Cocket to the Customer and he to send a Copy of it to the Clerk of the Licenses or otherwise the Bonds be deliver'd to the Mayor of the Staple to be put in suit These Rules being observed I dare undertake to answer for every pound of Wool wrong transported and without some such Expedient the Manufactures of England as well as Ireland will be ruined by the Transportation of Irish Wools to foreign Markets This Company of Staplers being the first Corporation of England for the Regulation of Trade it was dandled and hugg'd by the State as that which contained the spirit and life of all the Traffique of the Kingdom not only to regulate the abuses of Trade but to recover their Trade out of the hands of Foreigners especially the Yeild of the Hance beforementioned who by reason of their great Stock and Credit from so many foreign Cities incorporated with them ingrossed the chief Trade of England particular Merchants being not able to thrive under their shadow which was the reason the Staple was so often removed from Country to Country and City to City still to way-lay and interpose betwixt the Yeild of the Hance and the Trade of England The original or beginning of the Yeild of the Hance I find not but Fitz Stephen a Monk of Canterbury who wrote in the time of King Stephen observes that Merchants of all Nations had their distinct Keys and Wharfs in London the Hance or Dutch had the Still-yards the French for the Wines the Vintry c. William of Malmesbury who wrote in the time of the Conqueror called London a Noble City frequented with the Trade of Merchandizes from all parts of the World Malmesbury cites Clifford declaring the same in Edward the Confessors time 1042. and how long before is uncertain but so long it was that they had ingrossed the chief Trade of England c. and had taken such deep root it cost the State great trouble and the Staple great labour before they could loosen them Edward the first began it at Westminster then removed it to Canterbury in Honour of Thomas Becket then to Bruges in Flanders from thence to the divers places in England and Ireland beforementioned next to Calice in order to strengthen and support that Garrison at which time the King had granted him in Parliament the twenty sixth of his Reign Fifty shillings upon every Sack of Wool transported for six years and at the same time there were yearly transported more than one hundred thousand Sacks of Wool that during the six years the said Grant brought into the Kings Exchequer one Million five hundred thousand pounds sterling In the 37th of Edward the third it was granted to him for two years to take twenty six shillings and eight pence upon every Sack of Wool transported and the same year the Staple notwithstanding the Kings Oath and other great Estates was ordained to be kept at Calice and twenty six Merchants the best and wealthiest of all England to be Farmers there both of the Town and Staple for three years every Merchant to have six Men of Arms and four Archers at the Kings cost he ordained there also two Mayors one for the Town and one for the Staple and he took Mala capta commonly called Mallorth twenty shillings and of the said Merchants Guardians of the Town forty pence upon every Sack of Wool In the 44th of Edward the third Quinborough Kingstone upon Hall and Boston were made Staples of Wool which matter so offended some that in the 50th year of his Reign in a Parliament at London it was complained that the Staple of Wool was so removed from Calice to divers Towns in England contrary to the Statute appointing that Citizens and Merchants should keep it there and that the King might have the Profits and Customs with the Exchange of the Gold and Silver that was there made by all the Merchants in Christendom esteemed to amount to Eight thousand pounds by the year the Excharge only and the Citizens and the Merchants so ordered the matter that the King spent nothing upon Souldiers neither upon Defence of the Town against the Enemies whereas now he spent Eight thousand pounds by the year in the 51th year of Edward the third when the Staple was settled at Calice the Mayor of the Staple did furnish the Captain of the Town upon any Road with one hundred Bill-men and two hundred Archers of Merchants and their Servants without any Wages In the year 1388. the 12th of Richard the second in a Parliament at Cambridge it was ordained that the Staple of Wools should be brought from Middleborough in Zealand to Calice In the 14th of his Reign there was granted forty shillings upon every Sack of Wool and in the 21th was granted fifty shillings upon every Sack transported by Englishmen and three pounds by Strangers c. It seems that all Commodities of the Realm are staple Merchandizes by Law and Charter as Wools Leather Wool Fells Led Tin Cloth c. King Henry the sixth had six Wool-houses within the Staple at Westminster those he granted to the Dean and Canons of St. Stephen at Westminster and confirm'd it the 21. of his Reign Thus much for the Staple have I shortly noted out of Stows Survey of London fol. 496 497. Now by this account of the Staple it is easie to imagine of what a high value it was both to the Kings and Parliaments of England for upwards of 200 years no new Corporations for Trade were constituted and as they increased in Trade it abated of its ancient vigor and splendor after it had worn out all Foreigners and rescued the Clothing Trade from the Dutch that the Wools of England were prohibited the Transportation of which being its chief support But Ireland yet transporting most of its Wools it can lay the Foundation of a Corporation for the Increase of its Foreign Traffique upon no better basis the Statute Staple being yet in force in Ireland it will make their Constitution legal until a Parliament be called and no better Methods and Rules can be contrived than what the Statute Staple institutes CHAP. II. The second Expedient to recover Irelands Decays in its Trade and Wealth is to endavour to convince England that it is the Interest both of King and Realm to promote it 1. THat it is the Interest of England that the English Interest in Ireland should grow and flourish in Trade and Wealth is manifest though it hath been its ruining fate to have it otherwise apprehended by Statesmen of England both in Court and Parliaments which must proceed from taking wrong measures of the English Interest of Ireland especially since the suppression of the last Rebellion For it is with Politick as with Natural Bodies whilst the peccant Humour that seeds the Disease is most predominant the Body must be kept low but so soon as the natural Strength gains the dominion over the Distemper the more ye nourish it the faster
promote and increase Traffique and Commerce the Examples of so many prudent Princes and States and the Experience of the Kings and Parliaments of England for this 300 years past might serve But I shall demonstrate by good reason and unquestionable authority when opposed that this one expedient shall remove all the considerable impediments of Trade in a short time dam up the current of much of our Expence upon Foreign Growth shall reduce our confused Trade to a method improve the native Growth of the Country to its height as to Value at home and Credit abroad shall rescue our Trade managed by foreign Stocks into our own hands shall increase His Majesties Revenue and enable his Subjects of Ireland to farm it upon terms more to the Kings profit and conveniency and the Kingdoms benefit and content and to advance considerable Sums upon the Security of any Branch of His Majesties Revenue when his Affairs shall require it And I will further undertake to demonstrate that all other Expedients without this shall never attain these Ends let a Parliament pass all the Statutes of England for the incouragement of Trade in Ireland it shall signifie no more than good Laws without Courts of Justice to execute them for though Interest prompts people to Industry yet it neither qualifies nor governs them in right methods to attain their ends A stragling Trade managed by particular persons each striving to advance his private Interest though to the ruine of the Trade in general and obstructing it in other particulars can no more make a Country flourish in Trade than a stragling Army without Discipline and Order can preserve its peace But designing brevity I shall only assert that Ireland is now much more able to erect govern such a Trade than England was about 300 years ago when Ed. 1. incourag'd it and Ed. 3. established by Charter the Company of Staplers or Merchant Adventurers which was the Mother Company of England and all it enjoy'd until Philip and Mary erected the Muscovy Company yet that one Company removed the Staple from foreign parts to our own ports and soon after the Clothing Trade from Flanders whereby the Growth of England especially the Wools were improved to 5 and 7 and in some cases after the Worsted-trade of Stuffs and Stockings was attained to ten times its value I am not unsensible that this Work will meet with opposition from some particular persons whose private Interest may seem to be invaded by it for so did that ancient and beneficial Company of Staplers in England as a Monopoly intrenching upon the Liberty of the Subject to the Parliaments in Hen. 4. Hen. 7. Edw. 6. and Queen Maries time yet all parties being heard those Complaints were quash'd and the Priviledges of the Companies ratified and enlarged Yet again in Queen Elizabeths time the importunity of the Clothiers prevailed against the Company but after a short tryal the Clothing Countries were ruined to that extremity that in the 29th of Elizabeth the Lords of the Council sent for the members of the Company and desired them to reassume their Priviledges and cheerfully proceed in their Trade and they should receive all possible countenance and assistance So in the Reign of King James Alderman Cocken of London c. prevailed to have the Company dissolv'd but after two years confusion Trade so miserably languished that the King published his Proclamation Anno 1617. for the Restitution of the Company to its ancient Priviledges In like manner King Charles the first observing the decay of Trade from the confusion intruding Interlopers brought upon it publisht his Proclamation Dec. 7. 1634. Whereas we have taken into our Princely consideration the manifold Benifits that redound to this Kingdom c. and finding how much Government and Order will conduce to the increase and advancement of the same We have thought fit with the Advice of our Privy Council to declare our Royal Pleasure herein c. and then positively and largely prohibits any to intrude upon the Companies Priviledge upon pain of his high Displeasure and of such Punishments as the Court of Star-Chamber whom We especially charge with the Execution of our Royal Pleasure herein shall think fit to inflict for such Contempts After this the 11th of March 1643. both Houses past an Ordinance intituled For the Upholding of the Government of the Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers of England c. near to the same effect as His Majesties Proclamation before recited And as Corporation Traffique hath procured all the flourishing Trade England now enjoys so the Portugals Dutch c. have thereby altered the whole course of Trade that Venice had with India Arabia and Persia Venice being the ancient Mart for the Commodities of those Countries now buy of us so the English Levant Company hath wrested the India Trade from the Turks and now sell where Venice used to buy And that which gives England and Ireland the advantage in Traffique is the staple Commodities they sell necessary for Life as Flesh Fish c. for the Belly Cloth Stuffs c. for the Back that in most Countries England trades with they wear Englands Woollen Livery eat in English Pewter Seasons and Sauce with Englands Indian Spices shod with English Leather there is no Clothing in Spain esteemed like the English Bayse and Stuffs nor no Food exceeds the English Herring and Pilcher Sweden Denmark and all those cold Northeast Countries within the Sound to the bottom of the Baltick keep themselves warm by English woollen Cloth and all this obtained by vertue of Englands Trade by united Stoks and Policy For in little above 100 years Europe was so far from trading with the East and West Indies the West were unheard of as I shew in my Treatise of Traffique and the East unknown otherwise than by report to our Mariners and Merchants Italian and Spanish Merchants were esteemed great Adventurers until the Turkie and East India Companies were incorporated by Queen Elizabeth who God made instrumental not only to reform Religion but to regulate and advance Trade Englands and Hollands true Religion and potent Trade came together God grant they never go together it is worthy our observation how the mighty flourishing Monarchy of Spain since Charles the 5. and his Son Philip the 2. hath dwindled away and decayed in Fame and Potency since they erected their barbarous Inquisition which banished their Trade and Wealth to England and Holland that Antwerpe and Sevils Ebb tide in Trade hath made it full Sea at London and Amsterdam and as England and Holland hath gained their Trade and Wealth by being Receptacles and Shelters of persecuted Protestants so will the contrary lose it the Italians have a proverb He that would improve Italy must destroy Milan that is disperse the multitude of Artists there setled to the other Cities that want them which nothing so naturally effects as Persecution Let them beware they lose it not by persecuting them and driving them away The
Commerce of this Society be prescribed by the major part of its Members at their annual Councils at which time the Governor c. are to give an account of their whole Transactions for the time past and to propose to the general Assembly what they shall think fit to be then considered for the Proceed of the Company the ensuing year 3. That a known place be provided near the Exchange and the Office to be open from nine to twelve in the forenoon and from three to six in the afternoon and as business increaseth so the time to be enlarged 4. That a Bank Lumber be erected to supply the occasions of the poorer sort with small sums of Mony upon Pawns at reasonable rates 5. That the whole Constitution of the Bank and Corporation with its Priviledges and Securities be confirmed by Act of Parliament 6. For the mutual Security not only against each other but also betwixt the Bank and all persons it shall give or receive Credit from that they do agree that all their Bills and Tickets do bear the force of Bonds of the Staple by prevailing with the City of Dublin c. until a Parliament meet that the Governor of this Society to be still chosen Mayor of the Staple the profit of all Statutes acknowledge for Debt not relating to the Bank-trade to be still entred in the City Book and paid to the City Treasurer or whom they shall appoinâ— to receive it as also all their Entries and Certificates to bear the Credit of a Publick Notary by swearing one Clerke of the Office in that capacity which will strengthen the credit of their Security and facilitate all their transactions Besides this Affair upon the Foundation of the Law of the Staple will give a legal stamp until the Kings Patent be obtained and a Parliament of Ireland meet to enact the same It may be serviceable to both Kingdoms in executing the Laws against Transporting our Irish Wools into Foreign parts which hath been the bane of the Clothing Trade of England as well as Ireland for by the advantage of our Irish Wools both France and the Low Countries have been able to work up their own Wools to the height of our English Staple which otherwise they were not capable of for as the Wools of Spain and the more southerly parts of France are too tender and fine for strong thick Cloth so the Northerly Wools are too course and harsh to produce it but mixing our Wools with either they produce Cloth of what sort they please by which advantage the great Trade for Woollen Manufacture of the Hamborough Eastland and Muscovy Companies are much damnified who vended the greatest proportion of our Northern course and middle Cloths c. Poland Silesia c. having not only much increased the number of their Sheep but improved the Staple of their Wools of late years and encouraged great numbers of the English Weavers c. to settle amongst them besides the Prince Elector Palatine hath carried over into his Country many thousands of English Families all Artists in the Woollen Manufacture within these twenty years But if the transporting of our Irish Wools could be prevented it would put a violent check to their progress for which we have good and severe Laws only want persons interested to prosecute and execute them and it would be the interest of this Corporation to use their utmost diligence therein both in order to increase their own Manufactures for the supply of their Exportations and discourage foreign Manufactures to preserve their Market And as it would be much their Interest so will they be in a capacity to effect it above any other Judicatures by the advantage of their Factors and Correspondents in all Ports who will easily discover all attempts of that kind especially having the Authority and observing the method of the Staple which 1. Limits the Transportation of staple Commodities to certain known publick places to be bought and sold as Newcastle upon Tine York Lincolne Norwich Westminster Canterbury Chichester Winchester Exeter and Bristol in Ireland at Dublin Waterford Drogheda and Cork and for Wales Carmarthen where all Wools Wool Fells Leather Led c. were to be brought and weighed at the Kings Beam and every Sack or Bag of Wool to be sealed by the Mayor of the Staple c. 2. As they are by the said Act confined to places for Markets so to Ports for Shipping as for York at Hull Lincoln at Boston Norwich at Yarmouth Westminster at London Canterbury at Sandwich VVinchester at Southampton to be again weighed at the Ports before the Customers and an Indenture signed betwixt the Mayor of the Staple and the Customers all which with the Weight and Custom paid to be express'd in the Cocket at that time every Sack of Wool paid six shillings eight pence two hundred Wool Fells twenty shillings a Last of Leather thirteen shillings four pence and every Sow of Lead three pence Foreigners paid a third more besides the Merchant to take an Oath before the Mayor of the Staple c. that they should hold no Staple beyond the Sea of the same Commodities according to the 27th of Edward the Third Chap. 1. State Staple Now if our Ancestors found reason to keep this methodical Check upon the Transportation of Wools only to preserve the Kings small Duty before England attained the Woollen Manufacture much more ought there now to be a stricter Check observed when not only the Kings great Duty but Manufacture which is the Wealth and Glory of the Country depends upon it And for Ireland the Staple being confined to the four Ports beforementioned all upon the English Sea both for Markets and Shiping if it were now observed with these following Rules added they could never wrong us of a Bag of Wool 1. That as our Ports are prescribed so the Markets of the Staple appointed as before observed in England and every Town prescribed its Port to ship that the Staplers at every such Market should maintain a sworn Weigher who should certifie to the Staple Port the Quantity and Quality of the Wool then weighed and to whom sold 2. That no person be permitted to buy or sell Wools c. but a Brother of the Yeild of the Staple who upon their Freedom are sworn not to transgress its Laws If Foreigners to give Security to observe the Staple Rules 3. That no Ship be permitted to transport Wool that do not belong either to the Port where it was taken in or the Port in England it is consign'd to 4. That no Security be accepted but known substantial Inhabitants of the Port the Goods are ship'd from 5. That the Clerk of the Licenses register every License and issue no more to that person until he bring a Certificate or a Copy of the Cocket from the Custom-house of the due shiping of the former to be â—il'd That the Certificate of its true landing be returned in six months after the date of the
c. at Court the charge of new Honours and Offices p. 88 The charge of Educating the Sons of Noble Persons c. in Foreign Vniversities and Inns of Court p. 87 The whole Charge of Ireland in the several Branches computed to nine hundred and thirteen thousand four hundred sixty five pounds four shillings per annum And amounts to for the period of 15 years to thirteen millions five hundred and twelve thousand six hundred and sixty pounds thirteen shillings and ten pence THE CONTENTS OF THE SECOND PART CHAP. I. OF Banks and Corporation-Trade the several kinds of Banks p. 1 2. Land or dry Banks most suitable for Ireland p. 3. Ireland's great damage by Insolvent Bankers p. 4. The Method of this dry Bank p. 5. Holland and Venice c. raised themselves by Banks and Company Trade p. 6. The Constitution of the Dutch East-India Company p. 7. The benefit of the Bankers by their joint Stock in Trade p. 8. The Royal Countenance necessary to secure the Credit of the Bank p. 9. The benefit of this Bank-Credit to a Countrey in General p. 10. It will lower Interest ibid. Lower Exchange p. 11. Propagate Manufactures p. 11. Banks will inable Trades-men with small Stocks to manage great Trades p. 12. Secure the Peace as well as increase the Wealth of Ireland p. 12. Banks c. will rescue our Trade out of the hands of Foreigners p. 13. Banks c. will increase our Shipping and promote the Fishing Trade ibid. Bank Security more safe more ready and less troublesome than any other Specialty p. 14. Banks a great conveniency 1. To Gentlemen possessing Estates in several parts of the Kingdom securely to return their rent c. p. 15. A great encouragement to young Merchants with small Stocks ibid. To Clothiers Tanners Chandlers c. where Markets fail p. 16. To persons surprised by Judgments before they can raise Money ibid. A great conveniency to the Nobility and Gentry ibid. To the poor and needy p. 17 The Hans-Towns of Germany raised their Trade by Banks ibid. The great Trade of the Guild of the Hance in the Stillyards in London erected and managed by Banks p. 18 England Ireland's best example which was as low in Trade as Ireland is now till improved by Banks ibid. The Kings and Parliaments of England have encouraged and augmented their Trade by countenancing the old and erecting new Corporations of Trade p. 19 No Expedient but this one can promote the Trade of Ireland p. 20 Corporation-Trade opposed in England by whom and with what success p. 21 22 By Company-Trade the English and Dutch c. have diverted the Trade of Venice c. and sell Persian and Indian Commodities where they used to buy p. 22 25 The Indies unknown until Company-Trade discovered them p. 23 England and Holland obtain'd their great Trade and their true Religion together by sheltering persecuted Christians ibid. Spanish c. Inquisitions a persecution drove away their Trade ibid. When the Dutch and English sent their first Fleets to the East-Indies p. 24 27 Corporation-Trade hath enrich'd all places of its residence p. 25 26 When England prohibited the Transportation of Wools and Importing foreign Cloath p. 25 The Original and great Wealth of the East-India Company at London p. 27 His present Majesty hath Confirmed the Companies He Founded and Erected the Affrican c. Honoured it with Royal and Noble Members and Dignities p. 28 The inconveniency of a confused Trade in the hands of particular Merchants to themselves and the Countrey p. 29 30 The Authors Experience of it in Tallow and Wools c. p. 31 32 Why though England c. divides their Trade into several Companies Ireland should have but one p. 33 Why the ancient Guild of the Hance after above 300 years flourishing was dispriviledg'd p. 33 34. The Solvency of Bank-Security p. 35 36 37. The method of managing the Bank p. 37 38 To place the Authority of the Bank c. by Act of State on the Statute Staple until a Parliament meet p. 39 46 The only Expedient to prevent the Transportation of our Wools p. 39 40 41 42 The Original of the Guild of the Hance very ancient p. 43 The great benefit the Kings of England made of the Staple and how it was mov'd from place to place and striven for by all places p. 44 45 CHAP. II. The Interest of England to promote the Prosperity of the English Interest of Ireland 1 ARgued from the different Constitution of Ireland now to what it was before the last Rebellion p. 1. The English the greatest Proprietors of Land and chiefly inhabiting Cities and Wall-Towns p. 48 The last Act of Settlement differs from all former Royal Grants in several considerable particulars to the advantage of the English Interest p. 50 Ireland under the sole Government of English Magistrates p. 51 England can in nothing so much promote the prosperity of the English Interest of Ireland as by countenancing its Trade p. 51 Englands only way to secure its self against Foreign Invasions and ruine of its Trade is to promote the Potency of the English Interest in Ireland p. 52 Englands neglect herein was the cause of the late Massacre and Rebellion p. 53 The neglect hereof hath cost England more Money c. than Ireland is worth ibid. Lord Deputy Sidney of the same opinion p. 54 Neglecting Trade and Manufacturie the cause of the degenerating of the English and why p. 55 Multitudes of Irish Papists are now English Protestants p. 55 56 58 Mr. Spencers and Heilins opinion of the best way to promote the Protestant Religion in Ireland p. 56 57 Ireland now so constituted it cannot fail of an English Protestant Parliament p. 58 The names and numbers of the Corporations of Ireland sending Members to Parliament p. 59 to 63 A Catalogue of the present Peers of Ireland summon'd to Parliaments in two Columns by which may be observ'd the Protestant Peers far exceed the Papists in number and interest p. 63 to 67 A Catalogue of the Nobility of Ireland anno 1571. And another 1641. by which may be observ'd the antiquity and precedency of the present Noble Families of Ireland p. 70 to 73 It is the interest of the Irish Papists to promote the Potency of the English Interest of Ireland p. 73 Though the subduing of the many Rebellions hath cost England dear yet the Irish at last paid the reckonings p. 73 Englands ancient claim to the Sovereignty of Ireland and the Legality and Justness of their Title by Conquest p. 73 to 75 The weakness of the English Interest of Ireland the cause of the many Rebellions since they deriv'd their States and Honours from the Crown of England p. 75 The degenerate English more dangerous Rebels than the Native Irish p. d6 The Popes Instigation and Encouragement to Desmond and Thomas Fitz-Geralâ— to rebell and to root out the Protestanâ— Religion as a mad and venomous Dâ—ctrine and hellish Opinion p. 76
Essentials in Worship agreed and maintain'd by Conforming and Nonconforming Protestants p. G. F. Fishing how to increase p. 13 Friars their several Orders whence and why instituted p. 212 213 Fundamentals agreed to by Dissenters with the Church p. G. G. Governors of Ireland unacquainted with the Country not capable of well managing its Affairs and why p. 102 to 107 This hath been the opinion and practice of our Kings from its first Conquest of which instances p. 108 109 In what cases excepted p. 110 111 I. Ireland's English Interest potent above what it was before the last Rebellion p. 47 48 Irelands Interest in being Govern'd by its own Members p. 47 to 96 Irish Papists their interest in the potency of the English Interest in Ireland p. 73 to 94 Ignorance in the Scripture the cause of Papists Rebellion p. 91 92 Judges and Juries of Ireland much more ingaged to suppress Sedition and Rebellion in Ireland than those of England can be and why p. 105 106 Jesuits their inhumane bloody principles from their own Authors p. 195 to 203 Papists reflections and glosses on them p. 204 to 207 Jesuits their Original and Characte p. 211 to 214 Jesuits by what Authority their Order Instituted p. 214 Jesuits banished and their Tenents exploded by whom p. 222 to 225 Jesuits the natural consequence of their Principles p. 225 They abrogate the Laws of Humanity Morality and Divinity p. 226 Their dexterity in fathering their Brats on innocent persons p. 227 Jesuits their suitable practices to their bloody Principles p. 231 to 240 Jesuits imployed by the Pope to destroy the Greek Church p. 236 Jesuits bloody work in the West and East-Indies p. 238 L. Lands of Ireland most possest by English Proprietors p. 48 Loyalty evidenc'd in many of the Irish Papists p. 89 to 203 Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany more differ than English Protestants yet esteem each other Protestants and unite against Popery p. H. Laws against single life useful in Ireland and why p. A. B. C. M. Massacre of Ireland how inhumane and barbarous p. 81 to 87 Militia of Ireland is its great Security p. 98 Militia neglected the cause of the easie massacring the naked Protestants 1641 p. 81 Manufacturies of Ireland by whom incouraged and erected how ruined p. 188 to 191 Mystical Babylon who in the opinion of Papists p. 220 N. Nobility or Peers of Ireland most English Protestants p. 63 to 67 Nobility their Catalogue 1571 and 1641 p. 67 to p. 73 Non-residents enjoying Salleries a great loss to Ireland p. 99 O. The Original of most Noble and Worshipful English Families of Ireland were from Offices p. 96 Ormond Duke the longest Regency over Ireland under the greatest difficulties and why p. 112 113 Ormond the great confusion he found Ireland in at his access to the Government 1662. and how soon composed p. 182 to 188 P. Parliaments of Ireland altered in their Constitution from an Irish to an English Interest p. 58 to 63 A good Plea for Irish Papists against their Jesuited Priests that shall again instigate them to rebel p. 88 Planting of Ireland discouraged by restraint of Trade and being liable to be tried for capital Offences by Judges and Juries in England to whom they are unknown c. p. 106 Poysonings and Stabbings the Popes arguments to convince gainsayers instances p. 228 229 Principles of the Jesuits inconsistent with the just power and right of Princes p. 240 R. Religion Protestant condemned as a venomous Doctrine and Hellish Opinion by the Papists p. 76 Religion Protestant why no more received by Irish Papists p. 90 91 Rebellion and bloodiness of Popery above all other Religions in the World whence p. 193 194 Rome can be no Mother-Church nor Superior to others why p. 218 Rome hath only the primacy of Apostacy from the principles of the Primitive Church p. 218 to 222 Rome c. always promoted and encouraged the rebellions of Ireland p. 76 to 85 Romes struggles with the Greek Church for Supremacy reduced them to Turkish Slavery p. 237 S. Statute Staple its original use and method p. 43 to 47 Souldiers who are best for Field-Armies p. 98 99 to 120 The Statutes of the 10 th of Hen. 7. and 23d of Hen. 8. no bar to persons born in Ireland from being Lord Lieutenant c. p. 100 101. Souldiers 1000 bred in Ireland worth 2000 bred in England for Irish Service and why p. 118 Subsidies of Ireland their establishment p. 164 to 173 Supremacy from the Pope from whence p. 208 209 Supremacy a Tallent so well improved by the Pope that he deserves it p. 234 Schism Criminal when p. D. E. T. Trade of England ingrost by the Guild of the Hance p. 18 Trade in Companies countenanc'd by the Kings and Parliaments of England since Edward the Third p. 20 Trade to the East-Indies when first obtained p. 24 Treasure the vast summ Ireland hath cost England above what it was ever worth p. 53 Table reducing Plantation Acres into English p. 162 1â—â— Trade why no more improv'd under the Government of the Justices and Duke of Ormond p 181 Tyrants are those Princes over their own Subjects who are Slaves to the Pope p. 235 Turkish Slavery of the Greek-Church the Product of the Popes Supremacy p. 2 7 Trent Council illegal c. p. 217 U. Usher Bishop his opinion declared it was the Interest of Irish Papists to support and strengthen the Interest of the Crown of England in Ireland p. 77 to 81 Usher Bishop Prophecies of the Irish Rebellion 40 years before it was and 〈◊〉 great trouble to the Protestants by thâ— Papists yet to come p. 80 81 Vengeance of God dreadful on the Irish foâ— their bloody Massacre 1641 p. 86 87 Vnity though boasted of by Papists yet arâ— they much more divided than Protestants p. H. I. Vnion of Papists chiefly in Errors and Immoralities Vnion in Religion how far necessary amongst Protestants to promote the Prosperity and secure the Peace of Ireland p. C. D. W. Weaving Broad cloath when first set up in England p. 25 Wools first prohibited their transportation p. 25 Wools may easily be prevented transporting expedients proposed p. 39 to 43 Wools transporting the ruine of our Clothing Trade p. 39 Wall'd-Towns to be increased and well planted to secure the safety of English Protestants in Ireland p. A. Women drunk with the blood of the Saints Rev. 17. who in the Papists opinion p. 219 221 Y. Guild of the Hance its Antiquity and great Trade p. 43 Their dissolution and why p. 34 Z. Zeal preposterous like Hell hot without light that makes different Opinions different Religions saith B p. Bramhall p. E. Zeal Popish and Jesuitical that esteems all Separation Criminal Schism ibid. Books lately Printed A Judgment of the Comet which became first generally visible to us in Dublin Decemb the 13th 1680. By a person of Quality Foxes and Firebrands or a Specimen of the Danger and Harmony of Popery and
Office and the chief Princes and Nobles of England enrolled Members as Prince Rupert Duke of Buckingham Duke of Albemarle Earl of Peterborough St. Albans Sandwich Bath Arlington Shastsbury c. and the Teritories of this Royal Company is from Sally in South Barbary to Cape de Bona Esperanza a Princely Dominion And having thus briefly hinted how the Wisdom and Experience of past ages and many Nations have set to their Seals to the rationality peculiar advantage to this way of improving Trade by united Stocks Policies I shall hint some inconveniencies attending its omission First the want of settled Correspondency for want of Intelligence is the ruine of Trade for when men grope out a Trade as blind folk do their way they stumble at many a stone and run their heads against many posts which light would prevent And few single persons at least in Ireland are able to carry on such a Trade as will maintain Servants or Factors to inform them how the Rates of Goods rule at the several parts they trade with but must depend upon the Advice of such persons upon the place whose Interest it is to encourage their Principles to confine to them let Goods turn to Profit or Loss they will deduct their Provision c. which contracts much perplexity and confusion in Trade whereas Trade in Company managed with united Stocks prevents them being able to bear the charge of able Factors in the Country they trade unto and able to bear a considerable loss which would ruine a particular person able to keep their Goods when Markets are low till they rise able to ingross the Bulk of a Commodity when brought low by unadvised clogging of Markets and thereby raise Rates for by their well governed Correspondency they are inform'd not only what Rates Goods go at but what quantity of them are in the Stores at each foreign port and what time they will probably take for consumption what kind of Vintage or Crops is in the Countries producing them c. and by these views can discourage their increase at home until their Markets mend abroad that they may make their Commodities pay Interest for their lying and without these and the like expedients no man can secure a Trade to turn to any certain Account but as a meer Lottery some Voyage brings a prize and some a blank whereby men of small Stocks are oft times undone and the best perplex'd and discouraged Secondly This Trade in Company with a considerable united Stock will preserve a Trade from ruine by Interlopers that will be nibling at Traffique they understand not as Pedlars at Land so these at Sea perplex and ruine the Trade of skilful able Merchant sand do themselves no good for as Pedlers may undersell the ablest Shopkeepers in some small Wares by living after a beggerly vagrant way paying no Rents nor bearing no charge in their Country and maintaining themselves by conditioning where they sell small Markets to have Victuals c. into the bargain so these Sea-pedlers much after the same manner maintain themselves and thereby are able to undersell the Merchants who have great Families to maintain at home besides chargeable Factors abroad great Duties to pay to the King chargeable Offices to bear in their Cities c. and if the Merchants shall have no more priviledge from the State than the Interloper he will be discouraged c. and the Trade of the Country ruined from these and the like inconveniencies c. which I have observed to attend the Trade of Ireland by the small Trade I have driven there my self 1. In the Trade of Wools one of the chief Commodities of the Country greatly damnified their Wools sometimes vended at half their value near to the undoing of the Sheep-master c. Proceeding principally from the abuse of Trade by Interlopers for although Wools must rise and fall with the Manufactures of England where they are chiefly vended yet as the principle Clothiers of England will store up their Cloths and Stuffs when Markets fail until they can sell them to profit so should the principle Sheep-masters reserve their Wools and the Wool-Merchants store up poor mens small parcels until Trade mend and then not tumble over great quantities to clog and lower Markets but to feed Markets as they observe their Trade requires by which means the Wools of Ireland were kept up to a competent Rate for 7 years together by my self as both the Sheep-masters and Skinners in the Province of Leinster and Connaght have often owned to me 2. So for Tallow and Butter c. trading in them becomes a Lottery from the same cause as my self experienced several times and perticularly in the year 1670. having occasion to buy a considerable quanty I agreed for several Tuns at 24. and it fell I bought more at 23. it still fell to 22. and in some parts of the Kingdom 21. I marvelled at it my Intelligence giving no advice that any great quantities were in the Merchants hands either at London or in foreign Markets but bore a competent rate only low in the West of England I suspected it only proceeded from our Blind man buff Merchants cloging the Market I stopt shiping my own and presently bought up all I could in Dublin at price current and writ to my Correspondents and Factors in all parts of Ireland to do the same upon my account upon which the Price presently started and rise to 24 and 25. and so held it that season By which Experience in these and several other Commodities I observed the Trade of Ireland was ruined by disorder and was preservable and capable of Improvement if rightly managed by considerable Stocks either in single hands conducted by the prudence of an experienced Merchant or in Company by a prudent Governor and Court of Assistance according to the paterns of the aforementioned Companies of England c. 3. This is the only Expedient to rescue the Government of our Trade out of the hands of foreigners at whose mercy we are whether we shall have a high or a low Rate for our Native commodities for they that command the largest Capital or Stock of a Kingdom or State will rule and govern the Trade of it and set the Rates on all Commodities exported or imported Object Englands Trade is divided into Companies which you have named as Hamborough Muscovy Levant East India c. and would you propose all the Trade of Ireland to be contained in the circuit of one Company Answ Though the great Trade of England and Holland c. may well bear and fully imploy several Companies with joint stock c. yet the Trade of Ireland will not England began with one Corporation for Trade in Edw. the thirds time and erected no more until Philip and Mary who granted their Patent for the Muscovy Company which was upwards of 200 years for Trades as well as Pastures may be overstock'd and thereby starved for no Trade thrives where the Merchant
a considerable standing Army and Fleet to prevent French Invasion at double the charge of preserving Ireland now and the Invader with two ordinary Squadrons of Ships one at Brest and the other at Baltimore Bantrie or any of those bold Western Harbours they would so distress the Trade of England a Ship should with much difficulty pass Southward without a great Convey but they would seize him and then possessing the Wools of Ireland they would utterly ruine the Clothing Trade of England and if nothing else can that will convince England when too late that the strength of the English Interest of Ireland is their Bulwark as to foreign Invasion of their Country and violent wresting from thence their Trade The second Reason is because Englands neglect herein hath been the cause of that intolerable charge Ireland hath cost England in preserving and recovering its Interest in Ireland in times past more than Ireland was worth to be bought and sold when Henry the second first conquered it Cambden in his Appendix to Eliz. tells us Tyrones War cost England one million one hundred ninty eight thousand seven hundred and seventeen pounds Borlacy in his History of the Rebellion of 1641. computes the Charge of England in that War unto twenty two millions one hundred ninty one thousand two hundred fifty eight pounds three shillings then compute the Charge of its first Conquest by Henry the second with the suppressing of the several Rebellions from that time unto Tyrones Rebellion 1595. to cost England but double as much as Tyrones Suppression did which if Spencer mistakes not were every seven years in the Queens time and he writ his View of Ireland in the later end of her long Reign of forty four years which were at least six Rebellions in the Queens time and it is evident by our Histories as I have noted in my Catalogue Ireland never enjoyed seven years peace together from its first Conquest to that time then Ireland hath cost England twenty four millions five hundred eighty eight thousand six hundred ninty two pounds which is near three pounds per Acre one with another for all the Land they possess in Ireland which is above double its value now and above four times its worth to purchase Anno 1172. when Henry the second conquered it and so sensible were our Predecessors hereof that in the 11th year of Queen Elizabeth Sir Henry Sidney Lord Deputy in the Preamble to the Act of Parliament for a Subsidy they thus expressed themselves to the Queen viz. Considering the infinite masses of Treasure able to purchase a Kingdom that your most noble Progenitors have exhausted for the Government Defence and Preservation of your Majesties Realm of Ireland and in the body of the said Act thus We for the Alienation of some part of your Majesties inestimable Charge do revive the said Subsidy yet after this Desmond and towards the later end of the Queens Reign Tyrone were chargeable Rebels to Ireland and that most excellent Governour of whom Campion gives this Character A man much beloved stately without disdain familiar without contempt very continent learned in many Languages a great Lover of Learning skilful in Antiquities in utterance happy c. This Noble person who had spent the most part of his Life in Ireland viz. from the third of Queen Mary to the thirteenth of Elizabeth March 25. 1571. in his most elegant Speech in Parliament printed at large by Campion in Reply to some that grumbled at the Charge of the Army reasons thus Many a good fellow talks of Robin Hood that never drew in his Bow and many an idle Head is full of Proclamations c. but let me see which of them can justifie that Ireland can spare the Army c. Are your Enemies more tractable are they fewer are your selves of force to match them if you be then were England stark mad to disburse thirty thousand pounds a year for no other purpose but to vex and grieve you that were like the Husband who gelded himself to anger his Wise c. whose Arguments are still in force for the keeping up a potent Army in Ireland notwithstanding the Charge I could give many instances of the vast Charge Ireland hath put England unto above what it was ever worth to purchase all which intolerable Charge hath proceeded from the not improving the English Interest in Ireland by Trade and Manufactures whereby the English Planters have been constrained to betake themselves to Husbandry amongst the Irish for their livelihood and the Irish being better acquainted with the nature of the Soyl and accustomed to a more frugal way of living have eaten up the substance of the English by which they have been constrained to court their Friendship and by their Fosterings and mixtures by Marriage multitudes of them have embraced their Religion Customs and Manners and degenerated to their Interest as was manifest in the last Rebellion the strength of the Irish consisted in the degenerate English And as Ireland is thus altered in its Estates strong Holds c. treble to what it ever was before so the Inhabitants both Irish and degenerate old English are many of them now English Protestants there are many of the Tooles Burns Cavenaghs Releys ô Neales ô Bryans ô Moores ô Sulivants Mac Cartys Mac Laughlins Mac Guires c. are now English Protestants and more might have been long since saith Spencer if the English Government had done their parts to have supplied the Country with learned pious and painful Preachers that would have out-preach'd and out-liv'd the Irish Priests in holy and godly Conversations which that most intelligent Observer of Englands Defects in the Irish Affairs pag. 113. saith thus In planting of Religion thus much is needful to be observed c. that it be not sought forcibly to be impressed into them with terror and sharp penalties as now is the manner but rather delivered and intimated with mildness and gentleness so as it may not be hated before it be understood and their Professors despised and rejected And therefore it is expedient that some discreet Ministers of their own Countrymen be first sent over amongst them which by their meek persuasions and instructions as also by their sober lives and conversations may draw them first to understand and afterwards to embrace the Doctrine of their Salvation for if the ancient godly Fathers which first converted them when they were Infidels to the Faith were able to pull them from Idolatry and Paganism to the true Belief in Christ as St. Patrick and St. Columb how much more easily shall godly Teachers bring them to the true understanding of that which they already profess wherein it 's a great wonder to see the odds which is between the Zeal of Popish Priests and the Ministers of the Gospel for they spare not to come out of Spain from Rome and from Rhemes by long toyl and dangerous travelling hither where they know peril of Death awaiteth them and