Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	abate_v	foreign_a	france_n	14	3	6.4476	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49842	Observations concerning money and coin and especially those of England	Layton, Henry, 1622-1705.	1697 (1697)	Wing L755B; Wing O94_CANCELLED; ESTC R43364	50,023	54

the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o nation_n and_o the_o frequent_a practice_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o upon_o this_o rule_n that_o the_o state_n can_v make_v as_o real_a change_n in_o the_o value_n and_o currency_n of_o money_n there_o will_v by_o the_o lightning_n of_o our_o present_a money_n be_v no_o confusion_n or_o injustice_n at_o all_o wrought_v in_o buy_v sell_v or_o any_o other_o other_o way_n of_o contract_n or_o bargain_n whatsoever_o he_o say_v again_o that_o by_o former_a alteration_n of_o money_n never_o be_v there_o a_o penny_n get_v which_o he_o never_o have_v a_o certain_a mean_n to_o know_v whence_o his_o sentence_n seem_v bold_a and_o ignorant_a and_o so_o we_o say_v who_o more_o bold_a than_o the_o blind_a and_o brave_a but_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v not_o only_o that_o they_o do_v not_o get_v by_o it_o but_o that_o they_o never_o avoid_v any_o great_a inconvenience_n by_o it_o but_o that_o they_o often_o do_v and_o that_o we_o now_o seek_v and_o endeavour_v to_o do_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o paragraph_n be_v but_o threat_v and_o prophecy_n without_o ground_n or_o proof_n next_o he_o deny_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o value_v of_o gold_n or_o silver_n in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n except_v in_o england_n only_o and_o there_o he_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v rise_v what_o be_v his_o reason_n for_o that_o why_o it_o be_v because_o our_o trade_n be_v lose_v witness_v the_o vast_a foreign_a trade_n drive_v in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n when_o he_o write_v extreme_o now_o abate_v by_o the_o ill_a management_n of_o our_o money_n his_o second_o reason_n why_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n be_v raise_v in_o england_n be_v our_o pride_n and_o luxury_n he_o shall_v have_v show_v how_o much_o and_o wherein_o the_o pride_n and_o luxury_n of_o england_n exceed_v that_o of_o france_n spain_n italy_n germany_n or_o that_o of_o his_o admire_a country_n of_o holland_n or_o else_o i_o can_v allow_v of_o this_o reason_n any_o more_o than_o of_o the_o former_a his_o three_o assertion_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o our_o expense_n abroad_o have_v be_v great_a and_o that_o have_v occasion_v a_o great_a transport_n and_o drain_n of_o our_o money_n but_o how_o or_o why_o that_o make_v silver_n dear_a in_o england_n than_o it_o be_v in_o other_o country_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v true_a it_o be_v we_o can_v afford_v to_o give_v so_o much_o of_o our_o money_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n as_o other_o people_n who_o money_n be_v light_a or_o courser_n can_v afford_v to_o do_v but_o let_v we_o lighten_v our_o money_n or_o set_v a_o great_a rate_n or_o value_v upon_o it_o then_o may_v it_o give_v more_o money_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o that_o save_v our_o author_n opinion_n will_v make_v it_o much_o more_o plentiful_a among_o we_o he_o say_v i_o return_v now_o to_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o we_o raise_v our_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n will_v rise_v with_o it_o true_a and_o than_o it_o will_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a justice_n i_o have_v say_v and_o do_v say_v of_o no_o injustice_n at_o all_o next_o he_o say_v the_o raise_n of_o guineas_n to_o 30_o s._n raise_v the_o price_n of_o all_o the_o good_n in_o england_n and_o i_o say_v of_o the_o land_n also_o and_o what_o harm_n be_v there_o in_o that_o why_o they_o buy_v and_o sell_v our_o good_n in_o holland_n to_o great_a profit_n by_o that_o mean_n i_o say_v it_o do_v not_o much_o concern_v we_o what_o profit_n the_o hollander_n make_v of_o they_o so_o as_o they_o buy_v they_o of_o we_o at_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a rate_n and_o we_o can_v help_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o high_a exchange_n or_o price_n for_o the_o return_n of_o money_n so_o long_o as_o we_o have_v great_a need_n of_o money_n there_o for_o the_o pay_n of_o our_o army_n and_o maintenance_n of_o our_o court_n in_o those_o country_n next_o he_o agree_v that_o guineas_n be_v worth_a 27_o s._n in_o holland_n and_o that_o whoso_o obtain_v they_o in_o england_n at_o 22_o s._n may_v by_o carry_v they_o into_o holland_n make_z 5_o s._n clear_a gain_n by_o they_o and_o each_o of_o they_o and_o he_o thank_v the_o parliament_n for_o give_v the_o hollander_n a_o opportunity_n so_o to_o do_v but_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v long_o enough_o before_o they_o have_v the_o public_a thanks_o of_o the_o nation_n for_o their_o so_o do_v second_o he_o say_v the_o exchange_n viz._n the_o price_n of_o return_v money_n from_o hence_o to_o holland_n be_v 20_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o say_v that_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o if_o we_o can_v help_v it_o but_o the_o great_a need_n we_o have_v of_o money_n in_o those_o part_n for_o the_o support_n of_o our_o court_n and_o army_n compel_v we_o to_o suffer_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n of_o it_o and_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o sustain_v by_o it_o and_o he_o shall_v do_v wonderful_a well_o if_o he_o will_v show_v we_o any_o way_n to_o help_v it_o but_o it_o seem_v his_o business_n be_v to_o find_v fault_n and_o raise_v complaint_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n endeavour_v only_o to_o obstruct_v such_o proposal_n as_o be_v study_v and_o intend_v for_o the_o remedy_n of_o they_o next_o he_o say_v guineas_n can_v be_v coin_v at_o amsterdam_n as_o well_o as_o london_n true_a but_o will_v they_o coin_v gold_n which_o go_v at_o 27_o s._n there_o and_o send_v it_o over_o to_o england_n to_o go_v for_o 26_o s._n there_o if_o they_o do_v so_o their_o discretion_n will_v be_v admirable_a but_o they_o be_v no_o such_o fool_n but_o he_o sometime_o admire_v they_o and_o sometime_o impose_v upon_o they_o as_o his_o occasion_n may_v require_v pag_n 4._o he_o speak_v of_o allow_v two_o sort_n of_o money_n the_o one_o light_n and_o the_o other_o heavy_a i_o agree_v that_o will_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a second_o he_o be_v again_o at_o his_o old_a principle_n that_o the_o state_n have_v no_o real_a power_n to_o raise_v or_o depress_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n always_o by_o i_o deny_v and_o often_o refute_v still_o he_o insist_o it_o be_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n that_o give_v the_o value_n not_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n he_o add_v observe_v that_o i_o say_v that_o have_v be_v often_o enough_o observe_v to_o be_v a_o false_a and_o fallacious_a principle_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o constant_a practice_n of_o our_o kingdom_n the_o forego_v paragraph_n grow_v from_o cast_v my_o eye_n upon_o page_n 2._o instead_o of_o page_n 4._o pag._n 4._o he_o confess_v that_o some_o swede_n and_o dane_n do_v contract_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o our_o milled_a money_n seven_o or_o eight_o year_n ago_o and_o that_o prove_v they_o find_v a_o benefit_n in_o the_o weightiness_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o light_a why_o even_o because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v occasion_n give_v man_n to_o say_v that_o english_a man_n be_v like_o french_a man_n and_o give_v to_o change_v next_o he_o put_v a_o case_n upon_o a_o point_n of_o foreign_a trade_n and_o deal_v wherein_o i_o grant_v our_o state_n authority_n can_v prevail_v for_o that_o authority_n can_v only_o reach_v to_o their_o own_o subject_n so_o his_o case_n be_v grant_v there_o be_v non_fw-fr sequitur_fw-la in_o it_o next_o he_o say_v man_n pretend_v that_o by_o lightning_n our_o money_n it_o will_v keep_v it_o in_o the_o nation_n second_o that_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v rise_v in_o other_o place_n of_o europe_n three_o bullion_n be_v now_o near_o 6_o s._n a_o ounce_n these_o pretence_n he_o say_v be_v the_o chief_a argument_n for_o lightning_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o if_o one_o can_v sound_o confute_v they_o the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n of_o our_o money_n will_v be_v quite_o remove_v and_o take_v away_o true_a they_o will_v be_v so_o well_o then_o say_v he_o i_o will_v answer_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o in_o a_o few_o word_n viz._n by_o say_v that_o all_o those_o pretence_n and_o assertion_n be_v absolute_o false_a he_o say_v bullion_n never_o be_v worth_n more_o of_o our_o good_a and_o unclipt_a money_n than_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n per_fw-la ounce_n i_o say_v that_o he_o have_v confess_v the_o voice_n of_o common_a fame_n oppose_v he_o in_o this_o point_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v somewhat_o particular_a and_o wherein_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o his_o positive_a assertion_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o proof_n i_o can_v but_o take_v leave_n to_o suspend_v my_o belief_n of_o it_o well_o say_v his_o poor_a spokesman_n rogers_n if_o lightning_n our_o money_n will_v not_o be_v a_o great_a mean_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o the_o kingdom_n what_o other_o course_n can_v

jewel_n which_o penda_n reject_v and_o anno_fw-la 655._o oswy_a overthrow_v and_o kill_v penda_n in_o battle_n holinshead_n fol._n 113._o say_v that_o about_o anno_fw-la 650._o osunus_n brother_n of_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n obtain_v peace_n of_o cadwallo_n by_o great_a gift_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n fol._n 119._o say_v egbert_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o oswy_a king_n of_o northumberland_n send_v wighart_n a_o priest_n of_o good_a reputation_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o anno_fw-la 666._o with_o great_a gift_n and_o rich_a vessel_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n desire_v that_o wighart_n may_v be_v ordain_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n speed_z fol._n 227._o the_o kentish-man_n in_o anno_fw-la 690._o buy_v their_o peace_n of_o ina_n the_o west_n saxon_a king_n for_o 30000_o mark_n of_o silver_n this_o ina_n in_o anno_fw-la 727._o new-built_a and_o garnish_v the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o especial_o the_o chapel_n with_o gold_n silver_n and_o rich_a ornament_n as_o altar_n chalice_n censer_n candlestick_n basin_n for_o holy_a water_n bucket_n image_n and_o all_o for_o the_o altar_n so_o as_o the_o gold_n therein_o bestow_v amount_v to_o 333_o pound_n weight_n of_o that_o mettle_n and_o the_o silver_n to_o 2835_o pound_n weight_n beside_o precious_a gem_n embroach_v upon_o the_o celebrate_v vestment_n fol._n 313._o so_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n anno_fw-la 775._o give_v pope_n adrian_n rich_a gift_n to_o make_v alban_n a_o saint_n build_v he_o a_o abbey_n anno_fw-la 795._o with_o revenue_n to_o maintain_v 100_o monk_n holinshed_a fol._n 132._o he_o cause_v his_o saint_n bone_n to_o be_v put_v in_o a_o rich_a shrine_n adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o rich_a stone_n both_o these_o king_n go_v to_o rome_n and_o give_v the_o pope_n peter_n pence_n of_o their_o several_a kingdom_n which_o baker_n fol._n 6._o call_v the_o king_n alm_n enjoin_v every_o one_o of_o those_o king_n subject_n who_o have_v in_o their_o house_n the_o value_n of_o 20_o penny_n in_o one_o sort_n of_o good_n to_o pay_v a_o penny_n to_o the_o pope_n there_o lie_v before_o i_o a_o paper_n of_o collection_n concern_v specimen_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o england_n in_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o our_o present_a period_n viz._n till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n hen_n 3._o but_o i_o forbear_v for_o brevity-sake_n to_o insert_v they_o here_o but_o will_v proceed_v to_o examine_v and_o collect_v the_o value_n and_o weight_n of_o rich_a mettle_n and_o the_o money_n of_o those_o time_n the_o king_n may_v acquire_v some_o riches_n and_o money_n but_o the_o people_n pay_v their_o tax_n and_o fine_n for_o their_o offence_n in_o cattle_n or_o corn_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v more_o dispatch_n and_o less_o dispute_n in_o such_o case_n a_o book_n of_o rate_n be_v establish_v among_o they_o as_o by_o the_o annal_n of_o dr._n brady_n fol._n 64._o they_o know_v the_o name_n of_o skill_a and_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o one_o sort_n of_o two_o thrimsa_n as_o another_o of_o three_o and_o this_o their_o book_n of_o rate_n ordain_v that_o a_o steer_v of_o twelve_o month_n old_a shall_v be_v a_o valuable_a payment_n or_o satisfaction_n for_o a_o lesser_a skilling_n of_o 2_o thrimsa_n and_o a_o stter_n of_o 16_o month_n old_a for_o a_o great_a skill_a of_o 3_o thrimsa_n and_o so_o a_o cow_n and_o her_o calf_n for_o two_o such_o skilling_n and_o a_o half_a two_o plough-oxen_n for_o five_o skillings_n one_o good_a ox_n for_o three_o skilling_n a_o steer_v of_o four_o year_n old_a at_o 2_o s._n a_o sound_a horse_n for_o 6_o s._n a_o mare_n of_o coition_n 3_o s_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v some_o evidence_n that_o the_o saxon_a money_n at_o their_o first_o conquest_n be_v count_v a_o pound_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n in_o weight_n to_o every_o pound_n of_o their_o money_n so_o count_v in_o the_o expense_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o that_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o three_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o our_o last_o money_n of_o the_o heavy_a and_o that_o the_o silver_n of_o that_o time_n be_v seven_o time_n the_o value_n of_o that_o mettle_n in_o our_o time_n whence_o three_o time_n seven_o be_v twenty_o one_o it_o seem_v their_o money_n or_o skilling_n be_v at_o least_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o time_n our_o present_a money_n and_o let_v we_o examine_v our_o quote_v price_n by_o this_o rule_n viz._n a_o steer_v of_o a_o year_n old_a at_o a_o skilling_n of_o our_o twenty_o or_o twenty_o one_o one_o sixteen_o month_n old_a at_o a_o like_a rate_n of_o the_o great_a skillings_n a_o cow_n and_o her_o calf_n for_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n come_v to_o 2_o l._n 13_o s._n at_o increase_v of_o 21._o two_o plow-oxen_n 5_o s._n make_v 5_o l._n 5_o s._n at_o our_o proportion_n a_o good_a one_o 3_o s._n make_v 3_o l._n 3_o s._n a_o sound_n work_n horse_v at_o 6_o s._n make_v 6_o l._n 6_o s._n a_o mare_n at_o 3_o s._n make_v 3_o l._n 3_o s._n these_o rate_n show_v that_o i_o be_o rather_o short_a of_o the_o value_n of_o those_o time_n than_o beyond_o it_o and_o for_o corn_n their_o book_n of_o rate_n set_v 30_o schessils_n of_o rye_n 40_o of_o barley_n and_o 60_o of_o oat_n each_o at_o a_o like_a rate_n viz._n each_o to_o pass_v at_o the_o value_n of_o a_o skilling_n of_o 3_o thrimsa_n if_o we_o take_v these_o schessils_n for_n peck_v here_o will_v be_v 30_o peck_v of_o rye_n for_o 21_o s._n and_o barley_n at_o little_a more_o than_o 6_o d._n a-peck_n and_o oat_n at_o a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o groat_n a-peck_n whence_o the_o proportion_n of_o 1_o to_o 21._o seem_v rather_o too_o little_a than_o too_o much_o i_o can_v go_v on_o and_o show_v that_o in_o succeed_a time_n to_o that_o of_o king_n alfred_n who_o reign_v from_o anno_fw-la 872._o to_o 901_o the_o plenty_n of_o silver_n increase_v and_o its_o value_n and_o esteem_n fall_v from_o 7_o time_n our_o value_n to_o 5_o time_n our_o value_n their_o weight_n hold_v still_o the_o same_o to_o be_v 3_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o we_o but_o the_o value_n be_v then_o but_o 5_o time_n more_o than_o we_o whence_o value_v of_o alfred_n time_n be_v to_o we_o but_o as_o 15_o to_o 1_o so_o as_o a_o juror_n 40_o s._n a_o year_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o 30_o l._n ayear_n now_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n go_v on_o decrease_v as_o the_o metal_n grow_v more_o plentiful_a and_o king_n athelstan_n grandchild_n to_o alfred_n who_o reign_v till_o 940._o make_v a_o law_n that_o if_o any_o one_o above_o the_o age_n of_o 12_o year_n steal_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 12_o d._n he_o shall_v be_v attach_v for_o felony_n this_o 12_o d._n be_v the_o value_n of_o 15_o s._n in_o alfred_n time_n not_o so_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n but_o of_o about_o 14_o s._n and_o yet_o still_o it_o stand_v in_o terminis_fw-la as_o a_o snare_n to_o juror_n who_o will_v not_o hang_v a_o small_a thief_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o appear_v clear_o that_o the_o steal_a good_n be_v worth_a 5_o s._n or_o more_o they_o do_v ordinary_o say_v upon_o their_o oath_n that_o they_o be_v worth_a but_o 10_o d._n or_o 12_o d._n which_o stand_v need_n of_o a_o redress_n by_o restore_v the_o old_a value_n as_o other_o thing_n also_o do_v evidence_n may_v be_v collect_v of_o silver_n decrease_v in_o value_n till_o the_o end_n of_o our_o present_a period_n and_o by_o what_o degree_n but_o for_o brevity_n we_o be_v content_v at_o present_a to_o say_v it_o do_v so_o the_o pound_n of_o silver_n in_o money_n still_o continue_v the_o same_o viz._n every_o pound_n in_o money_n weigh_v a_o full_a pound_n troy_n or_o 12_o ounce_n in_o weight_n and_o every_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o be_v reign_n value_v at_o 20_o d._n we_o have_v take_v his_o reign_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o last_o period_n during_o which_o we_o may_v hope_v to_o find_v more_o certain_a assistance_n from_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n than_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a period_n in_o our_o way_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o when_o the_o saxon_n come_v first_o into_o england_n and_o prevail_v over_o the_o roman_a province_n there_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n settle_v themselves_o in_o spain_n the_o lombard_n in_o italy_n the_o allemans_n in_o germany_n the_o frank_n in_o france_n and_o that_o all_o those_o nation_n be_v nortman_n and_o have_v one_o fountain_n or_o original_a who_o bring_v out_o of_o their_o common_a country_n much_o the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a custom_n one_o of_o they_o to_o the_o other_o also_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o usage_n about_o their_o money_n a_o pound_n troy_n of_o silver_n be_v count_v and_o call_v a_o pound_n of_o their_o money_n among_o