Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	abate_v	land_n	woollen_a	14	3	11.5611	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A32827	A discourse about trade wherein the reduction of interest in money to 4 l. per centum, is recommended : methods for the employment and maintenance of the poor are proposed : several weighty points relating to companies of merchants, the act of navigation, naturalization of strangers, our woollen manufactures, the ballance of trade, and the nature of plantations, and their consequences in relation to the kingdom are seriously discussed : and some arguments for erecting a court of merchants for determining controversies, relating to maritime affairs, and for a law for transferrance of bills of debts, are humbly offered.	Child, Josiah, Sir, 1630-1699.; Culpeper, Thomas, Sir, 1578-1662. Small treatise against usury.	1690 (1690)	Wing C3853; ESTC R8738	119,342	350

license_v november_n the_o 18_o 1689._o and_o enter_v according_a to_o order_n a_o discourse_n about_o trade_n wherein_o the_o reduction_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la centum_fw-la be_v recommend_v method_n for_o the_o employment_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v propose_v several_a weighty_a point_n relate_v to_o company_n of_o merchant_n the_o act_n of_o navigation_n naturalisation_n of_o stranger_n our_o woollen_a manufacture_n the_o balance_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o plantation_n and_o their_o consequence_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n be_v serious_o discuss_v and_o some_o argument_n for_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o merchant_n for_o determine_a controversy_n relate_v to_o maritime_a affair_n and_o for_o a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v humble_o offer_v never_o before_o print_v print_a by_o a_o soul_n at_o the_o crooked-billet_a in_o holloway-lane_n and_o sell_v at_o the_o three_o key_n in_o nags-head-court_n grace-church-street_n 1690._o the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o follow_a sheet_n be_v write_v as_o the_o reader_n will_v observe_v by_o the_o content_n soon_o after_o the_o dreadful_a fire_n which_o happen_v in_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o they_o fall_v very_o accidental_o into_o my_o hand_n in_o manuscript_n as_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v this_o last_o summer_n and_o have_v in_o my_o conversation_n in_o the_o world_n hear_v several_a of_o the_o proposition_n therein_o discuss_v frequent_o contra_v i_o do_v set_v myself_o with_o some_o curiosity_n to_o run_v they_o over_o and_o in_o do_v it_o discern_v as_o i_o think_v much_o experimental_a truth_n and_o reason_n and_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a life_n and_o spirit_n for_o the_o public_a good_a in_o the_o whole_a work_n i_o therefore_o make_v suit_n to_o the_o judicious_a &_o worthy_a author_n to_o permit_v i_o to_o the_o same_o end_n for_o which_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o first_o write_v to_o hand_n it_o over_o to_o some_o of_o our_o best_a patriot_n to_o which_o he_o be_v please_v to_o concede_fw-la i_o begin_v to_o transcribe_v it_o but_o find_v that_o that_o will_v prove_v a_o tedious_a task_n and_o that_o that_o way_n will_v confine_v this_o excellent_a treatise_n to_o too_o narrow_a bound_n i_o have_v presume_v thus_o to_o emit_v it_o to_o the_o world_n i_o may_v not_o divulge_v the_o author_n name_n but_o this_o i_o may_v true_o say_v he_o be_v no_o trader_n neither_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o money_n but_o receive_v a_o great_a deal_n yearly_a and_o have_v to_o my_o knowledge_n a_o considerable_a estate_n in_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o most_o invidious_a can_v conceive_v he_o have_v any_o private_a or_o selfish_a end_n in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o have_v in_o my_o time_n be_v privy_a to_o and_o frequent_o concern_v in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o much_o land_n and_o i_o find_v every_o thing_n he_o say_v at_o that_o time_n so_o true_a of_o the_o then_o low_a rate_n of_o land_n as_o be_v his_o prediction_n of_o its_o rise_n in_o purchase_n so_o soon_o as_o that_o lazy_a way_n of_o usury_n by_o bankeer_v shall_v be_v break_v that_o i_o be_o moral_o confident_a if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o abate_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n by_o a_o law_n to_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n we_o shall_v as_o certain_o see_v land_n in_o england_n as_o general_o sell_v at_o twenty_o five_o year_n purchase_v within_o five_o year_n after_o such_o a_o law_n as_o we_o do_v see_v they_o about_o the_o time_n the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v write_v sell_v at_o seventeen_o year_n purchase_n and_o as_o we_o do_v now_o see_v land_n current_o sell_v at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n and_o upward_o i_o take_v occasion_n in_o my_o discourse_n with_o the_o author_n to_o observe_v to_o he_o that_o though_o land_n in_o general_n be_v rise_v in_o sale_n as_o he_o foresee_v to_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n or_o more_o that_o yet_o marsh_n and_o feed_v ground_n be_v abate_v in_o rent_n to_o the_o tenant_n at_o least_o 20_o or_o 30_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n he_o grant_v i_o to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a herein_o and_o impute_v the_o cause_n thereof_o partly_o to_o the_o prohibition_n of_o irish_a cattle_n and_o partly_o to_o the_o late_a general_a practice_n of_o sow_a clover_n saint-foyne_a rye-grass_n and_o other_o grass-seed_n upon_o which_o i_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o think_v it_o will_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a to_o prohibit_v by_o a_o law_n the_o sow_v of_o those_o seed_n he_o say_v by_o no_o mean_n honest_a industry_n and_o invention_n be_v never_o to_o be_v obstruct_v by_o law_n i_o query_v then_o why_o usury_n shall_v be_v check_v by_o a_o law_n he_o reply_v that_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o usury_n there_o be_v neither_o industry_n not_o invention_n but_o idleness_n and_o oppression_n and_o that_o all_o christian_a church_n as_o well_o as_o most_o particular_a eminent_a divine_n ever_o since_o our_o saviour_n christ_n time_n have_v condemn_v usury_n as_o sinful_a the_o foregoing_a discourse_n lead_v to_o another_o great_a question_n whether_o foreign_a commodity_n such_o as_o tend_v to_o nourish_v vice_n and_o luxury_n ought_v not_o for_o the_o public_a good_a to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o a_o law_n or_o by_o load_v they_o with_o a_o deep_a custom_n such_o as_o wine_n brandy_n sugar_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o be_o humble_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o most_o profound_a submission_n to_o all_o my_o superior_n who_o proper_a business_n it_o be_v to_o agree_v and_o constitute_v law_n that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o public_a good_a to_o load_v even_o such_o commodity_n with_o so_o great_a a_o duty_n as_o do_v or_o may_v ruin_v our_o plantation_n or_o total_o prevent_v the_o english_a from_o a_o possibility_n of_o supply_v the_o eastern_a and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n with_o these_o commodity_n because_o by_o so_o do_v we_o give_v away_o the_o most_o precious_a of_o all_o our_o trade_n a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o navigation_n to_o our_o wise_a neighbour_n the_o dutch_a who_o have_v rather_o pay_v their_o twenty_o penny_n twice_o a_o year_n than_o lose_v their_o trade_n to_o the_o baltic_a with_o salt_n wine_n brandy_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n i_o may_v say_v too_o with_o chestnut_n and_o walnut_n as_o inconsiderable_a as_o their_o value_n be_v every_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v prize_v above_o gold_n that_o increase_v the_o navigation_n of_o any_o country_n especial_o that_o of_o this_o island_n of_o england_n i_o have_v be_v always_o a_o advocate_n for_o liberty_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o persecution_n for_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o so_o i_o be_o confident_a be_v the_o gentleman_n our_o worthy_a author_n as_o the_o follow_a tract_n clear_o evince_n and_o by_o so_o do_v give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o admirable_a work_n have_v till_o now_o lie_v in_o obscurity_n the_o policy_n and_o council_n of_o the_o late_a reign_v constant_o discountenance_v that_o excellent_a principle_n and_o because_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n be_v frequent_o touch_v in_o this_o ensue_a discourse_n and_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o principal_a mean_n to_o advance_v the_o public_a good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n trade_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v the_o real_a and_o only_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v take_v the_o freedom_n to_o tell_v my_o thought_n very_o plain_o in_o relation_n to_o it_o i_o remember_v that_o great_a master_n of_o historian_n cornelius_n tacitus_n say_v of_o the_o incomparable_a roman_a emperor_n nerva_n that_o he_o do_v reconcile_v res_fw-la olim_fw-la insociabiles_fw-la thing_n never_o before_o adjust_v the_o freedom_n of_o all_o man_n with_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o one_o such_o a_o prince_n i_o hope_v and_o very_o believe_v god_n almighty_a in_o abundant_a mercy_n to_o this_o poor_a nation_n have_v send_v we_o in_o his_o present_a majesty_n our_o true_o good_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_a king_n william_n the_o favourite_n of_o heaven_n and_o delight_n of_o man_n under_o who_o we_o may_v most_o undoubted_o be_v the_o happy_a people_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n if_o we_o will_v but_o we_o shall_v never_o attain_v that_o happiness_n and_o hand_n it_o over_o to_o posterity_n except_o we_o all_o as_o well_o dissenter_n as_o church_n of_o england_n man_n do_v sincere_o and_o cordial_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o that_o memorable_a prince_n nerva_n to_o reconcile_v thing_n former_o unsociable_a viz._n liberty_n of_o conscience_n to_o all_o with_o the_o preservation_n of_o one_o entire_a vniform_a national_a church_n in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o public_a revenue_n thereof_o these_o two_o thing_n in_o my_o most_o unbiased_a retire_a thought_n be_v so_o far_o from_o contradiction_n that_o as_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v

offend_v with_o i_o i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o this_o will_v never_o spoil_v but_o mend_v their_o marriage_n beside_o the_o great_a good_n it_o will_v bring_v to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o whether_o they_o prove_v to_o be_v nobleman_n gentleman_n or_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v in_o several_a place_n of_o my_o ensue_a treatise_n refer_v to_o some_o tract_n i_o former_o publish_v upon_o this_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o whole_o out_o of_o print_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o re-print_n and_o annex_v unto_o this_o which_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v not_o some_o there_o be_v who_o will_v grant_v that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v will_v procure_v to_o the_o nation_n all_o the_o good_a that_o i_o allege_v it_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o but_o say_v it_o be_v not_o practicable_a or_o at_o least_o not_o now_o 1._o a_o needless_a scruple_n and_o contradictory_n to_o experience_n for_o first_o a_o law_n have_v abate_v interest_n in_o england_n three_o time_n within_o these_o few_o year_n already_o and_o what_o shall_v hinder_v its_o effect_n now_o more_o than_o former_o 2._o if_o a_o law_n will_v not_o do_v it_o why_o do_v the_o usurer_n raise_v such_o a_o dust_n and_o engage_v so_o many_o friend_n to_o oppose_v the_o pass_n of_o a_o act_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o do_v it_o as_o it_o have_v do_v already_o though_o they_o will_v persuade_v other_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v doubt_v we_o have_v not_o money_n enough_o in_o england_n beside_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o riches_n in_o general_a i_o shall_v here_o give_v some_o further_a reason_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o case_n to_o prove_v that_o we_o have_v now_o much_o more_o money_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a notwithstanding_o the_o seem_a scarcity_n at_o present_a if_o i_o shall_v look_v further_o back_o then_o twenty_o year_n the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a on_o my_o side_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n great_a and_o more_o perspicuous_a but_o i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o that_o time_n which_o be_v within_o most_o man_n memory_n 1._o we_o give_v general_o now_o one_o three_o more_o money_n with_o apprentice_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 2._o notwithstanding_o the_o decay_n and_o loss_n of_o sundry_a trade_n and_o manufacture_n yet_o in_o the_o gross_a we_o ship_n off_o now_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o the_o manufacture_n as_o also_o lead_v and_o tin_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a which_o be_v a_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o a_o proof_n of_o our_o increase_n of_o money_n if_o any_o doubt_v this_o if_o they_o please_v to_o consult_v mr_n di●kins_n surveyor_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n who_o be_v the_o best_a able_a i_o know_v live_v and_o have_v take_v the_o most_o pain_n in_o these_o calculation_n he_o may_v be_v satisfactory_o resolve_v 3._o house_n new_o build_v in_o london_n yield_v twice_o the_o rent_n they_o do_v before_o the_o fire_n and_o house_n general_o immediate_o before_o the_o fire_n yield_v about_o one_o four_o part_n more_o rent_n than_o they_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 4._o the_o speedy_a and_o costly_a building_n of_o london_n be_v a_o convince_a and_o to_o stranger_n a_o amaze_a argument_n of_o the_o plenty_n and_o late_o increase_v of_o money_n in_o england_n 5._o we_o have_v now_o more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o merchant_n ship_n we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a 6._o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n from_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o money_n be_v strange_o alter_v within_o these_o twenty_o year_n most_o payment_n from_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n be_v now_o make_v with_o ready_a money_n whereas_o former_o the_o course_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n run_v at_o three_o six_o nine_o twelve_o and_o eighteen_o month_n time_n but_o if_o this_o case_n be_v so_o clear_a some_o may_v ask_v i_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n complain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n especial_o in_o the_o country_n my_o answer_n to_o this_o query_n be_v viz._n 1._o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o frailty_n and_o corruption_n of_o (null)_o nature_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o present_a and_o commend_v the_o time_n past_a so_o say_v they_o of_o old_a the_o former_a day_n be_v better_a than_o these_o and_o i_o can_v say_v in_o truth_n upon_o my_o own_o memory_n that_o man_n do_v complain_v as_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n ever_o since_o i_o know_v the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v now_o nay_o the_o very_a same_o person_n that_o now_o complain_v of_o this_o and_o commend_v that_o time_n 2._o and_o more_o particular_o this_o complaint_n proceed_v from_o many_o man_n find_n themselves_o uneasy_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o religion_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n when_o they_o be_v discontent_v at_o one_o thing_n to_o complain_v of_o all_o and_o principal_o to_o utter_v their_o discontent_n and_o complaint_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o popular_a those_o that_o hate_v a_o man_n for_o some_o one_o cause_n will_v seldom_o allow_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a in_o he_o and_o some_o that_o be_v angry_a with_o one_o person_n or_o thing_n will_v find_v fault_n with_o other_o that_o give_v they_o no_o offence_n like_o peevish_a person_n that_o meet_v discontent_n abroad_o come_v home_n quarrel_n with_o their_o wife_n child_n servant_n etc._n etc._n 3._o and_o more_o especial_o this_o complaint_n in_o the_o country_n proceed_v from_o the_o late_a practice_n of_o bring_v up_o the_o tax-money_n in_o wagon_n to_o london_n which_o do_v doubtless_o cause_v a_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n 4._o and_o principal_o this_o seem_a scarcity_n of_o money_n proceed_v from_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_a which_o obstruct_v circulation_n advance_v usury_n and_o render_v it_o so_o easy_a that_o most_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v make_v up_o a_o sum_n of_o 50_o l._n or_o a_o 100_o l._n send_v it_o into_o the_o goldsmith_n which_o do_v and_o will_v occasion_v while_o it_o last_v that_o fatal_a press_a necessity_n for_o money_n so_o visible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o to_o prince_n and_o people_n from_o what_o have_v be_v last_o say_v it_o appear_v the_o matter_n in_o england_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n which_o as_o sir_n henry_n blunt_n a_o honourable_a member_n of_o his_o majesty_n council_n of_o trade_n well_o say_v before_o the_o lord_n at_o the_o debate_n be_v the_o unum_n magnum_n towards_o the_o prosperity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o generative_a good_a and_o will_v bring_v many_o other_o good_a thing_n with_o it_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o request_n to_o the_o reader_n 1._o that_o he_o will_v read_v and_o consider_v what_o he_o read_v with_o a_o entire_a love_n to_o his_o country_n void_a of_o private_a interest_n and_o former_a ill_a ground_a impression_n receive_v into_o his_o mind_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o this_o principle_n 2._o that_o he_o will_v read_v all_o mind_v the_o matter_n not_o the_o stile_n before_o he_o make_v a_o judgement_n 3._o that_o in_o all_o his_o meditation_n upon_o these_o principle_n he_o will_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v always_o parallel_n that_o frequent_o they_o run_v counter_a one_o to_o the_o other_o although_o most_o man_n by_o their_o education_n and_o business_n have_v fix_v their_o eye_n and_o aim_v whole_o upon_o the_o former_a do_v usual_o confound_v these_o two_o in_o their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n of_o trade_n or_o else_o mistake_v the_o former_a for_o the_o latter_a from_o which_o false_a measure_n have_v proceed_v many_o vulgar_a error_n in_o trade_n some_o whereof_o by_o reason_n of_o man_n frequent_a mistake_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v become_v almost_o proverbial_a and_o often_o hear_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n not_o only_o of_o the_o common_a people_n but_o of_o man_n that_o may_v know_v better_o if_o they_o will_v due_o consider_v the_o aforesaid_a distinction_n some_o of_o the_o say_v common_a proverbial_a error_n be_v viz._n 1._o vulgar_a error_n we_o have_v too_o many_o merchant_n already_o 2._o the_o stock_n of_o england_n be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n 3._o no_o man_n shall_v exercise_v two_o calling_n 4._o especial_o no_o shopkeeper_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o merchant_n 5._o luxury_n and_o some_o excess_n may_v be_v

pound_n portion_n with_o a_o daughter_n sixty_o year_n ago_o be_v not_o esteem_v a_o large_a proportion_n than_o two_o thousand_o pound_n be_v now_o and_o whether_o gentlewoman_n in_o those_o day_n will_v not_o esteem_v themselves_o well_o clothe_v in_o a_o serge_n gown_n which_o a_o chambermaid_n now_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v see_v in_o whether_o our_o citizen_n and_o middle_a sort_n of_o gentry_n now_o be_v not_o more_o rich_a in_o clothes_n plate_n jewel_n and_o household-good_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o whether_o our_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n now_o do_v not_o exceed_v by_o much_o in_o those_o thing_n the_o nobility_n of_o england_n sixty_o year_n past_a many_o of_o who_o then_o will_v not_o go_v to_o the_o price_n of_o a_o whole_a sattin-doublet_n the_o embroiderer_n be_v yet_o live_v who_o have_v assure_v i_o he_o have_v make_v many_o hundred_o of_o they_o for_o the_o nobility_n with_o canvas_n back_n which_o way_n ever_o we_o take_v our_o measure_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v evident_a that_o since_o our_o first_o abatement_n of_o interest_n the_o riches_n and_o splendour_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v increase_v to_o above_o four_o i_o may_v say_v above_o six_o time_o so_o much_o as_o it_o be_v we_o have_v now_o almost_o one_o hundred_o coach_n for_o one_o we_o have_v former_o we_o with_o case_n can_v pay_v a_o great_a tax_n now_o in_o one_o year_n than_o our_o forefather_n can_v in_o twenty_o our_o custom_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v i_o believe_v above_o the_o proportion_n aforesaid_a of_o six_o to_o one_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o advance_v of_o the_o rate_n of_o good_n as_o by_o increase_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n for_o though_o some_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v advance_v other_o of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n be_v considerable_o abate_v by_o the_o last_o book_n of_o rate_n i_o can_v myself_o remember_v since_o there_o be_v not_o in_o london_n use_v so_o many_o wharf_n or_o key_n for_o the_o land_n of_o merchant_n good_n by_o at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n as_o now_o there_o be_v and_o those_o that_o be_v then_o can_v scarce_o have_v employment_n for_o half_a what_o they_o can_v do_v and_o now_o notwithstanding_o one_o three_o more_o use_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n they_o be_v all_o too_o little_a in_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n to_o land_n the_o good_n at_o that_o come_v to_o london_n if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o country_n we_o shall_v find_v land_n as_o much_o improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n as_o trade_n etc._n etc._n in_o city_n that_o now_o yield_v twenty_o year_n purchase_v which_o then_o will_v not_o have_v sell_v for_o above_o eight_o or_o ten_o at_o most_o beside_o the_o rent_n of_o farm_n have_v be_v for_o these_o last_o thirty_o year_n much_o advance_v and_o although_o they_o have_v for_o these_o three_o or_o four_o last_o year_n fall_v that_o have_v no_o respect_n at_o 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proportion_n it_o be_v so_o no_o other_o question_n need_v to_o be_v resolve_v but_o this_o viz._n what_o interest_n do_v they_o pay_v for_o money_n near_o home_o we_o see_v it_o evident_o in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n where_o ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v pay_v for_o interest_n the_o people_n be_v poor_a and_o despicable_a their_o person_n ill_o clothe_v their_o house_n worse_o provide_v and_o money_n intolerable_o scarce_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n of_o all_o provision_n nor_o will_v their_o land_n yield_v above_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n purchase_v at_o most_o in_o france_n where_o money_n be_v at_o seven_o per_fw-mi cent_z their_o land_n will_v yield_v about_o eighteen_o year_n purchase_v and_o the_o gentry_n who_o may_v possess_v land_n live_v in_o good_a condition_n though_o the_o peasant_n be_v little_o better_o than_o slave_n because_o they_o can_v possess_v nothing_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o other_o in_o italy_n money_n will_v not_o yield_v above_o three_o per_fw-la cent_z to_o be_v let_v out_o upon_o real_a security_n there_o the_o people_n be_v rich_a full_a of_o trade_n well_o attire_v and_o their_o land_n will_v sell_v at_o thirty_o five_o to_o forty_o year_n purchase_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o or_o better_a with_o they_o in_o holland_n be_v too_o manifest_a in_o spain_n the_o usual_a interest_n be_v ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o there_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v the_o only_a trade_n in_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n be_v no_o where_n more_o scarce_o the_o people_n poor_a despicable_a and_o void_a of_o commerce_n other_o than_o such_o as_o english_a dutch_a italian_n jew_n and_o other_o foreigner_n bring_v to_o they_o who_o be_v to_o they_o in_o effect_n but_o as_o leech_n who_o suck_v their_o blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n from_o they_o i_o may_v urge_v many_o other_o inst●nces_n of_o this_o nature_n not_o only_o out_o of_o chri●●endom_n but_o from_o under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n east-india_n and_o america_n but_o every_o man_n by_o his_o eperience_n in_o foreign_a country_n may_v easy_a inform_v himself_o whether_o this_o rule_n do_v universal_o hold_v true_a or_o not_o for_o my_o own_o part_n to_o satisfy_v my_o own_o curiosity_n i_o have_v for_o some_o year_n as_o occasion_v offer_v diligent_o inquire_v of_o all_o my_o acquaintance_n that_o have_v knowledge_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o i_o can_v true_o say_v that_o i_o never_o find_v it_o to_o fail_v in_o any_o particular_a instance_n now_o if_o upon_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o defacto_fw-la this_o kingdom_n be_v rich_a at_o least_o fourfold_a i_o may_v say_v eight-fold_n than_o it_o be_v before_o any_o law_n for_o interest_n be_v make_v and_o that_o all_o country_n be_v at_o this_o day_n rich_a or_o poor_a in_o a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o what_o they_o pay_v and_o have_v usual_o pay_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v 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that_o the_o bring_v down_o of_o interest_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o six_o to_o four_o or_o three_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v necessary_o in_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n time_n double_v the_o capital_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o most_o material_a objection_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o against_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v object_n 1._o to_o abate_v interest_n will_v cause_v the_o dutch_a and_o other_o people_n that_o have_v money_n put_v out_o at_o interest_n in_o england_n by_o their_o friend_n and_o factor_n to_o call_v home_o their_o estate_n and_o consequent_o will_v occasion_v a_o great_a scarcity_n and_o want_n of_o money_n among_o we_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o interest_n be_v bring_v but_o to_o four_o per_fw-mi cent_z no_o dutchman_n will_v call_v in_o his_o money_n that_o be_v out_o upon_o good_a security_n

and_o i_o think_v my_o opposer_n be_v not_o clear_v sight_v if_o he_o can_v discern_v that_o the_o latter_a in_o a_o due_a and_o regulate_v proportion_n must_v be_v a_o consequent_a of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o gentleman_n find_v i_o at_o a_o loss_n as_o he_o say_v for_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o great_a trade_n at_o present_a will_v help_v i_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v i_o answer_v those_o latter_a word_n as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v be_v well_o put_v in_o for_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v tell_v i_o no_o news_n nor_o give_v any_o shadow_n of_o reason_n that_o i_o know_v not_o before_o and_o have_v mature_o consider_v on_o many_o year_n before_o i_o write_v the_o first_o treatise_n the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o our_o present_a greatness_n of_o trade_n be_v first_o our_o cast_v off_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n second_o the_o statute_n in_o henry_n the_o 7_o th_n time_n prohibit_v noble_a man_n retainer_n and_o make_v their_o land_n liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o debt_n three_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-india_n trade_n pag._n 19_o 20._o to_o his_o first_o and_o second_o reason_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o our_o cast_v off_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v long_o precede_v our_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o trade_n which_o begin_v not_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n and_o afterward_o increase_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n james_n and_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o we_o abate_v our_o interest_n and_o not_o otherwise_o there_o be_v a_o person_n yet_o live_v and_o but_o 77_o year_n of_o age_n viz._n captain_n russel_n of_o wapping_n who_o assure_v i_o he_o can_v remember_v since_o we_o have_v not_o above_o three_o merchant_n ship_n of_o 300_o tun_n and_o upward_o belong_v to_o england_n second_o that_o in_o italy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o statute_n for_o abridgement_n of_o noble_a man_n retainer_n nor_o cast_v off_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n there_o be_v notwithstanding_o a_o very_a great_a trade_n and_o land_n at_o from_o 35_o to_o 40_o year_n purchase_v which_o sufficient_o show_v that_o a_o low_a interest_n be_v absolute_o and_o principal_o necessary_a and_o that_o the_o other_o particular_n alone_o will_v not_o do_v to_o the_o procure_n of_o those_o end_n although_o a_o low_a interest_n single_o do_v it_o in_o italy_n to_o his_o three_o reason_n i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o man_n yet_o live_v who_o do_v remember_v a_o great_a trade_n to_o east-india_n and_o a_o far_o great_a stock_n employ_v therein_o than_o we_o have_v now_o and_o yet_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o thrive_a upon_o it_o that_o we_o lose_v by_o it_o and_o can_v never_o see_v our_o principal_a money_n again_o nor_o ever_o do_v we_o great_o prosper_v upon_o it_o till_o our_o interest_n be_v much_o abate_v by_o law_n nor_o ever_o shall_v mate_v the_o dutch_a in_o it_o till_o our_o interest_n be_v as_o low_a as_o they_o the_o like_a in_o a_o great_a measure_n be_v true_a in_o our_o west-india_n trade_n we_o never_o get_v considerable_a by_o they_o till_o our_o last_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n pag._n 21_o 22._o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o if_o we_o will_v have_v trade_n to_o flourish_v and_o land_n high_a we_o must_v imitate_v the_o hollander_n in_o their_o practice_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o trade_n i_o know_v be_v most_o certain_a so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o government_n of_o our_o own_o country_n and_o the_o first_o and_o ready_a thing_n wherein_o we_o can_v imitate_v they_o be_v to_o reduce_v our_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o a_o low_a rate_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o father_n and_o they_o do_v it_o before_o we_o which_o will_v natural_o lead_v we_o to_o all_o the_o other_o advantage_n in_o trade_n which_o they_o now_o use_v 1._o for_o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z who_o will_v not_o that_o can_v leave_v his_o child_n any_o competent_a estate_n of_o 1000_o or_o 2000_o l._n each_o bring_v they_o up_o to_o write_v arithmetic_n and_o merchant_n account_n and_o instruct_v they_o in_o trade_n well_o know_v that_o the_o bare_a use_n of_o their_o money_n or_o the_o product_n of_o it_o in_o land_n will_v scarce_o keep_v they_o 2._o must_v not_o all_o person_n live_v low_a in_o expense_n when_o all_o trade_n will_v be_v less_o gainful_a to_o individual_n though_o more_o profitable_a to_o the_o public_a 3._o will_v it_o not_o put_v we_o upon_o building_n as_o bulky_a and_o cheap_a sail_a ship_n as_o they_o 4._o will_v it_o not_o bring_v trade_n to_o be_v so_o familiar_a among_o we_o that_o our_o gentleman_n who_o be_v in_o our_o great_a council_n will_v come_v to_o understand_v it_o and_o according_o contrive_v law_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o 5._o will_v not_o nay_o have_v it_o not_o already_o bring_v we_o to_o lower_v our_o custom_n upon_o our_o own_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n 6._o will_v it_o not_o in_o time_n bring_v we_o to_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n be_v not_o necessity_n the_o mother_n of_o invention_n and_o that_o old_a proverb_n true_a facile_fw-la est_fw-la inventis_fw-la addere_fw-la there_o be_v in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n nothing_o conducible_a to_o the_o good_a of_o trade_n that_o we_o shall_v not_o by_o one_o accident_n or_o other_o hit_v upon_o when_o we_o have_v attain_v this_o fundamental_a point_n and_o be_v thereby_o necessitate_v to_o follow_v and_o keep_v to_o our_o trade_n from_o generation_n to_o generation_n 7._o do_v we_o not_o see_v that_o even_o as_o the_o world_n now_o go_v dies_fw-la diem_fw-la docet_fw-la scarce_o a_o session_n of_o parliament_n pass_v without_o make_v some_o good_a act_n for_o the_o better_n of_o trade_n and_o pare_v off_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o the_o law_n for_o which_o end_v this_o last_o session_n produce_v three_o that_o about_o the_o silk-throwsters_a that_o about_o transportation_n of_o hides_n etc._n etc._n that_o about_o writ_n of_o error_n 8._o will_v not_o the_o full_a understanding_n of_o trade_n acquire_v by_o experience_n and_o never_o want_v to_o any_o people_n that_o make_v it_o their_o constant_a business_n to_o follow_v trade_n as_o we_o must_v do_v when_o interest_n shall_v be_v at_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z quick_o bring_v we_o to_o find_v our_o advantage_n in_o permit_v all_o ●_z to_o cohabit_n trade_n and_o purchase_v land_n among_o ●s_n upon_o as_o easy_a term_n as_o the_o dutch_a do_v will_v not_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o law_n by_o augment_v the_o value_n of_o land_n bring_v we_o in_o time_n to_o regular_a and_o just_a enclosement_n of_o our_o forest_n commons_o and_o waste_v and_o make_v our_o small_a river_n navigable_a the_o high_a improvement_n that_o this_o land_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o have_v not_o these_o last_o 50_o year_n since_o the_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n produce_v more_o of_o these_o profitable_a work_n then_o 200_o year_n before_o will_v not_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o law_n discover_v to_o we_o the_o vanity_n and_o opposition_n to_o trade_n that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n yet_o in_o force_n such_o as_o these_o f●llowing_v viz._n one_a the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a as_o they_o be_v now_o use_v in_o many_o case_n more_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o honest_a dealer_n than_o the_o bankrupt_a himself_o by_o compel_a man_n often_o time_n to_o refund_v money_n receive_v of_o the_o bankrupt_a for_o ware_n justl●_n sell_v and_o deliver_v he_o long_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o seller_n to_o discover_v the_o buye●_n to_o be_v a_o brankrupt_a two_o such_o be_v our_o law_n limit_v the_o price_n of_o beer_n and_o ale_n to_o one_o penny_n per_fw-la quartfield_n which_o bar_v we_o from_o all_o improvement_n and_o imitation_n of_o foreign_a liquor_n make_v of_o corn_n common_o call_v mom_o spruce-beer_n rosteker-beer_n which_o may_v and_o be_v make_v in_o england_n and_o will_v occasion_v the_o profitable_a consumption_n of_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n of_o our_o grain_n and_o prove_v a_o great_a a●dition_n to_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n of_o excise_n expend_v abundance_n of_o coal_n in_o long_a boil_a of_o those_o commodity_n employ_v many_o hand_n in_o the_o manufacture_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o ship_n in_o transportation_n of_o they_o not_o only_o to_o all_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n but_o to_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n three_o our_o law_n against_o engross_a corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n there_o be_v no_o person_n more_o beneficial_a to_o trade_n in_o a_o nation_n than_o engrosser_n which_o will_v be_v a_o worthy_a employment_n for_o our_o present_a usurer_n and_o render_v they_o true_o useful_a to_o their_o country_n four_o such_o

of_o that_o great_a trade_n for_o ship_n employ_v for_o importation_n of_o timber_n mast_n board_n and_n pipes-stave_n into_o these_o three_o kingdom_n to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v subject_n and_o not_o by_o any_o stranger_n will_v in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n much_o increase_n the_o stock_n of_o england_n 5._o prevention_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o wool_n and_o encourage_a our_o woollen_a manufacture_n 6._o encourage_v and_o increase_v our_o fish_v trade_n which_o how_o that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v do_v be_v beforementioned_a 7._o to_o set_v up_o the_o linen_n rather_o than_o the_o woollen_a manufacture_n in_o ireland_n and_o give_v extraordinary_a encouragement_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o first_o undertaker_n 8._o to_o encourage_v those_o trade_n most_o that_o vent_v most_o of_o our_o manufacture_n or_o supply_v 〈◊〉_d with_o material_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v in_o england_n or_o else_o such_o as_o furnish_v we_o with_o commodity_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o other_o trade_n as_o the_o east-india-company_n do_v eminent_o 9_o if_o his_o majesty_n navy_n debt_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o pay_v and_o if_o for_o the_o future_a all_o his_o majesty_n payment_n be_v make_v with_o punctuality_n it_o will_v much_o increase_v the_o stock_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o trade_n such_o fatal_a stop_n be_v to_o the_o body_n politic_a like_o great_a obstruction_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o spleen_n to_o the_o body_n natural_a which_o not_o only_o procure_v ill_a habit_n but_o sometime_o desperate_a and_o acute_a disease_n as_o well_o as_o cronical_a 10._o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o our_o holly-day_n will_v increase_v the_o day_n of_o our_o work_v and_o work_v more_o will_v make_v we_o rich_a riches_n and_o stock_n be_v the_o same_o 11._o if_o our_o affair_n will_v permit_v that_o the_o full_a custom_n shall_v be_v pay_v back_o etc._n etc._n &_o not_o the_o half_a only_a for_o all_o foreign_a good_n bring_v hither_o and_o afterward_o export_v as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v the_o french_a king_n have_v very_o late_o do_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n it_o will_v wonderful_o increase_v our_o navigation_n and_o in_o consequence_n our_o people_n as_o well_o as_o our_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a trade_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n then_o particular_a free_a port_n and_o if_o only_o such_o foreign_a good_n as_o shall_v be_v load_v outward_o on_o english_a ship_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o indulgence_n it_o will_v be_v much_o the_o more_o effication_n as_o to_o our_o main_n concern_v viz._n the_o increase_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n 3_o d._n general_n rule_n to_o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o necessary_a and_o thereby_o to_o make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 1._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n will_v do_v much_o as_o before_o 2._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a a_o court-merchant_n will_v do_v much_o as_o before_o in_o that_o chapter_n 3._o take_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o trade_n whereof_o one_o be_v the_o great_a trouble_n and_o delay_n in_o receive_v back_o our_o impost_n at_o the_o customhouse_n and_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o fee_n to_o searcher_n waitor_n etc._n etc._n 4._o reduce_v interest_n of_o money_n to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n will_v make_v trade_n easy_a to_o the_o borrower_n and_o to_o make_v it_o necessary_a it_o be_v the_o onum_fw-la magnum_fw-la as_o before_o be_v say_v for_o while_o we_o that_o be_v merchant_n can_v so_o easy_o turn_v gentleman_n by_o buy_v land_n for_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n purchase_v let_v no_o man_n expect_v that_o if_o we_o thrive_v we_o will_v drudge_n all_o our_o day_n in_o trade_n or_o if_o we_o will_v to_o be_v sure_a our_o son_n will_v not_o 5._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o wool_n rise_v which_o be_v always_o aim_v at_o by_o our_o parliament_n nothing_o will_v conduce_v so_o much_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o to_o appoint_v sufficient_a regular_a convoy_n to_o merchant_n ship_n which_o sometime_o have_v be_v force_v to_o lie_v full_o load_v with_o drapery_n five_o or_o six_o month_n in_o the_o river_n for_o want_v of_o convoy_n with_o the_o interest_n of_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n eat_v upon_o they_o while_o likewise_o their_o cloth_n by_o long_o lie_v in_o the_o ship_n be_v much_o damnify_v and_o merchant_n can_v buy_v more_o of_o the_o clothier_n until_o their_o good_n be_v at_o their_o sell_a port_n which_o when_o there_o arrive_v merchant_n can_v value_v themselves_o upon_o they_o by_o exchange_n and_o begin_v a_o fresh_a investment_n in_o england_n 6._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a some_o abatement_n of_o that_o rigorous_a way_n of_o press_a seaman_n which_o sometime_o sweep_v away_o the_o officer_n as_o well_o as_o common_a man_n will_v much_o conduce_v it_o be_v a_o insuperable_a discouragement_n to_o merchant_n to_o have_v their_o ●hips_n sometime_o man_v and_o unmanned_v two_o or_o three_o time_n in_o a_o voyage_n before_o they_o can_v get_v they_o clear_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o holland_n 4_o the_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o be_v in_o a_o good_a condition_n of_o strength_n at_o home_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o military_a preparation_n for_o defence_n and_o offence_n upon_o just_a occasion_n give_v will_v render_v we_o wise_a and_o honourable_a in_o the_o esteem_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o consequent_o oblige_v they_o not_o only_o to_o admit_v we_o the_o freedom_n of_o trade_n with_o they_o but_o the_o better_a term_n for_o and_o countenance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n 2._o to_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o to_o trade_n with_o we_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v they_o at_o as_o cheap_a or_o cheap_a rate_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n can_v or_o do_v and_o this_o i_o affirm_v can_v never_o be_v do_v without_o subdue_a usury_n especial_o and_o do_v those_o other_o thing_n beforementioned_a that_o will_v conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o hand_n and_o stock_n for_o our_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o sell_v our_o neighbour_n cheap_a than_o other_o must_v be_v when_o it_o be_v principal_o a_o effect_n of_o many_o hand_n and_o much_o stock_n objection_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v how_o shall_v we_o profit_v by_o this_o rule_n of_o sell_v cheap_a to_o foreigner_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o way_n to_o riches_n viz._n to_o sell_v dear_a and_o buy_v cheap_a answ._n i_o answer_v in_o a_o strict_a sense_n it_o may_v be_v so_o for_o the_o private_a merchant_n but_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o be_o design_v how_o our_o public_a national_a trade_n may_v be_v so_o manage_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v in_o competition_n with_o we_o for_o the_o same_o may_v not_o wrest_v it_o from_o we_o but_o that_o we_o may_v continue_v and_o increase_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o they_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o to_o wage_v with_o we_o we_o may_v as_o the_o proverb_n say_v make_v our_o own_o market_n but_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v that_o all_o the_o world_n be_v strive_v to_o engross_v all_o the_o trade_n they_o can_v that_o other_o proverb_n be_v very_o true_a and_o applicable_a all_o covet_v all_o lose_v 3._o the_o well_o contrivement_n and_o management_n of_o foreign_a treaty_n may_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o at_o least_o to_o the_o convince_a of_o foreign_a prince_n wherein_o and_o how_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 4._o public_a justice_n and_o honesty_n will_v make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o that_o be_v that_o when_o any_o commodity_n pass_v under_o a_o public_a common_a seal_n which_o be_v in_o a_o kind_a the_o public_a faith_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o may_v be_v exact_a in_o length_n breadth_n and_o nature_n according_a to_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o their_o seal_n the_o like_a care_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o true_a pack_v of_o our_o herring_n and_o pilchard_n former_o mention_v 5._o if_o we_o will_v engage_v other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o we_o must_v receive_v from_o they_o the_o fruit_n and_o commodity_n of_o their_o country_n as_o well_o as_o send_v they_o we_o but_o it_o be_v our_o interest_n by_o example_n and_o other_o mean_n not_o distasteful_a above_o all_o kind_n of_o commodity_n to_o prevent_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a manufacture_n 6._o the_o venetian_n be_v a_o people_n that_o take_v from_o we_o very_o little_a of_o our_o manufacture_n have_v prohibit_v our_o

english_a cloth_n and_o from_o who_o territory_n we_o receive_v great_a quantity_n of_o currant_n purchase_v with_o our_o ready_a money_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o advantageous_a for_o england_n that_o that_o importation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o importation_n of_o wrought-glasse_n drinking-glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n from_o thence_o shall_v be_v discourage_v it_o be_v suppose_v we_o can_v now_o make_v they_o as_o well_o ourselves_o in_o england_n the_o trade_n for_o cannary-wine_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a trade_n to_o england_n because_o those_o island_n consume_v very_o little_a of_o our_o manufacture_n fish_n or_o other_o english_a commodity_n neither_o do_v they_o furnish_v we_o with_o any_o commodity_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v here_o or_o re-exported_n the_o wine_n we_o bring_v from_o thence_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n purchase_v with_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o to_o my_o apprehension_n something_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v to_o compel_v those_o islander_n to_o spend_v more_o of_o our_o english_a commodity_n and_o to_o sell_v their_o wine_n cheap_a which_o every_o year_n they_o advance_v in_o price_n or_o else_o to_o lessen_v the_o consumption_n of_o they_o in_o england_n i_o have_v in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o in_o my_o former_a confine_v myself_o to_o write_v only_o general_a head_n and_o principle_n that_o relate_v unto_o trade_n in_o general_n not_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a trade_n because_o the_o several_a trade_n to_o several_a country_n may_v require_v distinct_a and_o particular_a consideration_n respect_v the_o time_n place_n competitor_n with_o we_o and_o other_o circumstance_n to_o find_v out_o wherein_o our_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n lie_v and_o how_o to_o improve_v the_o former_a and_o prevent_v the_o latter_a but_o as_o this_o will_v be_v too_o great_a a_o work_n for_o one_o man_n so_o i_o fear_v it_o will_v make_v this_o too_o great_a a_o book_n to_o be_v well_o read_v and_o consider_v but_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n i_o have_v brief_o mention_v many_o particular_a trade_n that_o we_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v lose_v and_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o many_o trade_n that_o we_o yet_o retain_v and_o be_v increase_a and_o how_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o which_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o a_o clear_a discovery_n and_o inspection_n into_o particular_a trade_n unto_o which_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v heart_n to_o serve_v their_o country_n in_o this_o so_o necessary_a work_n at_o this_o time_n may_v add_v and_o further_o improve_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o ability_n to_o express_v their_o sentiment_n in_o a_o more_o intelligible_a and_o pausible_a style_n but_o when_o i_o and_o other_o have_v say_v all_o we_o can_v a_o low_a interest_n be_v as_o the_o soul_n to_o the_o body_n of_o trade_n it_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la to_o the_o prosperity_n and_o advancement_n to_o the_o land_n and_o trade_n of_o england_n chap._n x._o concern_v plantation_n the_o trade_n of_o our_o english_a plantation_n in_o america_n be_v now_o of_o as_o great_a bulk_n and_o employ_v as_o much_o ship_n as_o most_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v not_o unnecessary_a to_o discourse_n more_o at_o large_a concern_v the_o nature_n of_o ●lantations_n and_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a consequence_n of_o t●em_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o and_o other_o kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o some_o gentleman_n of_o no_o mean_a capacity_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v plantation_n abroad_o have_v very_o much_o prejudice_v this_o kingdom_n by_o drain_n we_o of_o our_o people_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o opinion_n they_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o spain_n which_o they_o say_v be_v almost_o ruin_v by_o the_o depopulation_n which_o the_o west-indies_n have_v occasion_v to_o the_o end_n therefore_o a_o more_o particular_a scrutiny_n may_v be_v make_v into_o this_o ma●ter_n i_o shall_v humble_o offer_v my_o opinion_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n and_o then_o give_v those_o reason_n of_o probability_n which_o present_o occur_v to_o my_o memory_n in_o confirmation_n of_o each_o proposition_n 1._o first_o i_o agree_v that_o land_n though_o excellent_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n 2._o that_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o depopulate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o impoverishment_n of_o it_o 3._o t●at_n most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_o to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sterility_n or_o fruitfulness_n of_o their_o land●_n 4._o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a measure_n abate_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n but_o propose_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n 5._o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o we_o ●ad_v immediate_o before_o the_o late_a plague_n many_o more_o people_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v before_o the_o inhabit_v of_o virginia_n new-england_n barbadoe_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o american_n plantation_n 6._o that_o all_o colony_n or_o plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v not_o confine_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o the_o mother-kingdom_n 7._o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o the_o proper_a mother-kingdom_n 8._o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 9_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n nor_o portugeez_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o that_o account_n not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o cause_n 10._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o newfoundland_n shall_v remain_v vnplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v with_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n 11._o that_o new-england_n be_v the_o most_o prejudicial_a plantation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n i._o that_o land_n though_o in_o their_o nature_n excellent_o good_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n this_o first_o proposition_n i_o suppose_v will_v ready_o be_v assent_v to_o by_o all_o judicious_a person_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v only_o allege_v matter_n of_o fact_n the_o land_n of_o palestine_n once_o the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o universe_n since_o it_o come_v under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n and_o consequent_o unpeople_v be_v now_o become_v the_o poor_a andaluzia_n and_o granada_n former_o wonderful_a rich_a and_o full_a of_o good_a town_n since_o dis-peopled_n by_o the_o spaniard_n by_o expultion_n of_o the_o moor_n many_o of_o their_o town_n and_o brave_a country_n house_n be_v fall_v into_o rubbish_n and_o their_o whole_a country_n into_o miserable_a poverty_n though_o their_o land_n natural_o be_v prodigious_o fertile_a a_o hundred_o other_o instance_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n ii_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o populate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v grant_v i_o suppose_v this_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v and_o of_o the_o mean_n viz._n good_a law_n whereby_o any_o kingdom_n may_v be_v populate_v and_o consequent_o enrich_v be_v in_o effect_n the_o substance_n and_o design_n of_o all_o my_o forego_n discourse_n to_o which_o for_o avoid_v repartition_n i_o must_v pray_v the_o reader_n be_v retrospection_n iii_o that_o most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_a to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n this_o three_o be_v a_o consequent_a of_o the_o two_o former_a proposition_n and_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o the_o seven_o unite_a province_n be_v certain_o the_o most_o populous_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o christendom_n and_o for_o their_o bigness_n undoubted_o the_o rich_a england_n for_o its_o bigness_n except_o our_o forest_n waste_v and_o commons_o which_o by_o our_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v bare_v from_o improvement_n i_o hope_v be_v yet_o a_o more_o populous_a country_n than_o france_n and_o consequent_o rich_a i_o say_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bigness_n ita●y_n in_o like_a proportion_n more_o populous_a than_o france_n and_o rich_a and_o france_n more_o populous_a and_o rich_a than_o spain_n etc._n etc._n iv_o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a

kingdom_n thereby_o than_o the_o dutch_a do_v by_o that_o and_o that_o in_o consequence_n thereof_o all_o plantation_n of_o other_o nation_n must_v in_o a_o few_o year_n sink_v to_o little_a or_o nothing_o x._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o new_a find_v land_n shall_v remain_v unplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v under_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v before_o discourse_v of_o plantation_n in_o general_a most_o of_o the_o english_a be_v in_o their_o nature_n much_o a_o like_a except_o this_o of_o newfoundland_n and_o that_o of_o new-england_n which_o i_o intend_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o advantage_n newfoundland_n have_v bring_v to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v only_o by_o the_o fishery_n there_o and_o of_o what_o vast_a concernment_n that_o be_v be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o gentleman_n and_o merchant_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o especial_o this_o trade_n be_v drive_v it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o undeniable_a poof_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o english_a employ_v 250._o sail_v of_o ship_n small_a and_o great_a in_o fish_v upon_o that_o coast_n and_o it_o be_v now_o too_o apparent_a that_o we_o do_v not_o so_o employ_v from_o all_o part_n above_o eighty_o sail_n of_o ship_n it_o be_v likewise_o general_o know_v and_o confess_v that_o when_o we_o employ_v so_o many_o ship_n in_o that_o trade_n the_o current_a price_n of_o our_o fish_n in_o that_o country_n be_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la seventeen_o rial_n which_o be_v eight_o shilling_n six_o penny_n per_fw-la qunital_a and_o that_o since_o as_o we_o have_v lessen_v in_o that_o trade_n the_o french_a have_v increase_v in_o it_o and_o that_o we_o have_v annual_o proceed_v to_o raise_v our_o fish_n from_o seventeen_o rial_n to_o twenty_o four_o rial_n or_o twelve_o shilling_n communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la as_o it_o now_o sell_v in_o the_o country_n this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o trade_n it_o be_v certain_o worth_a the_o enquiery_a one_a how_o we_o come_v to_o decay_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o a●_n lest_o to_o prevent_v our_o further_a diminution_n therein_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o trade_n i_o attribute_v first_o and_o principal_o to_o the_o grow_a liberty_n which_o be_v every_o year_n more_o and_o more_o use_v in_o romish_a country_n as_o well_o as_o other_o of_o eat_v flesh_n in_o lent_n and_o on_o fish-day_n 2._o to_o a_o late_a abuse_n creep_v into_o that_o trade_n which_o have_v much_o abate_v the_o expense_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n of_o that_o commodity_n of_o send_v over_o private_a boat-keeper_n which_o have_v much_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n 3._o to_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o french_a fishery_n of_o placentia_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o newfoundland_n 4._o to_o the_o several_a war_n we_o have_v have_v at_o sea_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n which_o have_v much_o empoverish_v the_o merchant_n of_o our_o western_a part_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o carry_v on_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o trade_n at_o bottumry_n viz._n money_n take_v upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 2._o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v our_o far_a diminution_n therein_o for_o this_o two_o contrary_a way_n have_v be_v propound_v 1._o to_o send_v a_o governor_n to_o reside_v there_o and_o to_o encourage_v people_n to_o inhabit_v there_o as_o well_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n against_o invasion_n as_o to_o manage_v the_o fishery_n there_o by_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o place_n this_o have_v often_o be_v propound_v by_o the_o planter_n and_o some_o merchant_n of_o london_n 2._o the_o second_o way_n propound_v and_o which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a be_v by_o the_o west-country_n merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v no_o governor_n nor_o inhabitant_n permit_v to_o reside_v at_o newfoundland_n nor_o any_o passenger_n or_o private_a boat-keeper_n suffer_v to_o fish_n at_o newfoundland_n this_o latter_a way_n propound_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o my_o proposition_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v i_o be_o persuade_v will_v revive_v the_o decay_a english-fishing-trade_n at_o newfoundland_n and_o be_v otherwise_o great_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o most_o of_o the_o provision_n the_o planter_n which_o be_v settle_v at_o newfoundland_n do_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n bread_n beef_n pork_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o irish-bengal_n cloth_n linen_n and_o woollen_a ireish-stocking_n as_o also_o net_n hook_n and_o line_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v supply_v with_o from_o new-england_n and_o ireland_n and_o with_o wine_n oil_n and_o linen_n by_o the_o s●lt_n ship_n from_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o consequence_n whereof_o the_o labour_n as_o well_o as_o the_o feed_v and_o clothe_v of_o so_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v to_o england_n 2._o the_o planter_n settle_v there_o be_v most_o loose_a vagrant_a people_n and_o without_o order_n and_o government_n do_v keep_v dissolute_a house_n which_o have_v debauch_a seaman_n and_o divert_v they_o from_o their_o laborious_a and_o industrious_a call_v whereas_o before_o there_o be_v settlement_n there_o the_o seaman_n have_v no_o other_o resort_n during_o the_o fish_n season_n be_v the_o time_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o that_o country_n but_o to_o their_o ship_n which_o afford_v they_o convenient_a food_n and_o repose_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o excess_n 3_o if_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o all_o trade_n nation_n principal_o to_o encourage_v navigation_n and_o to_o promote_v especial_o those_o trade_n which_o employ_v most_o ship_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o true_a nor_o more_o regard_v by_o the_o wise_a dutch_a then_o certain_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o discountenance_v and_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v increase_v it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n happen_v to_o we_o in_o relation_n to_o that_o country_n as_o it_o have_v to_o the_o fishery_n at_o new-england_n which_o many_o year_n since_o be_v manage_v by_o english_a ship_n from_o the_o western_a port_n but_o as_o plantation_n there_o increase_v fall_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a employment_n of_o people_n settle_v there_o and_o nothing_o of_o that_o trade_n leave_v the_o poor_a old_a englishman_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o carry_v now_o and_o then_o by_o courtesy_n or_o purchase_n a_o ship_n load_v of_o fish_n to_o bilvoa_n when_o their_o own_o n●w-english_a ship_n be_v better_a employ_v or_o not_o at_o leisure_n to_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o before_o there_o be_v boat-keeper_n or_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n fish_n be_v sell_v cheap_a than_o now_o it_o be_v by_o about_o 40_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o consequent_o more_o vent_v the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o the_o boat-keeper_n and_o planter_n be_v general_o at_o first_o able_a fisherman_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n can_v doubtless_o afford_v their_o fish_n cheap_a than_o the_o fish_n ship_n from_o old_a england_n so_o doubtless_o they_o do_v at_o first_o as_o well_o at_o new-england_n as_o at_o newfoundland_n until_o they_o have_v beat_v the_o english_a ship_n out_o of_o the_o trade_n after_o which_o be_v free_v from_o that_o competition_n they_o become_v lazy_a as_o to_o that_o laborious_a employment_n have_v mean_n otherwise_o to_o live_v and_o employ_v themselves_o and_o thereupon_o enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o fish_n to_o such_o a_o excess_n as_o in_o effect_n prove_v the_o give_v away_o of_o that_o trade_n to_o the_o french_a who_o by_o our_o aforesaid_a impolitic_a management_n of_o that_o trade_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v able_a to_o under-sell_a we_o at_o all_o market_n abroad_o and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o those_o that_o can_v sell_v cheap_a will_v have_v the_o trade_n 5._o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o island_n it_o be_v our_o interest_n as_o well_o for_o our_o preservation_n as_o our_o profit_n not_o only_o to_o have_v many_o seaman_n but_o to_o have_v they_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v within_o call_v in_o a_o time_n of_o danger_n now_o the_o fish_n ship_n go_v out_o in_o march_n and_o return_v home_o for_o england_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n yearly_o and_o there_o be_v employ_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o ship_n which_o may_v carry_v about_o ten_o thousand_o seaman_n fisherman_n and_o shore_n man_n as_o they_o usual_o call_v the_o