Selected quad for the lemma: england_n
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A64318
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The compleat gunner in three parts : part I. shewing the art of founding and casting ... the composition and matters of gunpowders ... : part II. discovers the necessary instruments ... to the compleating of a gunner ... : pt. III. shews the nature of fire-works / translated out of Casimir, Diego, Uffano, Hexan, and other authors; to which is added The doctrine of projects applyed to gunnery by those late famous authors Galilæus and Torricellio now rendred into English ; together with some excellent observations out of Mersennus and other famous authors.
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1672
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Wing T65; ESTC R29235
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142,431
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179
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There ariseth here a difference between this way and the former but this way is the most true not but that both Rules are true in themselves but the former depending upon finding the Cube Roots which cannot be found much more exacter than what I have done and so working by them and they not being exact causes the difference in the work QUEST IV. How to find the Diameter for the Weight of any Shot assigned Suppose a Shot of 27 l. be 6 Inches Diameter how many Inches Diameter is a Shot of 64 l. Find the Cube of 64 in the Table and it will be found to be 4 which multiply by 6 and it makes 24 which divided by 3 the Cube of 27 and it gives 8 Inches for the Diameter of the Shot or Bullet which was required QUEST V. How this Question may Geometrically be resolved Mr. Gunter in his first Book Section 4. hath shewed how to make a Line of Solids on his Sector but this Rule shews us the proportion of the Diameters in Weight having a Shot of one pound two pounds three pounds weight of Metal or stone c. For if the given Shot be one pound divide the diameter of that Shot into 4 equal parts and 5 such parts will make a Diameter of a Shot of the said Metal as is proposed that shall weigh just twice as much And divide the Diameter of a Shot that weighs just two pounds into seven equal parts and eight such parts will make the Diameter of a Shot of 3 pounds weight And Divide the Diameter of a Shot of 3 pounds into 10 equal parts and 11 of such parts will give a Shot of 4 pounds weight And divide a Shot of 4 pounds weight into 13 parts and 14 such parts will make a Shot of 5 pounds in weight And divide the Diameter of a Shot of 5 pounds weight into 16 equal parts and 17 such parts will make a Diameter of a shot that will weigh 6 pounds And so dividing the Diameter of a shot 6 pounds weight into 19 equal parts and 20 such parts will make a Diameter of a shot that will weigh 7 pounds Thus dividing each next Diameter into three equal parts more than the next less Diameter was divided into and with one part added to the Diameter of a shot it will weigh just one pound more and so may proceed infinitely A second way to Perform this work Find exactly the Diameter of a shot whose weight is just one pound then describe a Circle whose Diameter shall be equal thereunto and divide it into four equal parts as a b c d and draw the two Diameters a c and d b crossing the Center and then take the distance d c in your Compasses and lay it off from e to 2 and this will be a shot of two pounds weight Then take the distance d 2 in your Compasses and set it off from e to 3 so will that distance be the Diameter of a shot of three pounds weight and so you may proceed in the same manner at your pleasure as you may see by the projection QUEST VI. If a Shot of three Inches and a half weigh sir pounds what will a Shot of seven inches and three quarters weigh You may for 3½ put 3 50. and for 7¾ put 7 75. then you may Cube them the common way then multiply the second by the third number and divide by the first the Quotient gives the content You may more easily work it by the Table of Cubes aforegoing that is against the Root 3 50. you will find its Cube to be 42 875 and against the Root 7 75. you will find its Cube to be 46 548. and this multiplyed by 6 and divided by 42 875 will leave 65 14. that is 65 pounds and 〈◊〉 parts of a pound In this nature may any Fractions be wrought even as easie as whole Numbers especially if you reckon your Fractions the Decimal way or bring them into Decimal Fractions by Reduction QUEST VII The Proportions between Bullets of Iron and Bullets of Lead or Stone that is by knowing the Weight of an Iron Shot to find the Weight of a Shot of the same Diameter made of Lead or Stone The Proportion between Lead and Iron is as 3 to 2 so that a Shot of two pound of Iron is the same Diameter as a Shot of 3 pounds of Lead Example If a Shot of Iron of 3½ Inches Diameter weigh 6 pounds what will a Shot of Lead of the same Diameter For 3½ Inches put 3 5 and say if 2 give 3 5 what will 3 give This 52½ pounds is the weight of a Shot of Lead of 3 Inches and a half Diameter The proportion between Iron and Stone is as 3 to 8 so that a Shot of 12 pound of stone is as big or the same in Diameter as the like Shot of Iron that weighs 32 pounds but some say the proportion between Marble and Iron is as 15 to 34. A Bullet of Lead to the like of Marble is in proportion as 4 to 1. The proportion between Lead and Brass is as 24 is to 19. The proportion between Iron and Lead as some say is as 19 to 28. The proportion between Iron and Brass is as 16 to 18. By these Rules we may Calculate a Table very easily to know if an Iron Shot be wanting and a Shot of any of the other metals to be had what height and weight either Shot of Lead Brass or Stone ought to be to fit any piece of Ordnance and by the same method we have here Calculated a Table which doth shew the weight of any Shot of Iron Lead or Stone from 2 Inches to 9 Inches This is worthy to be observed that you ought not to have so much Powder to Load a Piece that must discharge a Marble Shot as an Iron Shot but the proportion must be abated as the proportions between Stone and Iron doth allow of A Table of the Diameter and Weight of all such Shot as are generally used in England from one to eight Inches Diameter with the length of every Piece fitting to carry such a Shot The Names of the Pieces of Ordnance Diameter of the Bore Length of the Gun Weight of the Gun in pounds Breadth of the Ladle Length of the Ladle Weight of the Powder Diameter of the Shot The weight of the Shot He shoots point blank The Inches The Parts The Feet The Inches The Pounds The Inches The Parts The Inches The Parts The Pounds The Ounces The Inches The Parts The Pounds The Ounces The Paces A Base 1 2 8 4 6 8 200 2 0 8 4 0 8 0 8 1 1 8 0 5 60 A Rabanet 1 4 8 5 6 8 300 2 4 8 4 1 8 0 12 1 3 8 0 8 70 Fauconets 2 2 8 6 0 8 400 4 0 8 7 4 8 1 4 2 2 8 1 5 90 Faucons 2 6 8 7 0 8 750 4 4 8 8 2 8 2 4 2 5 8 2 8 130 Ordinary Minion 3 0
both in length and diameter and it must be placed exactâ—ly in the middle of the concave and when all is well joyned together be sure it be well pollished and smoothed that the Metal may run the better and be the clearer from flaws holes or clefts In the beginning of your work take care that your Mold be exactly proportionable as to heighth and substantialness of Metal according to the nature of the Piece you intend That is the Canon double-fortified must be so cast that the Diameter at Muzzle be but 〈◊〉 of the Diameter at Britch The lesser Cannon at Britch to be 〈◊〉 â—o big as the greater Cannon 9 16 at Trunions and 〈◊〉 at Muzzle whereas ordinary fortified Cannons have at the Touch-hole 7 8 at the Trunions 5 8 and at the Muzzle 〈◊〉 all lesser Pieces in that kind have 18 1â— at the Touch-hole 〈◊〉 at Trunions and 〈◊〉 at Muzzle and the ordinary fortified Culverins are fortified every way like the double fortified Cannon and the lesser Culverin like the ordinary fortified Cannon in all respects Great care must be taken in the Casting of Pieces of Ordnance that they be equal every way in proportion of Metals that is that the Cylender be in the very middle of the Metal that it may be truely bored otherwise your Piece will fail the Artist that shall use it until the error be known In the next place let the Trunions be exactly placed in a Diagonal line with the Axis of the Piece and they may be placed in their proper distance from the Muzzle and Britch if you observe these Rules Take the length of the bore of the Piece from Muzzle to Britch divide that measure by seven and multiply that sum that cometh of the Quotient by three the Product will shew you how many inches the Trunions must stand from the lowest part of the concavity of the Piece And farther note that the Trunions ought to be placed so as 〈◊〉 of the Circumference of the Piece may be seen in that place where the Trunions are set When all additional Patterns as Britch c. be made and Luted in their proper place all things at pleasure being neatly added to the pattern let the Mold then be fixt or placed so as is most convenient for the pouring in the Metal so when the Metal is cast the perfect impression will be made upon the superficial part of the Piece and the Cylender will keep the bore proposed according to what you have prescribed the length of the Piece and its Diameter of the bore may be found by the following Table in the next Chapter For the Metals generally used for those Guns generally called brass Guns they are mixtures and many times varied as experience will give leave Some of the chiefest do approve of this mixture that is to every hundred Weight of Copper 24 pounds of Tin and 6 pounds of Lattin Others to 100l of Copper add 8 l. of Tin and 10 l. of Lattin Others to ever 100l add 20l. of Bell-Metal which is 25l of Lead and Tin to every 100l of of Copper Some add Tin Lead Copper and Lapis Calaminaris together so every one follows such wayes of Composition as doth most please his own Experience The Copper and other better Metals being once melted the Tin and Lead is added for the better and quicker fusion and the higher the Metal is in fusion the more solid and compact your Metal will run and settle The Lattin doth incorporate and cause the Piece to be of a good colour and the Tin doth strengthen and bind the other matters together Now a Piece of Ordnance being Cast before it comes to Service it must be put to tryal for which purpose there is used for proof according to the weight of the shot about two thirds or four fifths of that weight in Powder and for smaller Pieces more CHAP. III. The Names of the principal Pieces of Ordnance used in England their Weight Length Diameter of the Bore Height and Weight of the Shot allowance of Powder THe greatest in use is the Cannon Royal which is in weight of Metal about 8000l in length about 12 foot carries a Shot of 7â— inch Diameter and its weight is 58l of Iron its bore is 8 inches requireth for her charge in Powder 32l 8z Demi-Cannon of the greater size called by some Cannon of Seven whose weight of Metal is 7000l in length about 12 foot carrying a Shot of 6â— inch Diameter and its weight of Iron is 42l 10z the Diameter at bore is 7 inches requireth for her charge in Powder 20l. Demi-Cannon great size it 's weight of Metal is 6000l in length about 12 foot carrying a Shot of 61 4 inch Diameter and its weight in Iron is 34l the Diameter at bore is 6 〈◊〉 inch requireth for her charge of Cannon Powder 18l Demi-Cannon ordinary its weight of Metal is 5600l in length 11 foot carrying a Shot of 6 〈◊〉 inch Diameter its weight in Iron is 32l the Diameter at bore is 6 〈◊〉 inch requireth for her charge in Powder 171 2 pounds The lowest Demi-Cannon whose weight of Metal is 5400l being in length sometime 10 and sometimes 12 foot it carries a Shot of 6 inches the weight of that Shot in Iron is 30l the Diameter of the bore is 61 4 inch it requireth for charge in Powder 14l Culverin of the largest size weighs about 4800l being in length 10 or 12 foot it carries a Shot of 5 〈◊〉 inch Diameter the weight of that Shot in Iron is 20l. the Diameter of the bore is 6 〈◊〉 inch it requireth for charge in Powder 12l 8z Ordinary whole Culverin weighs about 4500 l. being in length about 12 foot it carries a Shot of 5 inches Diameter the weight of that Shot of Iron is about 17 l. Diameter at bore is 51 4 inch it requireth for charge in Powder 11 l. 6 z. Culverin of the least size weighs about 4000 l. being in length about 12 foot it carries a Shot of 4 〈◊〉 inch Diameter the weight of that Shot of Iron is 15 l. Diameter at bore is 5 inch charge of Powder is 10 l. Demi-Culverin of the greatest size weighs about 3000 l. being in length 10 or 12 foot carries a Shot of 4 〈◊〉 inch Diameter the weight of that Shot of Iron is 12 l. 11 z. Diameter of the bore 4 〈◊〉 inch charge of Powder is 8 l. 12 z. Demi-Culverin ordinary weighs about 2700 l. being in length 10 or 12 foot carries a Shot of 41 4 inch Diameter weight of that Shot of Iron is 10 l. 12 z. Diameter of the bore 41 2 inch charge of Powder is 7 l. 4 z. Demi-Culverin lower than ordinary weighs about 2000 l. being in length 9 or 10 foot carries a Shot of 4 inches Diameter weight of that Shot 9 l. Diameter of the bore 4 〈◊〉 inch charge of Powder is 6 l. 4 z. Saker of the oldest sort of 1800 l. weight being in length 9 or