Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	abbey_n	abbot_n	ancient_a	26	3	6.7588	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42518	A short history of monastical orders in which the primitive institution of monks, their tempers, habits, rules, and the condition they are in at present, are treated of / by Gabriel d'Emillianne.	Gavin, Antonio, fl. 1726.	1693 (1693)	Wing G394; ESTC R8086	141,685	356

Europe Abbies of this Order which do acknowledge Citeaux for their Mother and him who is Abbot thereof for their General This Plague did infect England almost in its very beginning They had there a Monastery in the year 1132 at Rishval They wore at the beginning a Black Habit but it was changed by Bernard Abbot of Clairvaux into what it is now viz. a White Casock with a narrow Patience or Scapulary and a black Gown with long Sleeves when they go abroad but going to Church they wear it White and pretend that the Virgin Mary appeared to St. Bernard and commanded him to wear for her own sake such white Cloathes Of the Sacred and Reformed Order of Citeaux called Feuillans FAther John de la Barriere a French Gentleman was the Author of this Reformation Being twenty one years old he was made Commandatory Abbot of a Monastery of St. Bernard called Feuillans He held this Abby in commendam during eleven years after the manner of other Commendatory Abbots without exercising any other Function but that of receiving his Revenues After which it came into his thoughts to make himself a Monk under the Rule and the Habit of Citeaux He put this design in execution in the Monastery of Eunes and thence he retired to his Abby of Feuillans where being witness of the disorders of his Monks he undertook to reform them But these bony Fryers seeing him begin the Reformation in the Kitchin with a great courage opposed him threatning to break his Head and Shoulders is he went on with such work Nevertheless Father John was never the more disheartned for this and by his Constancy won at length some of them to his Party which became in time the strongest and chased those who would not reform from the Monastery The new reformed Monks lead there as saith a Popish Author a more Angelical than Humane Life abstaining not only from Flesh Eggs Fish and from all Milk-meats but also from Oyl Salt and Wine living only on Bread Pulse and Water Pope Gregory the XIII being informed of this Institution of the Abbot of Feuillans sent to him a Brief of Congratulation and founded at Rome a Monastery for his Monks Since this Sixtus the V. and Clement the VIII favoured them very much and their Congregation got ground particularly in France But they are now fallen very much from their former observances They boast themselves of being under a special Protection of the Virgin Mary in whose Honour they are all Cloathed in White Of the Order of the Humbled or Humilies THIS Order was founded in the year 1162. by some Gentlemen of Milan who were detained in a very hard Captivity under the Emperor Conrade or according to some others under Frederick Barbarossa These Gentlemen having put themselves all in White came before him and fell prostrate at his Feet which moved him so much to compassion that he gave them permission to return into their own Country They continued still to wear there the same Habit wherewith they had obtained their liberty and having taken the Name of Humiliati began some Congregations which growing every day bigger and bigger a Gentleman called Guido who was their Chief ordered them to live according to the Order of St. Benet There have been particularly in the State of Milan several rich Monasteries of this Order The Cardinal Charles Boromeo was the last Protector of it who seeing their abominable lewdness undertook to reform them But these Monks not willing to be redressed perswaded one of their Gang called Hierom Donac to murder him This desperate Fellow fired a Gun at the Cardinal who being a little out of his reach he missed him and being apprehended was immediately sentenced to Death and executed for his barbarous attempt Pope Pius the V. justly incensed at such a bloody Villany intended against one of his Cardinals did quite abolish that Religion in the year 1570 They wore white Cloaths and their Superiors were called Provosts The Bull of Abrogation of this Order is exprest in such terms that make a true representation of the detestable Life which the most part of the Monks of the Church of Rome lead to this day in their Cloisters There is an enumeration of all sorts of Crimes and Sacriledges which can be imagined If the Popes do not undertake to abolish these 't is not for want of reason for the doing of it but because these Monks for their mony have powerful Protectors at the Roman Court to whom they pay yearly very big Pensions and against whose Lives they have not attempted yet as the Humiliati did against that of Cardinal Boromeo their Protector 'T was observed when this Order was abolished that only seventy Monks were found in ninety Monasteries which they did possess Of the Order of the Celestins PEter Celestinus was born in the year 1215 at Isernia a Town in the Kingdom of Naples Scarcely was he come to be sixteen years of age when he left his Fathers House and fled into a Solitude Some years after he went to Rome where he was Ordained Priest and then he became a Monk in a Monastery of St. Benet From thence he withdrew into one of the Grotto's of Mont Moron in the year 1239 and lived there several years for which he was called Peter of Moron He gave beginning to the Monastery of the Holy Ghost at Majella which is the Chief of the Order established by him afterwards and confirmed in the Council of Lions by Gregory the X. under the Rule of St. Benet After the death of Nicholas the IV. the Roman See having been vacant two years and three months by reason of the Competition and Intreagues of the Cardinals this Peter was at last upon the motion of Cardinal Latinus elected Pope in the year 1294. They went to search for him in his Solitude where they found him busie in plowing the ground He was with much ado wrought upon to accept of the Pontificate but yielded at last came riding upon an Ass to Aquila where he was consecrated in the presence of above 20000 people He took the name of Coelestinus and was the fifth of this Name But his Genius proved soadverse to the Pride and Stateliness of the Roman Court that having drawn thereby upon himself the hatred of the Cardinals and being moreover very simple and of little wit one of those Gentlemen the Cardinals had the cunning to persuade him to abdicate the Popedoâ— on his behalf which he did and the new Pope was called Boniface the VIII But poor Celestin had no sooner deposed himself but his wretched Successor fearing lest for his apparent Holiness he should be recalled made him to be apprehended and put in a stinking loathsom Dungeon near Anagni where he died in the year 1296. Boniface disannulled a great many things which the deceased Pope had established for the grandeur of his own Order and took from it the Monastery of Cassin Clement V. made him a Saint in

Violet Colour The Cathedral of Pampelune is officiated by Regular Canons and in the same Diocese there is the famous Priory of Ronceaux where the Emperor Charlemain placed a College of Regular Canons to take charge of an Hospital which he founded to receive the Pilgrims that should pass by those remote places as well those of France who should go to St. James as those of Spain who travelled to Rome They are drest in Black and wear a little white Scapulary very strait which comes down to their middle they wear also a kind of a Cross of a green Stuff made in the form of an F. to signifie that they are of an Order belonging to Hospitals Of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustin THE Fathers of this Order do boldly derive their Original from St. Augustin They pretend that this Saint being at Milan retired there into a Monastery and that passing afterwards into Africa he brought thither along with him 12 Fryers whom he established not long after near his Episcopal Church of Hippo living together with them But to speak truly this is no better than a story contrived by these honest Monks who have vanity enough to attribute to themselves an antiquity to which they have no title I need give no other warrant for what I say than Possidonius who wrote the Life of St. Augustin and makes no mention of them 'T is also acknowledged by the Learned that those seventy six Sermons written to the Hermits Ad Fratres in Eremo commemorantes and supposed by the Augustinian Fathers to be the Works of this holy Doctor are only the productions of some Impostor Having weighed every thing very impartially one shall find that the Order of these Augustinians was in the beginning formed of several Heremitical Congregations which were spread in several places under different names and especially of the Williamites and Zambonites Pope Innocent IV. did form the design of this Union but Death having prevented him this Work was reserved to Alexander IV. Nor was the great St. Augustin though dead many Ages before wanting to promote it with his utmost power He appeared say they to this Pope in a Dream under a dreadful Figure having his Head as big as a Tun and the rest of his Body as small as a Reed This made Alexander IV. understand that he ought to put in execution the project of his Predecessor He gave them the pretended Rules of St. Augustin joined them in a Body under one General ordering them to wear the same Habit to wit a long Gown with broad Sleeves a fine cloath Hood and under these black Garments other white ones and that they should tyâ— about their Middle a leathern Girdle fastned with an Ivory Bone This Order being confirmed by the following Popes so prodigiously increased that a very little while after they had above 2000 Convents of Men and 300 of Women Being afterwards fallen from their Observances which is the common fate of all the Religious Orders of the Church of Rome Father Thomas of Jesus of the House of Andrada laid the first Foundations of a Reformation in Portugal about the year 1574 Louis of Leon established it in Spain Father Andreas Dies in Italy and Father Francis Ameâ— carried it into France and it was confirmed by Clement VIII in the year 1600. The following Popes consented that the three Congregations of France Italy and Spain should have each a Vicar General who should depend on the General of the Augustinians They are one of the four Orders which are now called Mandians or Beggars from their begging Alms from Door to Door though indeed it is a shame that they are suffered so to do having all of them some few Religious of St. Francis excepted more than sufficient yearly incomes for their maintenance The Reformed Augustinians wear Sandals and are called Unshod for distinction sake from those who have not received the Reform and go under the name of great Augustinians These last passed from Italy into England in the year 1252. and at their arrival a raging Sickness broke out in London and spread into the whole Kingdom as a presage of the great evils which these Monks should cause one day in England There is a great number of other Congregations that follow the Rule of St. Augustin of whom I shall speak in another place Now having said that the Augustinians drew their Original from the Williamites and Zambonites I shall only treat here in few words of these two ancient Orders of Hermits Of the Orders and Rules of Cassianus Caesarius and Isidorus JOhn Cassian was born at Athens and lived in the Fifth Age. He passed the first years of his Youth in the Monasteries of Palestina where he had great familiarity with the Abbot Germanus and they went together into Egypt where they lived seven years After he became a Disciple to St. John Chrysostom by whom he was ordained a Deacon and after the death of this holy Prelate he went to Rome from whence in the year 410. when this City was taken by Alaricus he took his way to Marseilles and was there ordained a Priest by Bishop Venetius He afterward founded there two Monasteries one for Men and the other for Women professing himself amongst them a Monastick Life He wrote there his Books of Collations or Conferences of the Fathers of the Desert viz. of those Hermits whom he had seen in the Wilderness of Palestina which he dedicated to several eminent men He had already written the Institutions and manner of life of the Egyptian Monks and it is very probable that he proposed them for a pattern to his own Monasteries having left no other written Rule besides This Cassianus died in the year 448. and is now look'd upon very strangely by the Papists some of them chiefly at Marseilles and in Provence worshipping him as a Saint and others holding him for an Heretick who followed the errors of the Semipelagiens Caesarius Archbishop of Arles lived in the Sixth Age and was brought up in his Youth in the famous Monastery of the Lerins which was at that time the most renowned School for Learning where he made a considerable progress in his Studies We have of his Works forty six Homilies some Letters an exhortation to Charity a Treatise of the Ten Virgins some Rules for Nuns which he wrote in favour of Caesaria his own Sister who lived in a Monastery founded by him and are to be found in the VIII Tome of Bibliotheca Patrum 'T is said that Tetradius his Nephew wrote by his direction another Rule for Monks which is also to be seen there As for the first which is attributed to Caesarius it is so like to some spiritual instructions which St. Austin wrote for some devout Women who lived together with his Sister that some few words only being changed it seems to be the same Muta quaedam Verba Caesaris habes totam Regulam

to the Pope and be Confirmed by him but it is Just that for greater Spiritual Labours the Soul should receive a more ample Reward Thus does this Rule end dedicated to Saint Bridget by Christ himself I have extracted it from Hospinian and even for fear of being too long I have left out several things which would seem very ridiculous One may sufficiently see by what I have here related how blind the â—gnorance of those Times was This Order notwithstanding the fair Promises which Christ if we will believe Popish Lies made of heaping Blessings upon the Kingdoms Provinces Cities and Persons who should Found such Monasteries did not increase in that measure which this Bridget did hope for some few only were seen to start up here and there in Sweedland and some few others were built in England the first whereof was at Richmond in the year 1414. Of the Order of Guastalla THAT my Reader may understand better in what excess of misery these Monkish Orders composed both of Men and Women do end at last I have reserved for this place the Order of Guastalla It was Instituted in the year 1537 at Mantoua in Italy by a Countess called Guastalla at the instigation of Brother Baptista of Cremona a Dominican Fryar and was made up of Monks and Nuns who to overcome Fleshly Lusts did lay together a Monk with a Nun in one and the same Bed putting a big Wooden Cross between both which as they gave out had the Virtue to quench Rebellious Concupiscence But this Cross being but a very low Wall of Partition and several scandalous disorders and works of Darkness arising from this foolish Institution this infamous Order came to an end at last being destroyed all over Italy A TREATISE OF Military Orders Regular HAVING treated of Monastical Orders I thought I could not well forbear from saying something of those Military Orders who are under Religious Rules and Vows setting aside the others which for distinction from these are called Secular as is the Noble Order of the Garter in England that of St. Michael in France of the Annunciade in Savoy of the Golden Fleece in Spain and others who do not properly belong to Monastical History The most Ancient and also the most Famous of the Military Orders Regular is that of St. John of Jerusalem which went likewise formerly under the name of Rhodes and now under that of Malta Of the Order of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem alias of Rhodes now of Malta THIS Order was a very small thing in its beginning Some Merchants of the City of Melphi in the Kingdom of Naples in Italy who Traded into the East got permission from the Calif of Egypt to build for them and for those of their Nation who came in Pilgrimage into Palestina a House at Jerusalem paying for it a yearly Tribute Some while after they built also two Churches that of the Virgin Mary and that of St. Mary Magdalen the first for the Men and the other for the Women who went thither a Pilgrimaging This design encouraged some others to do the like who Founded likewise a Church and an Hospital in which care was taken of the Sick and of those who went to visit the Holy Places In the year of our Lord 1099 the Christians under the conduct of brave Godfrey of Bullen made themselves Masters of Jerusalem and the Hospitalers Brothers of St. John did not a little help towards it For observing that the Turks began to lose ground and to yield to the vigorous attack of the Besiegers they fell unawares on their Reer and with the help of all the other Christians of the Town they forced the Guards and opened the Gates of the City to the Besiegers One Gerard Tune was then their Director or Grand Master who having also signalized himself in the great fight at Ascalon King Godfrey gave for a Reward to the Hospitalers great Estates and Possessions to put them thereby in a condition to exercise Hospitality and resist the Barbarians that should osfer any injury to Pilgrims on the Highways King Baldwin Successor to Godfrey loved and favoured them mightily and it was under his Reign in the year 1104 that they took the Religious Habit to wit a black Casock and over it on the left Side a white Cross with eight Spikes obliging themselves by Vow to receive treat and defend Pilgrims and also to maintain with force of Arms the Christian Religion in their Country They followed St. Austin's Rule except in the Cononical Office being obliged instead of it to recite every day a certain number of Pater Nosters Gerard Tune added to it likewise some particular Constitutions About the year 1118 the Ruin of the Christian Affairs in the East forced the Hospitalers to leave Jerusalem and after the surrender of this City they retired themselves to Margat and thence to Aeri which they defended with great valour and followed John of Lusignan who gave them in his Kingdom of Cyprus Limisson where they staid till the year 1310. And in that very year they â—ook Rhodes under the Command of their Great Master Fâ—ulques of Villaret and the following year they defended it against an Army of Saracins with the assistance of Ame the IV. Earl of Savoy The Hospitalers took from hence the name of Knights of Rhodes but were chased since from thence by Solyman who took it from them in the year 1522 aâ—ter a brave Defence Rome offered iâ—s Bosom for their retreat and Pope Adrian the VI. gave to that Order the City of Viterbo and six years after the Emperor invited them to take possession of the Island of Malta in the Adriatick Sea to cover his Kingdom of Sicily from an Invasion They defended valiantly this lâ—ttle Island against the Turks under the Command of their Grand Master John de la Valette Parison These Infidels after the loss of four Months time of 78000 Cannon Shots of 15000 Soldiers and 8000 Seamen retired with great Confusion Both the Town and the Island have been since very strongly fortified The Order was composed of eight different Nations but since the separation of the English from the Church of home there are only seven The first is that of Provence the Head of which is Great Commander of that Religion The second is that of Auvergne and its Chief is Mareschal of the Order France is the third whose Chief is the Grand Hospitaler The fourth is Italy the Head of which is Admiral The fifth of Arragon hath the Charge of Great Conservator Germany is the sixth and hath that of Great Bayliff of the Order The seventh is Castiglia the Head whereof iâ— Great Chancellor England was formerlv the sixth and the Chief of it was Great Turcopolier of the Religion that is Colonel of the Horse Whosoever desires to be received into that Order ought to prove his Nobility for four Generations as well by his Mothers side as his Fathers to be twenty years old

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