwards return'd to his Bishoprick and died there A. D. 1123. The Works of this Author were publish'd by Maurus Marchesius a Monk of Mount Cassin who caus'd them to be printed in two Tomes at Venice in 1651. The First contains his Commentaries on the Pentateuch on the Books of Job Psalms and Canticles and on the Revelation of St. John in which he adheres more to the Moral than to the other Senses of the Text. In the Second are compris'd Forty five Sermons on the Gospels of the whole Year the greatest part of which were printed under the Name of Eusebius of Emisa and St. Eucherius A Treatise on the Song of Zachariah Another of the Incarnation and Burial of Jesus Christ in which he enquires how long our Saviour continued in the Sepulchre A Tract to prove the use of Unleaven'd Bread against the Greeks An Explication of certain Ceremonies of the Church The Life of Pope Leo IX A Treatise about the Corruption of the Age proceeding as he says from Simoniacal Practices in which he discourses of the Invalidity of Ordinations made by Simonists and of those of Persons guilty of that Crime The Life of St. Peter of Anagnia Two Letters viz. One directed to the Bishop of Porto and the Other to Pope Paschal Six Books of Sentences or Moral Discourses on divers Subjects which some have attributed to St. Bruno Founder of the Carthusian Order and which Marchesius restor'd to Bruno of Segni upon the Credit of Petrus Diaconus by reason of the conformity of the Style and in regard that the Author of these Discourses makes it appear that he observ'd St. Benedict's Rule and that he wrote on the Apocalypse To these Works are annexed a Commentary on the Book of Psalms by ODO a Benedictin Odo a Benedictin Monk of Asti. Monk of Asti dedicated to Bruno of Segni The
of the Ordinances of the Council of London A. 1125. St. Bernard composes his Treatise of the Duties of Bishops which he dedicates to Henry Archbishop of Sens and at the same time makes a Discourse to the Clergy of Paris call'd Of Conversion 1128 IV. The Pope Excommnicates Roger Duke of Sicily IV. X. The Death of Albero Bishop of Liege January the 1st Stephen Abbot of St. John at Chartres is made Patriarch of Jerusalem Drogo or Dreux Priof St. Nicaise of Rheims is constituted first Abbot of St. John at Laon by Bartholomew de Foigny Bishop of that City Peter Library-Keeper of Mount Cassin is expell'd that Monastery by the envy of his Companions and retires to the Emperor who Constitutes him his Secretary and Chaplain and employs him in several Negotiations A Council at Troyes held Jan. 13. which confirms the Institution of the Order of the Knights Templars and prescribes 'em a Rule and a Form of a White Habit upon which Pope Eugenius III. afterwards ordain'd that a red Cross should be worn St. Bernard composes this Year his Treatise of Grace and Free Will. Drogo or Dreux 1129 V. Lewes the Gross King of France causes his Son Philip to be crown'd April the 14th V. XI The Pope sends Legate to Denmark Gregory deCrescentia Cardinal of Theodorus A Council at Châlons held Feb. 2. in which Henry Bishop of Verdun resigns his Bishoprick according to St. Bernard's advice and Ursio Abbot of St. Denis at Rheims is substituted in his place The Death of Gauterius Bishop of Maguelone 1130 The Death of Honorius II. Feb. 14. INNOCENT II. is chosen the same day The Schism of Peter de Leon who assumes the Name of Anacletus Innocent is acknowledg'd in the Assembly of Etampes and goes into France I. VI. Lewes the Gross King of France magnificently entertains Pope Innocent at Orleans Henry I. K. of England receives him in the like manner and owns his Authority XII St. Bernard speaks earnestly in favour of Pope Innocent in the Council of Etampes and his judgment is follow'd by the Council Hugh a Native of Amiens and Abbot of Redding in England is made Archbishop of Roan A Council at Etampes which acknowledges Innocent as lawful Pope Eckard Abbot of Urangen Hugh Monk of Fleury Isaac an Armenian Bp writes against the Errors of the Armenians Anselm Abbot of Gemblours Ordericus Vitalis Anselm Bishop of Havelberg Hervaeus Monk of Dol. Hugh de Foliet Stephen Bishop of Paris Rainier Monk of St. Laurence at Liege Gualbert Monk of Marchiennes Pandulphus of Pisa. Fabritius Tuscus Abbot of Abendon Auctus Abbot of Valombre  1131 II. An Interview between Pope Innocent and the Emperor Lotharius at Liege The Pope visits the Abbeys of Cluny and Clairvaux at his return from Liege VII Philip the Son of Lewes the Gross is kill'd by accident and his Brother Lewes the Younger sir-nam'd the Godly is crown'd by the Pope in the Council of Rheims Octob. 25th XIII The Emperor proposes the re-establishment of the Investitures in his Interview with the Pope at Liege but St. Bernard opposes it and persuades that Prince to insist no longer upon that Demand St. Bernard refuses the Bishoprick of Châlons and causes Geffrey Abbot of St. Medard at Soissons to be chosen Bishop of that Diocess The Pope grants a Privilege to the Abbey of Même St. Bernard invites to Clairvaux Gueric Canon of Tournay An Assembly at Liege March the 2â—th A Council at Rheims held in the Month of October where the Anti-pope Anacletus is Excommunicated In this Year St Bernard composes his Treatise of Injunctions and Dispensations Albericus Canon of Aix Foucher a Monk of Chartres Gauterius the Chancellour Annas Comnenus Michâ—el Gâ—â—cas The Death of Baudry Bishop of Dâ—â— 1132 III. The Pope returns to Italy VIII XIV The Death of St. Hugh Bishop of Grenoble St. Bernard accompanies Innocent II. to Italy and by the way reconciles the Inhabitants of Genoua and Pisa and obliges 'em to declare for the Pope Albero who had succeeded another Albero in the Dignity of Primate of Mets when the latter was made Bishop of Liege is chosen Arch-bishop of Triers A Contest between the Abbey of Cluny and that of Cisteaux on occasion of a Privilege grantby Pope Innocent which exempted the Monks of Cisteaux from paying Tithes to the Abbey of Cluny Differences between Stephen Bishop of Paris and an Arch-Deacon of his Diocess who had unadvisedly Suspended his Arch-Deaconry from Divine Service with Stephen de Garlande his Adversary which is the Subject of the Letters written by that Bishop  Tâ—â—stin Arch-bishop of York The Death of Hildebert Archbishop of Tours 1133 IV. Lotharius re-establishes Pope Innocent in the See of Rome but this Prince is no sooner departed thence to return to Germany but the Anti-pope Anacletus constrains Innocent to retire a second time to Pâ—sa Roger Duke of Sicily upon the Sollicitation of Anacletus who had given him the Title of King in vain endeavours to with-draw the Inhabitants of Pisa from their Obedience to the Pope IX Lotharius is crown'd Emperor at Rome by Pope Innocent XV. The Pope ratifies the Immunities and Donations made to the Church of Pistoia in Tuscany He likewise confirms the Right of Superiority of the Archbishop of Hamburg over the Bishops of Denmark Sweden and Norway Thomas Prior of St. Victor is kill'd near Gournay by the Relations of Theobald Arch-Deacon of Paris as he was returning with Stephen Bishop of Paris from the the Abbey of Chelles where they they went to reform some Abuses This Bishop Pronounces a Sentence of Excommunication against those Murderers and retires to Clairvaux Archembald Sub-Dean of Orleans is likewise Assassinated at the instigation of John Arch-Deacon of St. Croix of the same City Robert Pullus who had pass'd from France to England in the Year 1130. and had since obtain'd the Arch-Deaconry of Rochester re-establishes the Universitiy of Oxford A Council at Joarre which Excommunicates the Assassins of Thomes Prior of St. Victor at Paris and of Archembaldâ—â— Sub-Dean of Orleans and all those that entertain'd ' em The Pope confirms this Sentence and adds in a Letter that Divine Service should cease to be celebrated in all those places where these Assassins were present and that those Ecclesiastical Persons that were abetters to these Murders should be depriv'd of their Benefices  1134 V. X. A Treaty of Peace concluded between Lotharius and Conrad by the Mediation of St. Bernard XVI St. Bernard after the breaking up of the Council of Pisa is sent to Milan to reconcile the Milaneses with the Church of Rome He is accompanied with 2 CardinalLegates Guy Bishop of Pisa and Matthew Bishop of Albano as also with Geffrey Bishop of Chartres A Council at Pisa held by the Pope against the Anti-pope Anacletus Hugh of St. Victor The Death of St. Norbert Founder of the Order of Premontré The Death of Stephen Harding Abbot of Cisteaux 1135 VI. Roger Duke of Sicily takes
Archbishop of Canterbury refuses to admit as Judges of the Controversy between him and the King of England the Pope's Legates in the Assembly at Gisors and pleads his own Cause so resolutely that it breaks up without concluding any thing He obtains of the Pope sometime after the revocation of those two Legates A Council at Lateran in which Pope Alexander pronounces a Sentence of Deposition against the Emperor Frederick An Assembly at Gisors in the Month of November The Death of Odo de Deuil Abbot of St. Cornelius at Câ—â—peigne 1169 X. Pope Alexander who had retir'd to Benevento returns thence in the end of the Year The Romans refuse to admit him but on condition that he shou'd order the Walls of Frascati to be demolish'd which he had fortify'd The Pope does it accordingly but the Romans having broke their word he causes Frascati to be refortfy'd and returns to Benâ—â—â—ntâ— XVIII The Emperor is defeated by the Milaneses and escapes with much a-do to Germany An Interview between the Kings of England and and France at St. Denis about the Affair of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury where they come to no Agreement The King of England causes his Son Henry to be Crown'd by the Archbishop of York to the prejudice of the Archbishop of Canterbury to whom this Right belonged XXVII The fruitless Negotiations of two other Legates of the See of Rome concerning an accommodation of the Differences between the K. of England and the Arch-bishop of Canterbury The King of England being dissatisfy'd with the proceedings of these two last Legates desires two others to be sent which suit is granted but they have no better success in their Negociation than the former The Pope revokes the Suspension of the Authority of the Archbishop of Canterbury He Suspends the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishops who assisted at the Coronation of the King of England ab Officio c.   1170 XI The Anti-pope Paschal dies His Partisans Substitute John Abbot of Seruma in his place under the Name of Calixtus III. XIX An Interview between the Kings of England and France at St. German en Laye who conclude a Mutual Treaty of Peace XXVIII Manuel Comnenâ—s causes a Proposal to be made to the Pope for the re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches in case he wou'd cause him to be Crown'd Emperor of the West but the Pope replies that the Matter being of too great difficulty he cou'd not grant his request Theorianus is sent to Armenia by the Emperor Manuel Comnenus to endeavour to procure a re-union between that and the Greek Church He finds means to gain the Patriarch of the Armenians The Interview between the the two Kings at St. Germain en Laye where were present the Legates of the Pope and Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury produce no effect as to the reconciliation of this Prelate with his Prince Rotrou Archbishop of Roan and Bernard Bishop of Nevers are sent by the Pope to the King of England with Orders to suspend the whole Kingdom from Divine Service if he refus'd to be reconcil'd to the Archbishop of Canterbury and to restore Peace to the Church This Prince yields to their Remonstrances and even entreats 'em to promote the Accommodation which is at last terminated this Year Theoâ—old the Kinsman of William of Champagne Archbishop of Sens is ordain'd Bishop of Amiens The Archbishop of York and the Bishops of London and Salisbury whom Thomas Becket had Excommunicated create him new Troubles in England and he is no sooner arriv'd at Canterbury but he is Assassinated in his Church on the Festival of Christmass Pontius the fifth Abbot of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Clermont in Auvergne The Birth of St. Dominick  Henry Arch-bishop of Rheims writes to the Pope and Cardinals in favour of Dreux or Drogo Chancellor of the Church of Noyon Peter of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris composes his Book of Sentences Robert of Melun Bishop of Hereford Alexis Aristenes Simeon Logotheta John of Cornwall Gerochus Provost of Reichersperg Peter de Riga Canon of Rheims 1171 XII XX. XXIX The King dispatches an Envoy to Rome to clear himself of the Murder of Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury The Pope sends two Legates to oblige him to make satisfaction to the Church and in the mean while Excommunicates the Murderers The King meekly submits to the Penance impos'd on him by the Legates dis-annuls the Customs publish'd at Clarendon and at last receives Absolution at the Door of the Church Richard succeeds Thomas in the Archbishoprick of Canterbury The Assassins of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury come to Rome to get Absolution where the Pope enjoyns 'em to take a Journey to Jerusalem in the Habit of Pilgrims One of 'em perishes by the way and the two others spend the remainder of their Lives in doing Penance being shut up in a place call'd Monte-Nigro   1172 XIII XXI XXX Guarinus or Warinus is constituted the fifth Abbot of St. Victor at Paris Henry II. King of England is absolv'd in the Council of Avranches A Council at Lombez in which the Heretick Oliverius and his Followers call'd Bons Hommes or Good Men are convicted and condemn'd A Council at Cassel in Ireland held in the Month of October A Council at Avranches The Death of Gilbert Abbot of Hoiland 1173 XIV XXII The Young King of England Rebels against his Father who is oblig'd to repair to the Tomb of Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury to implore his Assistance XXXI The Canonization of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury  Richard of St. Victor dies March 10. 1174 XV. XXIII XXXII The Canonization of St. Bernard Jan. 18. William Arch Deacon of Tyre is advanced in the Month of May to the Dignity of Arch-bishop of that Church   1175 XVI XXIV The Emperor makes War in Italy XXXIII The Pope approves the Institution of the Order of the Knights of St. James in Spain and of that of the Monks of the Abbey of St. Saviour at Messina Nivelon de Cherisy is made Bishop of Soissons Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph who had quitted his Bishoprick by reason of some Disturbances that happen'd in Wales and had retir'd to King Henry's Court who gave him the Abbey of Abington is sollicited in the Council of London to return to his Bishoprick but upon his refusal other Incumbents are provided both for his Bishoprick and Abbey and he remains destitute of a Benefice Geffrey who was translated from the Abbey of Igni to that of Clairvaux going into Italy is there made Abbot of Fossanova and some Years after of Hautecombe A Council at London held on the Sunday before the Festival of the Ascension in which were present the two Henrys Kings of England Geffrey Abbot of Clairvaux William Arch-bishop of Tyre 1176 XVII XXV The Emperor's Army is entirely defeated by the Milanese Forces and that Prince is oblig'd to send Ambassadors to Pope Alexander to sue for Peace XXXIV The
BARTHOLOMEW Bishop of Oxford flourish'd in the end of the Century ODO DE CHIRTON Flourish'd in the end of the Century JOHN A Carthusian Monk of des Portes flourish'd in the end of the Century STEPHEN DE CHAULMET A Carthusian of des Portes liv'd at the same time WILLAM LE PETIT A Regular Canon of Neutbrige or Neuburg flourish'd at the same time dy'd in 1208. GERVASE A Monk of Canterbury flourish'd in the end of the Century GONTHERIUS A Monk of St. Amand flourish'd in the end of the Century OLIVER of Colen Flourish'd in the end of the Century RADULPHUS DE DICETO Dean of St. Pauls at London flourish'd in the end of the Century GEFFREY or GAUTERIUS DE VINESAUF Flourish'd under the Popedom of Innocent III. in the very end of the Century GEORGE XIPYLIN Patriarch of Constantinople advanc'd to that Dignity A. D. 1193. dy'd in 1199. PETER of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris flourish'd A. D. 1170. dy'd in 1200. PETER of Blois Arch Deacon of Bath went to Sicily A. D. 1167. return'd to France a little while after passed into England and flourish'd there till the end of the Century SYLVESTER GIRALDUS Bishop of St. Davids flourish'd A. D. 1170. dy'd in the beginning of the following Century RICHARD Abbot of Mount-Cassin flourish'd in the end of this Century dy'd in the beginning of the following STEPHEN Bishop of Tournay become a Regular Canon A. D. 1165. was chosen Abbot of St. Genevieve in 1177. and Bishop of Tournay in 1192. THEODORUS BALSAMON Patriarch of Antioch flourish'd from the Year 1180. to 1203. ELIAS of Coxie Abbot of Dunes flourish'd in the end of the Century dy'd in 1203. SAXO GRAMMATICUS Provost of Roschild flourish'd at the same time dy'd in 1204. JOANNES CAMATERUS Patriarch of Constantinople advanc'd to that Dignity A. D. 1199 dy'd in 1206. ZACHARIAS Bishop of Chrysopolis is suppos'd to have liv'd in the XII Century ROGER DE HOVEDEN A Professor of Oxford flourish'd in the beginning of the following Century JAMES DE VITRY Cardinal flourish'd in the end of the Century dy'd in A. D. 1194. A TABLE OF THE WORKS OF THE Ecclesiastical Writers IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY S. BRUNO Founder of the Carthusian Order His Genuine Works still extant TWO Letters Spurious Works All the other Works that are attributed to him and which really belong to Bruno Bishop of Segni LEO Cardinal Deacon Manuscript Works Letters PETRUS THEUTBODUS A Genuine Work The History of the Crusade A nameless Italian Author His Genuine Works still extant Four Books of the History of the Crusade ROBERT a Monk of St. Remigius at Rheims A Genuine Work The History of the Crusade DOMNIZON a Priest A Genuine Work The Life of the Princess Mathilda RAINOLDUS of Semur Archbishop of Lyons A Genuine Work The Life of St. Hugh Abbot of Cluny BAUDRY Bishop of Noyon and Terouanne A Genuine Work A Chronicle of the Churches of Cambray and Arras SIGEBERT a Monk of Gemblours Genuine Works A Continuation of St. Jerom's Chronicle A Treatise of Ecclesiastical Writers A Letter written in the Name of the Clergy of Liege and Cambray The Lives of St. Sigebert St. Guibert and St. Maclou Works lost The Life of St. Therry or Theodoricus The History of the Passion of St. Lucy and her Defence with a Sermon in Commendation of this Saint The Passion of the Theban Martyrs in Verse And Apology for the Masses of Marry'd Priests An Answer to the Inhabitants of Trier concerning the four Ember-Weeks The Book of Ecclesiastes in Heroick Verse A Treatise of the Reformation of the Cycles ODO Bishop of Cambray His Genuine Works which we now have A Commentary on the Canon of the Mass. Three Books of Original Sin A Treatise in form of a Dialogue against a Jew concerning the the necessity of Incarnation and Grace of Jesus Christ. A Tract concerning the sin of Blasphemy against the Holy Ghost A Tract explaining the Harmony of the Four Evangelists A Sermon on the Parable in the Gospel of the unjust Steward YVES or YVO Bishop of Chartres Genuine Works Two Hundred and Eighty Nine Letters A Treatise call'd Pannormia Another call'd the Decree Supposititious Works Two Chronicles GISLEBERT or GILBERT CRISPIN Abbot of Westminster A Genuine Work still extant A Conference with a Jew concerning Religion Manuscript Works A Homily on the Book of Canticles A Discourse upon St. Jerom's Preface to the Bible A Treatise of Sins LEO of Marsi Cardinal Bishop of Ostia A Genuine Work A Chronicle of Mount-Cassin PETRUS ALPHONSUS a Spanish Jew Converted A Genuine Work A Dialogue concerning the Truth of the Christian Religion STEPHEN Abbot of St. James at Liege A Genuine Work The Life of St. Modoaldus PASCHAL II. Pope Genuine Works still in our Possession Letters Fragments of some other Letters Works lost Commentaries on the Books of the Holy Scripture and several other Treatises ANSCHERUS Abbot of St. Riquier A Genuine Work An Account of the Life and Miracles of St. Wilbrod THEOBALDUS a Clerk of the Church of Etampes Genuine Works Five Letters RADULPHUS or ARDENS Genuine Works Several Sermons NICETAS SEIDUS A Manuscript Work A Treatise against the Latinss concerning the Primacy of the Church of Rome of which there are some Fragments in Allatius HARIULPHUS a Monk of St. Riquier Genuine Works still extant A Chronicle of St. Riquier The Life of St. Arnold A Relation of the Miracles of St. Riquier The Life of St. Maldegilisilus HUGH Abbot of Flavigny A Genuine Work A Chronicle of Verdun ODO a Benedictin Monk of Ast. A Genuine Work A Commentary on the Book of Psalms RAIMOND D'AGILES a Canon of Puy A Genuine Work The History of the Crusade TURGOT a Monk of Durham A Genuine Work The History of the Church of Durham to the Year 1096. JOHN PYKE an English Writer The History of the English Saxon and Danish Kings that have Reign'd in England WALTER Arch-Deacon of Oxford A Translation of Geffrey of Monmonth's History of England EUTHYMIUS ZYGABENUS a Greek Monk Genuine Works Panoplia Dogmatica or a Treatise of the Orthodox Faith Commentaries on the Book of Psalms Canticles and the Gospels PHILIPPUS SOLITARIUS a Greek Monk A Genuine Work Dioptron or the Rule of the Christian Life UDASCHALCUS a Monk A Genuine Work A Relation of the Controversy between Herman Bishop of Augsburg and Egino Abbot of St. Ulrick GELASTUS II. Pope Genuine Works Seven Letters FLORENTUS BRAVO a Monk of Winchester Genuine Works still extant A Chronicle A Genealogy of the Kings of England WILLIAM DE CHAMPEAUX Bishop of Châlons Works lost A Book of Sentences Several other Treatises MARBODUS Bishop of Rennes Genuine Works Divers Poems Six Letters BRUNO Bishop of Segni Genuine Works Commentaries on the Pentateuch Books of Job Psalms Canticles and Apoealypse 145 Sermons A Treatise on the Song of Zacharias A Treatise of the Incarnation and Burial of Jesus Christ. A Tract concerning the use of unleavened Bread against the Greeks The Life of Pope Leo
Companions The Life of S. Pirmin by Henry of Calva The History of Schur and of the Abbots of that Monastery by Conrad Prior of Schur The Life of S. Notger the Lisper by Eckerhâ—â—d The Histories of Philip Augustus Lewis VIII and Philip the Hardy Kings of France by Rigord William the Briton and William of Nangis The Life of S. Francis by Fabiâ—â— Hugeline Conrad of Everbak's Treatise of the Original of the Order of Citeaux The Life of S. Wulfran by John Gal. The Lives of S. Bearice and Aldegonda and of S. Amand by Albertus The Lives of the blessed Joseph Herman and S. Anthony of Padua by two Anonymous Writers The Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Andrew by William Abbot of that Abbey The History of the beginnings of the Order of Preaching Fryars and a Circular Letter on the Translation of the Body of S. Dominick by Jordanus The Narrative of the Translation of our Saviour's Crown of Thorns by Walter Coâ—â—â— and Gerard Monk of Lisle The Lives of S. Ivetta and S. Ives by Hugh of â—oreff The History of the Life and Miracles of S. Elizabeth by Conrad of Mapurg The Life and Miracles of S. Francis by Thomas of Celano The Life of S. Mary d'Oignies by James of Vitry The Life of S. Isidore by Luâ—e of Tuy The Lives of S. Lâ—â—garda S. Mary d'Oignies S. Christina and S. Margaret of 〈◊〉 By Thâ—â—â—â— of 〈◊〉 Gerard of Frachet's â—istory of the Illustrious Men of the Dominican Order The Life of S. William Bishop of S. Brieu by Godfrey the Bald. The History of the Bishops of Liege by Giles Monk of Orval The Chronicle of Mentz by Conrad a German Bishop The Life of S. Osith by Alberic Verus The History of the State of Hungary by Roger. The Life of S. Dominick by Constantine of Orvieâ—o The Life of S. Edâ—iga by Engelbert The History of the Life and Translation of S. Edmund by Robert Rich and Robert Bacon The Life of S. Claire by an Anonymous Author The Lives of the two Offa's Kings of Mercia and of the twenty three first Abbots of S. Albans by Matthew Paris The Life of S. Godoberta by an anonymous Author The Lives of John Bishop of Tournay and of S. Eleutherius by Gilbert of Tournay The Life of S. Richard Bishop of Chichester A Chronicle of the Order of Carmelites by Sanvic The Lives of the Abbots of the Abbey of S. Augustine in England by Thomas Spott The Life of S. Peter the Martyr a Dominican by Thomas of Lentini Mark Paul's Relation of Expeditions The History of Tobit and Tobias in Verse by Matthew of Vendome The Life of S. Leuis by Geofrey of Beaulieu and William of Chartres The History of the Dominicans of Colmar by an Anonymous Author of that Order The Lives of S. Dominick and S. Elizabeth by Thierry of Apolda The Life of S. Meinulphus by Gobelinus The Chronicle of the Bishops of Hildesheim by Egehard The History of the Monastery of Gloucester by Gregory of Winchester The Life of S. Alban by Sigeard The Life of S. Mattildis by Engelhard A Treatise of Famous Men by Henry of Gand. The Golden Legend of James of Voragines The History of the Abbots of S. Germain of Auxerre by Guy of Munois The Life of Guy Earl of Warwick The Relation of the Expedition of the Catalonians and Artagonians against the Turks and Greeks Works of Morality Innocent III. His Treatise of Alms and the Praise of Charity Alanus's Book of Sentences or of Memorable Sayings His Treatise concerning the honest Man Intitul'd Anticlodianus His Complaint of Nature against the Sin of Sodomy Walter Mapes's Poetical Pieces S. Anthony of Padua's Moral Concordances on the Bible Ricerus's Treatise of the Methods of easily attaining the Knowledge of Truth Treatises Of Faith and the Law Of the Vertues Of the Manners Of Vices Of Sins Of Temptations Of the Merit of Good Works Of Divine Rhetorick or Prayer Of Pennance By William Bishop of Paris A Moral Mirrour by Vincent of Beauvais His Instruction for the Children of Kings His Consolatory Letter to King S. Lewis Raymond of â—â—â—nafort's Cases of Conscience A Body of Vertues And the Treatise Intitul'd The Destroyer of Vices ascrib'd to Alexander of Hales Several Treatises of S. Bonaventure Several Works of S. Thomas William Perault's Body of Vertues and Vices Thomas of Chantpre's Piece Intitul'd The Universal Good Flowers taken out of S. Bernard by William Monk of S. Martin of Tournay Works of John de Galles An Historical Collection of the Examples of Vertues and Viecs by Nicholas of Hanaps call'd The Poor Man's Bible John the Teutonick's System of Confessors William of S. Amour's Treatises Works of Piety Innocent III. His Treatise of the Contempt of the World His Commentaries on the seven Penitential Psalms His Prayers His Hymns Works attributed to S. Celestine the Pope S. Francis's Works of Piety S. Anthony of Padua's Mystical Expositions S. Edmund's Mirrour of the Church S. Thomas's Office of the Holy Sacrament and his other Works Cardinal Hugh's Mirrour of the Priests David of Augsburgh's Works of Piety Robert of Sorbonne's Three Discourses of Piety Gilbert of Tournay's Treatises of the Tranquillity of the Soul The Treatise of the City of Jesus Christ by John Genes of La Caille The Works of S. Gertruda and of S. Mattildis Thomas Palmeran's Flowers of the Bible and of the Fathers Anand Suson's Works of Piety Richard of S. Lawrence's Twelve Books of the Praises of the Virgin Mary Monastical Treatises The Carmelites Rule by Albertus Patriarch of Jerusalem S. Francis's Works Several Treatises of S. Bonaventure Humbert de Romans's Works Three Tracts of David of Augsburgh Sermons and Works for Preaching Alanus's Summary of the Art of Preaching Pope Innocent III. his Sermons His Discourse for the Consecration of the Pope Absalom Abbot of of Spinkerbac's Sermons Wernerus's Postillary Sermons Caesareus of Heisterbac's Sermons S. Anthony of Padua's Sermons Philip of Greve's Sermons on the Psalms James of Vitry's Sermons Albertus Magnus's Sermons William Perault's Sermons father'd on William of Paris Sermons and an Instruction for Preachers by Humbert of Romans Gilbert of Tournay's Sermons Martinus Polonius's Sermons Gerard of Liege's Mirrour for Preachers James ' of Voragine's Sermons and Marial John the Teutonick's System of Preachers The Panygerick of Nicetas Acominates Choniates by Michael Acominates Choniates his Brother Germanus Nauplius's Sermons Philosophical Works John XXI His Philosophical Works Vincent of Beauvais's Doctrinal and Natural Mirrour Albertus Magnus's Philosophical Works Philosophical Works and Commentaries on Aristotle by S. Thomas Bacons's Philosophical Works A General INDEX of the Principal Matters contained in this Volume A. Abbesses Of their Duties page 93 Abbeys The Alienation of their Goods prohibited 125 Abbots The Election of an Abbot nul if he were not a Monk 31. The exacting of any thing for the Benediction of Abbots prohibited 102. Of their Conduct and Duties 93 103 108 109 114 115 131. The Functions which they are prohibited to perform
Name of the Trinity yet we cannot say that this Council has determined the Question calls the full Council which first decided this Controversie that St. Austin followed its Decision and proves it at large in his Books against the Donatists that the Western Church has embraced this Opinion and that though l The Eastern Churches Those of the East did not make use of St. Austin's Distinction either in the Council of Constantinople or in the Council that was held in the Emperour's Palace but they distinguished between three sorts of Hereticks Those that were to be Re-baptized as the Paulianists and the ancient Hereticks together with the Eunomians and Sabellians who did not observe three Immersions Secondly Those that were to be anointed such as were the Arians the Macedonians the Novatians the Quarto decimani and the Apollinarians And lastly those who had nothing more to do than barely to make an Abjuration as the Eutychians the Nestorians the Severians the Acephali and the Monothelites the Eastern Churches have not agreed with her absolutely in this Point yet they always made a distinction between Hereticks and differently received them It would be no difficult matter to justifie all this but as this is no proper place to discuss this Question so it would carry us too far from our Subject The Reader need only consult our Annotations to be better satisfied To compleat what remains of St. Cyprian's Life it would be necessary here to transcribe the ancient Acts of his Passion and what his Deacon Pontius has related concerning it but the Description of his Martyrdom does not concern the Subject or Design of this Work and therefore I shall only observe that towards the beginning of Valerian's Persecution in the Year 257 on the 30th of August he was banished to Curubis a City about ten or twelve Leagues distant from Carthage by the Command of Aspasius Paternus the Proconsul that after he had tarried there eleven Months he was re-called by the Proconsul Galerius Maximus who confined him to his own Gardens near Carthage that being informed that the Proconsul had sent some Soldiers to seize and carry him to Utica he retired inlo a private Place that he might not suffer Martyrdom out of his own Church or after any other manner than in the Presence of his own People and that at last being come back again to his Gardens after the Proconsul's return to Carthage he was apprehended and carried before him where after he had generously made Profession of the Christian Faith he had his Head cut off in a Place called Sexti near the City of Carthage on the 14th of September in the Year 258 under the Consulship of Tuscus and Bassus The first m The first Letter 'T is rather a Treatise than a Letter but all St. Cyprian's Works were called Letters as it appears by Ruffinus in his Apology St. Pacian calls the Book de Lapsis a Letter Ep. 3. ad Sempronianum St. Austin likewise not only calls the Treatise to Donatus but the Book of Unity the Treatise of Zeal and Envy by this Name and in some other places he gives the Title of the Book to the Letters It is an easie matter however to distinguish the Letters from the Treatises We leave the Treatise to Donatus amongst the Letters though is is a Treatise Letter which St. Cyprian writ to Donatus contains a Relation of a Conference he had with that Friend a little after his Baptism wherein after he has spoke of the marvellous Effects of that Sacrament he eloquently lays open the Perils we run in this World the Crimes and Injustices that are there committed and afterwards shewing the Excellence and Happiness of those Persons who consecrate themselves to the Service of God he exhorts his Friend to live a retired Life to renounce the World and to apply himself diligently to Reading and Praying This Letter which we are to consider as the First-fruits of St. Cyprian's Works is written in a very gay florid Style by no means suitable to the Matter in hand as St. Austin observes in his Book of the Christian Doctrine adding That this Martyr did not follow the same manner of Writing in his other Letters but that he took up a more masculine and graver way of Writing and which was more becoming a Christian. These Letters are divided according to the Order of Time n Into five Classes In the English Edition before the other Letters of St. Cyprian we find four that are said to have been written before his Retirement but they bring no Proofs or Conjectures strong enough to support this Opinion and therefore we had better own that we cannot tell when they were written into five Classes The first comprehends those which he wrote in his first Exile The second those which he wrote under the Pontificate of the two Popes Cornelius and Lucius The third those which he wrote under the Pontificate of Stephen The fourth those which he wrote during his last Exile towards his latter End The fifth those of which we cannot set down the precise time when they were written which are but few But besides this general Order which it is easie to observe we are to take notice what Letters follow each other immediately and this indeed has been attempted by Pamelius but with very little Success The Order he has followed has been reformed by a Learned Person who has translated St. Cyprian's Letters into our Language in the Preface which he sets before his Translation And lastly He that published a new Edition of St. Cyprian in England has disposed them in a new Order according to the Series of Time We shall follow either of them as we see convenient The first of those Letters that were written in the first Exile of St. Cyprian in all probability is that which is the fourth in Pamelius's Edition addressed to his Clergy that is to say to his Priests and Deacons wherein he exhorts them to acquit themselves in his Absence of their own Functions and his so that nothing may be defective in relation to Order and Discipline He recommends to their Care those Christians who were imprisoned for the Religion of Jesus Christ to assist them in their Necessities and to advise the Christians not to go in Multitudes to the Prisons for fear of provoking the Pagans that the Priests who went to offer the Sacrifice of the Altar in Prison should go thither each in their Turns along with a Deacon and lastly that the Christians should accommodate themselves to the Times and take care as much as in them lay to soften the Rigour of the Persecution What Du Pin renders to offer the Sacrifice of the Altar in St. Cyprian is only to offer It is well enough known that the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was called a Sacrifice the Lord's Table an Altar and the Administration Offering in St. Cyprian's Time and it has been as often proved by all that have given an
into his Schism under the Pain of Deprivation and Excommunication In the Title he speaks of Heresie and in the body of the Writing he speaks only of Schism 2. 'T is no where noted to whom this Declaration was made 3. He promises to St. Peter the Prince of the Apostles and his Vicar the blessed Gregory which Form does not appear to be so ancient 4. He swears by the Holy Gospels and by the Genius of the Emperors But the Christians would never swear by the Genius of the Emperors under Pagan Emperors how then should this Form be authorized under a Christian Emperor in an Oath made by a Bishop for an Affair purely Ecclesiastical 5. 'T is said in this Declaration that it was made under the Consuls but there had not been any Consuls for a long time before 6. Lastly This Form is not found in many Manuscripts The Memorial concerning the Proclamation of the Emperor Phocas which is at the beginning of B. 11. is a very uncertain Piece which ought not to be rank'd among the Letters of St. Gregory no more then the following Sermon concerning the Processions which St. Gregory caus'd to be made in the time of Mortality which ought to be plac'd at the beginning of St. Gregory's Pontificat 't is found in some Manuscripts before all the Letters The Priviledge which is suppos'd to have been granted to a Hospital of the Church of Autun founded by Queen Brunehaud and by Siagrius Bishop of that City has been plac'd among the Letters of St. Gregory in B. 11. Num. 10. and it must be confest that 't is found in all the Manuscripts Yet there are strong Reasons for rejecting it for 1. John the Deacon makes no mention of it in the Life of St. Gregory 2. All the Clauses of this pretended Priviledge are so many Proofs of its Forgery By the first it forbids Kings and Bishops to touch the Goods given to this Monastery or those which shall be given to it for the future and leaves the whole Administration of them to the Abbot By the second he gives the Nomination of the Abbot to the King and leaves the Approbation of him only to the Monks By the third he Ordains that this Abbot shall not be Deposed but for a Crime and if he is accused of it the Bishop of Autun cannot make Process against him but with six other Bishops By the fourth 't is forbidden to make a Bishop Abbot here By the fifth the Bishop of Autun is disabled to draw out the Monks of this Hospital and place them among his Clergy All these Clauses are exorbitant contrary to common Right and to the Discipline establish'd by St. Gregory who never granted the like Exemptions in the Priviledges which he gave 3. The Penalty that those who shall violate some of the Articles of this Priviledge is contrary both to the spirit of St. Gregory and the practice of his time There it is declared that if any King Bishop Judge or Secular Person violate the Rights of this Priviledge he shall be deprived and degraded from his Dignity Power and Honour St. Gregory never us'd these terms and was more cautious then to do it who did so much recommend Ecclesiastical Moderation and shewed so great Veneration to Princes 4. The style of this Priviledge is very different from that of St. Gregory's Letters The two following Letters are Copies of the same Priviledge which is supposed in the first to be granted to Thalassia the Abbess of the Monastery of St. Mary in the City of Autun and in the second to Lupinus Priest of a Church of St. Martin in the Suburbs of Autun which proves also the Forgery of this Action for what probability is there that St. Gregory should grant three Priviledges so extraordinary to three different Communities of one and the same City There is in B. 〈◊〉 31. an Answer of St. Gregory to many Articles about which he had been consulted by Austin the Monk This Piece is not found in many Manuscripts of the Register of St. Gregory's Epistles and in the eighth Century it was not in the Archieves of the Church of Rome where Boniface Archbishop of Mayence caus'd search for it which forc'd him to make an Address to Nothelmus Archbishop of Canterbury to geâ—a Copy of it This gave occasion to some to think that this Piece is supposititious and it must be confest that some of the Answers are extraordinary enough Nevertheless it seems that the Authority of Paterius a Disciple of St. Gregory leaves no room to doubt whether this Writing be truly his who relates two passages of it in the Extracts In Matth. ch 25 In Mark ch 22. which he made out of the Works of St. Gregory for it 's no ways probable that he should quote a forged Piece who had been Secretary to St. Gregory 'T is no wonder that a Copy of it could not be found at Rome in the time of Boniface for being written for the English and sent into England the Copies of it ought rather to be found in that Kingdom then at Rome and in effect this Writing was there very common Beda transcribes it in his Ecclesiastical History of England B. 1. c. 27. It 's also cited by Egbert Bishop of York and by Halitgarius a Bishop of Wales Neither is it true that there was no Copy of it at Rome since Pope Zachary quotes it in the Roman Council held in the Year 743 c. 15. Since the time of St. Anselm Isidore Ivo of Chartres Gratian and all the Compilers of Conons and Decretals have inserted these Answers of St. Gregory into their Collections I do not believe that this Letter was written by St. Gregory in the Year 598 a little after Austin was Ordain'd but rather in the Year 601 when he sent many Letters into England Here follows an Abridgment of the Questions of St. Austin and the Answers of St. Gregory Question What use should the Bishops make of the Revenues of the Church Answer They ought to divide them into four parts The first is for the Bishop and his Family that he may exercise Hospitality and entertain Strangers The second is for the Clergy The third for the Poor and the fourth for repairing Churches He recommends it to St. Austin to live in common with his Clergy Quest. 2. Whether the Ecclesiasticks who have not the Gift of Continence may marry and if they do whether they may return to Secular Affairs Answ. They may marry if they be not engag'd in Holy Orders and such ought not to want subsistence but they shall be obliged to lead a Life agreeable to the Ecclesiastical state and to sing the Psalms Quest. 3. Since there is but one and the same Faith why have Churches different Customs As for instance Why is Mess celebrated after one manner in the French Church and after another in the Church of Rome Answ. Altho Austin knows perfectly the Customs of the Church of Rome yet he shall have liberty
The Protestants took care to have this little Book of Ratramnus at divers times Printed and Translated There are extant some old Translations of it Printed in 1558 and 1560 and a New one published in 1653. But the Best of these is that which was Printed at London 1686 with an Excellent Preface vindicating Bertram from all Popish Objections with much Reason and Learning The other Treatises of Ratramnus have not been so well known nor so often publish'd and have not appear'd in publick before this Century His two Books concerning Predestination The Editions of the other Books of Ratramnus were Printed in the Collection made by Father Mauguin of the Authors of the Ninth Century upon Grace published in 1650. Tom. I. p. 29. and are since put in the Biblioth Patrum Tom. XV. and his two other Works viz. That of our Saviour's Birth of the Virgin Mary and the Four Books against the Greeks were put out by Father Dacherius That of our Saviour's Birth in the Fourth Tome of his Spicilegium which came out Anno 1655 and the Four Books against the Greeks in the Second Tome of the same Collection Printed in 1657. Johannes a Surnamed Scotus or Erigena from Ireland his Countrey All the Ancients assure us that this Author was a Scot Hincmarus speaking of him L. 1. de Praedest c. 31. has these words Auctor jactitatur à multis Joannes Scotigena Anastasius the Library-keeper Joannem imò Scotigenam And Pope Nicholas in a Letter to Charles the Bald Quidam ut Joannes genere Scotus The other Authors of that Time that Wrote against him call him John Scot or simply Scot. And 't is well known that in those Times Ireland not Scotland was called by the Name of Scotia Trithemius gives him the Name of Erigena or Eringena which imports the same with Scot Ireland in the Language of his Country being called Eri or Erin Surnamed Scotus or Erigena from Ireland his Native Countrey Johannes Scotus Erigena had likewise a great share in the Contests about the Eucharist and Grace He came into France about the beginning of the Reign of Charles the Bald b He came into France in the beginning of the Reign of Charles the Bald. In 851. he had already raised his Reputation so high that he was consulted about the Question of Predestination as we have already observed which is an Argument that he was come hither before that Time that is about the beginning of Charles his Reign But 't is not likely that he did not come with Alcuinus to Found the University of Paris or that he was a Disciple of Beda as some Authors have pretended because he died not till about the year 870. And being a Man of Parts and Learning a good Peripatetick and well skilled in the Greek Language which few People were then well acquainted with in these Parts c He became in a little time very eminent Pope Nicholas says of him That he was a noted Man in the University of Paris These are his words Aut certè Parisiis in Studio cujus jam olim capital fuisse perhibetur Certain it is that Charles had a singular esteem for him by whom he was Consulted about the Question of the Eucharist as he was by Hincmarus and Pardulus about the Doctrine of Predestination c. he got himself a good Fame and was accorddingly regarded by the King who had a particular respect for Learned Men. But having introduc'd some Errors for which he was Cited by Pope Nicholas I. who Writ to Charles the Bald to send him to Rome or to expel him from the University of Paris in which he made a good Figure he took a dislike to France and d Withdrew or Flâ—d into England Quare Haereticus putatus est says Simeon Dunelmensis cujus Opinionis paâ—ticeps fuisse dignoscitur Nicolaus Papa qui ait in Epistolâ ad Carolum Relatum est Apostolatâ—i nostro c. Propter hanc ergo Infamiam taeduit eum Franciae c. Matthew of Westminster and William of Malmesbury speak much to the same purpose Pope Nicholas I. being dead in 868. if Scot was forced by his Letter to return into England he must have gone thither towards the year 864 which however does not agree with the Tâ—stimony of those Authors who affirm That he was called thither by King Alfred who did not begin to addict himself to Learning till after the year 880 and that he was Companion to Grimbaldus who quitted France not till after that year it appearing by a Charter that he was yet residing in his Abbey Anno 880. withdrew into England about the year 864 where he died e About the year 874. Anastasius the Library Keeper in a Letter to Charles the Bald dated the 10th of the Calends of April Anno 875. speaks of him as of a dead Man Which is another Argument against those Mens Opinion who make this Scotus a Tutor to King Alfred and Companion to Grimbaldus What Death he died is a Thing very uncertain The forementioned Historians and many others say That he suffer'd Martyrdom and that he was slain by Children that Stabbed him to Death with Pen-knives But William of Malmesbury the first who related this Story which was convey'd from him to the rest speaks dubiously of it 'T is true he relates certain Verses made in honour of John the Sophister Written upon a Monument of Malmesbury-Church where it is said That he died a Martyr but there is no certainty whether that John the Sophister be the Person we speak of or another Man But this is certain that neither Berengarius nor his Scholars who have so much magnified John Scot never contended for his Martyrdom Nor does it appear that those Authors who were Contemporary with him or that Writ soon after his Death did ever give him the Title of a Martyr 'T is possible the Abbot of Etheling's Death who was Stabb'd by some Assâ—ssins imploy'd by his Monks might be appâ—ly'd to John Scot so that by disguising the Story in some measure he might be supposed to be the Man who was with Pen-knives Stabbed by Scholars And by dating his Martyrdom on the 4th of the Ides of November the day on which another John Scot a Bishop was killed Anno 1060 three distinct Johns will be blended into one with the Epithet of Sophista proper to our Scot that of Martyr proper to the Abbot of Etheling and the Day of the Bishop's Death However we Read in the Book of English-Martyrs and also in a Roman Martyrology Printed at Antwerp in 1586 these Words Eodem Die speaking of the Fourth Day of the Ides of November Sancti Joannis Scoti qui Graphiis Puerorum confossus Martyrii Coronam adeptus est But there 's no such Thing to be found in all the other Roman Martyrologies The Reason why I dâ—te not his Death before the year 874 is because in some Greek and Latin Verses Written upon an
Agobard's Works There are also two other Letters of this Popes one upon the Affair of Adlricus Bishop of Mans whose cause he would have had brought before him and in the mean time his Title of Bishop to cease And the other upon the Deposing of Ebbo which he disapproves of and condemns of Violence This Pope's Letters are in Tom. VII of the Councils Sergius the II. succeeded Pope Gregory the IV. in the year 844. We have but one Letter of this Pope's by which he makes Drogo Bishop of Mets his Vicar general in the Countries on the other side Sergius II. of the Alps in consideration that he was Uncle to the Children of Lewis the Godly and besides was very fit for that Office He gives him power to Assemble the National Councils of all that Country to examine the Cases of those that shall appeal to the Holy See and to prepare those of Abbots and Bishops He forbids any to Appeal to Rome that have not first had their Case Examined in a Provincial Synod or in that of the Vicar General because an Affair may be better understood in a place where it is Transacted than any where else This Letter is Directed to all the Bishops on the other side the Alpes 't is written with a great deal of weight and worth This Letter is Printed in Tom. VII of the Councils p. 1799. Leo the IV. was chosen Pope after the death of Sergius the II. the twelfth of April in the year 847. He Governed the Church of Rome eight years three Months and some days during this Leo IV. time he wrote divers Letters but there are but two of them come to us entire and it is not very certain they are his The first is a short Letter Directed to Prudentius Bishop of Troyes by which he commands him to Consecrate an Abbey for Ademarus and his Monks which was to depend upon the Holy See The second is sent to the Bishops of England who had consulted him upon many Articles and particularly about Simoniacal Bishops he orders that such should be tryed in a Council He afterwards gives them a satisfactory Answer to their other Questions Concerning the first he says 1. That the Hierarchy consists of Bishops and Clergy-men 2. That every Bishop is to govern his Diocess by his Priests and other Clergy and make his Visitations 3. That Priests ought not to be obliged by them to carry the Eulogies to the Councils 4. That Charms are a sort of Witchcraft 5. That no Body ought to Marry his Kinswoman That the Bishops ought to regulate their Judgments by the Canons of the Councils and the Decrees of the Popes Silvester Fericus c. but might also make use of the Authorities of St. Jerom St. Austin and St. Isidore We have some Fragments of a Letter of Leo against Nomenocus Duke of Britain of another to Lotharius in which he refuses the Pall to the Bishop of Autun and of a third to Hincmarus concerning the Council of Soissons Lastly There is a Discourse attributed to this Pope Directed to the Priests and Bishops containing a great many Instructions relating to their Ministry and Duty All these Letters of Pope Leo are put into the VIII Tome of the Councils p. 30. Benedict the III. of that name was chosen in July 855. after the death of Leo the IV. His Election Benedict III. was opposed by a Priest called Athanasius who through the favour of the Commissioners of the Emperour possest himself of the See and Palace of Rome he also put Benedict into Prison But at last such as espous'd Athanasius's Cause were forc'd to yield and to Depose him themselves and to acknowledge Benedict This Pope was but two years and an half in the Papal Seat and we have but two Letters of his One to Hincmarus concerning the Council of Soissons and the Privileges of the Church of Rheims and the other to the Bishops of Charles's Kingdom by the which he Cites to Rome Hubert Son of Boson who had quitted his Profession of a Clergy-man and liv'd a lewd and irregular Life There are also two other Letters attributed to this Pope One to confirm the Privileges of the Abbey of Corbey and another to ratifie those of the Abbey of S. Denis But since these Writings are doubtful and particularly the last we shall insist no longer upon them These four Letters are printed together in Tom. VIII of the Councils Nicholas the first Son of Theodorus a Roman was Ordain'd Sub-Deacon by Pope Sergius and Deacon by Pope Leo the fourth He acquired a great Reputation under the Pontificate of Benedict the Nicholas I. third He was chosen after the death of this Pope by the Clergy and Grandees of Rome to his See in the Year 858. and was Consecrated in presence of the Emperour Lewis the 22th of April He had at the beginning of his Pontificate a Difference with John Arch-Bishop of Ravenna against whom many had brought Complaints to the Holy See He cited him three several times to a Synod of Rome But this Arch-Bishop not appearing he Excommunicated him John upon this had immediate recourse to the Emperour who was then at Pavia and afterwards came to Rome with some Officers which that Prince sent to accompany him The Pope told those Officers That they ought not to joyn themselves with one that was Excommunicate and at the same time cited John to the Synod that was to be held in November But instead of obeying John immediately left Rome The Senators of Ravenna and the People of Aemilia prayed the Pope to come himself in Person to Ravenna to reform the Disorders that John had caused there He went and restored to the People of Aemilia and Pentapolis the great Riches that John and his Brother had got into their possession John fled to Pavia to beg the assistance of the Emperour Lewis but this Prince counselled him to submit to the Pope and to reconcile himself to him Which he did and the Pope gave him Absolution from the Heresie of which he cleared himself and received him again into his Communion And upon the Complaints of the Bishop and People of Aemilia he order'd him to come every year to the Synod at Rome To Ordain no Bishops but such as were chosen by the Duke Clergy and People and whose Election was first confirm'd by the Holy See To permit the Bishops of Aemilia to come to Rome when they pleased To exact nothing of them and not to seize upon any Revenues under pretence that they belong'd to him till it was plainly determined by the Holy See or Commissioners from it that they did really belong to him This Decree of the Pope was approv'd of by the Synod This Affair was follow'd by many others of greater Consequence which Nicholas maintain'd with a great deal of Courage and Vigour The principal are the Intrusion of Photius and the unjust Deposing of Ignatius The Divorce of Thietberga The Deposing of Rolhadus
their own Hands reading and prayer 7. He prohibits Incestuous Marriages with Nuns or near Relations 8. He recommends Peace and Union 9. He enjoyns the Observation of the Solemn Fasts of Lent of the Ember-Weeks of Wednesday and Friday and the Celebration of Divine Service on Sundays and Festivals Lastly He recommends the payment of Tythes There is also a Pastoral Letter written by this Archbishop and directed to his Suffragans which is related by William of Malmsbury Edmund being kill'd in the year 946. his Brother Elred took possession of the Throne We have An Assembly of Bishops at London A. C. 948. no Laws enacted by this Prince only the Charter of a considerable Donation made by him to the Monastery of Crowland in favour of Turketulus who had been formerly Chancellor of the Kingdom and to whom he gave that Abbey This was done in an Assembly of Bishops and Lords held at London in the year 948. After the death of Elred which happen'd in 955 Edwin the Son of Edmund was proclaim'd King but sometime after part of England Revolting Edgar the Brother of Edwin got a share of his Dominions and upon his Brother's Death obtain'd the sole Possession of the whole Kingdom This Prince being more Religious than his Predecessors entirely re-establish'd the Purity of Discipline in the Church of England and brought the Monastical Course of Life into Repute by the Advice of S. Dunstan who may be call'd the Restorer of thâ— Ecclesiastical Discipline in England This Saint was born in the Country of the West-Saxons in the first year of King Ethelstan's Reign A. C. 923. He enter'd into Holy Orders very young and after having compleated his Studies S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury made application to Athelm Archbishop of Canterbury who introduc'd him into the Presence of King Ethelstan Afterward having fall'n into some disgrace at Court he retir'd to Elfeg Bishop of Winchester who advis'd him to embrace the Monastical Life which he accordingly did and continued in his Retirement till the Reign of King Edmund when he was invited to Court by that Prince He did not remain long there without being obnoxious to the Envy and Hatred of several Persons who misrepresented him to the King insomuch that he was oblig'd to retire to his Solitude of Glassenbury where he took up his Abode altho' he was restor'd to the Favour of King Edmund who had always a great respect for him granted considerable Revenues to his Monastery and continu'd to follow his Counsels not only in the management of Civil Affairs but also of Ecclesiastical He was no less esteem'd by King Elred who determin'd to nominate him to the Bishoprick of Winchester but Edwin having receiv'd a severe Reprimand for his Irregularities from this Abbot banish'd him and pillaged his Monastery However King Edgar recall'd him immediately after his Accession to the Crown and made him not only Bishop of Winchester but also conferr'd on him the Government of the Church of London At last the Archbishoprick of Canterbury being vacant in the year 961. by the death of Odo Elfsin Bishop of Winchester who was appointed to supply his place dying in a Journey he made over the Alps to Rome to fetch the Pall and Berthelim who was substituted in his room having refus'd to accept that Dignity Dunstan was Invested with it a few days after and went to Rome to receive the Pall. At his return he apply'd himself altogether to the Reformation of the Clergy of England and took upon him to Expel all those who refus'd to lead a Regular Course of Life and to Restore the Monks to their former Station This Saint had for his Fellow Labourers and Imitators of his Zeal Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester and Oswald Bishop of Worcester who founded a great number of Monasteries and took much pains in Reforming the Clergy and Extirpating the Vices that were predominant in England The former dyed in the year 984. before S. Dunstan who foretold his approaching Death as well as that of the Bishop of Rochester in a Visit which those two Prelates made him but the latter did not dye till after this Archbishop viz. in the year 992. As for S. Dunstan he surviv'd King Edgar who dy'd in 975 and maintain'd the Right of the young Prince Edward against the Pretensions of Alfride who endeavour'd to transfer the Crown to her Son Ethelfred but Edward being Assassinated Three years after by the Treachery of that Queen Dunstan was constrained to Crown Ethelfred and foretold the Calamities that should befall England and the Family of this young Prince as a Punishment for his Crime and that of his Mother At last S. Dunstan dy'd laden with years and honour A. C. 988. In his time and apparently by his Direction King Edgar in 967. not only publish'd Laws like to those of his Predecessors for the preservation of the Revenues of the Church for the Payment of Tythes and S. Peter's Pence and for the Solemn Observations of Sundays and Festivals but also divers Ecclesiastical Constitutions relating to the Manners and Functions of Clergy-men to the Celebration of the Mass to the Confession and Pennances that ought to be impos'd on those who commit Sin c. Indeed these Canons may serve as a kind of Ritual for the Use of Curates It is affirm'd that they were made in the year 967. by King Edgar but this does not appear to be altogether certain and perhaps they are of a later date The Discourse which this King made to Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury and to Oswald and Ethelwold Bishops of Worcester and Winchester is much more certain He there inveighs against the Irregularities and Disorders of the Clergy and pathetically Exhorts those Bishops to joyn their Authority with His to repress their Insolence and to oblige them to apply the Ecclesiastical Revenues to the Relief of the Poor for which Use they were design'd To the end that this Order might be put in Execution he granted a Commission to those three Prelates to take the Matter in hand and gave them power to turn out of the Churches such Clergy-men as liv'd dissolutely and to Substitute others in their room By virtue of this Injunction S. Dunstan held a General Council A. C. 973. in which he ordain'd A general Council of England in the year 973. that all the Priests Deacons and Subdeacons who would not lead a sober Life should be Expell'd their Churches and caus'd a Decree to be made to oblige them to Embrace a Regular and Monastick Course of Life or to Retire And accordingly these three Bishops turn'd the old Clergy-men out of most part of the Churches and put Monks in their place or else forc'd them to assume the Monastical Habit. S. Dunstan did not only shew his Constancy and Zeal with respect to the Clergy but was also as zealous in treating Kings and Princes For he sharply reprov'd King Edgar for abusing a young Maid whom he had sent for out of
Bishop of Parma to be Elected Pope who was acknowledg'd as such by the Bishops and Princes on the other side the Alpes He intending to take Possession of the the Papal Chair by Force sat down with an Army before Rome but was beaten off by the Forces of Godfrey Marquis of Tuscany and of Matilda his Wife who had enter'd into the Interests of Alexander This first attempt proving very unsuccessful he return'd a second time with greater strength and became Master of the Town Leonina and of the Church of S. Peter but he was outed thence also and his Forces put into such a Consternation that he himself had like to have been taken and was forced to throw himself into a Castle from whence he very narrowly made his Escape by giving Mony to those who Besieg'd him Some time after Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne who had the greatest hand in the Administration of the Affairs of Germany ever since the Empress Agnes was remov'd being come into Italy and alledging that the Election of Pope Alexander was invalid because it was carry'd on without the Emperor's Approbation and because he lay under a suspicion of having given Mony for to be Elected It was agreed upon to call a Council at Mantua to adjust this difference Alexander and Cadalous met there with Peter Damien Hildebrand and several other Bishops of Italy Lombardy and Spain Alexander did there very stiffly defend his Election Cadalous had not the face to maintain his pretended Right and so withdrew The former likewise clear'd himself by Oath of the Accusation of Simony which was lay'd to his Charge so that Anno and the Bishops of Lombardy acknowledg'd him alone to be Lawful Pope But the Emperor's Prerogative was preserv'd for the future and Alexander was oblig'd to Pardon Cadalous and to make Guitbert Grand Signior of Parma Chancellor to King Henry and formerly the Popes greatest Enemy Arch-bishop of Ravenna This Council was held in the Year 1064. and put an end to a Schism which would have been the Cause of very great disturbances in the Church of Rome if it had continued as it had begun The year before Alexander had held a Council at Rome consisting of above One hundred The Councils under Alexander II. Bishops wherein he had reviv'd the Decrees of his Predecessors Leo IX and Nicholas II. against those who were guilty of Simony against those who kept Concubines against such of the Laity who seiz'd on the Revenues of the Church against those who Marry'd their Kindred till after the seventh Degree and against the Apostate Clergy and Monks This is only a renewal of the Council held under Nicholas II. In two other Councils held at Rome the year following Alexander Condemn'd those who maintain'd that the Degrees of Consanguinity ought to reach no farther than to Cousin-Germans which he calls the Heresy of the Nicolaitans He likewise Condemn'd those who had maintain'd that one may without being guilty of Simony give Mony to Princes to be instituted into the Revenues of the Church He makes use of Peter Damien to confute these Errors and sent him to Milan to reform the Clergy of that City into France to relieve the Monks of Cluny and to Florence to put an end to the Schism of the Church belonging to that City Whilst Peter Damien was employ'd in Reforming the Church Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome who had the sole Administration of Affairs relating to the Holy See made use of his utmost endeavours to advance the temporal Power thereof With the Assistance of Godfrey Marquiss of Tuscany and the Princess Matilda he repuls'd the Normans of Pozzuolo and oblig'd them to surrender several places He engag'd several Lords of Burgundy and France to bind themselves by Oath to defend the Church of Rome He exhorted William Duke of Normandy to take upon him the Kingdom of England vacant by the Death of King Edward Lastly From the Pontificate of Alexander he began the Contest with King Henry about the Right of Investitures and caus'd him to be cited to Rome upon that Subject We attribute all this to Hildebrand because 't is evident that it was he who Govern'd under the Name of Alexander II. who led a reserv'd and a retir'd Life and spent more of his time at Lucca and Mount Cassin than at Rome However he dy'd in that City April 22. in the Hear 1073. Since this Pope was eleven Years and some Months on the Chair we may very well expect The Letters of Alexander II. a great many Letters written in his Name We have Five and Forty of them compleat and the Fragments of several Acts related by Ives of Chartres and by Gratian His First Letter is directed to the Clergy and Laity of Milan whom he exhorts to lead a Christian Life The Second is directed to Harold King of Norway whom he exhorts to own the Arch-bishop of Breme as Vicar of the Holy See and to submit to him as such He reproves him for that the Bishops of his Kingdom were either not Consecrated or else had given Mony to be Consecrated By the Third directed to the King of Denmark he demands of that Prince the payment of what was due from that Kingdom to the Holy See By the Fourth directed to the Arch-bishop of Dalmatia and Sclavonia he sends him the Pall and gives him some Instructions concerning his Office The Fifth is the Decree of the Council of Rome of which we have already spoken In the Sixth directed to Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims he writes to him against Cadalous congratulates him of the endeavours he us'd for the extirpation of Simony and intrusts him and the Arch-bishop of Sens with the Tryal of the Bishop of Orleans who was Charg'd with Simony and orders him to turn out the Abbot of S. Medard of Soissons Excommunicated long before and to Elect another in his Place This Letter is follow'd by a Decree made at Milan by two Cardinal Legats of the Holy See against the Clergy who were either guilty of Simony or kept Concubines The Seventh Letter is directed to the Bishops of Denmark whom he injoyns to be present at the Synod held by the Bishop of Hamburgh In the Eighth he exhorts William King of England to pay him the Peter-pence which were due to him In the Ninth he grants to Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne a Privilege which he had beg'd of him in the behalf of a Monastery The Tenth is directed to William King of England He exhorts him to take into his Protection the Ecclesiasticks of his Kingdom and advises him to follow Lanfrank's directions to whom he committed the Determination of the Bishop of Chester's Cause and of the Dispute on foot between the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishop of Dorchester In the Eleventh directed to Landulphus he determines that the Man who had Vow'd to take upon him the Monastick Life and had forc'd his Wife to consent to it ought not to be made a Monk till she should give
And Lastly Of disposing absolutely the Affairs of that Kingdom without minding whether the King concern'd himself with the defending of them or with vindicating the Liberty of the Churches of France So that these Bishops were oblig'd to go to Rome to beg the Pope's Favour for their re-establishment and upon such Terms as he saw fit which Gregory did not scruple to grant them There are a great many Instances of this Nature and the Seventeenth Letter of the fifth Book furnishes us with a great many For Hugh Bishop of Dia having cited to a Synod which he held at Autun the Arch-bishops of Rheims Besanson Sens Bourges and Tours and having inflicted several Penalties upon them because they had not made their appearance they were forc'd to wait upon the Pope who absolutely re-establish'd the Arch-bishop of Rheims and the rest upon condition that they would clear themselves before his Legat. This is what he orders by the foremention'd Letter dated March the 9th in the Year 1078. That Legat having excommunicated the Bishops of Paris and Chartres they went likewise to Rome and obtain'd a favourable Sentence from the Pope See the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Letters of the ninth Book But Gregory was not satisfied with taking Cognizance of the Ecclesiastical Affairs of France he likewise endeavour'd to make them his Tributaries as he had made England and all other Countries 'T is upon this Account that he wrote to the Bishop of Albania and the Prince of Salerno his Legats in France that they acquaint all the French and enjoyn them in his Name that each House pay at least a Penny every Year to S. Peter as an acknowledgment of his being their Father and Pastor He pretends that Charlemagne rais'd every Year upon his Subjects a Tax of Twelve hundred Livres for the use of the Church of Rome and that he had offer'd Saxony to the Holy See These are two such Matters of Fact as are only grounded on the imagination of Gregory VII This is the Three and twentieth Letter of the eighth Book This is what relates to the Kingdom of France we now proceed to what concerns England The Letters of Gregory relating to England which met with a little better Treatment from Gregory because King William took care to ingratiate himself with him by a seeming Submission and Respect That Prince to give him some signs thereof took care to send him a complimental Letter on his Advancement to the Popedom wherein he declares to him That tho' he was very sorry for the Death of Alexander II. yet he was as glad to see him in his Place Gregory answers him by the Seventieth Letter of the first Book dated April the 4th 1074. wherein he tells him That he is oblig'd to him for the Affection which he express'd towards him and exhorts him to demonstrate the Submission which he bore to the Holy See by its Effects At the same time he acquainted him of the dangers to which the Church of Rome was expos'd He confirm'd the Privilege of the Monastery of S. Stephen and recommended to that Prince to take care of the Revenues which the Church of Rome possess'd in England He wrote likewise to Matilda Queen of England the Seventy first Letter by which he exhorts her to persevere in Virtue and to give her Husband good Counsel By another Letter written to the Bishops and Abbots of England dated August the 28th in the same year he exhorts them to come to Rome to his Synod and to put in Execution the Ecclesiastical Laws concerning the Marriages of Kindred This Letter is the First of the second Book The King of England would not suffer the Bishops of his Kingdom to go to Rome This very much displeas'd the Pope who complain'd of it by the First Letter of the seventh Book directed to Hubert his Legat who was sent into that Kingdom to Collect the Peter-Pence He therein presses that Legat to return with all speed and orders him to admonish the King of England to pay and cause to be paid the Deference which is due to the Holy See withal threatning him if he did not do it he should incur his Displeasure He orders him to prevail upon the Prelates of England and Normandy to send to Rome to the approaching Synod at least two Bishops out of each Arch-bishoprick This Letter bears date September the 23d 1079. The Three and twentieth and the Four and twentieth Letters of the same Book dated April the 25th and May the 8th in the Year 1080. are full of Exhortations to the King of England to bear a due Submission to the Church of Rome and to Govern his Kingdom with Justice and in the fear of the Lord. The Six and twentieth is a Letter of Compliment to the Queen of England and the Seven and twentieth a Letter to Robert the Son of the King of England whereby he exhorts him to be subject to his Father and to follow his Advice In the Fifth Letter of the ninth Book he order'd Hugh Bishop of Dia to restore the Bishops of Normandy which he had depos'd for not appearing at his Synod This he did that he might not exasperate King William who paid greater Deference to the Holy See than any other Prince And he order'd him to behave himself more tenderly towards that Prince's Subjects and to grant Absolution to the Soldiers which had kept back some Tithes Part of Spain being as we said before in the Hands of the Moors Gregory VII from thence The Pretensions of Gregory VII upon Spain took an occasion of becoming Lord of those Countries which could be taken from these Infidels To this purpose he pretended that the Kingdom of Spain formerly belong'd to the Holy See and that tho' the Pagans had since seiz'd upon it yet the Right of the Holy See was not thereby disannul'd because no Prescription can take place to the prejudice of the Church 'T is upon the account of this pretension that he granted to Ebold Count of Rocey all the Country which he could recover from the Barbarians upon condition that he would hold it in Fee from the Holy See and pay him a certain Duty He likewise granted the same Donation to those who would assist that Count or undertake the same Thing upon the same Conditions And that this Agreement might be put in execution he gave Orders to Cardinal Hugh the White to go into Spain and wrote to the Princes of Spain to aid the Count of Rocey This is the Subject Matter of the Sixth and Seventh Letters of the first Book dated April the 30th 1073. Gregory VII had not only a design of bringing the Provinces of Spain which were newly Conquer'd under his Subjection but likewise sought to establish an absolute Dominion over the ancient Churches of that Kingdom It was upon this account that he wrote the Sixty third and fourth Letters of the first Book to Sancho King of Arragon and to Alphonso King of Castile recommending to
Barbarity and Corruption of Manners till at last the Death of Edward the Confessor who left no Issue compleated the ruin of the Kingdom Affairs being in this posture William Duke of Normandy passing over the Sea subdu'd it in the Year 1066. having kill'd Harold in Battel who had taken possession of the Throne after the decease of King Edward and caus'd new Laws as well Ecclesiastical as Civil to be establish'd throughout his Dominions He prohibited his Subjects to acknowledge any Pope without his leave and to receive any Bulls from Rome till they were shewn to him Neither would he suffer the Arch-bishop of Canterbury tho' styl'd Primate of all England to make any Constitutions in his Councils which were not conformable to his Inclination and that were not before concerted with him Lastly he forbid that any of his Barons Lords Ministers of State or Officers should be excommunicated without his Order In the fifth Year of his Reign Lanfranc Abbot of St. Stephen at Caen was ordain'd Arch-bishop of Canterbury and went a little while after to Lanfranc Arch-bishop of Canterbury Rome with Thomas Arch-bishop of York and Remigius Bishop of Lincoln to obtain the Pall of Pope Alexander II. who receiv'd them with particular marks of his Esteem and Friend-ship The next Day Lanfranc accus'd both these Bishops who accompany'd him upon account of their illegitimate Ordination by reason that one was the Son of a Priest and the other had given a certain Sum of Money to King William for his Bishoprick The effect of this Accusation was that the two Prelats resign'd their Pastoral Staves and Rings into the Hands of the Pope who gave these Ornaments back again to them upon Lanfranc's request This Arch-bishop upon his return from Rome with the Pall took much pains in re-establshing the Churches of England and maintain'd their Rights and Revenues against the Secular Powers with so great efficacy that neither King William I. nor his Son William II. thought fit to make any attempt upon them as long as he liv'd but after his Death the latter caus'd all the Ecclesiastical Revenues belonging to his Dominions to be register'd and having computed what was requisite for the maintenance of the Monks re-united the rest to the Demeans of the Crown letting them out to Farm every Year to those who offer'd most but in order to get an absolute Power over the Churches when the Bishops dy'd he left their Sees vacant and enjoy'd their Revenues That of Canterbury was vacant above five Years till King William falling dangerously Sick sent for the Abbot Anselm and invested him with that Arch-bishop against his Will This Saint was the Son of Gondulphus and Ermemberga and was born at Aosta on the Alps A. D. 1033. After having compleated his Studies and having travell'd for some time in St. Anselm Arch-bishop of Canterbury Burgundy and France he embrac'd the Monastick Life at the Age of 27 Years in the Abbey of Bec and put himself under the Tuition of Lanfranc Prior of that Monastery when the latter was made Abbot of St. Stephen at Caen about three Years after he was substituted in his room and in like manner succeeded Herluin Abbot of Bec who died in 1078. St. Anselm took some Journeys into England whilst he had the Government of that Abbey by which means having given special Proofs of his extraordinary Abilities in this Kingdom he was chosen Arch-bishop of Canterbury March 6. A. D. 1093. and was consecrated on the fourth Day of December following Then he went to salute the King and offer'd him the Sum of Five hundred Pounds towards carrying on the War which that Prince undertook against his Brother Richard to recover the Dukedom of Normandy The King at first seem'd to be well satisfy'd with this Present but some of his Courtiers insisted that it was not sufficient and that if his Majesty would signify his dissatisfaction never so little to the Arch-bishop as much more might be got from him Therefore the King sent him word That he was unwilling to receive the Money which was proffered by him as being too small a Sum The Arch-bishop after having entreated him to accept of it refus'd to give any more and withdrew from the Court. However some time after he went to meet the King at Hastings just before his departure for Normandy and deliver'd his mind freely to him concerning the Reformation of the Churches of England and the necessity of calling a Council for that purpose The King was not well pleas'd with what he said and made another demand of Money but the Arch-bishop refusing even to disburse what he had proffer'd at first incurr'd his high displeasure and was oblig'd to retire with Precipitation Upon the return of this Prince he begg'd leave to go to Rome to receive the Pall from the Hands of Pope Urban II. but the King denying his Request told him that 't was not customary in his Kingdom to acknowledge any other Person as Pope than him whom he and his Prelates should think fit to approve and having afterwards held an Assembly of Bishops and Lords for that purpose it was declar'd therein that Urban II. should not be acknowledged Whereupon St. Anselm having undertaken to vindicate that Pope all the Prelates except the Bishop of Rochester resolv'd as well as the King no longer to own him as Primate or Arch-bishop He preferr'd a Petition that he might have leave to depart out of England but it was rejected nevertheless a delay was propos'd till Whitsontide which being accepted of by him he was left at liberty to return to Canterbury yet he was no sooner arriv'd there but his most faithful Friends and Servants were made Prisoners or Banished In the mean while the King sent two Clergy-men to Rome to endeavour to bring over Pope Urban to his Party and to make himself Master of the Pall The Pope sent back the Bishop of Albano with the two Clerks who manag'd the business so well that he perswaded the King to cause Urban to be own'd nevertheless this Legate could not be induc'd to consent to the deposing of Anselm At last the King perceiving himself not to be able to accomplish his design either to cause him to be depos'd or to oblige him to do what he requir'd was reconcil'd with him by giving him the Pall which Urban's Legate had brought for his use St. Anselm liv'd in quiet for some time whilst the King pass over into Normandy which Dutchy was resign'd to him by his Brother Richard but at his return a resolution was taken to exact a great Sum of Mony of the Arch-bishop who to avoid the Storm sued for a permission to go to Rome but not being able to obtain it notwithstanding his reiterated sollicitations at three several times he departed without leave and embark'd at Dover from whence he pass'd into France and afterwards taking a Journey to Italy went directly to Rome in the Year 1098. where he was joyfully entertain'd
by Pope Urban but his Residence in that City being inconvenient by reason of the excessive Heats he retir'd to a Village near Capua where the Pope soon gave him a Visit upon his arrival at the Siege of Capua which Place was invested by Roger Duke of Apulia After the raising of the Siege the Pope held a Council at Bari in which St. Anselm assisting disputed earnestly against the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost and entreated the Pope and the Bishops not to excommunicate the King of England When the Council was concluded he accompany'd the Pope to Rome and some Days after the King of England to whom Urban had written that he ought to re-establish St. Anselm in his Metropolitan See sent thither an Ambassador who obtain'd a Demurrer till the Festival of St. Michael St. Anselm being inform'd of the matter determin'd to go to Lyons but the Pope oblig'd him to stay in order to be present in a Council which was to be held at Easter in the Year 1099. Thus he resided during six Months at Rome and was very highly esteem'd in that City The Writer of his Life observes that certain English Men who came to visit him being desirous to Kiss his Feet as it was usually done to the Pope's he would not sufâ—er them to do it and that the Pope admir'd his Humility in that particular Lastly St. Anselm having assisted in the Council of Rome A. D. 1099. in which Laicks who took upon them to give Investitures and those Clergy-men who receiv'd them from their Hands were excommunicated he took leave of the Pope and retir'd to Lyons where within a little while after he was inform'd of the Death of Urban II. and afterward of that of William II. King of England which happen'd in the Month of August A. D. 1100. Henry I. his Successor immediately recall'd St. Anselm to England where he was no sooner arriv'd but he had new contests with that Prince about the Investitures and the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy which he refus'd to take Forasmuch as this Affair was regulated at Rome it was requisite that the King should make application to that Court to endeavour to cause the Resolution which had been taken there to be chang'd However St. Anselm reâ—us'd to ordain the Bishops who had receiv'd Investiture from the King and nothing could be obtain'd from Rome Afterward this Arch-bishop being perswaded by the King to take a Journey to Rome to find out some Expedients for the adjusting of that Affair went thither accompany'd with an Ambassador Upon their Arrival the Matter was debated A. D. 1105. in the presence of Pope Paschal II. to whom the Ambassador peremptorily declar'd That the King his Master would sooner be prevail'd upon to part with his Kingdom than with his right to the Investitures The Pope reply'd That he would sooner lose his Life than suffer him to retain it However at last it was agreed upon That the King of England should enjoy certain Privileges which were in his possession but that he should lay no manner of claim to the Investitures Therefore the Excommunication which he was suppos'd to have incurr'd by granting the Investiture of Benefices was taken off but it was ordain'd That those Persons who had receiv'd them from his Hands should remain excommunicated for some time and that the giving them Absolution for that Offence should be reserv'd to St. Anselm The Affair being thus determin'd the Ambassador and St. Anselm set forward in their Journey but when they were arriv'd near Lyons the Ambassador declar'd to him in his Master's name that he was forbidden to return to England unless he would promise him to submit to the Custom which prevail'd in that Kingdom without having any regard to what had been ordain'd to the contrary by the Pope St. Anselm refusing to enter into such an Engagement stay'd some time at Lyons and having pass'd from thence into Normandy at last came to an Accommodation with the King of England on condition that the Churches which King William II. had first made subject to the Payment of a certain Tax should be exempted from it and that his Majesty should restore what he had exacted of the Clergy and every thing that was taken from the Church of Canterbury during the exile of the Arch-bishop After this Agreement which was concluded A. D. 1106. between the King and the Arch-bishop at Bec Abbey St. Anselm return'd to England was re-establish'd in his Arch-bishoprick and enjoy'd it peaceably till his Death which happen'd three Years after in the 16th since his advancement to that Dignity and the 76th of his Age A. D. 1109. St. Anselm is no less famous for his Learning and the great number of his Writings than for his Conduct and the Zeal he shew'd in maintaining the Rights of the Church The largest Edition of his Works is the last published by Father Gerberon and it is that which we shall follow being divided into three Parts The First of these containing Dogmatical Treatises bears the Title of Monologia that is to say a Treatise of the Existence of God of his Attributes and of the Holy Trinity It is so call'd by reason that it is compos'd in form of the Meditations of a Man who reasons with himself to find out Divine Truths and who explains them accordingly as they are discover'd by him It is a very subtil Work and contains a great Number of Metaphysical Arguments He continues to Treat of the same Subject and observes the same method of Writing in the Prostogia where the Person who reason'd with himself in the first Work making his Addresses to God Discourses of his Existence Justice Wisdom Immensity Eternity and of his being the Summum Bonum or Soveraign Good A certain Monk nam'd Gaunilon having perus'd this Treatise could not approve the Argument which St. Anselm makes use of therein to prove the Existence of God taken from the Idea of a most perfect Being We have says he at least the Idea of a most perfect Being therefore this Being of necessity Exists Gaunilon not being able to comprehend this Argument which seems to be a Sophism or meer Fallacy to those who are not endu'd with a sound and penetrating Judgment to discern the force of it wrote a small Tract on purpose to refute it in which he objects every thing that is most subtil and plausible to overthrow this Ratiocination St. Anselm return'd a very solid Answer in which he enervates his Adversary's Objections and makes it appear that his Argument is Rational and Convincing The Treatise of Faith of the Holy Trinity and of the Incarnation Dedicated to Pope Urban II. was written against a French Clergy-man nam'd Rocselin Tutor to Abaelard who undertook to prove That the three Persons of the Trinity are three different Things because otherwise it might be said That the Father and the Holy Ghost were Incarnate St. Anselm being as yet Abbot of Bec began a Treatise to confute
who were ordain'd during the Schism 70. A Prohibition to receive several Orders on the same Day 118. The Age requisite for Admission into Orders 72 119. A Punishment inflicted on those who procure Ordination for Money 119. A Constitution enjoining Abbots Deans and Arch-Priests to enter into Priests Orders 58. P PAle a sort of Linen Covering for the Chalice the Reason of its Use 94 95. Pall the Metropolitans oblig'd to desire it of the See of Rome 66 and 126. The Archbishops and Bishops to whom it was granted in the Eleventh Century 12 15 23 29 61 70 and 92. Allow'd only to those who went to Rome to fetch it 15 65 and 91. Deny'd to an Archbishop of Tours 5. Paschasius Robertus his Sentiments concerning the Eucharist approv'd 7 8 and 9. Those of Joan. Scotus his Adversary condemned ibid. Pax Vobis That the Bishops were wont to say Pax Vobis in the time of Peter Damian 95. Penance Constitutions about it 44 58 73 and 74. Declared false unless it be proportion'd to the Quality of the Crimes 44. Abbots forbidden to impose Penance without the Consent of their Bishops 58. And Monks without that of their Abbots 123. Of those that are undergone to expiate the Offences of others 90. Causes of the Relaxation of Penance 126. Pentecost See Whiâ—sontide St. Peter and St. Paul why the Images of the latter are set on the right Hand and those of St. Peter on the left 97. St. Peter's Abbey at Chartres a Contest about an irregular Grant made to that Monastery 3. Peter Archbishop of Narboâ—ne excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII 43. Peter the Hermit the Effect of his Remonstrances for a Crusade 74. Peter pence exacted by the Pope of William II. King of England 30. A Constitution about the Payment of them 122. Philip I. King of France his Contests with Pope Gregory VII 48. The Threats and Reproaches put upon that Prince by the same Pope ibid. Philip is divorc'd from Bertha and marries Bertrade 73. Pope Urban II. reproves the Bishops of France about that Marriage 72. The King is excommunicated on that account in the Councils of Auâ—un and Clermonâ— 73 His Absolution reserv'd to the Pope 72. He is absolv'd in the Council of Wismes 75. Pilgrimages their Use approv'd by Peter Damian 91. Poland the Advice given by Pope Gregory VII to the Dukes of Poland 51. Pontius Bishop of Beziers for what Reason depos'd 56. Popes of their Spiritual and Temporal Authority 25. What Pope caus'd the changing of their Names at their Ordination to be authoriz'd by an express Law 23. Different Opinions about the time when their Names were ras'd out of the Diyptichs or Registers of the Greek Church 81 and 82. The unjust Pretensions of the Popes 126. The Infringements made by the Court of Rome of the Authority of the Ordinaries and of the Liberties and Immunities of the Churches ibid. That they are liable to be surpriz'd â—13 That they ought not to be obey'd when they forbid the doing of Good 101. The manner how they ought to proceed in granting Absolution to Offenders excommunicated by the Bishops 113. The Election of Popes reserv'd to the Cardinals 27 and 126. A Constitution about that Affair 27. Of the Right of the Emperors in their Elections 92 93. What may occasion the Shortness of their Life 96 A Prohibition to pillage the Revenues and Estates of the Popes after their Death 27. The Establishment of their Temporal Sovereignty in the City of Rome 126. Power a Distinction between the Regal and the Sacerdotal Power 87. Praxeda Empress her Declaration against the Emperor Henry III. her Husband 73. Presenâ—s That they are not to be receiv'd indifferently from all manner of Person 87. Priesthood of the Dignity and Duties of that Function 96. Priests what Punishments is incurr'd by those who celebrate Mass without communicating 5 and 6. They cannot be admitted into nor turn'd out of a Church without the Bishop's Consent 76. Nor become Vassals to Laicks ibid. Disputes between the Greeks and Latins about the Marriage of Priests 77 and 78. See Clergy-men and Clerks Primate the Title of Universal Primate forbidden to be attributed to any but the Bishop of Rome 114. Procession of the Holy Ghost of his Procession from the Father and the Son 92. Maintain'd by Peter Damian 97. And St. Anselm in a Council 92. A Treatise written by that Saint on the same Subject 94. Pudicus Bishop of Naâ—â—es depos'd in a Council for succeeding his Father in that Bishoprick 115. Q QUietists the Errors of that Sect observable in Simeon the Younger 107. R RAdâ—lphus Duke of Suabia See Rodolphus Rainier Bishop of Orleans a Contest between him and his Chapter 64. The Pâ—pe's Threats denounc'd against him ibid. Saâ—zon chosen in his place ibid. Râ—inier a Priest a Vision seen by him 87. Ravishers Punishments to be inflicted on them 75. Reginald Bishop of Cumae receives a Letter from Pope Gregory VII 34. Relicks the Latins accus'd of not shewing due Respect to them 81. Testimonies to the contrary 82. Those of St. Matthew found by a Bishop 6â— St. Remy the Dedication of his Church at Rheims and the Translation of his Body 114. Repentance Constitutions about it 44 58. 73 and 74. Declar'd Counterfeit unless proportion'd to the Quality of the Offences 44. See Penance Restitution that of other Mens Goods ordain'd in a Council 74. Revenge condemned in Clergy-men by Peter Daâ—iaâ— 87. Reveâ—ues of the Church of their Original 88. The Alienation of them forbidden ibid. Of their Use 6 75 88. Constitutions against Laicks who seâ—ze on them 28 and 29. Those who usurp them liable to Excommunication 3 30 43 and 75. A Custom that was us'd for the preserving of them condemn'd by Peter Damian 87. Church-Revenues cannot be recover'd by the Donors 75 and 76. An Ordinance about the Possession of them by Abbots 44. Richard Duke of Capua an Oath of Allegiance exacted of that Prince by Pope Gregory VII 54. Richerus Archbishop of Sens how he oppos'd an Attempt made by the Pope's Legate 58. A Penalty impos'd on the Archbishop for refusing to acknowledge the Primacy of the Metropolitan of Lyons 59. Rituals of the Difference between those of Clergy-men and those of Monks 94. Robert Abbot of Rebais a Contest about his Election and Ordination 58. He is excommunicated and another is substituted in his room ibid. Robert Count of Flanders the Restitution of the Church-Revenues made by that Prince 71. His Absolution reserv'd to Hugh Bishop of Die 58. The time of his Death 71. Rodolphus Duke of Suevia imploy'd by Pope Gregory VII to negotiate a Reconciliation with the Emperor Henry III. 34. He himself is chosen and crown'd Emperor of Germany 42. He besieges and takes Wurtzburg but loses that City a little after 43. The ill Success of his Arms in the War that he maintain'd against Henry 44. The Pope confers on him the Empire of Germany 45. He is defeated in Battel and dies of his
the Trinity may be call'd Three Things ibid. Trisagion the Addition of certain Words to the Trisagion condemned 55. Truce of God What 76. Constitutions about it ibid. and 119. V V All Ombrosa the Institution of that Order 127. Vatican the Donation of Pope Leo IX in Favour of that Church 26. Vâ—ndosme a Privilege granted to the Abbey of Vendosme 31. The Reconciliation of the Monks of that Abbey with those of St. Aubin at Anger 's 72. Vessels Laicks forbidden to meddle with consecrated Vessels 47. They ought not to be sold unless for the Relief of the Poor 6. Nor put to prophane Uses ibid. Vestments those usually worn by Priests and Deacons during the Celebration of Mass 124. Vezelay Abbey a Confirmation of its Privileges 22. Victor II. Pope a Miracle which happen'd in his Favour 26. Victualling-Houses Clergy-men forbidden to frequent them 123. Virgin Mary of the Devotion paid to her 96. The Institution of her Office for all the Saturdays of the Year 127. Of the Usefulness of that Office 94. Virgins not allow'd to marry before they have attain'd to the twelfth Year of their Age 75. Vitalius Bishop of Ragusa put in Prison by the People of his Diocess who substitute another in his room 65. Summon'd to Rome with his Competitor to have their Cause try'd there if it cannot be determined upon the place by the Pope's Legate ibid. Unleavened Bread the Cause of it in the Eucharist condemned by the Greeks 76 77 80 and 81. Authoriz'd by the Latins 77 78 and 80. Vows of the Obligation to perform them 97. Vâ—adislaus Duke of Bohemia the Concessions by Gregory VII in his Favour 61. The Advice given him by that Pope ibid. Urban II. Pope a Miracle that happen'd for his Cure 70. Uâ—sio Bishop of Soissons when and by whom depos'd 58. Usury the Practice of it forbidden to Clerks and Laicks 115. Absolutely condemned in Clergy-men 58. W VVEddings Priests forbidden to be present at them only whilft they give the Benediction 124. Weeâ— the Office of the Holy Week 117. Westminster the Privileges of that Church confirmed 28. Wicelin Archbishop of Mentz a Disputation between him and Gebehard Archbishop of Saltzburg for and against the Emperor Henry 47. His Ordination declar'd null ibid. His Opinions condemned ibid. He is excommunicated in a Council ibid. William I. King of England excited by Hildebrand to invade this Kingdom 29. His Conquest of it 91. The Laws he caus'd to be enacted ibid. He is exhorted to follow Lanfrank's Advice 30. Peter-pence demanded of him ibid. The Homage that Gregory VII requires of that Prince with Menaces 49. He refuses to take an Oath of Fidelity to the Pope 15. William II. King of England his Conduct with Respect to the Churches of his Dominions 92. The Troubles that he created to St. Anselm ibid. and 93. The time of his Death 93. William Archbishop of Auche for what Reason excommunicated and depos'd 56. Absolv'd and reinstall'd by Pope Gregory VII ibid. William Archbishop of Roan suspended from the Episcopal Functions till he obtain the Pall 66. William a Monk of Evrou a Proposition advanc'd him against Berenger 8. Wills See Testaments Wiquier Archbishop of Ravenna depriv'd of his Archbishoprick 91. Witnesses That the Testimony of Eye and Ear Witnesses ought only to be admitted 124. Women Clergy-men forbidden to keep unchaft Correspondence with them 124. Young Women not allow'd to marry before they are twelve Years old 75. Y YVues Bishop of Chartres See Ives FINIS A NEW Ecclesiastical History Containing an ACCOUNT of the CONTROVERSIES IN RELIGION THE LIVES and WRITINGS OF Ecclesiastical Authors AN Abridgment of their Works And a JUDGMENT on their STYLE and DOCTRINE ALSO A Compendious HISTORY of the COUNCILS AND All Affairs Transacted in the Church VVritten in FRENCH By Lewis Ellies du PIN Doctor of the SORBON VOLUME the TENTH Containing the HISTORY of the TVVELFTH CENTURY LONDON Printed for Abel Swal at the Unicorn in Pater-Noster-Row and Timothy Child at the White-Hart in St. Paul's Church-Yard MDCXCVIII THE PREFACE THis Tenth Volume contains the entire History of the Twelfth Century tho' that be larger than the Preceeding by reason it contains a greater Number of Authors than the Ages before it some whereof may be Compared to the greatest Lights of the Church We here find the Empire and the Church at Difference The Church of Rome disturb'd by Obstinate Schisms The Popes at War with the Emperours The Kings and Bishops in Dispute about their Rights The Dignity of the Sacraments and the External Worship in Religion as also its Principles are attack'd by Monstrous and Ridiculous Heresies Scholastick Divinity becomes the common Study and the Body of the Canon Law such as it is at Present was form'd and establish'd in this Twelfth Century The Church is stock'd with abundance of Monastick and Regular Orders The Immunities and Exemptions of the Revenues of the Church and Ecclesiastical Persons are vigorously supported by the Bishops and maintained by the Decrees of Councils And Finally the Manners of Ecclesiasticks and the External Ceremonies of the Church are reform'd in this Age by several very useful Regulations This is what the Reader will find in the History and Extracts of the Authors and Councils of the Twelfth Century which we Publish in this Volume A TABLE of the CONTENTS CHAPTER I. OF the Life and Writings of Ivo Bishop of Chartres Page 1 The Life of Ivo of Chartres 1 His Letters 2 His Pannormia or Decretal 22 His Sermons 23 The Chronicon ascribed to Ivo of Chartres 23 The Editions of his Works 23 CHAP II. AN Account of the Church of Rome under the Pontificate of Pope Paschal II. Gelasus II. and Calixtus II. containing the Rise Progress and Conclusion of the Contests between the Holy See and the Empire about Investitures 22 The Election of Pope Paschal II. Ibid The Death of Guibert The Antipopes who succeeded him Ibid The Designs of Pope Paschal II. against the Emperour Henry 24 The Council of Rome under Paschal II. against the Emperour Henry 24 Henry V. rebells against his Father 24 The Convent of Northusa in the Year 1105. Ibid The War between the two Henries Ibid Henry IV. is cast into Prison and Depos'd 25 Henry IV. retires to Liege and there publishes a Declaration 25 The Reply of his Son Henry to this Declaration 25 The Death of Henry IV. 25 The Council of Guastella in the Year 1106. 25 The Contest between the Pope and the Emperour about Investitures 25 The Reasons alledg'd by the Deputies of the Emperour for Investitures 25 The Reasons alledg'd by the Pope's Deputies 26 The breaking off of the Conference about Investitures Ibid The Council of Troyes in the Year 1107 Ibid The Emperour 's Journey into Italy Ibid The Treaty between the Pope and the Emperour Ibid The Pope and Cardinals arrested by the Emperour's Order Ibid The Pope grants the Right of Investitures to the Emperour 27 The Emperour's Return into Germany 27
being design'd for the Church under the Protection of the Holy See In the Sixth directed to the Clergy of Tours he confirms the Excommunication pronounc'd by his Legat against Fulcus Earl of Anger 's by reason that he did not break the Marriage between his Daughter and William Son of Lord Robert The Seventh is a Confirmation of the Privileges granted the Abbey of Cluny by his Predecessors The Three following relate to the Legateship of Cardinal John de Creme into England The Last Address'd to the Bishops of the Province of Tours to exhort them to Observe the Decrees of the Council of Nantes The Letters of Innocent II are very many In the First he confirms the Judgment of the Council of Jouare against the Associates of Thomas The Letterâ— of Innocent II. Prior of St. Victor as likewise against those of Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans adding several Punishments which were before Omitted By the Second he gives all the Lands which the Princess Matildis enjoy'd in Italy and which she had left to the Holy See to the Emperor Lotharius and Henry Duke of Bavaria his Son in Law on condition that they swear Fealty and do Homage to the Church of Rome and moreover to pay yearly a Hundred Pound in Gold The Third is a Confirmation of the Immunities and Revenues belonging to the Church of Pistoia in Tuscany Address'd to the Bishop of that City The Five Letters following are written to the Patriarch of Jerusalem and Antioch and the other Bishops of the East for Conservation of the Dignity and Rights of Fulcus Arch-Bishop Tyr. In the Ninth he confirms the Grant made by Pope Honorius II. to Roger of the Kingdom of Sicily Dutchy of Apulia and Principality of Capua together with the Title of King The Next following contain the Condemnation of Peter Abaëlard and Arnold de Bresse The Twelfth is a Privilege granted to the Abby of St. Memme In the Three Next he confirms the Power of the Arch-Bishop of Hambourg over the Bishopricks of Denmark Sueden and Norway In the Sixteenth he Admonishes Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roan to comply with the King of England his Master and to permit the Abbots of Normandy to pay Fealty and Homage to him In the Seventeenth he acquaints King Lewis that he is Arriv'd in perfect Health at Cluny By the Eighteenth he commands Geofrey Bishop of Chartres and Stephen Bishop of Paris to restore to Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans and his fraternity the Benefices and Goods that had been taken from them In the Nineteenth he orders the same Bishop of Paris to take off the suspension which he had awarded against the Church of St. Genieveve The Four next relate to the Abbey of Vezelay to which he orders an Abbot and whose Privileges he confirms In the Twenty fourth he commands Alâ—isus Abbot of Anchin to take care of the Church of Arras of which he was Elected Bishop In the Twenty fifth he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Bishop of Bamberg In the Twenty sixth he receives Hugh Arch-Deacon of Arras under protection of the See of Rome The Fourteen Letters which follow concern the Privileges and Revenues of the Abbey of Cluny and in the fifteenth he recommends himself to the Prayers of this Monastery The Forty second is a piece of a Letter wrote to Otho Bishop of Lucca concerning those Witnesses who are related to either Party In the Forty third he acquaints Guigue Prior of the Great Charter-House that he has Canoniz'd Hugh Bishop of Grenoble and farther Commands him to write what he knows of his Life or Miracles There are also five more Letters which belong to Innocent II. and relate to the Affairs of Germany and two concerning the Church of Anger 's The first are at the end of the 10th Tome of the Councils and the two last in the 2d Tome of the Miscellanies of Monsieur de Baluze We have but three Letters of Celestine II. IN the First he acquaints Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny with his Accession to the Pontificate The Letters of Celestine II. In the Second he confirms the Donation of the Church of St. Vincent to the Order of Cluny by the Bishop of Salamanca In the Last he orders the Arch-Bishop of Toledo to restore to the Bishop of Orense some Parishes which the late Bishop of Astorgas had seiz'd upon The Letters of Pope Lucius II. are about Ten. BY the First he gives Peter of Cluny to understand that he has made a Truce with Roger King of The Letters of Lucius II. Sicily By the Second he demands aid of King Conrade against the Italians who were revolted and who had chosen Jordanes for a Patrician In the Third and Fourth he confirms the Primacy of the Church of Toledo over all the Churches of Spain The Fifth contains a Privilege granted to the Abbey of Cluny In the Sixth he submits the Monastery of St. Sabas to the Abbey of Cluny By the Seventh he Commands the Abbot of St. Germain's of Auxerre to discharge the Servants of the Abbot of Vezelay who were Bail for him and he moreover removes the Suit before Godfrey Bishop of Langres In the Eighth he confirms the Judgment given by Pope Paschal against those that had kill'd Artaud Abbot of Vezelay and forbids their being receiv'd any more into any Monastery By the Ninth he orders the Count of Nevers to restore to the Abbey of Vezelay whatever he had taken from it And by the Tenth he enjoyns St. Bernard to warn the said Count from exacting any thing from the aforesaid Abbey The Letters of Eugenius III. are in a far greater number THE First Address'd to Lewis King of France is an exhortation to the Croisade to encourge the retaking Eugenius III. the City of Edesse with all others that had been Conquer'd and in a word to defend the Holy-Land from Invasion He therein confirms all the Privileges granted to the Knightâ— of the Cross by his Predecessor Urban and moreover puts their Wives Children and Estates under protection The Letters of Eugenius III. of the Churches and Bishops then he prohibits any Process being issu'd out in prejudice of the said Knights till they were either Dead or return'd from their Voyage Next his Will is that they be paid Interest for the Money they had Permits them to Mortgage their Estates to the Churches without equity of Redemption warns them not to be at a needless charge about unprofitable Equipage but to lay the most part out in Arms Horses and other Instruments of War And lastly he grants them Remission and Absolution of all their Sins which they shall have Confessed with an humble and contrite Heart By the Second directed to Thibaud Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he Commands and Provides that the Bishop of St. David's shall be subject to the See of Canterbury and likewise requires the two said Bishop's Attendance at Rome the Year following on St. Luke's day that he may Judge farther of the matter The
in his II Tome of Miscellanies has given us a Letter of this Pope's written to the Bishops of Reggio and Foro-Julio whereby he forbids the said Bishops to exact any thing from the Church of Barjole since it was under protection of the Holy See He also Excommunicates the Bishops of these Diocesses for having Interr'd Excommunicated persons in Consecrated Ground There is also a Privilege in favour of the Bishops of the Province of Bourges whereby Eugenius confirm'd the Liberty granted them by the Kings of France and which had been approv'd by the Popes Innocent and Lucius which was that they might be Elected without being Oblig'd to do Fealty or Homage to the Papal-Chair To the Letters of these Popes we may here Add those of Anacletus II. the Anti-Pope which have The Letters of Anacletus II. the Anti-Pope been lately publish'd by Christianus Lupus at the End of his Collection of Letters printed at Louvain in the Year 1682. They are in all 38 whereof the most considerable have been written about his Election which he maintains to have perform'd according to Custom and with the Unanimous Consent of the Clergy of Rome He there Accuses Aimeric Chancellor of the Church of Rome to have been the Cause of his Adversaries being Elected and of the Troubles which Ensu'd These Letters are writ in a good stile and with some sort of Elegance and Force CHAP. IV. The Life of St. Bernard together with his Works SAint Bernard was Born in the Year 1091. at Fontaine a Village of Burgundy whereof his Father call'd Jeschelin was Lord. His Mother nam'd Alethe Daughter to Count Montâ—art had The Life of Bernard 7 Children six Boys and one Girl all which she Educated very discreetly and piously St. Bernard was very much inclin'd to Virtue from his Infancy and took betimes a resolution to retire from the World He also engag'd all his Brothers and several Friends in the same Resolutions who after they had liv'd for some time retir'd in their own houses in the year 1113. met together and went to Cisteaux there to enter into a Monastical Life This Monastery is Situated in the Diocess of Chalons about Five Leagues from Dijon It had been Built about 15 Years before in 1098 by Robert Abbot of Molesme who retreated thither with about one and Twenty Monks who all embrac'd an Austere and Rigid Life But in the Year following Robert being Oblig'd by the Pope's Order to return to Molesme Alberick Prior of Cisteaux was made Abbot who dying in 1109. Steven Hardingve became the Third Abbot He Govern'd this Monastery reduc'd to a small Number of Monks by reason of the Austerity of their Lives when St. Bernard and 30 of his Companions came into it This extreamly augmented the Zeal of this Order which then began to encrease for the first year after the Abby of la Tecté first Daughter of Cisteaux was founded near la Grone in the Diocess of Chalons The year following there was another Establish'd at Pontigni four Leagues from Auxerre and in the year 1115. those of Clairvaux and Morimond were founded in the Diocess of Langres Abbot Stephen sent St. Bernard and his Brothers to that of Clairvaux He chose although he was very Young to govern this Monastery He was Consecrated Abbot by William de Champeaux Bishop of Chalons by reason of the Vacancy of the Episcopal See of Langres The Reputation of St. Bernard's singular Piety and the strict Manner of living in his Monastery drew People from all parts to be Admitted of it Insomuch that in a little time several Monks went out thence to Establish themselves in other Monasteries where they liv'd according to the same Rule That of the Three Fountains was first founded in the Diocess of Chalons in the year 1118. That of Fontenay a little while after in the Diocess of Autun in the Year 1121. Next there was one Establish'd at Foigny in the Diocess of Laon and that of Igny in the Diocess of Rheims and Lastly the fourth Off-spring of Clairvaux was founded in the year 1127. All these Monasteries had for their first founders the Monks of Clairvaux who were all Abbots successively But St. Bernard had a general supervisorship over all the rest The Learning and Virtues of this Saint were too bright to continue long hid within the Walls of a Cloyster for they quickly render'd him so famous in the Church that nothing of Moment pass'd there wherein he was not Employ'd He was call'd to the Councils of Troyes and Chalons held by Matthew Cardinal Bishop of Albani The first in the year 1128. and the second in 1129. The Schism and Factions which hapned in the Church of Rome after the Death of Pope Honorius II. between Innocent and Peter of Leon gave a great deal of Trouble to St. Bernard who was the principal Defender of Innocent for eight years together The King of France before he would declare for either of these Competitors assembled a Convocation of his Prelates at Etampes to examine which of the two had the greater Right To this Assembly St. Bernard was call'd and the sole Decision of so important a matter refer'd to his Judgment Whereupon he gave his Opinion for Innocent II. and all the Assembly acquiesced in it This Pope being thus acknowledg'd by France posted thither with all imaginable diligence and St. Bernard waited on him all along during his stay there He carry'd him from Orleans to Chartres where he perswaded Henry King of England to Acknowledge him From thence he follow'd this Pope into Germany and was present at the Conference his Holyness had with the Emperor at Liege He there spoke with a great deal of freedom to this Prince perswading him to alter his resolutions of requiring the Pope to re-establish Investitures At his Return from Liege His Holyness held a Council at Rheims in the year 1131. which when ended he retir'd to Auxerre after having Visited Cluny and Clairvaux which did not go in Procession before him clad in splendid Ornaments but cloath'd in Course Cloath carrying a homely Crucifix and singing leisurely and modestly Hymns and Anthems The year following St. Bernard accompany'd the Pope into Italy and brought over to him both the Pisantines and Genoeses At length he came with him to Rome whence he was not long after sent into Germany to make Peace between Conrade and Lotharius Having happily Negotiated this Affair he was recall'd to Pisa whither the Pope was forc'd to retire a second time St. Bernard Assisted at the Council which his Holyness held in this City in the Year 1134 after the Conclusion of which the Pope sent him to Milan to reconcile the Milaneze to the Church of Rome He sent also along with him two Cardinals in quality of Legates Guy Bishop of Pisa and Matthew Bishop of Albani and this to the end that they might purge the City of Milan of the Schism which Anselm a favourer of Peter of Leon had spread there
as Sutri to meet Frederic who was arriv'd in Italy accompany'd him to Rome and set the imperial Diadem on his Head A little while after he made Peace with William King of Sicily and granted him the Royal Style of King of both Sicilies In writing to the Emperor Frederick about the Affair of the Bishop of London he incurr'd the displeasure of that Prince by infinuating that the Empire was a Donation receiv'd by him from the Holy See insomuch that the Pope was oblig'd to explain himself in a second Letter and to say that he meant only with respect to his Coronation and Consecration However this did not fail to set them at variance and their Quarrel was inflam'd because his Holiness refus'd to confirm a certain Person whom the Emperor had nominated to be Arch-bishop of Ravenna 'T is also reported that the Pope design'd to excommunicate the Emperor if he had liv'd longer but he died of a Quinsie in the City of Anagnia September 1. A. D. 1159. But his Body was translated to Rome and interr'd in St. Peter's Church After the solemnization of his Funeral Obsequies 23 Cardinals met together and chose at the end of three Days Roland Cardinal Priest with the Title of St. Mark and Chancellor Alexander III. of the Church of Rome who was nam'd ALEXANDER III. But there were three Cardinals viz. Octavian John of St. Martin and Guy of Crema who undertook to carry on another Election and Octavian having obtain'd the Suffrages of the two others assum'd the Quality of Pope and the Name of Victor III. Afterwards he caus'd himself to be Cloathed in the Pontifical Habit took possession of St. Peter's Church by force and set a Guard of Senatours over Alexander and his Cardinals who were confin'd in the Fort during nine Days The latter was remov'd to a Castle on the other side of the Tiber and after having been shut up therein three Days the People began to raise a Mutiny insomuch that he was conducted with divers Bishops and Cardinals a-cross the City to a Place call'd Nero's Victory and there Consecrated The Emperor Frederick was then in Italy besieging Cremona and the two Competitours having made application to him to get their Interest maintain'd he order'd them both to repair to Pavia to take their Trial in a Council Alexander not thinking fit to go thither retir'd to Anagnia and the Emperor in the mean while caus'd the Parties to be summon'd to the Council which he had conven'd The former refus'd to appear but Octavian presented himself according to Order Then the Emperor after having inform'd the Bishops that the Right of calling Councils belong'd to Princes referr'd the Decision of that Quarrel to their Judgment The Council was compos'd of fifty Arch-bishops and Bishops and of a great number of Abbots Victor who was present there without an Adversary carry'd the Cause without any difficulty upon making Proof that he was first invested with the Pontifical Mantle put in possession of the Holy See and acknowledg'd by the Clergy Thus his Election notwithstanding its irregularity was confirm'd by the Council and that of Alexander declar'd null The next Day the latter and his Adherents were solemnly excommunicated We have still in our possession the Acts of that Council held A. D. 1160. with the Synodical Letter of the Fathers assembled therein that of the Emperor that of the Bishop of Bamberg and that of the Canons of St. Peter at Rome concerning the Election of Victor and the Judgment pass'd in his favour They accuse the Cardinals who chose Alexander of having met together even in Pope Adrian's Life-time to substitute Roland in his room and of having carry'd on the last Election in a tumultuous manner Alexander being inform'd of what was transacted against him in the Assembly of Pavia excommunicated the Emperor Frederick The other Princes of Europe were ready to do more Justice to Pope Alexander for Henry II. King of England and Philip II. King of France being persuaded by their Prelates of the equity The Declaration of the Kings of England and France in favour of Alexander of their Cause favour'd him under Hand but not to do any thing rashly in an Affair of that importance they call'd Assemblies of the Prelates of their respective Kingdoms viz. the former at Newmarket in England and the other at Beauvais in France It was agree'd in those Conventions that Alexander's Right was most preferrable but the Princes before they openly declar'd their Sentiments sollicited Frederick to own him as Pope and to abandon Octavian But perceiving him to be altogether inflexible to authorize their Declaration to the best advantage they call'd a general Assembly of the Prelates and Noble-men of their Kingdoms in which the Legates of the two Competitors were also present in order to take a full cognizance of the Cause and afterwards to declare for him who should be acknowledg'd as lawful Pope in that Assembly for hitherto out of respect to the Emperor they did not think fit publickly to espouse Alexander's Cause altho' they were well inform'd of the validity of his Right The matter being debated for some time in the Council it evidently appear'd from the Relation of the Cardinals the Testimony of many Witnesses and even the Confession of those of Victor's Party That the latter seiz'd on the See of Rome by force was Cloath'd in the Pontifical Vestments by Lay-men without any Canonical Form was excommunicated before his Consecration and was chosen by three excommunicated Persons On the other side That Alexander was elected by all the other Cardinals that he might have been immediately invested with the Pontifical Ornaments if he had not at first refus'd to accept of them thro' Humility that he afterwards assum'd them in a solemn manner and receiv'd Consecration from the Hands of those who had a right to administer it It was also made appear That the Emperor declar'd for Octavian a long time before the meeting of the Assembly of Pavia that that Convention was not compos'd of 153 Bishops as his Imperial Majesty gave it out but only of 44 that the Prelates had taken a Resolution to suspend their Judgment and not to own either of the two Competitors as Pope till a general Synod were call'd consisting of the Prelates of divers Kingdoms or till they knew which of them was approv'd by the sound part of the Church that they agreed to give the same Advice to the Emperor but that he could not be induc'd to follow it and that on the contrary he had compell'd the Bishops to confirm him whom he had already receiv'd except 24 among whom was the Bishop of Pavia in whose City that Assembly was held Therefore the Prelates of England and France being well satisfied with these Reasons acknowledg'd Alexander as lawful Pope at the same time Excommunicating Octavian with his Adherents and the two Kings in like manner follow'd the Judgment of the Council The Emperor being inform'd of the
he sought for after the example of his Predecessours who had long ago form'd a Design to bring the Church of Rome under subjection to their Dominion and upon that account favour'd the Schismaticks and excited Divisions in that City That Octavian had absolutely made him the Master of his Fortune that he laid the Marks of the Pontifical Dignity at his Feet and that he afterwards receiv'd from him the Investiture of the Church of Rome by the Ring and Staff causing the Imperial secular Power to triumph over the Priesthood That the Emperor call'd a Council to confirm that Choice and compell'd the Bishops by force to sign a Writing by which they own'd Octavian as lawful Pope That that Writing was full of manifest Untruths and that the Bishops could not by their definitive Sentence render an Election valid that was null in its Original Besides that the Gallican Church which always had the good fortune to maintain Justice and Truth and to afford a Sanctuary to the Popes when persecuted by the German Princes after having examin'd the Elections of Alexander and Octavian in a Council call'd by the King's Order for that purpose had determin'd in favour of the former but that the King had prudently defer'd the Publication of that Resolution by reason of the union between him and the King of England to the end that they might act jointly together That the latter had in like manner sufficiently declar'd on Alexander's behalf in regard that he receiv'd his Letters and more especially protested that he would not own any other Pope having also rejected those of Octavian In the mean while he admonish'd them to take care that Injustice might not prevail over the Truth through the sinister practices of some English Noble-men who gave it out that they were related to Octavian and exhorted them when ever they met together strenuously to maintain the Truth without fear of offending those Opponents In another Letter written to the Cardinals he gives a particular account of divers remarkable Circumstances of the Elections of Alexander and Octavian viz. That the Bishop of Frascati who was the first of the three Electors of the latter being a voluptuous Man took great delight in Feasting and soon retir'd from the Conclave because Dinner-time drew near That one of the two others took it ill that he was deny'd the Office of Chancellor and that the third was Octavian's Kinsman That as soon as those three had given their Votes for him he himself took the Cope and thrâ—w it over his Shoulders with so great Precipitation that that part which ought to lie on the Neck fell to the Ground that he got upon the Papal Throne in that Equipage and that having causâ—d the Doors of the Church to be set open it was immediately fill'd with his Guards who conducted him to the Palace That the King of France call'd an Assembly of the Estates of the Realm as well of the Clergy as of the Nobility to determine which of the two Elections ought to be ratify'd That some were of Opinion that nothing should be done in a hurry about an Affair of that importance and that it ought to be deferr'd for some time longer because it was dangerous to excite a mis-understanding between the King and the Emperor upon that account That they also added that the Church of Rome was always burdensome to Princes that 't was requisite to shake off the Yoke since so fair an Occasion offer'd it self to that purpose that the Death of the two Competitors would put an end to the Contest and that the Government of the Bishops might be sufficient till God should more clearly make known his Will Lastly that the Respect due to the Emperor's Ambassadors who were present and to the King of England whose Sentiments the King of France declar'd himself ready to follow caus'd those Measures to be taken in the Assembly Arnuâ—phus in the end of this Letter advises the Cardinals not to exasperate the King of England by their Threats but to pacifie him since the Obedience of the Kingdoms of England France Spain Ireland and Norway depended on his Declaration Although Arnulphus had done such notable Services to Alexander III. nevertheless that Pope upon the Accusations brought against him by Sylvester Treasurer of his Church and by John Nephew to the Bishop of Seez did not forbear to nominate the Bishops of Mans and Avranches Commissioners to take cognizance of that Cause Arnulphus appear'd before them and William Bishop of Paris and Cardinal was present at the Tryal The Treasurer own'd before the Judges the Falshood of the Complaints that he had made against his Diocesan and promis'd that he would not renew them for the future John still maintain'd what he had averr'd but the Sentence not being favourable to him he appeal'd from that Court to the See of Rome although the Pope gave Commission to the two Bishops to pass Judgment without any Appeal However Arnulphus who upon that account might have exempted himself from going to Rome and might have refus'd to suffer his Cause to be tried again there after having inform'd the Pope of the manner of the Proceedings assur'd his Holiness that he would repair to Rome as soon as it was possible and entreated him to detain John till he arriv'd to shew how that Person and the Bishop of Seez his Uncle have committed a Trespass against the Church and the Holy See He explains this in the following Letter directed to Alexander One of his Relations was sometime Bishop of Seez who substituted Regular Canons in that Church in the room of Secular This Reformation was approv'd by the Popes Honorius II. Eugenius III. and Adrian III. and by Henry II. King of England who made them a Donation These Canons were to have all their Goods in Common according to their Original Institution and the Bishops his Successors were likewise oblig'd before they were install'd to maintain that Settlement The Bishop then incumbent design'd to ruine it or at least to obtain a License of the Pope to confer the Arch-deaconries on Lay-men that he might have wherewithal to bestow on his Nephews and Relations Arnulphus sent word to the Pope That that Bishop palliated his Carnal Affections with the pretence of Piety giving it out That there was not any Person in that Diocess capable of performing those Functions as if the Simplicity of the Canons were not to be preferr'd to the worldly Wisdom of others or in case there were none to be found at Seez worthy of possessing those Benesices some might not be taken out of the Church of St. Victor and St. Rufus He adds that having been Arch-deacon of Seez and educated in that Church he thought himself oblig'd to maintain its Rights and Privileges and that for that reason he judg'd it expedient to certifie his Holiness thereof by a Letter Notwithstanding this Information the Pope granted to the Bishop of Seez a License to Secularize his Arch-deaconry but
vindicates the comparison he made of the different States of the Church to the various Phases or Apparitions of the Moon and maintains that Terms and Maxims of Philosophy and of the Civil Law may be us'd in treating of matters of Religion when it can be done conveniently In the Ninth he reproves one of his Pupils who after having compleated his Philological Studies determin'd to rest for two Years before he apply'd himself to that of Divinity and shews that that negligence would be extremely prejudicial to him In the Tenth written to one of the Chaplains of the King of Sicily against the Design which that Prince had to cause to be install'd in the Bishoprick of Agrigento a certain young Lord who was by no means capable of performing the Functions of the Episcopal Dignity he admonishes the said Chaplain that his Office obliges him to continue to make Remonstrances to the King to hinder him from disposing of the Bishoprick after such a manner In the Eleventh he exhorts a Clergy-man who had solemnly engag'd to embrace the Monastick Life to perform his Vow The Twelfth is a consolatory Letter directed to one of his Nephews afflicted with the Death of his Uncle the burning of his House and a Wound he receiv'd in his Foot In the Thirteenth he reprehends a Young Monk who endeavour'd to get a Priory under pretence that he should thereby have an opportunity of converting more Souls and makes it appear That a Monk ought not to covet Secular Employments nor to aspire to Dignities not to affect to instruct others In the Fourteenth directed to the Chaplains of the King of England he communicates to them certain Reflections that a Fit of Sickness caus'd him to make on the miserable condition of those Clergy-men who are oblig'd to reside in the Courts of Princes of which he gives a very lively Description and exhorts them to follow his Example in quitting that course of Life The Fifteenth is an Instruction to Rainaud newly chosen Bishop of Chartres concerning the Episcopal Qualities and Functions He says That the first thing that is sometimes done is to make enquiry into the Revenues belonging to the Bishoprick and not into the present condition of it He censures the Luxury and Magnificence of some Bishops of his time the pains that they took to heap up Riches and to gratifie Princes and the Secular Course of Life that they lead In the Sixteenth he exhorts a certain Bishop immers'd in the management of many Affairs to make choice of a more quiet manner of Living in order to promote his own Salvation In the Seventeenth he shews That a Clerk who drives a Trade is no less culpable than one that follows Usury and that all manner of inordinate endeavours to get and heap up Riches are unworthy of a Clergy-man In the Eighteenth he gives us a lively description of the Irregularities of a certain Bishop who was addicted to that Vice In the Nineteenth he resolves two Questions which were propos'd to him by one of his Friends who studied the Law at Paris viz. 1. Whether a Woman who turn'd Nun upon a supposition that her Husband was dead be oblig'd to leave the Convent if he return And 2. In case she be oblig'd to follow her Husband whether she ought to assume the Veil again after his Death He answers That the Vow of Chastity made by her being in the Husband's Power is not obligatory and that she ought to return with her Husband and may marry again after his Decease In that Letter there is a remark very advantageous to the Schools of Paris of which he saies that as there was formerly a Proverbial saying that those who had any Question to propose ought to repair to Avila so in like manner at present it pass'd into a Proverb that those who were desirous to have any Question decided need only go to Paris where the greatest Difficulties are fairly resolv'd In the Twentieth he complains That the Domestick Servants of Rainaud Bishop of Chartres remov'd him from the Palace of that Prelate whom he blames for his too great Liberality In the Twenty first he reprehends the haughtiness and arrogancy of a Canon who was formerly one of his particular Friends In the Twenty second directed to John of Salisbury he commends his Constancy and that of Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury and advises them to persevere and not to suffer themselves to be mov'd by any manner of Adversity or Persecutions In the Twenty third written to Octavian the Pope's Legate he declames against the Abuse that was then predominant to fill up the vacant Bishopricks with unworthy and uncapable Persons who obtain'd them by the means of sinister practices or purchas'd them with Money In the Twenty fourth he entreats the Friends of Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury to prevail upon that Prelate to forgive the Arch-Deacon of Salisbury who was desirous to be reconcil'd with him In the Twenty fifth he exhorts an Official to quit that Employment which he looks upon as very dangerous I am apt to believe says he that the Officials were so call'd not from the name of their Office but from the Verb Officio which signifies to be hurtful or to do Mischief For the whole Function of an Official is to sheer and flea at the pleasure of the Bishop the poor Sheep that are under his Jurisdiction They are the Bishop's Horse-leeches that cast up the Blood they have suck'd out and which as it were so many Spunges that being squeez'd restore the Water wherein they were soak'd pour into their Masters Bosom the Treasure that they have extorted insomuch that of all those execrable Purchases they have only left the stain of Sin For that which is thus hoarded up by oppressing the Poor serves to gratify the unruly Appetite of the Bishops and draws Punishments on the Officials who may be well compar'd to those private Doors thro' which the Priests of Bel were wont secretly to convey the Sacrifices that were laid on the Altar of that False God since the Bishops make use of their Hands to pillage the Estates of other Men casting upon them all the marks of Infamy and the whole guilt of those Crimes of which they make the sole advantage The Office of the Officials at present is to confound Right to create Law-suits to disannul Agreements to prolong Trials to suppress the Truth to maintain Falshood to seek for nothing but filthy Lucre to sell Justice to commit all manner of unjust Actions and to devise Cheats and Artifices to deceive the People These are the Men who over-load their Landlords with a numerous Retinue of Attendants and costly Equipages who hunt after dainty Dishes being very prodigal of the Estates of other Persons and as covetous of their own They are very critical in searching out the etymology and signification of Words and make Glosses upon all manner of Syllables on purpose to lay Snares for others in order to drain their Purses They take
a Treatise of the Monasteries and Abbies of Normandy the History of that of St. Michael's Mount a Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles taken from St. Augustin and the History of the Reign of Henry II. King of England Father Luke Dachery has caused to be printed at the end of Guibert's Works the Supplement and Continuation of Sigibert's Chronicle and the Treatise of the Abbeys of Normandy with a Letter written by the said Robert and his Preface to the Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles OTHO OF S. BLAISIUS continu'd the Chronicle of Otho of Frisinghen to the Year 1190. Otho of St. Blaisiue John Brompton Abbot of Jorval JOHN BROMPTON an English Monk of the Cistercian Order and Abbot of Jorval in the Diocess of York is the reputed Author of a certain Chronicle from the Year 588. to 1198. but the learned Mr. Selden assures us that it was not written by him that he only caus'd it to be transcrib'd and that he did not live in this Century Historians of England THE Kingdom of England has brought forth so many approved Authors who have â—mploy'd their Pens in writing the History of their Native Country that they well deserve to be referr'd to a particular Article HENRY OF HUNTINGTON the Son of a marry'd Priest named Nicolas and the Pupil of Albinus Andegavius Canon of Lincoln was made Canon of the same Church and afterwards Henry Arch-deacon of Huntington Arch-deacon of Huntington by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln whom he accompanied in his Journey to Rome He wrote the History of the English Monarchy from its first Foundation till the Death of King Stephen which happen'd in 1154. It is dedicated to the said Bishop Alexander and divided into Eight or Ten Books being contain'd among the Works of the English Writers in Sir Henry Savil's Collection printed at London A. D. 1596. and at Francfurt in 1601. Father Luke Dachery has likewise published in the Eighth Tome of his Spicilegium a small Tract of this Author concerning the Contempt of the World dedicated to Gauterius He there shews how the Things of this sublunary World ought to be contemned relating many Examples of Misfortunes that happen'd to the Great Personages of his Age and the miserable Death of divers profligate Wretches He declares in the Preface to this Tract that he had before made a Dedication to the same Person of a Collection of Epigrams and of a Poem about Love There are also in the Libraries of Oxford and Cambridge several other Manuscript Works of this Author particularly a Letter concerning the British Kings dedicated to Warinus a Treatise of the Counties of Great Britain another of the Image of the World and a Third of the English Saints WILLIAM LITTLE known by the Name of Guâ—iâ—lmus Neubrigensis was born at Bridlington near York A. D. 1136. and educated in the Convent of the Regular Canons of Neutbridge where Gulielmus Neubrigensis he embraced the Monastick Life He compos'd a large History of England divided into Five Books from the Year 1066. to 1197. This History is written with much Fidelity and in a smooth and intelligible Style It was printed at Antwerp A. D. 1567. ar Heidelberg in 1587. and lastly at Paris with John Picard's Notes in 1610. It is believ'd that he died A. D. 1208. WALTER born in the Principality of Wales Arch-deacon and even as some say Bishop of Oxford translated out of English into Latin the History of England composed by Geffrey of Monmouth Walter Arch-deacon of Oxford John Pyke and continued to his time JOHN PYKE wrote an History of the English Saxon and Danish Kings of England and flourished with the former Historian under King Henry I. GERVASE a Monk of Canterbury compos'd several Treatises relating to the History of England which are contain'd in Mr. Selden's Collection of the English Historiographers particularly Gervase Monk of Canterbury a Relation of the burning and repairing of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury an Account of the Contests between the Monks of Canterbury and Baldwin their Archbishop a Chronicle from the Year 1122. to 1199. and the Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury GEFFREY ARTHUR Arch-deacon of St. Asaph was chosen Bishop of that Diocess A. D. 1151. He left his Bishoprick by reason of certain Commotions which happen'd in Wales and retir'd Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph to the Court of Henry II. King of England who gave him the Abbey of Abbington in Commendam Afterwards in a Council held at London A. D. 1175. the Clergy of St. Asaph caus'd a Proposal to be made to Geffrey by the Archbishop of Canterbury either to return to his Bishoprick or to admit another Bishop to be substituted in his room He refus'd to return designing to keep his Abbey but both the Abbey and the Bishoprick were dispos'd of and he was left destitute of any Ecclesiastical Preferment He wrote or rather translated out of English into Latin an History of Great Britain from the beginning to his time which is full of Fables dedicated to Robert Duke of Glocester and divided into Twelve Books It was printed at Paris A. D. 1517. at Lyons by Potelier in 1587. and by Commelin in the same Year it is also inserted among the Works of the English Historians printed that Year at Heidelberg It is reported that he in like manner translated out of English into Latin the ancient Prophecies of Merlin which were printed at Francfurt with Alanus's Observations A. D. 1603. The History of the Church of Durham was written by several Authors the first of whom is Turgot Monk of Durham TURGOT a Monk of that Diocess who compos'd one from its first Foundation to the Year 1096. SIMEON OF DURHAM copied out Turgot's History almost word for word from the Year Simeon of Durham 635. to 1096. and continued it to 1154. He likewise wrote an History of the Kings of England and Denmark from the Year 731. to 1130. A Letter to Hugh Dean of York about the Archbishops of that City and a Relation of the Siege of Durham These Three last Pieces were published by Father Labbé in the first Tome of his Library of Manuscripts The Historians of the Church of Durham by Turgot and Simeon were printed at London with the Works of the other English Historiographers A. D. 1652. WILLIAM OF SOMERSET a Monk of Malmesbury is justly preferr'd before all the other William of Somerset Monk of Malmesbury English Historians His History of England divided into Five Books contains the most remarkable Transactions in this Kingdom since the arrival of the Saxons to the 28th Year of King Henry I. that is to say from the Year of our Lord 449. to 1127. He afterwards added Two Books continuing the History to A. D. 1143. and annexed to the whole Work Four Books containing the History of the Bishops of England from Augustin the Monk who first planted Christianity in these Parts to his time These Works were printed at London
Days the Chaplains shall absolutely abandon the Place They are also order'd to retire in Three Months if they be charg'd with any manner of Servcies and enjoyn'd to get Information when the Booty is brought in whether any of it belong to the Churches or be claimed by Clergy-men All the Vicars and Chaplains are requir'd to take an Oath to observe these Injunctions By this Canon the Inn-keepers and Inhabitants of Towns or Villages are forbidden to entertain excommunicated Persons Church-yards and Ecclesiastical Revenues are exempted from all manner of Rent-charges and Assessments The Excommunication to be inflicted on those who misuse Clergy-men is reviv'd with a Reservation of that Cause to the See of Rome All manner of Converse or Correspondence is prohibited with Persons who lie under a Sentence of Excommunication The â—eans are enjoyn'd to take care that these Ordinances be duly put in execution and to give notice to the Bishop or Arch-deacon of the Trespasses that shall be committed upon them The Abbots Monks Priors Abbesses and Prioresses are likewise free'd from all manner of Rent-charges and Impositions Lastly an Anathema is denounced against Clergy-men and Laicks who shall presume to buy or to sell any Revenues or Possessions which they know to belong to the Church The Council of Cassel in Ireland IN the Year of our Lord 1172. Henry II. King of England having made himself Master of The Council of Cassel in Ireland held A. D. 1172. Ireland call'd a Council at Cassel compos'd of the Prelates and other Clergy of Ireland in which the following Canons were established The First imports That all the Faithful in Ireland shall be oblig'd not to inter-marry with their near Relations but to contract Lawful Marriages The Second That all the Children shall be made Catechumens at the Church-door and shall be baptized in the Church The Third That all the Faithful shall pay to their respective Parish-Churches Tithes as well of Cattel and of the Fruits of the Earth as of their other Revenues The Fourth That all the Church-Revenues shall be exempted from all manner of Taxes and Impositions The Fifth That when a certain Sum is made up that is to say stipulated or agreed to be paid for the Murder of a Person the Clergy-men who are the Heirs of the deceased Party shall not be oblig'd to pay any part of the Fine The Sixth That all the Faithful when faln Sick shall make their last Will and Testament in the presence of their Confessor and that they who have a Wife and Children shall divide their movable Goods into Three Parts One of which shall be allotted to the Wife another to the Children and the Third for the Funeral Expences That if they have no Children they shall leave one Moiety of their Goods to their Wives and if they have no Wife their Children shall have a Moiety The Seventh That a Mass and * A sort of Service for the Dead Vigils shall be said for those who die after having made Confession and that the accustomed Duties shall be paid to them The Eighth That Divine Service shall be celebrated in all the Churches according to the Rites and Customs of the Church of England The Council of Avranches held in the Year 1172. THirteen Canons were published in the Council which was held at Avranches A. D. 1172. by The Council of Avranches in 1172. the Cardinals Theoduin and Albert for the giving of Absolution to Henry II. King of England The First forbids the conferring of Benefices with the Cure of Souls on Children The Second is a Prohibition to bestow on the Sons of Priests the Churches that were possessed by their Fathers The Third is likewise a Prohibition to give part of the Offerings to Laicks The Fourth prohibits the appointing of Churches to be serv'd by annual Vicars The Fifth obliges the Curates of large Parishes to provide a Vicar when they have means to do it By the Sixth the Ordination of Priests without a Title is prohibited The Seventh forbids the letting out of Churches to farm for a Year The Eighth prohibits the depriving the Priests who perform their Functions therein of a third Part of the Tithes belonging to them The Ninth grants a Licence to those Persons who are in possession of Tithes to bestow them on such Clerks as they shall think fit on condition that they shall afterwards return to the Church to which they belong of very good Right The Tenth forbids a Husband to turn Monk whilst his Wife remains in the Secular State unless they be both too old to get any Children The same Thing is forbidden with respect to the Wife The Eleventh advises Fasting and Abstinence during the time of Advent The Twelfth prohibits the placing of Clergy-men as Judges in the Civil Courts of Judicature The Thirteenth determines nothing as to the Estates of excommunicated Persons the Perquisites claimed for the Benedictions of Marriages and Baptism and for the giving of Absolution to those who lye under a Sentence of Excommunication by reason that the Bishops of Normandy refus'd to admit that Decree The Council of London held in the Year 1175. THE Two Henries Kings of England being arriv'd at London met with Richard Archbishop The Council of London in 1175. of Canterbury and the rest of the Prelates of the Realm who held a Council on the Sunday preceding the Festival of the Ascension in which the Archbishop Richard published the following Nineteen Canons The First ordains That they who have enter'd into Holy Orders and keep a Concubine whom they refuse to expel shall be depriv'd of all manner of Ecclesiastical Office and Benefice That the Clerks who are in Orders below the Degree of a Sub-deacon and are married shall not be divorced from their Wives but shall no longer enjoy their Spiritual Livings That they who are Sub-deacons or in superior Orders and contract Marriage shall be compell'd to part with their Wives And lastly That the Sons of Priests shall be uncapable to succeed their Fathers in the Churches possessed by them The Second forbids Clergy-men to enter Victualling Houses to eat or to drink there except when they are travelling on the Road. By the Third Clerks who are in Orders are forbidden to assist at Tryals in Capital Cases The Fourth ordains That the Arch-deacon shall oblige those Clergy-men who wear long Locks of Hair to cut them off and that they shall be cloath'd modestly By the Fifth Bishops are prohibited to ordain the Clergy of another Diocess by reason of the Inconveniences that may arise from that Practice The Sixth forbids the Tryal of Criminals to be manag'd in Churches or in Church-yards The Seventh and Eighth renew the Prohibitions to exact any Thing for the Administration of the Sacraments for the burying of the Dead or for admittance into Orders or the Monastick State The Ninth in like manner forbids the making over of Churches to any Person under Pretence of endowing them as also the exacting of
Treatises of Piety A Treatise of the Recommendation of Faith A Treatise of the Sacrament of the Altar ERMENGARDUS or ERMENGALDUS A Genuine Work A Treatise against the Manichees and other Hereticks of his Time JOHN the Hermit A Genuine Work The Life of St. Bernard BERNARD Abbot of Fontcaud A Genuine Work A Treatise against the Vaudois JOANNES CINNAMUS the Grammarian A Genuine Work The History of the Emperors John and Manuel Comnenus THEORIANUS A Genuine Work Conferences with the Armenians HUGO ETHERIANUS Genuine Works still extant A Tract in Defence of the Latins against the Greeks A Treatise of the State of the Soul ROBERTUS PAULULUS a Priest of Amiens Genuine Works The Books of the Offices of the Church The Canon of the Mystical Offering GERVASE a Priest of Chichester A Manuscript Work A Commentary on the Prophecy of Malachy ODO Abbot of Bel. A Genuine Work A Letter to his Brother a Novice in the Abbey of Igny LABORANT Cardinal Manuscript Works A Collection of Canons A Treatise of Justice Three Letters to Hugh Archbishop of Palermo GEFFREY Prior of Vigeois A Genuine Work A Chronicle of the History of France THIERRY or THEODORICUS a Monk A Genuine Work still extant The History of Norway JOANNES BURGUNDUS a Magistrate of Pisa. Genuine Works A Translation of St. John Damascenus's Treatise of the Orthodox Faith and of Nemesius's Eight Books of Philosophy MAURICE of Sully Bishop of Paris Manuscript Works Sermons for the Sundays of the Year Instructions for Priests CELESTIN III. Pope Genuine Works Seventeen Letters PETRUS COMESTOR Dean of St. Peter at Troyes Genuine Works A Scholastick History Sermons Printed under the Name of Peter of Blois JOANNES PHOCAS a Grecian Monk A Genuine Work still extant A Relation of a Voyage to the Holy Land NEOPHYTUS a Greek Monk A Genuine Work A Relation of the Calamities of the Island of Cyprus A Nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work The Expedition of the Danes to the Holy Land A. D. 1185. DEMETRIUS TORNICIUS A Manuscript Work A Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost JOHN Bishop of Lydda A Genuine Work A Letter to Michael Patriarch of Jerusalem GAUTERIUS a Regular Canon of St. Victor A Work lost A Treatise against the four Labyrinths of France THIERRY or THEODORICUS Abbot A Genuine Work The Life of St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw OGERUS Abbot of Lucedia Genuine Works still extant Fifteen Sermons on the Lord's Supper GODOFREDUS of Viterbo A Genuine Work An Universal Chronicle call'd Pantheon A Manuscript Work A Geneology of all the Kings ROBERT of Torigny Abbot of Mount St. Michael Genuine Works A Supplement and Continuation of Sigebert's Chronicle A Treatise of the Abbeys of Normandy An Epistle and Preface to a Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul Manuscript Works lost A Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul The History of the Monastery of Mount St. Michael The History of Henry II. King of England OTHO of St. Blaise A Genuine Work Acontinuation of the Chronicle of Otho of Frisinghen to the Year 1190. JOHN BROMTON Abbot of Jorval Genuine Works still in our Possession A Chronicle from the Year 588. to 1198. LUPUS PROTOSPATUS A Manuscript Work A Chronicle ALULPHUS a Monk of St. Martin at Tournay A Manuscript Work The Gregorian Decretals the Preface of which was publish'd by F. Mabillon ISAAC Abbot of L'Etoile Genuine Works Sermons A Treatise of the Mind and Soul A Letter concerning the Canon of the Mass. HENRY Abbot of Clairvaux Genuine Works A Treatise of the City of God Several Letters PETER Abbot of Clairvaux Genuine Works Divers Letters GARNERIUS Abbot of Clairvaux Genuine Works still extant Certain Sermons GILBERT of Sempringham Genuine Works Two Books of Constitutions for his Order NICOLAS a Canon of Liege A Genuine Work The Life of St. Lambert SIBRANDUS Abbot of Mariegard in Friseland A Genuine Work The Life of St. Frederick Founder of that Abbey BERTRAND Abbot of La Chaise-Dieu A Genuine Work The History of the Life and Miracles of Robert the first Founder of that Abbey RADULPHUS TORTARIUS A Genuine Work A Book of the Miracles of St. Benedict A nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work still extant The History of Jerusalem from A. D. 1177. to 1190. CHRISTIAN a Monk of Clairvaux A Manuscript Work A Collection of Sermons GAUTERIUS of Chastillon A Genuine Work A Book call'd Alexandreis Manuscript Works Three Books of Dialogues against the Jews THOMAS a Monk of Cisteau A Genuine Work A Commentary on the Book of Canticles GARNERIUS of St. Victor A Genuine Work The Gregorian Decretals ROBERT of Flamesbury A Manuscript Work A Penitential ODO of Chirton Manuscript Works A Summary of Penance Several Homilies JOHN a Carthusian Monk of Portes Genuine Works still extant Five Letters STEPHEN DE CHAULMET a Carthusian Monk of Portes A Genuine Work A Letter to certain Novices WILLIAM LITTLE a Regular Canon of Neutbrige or Neuburg A Genuine Work The Hist of England from the Year 1066. to 1197. GERVASE a Monk of Canterbury Genuine Works A Chronicle from the Year 1122 to A. D. 1199. The Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury A Relation of the burning and rebuilding of the Cathedral-Church of Canterbury A Representation of the Controversies between the Monks of Canterbury and Baldwin their Archbishop GONTHERIUS a Monk of St. Amand. Genuine Works still extant A Poem call'd Ligurinus A Treatise of Fasting and giving Alms. The Life of St. Cyricius and St. Julitta OLIVER of Colen A Genuine Work still extant A Relation of the taking of Damiata RADULPHUS DE DICETO Dean of St. Paul at London A Genuine Work A Chronicle to the Year 1198. GALFREDUS or GAUTERIUS DE VINESAUF A Genuine Work The Itinerary of Richard I. King of England GEORGE XIPHYLIN Patriarch of Constantinople Genuine Works Certain Ecclesiastical Constitutions PETER of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris A Genuine Work still extant A Book of Sentences Works lost A Commentary on the Books of Exodus Leviticus and Numbers Another Commentary on the Book of Psalms PETER of Blois Arch-Deacon of Bath Genuine Works A Hundred and Eighty Three Letters Sixty Five Sermons Sixteen Tracts SYLVESTER GIRALDUS Bishop of St. David's Genuine Works The Natural History of England The Topography of Ireland The History of the Conquest of Ireland by Henry II. King of England The Itinerary of the Country of Wales The Lives of the Saints and Letters RICHARD Abbot of Mount-Cassin A Genuine Work A Continuation of Peter the Library-Keeper's History of the Illustrious Men of Mount-Cassin STEPHEN Bishop of Tournay Genuine Works still extant CCLXXXVII Letters divided into Three Parts Works lost A Commentary on the Decretal of Gratian. Several Sermons THEODORUS BALSAMON Patriarch of Antioch Genuine Works Commentaries on the Canons and the Nomocanon of Photius A Collection of Ecclesiastical Constitutions The Resolution of divers Canonical Questions Answers to the Questions of Mark Patriarch of Alexandria Two Letters ELIAS of Coxie Abbot of Dunes Genuine Works Two Discourses
Paschasius Cent. 9th p. 77. to whom may be added Theodolphus Bishop of Orleans Walafridus Strabo Abbot of Richenou Ahyto Bishop of Basil and Rabanus Mâ—â—rus Archbishop of Mayence who did also oppose the Doctrin of Paschasius in the same Century and particularly Râ—banus in his Penitential which was written in the Life-time of Paschasius censures his Doctrin about the Eucharist as a Novel Error as is prov'd in a Dissertation about Bertram's Book of the Body and Blood of Christ annexed to the Translation of it and printed at London in 1686. I shall only add that the Doctrin of Bertram's Book against Paschasius about the Eucharist appears plainly to have been generally receiv'd by the Church of England in the 10th Century from the Paschal Homily which Elfric Archbishop of Canterbury translated into the Saxon Tongueabout the Year 970. which is published at London in 1566. and attested to be a true Copy by the hands of fifteen Prelats and several Noblemen for this Book was commanded by a Canon to be read publickly to the People as is observed by Dr. Cave Hist. Lit. p. 589. and contains the same Aguments and for the most part the same Expressions which were us'd by Bertram against Transubstantiation as is prov'd by A. B. Usher in his Answer to the Jesuites Challenge c. 3. And that Bertram's Book was directly levell'd against Transubstantiation as it is now defin'd by the Council of Trent will plainly appear by citing a few passages out of many that are in that little Book to this purpose For first he says expresly that the Eucharist is the Body of Christ not Corporally but Spiritually and then he proves That what is Orally receiv'd in the Sacrament is not Christ's natural Body because it is incorruptible whereas that which we receive in the Eucharist is corruptible and visible And again Christ's natural Body had all the Organical parts of a humane Body and was quickened with a human Soul whereas his body in the Sacrament hath neither he proves that the Words of the Institution are figurative because the Symbols have the Name of the thing signified by them 2. He says expresly That as to the Substance of the Creatures what they were before Consecration they remain after it Bread and Wine they were before Consecration and after it we see they continue Beings of the same kind and nature He denies any natural Change and affirms it to be only spiritual and invisible such as was made of the Manna and Water in the Wilderness into the Body and Blood of Christ. These things are so plainly and frequently asserted in this Book that I must Transcribe the greatest part of it if I would produce all the Passages which are to this Purpose and therefore I cannot but wonder to find Du Pin so far mistake the Questions which are handled by Bertram as he does in the Hist. of the 9th Century where he makes the sense of the first Question to be this Whether the Body and Blood of Christ be in the Eucharist without a Veil so as to appear to our outward Eyes and the meaning of the 2d to be no more than this Whether the Body of Christ be in the same manner in the Eucharist as it was on Earth and is in Heaven and Whether it be there in as visible and palpable a manner for it cannot be supposs'd that ever any Man in his Wits should maintain that the Body of Christ in the Eucharist is visible to our Eyes with all its Lineaments and distinction of Parts and that the Flesh and Bones there are palpable to our hands or that the Body of Christ in the Eucharist is both Earthly and Corruptible as it was upon Earth and Spiritual and Incorruptible as it is now in Heaven These are such wild Imaginations as could never enter into the Mind of any Man of sound Senses and therefore Bertram cannot be suppos'd such a Fool as to confute them seriously with many Arguments and that in a Letter to the Emperor which were no less Ridiculous than if a Man should write a Book on purpose to prove that a Man does not appear visibly in the shape and figure of a Horse or a Mouse like an Elephant The main Question of Bertram's Book then is not as Du Piu puts it Whether the Body of Christ be in the Eucharist in as visible and palpable a manner as when he liv'd upon Earth which I believe was never affirm'd by any either in that Age or any other But Whether in the Sacrament we receive the same Body of Christ which was Born of the Virgin Crucified and Rose again supposing what is agreed on all hands that it is not visibly there and this he flatly denies and plainly disproves in direct opposition to Paschasius and the Doctrin of the present Roman Church He says indeed the Elements are truly Christ's Body and Blood but then he explains himself they are not so as to their sible Nature but by the Power of the Divine Word and then he adds the visible Creature feeds the Body but the Virtue and Efficacy of the Divine Word feeds and sanctifies the Souls of the Faithful From which and many other such like Expressions it plainly appears that he did not believe the Sacrament to be a meer Sign and Figure of Christ's Body and Blood but thought they were Really present not in a Carnal but Spiritual Sense 1 In regard of the Spiritual Virtue and Efficacy of them which by the Divine Blessing is communicated to the Faithful in which sense only they can be profitable to the Soul for the Flesh profits it nothing and if Du Pin contends for the Real Presence only in this sense the Church of England will readily grant it which has taught her Catechumens to say that the Body and Blood of Christ are verily and indeed taken and receiv'd by the Faithful in the Lord's-Supper But if he contends for a Corporal Presence of Christ's Natural Flesh and Blood the Doctrin of Bertram is no less expresly against it than that of the Church of England and the latter may as easily be reconcil'd to Transubstantiation as the former And this I have the longer insisted upon both because most of the Writers of that Age whom we have alledg'd against Transubstantiation follow the Principles and make use of the Arguments and Expressions in Bertram's Book and chiefly because this Book seems to have been the Model by which the first Reformers fram'd this Article of the Eucharist for so Bishâ—p Ridley who had a great hand in Compiling this Article intimates as we find in the Preface of a Book De Coena Domini Printed at Geneva in 1556. where he says That it was this Book which first put him upon Examining the Old Opinion about the Presence of Christ's very Flesh and Blood by Scripture and Fathers and Converted him from the Errors of the Church of Rome in this Point which is also affirm'd by Dr. Burnet's History of
the Bishop of Limoges to reprehend and correct the Clergy of his Diocess The three hundred and thirty first is an Approbation of the Order of Premontre and a Confirmation of its Customs and Privileges In the three hundred and thirty second he entrusted the Dean of Lisbon and two Priors to examine the Privilege granted by the Bishop of Coimbra to his Chapter In the three hundred and thirty third he determined That a deaf and dumb Person may marry In the three hundred thirty fifth he suspended the Bishop of Hildesheim for removing to the Bishoprick of Wirtzburg without the leave of the Holy See and deprived the Canons of Wirtzburg of the power of Election for this time for having chosen him The three hundred and thirty sixth is a circular Letter exhorting all Princes and People to take up Arms for the defence of the Holy Land against the Saracens The three hundred and thirty seventh is a Mandate granted to a Clerk for a Canon's place in the Church of Trevisi In the three hundred and thirty eighth written to the Archbishop of Sens he declar'd That in case the Dean and Chapter of Sens had with an Oath fixed the number of Canons before the Pope granted his Mandate to the Clerk then the Mandate should be null and that all the Clerk had to do was to make them come to Rome to maintain their pretended right because says he as we expect to be punctually obeyed when we command any thing so we would not command any thing which is unjust The three hundred and thirty ninth is a Mandate granted to a Clergyman for an Archdeaconship vacant in the Church of Ivrea In three hundred and fortieth he exempts the Chapter of St. Domnin's Burg from the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Parma In the three hundred and forty first to the Bishop of Otranto he advised him to put the Religious of Citeaux into a Chappel and into a Monastry in compliance with the desire of the Earl the Founder of the Chappel and Patron of the Monastry The three hundred and forty second is a Confirmation of a Privilege of Exemption granted to the Church of St. Nicholas du Mont near Narni In the three hundred and forty third he exhorted the Bishop of Lydda to continue his care and preaching in Sicily to promote the raising of an Army for the Recovery of the Holy Land By the next he gave him power to absolve those Excommunicated whose Cases belonged only to the Holy See to remit on condition that they would go in person to the Holy Land In the three hundred and forty fifth addressed to the Prelates of France he recommended to them the Legate whom he had sent into that Kingdom to make peace between the King of France and the King of England and to gain them to assist against the Saracens In the three hundred and forty sixth he gave power to his Legate to summon such English Prelates as he thought necessary to procure the Peace By the following he order'd him to proceed by way of Interdict against the Kingdom of France if King Philip did not take his Wife again within a month He exhorted this Prince to make and conclude the Peace with the King of England in the three hundred and forty eighth Letter In the three hundred and forty ninth written to the Archpriest and Canons of Milan he discover'd a Forgery which had been practised in a Bull by taking the Seal from another Letter and fastning it to this forged one He order'd the punishment of him who was suspected of it and at the same time takes notice of the different ways that the Letters of the Pope might be forged The first is to fasten a false Bull to them The second is to tear the Bull from another Letter and fasten it to a false one by putting another Thread through it The third is to cut one of the sides of the Thread of the Bull and to fasten it to another Letter by joining the Thread together again with Flax of the same Colour The fourth is to slit the Load in two and take out of it one side of the Thread and afterwards to join it together again The fifth is to raze out the writing of the Letters and change them as we please The sixth is to carry false Letters and to mingle them rightly among the others and so get the Bull fastned to them This last sort is the hardest to be found out and cannot be discovered but by the Stile or by the Hand or by the Parchment whereas the others might be found out only by inspection In the three hundred and fiftieth he declared That all Believers might appeal to the Holy See and that no one ought to act against them in prejudice to that Appeal or to proceed against those who would appeal And in the following he says That no one can proceed against a Person who is gone to Rome for this is as it were an appeal in facto and ought to be more considered than a verbal one By the three hundred and fifty second he ordered the Bishop of Ariano to inform about the Election of an Abbot of Benevento that he might know whether it was fit to confirm it or no. In the three hundred and fifty third he exhorted the Emperor of Constantinople to aid the Holy Land against the Saracens and to labour for the union of the Greek and Latin Churches In the next Letter he gave the same exhortation to the Patriarch of Constantinople In the three hundred and fifty fifth he exhorted the Kings of France and England to peace and to furnish out Troops for the assistance of the Holy Land In the three hundred fifty sixth he ordered the Magistrates the People and the Great Lords of the Dutchy of Spoletto to obey his Legate as being Subjects of the Holy See to which the Duke of Spoletto had given up his Estates This same Letter is also written to many other Cities of Italy In the three hundred and fifty seventh he wrote to the King of England about a Chappel which the Archbishop of Canterbury had newly built and had a mind to put Canons into and make his ordinary residence at The Pope is earnestly against this Establishment and exhorted the King of England not to promote it In the three hundred and fifty eighth he recommended himself to the Prayers of the Abbots met together in the Chapter General of Citeaux and desires them to excuse one of their Brothers whom he employ'd to preach in Sicily In the three hundred and fifty ninth he gave order to the Bishop of Ostia to consecrate some Altars which they said were not yet consecrated in obedience to a Vision which a Priest said he had seen in which St. Peter appeared to him many times and ordered him to give the Pope notice that there were a great many Altars which wanted consecration and that he was careful to have them consecrated Innocent says at the end
hundred and fifty first he confirmed the judgment given by the Bishop of Lodi in favour of the Canons of Novara against a private Person who pretended to a Prebend of that Church belonging to him by a Mandate By the four hundred and fifty second he accepted of the Resignation of the Bishop of Urgel and by the next he order'd the Chapter of that Church to proceed to the Election of a new Bishop whom in the four hundred and fifty fourth he recommended to the Archbishop of Tarragon He determined in the four hundred and fifty fifth That a Religious Vow made before the year of probation is valid but that the Abbots ought not to accept of it and that that of a married Person ought not to be accepted except she likewise to whom he is married makes a vow of perpetual continence The four hundred and fifty sixth is written in favour of a Priest who had had some forged Letters of the Pope's given him and had made use of them thinking them true The Pope excused him upon account of his ignorance and order'd the Archbishop of Siponto to put him to no trouble upon this matter In the four hundred and fifty seventh he gave leave to the Abbot and Religious of St. Edmond to get their Church dedicated and likewise to let such Crosses and Images as were not easily taken out remain in their places In the four hundred and fifty eighth he confirmed the Sentence given in favour of the Church of St. Paul about the Privilege of having a Font and baptising which was disputed by the Church of St. Mary of Cervaro near Monte-Cassino In the four hundred and fifty ninth he forbids the Prior and Religious of Durham to do any thing but with the consent of the Bishop of that City which was to them instead of an Abbey In the next he upholds the Bishop of Durham in the right of conferring such Benefices as the Patrons had left vacant By the four hundred and sixty first he order'd the Bishop of Cesena to take off the Censure pronounced against those of that City on condition they would take an Oath to submit to the Pope in those things for which they were interdicted In the four hundred and sixty second he declar'd that Laicks could not under any pretence whatsoever claim the Tithes of Churches In the four hundred and sixty third he confirmed the Orders for the Chapter of Arles and in the four hundred and sixty seventh he forbids the receiving of any Canon into this Church who doth not make profession of the Order of St. Augustin By the four hundred and sixty fourth he gave leave to the Archbishop of Arles to proceed against the Abbot of St. Gervais of Fos who would not obey him and made no scruple to admit those to divine Service whom he had interdicted and to give them Ecclesiastical Burial By the four hundred and sixty fifth he confirm'd the Privileges of the Abbey of Compeigne In the four hundred sixty and sixth he ordered the Suffragans of the Archbishop of Arles to be obedient to him In the four hundred and sixty eighth he gave leave to the Bishop of Chonad in Hungary to give absolution in Cases reserved for the Holy See to the sick and old of his Diocess upon condition that as soon as they were well they should come to Rome In the four hundred and sixty ninth he order'd this same Bishop to make such Deacons and Subdeacons as were married to quit their Wives In the four hundred and seventieth he confirmed the Institution of the Prebends created in the Church of Durham In the four hundred seventy first he forbids plurality of Livings In the four hundred and seventy second and third he forbids the Provost of the Church of Arles to borrow any thing without the consent of his Chapter and would have him give them an account of what he received and what he laid out In the four hundred and seventy fourth he order'd that the Archbishop of Arles should have the disposal of the Personates of his Church and in the four hundred and seventy sixth he advises him to make a Reform in the Monastery of St. Gervais In the four hundred and seventy seventh he order'd the execution of his Mandates for the Canonships in the Church of Xainte In the three next he ordered Peter of Corbeil famous for his Learning and Knowledg to be put in possession of a Prebendary and the Archdeaconry of York which had been given him by that Archbishop The four hundred and eighty first contains a Rule of the Order of Trinitarians which he confirms By the four hundred and eighty second he gave to the Provost of Alba the Privilege of presenting to the Custody of his Church In the four hundred and eighty third he exhorted the Bishop of Poictiers to reform the Churches of his Diocess and gave him power for that purpose By the four hundred and eighty fourth he confirmed the Privileges of the Abbey of St. Peter of Corbie and by the four hundred and eighty eighth and ninth Letters defended them against the Bishop of Tournay The four hundred and eighty fifth is written to the King of England in favour of the Monks of Canterbury who had not been well dealt with by their Archbishop He sends it in the next to the Archbishop of Rouen and the Bishop of Ely that they might give it the King The four hundred and eighty seventh is a Letter of exhortation to Almeric King of Jerusalem The four hundred and ninetieth ninety first second and third are written about the Translation of Maurice Bishop of Nantes to the Bishoprick of Poictiers which the Pope permits and approves of In the four hundred and ninety fourth he accepted of the Resignation of the Bishop of Carcassonne By the four hundred and ninety fifth and sixth he named Commissaries to defend the Privileges of the Church of St. Martin of Tours In the four hundred and ninety seventh he order'd the Bishop of Coventry in England to dispose of the Benefices of those Clergymen that were convicted of Simony and to oblige those who were suspected of it to clear themselves canonically The four hundred and ninety eighth is an Act by which Guy Earl of Auvergne gave a Castle to the Pope and desired his Protection against the Bishop of Clermont his Brother who ravaged his Lands with a Troop of Biscayans In the four hundred and ninety ninth he commended the design which the Archbishop of Colocza had of reforming a Monastry and gives him leave to put Regular Canons into it In the five hundredth he wrote to the King of Hungary to oblige the Sclavonians to pay their Tithes to the Archbishop of Colocza In the five hundred and first he determin'd That no one ought to make a Promise of a Benefice before it is vacant In the five hundred and second he gave permission to the Bishop of Tripoli to stay in that Diocess although he was chosen
Prince of Antioch and desiring the Pope to protect him and send him some assistance against the Saracens The Pope makes answer in the two hundred and fifty third Letter that he will send to his Legates upon the place to judg in all these Differences and that in the mean while he 'll order the Earl of Tripoli not to meddle By the two hundred and fifty fourth Letter he order'd the Lords and People of Armenia to assist their King in making war against the Saracens and by the next he sends him the Standard of St. Peter to encounter the Enemies of the Cross. By the two hundred and fifty seventh he revok'd a Judgment given by the Bishop of Sidon in Syria who was commissioned by the Holy See against the Templers And by the two hundred fifty ninth he order'd the King of England to restore the Templers a Castle which belonged to them In the two hundred and sixtieth he appointed Commissaries to inform of the matters for which the Abbot of Pomposa was accused In the two hundred and sixty first to the Bishop of Rossano he answer'd divers Questions which this Bishop had proposed to him 1. That the Kindred of a Woman might marry the Kindred of her Husband 2. That although a Husband and Wife are Godfather and Godmother to a Child yet they do not thereby contract any such Compaternity as can hinder them from living as Man and Wife 3. That the Latin Priests might neither have Wives nor Concubines 4. That he might force the Abbots and Priests to come to his Synod 5. That the Chaplains of the Castle of Rossano had nothing to do to judg of the validity or invalidity of Marriages In the two hundred and sixty second he gave some Lands to the Judg of the Archbishop of Fermo's Temporal Jurisdiction or his Theologal In the two hundred and sixty fifth he order'd That a Clergyman who had gained a Commission about an Affair that had been decided before by telling a false Story should have no advantage by this Commission In the two hundred and sixty sixth he gave a Lord notice to receive the Legate which he sends him with all due respect The two hundred and sixty seventh is a Mandate for a Canonship in the Church of Breuil In the two hundred sixty eighth and two hundred and seventy second he enjoins the Abbots of Citeaux and Premontre to give the fourth part of the Estates of their Abbys towards the Holy War By the next two he required of all the Bishops of Europe supplies of Men and Mony for that War and of all the Faithful the same in the two hundred and seventy first In the two hundred and seventy third he appointed the Archbishop of Tyre and the Bishop of Sidon his Commissaries to judge in a Suit between the Church of Tripoli and the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem about a Church The two hundred and seventy fifth and sixth are written about the Process concerning the Prebends of the Church of Padua The two hundred and seventy seventh is written about the Election of an Archbishop of Capua by two thirds of the Chapter maugre the opposition of the Pope's Legate and some Canons the Pope found no fault in the form of the Election and because he was not yet satisfied that the Person elected was thirty years old he puts off the Confirmation of the Election and in the mean while till the thing was settled appointed the elected Person who was Subdeacon of Rome to administer both Spirituals and Temporals The two hundred and seventy eighth is also written about the removal of the excommunicated Bishop of Hildesheim because he would without the permission of the Holy See take the Bishoprick of Wirtzburg The Pope gave order to the Bishop of Bamburg to inform whether he observed and was obedient to the Interdict that he might know whether it was fit to pardon him By the two hundred and seventy ninth he confirmed the Institution which the Bishop of Amiens had made of four Religious in a Church In the two hundred and eightieth he advised the Lords and Magistrates of Sicily to labour with his Legate to promote the good of that Realm By the two hundred eighty first he confirmed an Agreement made between the Templers of Sclavonia and the Monastry of St. Cosmus and St. Damienus of the same Country In the two hundred and eighty second he declar'd null a Resignation made for fear of the King of England In the two hundred and eighty third he finished a Suit that had been depending at Rome about the Election of the Bishop of Sutri The four following are the same with some before By the two hundred and eighty eighth he confirmed the new Bishop of Hildesheim who was chosen in the place of him who would remove to Wirtzburg and declar'd null all the Alienations that the latter had made of the Possessions of the Church of Hildesheim In the two hundred and eighty ninth he empowered some Abbots in his name to present to the vacant Prebends of the Archbishoprick of Magdeburg which the Archbishop and Chapter had neglected to fill within the time appointed by the Council of Lateran Monsieur Baluze takes notice after this Letter that this second Book of the Register of Pope Innocent's Letters is not compleat because Roger of Hoveden quotes a Letter of this Pope's of the year 1199 about Giraudus Bishop of St. Davids which is not to be found among these and he adds for a Supplement some Letters which he had taken from divers places The first which is the two hundred and ninetieth of this Book is addressed to the Clergy of the Diocess of Penna in the Province of Abruzzo whom he orders to submit to the Jurisdiction and Justice of the Bishop as well in what respects their Tithes and Incomes as what concerns the Causes of Marriage and Penance The two hundred and ninety first is a Confirmation of the Privileges of the Church of Volterra The two hundred and ninety second is a Protection granted to a Priest In the two hundred and ninety third and fourth he exhorted all the Princes of Germany to labour for the Peace of the Empire and for an Accommodation between Otho and Philip. By the two hundred and ninety fifth he commits to the Bishop of Verceil and the Abbot of Lucedia the Judgment of a Process between the Monks and Canons of Milan The two hundred and ninety sixth is a Confirmation of the Privileges of the Abbey of Mariadura By the two hundred and ninety seventh he takes the Earl of Montpellier into his protection and tells him in the next that he will send him Legates to labour for the destroying of Heresy The two hundredth and ninety ninth and three hundredth are written about the Removals of Bishops He of the Isle of Lesina upon the Coasts of Dalmatia had been required for the Archbishoprick of Zara and before this Demand was admitted in the Court of Rome he had
Saints ought to be applied to us or to be understood in this sense that we pray they may be glorified more and more upon Earth although there are some that think that the Glory of the Saints may be augmented till the day of Judgment and therefore the Church may pray for their Glorification In fine he leaves him to judg whether the Rule of St. Austin about Prayers for the dead may not be applied here The hundred and twenty second to the Emperor of Constantinople who had written to the Pope desiring him to hinder the Latins from invading his Estates to give no Countenance to the Party of Alexis the Son of Isaac the Angel who was gone to desire help of Philip Duke of Suabia to regain the Throne of his Father and not to suffer Philip to be Emperor of the West The Pope answers him that this Alexis had come to Rome to complain of his having deposed his Father and put out his Eyes and kept him in Prison That afterwards he went to Philip and other Christian Princes promising them that if they would reestablish him he would assist them in the Conquest of the Holy Land that he had been consulted about this too but would give no answer till he had heard his Deputies tho many had counselled him to favour the Design because the Greek Church was not yet subject to the Holy See that he was so far from favouring Philip that he upheld Otho in his Pretensions that he exhorted him in token of the respect which he had for him to labour for a Peace The hundred and twenty eighth to William Earl of Montpellier who had by the Archbishop of Arles desired the Pope to legitimate his Children Innocent proves therein first of all that the Legitimation of the Holy See is valid not only in what concerns the Spirituals but the Temporals too and because this Earl alledges the Example of the King of France's Children which Philip had by a Wife whom he took after having left Isemburga to obtain the same favour for those whom he had had by a Wife that was married in the same manner Innocent tells him there is a great deal of difference 1. Because the King of France by his lawful Wife had a Son who was presumptive Heir of the Crown whereas he had no Son by his lawful Wife 2. Because the King of France had no more from the Holy See than what concerned the Spirituals whereas he desired it both for Spirituals and Temporals 3. Because the King had not left his Wife till he was divorced by the Archbishop of Rheims and had these lawful Issue by the other Wife before the Holy See had forbid him to live with her whereas he had observed no Form nor Law in the matter 4. Because the King acknowledging no Superiour in Temporals had submitted himself to the Holy See in this case though perhaps he could have given himself this Dispensation as to Temporals but as for him who depended upon other Soveraigns this Dispensation could not be granted him without encroaching upon their Right and he could not grant it to himself About the end he begins to establish the Power which he had not over the Temporalty of St. Peter's Patrimony only but over that of other States And he concludes that he cannot grant his desire unless he can prove to him that his Fault is less or his Authority greater than it was thought The hundred and sixtieth to the King of England wherein he reproaches him for having forsaken the Party of Otho The hundred and sixty seventh to the Holy Soldiers which is full of Reproaches too about the taking of Zara in Dalmatia which the Venetians had attacked and taken by storm with the help of these Crosses and had divided the Booty of with them Monsieur Baluze has added to these Letters two Privileges granted by this Pope the one to the Monastry of St. Laurence of Aversa and the other to that of St. Paul and St. Peter of Canterbury and some other Letters which had never been printed which serve to clear some of those in this Book namely the Letters and Acts about the Accommodation between the Bishop of Paris and the Abbot of St. Genevieva du Mont confirmed by the Abbot of St. Columbus of Sens and by the Theologal of Orleans in pursuance of a Letter of Innocent's viz. the hundredth and by the Pope himself in a private Letter which Monsieur Baluze speaks of and the Act of the Legitimation of the Children of King Philip the Beautiful of which he spoke in the hundred and twenty eighth Letter The fifth Book is followed by a Collection of Letters which concern the Contest for the Empire between Philip and Otho with this Title The Register of Pope Innocent III. about the Affair of the Roman Empire There are to be found not only the Letters of the Pope upon that Subject but those likewise of the two Contenders and of those of their Parties There are several considerable Circumstances of this History to be learnt there and we may by them see the disposition of the Pope and Princes and the different Motives which made them act on this or that side At first the Pope seems to be neuter and to desire nothing else but that the German Princes would agree and live in peace The first and second Letters Otho writes him a very submissive Letter The King of England and other Princes which were for him write to the Pope in his behalf The fourth fifth and following Letters Those who had chosen him give the Pope an account of his Election and desire his confirmation of it The tenth Letter The Pope answers them in general Terms The eleventh Letter On the other side the Princes of Germany that were for Philip demand of the Pope four things 1. That he would acknowledg Philip for King of Germany 2. That he would do nothing against the Rights of the Empire 3. That he would not refuse to crown him Emperor when he should come to Rome for this Ceremony 4. That he would not make war against Marcovaldus The fourteenth Letter The Pope answer'd them that he is very sorry for the Differences in Germany that he has no design of intrenching upon the Privileges of the Empire that he will give the Crown to him whose Election he shall find to have been according to form but that he cannot favour Marcovaldus who is a Rebel against the King of Sicily and who had seized upon the Lands of the Holy See The fifteenth Letter Philip Duke of Suabia likewise wrote to the Pope by Ambassadors that he sends him The seventeenth Letter And Philip King of France earnestly recommends his Affair The thirteenth Letter The Pope answers the Ambassadors in a full Consistory that it belonged to the Holy See to give Judgment in this difference The eighteenth Otho who found himself the weakest of the two writes very submissive Letters to the Pope and makes offers of peace
into four parts which are four quite distinct Works The Doctrinal which comprehends the Principles of all Sciences beginning at Grammar and ending at Divinity The Historical containing a Universal History from the beginning of the World to the year 1244 The Natural which treats of natural things as of Plants Birds c. and The Moral which treats of the Passions of Law and Grace of the Virtues and of the Vices These Works are nothing but a Collection out of divers Authors as he acknowledges in his Preface The last of them is almost word for word the same with the second Second of Thomas Aquinas's Sum which is very hard to be reconciled with the Chronology of these two Authors for St. Thomas not dying before 1274 and his Sum being one of his last Pieces it is not easy to imagine how Vincent of Beauvais who is supposed to have died in 1256 should have copyed from it The Criticks divide upon the Resolution of this Difficulty some say that perhaps Vincent did not die till 1264 and St. Thomas might before that have composed his second Second which might have been communicated to Vincent others say that this Book of Morals is not the Work of Vincent but that this Author not having meddled with them or what he wrote therein being lost some body put in these Extracts of St. Thomas to make Vincent's Works compleat These Opinions are not very probable for first almost all Authors that have spoken of Vincent of Beauvais make him die in 1256 and if one should suppose that he lived till 1264 it is pretty hard to imagine how he should copy a Work which was then neither published nor finished Besides it cannot be thought that Vincent of Beauvais did not compose a Moral Treatise because he in his Preface tells us that this is one of the parts of his Work and because the old Authors such as Henry of Gand and Trithemius make mention of this very one which begins with the very words that are related by Trithemius for the beginning of Vincent of Beauvais's Work of Morality But then on the other side it appears that the Sum of St. Thomas is all in the same Stile and he quotes the second Second in his other Works whereas the Work of Vincent of Beauvais is a Rhapsody taken from different Authors and it is likewise said that he quotes the Sum of St. Thomas in his Natural Treatise These are the Difficulties that occur and the Conjectures that are brought on each side upon which I shall leave the Reader to make what Reflections he shall think fit not seeing any thing sufficient to determine me on one side or other The entire Work of Vincent of Beauvais is a vast Collection that showeth the laborious diligence of the Author more than his Judgment and Palate His Historical Mirror was printed separately at Nuremberg in 1473 and at Mentz in 1474. The Moral Part at Nuremberg in 1485 and at Venice in 1493. The Doctrinal at Nuremberg in 1486 and all the four Parts at Basil in 1481 at Venice in 1484 and in 1591 and at Douay in 1524 with the Title of The Library of the World Trithemius mentions some other Works of Vincent of Beauvais namely a Treatise of Grace or of the Redemption of Jesus Christ A Discourse in praise of the Virgin and another in praise of St. John the Evangelist A Treatise about the Instruction of Kings Sons and a Consolatory Letter to St. Louis upon the Death of one of his Friends and some other Letters These two last pieces were printed at Basil in 1481. RAIMOND of Pennafort or Rochfort born in 1175 at Barcelona studied in the University Raimond of Rochfort of Bologn and after having taken his Degrees did there teach the Canon Law He was afterwards recalled to Barcelona by his Bishop and made by him Canon and Provost of his Cathedral He left this Dignity in 1218 to enter into the Order of Preaching Friars and was in a short time after chosen by John Algrin Cardinal of St. Sabina Legate in Spain to accompany him in his Embassy Pope Gregory the Ninth being acquainted with his Merit invited him to Rome made use of him in his Affairs and made him his Chaplain his Penitentiary and his Confessor He refused the Archbishoprick of Tarragon but being obliged to return by the advice of his Physicians to Barcelona he was chosen third General of his Order in 1238 and resigned that Dignity within two years to live a simple Monk He was nevertheless industrious for the rooting out the Vaudois and Saracens perswading James I. King of Arragon to set up the Inquisition in his Realm He died in 1275 being a hundred years old He was canonized by Clement VIII in 1601. 'T is he that was the Author of that Collection of five Books of â—â—â—â—â—tals which is in the body of the Law which he made by the Order and with the Approbation of Pope Gregory the IX who recommended it to the Doctors and Students of the University of 〈◊〉 in his own name to serve them for a Rule in their Schools and a Law in their Judgments He likewise made a Sum of Cases of Conscience which was printed at Rome in 1603. It is divided into three parts In the first he treats of Sins committed against God In the â—â—cond of those against our Neighbour In the third of Irregularity of Hindrances to the taking of Holy Orders Dispensations Canonical Purgations Sentences Penances and Absolutions to which is joined a Treatise in reference to Matrimony The greatest part of these Cases he decides by the Authority of the Holy Scriptures the Canons the Decretals or the Fathers and vary rarely by their own Evidence An Example which all that wrote after him upon these Matters ought to have followed Some Authors take notice of a Treatise of his about the Visitation of Diocesses and the care of Souls and another of War and Duelling and another concerning the means of trading without Injustice But these we have none of GILES of Assisi a Companion of St Francis is Author of a little piece intituled Words Giles of Assisi of Gold printed at Antwerp in 1534 and of many other little Works which are no where but in Manuscript He died in 1262. ALEXANDER sirnamed of Hales from the place where he was born which is in Glocestershire Alexander of Hales in England after having gone through the Course of his Studies in his own Country came to the University of Paris where he followed Divinity and the Canon Law and gained such a Reputation in them that he was sirnamed the Irrefragable Doctor and the Fountain of Life In 1222 he entred into the Order of Friars Minims and made Paris the place of his Residence where he died in 1245 on the 27th of August By the Order of Innocent the IV. he made a Commentary upon the four Books of Sentences or a very subtile Sum of Divinity which hath been printed at Nuremberg
out by their Bishop 17. Of the Visitation of the Monasteries of Black-Friars in Germany 120. Privileges granted to the Italian Monks of the Order of S. Benedict 43. The Tokens that William of St. Amour prescribes whereby to discover the false Monks 140 143 Monasteries Constitutions concerning their Cloyster 92. Prohibitions against Building of new ones without the Bishop's leave 113. The leave of turning a Church into a Monastery to be granted by the Bishop 43. Prohibitions against holding Tryals in them 117 The Abbey of Mont-sacre The Differences between this Abbey and that of Calane adjusted by Innocent III. 29 The Church of Montreal The Confirmation of the Privilege of its Arch-Bishop 23 Abbey of Mouzon The Pope's Grant of raising it to a Bishoprick 17 Murder Deprives a Clerk of his Benefices 27. That an involuntary Murder committed by a Clerk do's not deprive him of his Benefices 18. Whether a Priest who is the innocent Cause of a Murder may continue his Functions 39. The Absolution of this Crime reserv'd to the Bishop 132. The Pennance impos'd on a Man who had kill'd his Wife and Daughter 44 Muret. This City Besieg'd by the King of Arragon who lost his Life before it 151 Mysterium Fidei Why these Words were added to the Canon of the Mass 44 N NArbonne A Peace set on Foot in this City between the Croisade and the Albigenses 151 Church of Nephin Restor'd to that of Tripoli 14 New Converts The care the Bishops ought to have of them 111 Nicholas de Bar sur Aube Doctor of Paris The Proceedings of Pope Alexander IV. against this Doctor and several others of his Brethren 138. Is one of the Embassy to Rome 139 The Church of S. Nicholas of the Mount near Narni It s Privilege of Exemption confirm'd 25 29 Notaries What they ought to know in order to be admitted into such an Office 111 Nuncios of the Pope Those who offer them any Injury Excommunicated 134 Nuns Constitutions concerning their Conduct and Duties 93. 102 105. Oblig'd to live in Common 126. That the Nuns who have beaten other Nuns or Clerks may receive Absolution from the Bishop 42 O OAths When forbidden to exact the Oath of Fidelity of Ecclesiasiicks 100. When one is not bound to keep it in Justice 28 Odo of Doway Doctor of Paris The Proceedings of Alexander IV. against this Doctor and several of his Brethren 138. Is sent to Rome with William of S. Amour 139. The Rules for the University which the Pope would have him approve of and made him to execute 140 Offerings That those of private Chappels belong to the Curates 121 Officials The Study requisite for being admitted an Official 111. Of their Duties 127 Orbibarians A Sect of Hereticks and their Errors 149 Ordinations Of the Times of Ordinations and the Qualifications of those who are to be Ordain'd 109 112 117 124 125. The Age prescrib'd for taking Priest's Orders 90 155. And the other Orders ibid. That an Eccesiastick who is the cause of a Murder without being an Accomplice in it may be promoted to Holy Orders 24. That a Man who has lost his Right Hand may not be admitted to take Holy Orders or enjoy Benefices 23. Of the Duties of Bishops in Ordinations 99. That a Bishop who has Ordain'd any Clerks without the Title of a Benefice or a Patrimony ought to provide for their Subsistence 14. Ordinations made by Excommunicated Persons null 27. Prohibitions against demanding any thing for conferring Orders 102 130 The Minor Orders Three of the Minor Orders omitted by the Greeks 50 Religious Orders The Institutions of several Religious Orders in this Century 156. c. Their Number Restrain'd 124. And Prohibitions against Founding new Ones 98. That 't is not lawful to pass from a more strict to a more remiss Order but rather from a more remiss to a more strict One 34. The Laicks forbidden to wear the Habit of any Religious Order without having made Profession of it 125 Teutonick Order Its Rules approv'd of by Innocent III. 33 Orensa in Spain The number of it's Canons fix'd to thirty six 24 Ornaments of the Church The Abbots prohibited to Consecrate or bless them 120. Of those which are requisite for every Church 104. Of the care that ought to be taken of them 98 115. 132. Prohibited from pawning them without the Bishop's leave 126 Osyth of Chu The Confirmation of the Institution of the Order of Regular Canons of that Abbey and of its Privileges 22 Osma in Spain Rules confirm'd for this Church 35 Cardinal Otho The Council which he held at London during his Legation in England 111 Otho Duke of Saxony and Emperor Disputes the Empire with Philip Duke of Suabia 45. The Motives which induc'd the Pope to declare for him and to confirm his Election 46 47. Is recogniz'd for Emperor after the Death of Philip and Crown'd at Rome 2 47. The Oath which he takes of the Pope ibid. The cause of his breaking with the Pope who Excommunicates and Deposes him 2. His Attempts to maintain himself on the Throne 2 3. His Defeat by Philip Augustus King of France 3. And his Death ibid. Cardinal Ottobon The Constitutions which he Publish'd during his Legation in England 120 Ottogar King of Bohemia Takes an Advantage of the Divisions of Germany to Aggrandize his own Anthority 9. His Differences with the Emperor Rodolphus 10. His Death ibid. P PAlestine or the Holy Land The Obligation of the Vow of going to to the Holy Land 14. The Letters of Pope Innocent III. for the Relief of the Holy Land 23 24 25 28 29 40 41 48 Pall. That it ought only to be granted to such Arch-Bishops whose Predecessors have enjoy'd it 32 Peace Prayers for it injoyn'd 126. Decrees for the Observation of it 109 Perfect Who are counted such a among the Albigenses 153 Perjurers Canons against them 106. 116. Their Absolution reserv'd to the Pope 91 Patriarchs Of the Rank and Privileges of Patriarchs 97. That they ought not immediately to take upon themselves the Tryal of Clerks who desire to be tryed by their Bishop 31 Patriarchs of Constantinople What Rank they held in the Conventions wherein the Emperor was in Person 42 Patronage Of the Right of Patronage 130. That no Man can present himself to a Benefice of which he has the Right of Patronage 21 Patrons Penalties to be inflicted on those who abuse the Clerks of their Patronage 100 The Church of S. Paul near Mount Cassin The Privilege of having Tenths and of Baptizing granted to this Church 30 Pegaw A Contest about the Exemption of this Abbey 24 Canonical Penalties The commutation of them for Pecuniary Fines forbidden 121 Penetintiaries Order'd to have one General Penitentiary in every Cathedral Church 112. Of their Duties in Absolving reserv'd Cases 118 Pennance Of the injoyning of Pennances for Publick Sins 132 Penitentiary Friars Hermits re-united to the Order of Augustin Friars in this Century 157 Pensions Forbidden to lay any on
Grace Salvation and Justice Of Damnation Of Free-will Of the Chief Good Of Providence Of the Miracles of JESUS CHRIST Of the State of the Dead Upon the Gospel In Principio and several other Philosophical Tracts which were preserved in MS. in the Monastery of Admónt He adds That there is at Vienna a Tract in MS. of the same Author Of the Instruction of a Christian Prince Jacobus Cajetanus Nephew of Pope Boniface the VIIIth who was made a Cardinal An. 1295. Jacobus Cajetanus wrote a Book concerning the Jubilee every 100th Year It was published by Roseus with Notes and printed in the 13th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum of the Colen Edition Stephanus de Salagnac a Monk of the Order of the Preaching-Friars of the Convent of Limoges Stephanuâ— de Salagnac wrote as is credible at the end of the former Age or beginning of this A Treatise in Honour of his own Order alledging Four Things wherein God had made them principally Eminent viz. 1. For a Good and Learned Head 2. For an Illustrious and Noble Family 3. For an Honourable Name And 4. For a particular Profession Andreas Novo-Castrensis or Andrew of Newcastle an Englishman and Dominican-Friar Doctor Andreas Novo-castrensis of Divinity flourished in the beginning of this Age. He hath composed a Comment upon the First Book of the Sentences printed at Paris 1514. Bale Cent. 10. p. 44. attributes to him a Commentary upon Boethius's Book De Consolatione Philosophiae or The Comfort of Philosophy Rainerius Pisanus or de Pisâ a Divine and Lawyer of the same Order Composed a Book Rainerius Pisanus which is intituled Pantheologia or a Theological Dictionary in which all Heads of Divinity are disposed and treated on in an Alphabetical Order Jacobus Florentinus a Minorite or Grey-Friar hath added several things to this Work and caused it to be printed at Noremburg in 1473. He also printed it in the same manner at Venice in 1486. at Lions in 1519. at Bresse in 1580. and since it hath been printed at Paris with the Additions of Father Nicholas a White-Friar William de Nangis or de Nangiaco a Monk of S. Denys at Paris hath Composed a Chronicle William de Nangis from the beginning of the World to the Year 1301. But because the greatest Part of that Work was Copied from other Authors Father Luke Dacherius in the 11th Tome of his Spicilegium hath printed it no further than to the Year 1113. where he begins his Continuations which he hath made out of Sigebert of Gemblours as far as the Year 1301. adding something more out of two other Authors the one as far as 1340. and the other to 1348. This Author hath also written a Chronicle of the Kings of France the Lives of S. Lewis and Philip the Hardy which are also found in the Collections of the French Historians put out by Pithaeus and Du-Chesne Thomas Wicke a Canon Regular of S. Augustine of the Abby of Osney in England who flourished Thomas Wicke in the Reign of Edward I. hath a Chronicle of the History of England from the coming of William the Conqueror in 1066. to the Death of Edward I. in 1304. This Work is found in the last Collection of the English Historians printed at Oxford in 1687. He also wrote a Tract of the Abbots of Osney from the Foundation of that Abby which was in 1129. to the Year 1290. Henry Stero a German and a â—enedictin Monk of the Abby of Altaich Composed certain Henry Stero Annals from the first Year of the Emperor Frederick Barberossa which was in the Year of Christ 1152. to the Election of the Emperor Rodolphus in the Year 1273. and the History of the Emperors Rodolphus of Habspurg Adolphus of Nassan and Albert of Austria from the Year 1273. to the Year 1305. which was carried on by two German Monks These Works are found among the German Writers put out by Friherus and the more large Annals in the First Tome of Canisius's Antiquities Eberardus a Monk of the same Monastery and Archdeacon of Ratisbone hath continued Eberardus a Monk these Annals of Stero as far as 1305. taking almost all he has writ out of the same Author This Work is in the first Tome of Canisius's Collection Joannes de Joinville Governor of Champaigne is the Author of the Life of S. Lewis whom he Joannes de Joinville accompanied in his Expedition to the Holy Land It hath been printed several times in French but the best Edition is that put out by the Learned Mr. Du-Cange printed by Cramoisy An. 1668. Joinville lived till about 1310. Siffridus a Priest of Misnia in Saxony is a different Person from him though of the same Siffridus a Priest of Misnia Name who was of the Order of the Friars-Preachers and who flourished at the end of the Fifteenth Age. This of whom we are now speaking lived in the beginning of the Fourteenth Age. He Composed a Chronicle from the beginning of the World to the Year 1307. But Georgius Fabricius who first published it at the end of his History of Saxony Printed at Leipsick 1569. and at Jena 1598. hath pared off all the Years which preceded 457. It is found in the same manner printed among the German Historians put out by Pistorius Haito or Aito a Prince of the Family of the Kings of Armenia after he had made War with the Infidels entred the Order of the Praemonstratenses about the Year 1290. and professed in a Haito a Praemonstratensis Monastery of that Order in the Isle of Cyprus as he himself tells us in his History of his Voyage into the Holy Land which he wrote in French in the Year 1307. and was translated into Latin by Nicholas Fulke and printed at Haguenau 1529. at Basil among the Historians of the New World in 1532 and 1555. and at Helmstadt 1585. in the Second Part of the Authors of the History of Jerusalem printed by Reineccius and in Italian at Venice 1553. John the Monk Sirnamed Descranches a Native of Cressy near Abbeville a Learned Canonist John the Monk a Cardinal was raised to the Dignity of a Cardinal-Priest of the Title of S. Marcellinus and S. Peter in the Year 1294. He Founded a College of his own Name at Paris in the Year 1302. He was appointed Legate by Pope Boniface in the Contest he had with Philip the Fair. He died at Avignon the 22d of August 1313. He is the Author of the Apparatus or Commentary upon the 6th Book of the Decretals printed at Paris 1535. and at Venice 1586. with the Additions of Probus William Paris of the Order of Friars-Preachers who was constituted Inquisitor in France by William of Paris a Dominican Clement V. and who drew up the Process against the Templars is the Author of the Dialogues upon the Seven Sacraments printed at Lipsick in 1512. at Lions in 1567. under the Name of William Bishop of Paris and a
Year Francis Carrara Governour of Padua caused him to be murdered in Rome in 1388. The Mirrour of the Virgin Mary printed at Augsbourgh in 1476. is attributed to him As also a Commentary upon the Four Books of the Sentences and some Meditations upon the Life of Jesus Christ which some say are printed in Germany Some say That he Composed a Commentary upon the Canonical Epistles of S. James and S. John Trithemius attributes to him no more than some Sermons for the Year and upon the Saints Days JOHN de BOURG or JOANNES de BURGO an Englishman Chancellor of the University of John de Bourg Cambridge and Rector of the Town of Collingham in Nottinghamshire Composed in 1385. a Treatise Intituled The Apple of the Eye for Priests in which he treats of the Administration of Sacraments the Ten Commandments and other Ecclesiastical Offices printed at Paris in 1510. at Strasburg in 1514. and at Roan in 1516. PHILIP RIBOTT a Spaniard of Catalonia a Carmelite of Gironne was Provincial of his Order Philip Ribot in 1368. and died in 1391. He Composed a Work Intituled A Looking-Glass for the Carmelites divided into Ten Books in which he treats of the Beginning Progress Privileges and History of his own Order which was printed at Venice in 1507. and at Antwerp in 1680. He also wrote a Treatise of the Famous Men of his Order and some Sermons JACOBUS de TERAMO in Abruzzo a Province in Italy Canon of the same Church and Arch-deacon Jacobus de Teramo of Aversa Composed about the Year 1390. a Commentary upon the Sentences and a Book upon the Redemption of Mankind Intituled The Consolation of Sinners These two Works are only in MS. in the Libraries in England Trithemius also observes That this Author also wrote upon the Clementines GUIDO d'EUREUX a Friar-Preacher Composed in 1390. some Sermons and a Rule for Merchants Guido d'Eureux which Works are found in MS. in some Libraries AUGUSTINUS d'ASCOLI an Hermit of S. Augustine flourished about the End of this Year in Aug. d'Ascoli the University of Padua and made some Sermons which are yet preserved in MS. in the Libraries of the Augustin-Monks at Bononia Padua and Cremona HENRY BOICH Dr. of Law in the Diocess of S. Paul of Leon in Britain flourished at the End Henry Boich of this Age and Composed a Commentary upon the Five Books of the Decretals upon the Sixth and upon the Clementines printed at Venice in 1576. and are in MS. in the Library at the Cathedral Church at Cambray SIMON de CREMONA an Hermit of S. Augustine flourished and preached a long time at Venice Simon de Cremona in the latter end of this Age. He Composed some Commentaries upon the Mr. of the Sentences A Treatise of the Indulgence of Assisi and several Sermons These Works are in MS. in the Libraries of the Augustin-Friars in Italy with a Postill upon the Gospels of the Year printed at Ruthlingen in 1484. He died in 1400. PETER QUESNEL a Grey-Friar of the Convent of Norwich a Divine and Canonist flourished Peter Quesnel about the end of this Age and wrote a Directory of Law in the Court of Conscience and in the Court Judicial A Treatise of the Trinity of the Catholick Faith and of the Seven Sacraments A Treatise of the Sins which hinder us from receiving the Sacraments and the Penalties to be enjoined for these Sins A Treatise to order such things as respect the Instructions of Judgments These Treatises are in MS. in some Libraries in England and the first is in the Vatican and Mr. Colbert's Cod. 228. and 2302. MARSILIUS ab INGHEN a German though Trithemius and Bale make him an Englishman Marsilius ab Inghen Dr. of Paris Canon and Treasurer of the Church of S. Andrew at Colen Founder and first Rector of the College of Heidelburg died Aug. 20. 1394. He Composed a Commentary upon the Book of the Mr. of the Sentences printed at Strasburg in 1501. HENRY KNIGHTON Canon-Regular of Leicester Composed an exact Chronicle of the History Henry Knighton of England divided into Five Books from 950. to 1395. and the History of the Deposition of Richard II. King of England which happened in 1399. These Works are in the Collection of English Historians printed at London in 1652. WILLIAM THORN a Benedictin Monk of S. Augustin of Canterbury Composed an History of William Thorn the Abbots of that Abby to 1397. copied as far as 1272. out of the History of Thomas Scott This Chronicle is also in the Collection of English Historians printed at London in 1652. p. 1757. 'T is said also that he wrote an History of the King◠of Kent the Lives of some Saints and a Chronicle of the Counties Bishopricks and Abbies of England which is not printed but is in MS. in Bennet-College Library at Cambridge Cod. 67. GERHARDUS de ZUTPHEN one of the first Canons Regular of the Order of S. Jerome or Gerhard de Zutphen Clerks of the Community instituted by Gerhard Groot died in the 31st Year of his Age Dec. 4. 1398. He has left us some Ascetick Treatises One Of the inward Reformation of the Powers of the Soul The other about our Spiritual Progress printed with the Works of Thomas à Kempis who wrote his Life and in the Biblioth Patr. Tom. 26. p. 234. as also at Paris and Colen in 1539. NICHOLAS EYMERICUS born at Gironne a City of Catalonia a Friar-Preacher flourished in the Papacies of Innocent VI. Urban V. Gregory XI and Clement VII He was first Inquisitor-General Nicholas Eymericus for Innocent VI. about 1356. and coming to Avignon in the Papacy of Gregory XI was made the Pope's Chaplain and Judge of Heresies He died at Gironne Jan. 4. 1399. His Principal Work is a Book Intituled A Directory for Inquisitors printed the first time at Barcelona in 1503. and after at Rome in 1578. with the Corrections and Scholies of Penna and after in the same City in 1587. and at Venice in 1595. with the Commentaries of the same Author This Work is divided into three Parts In the First he treats of the Articles of Faith In the Second of the Punishment of Hereticks and the Inflictions which they deserve according to the Canon-Law and Decretals What is Heresie and Errour Of the Differences of Heresies And lastly Of those which are subject to the Jurisdiction of the Inquisition and the Crimes which are out of its Knowledge The Third part is about the manner of ordering the Process at the Tribunal of the Inquisition of the Power and Privileges of the Officers of the Witnesses Criminals and the Execution of Judgment upon them He Composed several other Treatises which are in MS. in Mr. Colbert's Library N o. 2846 and 2847. The Titles of them are these A Letter to the Cardinals against the Election of Urban VI. A Letter to the King of France in favour of Clement VII Some
third 7 Years after the end of the second and for the future one should be held every ten Years in such Places as the Pope should appoint at the end of each Council with the consent and approbation of the Council it self That his Holiness with the advice of the Cardinals might shorten this time but not prolong it and that he could not change the place without necessity in which case he must give notice and appoint another place a Year before-hand That in case of Schism assoon as any two Persons appear'd who took upon them the Title of Popes the Council should be held the next Year and all those who were wont to be present at the Council should immediately resort thither That the two Competitors should be suspended from all Administration and all Power assoon as the Council was open'd That in case any Election of a Pope should be made by Violence or a considerable Fright it should be null but that the Cardinals could not proceed to a new Election until the Council had judg'd of the Validity of that which had been made and that if they should proceed to do it the Election should be null and they should be depriv'd of their Right to choose and be degraded from their Dignities The Council after this prescrib'd a Form of Faith which the Popes should be bound to profess for the future after their Election and added to it two Constitutions one by which they forbid to translate Prelats against their Will to other Churches and the other by which they abolish'd the Right which the Pope assum'd to himself of receiving the Revenues of deceas'd Prelats and the Exactions of the Rights of Visitation and Procuration In the 40th Session held October the 30th a Decree of the Council was publish'd wherein they ordain'd That the future Pope shall join with the Council or with those that shall be deputed by the Nations in taking care to reform the Church in its Head and Members and also the Court of Rome according to Equity and as was necessary for the good Government of the Church before the Council should be dissolv'd upon the Articles presented by the Nations which are 1. Concerning the number and quality of the Cardinals 2. About Reservations made to the Holy See 3. Concerning Annates 4. About the Collation of Benefices and the Promises of them when they shall be vacant and about Confirmations of Elections 6. About Causes which ought to be pleaded at Rome or elsewhere 7. About Appeals to the Court of Rome 8. About the Offices of the Chancery and the Penitentiary 9. About Exemptions and Unions made during the Schism 10. About Commendams 11. About the Profits of vacant Benefices 12. Against the Alienation of the Revenues of the Roman Church 13. About those things for which the Pope ought to be punish'd or depos'd 14. About the Extirpation of Simony 15. About Dispensations 16. About Provisions in the Name of the Pope and the Cardinals 17. About Indulgences 18. About Tithes All these Articles were disputed between the Nations and the Cardinals but that about Annates The Contests about Annâ—tes was longest debated for most Voices among the Nations carried it That Annates were not at all due and that this claim of Right ought not to be suffered and that so much the rather because John XXIII had abus'd it extravagantly by exacting many Annates of vacant Benefices several times in the same Year The Cardinals on the contrary were of Opinion That these Abuses ought to be reform'd but the Right of Annates and mean Services should be maintain'd and caus'd an Article to be drawn up after the following manner That the Tax set down in the Registers of the Apostolick Chamber shall be paid for vacant Churches and Monasteries to furnish the Pope and Cardinals with Means for their Maintenance That if any of these Taxes were exorbitant they should be reform'd That they should be paid but once for one Church or Monastery in case it should happen to be vacant twice in one Year This Project being communicated to the Nations they consulted about seven Days and at last concluded That Annates ought to be wholly taken away for the time past the present and the future The Cardinals defended this Right by John de Scribanis their Proctor who appeal'd from this Conclusion to the future Pope The Nation of France who had the greatest Hand in this Affair gave a large Answer to this Appeal wherein they gave a Reason for the Resolution of the Nations and maintain'd that the Annates cannot be defended by any Priviledge Custom or Prescription that excepting the Benefices vacant in Curia there is no Rule of Law which favours these Annates That the original of them came from a Reservation which John XXII made of one part of the Revenues of Dignities and Benefices except Abbies for a certain Journey beyond Sea and other urgent Occasions That upon this account the Church pays nothing for Abbies in England That this Pope also excepted the Bishopricks and made divers Restrictions to his Ordinance That since his time many Popes had made the like Reservation for certain Causes which they express'd That the Clergy Princes and People had sometimes endur'd them but being at other times found too chargeable they had refus'd to pay them as they had done in England and that they might do it with Reason and Justice especially because the Causes for which they were at first establish'd had now ceas'd That the granting the Revenue of one Year of Prelacies and vacant Abbies was introduc'd by the voluntary and free Oblation which some of those whose Election was confirm'd made to the Holy See That it had the name of Common Service because it was divided among the Officers of the Court of Rome and that afterwards a Law was made to oblige Men to do it under pretence of Custom That a Valuation had been made of Benefices That this Exaction was Simoniacal or at least suspected of Simony and therefore could not be authoriz'd by any Custom or Prescription That altho' Annates might lawfully be exacted yet it was convenient to abolish them upon the account of the Complaints Violences Scandals Oppressions and Quarrels they had caus'd and did cause every Day That France had been forc'd to take them away by Provision That it had demanded the Supression of them from the Pope who had promised it and did still demand the same at present of the Council Afterwards they answer'd the Reasons alledg'd by John de Scribanis to oppose the Resolution of the Nations and justify the Annates He objected as to the manner in which this Resolution was made that they had not proceeded to a Scrutiny nor propos'd the thing to the Deputies of the Nations To this it was answer'd That there was no Law made for deliberating always by the way of Scrutiny and that there were many Affairs about which they had consulted only viva voce but
of the Court of Rome concerning Collation of Benefices 'T is divided into three Parts in the first he treats of the Nature of Benefices of the Order which is among Prelats of the Canonical ways of Promotion to a Benefice of the Injustice of Reservations and Promises of vacant Benefices of the Simony that is committed for the obtaining of Benefices and the Enormity of the Crime of Simony of the Penalties which Simoniacks and those who have a hand in Simony do incur In the second he shews That the Pope may commit Simony by receiving Mony for the Collation of Benefices directly or indirectly In fine he alledges in the last That the Court of Rome and its Officers commit Simony by receiving Mony for the Dispatch of Bulls of Benefices and Graces That the Cardinals partake in this Simony That the Pope cannot be excus'd when he grants Exorbitant Graces and that the Plenitude of his Power does not give him Right to grant Dispensations without Cause and without Reason This Treatise is printed in the second Tome of the Monarchy of Goldastus Page 1527. About the same time flourish'd another English-man call'd John Lattebur of the Order John Lattebur a Friar Minor of Friars Minors who wrote a Moral Commentary upon the Lamentations of Jeremy printed in 1482. and some other Treatises in Manuscript viz. Theological Distinctions a Moral Alphabet and some other Pieces which are wholly lost as Commentaries upon Jeremy upon the Psalms upon the Acts of the Apostles some Lectures upon the Scripture and some Sermons Richard Ullerston Doctor and Professor of Divinity at Oxford flourish'd also at the beginning Richard Ullerston a Doctor of Oxford of this Century and wrote in the Year 1408. a Treatise of the Reformation of the Church at the desire of Robert a Halam Cardinal Bishop of Salisbury This Treatise is to be found in Manuscript in a Library at Cambridge b viz. in the Library of Trinity College and the Title of it is The Petitions of Richard for the Defence of the Church Militant It contains sixteen Articles the first is about the Election of a. Pope the second of Simony those that follow are against the Abuses of the Revenues of the Church against Dispensations Exemptions Plurality of Benefices Appeals Privileges about the Life and Manners of the benefic'd Clergy and the Celebration of Divine Service In this Piece he speaks boldly against the Disorders of the Court of Rome There is in the same Manuscript c Reformation as the Title is publish'd by Mr. Wharton Hist. Lit. App. p. 86. Boston a Benedictine Monk a Treatise of the Duty of a Souldier written by the same Author at the desire of Richard Courtnay his Master and dedicated to Henry Prince of Wales There is also mention made of some other Treatises of the same Author which are not to be found viz. a Defence of the Donation of Constantine Commentaries upon the Psalms and the Canticles of the Ordinary Lessons and a Treatise upon the Creed Some time after Boston a Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of St. Edmund d This Boston was of the Abby of St. Edmundsbury Whart Hist. Lit. App. p. 90. Theodorick of Niem Bishop of Ferden at Usk in the Province of Wales wrote a Catalogue of the Writers which he had found in the Libraries of England which is only in Manuscript There is also another Treatise attributed to him entituled The Mirror of the Monks and the Chronicle of his Monastery which Works are lost Theodorick of Niem a German Secretary to some Popes and according to some Bishop of Ferden and afterwards of Cambray wrote the History of the Schism of the Popes from the death of Gregory XI to the Election of Alexander V. in three Books to which he added another Work entituled Nemus Unionis which contains the Original Pieces written on both sides about this Schism and a third wherein he writes the Life of Pope John XXIII and the Transactions of the Council of Constance until the Deposing of this Pope The two former were printed at Basile in 1566. at Nuremberg in 1592. and at Strasburg in 1608. and in 1629. the latter was printed at Frankfurt in 1620. He wrote also a Treatise of the Privileges of the Empire as to the Investiture of Bishopricks and Abbies printed at Basil in 1557. and at Strasburg in 1609. and 1618. The Exhortation to Robert King of the Romans which is in Goldastus is one of the Chapters of his Book about Union The Style of this Author is harsh and unpleasant but he is full of Vigour faithful and exact in his Relations Jerom of St. Faith a Spanish converted Jew and Physician to Benedict XIII is the Author of Jerom of St. Faith a converted Jew two Treatises against the Jews whereof the one is entitled The mâ—â—ns of Refuting and Convincing the Jews and the other is against the Talmud Both of them have appear'd under the Title of Hebraeo-mastix and were printed at Frankfurt in 1602. and in the last Bibliotheque of the Fathers In the former he proves That the twenty four Conditions which the Jews acknowledge should happen at the coming of the Messias according to Scripture and their own Tradition are all accomplish'd in Jesus Christ. In the second he discovers the Errors and wild Conceits of the Talmud and shews that it contains things contrary to Charity to the Law of Nature to the Service of God to the Law of Moses and Blasphemies against Jesus Christ. These two Treatises were written by Jerom of St. Faith in the Year 1412. and many Jews were converted by reading them About the same time flourish'd another Spaniard who was also a converted Jew call'd Paul Paul Bishop of Carthagena of Carthagena a Native of Burgos who was Bishop of Carthagena and after that of Burgos Chancellor of the Kingdoms of Leon and Castile and at last Patriarch of Aquileia He had three Children before his Conversion Alphonsus Gonsalvus and Alvarus Garsias The first succeeded him in the Bishoprick of Burgos the second was Bishop of Pâ—aisance and the last continu'd in a Secular Life He died in the Year 1435. Aged 82 Years and in the preceding Year he finish'd a Work entituled The Scrutiny of the Bible printed at Mantua in 1474. and at Burgos in 1591. But his principal Work is an Addition to the Postils of Nicholas of Lyra upon the whole Bible printed with that Gloss. He wrote also a Treatise about the Name of God printed with the Notes of Drusius at Franeker in 1604. There is much Jewish Learning in this Work and they are very useful for the understanding of Scripture Peter of Ancharano of Bononia in Italy descended of the Family of the Farnese a Disciple Peter of Ancharano a Lawyer of Baldus and a famous Lawyer flourish'd from the Year 1410. until about the middle of this Century He wrote Commentaries upon the Decretals and Clementines printed at Lyons in 1549. and
and of John of Tambach Regent of the University of Prague and the Bull of a Legat publish'd at Vienna in 1448. 'T is written on Paper and has this Title in Red Letters Incipit Tractatus Joannis de Canabaco de Imitatione Christi contemptu omnium vanitatum mundi dividitur in quatuor libros The Bull dated in 1448. written with the same hand shews that it could not be written before this Year The Name of Canabaco was added some time after and above the Line but still it is done by the same hand in the same Writing and with the same Vermilion Mr. Naude and the Assembly in 1671. are in this of the same Opinion Mr. Naude judg'd that the Writing of the Manuscript was no older than 1480 or 1500. The Assembly gave no Judgment of its Antiquity This Surname of Canabacum given to John the Author of the Book of the Imitation has been differently explain'd Some say That Canabacum was the place of the Birth of this John whom they suppose to be the same with Gersen and since Canabacum is a Place unknown they have interpreted it Cavaglia which is a Borough in the Country of Verceil This was the Opinion of Quatremaires and Walgrave Father Delfau and those who have written since seem to have forsaken this Opinion and durst not maintain that Canabacum was the Country of John Gersen and that this Place was Cavaglia And so it is not known what the Surname is from whence it was taken nor what gave occasion to mention it here Some may conjecture that the Writer of this Manuscript having copied it from another wherein de Gersonio was ill written wrote Canabaco for Gersonio or rather that lighting upon a Manuscript wherein there was Cancellario abbreviated as Canâ—lrio he read it Canabaco Howsoever this be it cannot be prov'd by any Place that this Joannes de Canabaco is the same who is call'd Joannes Gersen in the other Manuscripts The seventh is the Manuscript of Cave upon which it is written Iste Liber est Congregationis Cassinensis and a little after asservatur in Monasterio Cavae The Book of the Imitation in this Manuscript is written upon Parchment in fair Characters and has no Name of the Author nor any Date of the Time being imperfect at the end But in the first Letter Q there is the Image of a Benedictine Monk having a Cross in his hand some think that this is the Pourtraiture of Gersen Afterwards 't is said That the Words of ch 56. B. 3. gave occasion to this Picture I have receiv'd from your hand a Cross and I will carry it until Death It may indeed be that this Sentence gave occasion to him who wrote this Manuscript to make this Picture at the beginning But upon what grounds can it be thence concluded That the Book of the Imitation was therefore written by a Benedictine Monk All that can be thence conjectur'd is That the Writer of this Manuscript was a Benedictine The last Piece which is produc'd is a Copy of some Works printed at Venice in 1501. among which is the Book of the Imitation of Jesus Christ under the Name of John Gerson Chancellor of the University of Paris at the end whereof are to be found these Words written upon Design Hunc librum non compilavit Johannes Gerson sed D. Johannes This Word Johannes has been mended by the Confession of Father Delfau and that which follow'd has been raz'd out in the room whereof there is still a blank space and after it there are these Words Abbas Vercellensis After which there is yet more Writing raz'd out and then at last follow these Words Ut habetur usque hodie propria manu scriptus in eadem Abbatia This Copy being one of those which were presented at Rome in 1641. to Sieur Naude he judg'd that this Manuscript Observation had been falsified and pretends That Johannes had been made of the Name Thomas after so gross a manner That the Sieur Vincent Galeotti when he came to read this Writing read Thomas for Joannes This Copy was not produc'd at the Assembly in 1671. tho' it was at Paris and Father Delfau gave no other Reason for it but that it was in the Library among the printed Books without his knowledge If this had been the only Reason which hindred the Benedictines from producing it then they would certainly have shewn it in the Assemblies in 1674. and 1687 But they had Reason to suppress it because they truly judg'd that this Manuscript Note was of no Authority First Because 't is well known that 't is much later than 1501. but 't is not known at what time it was written nor who is the Author of it Secondly Because the Name of Johannes being foisted in and that of Gersen or Gessen being not there it was unserviceable to their Cause Thirdly Because this Note however very late yet was falsified by a Forger who put into it all that he pleas'd Fourthly Because the space might be fill'd up with any other Name besides that of Johannes Gersen or even that of Thomas a Kempis that perhaps he might be call'd Abbas Windesemensis or perhaps even Abbas Vercellensis because there was one Thomas a Canon-Regular of St. Victor Abbot of St. Andrew of Verceil whom some make a Canon-Regular upon the Credit of an ancient Register of Burials of St. Victor's and others a Benedictin according to the Picture of a Monk which is said to be upon his Tomb Fifthly Because 't is not certain whether these Words Abbas Vercellensis are the Forgers or his who first wrote this Note And thus the Title of the Abbot of Verceil which is given to John Gersen being founded only upon this Note is a meer Chimaera since Gersen is not at all nam'd there and the Name of John is foisted in and therefore no regard ought to be had to a Piece of this Nature There are two Abbies at Verceil that of St. Stephen and that of St. Andrew This latter was founded at the Expence of Henry II. King of England after the Murder of Thomas of Canterbury Whereof the first Abbot in 1227. was Thomas Gallas a Canon-Regular of St. Victor or according to others an English Benedictine He was Abbot till the Year 1260. Upon which account John Gersen is made Abbot of St. Stephen of Verceil and not of St. Andrew This Monastery is more ancient and was of the Order of St. Benedict until Paul III. in the Year 1536. gave it to the Canons-Regular after which it was destroy'd in 1581. But no ancient Author speaks of this Abbot John Gersen Francis Augustin a Clergy-man hath indeed plac'd him in the Edition of his Chronicle at Piemont in 1648. among the Abbots of Verceil and ascrib'd to him the Imitation of Jesus Christ but 't is only upon hear-say from some Benedictine since the Contest of Cajetan and he durst not mention him in his History of Verceil There is also cited a Manuscript History of
make his escape is seiz'd and convey'd laden with Fetters to Thoulouse and deliver'd into the Bishop's Custody The Abbey of Baume is chang'd into a Priory by the Pope by reason of the contempt that the Monks of that Abbey had shewn of the Authority of the See of Rome nevertheless this Title is restor'd some time after A Council at Etampes held on Septuagesima-Sunday concerning the Expedition of the Holy Land and the Regency of the Kingdom of France which is given to Suger Abbot of St. Denis A Council at Auxerre held in the beginning of the Year A Council at Paris held on the Festival of Easter The Death of Waselinus Momalius Prior of St. Laurence at Liege 1148 IV. The Pope after having held several Councils in France returns to Italy X. VI. Lucas Chrysobergius according to some Writers is advanc'd this Year to the Patriarchate of Constantinople but as others will have it not till An. 1155. Eon de l'Etoile a Visionary Heretick is brought before Pope Eugenius in the Council at Rheims who condemns him to close Confinement so that he dies in Prison a little while after Gillebert de la Porrée being convicted by St. Bernard in that Council retracts his Errors The Pope performs the Ceremony of the Dedication of the Church of Toul He writes to St. Hildegarda Abbess of Mount St. Robert commending her Spirit of Prophecy St. Malachy who undertook a second Journey to Rome in order to obtain the Pall of the Pope dies by the way at Clairvaux November the 2d A Council at Rheims held in the Month of March against Gillebert de la Porrée Bishop of Poitiers A Council at Triers held in the presence of Pope Eugenius which approves the writings of St. Hildegarda  1149 V. XI The King of France returning from the Holy Land invests Henry the Son of Mathilda Countess of Anjou with the Dutchy of Nomandy VII Henry the Brother of the King of France and Monk of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Beauvais Gilbert Foliot Abbot of Leicester in England is ordain'd Bishop of Hereford  St. Bernard writes his first Book Of Consideration The Death of Amedeus Bishop of Lausanna 1150 VI. Eugenius after his return to Italy having sustain'd many shocks at last makes himself Mafter of St. Peter's Church XII Lewes the Young King of France divorces his Wife Eleonor the Daughter of William Duke of Guienne whom he had marry'd in 1137. VIII Hugh Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne is created Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Henry and Roland Monks of Clairvaux are likewise made Cardinals at the same Promotion Philip Arch-Deacon of Paris the Son of King Lewes the Gross is chosen Bishop of that City but he resigns this Bishoprick to Peter Lombard sir-nam'd Master of the Sentences Godeschalcus Abbot of St. Martin succeeds Alvisius in the Bishoprick of Arras Philip who had been depos'd from the Bishoprick of Taranto A. 1139. and who had afterward retir'd to Clairvaux there to take the habit of a Monk is made Prior of the same Monastery by St. Bernard John a Monk of the Isle of Oxia is advanc'd to the Patriarchate of tioch this Year Peter de Celles is made Abbot of Celles in the same Year  St. Bernard writes his second Book Of Consideration and sends it to Pope Eugenius Arsenius a Monk of Mount Athos makes his Collection of the Canons Otho Bishop of Frisinghen Serlo Abbot of Savigny Lucius Abbot of St. Cornelius Bartholomew de Foigny Bishop of Laon. Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris Falco Henry Arch-Deacon of Huntington Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Constantinus Manasses Constantinus Harmenopulus Robert Pullus Cardinal dies this Year The Death of William Abbot of St. Thierry in the same Year 1151 VII XIII IX The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Church of Colen Jourdain des Ursins Cardinal is sent Legate into Germany St. Bernard wrote his 190th Letter against this Prelate Geffrey Arthur Arch-Deacon of St. Asaph is ordain'd Bishop of the the same Church Bartholomew Bishop of Laon after having govern'd his Church 38 Years retires to the Abbey of Foigny and there turns Monk Gauterius Abbot of St. Martin at Laon succeeds him in that Bishoprick but he leaves it three Years after and becomes a Monk at Premontré Turoldus is chosen Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in the room of Hugh made Cardinal in the preceding Year The Death of Hugh who of Abbot of Pontigny had been ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Whereupon many Contests arise about the Succession to that Bishoprick A Council at Beaugency held on the Festival of Easter which approves the Divorce between the King of France and his Wife Eleonor by reason of their being too near of kin Gratian compleats his Collection of Canons John Patriarch of Antioch Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople Andronicus Camaterius George Arch-bishop of Corfu Lucas Câ—rysobergius Patriarch of Constantinople Robert Arch-Deacon of Ostrevant Theobaldus a Monk of St. Peter at Beze Gauterius Canon of Terouane Herbert a Monk Haimo Arch-Deacon of Châlons Herman a converted Jew of Colen Nicetas Constantinopolitanus Teulfus a Monk of Morigny 1132 VIII The Death of Conrad FREDERICK I. succeeds him I. Stephen K. of England being deceas'd the Kingdom returns to Henry II. Duke of Normandy X. Odo Abbot of St. Cornelius at Compeigne is chosen Abbot of St. Denis in the place of Suger The Pope orders the Bishop of Saintes to permit a new Church to be built at Rochel He confâ—… the Primacy of â—â—â—â—do and enjoyns the Bishops of Spain to acknowledge it He likewise ratifies the Constitutions and Privileges of the Cistercian Order  The Death of Suger Abbot of St. Denis January 15. St. Bernard finishes his other Books Of Consideration John Monk of Marmoutier Alexander Abbot in Sicily Radulphus Niger Monk of St. Germer St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw St. Aâ—â—â—ed Abbot of Reverby 1153 IX Eugenius dies July 8th at Tivoli ANASTASIUS IV. is chosen in his place two days after I. II. XI Pope Eugenius grants by a Bull to the Canons of St Peter at Rome the fourth part of all the Offerings that were made in that Church Alanus a Native of Burg de Reninghen near Ypres in Flanders and Abbot of Larivoir is ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Henry Archbishop of York being dead this Year William his Competitor who had been Chosen and Consecrated Archbishop of that Church in 1140. but before whom Henry was preferr'd by Pope Innocent takes a Journey to Rome where he obtains of Pope Anastasius the confirmation of his Archiepiscopal Dignity and the Pall. However he does not long enjoy this Archbishoprick dying in the next Year The Cardinals Bernard and Gregory the Pope's Legates in Germany depose Hâ—â—â—y Archbishop of Mentz Robert Abbot of Dunes succeeds St. Bernard in the Abbey of Clairvaux  The Death of St. Bernard August 〈◊〉 1154 II. Anastasius dies Decemb. 4th having for his Successor ADRIAN IV. Reign of Henry II. his Successor according to the truest Opinion III. The
Death of Stephen K of England and the beginning of the XII Gauterius of Mauritania is ordain'd Bishop of Laon in the place of another Gauterius the Successor of Bartholomew of Foigny Pope Anastasius confirms the Statutes of the Regular Canons of St. John at Lateran takes into the Protection of the See of Rome the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem and ratifies their Privileges  The Death of Gillebert de la Pâ—… Bishop of Poitiers 1155 I. Arnold of Brescia excites Commotions in Rome against Pope Adrian who suspends the City from Divine Service till the Romans should expel that Heretick and his Followers These last are forc'd to escape by flight to Otricoli in Tosâ—any where they are well receiv'd by the People But some time after Arnold of Brescia is taken Prisoner and deliver'd up to the Prefect of Rome who causes him to be burnt and his Ashes to be cast into the River Tiber lest the People shou'd shew any honour to his Relicks The Pope pronounces Anathema against William King of Sicily who had refus'd to receive his Letters because he did not give him the Title of King and had taken possession of some Territories belonging to the Patrimony of the Church of Rome IV. Frederick is crown'd Emperor at Rome by the Pope XIII The Contest that arose An. 1132. between the Abbey of Cluny and that of Cisteaux as to the Affair of Tithes is at last terminated by an Accommodation  Basil of Acris Archbishop of Thessalonica returns an Answer to the Letter which was writ to him by Pope Adrian to induce him to be reconcil'd to the Latin Church 1156 II. The Pope concludes a Treaty of Peace with William King of Sicily and grants him the Title of King of both Sicilies V. The Emperor being offended at the Letter which the Pope had writ to him drives the two Legates who brought it out of his Dominions forbids all his Subjects to take any Journeys to Rome and sets Guards upon the Frontiers to hinder the passage of those that shou'd attempt to enter XIV A Difference arising between Adrian IV. and Frederick concerning the Terms of a Letter writ by this Pope to the Emperor which imported that Adrian had conferr'd upon that Prince the notable Favour of the Imperial Crown The Pope is oblig'd to give another Explication of the Terms of his Letter to afford satisfaction to the Emperor but takes an occasion to complain that Frederick had prefix'd his own Name before that of the Pope in one of his Letters that he exacted Fealty and Homage of the Bishops that he refus'd to receive his Legates and that he prohibited his Subjects to go to Rome Otho Bishop of Frisinghen quits his Bishoprick and retires to the Abbey of Morimond where he liv'd a Monk before his advancement to the Episcopal Dignity and dies there in the Month of September in the same Year Philip formerly Bishop of Taranto and afterwards Prior of Clairvaux is constituted Abot of Aumône of the Cistercian Order  Hugh of Poitiers a Monk of Vezelay begins to write his History of that Monastery The Death of Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny on Christmass-day 1157 III. VI. XV.   The Death of Luke Abbot of St. Cornelius 1158 IV. VII XVI Thomas Becket is made Lord Chancellor of England by King Henry II. The Reformation of the Regular Canons of St. Victor at Paris is establish'd in the Monastery of St. Everte at Orleans by Roger its first Abbot   1159 V The Death of Adrian The greatest part of the Cardinals chuse ALEXANDER III. Octavian is Elected Anti-pope by others and maintain'd by the Emperor He takes the Name of Victor III. VIII The Emperor being present at the Siege of Cremona the two Competitors for the Papal Dignity present themselves before him to be supported He appoints 'em to come to Pavia there to be judg'd by a Council XVII    1160 I. Alexander who refus'd to appear in the Council of Pavia having been inform'd of what was there transacted against him excommunates the Empereror Frederick IX XVIII Thirty Persons the Followers of Arnold of Brescia call'd Publicans having taken a resolution to pass into England to divulge their Doctrine are there seiz'd on publickly whipt stigmatiz'd with a hot Iron on their Fore-heads harrass'd and at last starv'd to death with hunger and cold Arnold Bishop of Lisieux is sent Legate into England A Council at Pavia held in the Month of February which declares the Election of Alexander to be void and Excommucates him with his Adherents but confirms that of Victor A Council at Oxford in which the Publicans or Vaudois are convicted and condemn'd Hugh a Monk of Cluny Hugh Arch-bishop of Roan Michael of Thessalonica condemn'd for the Heresy of the Bogomiles retracts his Errors and makes a Confession of his Faith Philip Bishop of Taranto Odo de Deuil Gilbert Abbot of Hoiland 1161 II. X. Lewes the Young King of France marries Adella or Alix Daughter of Theobald Count of Champagne who died in 1152. XIX Alanus abdicates his Bishoprick at Auxerre and retires to Clairvaux The Kings of Denmark Norway Hungary and Bohemia as also six Archbishops twenty Bishops and many Abbots write as 't is reported Letters by way of excuse to the Assembly at Lodi by which they own Victor as lawful Pope The Death of Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury He has for his Successor in that Archbishoprick Thomas Becket Chancellor of England who is Consecrated on Whit-Sunday Dr. Gilbert Foliot is translated from the Bishoprick of Hereford to that of London An Assembly at New-Market in the Month of July in which the Election of Alexander III. is declar'd Legitimate and that of Victor Illegal An Assembly at Beauvais at the same time which passes alike Judgment with that of New-Market in favour of Pope Alexander An Assembly of the Prelates of England and France in which both Kings assisted where were present the Legates of Alex-and Victor and Deputies from the Emperor Frederick Alexander is there own'd as lawful Pope and Victor Excommunicated with his Adherents An Assembly at Lodi held June 20. in the presence of the Emperor Frederick which confirms what was transacted in that of Pavia the preceding Year in favour of Victor Peter de Roy a Monk of Clairvaux Enervinus Provost of Stemfeld Ecbert Abbot of St. Florin Bonacursius Ebrard de Bethune Michael of Thessalonica Odo a Regular Canon 1162 III. The Pope who had fled for Refuge to the Territories of William K. of Sioily waiting for a favourable opportunity to pass into France arrives there at last on the Festival of Easter and is receiv'd by the Kings of France and England who go before him upon the River Loire as far as Torey land to meet him and conduct him on the Road each holding one of the Reins of his Horse's Bridle XI An interview between the King of France and the Emperor at Avignon where the Anti-pope