Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	abatement_n	law_n	rate_n	15	3	10.4844	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A32833	A new discourse of trade wherein is recommended several weighty points relating to companies of merchants : the act of navigation, naturalization of strangers, and our woollen manufactures, the balance of trade, and the nature of plantations, and their consequences in relation to the kingdom, are seriously discussed and some proposals for erecting a court of merchants for determining controversies, relating to maritime affairs, and for a law for transferrance of bills of depts, are humbly offered / by Josiah Child.	Child, Josiah, Sir, 1630-1699.; Culpeper, Thomas, Sir, 1578-1662. Small treatise against usury.	1693 (1693)	Wing C3860; ESTC R5732	114,526	332

not_o the_o ●ffect_n of_o riches_n in_o holland_n they_o may_v take_v as_o much_o vse-money_n as_o they_o can_v get_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v former_o law_n in_o holland_n that_o reduce_v interest_n to_o 8_o and_o 6_o and_o afterward_o to_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o since_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o placart_n for_o which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o have_v be_v tell_v and_o do_v believe_v they_o have_v since_o reduce_v it_o by_o placart_n to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z as_o to_o their_o cantor_n and_o all_o public_a receipt_n which_o in_o holland_n be_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o general_a law_n for_o it_o because_o the_o most_o of_o their_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a public_a office_n or_o else_o into_o and_o out_o of_o their_o bank_n for_o which_o no_o use-money_n be_v allow_v which_o several_a gradual_a and_o successful_a abatement_n of_o interest_n do_v occasion_v their_o riches_n at_o first_o and_o bring_v their_o people_n to_o that_o consistency_n of_o wealth_n that_o they_o have_v since_o wrought_v themselves_o into_o such_o a_o abundance_n that_o there_o be_v more_o lender_n now_o than_a borrower_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v with_o we_o in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o the_o next_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v make_v by_o law_n which_o i_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o conclude_v not_o only_o from_o the_o visible_a operation_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o place_n but_o from_o fact_n and_o experience_n in_o this_o very_a case_n be_v certain_a that_o the_o goldsmith_n in_o london_n can_v have_v what_o money_n they_o will_v upon_o their_o servant_n note_n only_o at_o 4_o l._n and_o 4_o l._n 10_o s._n per_fw-la cent_z before_o the_o late_a emergency_n of_o state_n which_o i_o can_v demonstrate_v have_v very_o much_o obstruct_v the_o natural_a fall_n of_o interest_n with_o we_o something_o more_o i_o have_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o my_o former_a treatise_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v likewise_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o his_o three_o reason_n four_o he_o say_v that_o which_o i_o must_v prove_v to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n be_v that_o any_o country_n in_o the_o world_n from_o a_o poor_a and_o low_a condition_n while_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v make_v rich_a by_o bring_v it_o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z by_o a_o law_n i_o answer_v if_o the_o instance_n of_o holland_n and_o italy_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o this_o point_n yet_o that_o have_v prove_v which_o he_o can_v den●_n that_o our_o own_o kingdom_n have_v be_v enrich_v consequent_o constant_o and_o proportionable_o to_o and_o after_o our_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o law_n from_o a_o unlimited_a rate_n to_o 10_o from_z 10_o to_z 3_o and_z from_z 8_o to_z 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z i_o think_v it_o may_v rational_o be_v conclude_v that_o another_o abatement_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n will_v cause_v a_o further_a increase_n of_o riches_n a●_n it_o have_v do_v in_o holland_n from_o italy_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o gain_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o their_o legal_a interest_n but_o be_o advise_v that_o no_o take_n of_o use-money_n be_v allow_v by_o their_o pontificial_a law_n the_o interest_n now_o take_v there_o which_o be_v general_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v do_v only_o by_o dispensation_n of_o pope_n ●aul_v the_o five_o and_o that_o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n can_v recover_v interest_n of_o money_n there_o if_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v pay_v it_o can_v prove_v he_o have_v not_o gain_v the_o value_n of_o the_o interest_n demand_v now_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n whether_o that_o practice_n of_o holland_n and_o this_o of_o italy_n where_o the_o romish_a churchman_n have_v so_o great_a power_n who_o be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n and_o may_v by_o their_o auricular_a confessor_n of_o all_o offence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o law_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o money_n in_o those_o country_n be_v fontificial_a do_v not_o amount_v in_o effect_n to_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n in_o england_n but_o to_o deal_v more_o ingenuous_o with_o my_o opposer_n than_o he_o have_v do_v with_o i_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o much_o riches_n will_v occasion_v in_o any_o kingdom_n a_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o yet_o t●at_a do_v not_o hinder_v but_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o riches_n for_o if_o trade_n be_v that_o which_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n and_o lower_v of_o interest_n advance_v trade_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v then_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n or_o more_o proper_o restrain_v of_o usury_n which_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o all_o other_o wise_a and_o rich_a people_n in_o the_o world_n do_v always_o drive_v at_o be_v doubtless_o a_o primary_n and_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o na●ion_n it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o say_v nor_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v both_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o effect_n peace_n beget_v plenty_n and_o plenty_n may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o preserve_v peace_n fear_n beget_v hatred_n and_o hatred_n fear_v the_o diligent_a hand_n make_v rich_a and_o riches_n make_v man_n diligent_a so_o true_a be_v the_o proverb_n creseit_n amor_fw-la nummi_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pecunia_fw-la erescit_fw-la love_n we_o say_v beget_v love_n the_o fertility_n of_o a_o country_n may_v cause_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o people_n may_v cause_v the_o further_o and_o great_a fertility_n of_o a_o country_n liberty_n and_o property_n conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o any_o country_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o emprovement_n conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n as_o well_o as_o secure_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n strength_n and_o health_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a digestion_n and_o a_o good_a digestion_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n and_o increase_n of_o strength_n and_o as_o a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a honour_n pertinent_o instance_a at_o a_o late_a debate_n upon_o this_o question_n a_o egg_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o a_o hen_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o egg_n the_o incomparable_a lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o say_v pag._n 245_o of_o that_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n that_o his_o fortune_n work_v upon_o his_o nature_n &_o his_o nature_n upon_o his_o fortune_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o nation_n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n cause_v a_o increase_n of_o wealth_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n may_v cause_v a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o that_o be_v best_a do_v by_o the_o midwifery_n of_o good_a law_n which_o be_v what_o i_o plead_v for_o the_o corrupt_a nature_n of_o man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o decline_v to_o vice_n then_o incline_v to_o virtue_n folio_n 15._o he_o affirm_v land_n be_v not_o rise_v in_o purchase_n nor_o rent_n improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n that_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o land_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n only_o i_o will_v entreat_v they_o not_o to_o depend_v upon_o their_o memory_n alone_o but_o to_o command_v particular_a account_n to_o be_v give_v they_o what_o sum_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v give_v 40_o or_o 50_o year_n pass_v for_o any_o entire_a farm_n or_o manor_n they_o now_o know_v and_o i_o doubt_v ●ot_n but_o they_o will_v find_v that_o most_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v double_a the_o say_a sum_n of_o money_n now_o notwithstanding_o the_o present_a great_a pressure_n that_o land_n lie_v under_o which_o ought_v mature_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o when_o this_o judgement_n be_v make_v i_o rather_o desire_v the_o enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o gross_a sum_n of_o money_n pay_v than_o the_o year_n purchase_v as_o be_v less_o fallible_a because_o many_o farm_n have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n so_o rack_v up_o in_o rent_n that_o it_o may_v be_v they_o will_v not_o yield_v more_o year_n purchase_v now_o according_a to_o the_o present_a rent_n than_o they_o will_v many_o year_n past_a and_o yet_o may_v yield_v double_a the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o because_o the_o rent_n be_v much_o less_o then_o fol._n 15._o he_o impertinent_o quarrel_n at_o my_o instance_n of_o ireland_n say_v i_o quote_v it_o sometime_o to_o prove_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n pag._n 8._o and_o sometime_o the_o mischief_n of_o high_a interest_n

because_o custom_n run_v only_o upon_o our_o good_n import_v or_o export_v and_o that_o but_o once_o for_o all_o whereas_o interest_n run_v as_o well_o upon_o our_o ship_n as_o good_n and_o must_v be_v yearly_o pay_v on_o both_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o be_v and_o the_o ship_n in_o many_o bulkey_n trade_n and_o such_o as_o be_v national_o most_o profitable_a be_v of_o four_o time_n the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n that_o old_a objection_n about_o widow_n and_o orphan_n i_o have_v i_o think_v full_o answer_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n but_o because_o i_o yet_o sometime_o meet_v with_o it_o i_o shall_v say_v a_o word_n more_o to_o it_o here_o viz._n 1._o widow_n and_o orphan_n be_v not_o one_o to_o twenty_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o lawmaker_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o majority_n of_o people_n though_o a_o minor_a part_n shall_v a_o little_a suffer_v 2._o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n not_o one_o in_o forty_o will_v suffer_v by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n for_o these_o reason_n viz._n 1_o st_o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n nine_o of_o ten_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v very_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o leave_v they_o by_o their_o decease_a relation_n and_o all_o such_o will_v have_v a_o advantage_n by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o such_o abatement_n will_v increase_v trade_n and_o in_o consequence_n occasion_v more_o employment_n for_o such_o necessitous_a person_n 2_o dly_z many_o widow_n and_o orphan_n have_v jointure_n annuity_n coppy-holds_a and_o other_o land_n leave_v they_o as_o well_o as_o money_n and_o all_o such_o will_v be_v gainer_n by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n 3_o dly_z for_o all_o london_n orphan_n the_o city_n give_v not_o now_o above_o 5_o and_o to_o some_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n so_o the_o loss_n to_o such_o be_v not_o worth_a speak_v of_o 4_o thly_a many_o executor_n be_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o allow_v orphan_n no_o interest_n and_o yet_o justify_v themselves_o by_o law_n to_o such_o orphan_n it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o what_o the_o legal_a rate_n of_o interest_n be_v 5_o thly_a when_o the_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v past_a many_o more_o parent_n will_v leave_v their_o child_n annuity_n and_o estate_n run_v in_o trade_n as_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n and_o italy_n whereby_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v become_v profitable_a not_o prejudicial_a to_o they_o and_o for_o the_o few_o that_o at_o first_o may_v happen_v to_o suffer_v whereof_o the_o number_n will_v be_v very_o small_a and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v name_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v a_o easy_a mean_n within_o their_o own_o power_n to_o prevent_v their_o be_v one_o farthing_n the_o worse_a for_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n it_o be_v but_o wear_v a_o lawn-whisk_n instead_o of_o a_o point_n de_fw-fr venice_n and_o for_o the_o mean_a sort_n a_o serge_n pettycoat_n instead_o of_o a_o silk_n one_o and_o a_o plain_a pair_n of_o shoe_n instead_o of_o lace_a one_o and_o that_o the_o lady_n may_v not_o be_v offend_v with_o i_o i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o this_o will_v never_o spoil_v but_o mend_v their_o marriage_n beside_o the_o great_a good_n it_o will_v bring_v to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o whether_o they_o prove_v to_o be_v nobleman_n gentleman_n or_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v in_o several_a place_n of_o my_o ensue_a treatise_n refer_v to_o some_o tract_n i_o former_o publish_v upon_o this_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o whole_o out_o of_o print_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o re-print_n and_o annex_v unto_o this_o which_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v not_o some_o there_o be_v who_o will_v grant_v that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v will_v procure_v to_o the_o nation_n all_o the_o good_a that_o i_o allege_v it_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o but_o say_v it_o be_v not_o practicable_a or_o at_o least_o not_o now_o 1._o a_o needless_a scruple_n and_o contradictory_n to_o experience_n for_o first_o a_o law_n have_v abate_v interest_n in_o england_n three_o time_n within_o these_o few_o year_n already_o and_o what_o shall_v hinder_v its_o effect_n now_o more_o than_o former_o 2._o if_o a_o law_n will_v not_o do_v it_o why_o do_v the_o usurer_n raise_v such_o a_o dust_n and_o engage_v so_o many_o friend_n to_o oppose_v the_o pass_n of_o a_o act_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o do_v it_o as_o it_o have_v do_v already_o though_o they_o will_v persuade_v other_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v doubt_v we_o have_v not_o money_n enough_o in_o england_n beside_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o riches_n in_o general_a i_o shall_v here_o give_v some_o further_a reason_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o case_n to_o prove_v that_o we_o have_v now_o much_o more_o money_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a notwithstanding_o the_o seem_a scarcity_n at_o present_a if_o i_o shall_v look_v further_o back_o then_o twenty_o year_n the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a on_o my_o side_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n great_a and_o more_o perspicuous_a but_o i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o that_o time_n which_o be_v within_o most_o man_n memory_n 1._o we_o give_v general_o now_o one_o three_o more_o money_n with_o apprentice_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 2._o notwithstanding_o the_o decay_n and_o loss_n of_o sundry_a trade_n and_o manufacture_n yet_o in_o the_o gross_a we_o ship_n off_o now_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o the_o manufacture_n as_o also_o lead_v and_o tin_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a which_o be_v a_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o a_o proof_n of_o our_o increase_n of_o money_n if_o any_o doubt_v this_o if_o they_o please_v to_o consult_v mr_n dickins_n surveyor_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n who_o be_v the_o best_a able_a i_o know_v live_v and_o have_v take_v the_o most_o pain_n in_o these_o calculation_n he_o may_v be_v satisfactory_o resolve_v 3._o house_n new_o build_v in_o london_n yield_v twice_o the_o rent_n they_o do_v before_o the_o fire_n and_o house_n general_o immediate_o before_o the_o fire_n yield_v about_o one_o four_o part_n more_o rent_n than_o they_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 4._o the_o speedy_a and_o costly_a building_n of_o london_n be_v a_o convince_a and_o to_o stranger_n a_o amaze_a argument_n of_o the_o plenty_n and_o late_o increase_v of_o money_n in_o england_n 5._o we_o have_v now_o more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o merchant_n ship_n we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a 6._o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n from_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o money_n be_v strange_o alter_v within_o these_o twenty_o year_n most_o payment_n from_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n be_v now_o make_v with_o ready_a money_n whereas_o former_o the_o course_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n run_v at_o three_o six_o nine_o twelve_o and_o eighteen_o month_n time_n but_o if_o this_o case_n be_v so_o clear_a some_o may_v ask_v i_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n complain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n especial_o in_o the_o country_n my_o answer_n to_o this_o query_n be_v viz._n 1._o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o frailty_n and_o corruption_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o present_a and_o commend_v the_o time_n past_a so_o say_v they_o of_o old_a the_o former_a day_n be_v better_a than_o these_o and_o i_o can_v say_v in_o truth_n upon_o my_o own_o memory_n that_o man_n do_v complain_v as_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n ever_o since_o i_o know_v the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v now_o nay_o the_o very_a same_o person_n that_o now_o complain_v of_o this_o and_o commend_v that_o time_n 2._o and_o more_o particular_o this_o complaint_n proceed_v from_o many_o man_n find_n themselves_o uneasy_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o religion_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n when_o they_o be_v discontent_v at_o one_o thing_n to_o complain_v of_o all_o and_o principal_o to_o utter_v their_o discontent_n and_o complaint_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o popular_a those_o that_o hate_v a_o man_n for_o some_o one_o cause_n will_v seldom_o allow_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a in_o he_o and_o some_o that_o be_v angry_a with_o one_o person_n or_o thing_n will_v find_v fault_n with_o other_o that_o give_v they_o no_o offence_n like_o peevish_a person_n that_o meet_v discontent_n

lose_v to_o the_o nation_n whereas_o if_o a_o dutch_a man_n lend_v money_n to_o a_o englishman_n he_o at_o length_n carry_v home_o both_o principal_a and_o interest_n which_o interest_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o be_v a_o c●ear_a loss_n to_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a that_o i_o hope_v my_o opposer_n when_o he_o have_v think_v upon_o it_o again_o will_v not_o upbraid_v i_o for_o beg_v the_o question_n because_o i_o trouble_v not_o the_o reader_n with_o the_o particular_a proof_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o i_o hear_v no_o man_n deny_v and_o therefore_o conclude_v every_o man_n will_v grant_v for_o whether_o snow_n be_v white_a be_v not_o to_o be_v dispute_v in_o his_o second_o assertion_n likewise_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n tend_v to_o the_o engross_n of_o trade_n into_o a_o few_o rich_a man_n hand_n to_o the_o exclude_v of_o young_a man_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o understand_a merchant_n and_o rational_a man_n whether_o the_o gentleman_n be_v not_o miserable_o mistake_v and_o whether_o the_o never-failing_a effect_n of_o a_o high_a interest_n all_o the_o world_n over_o be_v not_o to_o enrich_v a_o few_o great_o and_o impoverish_v the_o generality_n of_o trader_n so_o it_o be_v in_o turkey_n where_o interest_n be_v at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o upward_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v those_o honest_a and_o worthy_a turkey_n merchant_n who_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o exchange_n and_o have_v live_v long_o in_o that_o country_n and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o we_o here_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_o upward_o as_o i_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o sutton_n gresliam_fw-la craven_n and_o spencer_n so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v natural_o blind_a or_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n who_o do_v not_o see_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v a_o diffusive_a principle_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o few_o great_a and_o rich_a merchant_n who_o estate_n be_v personal_a except_o they_o have_v also_o great_a soul_n can_v bear_v the_o discourse_n of_o abate_v interest_n with_o more_o patience_n than_o usurer_n well_o know_v that_o it_o must_v necessary_o retrench_v their_o present_a profit_n by_o increase_a the_o number_n of_o trader_n which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o small_a loss_n to_o individual_n will_v be_v a_o vast_a gain_n to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o pag._n 12._o his_o word_n be_v that_o in_o my_o instance_n of_o old_a audley_n observe_v that_o 100_o l._n at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v in_o 70_o year_n amount_v to_o 100000_o l._n he_o affirm_v i_o be_o no_o less_o mistake_v than_o in_o other_o thing_n true_o if_o i_o have_v mistake_v no_o more_o in_o other_o thing_n than_o in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o untrodden_a path_n as_o this_o i_o have_v fail_v much_o less_o than_o i_o can_v hope_v for_o to_o demonstrate_v which_o i_o have_v here_o insert_v a_o short_a table_n show_v that_o 100_o l._n at_o that_o rate_n rise_v within_o a_o trifle_n to_o 200_o l._n in_o seven_o year_n interest_n upon_o interest_n so_o that_o the_o usual_a account_n be_v and_o be_v former_o that_o money_n double_v once_o in_o seven_o year_n at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z according_a to_o which_o rule_n 100_o l._n in_o seventy_o year_n amount_n to_o 102400_o l._n one_o hundred_o pound_n at_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n increase_v thus_o viz._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n at_o first_o 100_o 00_o 00_o at_o 3_o month_n it_o be_v 102_o 10_o 00_o at_o 6_o month_n 105_o 1_o 03_o at_o 9_o month_n 107_o 13_o 9_o at_o 12_o month_n 110_o 07_o 7_o at_o 1_o year_n ●_o 4_o 113_o 02_o 9_o at_o 1_o year_n ●_o ●_o 115_o 19_o 4_o at_o 1_o year_n ●_o 4_o 118_o 17_o 4_o at_o 2_o year_n 121_o 16_o 9_o at_o 2_o year_n ●_o 4_o 124_o 17_o 8_o at_o 2_o year_n ●_o 2_o 128_o 00_o 1_o at_o 2_o year_n ¾_n 131_o 4_o 1_o at_o 3_o year_n 134_o 9_o 9_o at_o 3_o year_n ●_o 4_o 137_o 17_o 0_o at_o 3_o year_n 1_o ●_o 141_o 5_o 10_o at_o 3_o year_n ¾_n 144_o 16_o 6_o at_o 4_o year_n 148_o 8_o 11_o at_o 4_o year_n ¼_n 152_o 3_o 1_o at_o 4_o year_n ½_n 155_o 19_o 2_o at_o 4_o year_n ¾_n 159_o 17_o 2_o at_o 5_o year_n 163_o 17_o 1_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 167_o 19_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ½_n 172_o 3_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ¾_n 176_o 9_o 1_o at_o 6_o year_n 180_o 17_o 3_o at_o 6_o year_n ¼_n 185_o 7_o 9_o at_o 6_o year_n 1_o ●_o 190_o 5_o 0_o at_o 6_o year_n ¼_n 194_o 15_o 5_o at_o 7_o year_n 199_o 12_o 10_o suppose_v one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o double_a in_o seven_o year_n at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o increase_n be_v viz._n  _fw-fr l._n at_o first_o 100_o at_o 7_o year_n 200_o at_o 14_o year_n 400_o at_o 21_o year_n 800_o at_o 28_o year_n 1600_o at_o 35_o year_n 3200_o at_o 42_o year_n 6400_o at_o 49_o year_n 12800_o at_o 56_o year_n 25600_o at_o 63_o year_n 51200_o at_o 70_o year_n 102400_o pag._n 13._o he_o say_v that_o i_o make_v use_n of_o the_o abuse_n of_o interest_n which_o no_o man_n plead_v for_o annex_v a_o discourse_n against_o interest_n write_v in_o 1621._o when_o it_o be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z endeavour_v thereby_o to_o impose_v a_o belief_n that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o write_v tha●_n discourse_n be_v of_o my_o mind_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n be_v content_v with_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z because_o within_o four_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v down_o to_o that_o rate_n and_o that_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v write_v further_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o may_v live_v till_o after_o four_o year_n i_o answer_v that_o through_o the_o mercy_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o patriot_n of_o his_o country_n old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n who_o i_o have_v since_o be_v assure_v be_v the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n do_v live_v above_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o write_n thereof_o and_o then_o publish_v a_o second_o treatise_n which_o be_v late_o reprint_v by_o his_o worthy_a son_n which_o second_o treatise_n be_v now_o to_o be_v have_v at_o mr_n wilkinson_n over_o against_o st_n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n which_o i_o will_v advise_v my_o opposer_n to_o read_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v be_v more_o modest_a hereafter_o then_o to_o miscall_a the_o most_o natural_a and_o rational_a conclusion_n imposings_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o insert_v a_o few_o line_n out_o of_o it_o to_o the_o present_a purpose_n viz._n old_a sir_n thomas_n speak_v of_o the_o certain_a good_a effect_n of_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z pag._n 19_o of_o his_o second_o treatise_n say_v this_o good_a success_n do_v call_v upon_o we_o not_o to_o rest_v here_o but_o that_o we_o bring_v the_o use_n for_o money_n to_o a_o low_a rate_n which_o now_o i_o suppose_v will_v find_v no_o opposition_n for_o all_o objection_n which_o before_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v against_o it_o be_v now_o answer_v by_o the_o success_n &_o most_o certain_o the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n by_o call_v the_o use_n for_o money_n down_o from_o 8_o to_o 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z than_o it_o be_v from_o call_v it_o down_o from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o shall_v not_o comment_v upon_o his_o word_n but_o only_o declare_v that_o in_o truth_n i_o never_o hear_v of_o this_o treatise_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o to_o the_o like_a effect_n when_o i_o write_v i_o pag._n 13._o the_o gentleman_n b●ings_v ●p_v his_o battalion_n and_o like_o a_o stout_a champion_n for_o the_o ●lie_n and_o timorous_a heard-of-usurer_n plant_n his_o main_a battery_n against_o that_o part_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v weak_a viz._n that_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n and_o he_o positive_o deny_v that_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n &_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o four_o argument_n which_o i_o shall_v particular_o answer_v in_o a_o due_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n use_v my_o own_o method_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o improve_v the_o riches_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o i_o prove_v it_o thus_o 1._o whatever_o do_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n must_v be_v

have_v engage_v i_o into_o this_o unpleasing_a controversy_n wherein_o i_o have_v give_v unwilling_a offence_n to_o all_o my_o near_a relation_n and_o know_v at_o first_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o do_v so_o most_o of_o they_o be_v such_o as_o age_n and_o wisdom_n have_v instruct_v rather_o to_o be_v box-keeper_n than_o gamester_n i_o have_v beforementioned_a the_o judgement_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o court_n but_o intend_v not_o to_o recite_v the_o edict_n be_v it_o be_v at_o large_a in_o sir_n thomas_n culpepper_v senior_a his_o last_o treatise_n yet_o on_o second_o thought_n consider_v all_o man_n perhaps_o may_v not_o come_v to_o a_o sight_n of_o that_o and_o find_v the_o say_a edict_n so_o comprehensive_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o this_o controversy_n i_o have_v here_o recite_v it_o the_o king_n by_o these_o edict_n have_v nothing_o relieve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o nobility_n if_o he_o have_v not_o provide_v for_o usury_n which_o have_v ruin_v many_o good_a and_o ancient_a house_n fill_v town_n with_o unprofitable_a servant_n and_o the_o country_n with_o misery_n and_o inhumanities_n he_o find_v the_o rent_n viz._n usury_n constitute_v after_o 10_o or_o 8_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v ruin_v many_o good_a family_n hinder_v the_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o merchandize_n and_o make_v tillage_n and_o handicraft_n to_o be_v neglect_v many_o desire_v through_o the_o easiness_n of_o a_o deceitful_a gain_n to_o live_v idle_o in_o good_a town_n of_o their_o rent_n rather_o than_o to_o give_v themselves_o with_o any_o pain_n to_o liberal_a art_n or_o to_o till_o or_o husband_n their_o inheritance_n for_o this_o reason_n mean_v to_o invite_v his_o subject_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o with_o more_o just_a gain_n to_o content_v themselves_o with_o more_o moderate_a profit_n and_o to_o give_v the_o nobility_n mean_v to_o pay_v their_o debt_n he_o do_v forbid_v all_o usury_n or_o constitution_n of_o rent_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n than_o six_o pound_n five_o shilling_n in_o the_o hundred_o the_o edict_n be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n which_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v always_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o give_v money_n to_o usury_n for_o it_o be_v a_o serpent_n who_o bite_v be_v not_o apparent_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o sensible_a that_o it_o peirce_v the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o best_a family_n the_o whole_a of_o this_o controversy_n lie_v narrow_o in_o these_o two_o short_a question_n viz._n will_v abatement_n of_o interest_n improve_v trade_n second_o will_v it_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o land_n the_o collective_a unite_a body_n of_o the_o government_n of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o kingdom_n express_o say_v it_o will_v do_v both_o and_o experience_n cry_v aloud_o that_o so_o it_o will_v do_v and_o have_v do_v in_o all_o age_n and_o in_o all_o place_n and_o i_o never_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o private_a person_n how_o much_o soever_o concern_v in_o interest_n that_o have_v the_o ignorance_n or_o confidence_n to_o deny_v both_o for_o discourse_v with_o a_o country_n usurer_n he_o will_v affirm_v and_o perhaps_o be_v ready_a to_o swear_v to_o it_o that_o this_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v a_o knavish_a design_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o advance_v themselves_o who_o be_v too_o proud_a already_o and_o that_o if_o it_o go_v forward_o it_o will_v undo_v all_o the_o country_n gentleman_n in_o england_n and_o if_o one_o speak_v with_o the_o city_n usurer_n they_o will_v be_v as_o ready_a to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o plot_n carry_v on_o only_o by_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n be_v all_o in_o land_n for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o that_o it_o will_v spoil_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o project_n at_o one_o instant_a to_o take_v off_o just_a one_o three_o of_o all_o man_n estate_n that_o be_v personal_a and_o add_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o all_o such_o who_o estate_n be_v real_a which_o in_o effect_n be_v to_o impoverish_v all_o the_o young_a and_o enrich_v all_o elder_a brother_n in_o england_n so_o that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a adversary_n to_o this_o principle_n it_o may_v be_v just_o conclude_v that_o though_o single_o they_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o yet_o joint_o they_o confess_v it_o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v nothing_o that_o i_o have_v say_v or_o that_o i_o think_v any_o other_o can_v say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n but_o be_v say_v in_o substance_n before_o by_o old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n tho●gh_o unknown_a to_o i_o who_o have_v a_o ampel_v and_o clear_a sight_n into_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o this_o principle_n and_o the_o true_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o it_o truth_n be_v always_o the_o same_o though_o illustration_n may_v vary_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n now_o be_v object_v against_o the_o make_n a_o law_n for_o a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o the_o same_o that_o be_v object_v in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o former_a statute_n pass_v so_o that_o why_o my_o opposer_n shall_v cavil_v at_o the_o do_v of_o that_o by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n now_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o ●ike_v well_o if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v i_o know_v no_o real_a cause_n except_o it_o be_v that_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v certain_o do_v the_o work_n as_o it_o have_v do_v former_o and_o in_o consequence_n his_o own_o private_a gain_n will_v be_v retrench_v before_o i_o conclude_v i_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o caution_n to_o my_o countryman_n to_o let_v they_o know_v what_o effect_n these_o discourse_n have_v have_v on_o other_o when_o i_o write_v my_o first_o treatise_n interest_n be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o barbadoes_n at_o 15_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la where_o it_o be_v since_o by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o country_n bring_v down_o to_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n a_o great_a fall_n at_o once_o and_o our_o weekly_a gazette_n do_v some_o month_n pass_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o sweed_n by_o a_o law_n have_v bring_v down_o their_o interest_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v any_o good_a effect_n upon_o we_o but_o certain_o the_o contrary_a except_o by_o way_n of_o emulation_n they_o quicken_v we_o to_o provide_v in_o time_n for_o our_o own_o good_a and_o prosperity_n i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o therein_o discharge_v my_o duty_n to_o my_o native_a country_n and_o though_o ignorance_n malice_n or_o private_a interest_n may_v yet_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v it_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o wisdom_n of_o my_o countryman_n will_v at_o length_n find_v their_o true_a and_o general_a interest_n in_o the_o establishment_n of_o such_o a_o law_n which_o as_o to_o my_o own_o particular_a concernment_n signify_v not_o two_o farthing_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o not_o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o relief_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o poor_a this_o be_v a_o calm_a subject_n and_o thwart_v no_o common_a or_o private_a interest_n among_o we_o except_o that_o of_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n the_o devil_n so_o i_o hope_v that_o what_o shall_v be_v offer_v towards_o the_o effect_n of_o so_o universal_o acceptable_a a_o work_n as_o this_o and_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o innumerable_a inconvenience_n that_o do_v now_o and_o have_v in_o all_o age_n attend_v this_o kingdom_n through_o defect_n of_o such_o provision_n for_o the_o poor_a will_v not_o be_v ill_o take_v although_o the_o plaster_n at_o first_o essay_n do_v not_o exact_o fit_v the_o sore_a in_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v first_o assert_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o think_v be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v occasion_n to_o proceed_v to_o what_o be_v more_o doubtful_a 1._o that_o our_o poor_a in_o england_n have_v always_o be_v in_o a_o most_o sad_a and_o wretched_a condition_n some_o famish_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n other_o starve_v with_o cold_a and_o nakedness_n and_o many_o whole_a family_n in_o all_o the_o out_o part_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n common_o remain_v in_o a_o languish_a nasty_a and_o useless_a condition_n uncomfortable_a to_o themselves_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v confess_v and_o lament_v by_o all_o men._n 2._o that_o the_o child_n of_o our_o poor_a breed_v up_o in_o buggery_n and_o laziness_n do_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v not_o only_o of_o unhealthy_a body_n and_o more_o than_o ordinary_o subject_a to_o many_o loathsome_a disease_n whereof_o very_a many_o die_n in_o their_o tender_a age_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o do_v arrive_v to_o year_n and_o strength_n they_o be_v by_o their_o idle_a habit_n contract_v in_o their_o youth_n render_v for_o ever_o after_o indispose_v to_o labour_n and_o serve_v only_o to_o stock_n the_o

last_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n with_o they_o which_o in_o peaceable_a time_n exceed_v not_o three_o per_n cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o be_v now_o during_o this_o war_n with_o england_n not_o above_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o most_o some_o more_o particular_n may_v be_v add_v and_o those_o aforesaid_a further_o improve_v be_v it_o my_o purpose_n to_o discourse_v at_o large_a of_o trade_n but_o see_v most_o of_o the_o former_a particular_n be_v observe_v and_o grant_v by_o all_o man_n that_o make_v it_o any_o part_n of_o their_o business_n to_o inspect_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o principle_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o last_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o most_o ingenious_a to_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o commerce_n of_o that_o people_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o paper_n confine_v myself_o to_o write_v principal_o my_o observation_n touch_v that_o viz._n the_o profit_n that_o people_n have_v receive_v and_o any_o other_o may_v receive_v by_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o a_o very_a low_a rate_n this_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n be_v the_o causa_fw-la causans_fw-la of_o all_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o that_o people_n and_o that_o if_o interest_n of_o money_n be_v with_o we_o reduce_v to_o the_o same_o rate_n it_o be_v with_o they_o it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n render_v we_o as_o rich_a and_o considerable_a in_o trade_n as_o they_o now_o be_v and_o consequent_o be_v of_o great_a damage_n to_o they_o and_o advantage_n to_o we_o then_o can_v happen_v by_o the_o issue_n of_o this_o present_a war_n though_o the_o success_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o good_a as_o we_o can_v wish_v except_o it_o end_v in_o the●r_n total_a ruin_n and_o extirpation_n to_o illustrate_v this_o let_v we_o impartial_o search_v our_o book_n and_o inquire_v what_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v as_o to_o trade_n and_o riches_n before_o any_o law_n concern_v interest_n of_o money_n be_v make_v the_o first_o whereof_o that_o i_o can_v find_v be_v anno_fw-la 1545._o and_o we_o shall_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n then_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o the_o merchant_n very_o mean_a and_o few_o and_o that_o afterward_o viz._n anno_fw-la 1635._o within_o ten_o year_n after_o interest_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o eight_o per_fw-la cent_z there_o be_v more_o merchant_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o exchange_n worth_n each_o one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o upward_o than_o be_v in_o the_o former_a day_n viz._n before_o the_o year_n 1600._o to_o be_v find_v worth_n one_o hundred_o pound_n each_o and_o now_o since_o interest_n have_v be_v for_o about_o twenty_o year_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_z notwithstanding_o our_o long_a civil_a war_n and_o the_o great_a complaint_n of_o the_o deadness_n of_o trade_n there_o be_v more_o man_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o exchange_n now_o worth_a ten_o thousand_o pound_n estate_n than_o be_v then_o of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o if_o this_o be_v doubt_v let_v we_o ask_v the_o age_a whether_o five_o hundred_o pound_n portion_n with_o a_o daughter_n sixty_o year_n ago_o be_v not_o esteem_v a_o large_a proportion_n than_o two_o thousand_o pound_n be_v now_o and_o whether_o gentlewoman_n in_o those_o day_n will_v not_o esteem_v themselves_o well_o clothe_v in_o a_o serge_n gown_n which_o a_o chambermaid_n now_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v se●n_v in_o whether_o our_o citizen_n and_o middle_a sort_n of_o gentry_n now_o be_v not_o more_o rich_a in_o clothes_n plate_n jewel_n and_o household-good_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o whether_o our_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n now_o do_v not_o exceed_v by_o much_o in_o those_o thing_n the_o nobility_n of_o england_n sixty_o year_n past_a many_o of_o who_o then_o will_v not_o go_v to_o the_o price_n of_o a_o whole_a sattin-doublet_n the_o embroiderer_n be_v yet_o live_v who_o have_v assure_v i_o he_o have_v make_v many_o hundred_o of_o they_o for_o the_o nobility_n with_o canvas_n back_n which_o way_n ever_o we_o take_v our_o measure_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v evident_a that_o since_o our_o first_o abatement_n of_o interest_n the_o riches_n and_o splendour_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v increase_v to_o above_o four_o i_o may_v say_v above_o six_o time_o so_o much_o as_o it_o be_v we_o have_v now_o almost_o one_o hundred_o coach_n for_o one_o we_o have_v former_o we_o with_o ease_n can_v pay_v a_o great_a tax_n now_o in_o one_o year_n than_o our_o fore_n father_n can_v in_o twenty_o our_o custom_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v i_o believe_v above_o the_o proportion_n aforesaid_a of_o six_o to_o one_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o advance_v of_o the_o rate_n of_o good_n as_o by_o increase_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n for_o though_o some_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v advance_v other_o of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n be_v considerable_o abate_v by_o the_o last_o book_n of_o rate_n i_o can_v myself_o remember_v since_o there_o be_v not_o in_o london_n use_v so_o many_o wharf_n or_o key_n for_o the_o land_n of_o merchant_n good_n by_o at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n as_o now_o there_o be_v and_o those_o that_o be_v then_o can_v scarce_o have_v employment_n for_o half_a what_o they_o can_v do_v and_o now_o notwithstanding_o one_o three_o more_o use_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n they_o be_v all_o too_o little_a in_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n to_o land_n the_o good_n at_o that_o come_v to_o london_n if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o country_n we_o shall_v find_v land_n as_o much_o improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n as_o trade_n etc._n etc._n in_o city_n that_o now_o yield_v twenty_o year_n purchase_v which_o then_o will_v not_o have_v sell_v for_o above_o eight_o or_o ten_o at_o most_o beside_o the_o rent_n of_o farm_n have_v be_v for_o these_o last_o thirty_o year_n much_o advance_v and_o although_o they_o have_v for_o these_o th●ee_o or_o four_o last_o year_n fall_v that_o have_v no_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n at_o present_a nor_o to_o the_o other_o mistake_v reason_n which_o be_v common_o assign_v for_o it_o but_o principal_o to_o the_o vast_a improvement_n of_o ●reland_n since_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v late_o possess_v by_o the_o industrous_a english_a who_o be_v soldier_n in_o the_o late_a a●my_n and_o the_o late_a great_a land-tax_n more_o may_v be_v say_v but_o the_o premise_n be_v consider_v i_o judge_v will_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v how_o great_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v be_v advance_v in_o all_o respect_n for_o these_o last_o fifty_o year_n and_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o i_o seem_v most_o probable_a because_o as_o it_o appear_v it_o have_v be_v in_o england_n so_o i_o find_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o all_o europe_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o to_o know_v whether_o any_o country_n be_v rich_a or_o poor_a or_o in_o what_o proportion_n it_o be_v so_o no_o other_o question_n nee_v to_o be_v resolve_v but_o this_o viz._n what_o interest_n do_v they_o pay_v for_o money_n near_o home_o we_o see_v it_o evident_o in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n where_o ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v pay_v for_o interest_n the_o people_n be_v poor_a and_o despicable_a their_o person_n ill_o clothe_v their_o house_n worse_o provide_v and_o money_n intolerable_o scarce_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n of_o all_o provision_n nor_o will_v their_o land_n yield_v above_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n purchase_v at_o most_o in_o france_n where_o money_n be_v at_o seven_o per_fw-mi cent_z their_o land_n will_v yield_v about_o eighteen_o year_n purchase_v and_o the_o gentry_n who_o may_v possess_v land_n live_v in_o good_a condition_n though_o the_o peasant_n be_v little_o better_o than_o slave_n because_o they_o can_v possess_v nothing_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o other_o in_o italy_n money_n will_v not_o yield_v above_o three_o per_fw-la cent_z to_o be_v let_v out_o upon_o real_a security_n there_o the_o people_n be_v rich_a full_a of_o trade_n well_o attire_v and_o their_o land_n will_v sell_v at_o thirty_o five_o to_o forty_o year_n purchase_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o or_o better_a with_o they_o in_o holland_n be_v too_o manifest_a in_o spain_n the_o usual_a interest_n be_v ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o there_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v the_o only_a trade_n in_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n be_v no_o where_n more_o scarce_o the_o people_n poor_a despicable_a and_o void_a of_o commerce_n other_o than_o such_o as_o

a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 2._o whatever_o do_v improve_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 3._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 4._o whatever_o do_v multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 5._o whatever_o do_v incline_v the_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 6._o whatever_o do_v employ_v the_o poor_a must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 7._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o people_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n now_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o experience_n for_o certain_o anno_fw-la 1621._o the_o currant_n price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n be_v twelve_o year_n purchase_v and_o so_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o many_o ancient_a man_n who_o i_o have_v query_v particular_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o find_v it_o so_o by_o purchase_n make_v about_o that_o time_n by_o my_o own_o relation_n and_o acquaintance_n and_o i_o presume_v that_o any_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n of_o england_n by_o only_o command_v the_o steward_n of_o their_o manor_n to_o give_v they_o list_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o farm_n that_o their_o grandfather_n or_o father_n buy_v or_o sell_v fifty_o year_n past_a will_v find_v that_o the_o same_o farm_n to_o be_v now_o sell_v will_v yield_v one_o with_o another_o at_o least_o treble_a the_o money_n and_o in_o some_o case_n six_o time_n the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o which_o i_o submit_v still_o to_o the_o single_a and_o joint_a judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v the_o great_a owner_n of_o our_o territory_n be_v in_o their_o private_a as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n the_o most_o proper_a and_o experimental_a judge_n of_o ●his_fw-la case_n if_o the_o ancient_n of_o they_o will_v please_v to_o recollect_v their_o memory_n and_o the_o young_a will_v please_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o their_o elder_a servant_n and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n have_v great_o advance_v land_n in_o purchase_n as_o well_o as_o improve_v rent_n by_o meliorate_n the_o land_n themselves_o those_o improvement_n by_o marling_n lime_a drain_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v make_v since_o money_n be_v at_o 8_o and_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n can_v not_o bear_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v i_o have_v the_o write_a testimony_n of_o that_o incomparable_a worthy_a person_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n senior_n who_o page_z 11._o of_o his_o first_o treatise_n express_o affirm_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o yea●s_n purchase_v who_o be_v himself_o a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a parliament_n man_n and_o dedicate_a his_o book_n to_o the_o then_o parliament_n whereof_o he_o be_v then_o a_o member_n can_v without_o horrible_a uncharitableness_n be_v presume_v to_o impose_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o now_o that_o our_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n as_o the_o same_o worthy_a author_n do_v wise_o foresee_v i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o experience_n of_o my_o country_n man_n whether_o the_o genuine_a price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n now_o will_v not_o be_v 20_o year_n purchase_v be_v it_o not_o for_o accidental_a pressure_n under_o which_o it_o labour_v at_o present_a such_o as_o these_o 1._o our_o late_a great_a land_n tax_n 2._o and_o principal_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n mention_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o that_o country_n now_o supply_v foreign_a market_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n with_o beef_n pork_n hides_n tallow_n bread_n beer_n wool_n and_o corn_n at_o cheap_a rate_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v to_o the_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o those_o trade_n whereas_o former_o viz._n present_o after_o the_o late_a irish_a war_n many_o man_n get_v good_a estate_n by_o transport_v english_a cattle_n thither_o and_o that_o the_o improvement_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o our_o land_n in_o purchase_n rise_v not_o as_o natural_o they_o shall_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o our_o interest_n appear_v evident_o from_o the_o effect_n the_o fall_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v upon_o house_n in_o london_n where_o the_o growth_n of_o ireland_n can_v have_v no_o such_o destructive_a influence_n which_o have_v be_v so_o considerable_a that_o whosoever_o will_v please_v to_o inform_v themselves_o by_o old_a scrivener_n or_o ancient_a deed_n shall_v find_v that_o a_o house_n in_o london_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_a that_o will_v sell_v but_o for_o 300_o l._n at_o most_o will_v ready_o sell_v within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o 5_o or_o 600_o l._n and_o the_o same_o house_n to_o be_v sell_v sometime_o after_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n viz._n before_o and_o after_o the_o late_a dutch_a war_n will_v have_v yield_v without_o scruple_n 1000_o or_o 1200_o l._n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v a_o double_a effect_n upon_o house_n by_o increase_a trade_n and_o consequent_o raise_v rent_n as_o well_o as_o increase_n the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v 3._o a_o three_o reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o at_o present_a bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o shall_v natural_o be_v twenty_o year_n be_v the_o late_a plague_n which_o do_v much_o depopulate_v this_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n which_o have_v engage_v man_n in_o building_n in_o the_o city_n who_o otherwise_o will_v have_v be_v purchase_v in_o the_o country_n 5._o the_o unusual_a plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o have_v be_v for_o these_o three_o or_o four_o year_n pass_v in_o most_o part_n of_o christendom_n the_o like_a whereof_o have_v be_v seldom_o know_v it_o happen_v most_o common_o that_o when_o one_o country_n have_v have_v great_a plenty_n other_o have_v have_v great_a scarcity_n 6._o the_o rack_a up_o of_o rent_n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o which_o be_v present_o after_o the_o last_o abatement_n of_o interest_n a_o seven_o accidental_a reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o sell_v at_o present_a at_o the_o rate_n it_o natural_o shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o legal_a interest_n be_v that_o innovate_v practice_n of_o banker_n in_o london_n which_o have_v more_o effect_n attend_v it_o then_o most_o i_o converse_v with_o have_v yet_o observe_v but_o i_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o only_a which_o be_v to_o my_o present_a purpose_n viz._n the_o gentleman_n that_o be_v banker_n have_v a_o large_a interest_n from_o his_o majesty_n for_o what_o they_o advance_v upon_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n can_v afford_v to_o give_v the_o full_a legal_a interest_n to_o all_o person_n that_o put_v money_n into_o their_o hand_n though_o for_o never_o so_o short_a or_o long_o a_o time_n which_o make_v the_o trade_n of_o usury_n so_o easy_a and_o hitherto_o safe_a that_o few_o after_o have_v find_v the_o sweetness_n of_o this_o lazy_a way_n of_o improvement_n be_v by_o continuance_n and_o success_n grow_v to_o fancy_n themselves_o secure_a in_o it_o can_v be_v lead_v there_o be_v neither_o ease_n nor_o profit_n to_o invite_v they_o to_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n in_o land_n though_o at_o 15_o year_n purchase_v whereas_o before_o this_o way_n of_o private_a banker_a come_n up_o man_n that_o have_v money_n be_v force_v ofttimes_o to_o let_v it_o lie_v dead_a by_o they_o until_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o security_n to_o their_o mind_n and_o if_o the_o like_a necessity_n be_v now_o of_o money_n lie_v dead_a the_o loss_n of_o use_n for_o the_o dead_a time_n be_v deduct_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o 6_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la will_v in_o effect_n take_v off_o 1_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o the_o profit_n of_o usury_n and_o consequent_o incline_v man_n more_o to_o purchase_v land_n in_o regard_n the_o difference_n between_o usury_n and_o purchase_n will_v not_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n be_v so_o great_a as_o now_o it_o be_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o cashe●ing_n have_v in_o my_o opinion_n clear_o better_v the_o usurer_n trade_n 1_o or_o 2_o per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o that_o this_o way_n of_o leave_v money_n with_o goldsmith_n have_v have_v the_o aforesaid_a effect_n seem_v evident_a to_o i_o from_o the_o scarcity_n it_o make_v of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n for_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_n be_v only_o in_o london_n

do_v very_o much_o drain_v the_o ready_a money_n from_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o point_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o will_v advance_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v so_o in_o fact_n depend_v on_o memory_n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o and_o most_o other_o i_o converse_v with_o do_v perfect_o remember_v that_o rent_n do_v general_o rise_v after_o the_o late_a abatement_n of_o interest_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v so_o be_v from_o the_o encouragement_n which_o that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n give_v to_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n to_o improve_v by_o draining_n marling_n lime_a etc._n etc._n excellent_o make_v out_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a two_o worthy_a author_n so_o that_o i_o do_v i_o think_v with_o good_a reason_n conclude_v that_o the_o present_a fall_n of_o rent_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o accidental_a and_o to_o be_v ascribe_v principal_o to_o the_o foregoing_a reason_n give_v for_o the_o present_a abatement_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o late_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n the_o three_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o by_o evidence_n of_o fact_n it_o have_v be_v so_o in_o england_n the_o increase_n of_o our_o trade_n have_v always_o follow_v the_o abatement_n of_o our_o interest_n by_o law_n i_o say_v not_o precede_v but_o follow_v it_o and_o the_o cause_n do_v always_o go_v before_o the_o effect_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v evident_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n if_o any_o doubt_n of_o this_o and_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v the_o custom-house_n book_n they_o may_v soon_o be_v resolve_v 2._o by_o authority_n not_o only_o of_o that_o ancient_a gentleman_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n in_o his_o second_o treatise_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o court_n in_o a_o edict_n there_o recite_v but_o likewise_o of_o a_o parliament_n of_o england_n king_n lord_n &_o commons_o in_o the_o act_n for_o reduce_v it_o to_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o the_o preamble_n whereof_o be_v these_o word_n viz._n forasmuch_o as_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v find_v by_o notable_a experience_n beneficial_a to_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o good_a husbandry_n with_o many_o other_o considerable_a advantage_n to_o this_o nation_n especial_o the_o reduce_n of_o it_o to_o a_o near_a proportion_n with_o foreign_a state_n with_o who_o we_o traffic_n and_o whereas_o in_o fresh_a memory_n the_o like_a fall_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o a_o late_a constant_a practice_n have_v find_v the_o like_a success_n to_o the_o general_a contentment_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o be_v visible_a by_o several_a improvement_n etc._n etc._n 3._o by_o necessary_a consequence_n when_o interest_n be_v abate_v they_o who_o call_v in_o their_o money_n must_v either_o buy_v land_n or_o trade_n with_o it_o if_o they_o buy_v land_n the_o many_o buyer_n will_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n if_o they_o trade_v they_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o trader_n and_o consequent_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n and_o let_v their_o money_n lie_v dead_a by_o they_o i_o think_v i_o have_v full_o prove_v they_o can_v in_o a_o addition_n publish_v to_o my_o first_o observation_n 4._o by_o reason_n for_o first_o whilst_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z no_o man_n will_v run_v a_o adventure_n to_o sea_n for_o the_o gain_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z which_o the_o dutch_a have_v money_n at_o 4_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z at_o interest_n be_v content_v with_o and_o therefore_o can_v and_o do_v follow_v a_o vast_a trade_n in_o salt_n from_o st_n vuall_a rochel_n and_o other_o part_n to_o the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o also_o their_o fish_n trade_n for_o herring_n and_o whale-fishing_a which_o we_o neglect_v as_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o trouble_n and_o hazard_n while_o we_o can_v make_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o our_o money_n sleep_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o money_n employ_v in_o trade_n in_o any_o nation_n bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o th●_n interest_n pay_v for_o money_n as_o for_o instance_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o england_n no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n will_v follow_v any_o trade_n whereby_o he_o do_v not_o promise_v himself_o 14_o or_o 12_o per_fw-la cent_z gain_n at_o least_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 8_o the_o hope_n of_o 12_o or_o 10_o at_o least_o be_v necessary_a as_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v now_o interest_n go_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o infallible_a consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o trade_n before_o recite_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o muscovy_n and_o greenland_n and_o so_o much_o at_o least_o of_o all_o other_o that_o will_v not_o afford_v we_o a_o clear_a profit_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z we_o careless_o give_v away_o to_o the_o dutch_a and_o must_v do_v so_o forever_o unless_o we_o bring_v our_o interest_n near_o to_o a_o par_fw-fr with_o they_o and_o hence_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n it_o follow_v very_o clear_o that_o if_o our_o interest_n be_v abate_v one_o three_o part_n it_o will_v occasion_v the_o employment_n of_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o man_n shp_v and_o stock_n in_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a trade_n this_o discover_v the_o vanity_n of_o all_o our_o attempt_n for_o gain_v of_o the_o white-herring_n fishing-trade_n of_o which_o the_o dutch_a as_o every_o body_n observe_v make_v wonderful_a great_a advantage_n though_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n i_o wish_v as_o many_o do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o now_o though_o i_o have_v touch_v it_o in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o plain_a case_n be_v this_o a_o dutchman_n will_v be_v content_a to_o employ_v a_o stock_n of_o 5_o or_o 10000_o l._n in_o burse_v material_n for_o fish_v victual_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o this_o trade_n and_o if_o at_o the_o wind_a up_o of_o his_o account_n he_o find_v he_o have_v get_v clear_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la for_o his_o stock_n and_o adventure_n 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o thank_v god_n and_o tell_v his_o neighbour_n he_o have_v have_v a_o thrive_a trade_n now_o while_o every_o slothful_a ignorant_a man_n with_o we_o that_o have_v but_o wit_n enough_o to_o tell_v out_o his_o money_n to_o a_o gold_n smith_n can_v get_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z without_o pain_n or_o care_n be_v it_o not_o monstrous_a absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o ever_o the_o english_a will_v do_v any_o good_a upon_o this_o trade_n till_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o right_a end_n which_o must_v be_v to_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n second_o the_o deprave_a nature_n of_o man_n affect_v ease_n and_o pleasure_n while_o use_n of_o money_n run_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z have_v always_o at_o hand_n a_o easy_a expedient_a to_o indulge_v that_o humour_n and_o reconcile_v it_o to_o another_o as_o considerable_a viz._n his_o covetousness_n by_o put_v his_o money_n to_o use_v and_o if_o a_o merchant_n through_o his_o youthful_a care_n and_o industry_n arrive_v to_o a_o estate_n of_o 20000_o l._n in_o twenty_o year_n trade_v whilst_o money_n be_v so_o high_a and_o land_n so_o low_a he_o can_v easy_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n which_o be_v interest_n of_o money_n at_o 4_o p●r_n cent_z he_o can_v not_o do_v and_o consequent_o must_v not_o only_o follow_v his_o trade_n himself_o but_o make_v his_o child_n trader_n also_o for_o to_o leave_v they_o money_n without_o skill_n to_o use_v it_o will_v advantage_v little_a and_o purchase_v of_o land_n less_o when_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n shall_v raise_v they_o to_o twenty_o or_o thi●ty_o year_n purchase_v which_o i_o hope_v yet_o to_o live_v to_o see_v three_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o merchant_n keep_v to_o their_o trade_n and_o child_n succeed_a their_o father_n therein_o will_v ensue_v to_o merchant_n great_a skill_n in_o trade_n more_o exact_a and_o certain_a correspondency_n sure_a &_o more_o trusty_a factor_n abroad_o &_o those_o better_o acquaint_v &_o concatinate_v together_o by_o the_o experimental_a link_n of_o each_o other_o humour_n style_n estate_n and_o business_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o prudent_a man_n can_v do_v in_o ten_o year_n time_n after_o his_o settle_n in_o london_n to_o be_v exact_o well_o fit_v with_o factor_n in_o all_o part_n and_o those_o by_o correspondency_n bring_v into_o a_o mutual_a acquaintance_n of_o each_o other_o and_o honest_a workman_n