Selected quad for the lemma: england_n
Text snippets containing the quad
|
ID |
Title |
Author |
Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) |
STC |
Words |
Pages |
|
A64804
|
Military and maritine [sic] discipline in three books.
|
Venn, Thomas. Military observations.
|
1672
(1672)
|
Wing V192; ESTC R25827
|
403,413
|
588
|
Lead of the same Diameter For 3½ Inches put 3 5 and say if 2 give 3 5 what will 3 give 35    1  15 105 52½ pounds 9 22  105   This 52½ pounds is the weight of a Shot of Lead of 3 Inches and a half Diameter The proportion between Iron and Stone is as 3 to 8 so that a Shot of 12 pound of stone is as big or the same in Diameter as the like Shot of Iron that weighs 32 pounds but some say the proportion between Marble and Iron is as 15 to 34. A Bullet of Lead to the like of Marble is in proportion as 4 to 1. The proportion between Lead and Brass is as 24 is to 19. The proportion between Iron and Lead as some say is as 19 to 28. The proportion between Iron and Brass is as 16 to 18. By these Rules we may Calculate a Table very easily to know if an Iron Shot be wanting and a Shot of any of the other metals to be had what height and weight either Shot of Lead Brass or Stone ought to be to fit any piece of Ordnance and by the same method we have here Calculated a Table which doth shew the weight of any Shot of Iron Lead or Stone from 2 Inches to 9 Inches This is worthy to be observed that you ought not to have so much Powder to Load a Piece that must discharge a Marble Shot as an Iron Shot but the proportion must be abated as the proportions between Stone and Iron doth allow of A Table of the Diameter and Weight of all such Shot as are generally used in England from one to eight Inches Diameter with the length of every Piece fitting to carry such a Shot The Names of the Pieces of Ordnance Diameter of the Bore Length of the Gun Weight of the Gun in pounds Breadth of the Ladle Length of the Ladle Weight of the Powder Diameter of the Shot The weight of the Shot He shoots point blank The Parts Inches Inches Feet Pounds Parts Inches Parts Inches Ounces Pounds Parts Inches Ounces Pounds Paces  8 8  8 8  8   A Base 1 2 4 6 200 2 0 4 0 0 8 1 1 0 5 60 A Rabanet 1 4 5 6 300 2 4 4 1 0 12 1 3 0 8 70 Fauconets 2 2 6 0 400 4 0 7 4 1 4 2 2 1 5 90 Faucons 2 6 7 0 750 4 4 8 2 2 4 2 5 2 8 130 Ordinary Minion 3 0 7 0 750 108 5 0 8 4 2 8 2 7 3 4 120 Minion of the largest size 3 2 8 0 1000 5 0 9 0 3 4 3 0 3 12 125 Saker the lowest sort 3 4 8 0 1400 6 4 9 6 3 6 3 2 4 12 150 Ordinary Sakers 3 6 9 9 0 1500 6 6 10 4 4 0 3 4 6 0 160 Sakers of the oldest sort 4 0 10 0 1800 7 2 11 0 5 0 3 6 7 5 163 Lowest Demiculvering 4 2 10 0 2000 8 0 12 0 6 4 4 0 9 0 174 Ordinary Demiculvering 4 4 80 11 0 2700 8 0 12 6 7 4 4 2 10 11 175 Elder sort of Demiculvering 4 6 12 13 0 3000 8 4 13 4 8 8 4 4 12 11 178 Culverings of the best size 5 0 10 13 0 4000 9 0 14 2 10 0 4 6 15 0 180 Ordinary Culvering 5 2 12 13 4500 9 4 16 0 11 6 5 0 17 5 181 Culvering of the largest size 5 4 12 10 0 4800 10 0 16 0 11 8 5 2 20 0 183 Lowest Demicanon 6 2 11 0 5400 11 4 20 0 14 0 6 0 30 0 156 Ordinary Demicanon 6 4 12 0 5600 12 0 22 0 17 8 6 1 ◠32 0 162 Demicanon of great size 6 6 12 0 6000 12 0 22 6 18 0 6 5 36 0 180 Canon Royal or of 8 0 12 8000 14 6 24 0 32 8 7 4 58 0 185 QUEST VIII How to make a Shot of Lead and Stone together the Stone being first put into the middle of the Mold in which the Lead must be afterwards Cast round about the Stone to be of the like Diameter and Weight as an Iron Shot is of It is found by Experience that if you take five parts Lead and one part of Stone it will come very near the matter By these Rules have we Calculated this Table It is found by experience that if Inches Quart Lead Poun Ou. Stone Poun Ou. Both together Poun Oun. 1  0 1⅔ 0 0⅔ 0 2 1 2 0 6¼ 0 1¾ 0 8 2  0 14 0 4 1 2 2 2 0 12 0 8 2 4 3  3 2 0 10 3 12 3 2 5 0 1 0 5 0 4  7 7 1 8 8 15 4 2 10 8 2 2 12 10 5  14 7 2 14 17 5 5 2 19 4 3 12 23 0 6  25 0 5 0 30 0 6 2 32 0 6 0 38 0 7  40 0 8 0 48 0 7 2 48 0 10 0 58 0 8  59 0 12 0 71 0 you take 5 parts Lead and one part Stone it will come very near the matter wanting not above 3 Ounces which is nothing respecting the difference you shall find in Pibble Stones Here you have a Table how much Lead and how much Stone must be together to make the equal of Iron Shot from 1 inch and to every half in the first and second Column to 8 Inch. Diameter the third Column is how much Lead the fourth how much Stone the fifth how much weight both together It s use is thus knowing the Diameter of the intended Shot enter the Table in the first and second Columns and against them in the third and fourth Columns you have the Weight of Lead and Stone that will make a Shot of the same Diameter with a Shot of Iron whose weight is in the fifth Column Example An Iron Shot of 2 inches Diameter will weigh 1 pound 2 ounces If I enter this Table with 2 inches in the first Column against it I shall find that I must have 14 ounces of Lead and 4 ounces of Stone and this will make a Shot of 2 inches Diameter equal to the weight of the Shot of Iron QUEST IX To find the sollid Content and thereby the weight of any Iron Shot By the former Table or otherwise find the Cube of the Diameter which if you multiply by 11 and divide by 21 gives the sollid Content of that Bullet in inches and parts Now to know how many pounds weight any such body doth contain multiply the sollid Content by 4 and divide that Sum by 16 it will shew how many pounds of Iron that Bullet weigheth for an inch square of cast Iron weigheth 4 ounces CHAP. XXVI Questions about Pieces of Ordnance BEfore we come to work what we intend concerning a Piece of Ordnance it is necessary to understand these Propositions following PROP. I. Having the Diameter of a Circle to find the superficial Content Multiply the square of the Diameter of any
for that purpose and make it like paste then as is usual let it be beaten up strongly with an Iron Bar the more 't is beaten the better it is in the beating add one sixt part of Horse dung and a proportionable part of Flox or Hair and let it again be well beaten and incorporated alwayes keeping a Moity of this Earth without Hair or Flox which is for Ground-work and these Compositions or Earth thus incorporated you must reserve for the making your Molds for Pieces of Ordnance according to the Rules prescribed in the next Chapter CHAP. II. Of making Molds and Casting Pieces of Ordnance with the mixture of Metals and allowance of Powder for proof AS a Master Builder when he intends the Building a Ship makes first a Mold or Moddel of the same so the Master Gunner or he that takes in hand the business of Casting Guns must have a form or Model of his Piece intended made of wood or such other matter he may think most convenient which then being brought to the Founder with an intent to be Cast must first be smeered all over with Palm Oyle or instead of that our Lard or Hogs-grease then first cover it over with the said earth thinly and let it dry leisurely then lay on more encreasing it to such a thickness as you may judge convenient for your purpose and it must be so made that it may be taken into several parts so that the pattern may be taken out and the Mold again exactly closed and the outside strengthned with Iron plates as long as the Chace of the Piece is and hooped together with Iron hoops to knock on and off Then must there be made with the same earth upon a square Bar of Iron bound round with a Cord that the clay may stick well a form exactly round of the fashion of the concave of your Piece whether you intend it a Cylender or a Chamber-board Piece proportioned both in length and diameter and it must be placed exactly in the middle of the concave and when all is well joyned together be sure it be well pollished and smoothed that the Metal may run the better and be the clearer from flaws holes or clefts In the beginning of your work take care that your Mold be exactly proportionable as to heighth and substantialness of Metal according to the nature of the Piece you intend That is the Canon double-fortified must be so cast that the Diameter at Muzzle be but 7 18 of the Diameter at Britch The lesser Cannon at Britch to be ¾ so big as the greater Cannon 9 18 at Trunions and 1 18 at Muzzle whereas ordinary fortified Cannons have at the Touch-hole 7 8 at the Trunions 5 8 and at the Muzzle 1 8 all lesser Pieces in that kind have 18 18 at the Touch-hole 25 â—8 at Trunions and 9 18 at Muzzle and the ordinary fortified Culverins are fortified every way like the double fortified Cannon and the lesser Culverin like the ordinary fortified Cannon in all respects Great care must be taken in the Casting of Pieces of Ordnance that they be equal every way in proportion of Metals that is that the Cylender be in the very middle of the Metal that it may be truely bored otherwise your Piece will fail the Artist that shall use it until the error be known In the next place let the Trunions be exactly placed in a Diagonal line with the Axis of the Piece and they may be placed in their proper distance from the Muzzle and Britch if you observe these Rules Take the length of the bore of the Piece from Muzzle to Britch divide that measure by seven and multiply that sum that cometh of the Quotient by three the Product will shew you how many inches the Trunions must stand from the lowest part of the concavity of the Piece And farther note that the Trunions ought to be placed so as â…” of the Circumference of the Piece may be seen in that place where the Trunions are set When all additional Patterns as Britch c. be made and Luted in their proper place all things at pleasure being neatly added to the pattern let the Mold then be fixt or placed so as is most convenient for the pouring in the Metal so when the Metal is cast the perfect impression will be made upon the superficial part of the Piece and the Cylender will keep the bore proposed according to what you have prescribed the length of the Piece and its Diameter of the bore may be found by the following Table in the next Chapter For the Metals generally used for those Guns generally called brass Guns they are mixtures and many times varied as experience will give leave Some of the chiefest do approve of this mixture that is to every hundred Weight of Copper 24 pounds of Tin and 6 pounds of Lattin Others to 100 l. of Copper add 8 l. of Tin and 10 l. of Lattin Others to ever 100 l. add 20 l. of Bell-Metal which is 25 l. of Lead and Tin to every 100 l. of of Copper Some add Tin Lead Copper and Lapis Calaminaris together so every one follows such wayes of Composition as doth most please his own Experience The Copper and other better Metals being once melted the Tin and Lead is added for the better and quicker fusion and the higher the Metal is in fusion the more solid and compact your Metal will run and settle The Lattin doth incorporate and cause the Piece to be of a good colour and the Tin doth strengthen and bind the other matters together Now a Piece of Ordnance being Cast before it comes to Service it must be put to tryal for which purpose there is used for proof according to the weight of the shot about two thirds or four fifths of that weight in Powder and for smaller Pieces more CHAP. III. The Names of the principal Pieces of Ordnance used in England their Weight Length Diameter of the Bore Height and Weight of the Shot allowance of Powder THe greatest in use is the Cannon Royal which is in weight of Metal about 8000 l. in length about 12 foot carries a Shot of 7 ½ inch Diameter and its weight is 58 l. of Iron its bore is 8 inches requireth for her charge in Powder 32 l. 8 z. Demi-Cannon of the greater size called by some Cannon of Seven whose weight of Metal is 7000 l. in length about 12 foot carrying a Shot of 6 ¾ inch Diameter and its weight of Iron is 42 l. 10 z. the Diameter at bore is 7 inches requireth for her charge in Powder 20 l. Demi-Cannon great size it 's weight of Metal is 6000 l. in length about 12 foot carrying a Shot of 6 ¼ inch Diameter and its weight in Iron is 34 l. the Diameter at bore is 6 ½ inch requireth for her charge of Cannon Powder 18 l. Demi-Cannon ordinary its weight of Metal is 5600 l. in length 11 foot carrying a Shot of 6 1