so_o trade_v for_o on_o borrow_a money_n be_v but_o the_o ouâ—â—ballance_n of_o our_o exportation_n to_o our_o importation_n the_o kingdom_n get_v by_o this_o borrow_v so_o much_o as_o whatsoever_o the_o merchant_n gain_n be_v above_o his_o use._n but_o if_o we_o borrow_v only_o for_o our_o own_o expense_n we_o grow_v double_o poor_a by_o pay_v money_n for_o the_o commodity_n we_o consume_v and_o use_v for_o that_o money_n though_o the_o merchant_n get_v all_o this_o while_n by_o make_v return_v great_a than_o his_o use._n and_o therefore_o borrow_v of_o foreigner_n in_o itself_o make_v not_o the_o kingdom_n rich_a or_o poor_a for_o it_o may_v do_v either_o but_o spend_v more_o than_o our_o fruit_n or_o manufacture_n will_v pay_v for_o bring_v in_o poverty_n and_o poverty_n borrow_v for_o money_n as_o necessary_a to_o trade_n may_v be_v double_o consider_v first_o as_o in_o his_o hand_n that_o pay_v the_o labourer_n and_o land-holder_n for_o here_o its_o motion_n terminate_v and_o through_o who_o hand_n soever_o it_o pass_v between_o these_o he_o be_v but_o a_o broker_n and_o if_o this_o man_n want_v money_n as_o for_o example_n the_o clothier_n the_o manufacture_n be_v not_o make_v and_o so_o the_o trade_n stop_v and_o be_v lose_v or_o second_o money_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o consumer_n under_o which_o name_n i_o here_o reckon_v the_o merchant_n who_o buy_v the_o commodity_n when_o make_v to_o export_v and_o if_o he_o want_v money_n the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n when_o make_v be_v lessen_v and_o so_o the_o kingdom_n lose_v in_o the_o price_n if_o therefore_o use_v he_o lessenedâ—_n and_o you_o can_v tie_v foreigner_n to_o your_o term_n than_o the_o ill_a effect_n fall_v only_o upon_o your_o own_o landholders_n and_o artisan_n if_o foreigner_n can_v be_v force_v by_o your_o law_n to_o lend_v you_o money_n only_o at_o your_o own_o rate_n or_o not_o lend_v at_o all_o be_v it_o not_o more_o likely_a they_o will_v rather_o take_v it_o home_o and_o think_v it_o safe_o in_o their_o own_o country_n at_o four_o per_fw-la câ—nt_fw-la than_o abroad_o nor_o can_v their_o overplus_n of_o money_n bring_v they_o to_o lend_v to_o you_o on_o your_o term_n for_o when_o your_o merchant_n want_v of_o money_n shall_v have_v sink_v the_o price_n of_o your_o market_n a_o dutchman_n will_v find_v it_o more_o gain_n to_o buy_v your_o commodity_n himself_o than_o lend_v his_o money_n at_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o a_o english_a merchant_n to_o trade_n with_o nor_o will_v the_o act_n of_o navigation_n hinder_v their_o come_n by_o make_v they_o come_v empty_a since_o even_o al-already_a there_o be_v those_o who_o think_v that_o many_o who_o go_v for_o english_a merchant_n be_v but_o dutch_a factor_n and_o trade_n for_o other_o in_o their_o own_o name_n the_o kingdom_n therefore_o will_v lose_v by_o it_o if_o it_o make_v foreigner_n withdraw_v any_o of_o their_o money_n as_o well_o as_o if_o it_o hinder_v any_o of_o your_o 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money_n for_o gold_n grow_v not_o that_o i_o know_v in_o our_o country_n and_o silver_n so_o little_a that_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o silver_n we_o have_v now_o in_o england_n be_v not_o draw_v out_o of_o any_o mine_n in_o this_o island_n if_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o moneyed_a man_n in_o holland_n who_o put_v out_o his_o money_n at_o interest_n here_o do_v not_o send_v it_o over_o in_o pullion_n or_o specie_fw-la hither_o that_o may_v be_v true_a or_o false_a but_o either_o way_n help_v not_o that_o author_n purpose_n for_o if_o he_o pay_v his_o money_n to_o a_o merchant_n his_o neighbour_n and_o take_v his_o pill_n for_o it_o here_o in_o england_n he_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o if_o he_o have_v send_v over_o that_o money_n since_o he_o do_v but_o make_v that_o merchant_n 〈◊〉_d in_o england_n the_o money_n which_o â—e_n have_v due_a to_o he_o there_o and_o otherwise_o will_v carry_v away_o 〈◊〉_d say_v our_o author_n 〈…〉_z i_o must_v not_o be_v pay_v and_o export_v in_o ready_a money_n so_o say_v our_o law_n indeed_o but_o that_o be_v a_o law_n to_o hedge_v in_o the_o cookoe_n and_o serve_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o if_o we_o export_v not_o good_n for_o which_o our_o merchant_n have_v money_n due_a to_o they_o in_o holland_n how_o can_v it_o be_v pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o for_o goods_n 100_o l._n worth_n of_o good_n can_v no_o where_o pay_n 200_o l._n in_o money_n this_o be_v that_o which_o i_o find_v many_o man_n deceive_v themselves_o with_o in_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o make_v it_o a_o little_a plain_o let_v we_o suppose_v england_n people_v as_o it_o be_v now_o and_o its_o woollen_a manufacture_n in_o the_o same_o state_n and_o perfection_n that_o it_o be_v at_o present_a and_o that_o we_o have_v no_o money_n at_o all_o trade_n with_o this_o our_o woollen_a manufacture_n for_o the_o value_n of_o 200000_o l._n yearly_a to_o spain_n where_o there_o actual_o be_v a_o million_o in_o money_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o we_o bring_v back_o from_o spain_n yearly_a in_o oil_n wine_n and_o fruit_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o l._n and_o continue_v to_o do_v this_o ten_o year_n together_o it_o be_v plain_a we_o have_v have_v for_o our_o two_o million_o value_n in_o woollen_a manufacture_n carry_v thither_o one_o million_o return_v in_o wine_n oil_n and_o fruit_n but_o what_o be_v become_v of_o â—_o other_o million_o will_v the_o merchant_n be_v content_a to_o lose_v it_o that_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a they_o will_v not_o nor_o have_v trade_v on_o if_o they_o have_v not_o every_o year_n return_v make_v answer_v their_o exportation_n how_o then_o be_v the_o return_v make_v in_o money_n it_o be_v evident_a for_o the_o spaniard_n have_v in_o such_o a_o trade_n no_o debt_n nor_o the_o possibility_n of_o any_o debt_n in_o england_n can_v pay_v one_o farthing_n of_o that_o other_o million_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o have_v no_o commodity_n that_o we_o will_v take_v off_o above_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la they_o can_v pay_v we_o in_o commodity_n from_o whence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la wherein_o we_o overbalance_n they_o in_o trade_n must_v be_v pay_v we_o in_o money_n and_o so_o at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n their_o million_o of_o money_n though_o their_o law_n make_v it_o death_n to_o export_v it_o will_v be_v all_o bring_v into_o englâ—nd_n as_o in_o truth_n by_o this_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o money_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o england_n out_o of_o spain_n let_v we_o suppose_v ourselves_o now_o possess_v of_o this_o million_o of_o money_n and_o export_v yearly_a out_o of_o england_n to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o worldâ—_n consumable_a commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o million_o but_o import_v yearly_o in_o commodity_n which_o we_o consume_v among_o we_o to_o the_o value_n of_o 1100000_o l._n if_o such_o a_o tâ—â—de_n as_o this_o be_v manage_v among_o we_o and_o continue_v ten_o yâ—â—â—s_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o million_o of_o money_n will_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o year_n be_v inevitable_o all_o go_v from_o we_o to_o they_o by_o the_o same_o way_n that_o it_o come_v to_o we_o that_o be_v by_o their_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n for_o we_o import_v every_o year_n 100000_o l._n worth_n of_o commodity_n more_o than_o we_o export_v and_o there_o be_v no_o foreigner_n that_o will_v give_v we_o 100000_o l._n every_o year_n for_o nothing_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a that_o 100000_o l._n of_o our_o money_n must_v go_v out_o every_o year_n to_o pay_v for_o that_o overplus_n which_o our_o commodity_n do_v not_o pay_v for_o and_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a
to_o say_v that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v pay_v our_o debt_n abroad_o that_o can_v be_v till_o scrip_n of_o paper_n can_v be_v make_v current_n coin_n the_o english_a merchant_n who_o have_v no_o money_n owe_v he_o abroad_o can_v expect_v to_o have_v his_o bill_n pay_v there_o or_o if_o he_o have_v credit_n enough_o with_o a_o correspondent_a to_o have_v his_o bill_n answer_v this_o pay_v none_o of_o the_o debt_n of_o england_n but_o only_o change_v the_o creditor_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o general_a balance_n of_o trade_n english_a merchant_n owe_v to_o foreigner_n 100000_o l._n or_o 1000000_o if_o commodity_n do_v not_o our_o money_n must_v go_v out_o to_o pay_v or_o else_o our_o credit_n be_v lose_v and_o our_o trade_n stop_v and_o be_v lose_v too_o a_o kingdom_n grow_v rich_a or_o poor_a just_a as_o a_o farmer_n do_v and_o no_o otherwise_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o whole_a isle_n of_o portland_n one_o farm_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n beside_o what_o serve_v his_o family_n carry_v to_o market_n to_o weymouth_n and_o dorchester_n etc._n etc._n cattle_n corn_n butter_n cheese_n wool_n or_o cloth_n lead_v and_o tin_n all_o commodity_n produce_v and_o wrought_v within_o his_o farm_n of_o portland_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 1000_o l._n yearly_o and_o for_o this_o bring_v home_o in_o salt_n wine_n oil_n spice_n linen_n and_o silk_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 900_o l._n and_o the_o remain_a 100_o l._n in_o money_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o grow_v every_o year_n 100_o l._n rich_a and_o so_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o year_n will_v have_v clear_o get_v 1000_o l._n if_o the_o owner_n be_v a_o better_a husband_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o his_o native_a commodity_n buy_v less_o wine_n spice_n and_o silk_n at_o market_n and_o so_o bring_v home_o 500_o l._n in_o money_n yearly_a instead_o of_o 100_o l._n at_o the_o end_n of_o ten_o year_n he_o will_v have_v 5000_o l._n by_o he_o and_o be_v so_o much_o rich_a he_o die_v and_o his_o son_n succeed_v a_o fashionable_a young_a gentleman_n that_o can_v dine_v without_o champaign_n and_o burgundy_n nor_o sleep_v but_o in_o a_o damask_n bed_n who_o wife_n must_v spread_v a_o long_a train_n of_o brocard_n and_o his_o child_n be_v always_o in_o the_o new_a french_a cut_n and_o stuff_n he_o be_v come_v to_o the_o estate_n keep_v on_o a_o very_a busy_a family_n the_o market_n be_v weekly_o frequent_v and_o the_o commodity_n of_o his_o farm_n carry_v out_o and_o sell_v as_o former_o but_o the_o return_v be_v make_v something_o different_a the_o fashionable_a way_n of_o eat_v drink_v and_o clothe_v 〈◊〉_d his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n require_v more_o sugar_n and_o spice_n wine_n and_o fruit_n silk_n and_o ribbon_n than_o in_o his_o father_n time_n so_o that_o instead_o of_o 900_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o now_o bring_v home_n of_o consumable_a commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 1100_o l._n yearly_a what_o come_v of_o this_o he_o live_v in_o splendour_n it_o be_v true_a but_o this_o avoidable_a carry_v away_o the_o money_n his_o father_n get_v and_o he_o be_v every_o year_n 100_o l._n poor_a to_o his_o expense_n beyond_o his_o income_n add_v debauchery_n idleness_n and_o quarrel_n among_o his_o servant_n whereby_o his_o manufacture_n be_v disturb_v and_o his_o business_n neglect_v and_o a_o general_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n through_o his_o whole_a family_n and_o farm_n this_o will_v tumble_v he_o down_o the_o hill_n the_o fall_a and_o the_o stock_n the_o industry_n frugality_n and_o good_a order_n of_o his_o father_n have_v lay_v upâ—_n will_v be_v quick_o bring_v to_o a_o end_n and_o he_o fast_o in_o prison_n a_o farm_n and_o a_o kingdom_n in_o this_o respect_n diâ—â—er_v no_o more_o than_o as_o great_a and_o less_o we_o may_v trade_n and_o be_v busy_a and_o grow_v poor_a by_o it_o unless_o we_o regulate_v our_o expense_n if_o to_o this_o we_o be_v idle_a negligent_a dishone_a malicious_a and_o disturb_v the_o sober_a and_o industrious_a in_o their_o business_n let_v it_o be_v upon_o what_o pretence_n it_o will_v we_o shall_v ruin_n the_o fast_o so_o that_o whatever_o this_o author_n or_o any_o one_o else_o may_v say_v money_n be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o nothing_o but_o spend_v here_o less_o of_o foreign_a commodity_n than_o what_o we_o carry_v to_o market_n can_v pay_v for_o nor_o can_v debt_n we_o owe_v to_o foreigner_n be_v pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n till_o our_o commodity_n export_v and_o sell_v beyond_o sea_n have_v produce_v money_n or_o debt_n due_a there_o to_o some_o of_o our_o merchant_n for_o nothing_o will_v pay_v debt_n but_o money_n or_o money_n worth_n which_o three_o or_o four_o line_n write_v in_o paper_n can_v be_v for_o if_o they_o have_v a_o intrinsic_a value_n and_o can_v serve_v instead_o of_o money_n why_o do_v we_o not_o send_v they_o to_o market_n instead_o of_o our_o cloth_n lead_v and_o tin_n and_o at_o a_o easy_a rate_n purchase_v the_o commodity_n we_o want_v all_o that_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n can_v do_v be_v to_o direct_v to_o who_o money_n due_a or_o take_v up_o upon_o credit_n in_o a_o foreign_a country_n shall_v be_v pay_v and_o if_o we_o trace_v it_o what_o be_v due_a already_o we_o shall_v find_v become_v so_o for_o commodity_n or_o money_n carry_v from_o hence_o and_o if_o it_o be_v take_v up_o upon_o credit_n it_o must_v â—et_v the_o debt_n be_v shift_v from_o one_o creditor_n to_o another_o as_o often_o as_o you_o will_v at_o last_o be_v pay_v by_o money_n or_o good_n carry_v from_o hence_o or_o else_o the_o merchant_n here_o must_v turn_v bankrupt_a we_o have_v see_v how_o riches_n and_o money_n be_v get_v keep_v or_o lose_v in_o any_o country_n and_o that_o be_v by_o consume_a less_o of_o foreign_a commodity_n than_o what_o by_o commodity_n or_o labour_n be_v pay_v for_o this_o be_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n but_o where_o great_a army_n and_o alliance_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v abroad_o by_o supply_n send_v out_o of_o any_o country_n there_o often_o by_o a_o short_a and_o more_o sensible_a way_n the_o treasure_n be_v diminish_v but_o this_o since_o the_o holy_a war_n or_o at_o least_o since_o the_o improvement_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n seldom_o happen_v to_o england_n who_o prince_n have_v find_v the_o enlarge_n their_o power_n by_o sea_n and_o the_o secure_v our_o navigation_n and_o trade_n more_o the_o interest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n than_o war_n or_o conquest_n on_o the_o continent_n expense_n in_o arm_n beyond_o sea_n have_v have_v little_a influence_n on_o our_o riches_n or_o poverty_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v how_o money_n be_v necessary_a to_o trade_n the_o necessity_n of_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o money_n to_o trade_n i_o conceive_v lie_v in_o this_o that_o money_n in_o its_o circulation_n drive_v the_o several_a wheel_n of_o trade_n whilst_o it_o keep_v in_o that_o channel_n for_o some_o of_o it_o will_v unavoidable_o be_v drein_v into_o stand_v pool_n be_v all_o share_v between_o the_o land-holder_n who_o land_n aâ—â—ords_v the_o material_n the_o labourer_n who_o work_v they_o the_o broker_n i._n e._n merchant_n and_o shop_n keeper_n who_o distribute_v they_o to_o those_o that_o want_v they_o and_o the_o consumer_n who_o spend_v they_o now_o money_n be_v necessary_a to_o all_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n as_o serve_v both_o for_o counter_n and_o for_o pledge_n and_o so_o carry_v with_o it_o even_o reckon_a and_o security_n that_o he_o that_o receive_v it_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o value_n for_o it_o again_o of_o other_o thing_n that_o he_o want_v whenever_o he_o please_v the_o one_o of_o these_o it_o do_v by_o its_o stamp_n and_o denomination_n the_o other_o by_o its_o intrinsic_a value_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o its_o durableness_n scarcity_n and_o not_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v counterfeit_v which_o intrinsic_a value_n though_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a but_o be_v only_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n consent_v to_o it_o yet_o be_v universal_a have_v general_o but_o not_o always_o for_o we_o see_v that_o in_o a_o siege_n or_o man_n of_o war_n silver_n may_v not_o be_v of_o equal_a value_n to_o gunpowder_n and_o in_o a_o famine_n gold_n not_o be_v worth_a its_o weight_n in_o bran_n the_o same_o effect_n as_o if_o it_o be_v natural_a the_o necessity_n therefore_o of_o a_o proportion_n of_o money_n to_o trade_n depend_v on_o money_n not_o as_o counter_n for_o the_o reckon_a may_v be_v keep_v or_o transfer_v by_o write_v but_o on_o money_n as_o a_o pledge_n for_o since_o the_o bill_n bond_n or_o other_o note_n of_o debt_n i_o receive_v from_o one_o man_n will_v not_o be_v accept_v as_o security_n by_o another_o he_o not_o know_v that_o the_o bill_n or_o bond_n be_v true_a or_o
usual_o dear_a those_o year_n they_o be_v worst_a but_o if_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o species_n of_o commodity_n who_o defect_n may_v be_v supply_v by_o some_o other_o the_o make_n of_o it_o worse_o do_v lessen_v its_o price_n because_o it_o hinder_v its_o vent_n for_o if_o rye_n shall_v any_o year_n prove_v general_o smutty_a or_o grow_v no_o question_n it_o will_v yield_v less_o money_n than_o otherwise_o because_o the_o deficiency_n of_o that_o may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n make_v up_o by_o wheat_n and_o other_o grain_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o commodity_n who_o use_n no_o other_o know_v thing_n can_v supply_v it_o be_v not_o its_o be_v better_a or_o worse_o but_o its_o quantity_n and_o vent_n be_v that_o alone_a which_o regulate_v and_o determine_v its_o value_n to_o apply_v this_o now_o to_o money_n as_o capable_a of_o different_a rate_n of_o interest_n consider_v money_n in_o its_o proper_a use_n as_o a_o commodity_n pass_v in_o exchange_n from_o one_o to_o another_o all_o that_o be_v do_v by_o interest_n be_v but_o add_v to_o money_n by_o agreement_n or_o public_a authority_n which_o natural_o it_o have_v not_o viz._n a_o faculty_n of_o increase_v every_o year_n six_o per_fw-la cent_z now_o if_o public_a authority_n sink_v use_v to_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n it_o be_v certain_a it_o diminish_v this_o good_a quality_n in_o money_n 1_o â—_o but_o yet_o this_o make_v the_o money_n of_o england_n not_o one_o farthing_n more_o than_o it_o be_v it_o alter_v not_o the_o measure_n upon_o which_o all_o changeable_a commodity_n increase_v or_o sink_v their_o price_n and_o so_o make_v not_o money_n exchange_n for_o less_o of_o any_o commodity_n than_o it_o will_v without_o this_o alteration_n of_o its_o interest_n but_o rather_o if_o lessen_v use_v to_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n do_v at_o all_o alter_v the_o quantity_n of_o money_n and_o make_v it_o less_o it_o make_v money_n as_o it_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o commodity_n dear_a i._n e._n a_o less_o quantity_n of_o money_n will_v exchange_n for_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o another_o commodity_n than_o it_o will_v before_o this_o perhaps_o will_v appear_v a_o little_a plain_o by_o these_o follow_a particular_n 1._o that_o the_o intrinsic_a natural_a worth_n of_o any_o thing_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o the_o necessity_n or_o conveniency_n of_o human_a life_n and_o it_o be_v natural_o more_o worth_a as_o the_o necessity_n or_o conveniency_n it_o supply_v be_v great_a but_o yet_o 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o intrinsic_a natural_a settle_a value_n in_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o make_v any_o assign_a quantity_n of_o it_o constant_o worth_a any_o assign_a quantity_n of_o another_o 3._o the_o value_n of_o any_o assign_a quantity_n of_o two_o or_o more_o commodity_n be_v pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la equal_a when_o they_o will_v exchange_v one_o for_o another_o as_o suppose_v one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n two_o bushel_n of_o barley_n 30_o l._n of_o lead_n and_o one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n will_v now_o in_o the_o market_n be_v take_v one_o for_o another_o they_o be_v then_o of_o equal_a worth_n and_o our_o coin_n be_v that_o which_o englishman_n reckon_v by_o a_o englishman_n will_v say_v that_o now_o one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n two_o bushel_n of_o barley_n 30_o l._n of_o lead_n one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v equal_o worth_a five_o shilling_n 4._o the_o alter_n of_o this_o value_n two_o thing_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o or_o any_o one_o stand_v common_a measure_n be_v not_o the_o alter_n of_o any_o intrinsic_a value_n or_o quality_n in_o the_o commodity_n for_o musty_a and_o smutty_a corn_n will_v sell_v dear_a at_o one_o time_n than_o the_o clean_a and_o sweet_a at_o another_o but_o the_o alteration_n of_o some_o proportion_n the_o commodity_n bear_v to_o something_o else_o 5._o this_o proportion_n in_o all_o commodity_n whereof_o money_n be_v one_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o their_o quantity_n to_o the_o vent_n which_o vent_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o pass_n of_o commodity_n from_o one_o owner_n to_o another_o in_o exchange_n and_o be_v then_o call_v quick_a when_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o any_o species_n of_o commodity_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n 6._o this_o vent_n be_v regulate_v i._n e._n make_v quick_a or_o slow_a as_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o any_o saleable_a commodity_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o course_n of_o trade_n separate_v from_o public_a commerce_n and_o no_o long_o lie_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o exchange_n for_o though_o any_o commodity_n shall_v shift_v hand_n never_o so_o fast_o and_o be_v exchange_v from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o yet_o if_o they_o be_v not_o thereby_o exempt_v from_o trade_n and_o sale_n and_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_a traffic_n this_o will_v not_o at_o all_o make_v or_o quicken_v their_o vent_n but_o this_o seldom_o or_o never_o happen_v make_v very_o little_a or_o no_o alteration_n and_o thus_o the_o vent_n be_v alter_v three_o way_n 1._o by_o consumption_n when_o the_o commodity_n in_o its_o use_n be_v destroy_v as_o meat_n drink_v and_o clothes_n etc._n etc._n all_o that_o be_v so_o consume_v be_v quite_o go_v out_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o exportation_n and_o all_o that_o be_v so_o carry_v away_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n and_o concern_v englishman_n no_o more_o in_o the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n among_o themselves_o than_o if_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o world_n 3._o buy_v and_o lay_v up_o for_o a_o man_n private_a use._n for_o what_o be_v by_o any_o of_o these_o way_n shut_v out_o of_o the_o market_n and_o no_o long_o movable_a by_o the_o hand_n of_o commerce_n make_v no_o long_o any_o part_n of_o merchantable_a ware_n and_o so_o in_o respect_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o commodity_n be_v not_o more_o considerable_a than_o if_o it_o be_v not_o in_o be_v all_o these_o three_o terminate_n at_o last_n in_o consumption_n of_o all_o commodity_n except_v only_a jewel_n and_o plate_n and_o some_o few_o other_o which_o wear_v out_o but_o insensible_o may_v proper_o enough_o pass_v under_o that_o name_n engross_a too_o have_v some_o influence_n on_o the_o present_a vent_n but_o this_o enclose_v some_o considerable_a part_n of_o any_o commodity_n for_o if_o the_o engross_a be_v of_o all_o the_o commodity_n and_o it_o be_v of_o general_a use_n the_o price_n be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o engrosser_n out_o of_o the_o free_a common_a of_o trade_n only_o for_o some_o time_n and_o afterward_o return_v again_o to_o sale_n make_v not_o usual_o so_o sensible_a and_o general_a a_o alteration_n in_o the_o vent_n as_o the_o other_o do_v but_o yet_o influence_n the_o price_n and_o the_o vent_v more_o according_a as_o it_o extend_v its_o self_n to_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o commodity_n and_o hoard_v it_o up_o long_o 7._o most_o other_a portable_a commodity_n except_v jewel_n plate_n etc._n etc._n decay_v quick_o in_o their_o use_n but_o money_n be_v less_o consume_v or_o increase_v i._n e._n by_o slow_a degree_n remove_v from_o or_o bring_v into_o the_o free_a commerce_n of_o any_o country_n than_o the_o great_a part_n of_o other_o merchandise_n and_o so_o the_o proportion_n between_o its_o quantity_n and_o vent_n alter_v slow_a than_o in_o most_o other_o commodity_n it_o be_v common_o look_v on_o as_o a_o stand_a measure_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o value_n of_o all_o thing_n especial_o be_v adapt_v to_o it_o by_o its_o weight_n and_o denomination_n in_o coinage_n 8._o money_n whilst_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v pass_v up_o and_o down_o the_o kingdom_n in_o trade_n be_v real_o a_o stand_a measure_n of_o the_o fall_n and_o rise_v value_n of_o other_o thing_n in_o reference_n to_o one_o another_o and_o the_o alteration_n of_o price_n be_v true_o in_o they_o only_o but_o if_o you_o increase_v or_o lessen_v the_o quantity_n of_o money_n current_n in_o traffic_n in_o any_o place_n than_o the_o alteration_n of_o value_n be_v in_o the_o money_n and_o if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n wheat_n keep_v its_o proportion_n of_o vent_n to_o quantity_n money_n to_o speak_v true_o alter_v its_o worth_n and_o wheat_n do_v not_o though_o it_o sell_v for_o a_o great_a or_o less_o price_n than_o it_o do_v before_o for_o money_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o stand_a measure_n of_o other_o commodity_n man_n consider_v and_o speak_v of_o it_o still_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o stand_a measure_n though_o when_o it_o have_v vary_v its_o quantity_n it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v not_o 9_o but_o the_o value_n or_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n among_o which_o money_n
dearness_n of_o food_n and_o labour_n in_o general_n in_o holland_n and_o the_o cheapness_n of_o it_o in_o england_n if_o n._n have_v 10000_o l._n in_o holland_n which_o the_o great_a advantage_n he_o can_v make_v of_o it_o in_o england_n either_o by_o use_n or_o purchase_n tempt_v he_o to_o transfer_v into_o england_n it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v give_v as_o much_o to_o a_o merchant_n in_o holland_n to_o pay_v he_o 10000_o l._n in_o england_n as_o the_o insurance_n of_o that_o time_n between_o holland_n and_o england_n be_v worth_a which_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o country_n where_o the_o exportation_n of_o bullion_n be_v prohibit_v he_o must_v pay_v the_o more_o because_o his_o venture_n if_o he_o carry_v it_o in_o specie_fw-la will_v be_v great_a and_o upon_o this_o ground_n perhaps_o the_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n out_o of_o england_n under_o penalty_n may_v be_v of_o some_o use_n by_o make_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n great_a upon_o those_o country_n who_o import_n upon_o we_o more_o than_o they_o export_v in_o commodity_n and_o so_o retain_v some_o part_n of_o the_o money_n which_o their_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n will_v carry_v away_o from_o we_o though_o after_o all_o if_o we_o be_v overballanced_a in_o trade_n it_o must_v go_v but_o since_o the_o holland_n merchant_n can_v receive_v n_o his_o 10000_o l._n in_o money_n in_o holland_n and_o pay_v he_o 10000_o l._n in_o england_n unless_o his_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n make_v englishman_n indebt_v to_o he_o 10000_o l._n in_o money_n which_o he_o be_v not_o like_a to_o take_v in_o commodity_n i_o think_v the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n be_v that_o which_o chief_o raise_v the_o exchange_n in_o any_o country_n and_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o any_o country_n do_v it_o only_o for_o so_o much_o of_o the_o money_n as_o be_v transfer_v either_o to_o be_v let_v out_o to_o use_v or_o to_o be_v spend_v there_o and_o though_o lend_v to_o foreigner_n upon_o use_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n between_o those_o country_n yet_o it_o do_v alter_v the_o exchange_n between_o those_o country_n for_o so_o much_o as_o be_v lend_v upon_o use_n by_o not_o call_v away_o the_o money_n that_o shall_v follow_v the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n but_o let_v it_o rest_v there_o as_o if_o it_o be_v account_v for_o all_o one_o as_o if_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v for_o so_o much_o alter_v but_o this_o be_v not_o much_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o generâ—â—_n traffic_n between_o two_o nation_n or_o at_o leaâ—â—_n vary_v slow_a the_o merchant_n too_o regulate_v the_o exchange_n and_o not_o the_o usurer_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v the_o present_a balance_n of_o trade_n on_o which_o the_o exchange_n immediâ—ately_o and_o chief_o depend_v unless_o some_o accident_n shall_v make_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n be_v remit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o will_v for_o the_o timeraise_n the_o exchange_n all_o one_o as_o a_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n and_o indeed_o when_o examine_v be_v general_o very_o little_a different_a from_o itâ—_n to_o be_v able_a to_o estimate_v the_o par_fw-fr with_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o exchange_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n iâ—_n how_o much_o silver_n be_v in_o the_o coin_n of_o thâ—_n two_o country_n by_o which_o you_o reckon_v and_o charge_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n sir_n if_o i_o have_v be_v lead_v a_o little_a too_o fâ—â—_n from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o in_o the_o consideratâ—â—on_n of_o money_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n hâ—_n puâ—â—â—_n that_o these_o particular_n will_v afford_v some_o ligâ—â—_n to_o our_o present_a subject_n to_o return_v to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n by_o which_o have_v be_v abovesaid_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o year_n purchase_v of_o land_n do_v not_o increase_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n and_o the_o abate_v that_o good_a quality_n in_o money_n of_o yield_v yearly_o six_o pâ—r_n cenâ—_n to_o four_o do_v not_o present_o so_o sink_v its_o value_n in_o respect_n of_o land_n that_o 1_o â—_o part_n more_o be_v require_v in_o exchange_n that_o be_v that_o fall_v of_o interest_n from_o six_o to_o four_o will_v not_o raise_v land_n from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o year_n purchase_n the_o raise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o land_n as_o of_o other_o thing_n depend_v much_o on_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n set_v to_o sale_n compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o money_n design_v for_o that_o traffic_n or_o which_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n upon_o the_o number_n of_o buyer_n and_o seller_n for_o where_o there_o be_v many_o seller_n and_o few_o purchaser_n though_o interest_n be_v lessen_v land_n will_v be_v cheap_a as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v at_o least_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o make_v a_o law_n to_o reduce_v interest_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n it_o will_v only_o by_o drive_v it_o more_o into_o the_o banker_n hand_n leave_v the_o country_n bare_a of_o money_n whereby_o if_o the_o price_n of_o land_n about_o london_n shall_v be_v accident_o raise_v that_o of_o remote_a country_n will_v thereby_o have_v few_o purchaser_n and_o at_o low_a rate_n this_o be_v so_o that_o the_o low_a rate_n of_o land_n depend_v much_o on_o the_o great_a number_n of_o seller_n in_o proportion_n to_o purchaser_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o be_v what_o make_v plenty_n of_o seller_n and_o to_o that_o the_o answer_n be_v obvious_a general_a ill_a husbandry_n and_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o debt_n if_o a_o neglect_n of_o government_n and_o religion_n ill_a example_n and_o deprave_a education_n have_v introduce_v debauchery_n and_o art_n or_o chance_n have_v make_v it_o fashionable_a for_o man_n to_o live_v beyond_o their_o estate_n debt_n will_v increase_v and_o multiply_v and_o draw_v with_o they_o a_o necessity_n on_o man_n first_o of_o encumber_v and_o then_o sell_v their_o estate_n this_o be_v general_o the_o cause_n why_o man_n part_v with_o their_o land_n and_o i_o think_v there_o be_v scarce_o one_o of_o a_o hundred_o that_o think_v of_o sell_v his_o patrimony_n till_o mortgage_n have_v pretty_a well_o eat_v into_o the_o freehold_a and_o the_o weight_n of_o grow_a debt_n force_v a_o man_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n when_o almost_o be_v there_o ever_o a_o clear_a and_o unincumbred_a estate_n set_v to_o sale_n it_o be_v seldom_o a_o thrive_a man_n turn_v his_o land_n into_o money_n to_o make_v the_o great_a advantage_n the_o example_n of_o it_o be_v so_o rare_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o of_o any_o consideration_n in_o the_o number_n of_o seller_n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n day_n when_o sobriety_n frugality_n and_o industry_n bring_v in_o daiâ—y_a increase_n to_o the_o grow_a wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n â—and_v keep_v up_o its_o price_n and_o sell_v for_o more_o year_n purchase_v than_o correspond_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n then_o busy_o imployâ—d_v in_o a_o thrive_a trade_n which_o make_v the_o natural_a interest_n much_o high_a than_o it_o be_v now_o as_o well_o as_o the_o parliament_n than_o set_v it_o high_o by_o law_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n what_o make_v scarcity_n of_o purchaser_n 1._o the_o same_o reason_n ill_a husbandry_n when_o the_o tradesman_n live_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o his_o income_n and_o the_o vanity_n of_o expense_n either_o drain_v the_o merchant_n coffer_n or_o keep_v they_o from_o overflow_a he_o seldom_o think_v of_o purchase_v buy_v of_o land_n be_v the_o result_n of_o a_o full_a and_o satiate_v gain_n and_o man_n in_o trade_n seldom_o think_v of_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n upon_o land_n till_o their_o profit_n have_v bring_v they_o in_o more_o than_o their_o trade_n can_v well_o employ_v and_o their_o idle_a bag_n cumbr_v their_o count_a house_n put_v they_o upon_o empty_v they_o on_o a_o purchase_n 2._o 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otherwise_o to_o employ_v their_o money_n accept_v his_o term_n and_o change_v their_o obligation_n into_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n whereas_o before_o they_o be_v at_o 5._o and_o so_o the_o great_a loan_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o the_o state_n it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o rate_n of_o interest_n be_v reduce_v low_a at_o that_o time_n but_o that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o law_n forbid_v to_o take_v high_a interest_n that_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n that_o i_o deny_v and_o require_v any_o one_o to_o show_v indeed_o upon_o good_a security_n one_o may_v late_o have_v borrow_v money_n in_o holland_n at_o 3_o and_o 3_o ½_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o law_n but_o the_o natural_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n whether_o last_o year_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v so_o still_o a_o man_n may_v not_o lawful_o lend_v his_o money_n for_o what_o interest_n he_o can_v get_v 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to_o lend_v to_o they_o but_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v when_o the_o public_a give_v 7_o 8_o or_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n that_o private_a man_n who_o security_n be_v certain_o no_o better_o shall_v have_v it_o for_o 4_o and_o can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n stranger_n than_o that_o the_o same_o man_n who_o look_v on_o and_o therefore_o allow_v high_a use_n as_o a_o encouragement_n to_o lend_v to_o the_o chequer_n shall_v think_v low_a use_n shall_v bring_v money_n into_o trade_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n some_o few_o year_n since_o pay_v but_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o money_n they_o owe_v if_o you_o propose_v they_o for_o a_o example_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o law_n try_v whether_o you_o can_v do_v so_o here_o and_o bring_v man_n to_o lend_v it_o to_o the_o public_a at_o that_o rate_n this_o will_v be_v a_o benefit_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o abate_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o public_a charge_n if_o you_o can_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o law_n in_o holland_n have_v bring_v the_o interest_n there_o so_o low_a but_o something_o else_o and_o that_o which_o will_v make_v the_o state_n or_o any_o body_n else_o pay_v dear_a now_o if_o either_o their_o credit_n be_v less_o or_o money_n there_o scarce_a a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o your_o decay_n of_o wealth_n be_v the_o fall_n of_o rentâ—_n and_o the_o raise_n of_o they_o will_v be_v worth_a the_o nation_n care_v for_o in_o that_o and_o not_o in_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n lie_v the_o true_a advantage_n of_o the_o land_a man_n and_o with_o he_o of_o the_o public_a it_o may_v be_v therefore_o not_o beside_o our_o present_a business_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o rent_n in_o england_n 1._o either_o the_o land_n be_v grow_v barrenner_n and_o so_o the_o product_n be_v less_o and_o consequent_o the_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v for_o that_o product_n be_v less_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o who_o land_n be_v wont_a to_o produce_v 100_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la if_o by_o long_a tillage_n and_o bad_a husbandry_n it_o will_v now_o produce_v but_o 50_o bushel_n the_o rent_n will_v be_v abate_v half_o but_o this_o can_v be_v suppose_v general_n 2._o or_o the_o rent_n of_o that_o land_n be_v lessen_v 1._o because_o the_o use_n of_o the_o commodity_n cease_v as_o the_o rent_n must_v fall_v in_o virginia_n be_v take_v of_o tobacco_n forbid_v in_o england_n 2._o or_o because_o something_o else_o supply_v the_o room_n of_o that_o product_n as_o the_o rate_n of_o copis-land_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o coal_n mine_n 3._o or_o because_o the_o market_n be_v supply_v with_o the_o same_o commodity_n cheap_a from_o another_o place_n as_o the_o breed_n country_n of_o england_n must_v needs_o fall_v their_o rent_n by_o the_o importation_n of_o irish_a cattle_n 4._o or_o because_o a_o tax_n lay_v on_o your_o native_a commodity_n make_v what_o the_o farmer_n sell_v cheap_a and_o labour_n and_o what_o he_o buy_v dear_a 3._o or_o the_o money_n in_o the_o country_n be_v less_o for_o the_o exigency_n and_o use_n of_o money_n not_o lessen_v with_o its_o quantity_n and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n to_o be_v employ_v and_o distribute_v still_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o its_o circulation_n so_o much_o as_o its_o quantity_n be_v lessen_v so_o much_o must_v the_o share_n of_o every_o one_o that_o have_v a_o right_a to_o this_o money_n be_v the_o less_o whether_o he_o be_v landholder_n for_o his_o good_n or_o labourer_n for_o his_o hire_n or_o merchant_n for_o his_o brokage_n though_o the_o land-holder_n usual_o find_v
keep_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o they_o which_o there_o lie_v dead_a for_o though_o gamester_n money_n shift_v master_n often_o than_o any_o and_o be_v tumble_v up_o and_o down_o with_o every_o cast_n of_o a_o die_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o public_a lie_v perfect_o still_o and_o no_o more_o of_o it_o come_v into_o trade_n than_o they_o spend_v in_o late_v or_o wear_v here_o too_o we_o may_v observe_v how_o much_o manufacture_n deserve_v to_o be_v encourage_v since_o that_o part_n of_o trade_n though_o the_o most_o considerable_a be_v drive_v with_o the_o least_o money_n especial_o if_o the_o workmanship_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o the_o material_n for_o to_o the_o trade_n that_o be_v drive_v by_o labour_n and_o handicraft_n man_n one_o two_o and_o fifty_o part_n of_o the_o yearly_a money_n pay_v they_o will_v be_v sufficient_a but_o to_o a_o trade_n of_o commodity_n of_o our_o bare_a native_a growth_n much_o great_a proportion_n of_o money_n be_v require_v perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v wonder_v why_o have_v give_v some_o estimate_n how_o wide_a i_o know_v not_o of_o the_o money_n necessary_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o landholder_n labourer_n and_o brâ—ker_n to_o carry_v on_o trade_n i_o have_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o consumer_n who_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v so_o few_o consumer_n who_o be_v not_o either_o labourer_n broker_n or_o landholders_n for_o those_o who_o immediate_o depend_v on_o the_o landholder_n as_o his_o child_n and_o servant_n come_v in_o under_o that_o title_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o rent_n of_o his_o land_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o make_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n in_o the_o account_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v see_v what_o injury_n the_o lower_a of_o interest_n be_v like_a to_o do_v we_o by_o hinder_v trade_n when_o it_o shall_v either_o make_v the_o foreigner_n call_v home_o his_o money_n or_o your_o own_o people_n backward_o to_o lend_v the_o reward_v not_o be_v judge_v proportionable_a to_o the_o risk_a there_o be_v another_o seem_a consequence_n of_o the_o reduce_n of_o money_n to_o a_o low_a price_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n have_v such_o a_o appearance_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o that_o i_o have_v know_v it_o impose_v upon_o very_o able_a man_n and_o i_o guess_n have_v no_o small_a influence_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o promote_a this_o alteration_n aâ—d_v that_o be_v that_o the_o lower_a of_o interest_n will_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n in_o proportion_n for_o money_n be_v the_o counterbalance_n to_o all_o other_o thing_n purchasable_a by_o it_o and_o lie_v at_o it_o be_v in_o the_o opposite_a scale_n of_o commerce_n it_o look_v like_o a_o natural_a consequence_n that_o as_o much_o as_o you_o take_v off_o from_o the_o value_n of_o money_n 〈◊〉_d much_o you_o add_v to_o the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v exchange_v for_o it_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o price_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o addition_n to_o its_o value_n in_o respect_n of_o money_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o lessen_v the_o value_n of_o money_n for_o example_n shall_v the_o value_n of_o gold_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o that_o of_o silver_n 100_o guineas_n will_v purchase_v little_a more_o corn_n wool_n or_o land_n than_o 100_o shilling_n and_o so_o the_o value_n of_o money_n be_v bring_v low_a say_v they_o the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n will_v rise_v and_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n from_o 6_o to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v take_v away_o so_o much_o of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n and_o so_o consequent_o the_o lessen_v its_o value_n the_o mistake_n of_o this_o plausible_a way_n of_o reason_v will_v be_v easy_o discover_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o any_o thing_n purchasable_a by_o it_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ready_a money_n we_o have_v in_o comparison_n with_o the_o quantity_n of_o that_o thing_n and_o its_o vent_n which_o vent_n depend_v upon_o its_o necessity_n or_o usefulness_n as_o convenience_n of_o life_n or_o opinion_n guide_v by_o fancy_n or_o fashion_n shall_v determine_v or_o which_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o price_n of_o any_o commodity_n rise_v or_o fall_v by_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o number_n of_o buyer_n and_o seller_n â—_z whereby_o the_o vent_n come_v to_o be_v increase_v or_o decrease_v as_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n we_o have_v be_v design_v to_o be_v lay_v out_o by_o several_a people_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rather_o in_o one_o thing_n than_o another_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o change_n of_o fashion_n this_o rule_n hold_v universal_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v bate_v now_o and_o then_o a_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n which_o never_o amount_v to_o so_o considerable_a a_o part_n of_o trade_n as_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o account_n worthy_a to_o be_v think_v a_o exception_n to_o this_o rule_n i_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o the_o necessary_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o the_o consumable_a commodity_n subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o and_o show_v that_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o depend_v only_o on_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o those_o thing_n and_o not_o on_o what_o interest_n shall_v be_v by_o necessity_n law_n or_o contract_n at_o that_o time_n lay_v on_o the_o borrow_n of_o money_n and_o then_o afterward_o i_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o same_o hold_v in_o land_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o confirm_v by_o daily_a experience_n than_o that_o man_n give_v any_o portion_n of_o money_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a rather_o than_o go_v without_o it_o and_o in_o such_o thing_n the_o scarcity_n of_o they_o alone_o make_v their_o price_n as_o for_o example_n let_v we_o suppose_v 1_o â—_o ounce_n of_o silver_n or_o half_o a_o crown_n now_o in_o england_n be_v worth_a a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n but_o shall_v there_o be_v next_o year_n a_o great_a scarcity_n of_o wheat_n in_o england_n and_o a_o proportionable_a want_n of_o all_o other_o food_n five_o ounce_n of_o siver_z will_v perhaps_o in_o exchange_n purchase_v but_o one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n so_o that_o money_n will_v be_v then_o 9_o 10_o less_o worth_a in_o respect_n oâ—_n food_n though_o at_o the_o same_o value_v it_o be_v before_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n that_o keep_v their_o former_a proportion_n in_o their_o quantity_n and_o consumption_n by_o the_o like_a proportion_n of_o increase_n and_o decrease_v do_v the_o value_n of_o thing_n more_o or_o less_o convenient_a rise_n and_o fall_v in_o respect_n of_o money_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o thing_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o life_n must_v be_v have_v at_o any_o rate_n but_o thing_n convenient_a will_v be_v have_v only_o as_o they_o stand_v in_o preference_n with_o other_o conveniency_n and_o therefore_o in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o commodity_n the_o value_n rise_v only_o as_o its_o quantity_n be_v less_o and_o vent_v great_a which_o depend_v upon_o its_o be_v prefer_v to_o other_o thing_n in_o its_o consumption_n for_o suppose_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o there_o be_v a_o gâ—â—at_a scarcity_n of_o whâ—â—t_n and_o other_o grain_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oâ—â—s_n man_n no_o question_n will_v give_v far_o more_o for_o wheat_n than_o oat_n as_o be_v the_o healthy_a pleasant_a and_o more_o convenient_a food_n but_o since_o oat_n will_v serve_v to_o supply_v that_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o sustain_a life_n man_n will_v not_o rob_v themselves_o of_o all_o other_o conveniency_n of_o life_n by_o pay_v all_o their_o money_n for_o wheat_n when_o oat_n that_o be_v cheap_a though_o with_o some_o inconvenience_n will_v supply_v that_o defect_n it_o may_v then_o so_o happen_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n that_o the_o year_n before_o will_v buy_v one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n will_v this_o year_n buy_v but_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o bushel_n half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n that_o the_o year_n before_o will_v have_v buy_v three_o bushel_n of_o oat_n will_v this_o year_n still_o buy_v one_o bushel_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n half_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n that_o will_v the_o year_n before_o have_v buy_v 15_o pound_n of_o lead_n will_v still_o buy_v the_o same_o quantity_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n silver_n in_o respect_n of_o wheat_n be_v 9_o 10_o less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o oat_n â…”_n less_o worth_a and_o in_o respect_n of_o lead_n as_o much_o worth_n as_o before_o the_o fall_n therefore_o or_o rise_v of_o interest_n make_v
quarter_n of_o england_n and_o into_o a_o great_a number_n of_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o exigence_n of_o trade_n if_o money_n be_v to_o be_v hire_v as_o land_n be_v or_o to_o be_v have_v as_o corn_n or_o wool_n from_o the_o owner_n himself_o and_o know_v good_a security_n be_v give_v for_o it_o it_o may_v then_o probable_o be_v have_v at_o the_o market_n which_o be_v the_o true_a rate_v and_o will_v be_v a_o constant_a gauge_v of_o your_o trade_n and_o wealth_n but_o when_o a_o kind_n of_o monopoly_n by_o consent_n have_v put_v this_o general_a commodity_n into_o a_o few_o hand_n it_o may_v need_v regulation_n though_o what_o the_o state_v rate_n of_o interest_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o constant_a change_n of_o affair_n and_o flux_n of_o money_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v possible_o it_o may_v be_v allow_v as_o a_o reasonable_a proposal_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v within_o such_o bound_n 〈…〉_z quite_o lâ—t_v up_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n profit_n and_o discourage_v their_o industry_n nor_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n so_o low_a as_o shall_v hinder_v man_n from_o risque_a their_o money_n in_o other_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o rather_o choose_v to_o keep_v it_o out_o of_o trade_n than_o venture_v it_o upon_o so_o small_a profit_n when_o it_o be_v too_o high_a it_o so_o hinder_v the_o merchant_n gain_n that_o he_o will_v not_o borrow_v when_o too_o low_a it_o so_o hinder_v the_o moneyed_a man_n profit_n that_o he_o will_v not_o lend_v and_o both_o these_o way_n it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o trade_n but_o this_o be_v perhaps_o too_o general_a and_o loose_a a_o rule_n let_v i_o add_v that_o if_o one_o will_v consider_v money_n and_o land_n alone_o in_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o perhaps_o it_o be_v now_o at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n in_o as_o good_a a_o proportion_n as_o be_v possible_a six_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o land_n at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n which_o be_v the_o rate_v pretty_a near_o that_o land_n have_v general_o carry_v in_o england_n it_o never_o be_v much_o over_o nor_o under_o for_o suppose_v 100_o l._n in_o money_n and_o land_n of_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v of_o equal_a value_n which_o be_v land_n at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o make_v their_o value_n true_o equal_a that_o they_o shall_v produce_v a_o equal_a income_n which_o the_o 100_o l._n at_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n interest_n be_v not_o likely_a to_o do_v 1._o because_o of_o the_o many_o and_o sometime_o long_a interval_n of_o barrenness_n which_o happen_v to_o money_n more_o than_o land_n money_n at_o use_n when_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o owner_n usual_o lie_v dead_a there_o till_o he_o get_v a_o new_a tenant_n for_o it_o and_o can_v put_v it_o out_o again_o and_o all_o this_o time_n it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o this_o happen_v not_o to_o land_n the_o grow_a product_n whereof_o turn_v to_o account_v to_o the_o owner_n even_o when_o it_o be_v in_o his_o hand_n or_o be_v allow_v for_o by_o the_o tenant_n antecedent_o to_o his_o enter_v upon_o the_o farm_n for_o though_o a_o man_n who_o borrow_v money_n at_o midsummer_n never_o begin_v to_o pay_v his_o interest_n from_o our_o lady-day_n or_o one_o moment_n backward_o yet_o he_o who_o rent_n a_o farm_n at_o midsummer_n may_v have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o begin_v his_o rent_n from_o our_o lady-day_n as_o if_o he_o have_v then_o enter_v upon_o it_o beside_o the_o dead_a interval_n of_o cease_v profit_n which_o happen_v to_o money_n more_o than_o land_n there_o be_v another_o reason_n why_o the_o profit_n and_o income_n of_o money_n let_v out_o shall_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o that_o of_o land_n and_o that_o be_v because_o money_n out_o at_o interestâ—â—â—s_n â—â—â—s_z a_o great_a risque_n than_o land_n do_v the_o â—oâ—â—ower_n may_v break_v and_o run_v away_o with_o the_o money_n and_o then_o not_o only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d due_a but_o all_o the_o future_a profit_n with_o the_o principal_a be_v lose_v forever_o but_o in_o land_n a_o man_n can_v lose_v but_o the_o rent_n due_a for_o which_o usual_o too_o the_o stock_n upon_o the_o land_n be_v sufficient_a security_n and_o if_o a_o tenant_n run_v away_o in_o arrear_n of_o some_o rent_n the_o land_n remain_v that_o can_v be_v carry_v away_o or_o lose_v shall_v a_o man_n purchase_v good_a land_n in_o middlesex_n of_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n and_o other_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n or_o elsewhere_o of_o the_o same_o yearly_a value_n but_o so_o situate_v that_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v swallow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v utter_o lose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unreasonable_a he_o shall_v expect_v to_o have_v it_o under_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n suppose_v 16_o ½_o this_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o just_a the_o case_n of_o land_n at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n and_o money_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n where_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o secure_v one_o money_n may_v well_o be_v allow_v that_o advantage_n of_o great_a profit_n and_o therefore_o perhaps_o the_o legal_a interest_n now_o in_o england_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v as_o reasonable_a and_o convenient_a a_o rate_n as_o can_v well_o be_v set_v by_o a_o stand_a rule_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o law_n require_v not_o a_o man_n to_o pay_v six_o per_fw-la cent_z but_o tie_v up_o the_o lender_n from_o take_v more_o so_o that_o if_o ever_o it_o fall_v of_o itself_o the_o moneyed_a man_n be_v sure_a to_o find_v it_o and_o his_o interest_n will_v be_v bring_v down_o to_o it_o high_a interest_n be_v think_v by_o some_o a_o prejudice_n to_o trade_n but_o if_o we_o will_v look_v back_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o england_n never_o thrive_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v there_o ever_o bring_v into_o england_n so_o great_a a_o increase_n of_o wealth_n since_o as_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n i._o and_o king_n charles_n i._o time_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o and_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o will_v not_o say_v high_a interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o for_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o our_o thrive_a trade_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o high_a interest_n every_o one_o crave_v money_n to_o employ_v in_o a_o profitable_a commerce_n but_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o it_o that_o lower_v of_o interest_n be_v not_o a_o sure_a way_n to_o improve_v either_o our_o trade_n or_o wealth_n to_o this_o i_o hear_v some_o say_v that_o the_o dutch_a skilful_a in_o all_o art_n of_o promote_a trade_n to_o out_o do_v we_o in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o advancement_n of_o it_o have_v observe_v this_o rule_n that_o when_o we_o fall_v interest_n in_o england_n from_o 10_o to_o 8._o they_o present_o sink_v interest_n in_o holland_n to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o again_o when_o we_o lower_v it_o to_o 6_o they_o fall_v it_o to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n thereby_o to_o keep_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n give_v to_o 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it_o to_o the_o value_n of_o 20._o for_o if_o 19_o ounce_n of_o silver_n can_v be_v worth_a 20_o ounce_n of_o silver_n or_o pay_v for_o as_o much_o of_o any_o other_o commodity_n than_o 18_o 1â—_n or_o â—_o ounce_n may_v do_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o abate_v 1_o 20_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n of_o any_o coin_n do_v not_o lessen_v its_o value_n the_o abate_v 1â—_n 20_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o silver_n of_o any_o coin_n will_v not_o abate_v its_o value_n and_o so_o a_o single_a threepence_n or_o a_o single_a penny_n be_v call_v a_o crown_n will_v buy_v as_o much_o spice_n or_o silk_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n as_o a_o crown-piece_n which_o contain_v 20_o or_o 60_o time_n as_o much_o silver_n which_o be_v a_o absurdity_n so_o great_a that_o i_o think_v no_o body_n will_v want_v eye_n to_o see_v and_o sense_n to_o disow_v now_o this_o raise_v your_o money_n or_o give_v a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n the_o stamp_n and_o denomination_n of_o a_o great_a may_v 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but_o 2_o â—_o of_o the_o weight_n that_o those_o species_n be_v coin_v at_o now_o or_o else_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n be_v alloy_v with_o â…“_n of_o copper_n 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z and_o shall_v thus_o by_o law_n be_v make_v current_n the_o rest_n of_o your_o silver_n money_n be_v keep_v to_o the_o present_a standard_n in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n it_o be_v plain_a those_o species_n will_v be_v raise_v â…“_n part_n that_o pass_v for_o 6_o d_o which_o have_v but_o the_o silver_n of_o 4_o d_o in_o it_o and_o will_v be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o a_o groat_n shall_v by_o law_n be_v make_v current_n for_o 6_o d_o and_o every_o 6_o d_o in_o payment_n pass_v for_o 9_o d._n this_o be_v true_o raise_v the_o species_n but_o be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n than_o if_o the_o mine_n shall_v coin_v clip_v money_n and_o have_v beside_o the_o cheat_n that_o be_v put_v by_o such_o base_a or_o light_a money_n on_o every_o particular_a man_n that_o receive_v it_o that_o he_o want_v â…“_n of_o that_o real_a value_n which_o the_o public_a aught_o to_o secure_v he_o in_o the_o money_n it_o oblige_v he_o to_o receive_v as_o lawful_a and_o current_a it_o hasâ—_n i_o say_v this_o great_a and_o unavoidable_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o public_a that_o beside_o the_o opportunity_n it_o give_v to_o domestic_a coinâ—â—â—_n to_o cheat_v you_o with_o lawful_a money_n it_o pâ—â—â—_n it_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o foreigner_n to_o 〈◊〉_d away_o your_o money_n without_o any_o commodity_n for_o itâ—_n for_o if_o they_o find_v that_o twopenny_n weight_n of_o silver_n mark_v with_o a_o certain_a impression_n shall_v â—â—re_v in_o eâ—gland_n be_v equivalent_a to_o 3_o d_o weight_n mark_v with_o another_o impression_n they_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o 〈◊〉_d piece_n of_o that_o fashion_n and_o so_o import_v that_o base_a and_o low_a coin_n will_n here_o in_o england_n receive_v 3_o d_o for_o 2_o d_o and_o quick_o carry_v away_o your_o silver_n in_o exchange_n for_o copper_n or_o bare_o the_o charge_n of_o 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damage_n bring_v upon_o his_o country_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o cry_v they_o down_o and_o sink_v they_o to_o near_a their_o intrinsic_a value_n whereby_o a_o great_a many_o particular_a man_n who_o have_v quantity_n of_o that_o species_n in_o their_o hand_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o every_o one_o that_o have_v any_o lose_v proportionable_o by_o it_o if_o we_o have_v groat_n or_o six-pence_n current_a by_o law_n among_o we_o that_o want_v â…“_n of_o the_o silver_n they_o now_o have_v by_o the_o standard_n to_o make_v they_o of_o equal_a value_n to_o our_o other_o species_n of_o money_n who_o can_v imagine_v that_o our_o neighbour_n will_v not_o present_o pour_v in_o quantity_n of_o such_o money_n upon_o we_o to_o the_o great_a loss_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o each_o piece_n or_o species_n of_o coin_n be_v that_o which_o make_v its_o real_a and_o intrinsic_a value_n the_o due_a proportion_n of_o silver_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o each_o species_n according_a to_o the_o respective_a rate_n set_v on_o each_o of_o they_o by_o law_n and_o when_o this_o be_v ever_o vary_v from_o it_o be_v but_o a_o trick_n to_o serve_v some_o present_a occasion_n but_o be_v always_o with_o loss_n to_o the_o country_n where_o the_o trick_n be_v play_v 2._o the_o other_o way_n of_o raise_v mâ—ny_n be_v by_o raise_v all_o your_o silver_n coin_n at_o once_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o crown_n a_o shilling_n and_o a_o penny_n in_o reference_n to_o one_o another_o be_v still_o keep_v viz._n that_o a_o shilling_n shall_v weigh_v 1_o â—_o of_o a_o crown_n piece_n and_o a_o penny_n weigh_v 1_o 12_o of_o a_o shilling_n in_o standard_n silver_n but_o out_o of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o you_o abate_v 1_o 20_o of_o the_o silver_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v in_o they_o if_o all_o the_o species_n of_o money_n be_v as_o it_o be_v call_v raise_v by_o make_v each_o of_o they_o to_o have_v 1_o 2d_o less_o of_o silver_n in_o they_o than_o former_o and_o so_o your_o whole_a money_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v these_o follow_v will_v be_v some_o of_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o 1._o it_o will_v rob_v all_o creditor_n and_o landlord_n of_o 1_o 20_o or_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o their_o debt_n in_o their_o 〈◊〉_d rent_n for_o ever_o and_o all_o other_o rent_n as_o far_o as_o their_o former_a contract_n reach_v of_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o their_o yearly_a income_n and_o this_o without_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o debtor_n or_o farmer_n for_o he_o receive_v no_o more_o pound_n sterling_a for_o his_o land_n or_o commodity_n in_o this_o new_o light_a coin_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v of_o your_o old_a and_o weighty_a money_n get_v nothing_o by_o it_o if_o you_o say_v yes_o he_o will_v receive_v more_o crown_n half-crown_n and_o shilling_n piece_n for_o what_o he_o now_o sell_v for_o new_a money_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v if_o the_o money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n have_v continue_v you_o confess_v your_o money_n be_v not_o raise_v in_o value_n but_o in_o denomination_n since_o what_o your_o new_a piece_n want_v in_o weight_n must_v now_o be_v make_v up_o in_o their_o number_n but_o which_o way_n ever_o this_o fall_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o public_a which_o most_o man_n think_v aught_o to_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o change_v a_o settle_a law_n and_o disturb_v the_o common_a current_a course_n of_o thing_n receive_v not_o the_o least_o profit_n by_o it_o nay_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v by_o and_o by_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a charge_n and_o loss_n to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o this_o at_o first_o
make_v the_o difference_n of_o value_n and_o therefore_o whoever_o want_v bullion_n will_v as_o cheap_o melt_v down_o these_o new_a crown_n as_o buy_v bullion_n with_o they_o the_o raise_n of_o your_o money_n can_v then_o the_o act_n for_o free_a coinage_n stand_v hinder_v its_o be_v melt_v down_o nor_o in_o the_o next_o place_n much_o less_o can_v it_o as_o be_v pretend_v hinder_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o bullion_n any_o denomination_n or_o stamp_n we_o shall_v give_v to_o silver_n here_o will_v neither_o give_v silver_n a_o high_a value_n in_o england_n nor_o make_v it_o less_o prize_v abroad_o so_o much_o silver_n will_v always_o be_v worth_a as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v so_o much_o silver_n give_v in_o exchange_n one_o for_o another_o nor_o will_v it_o when_o in_o your_o mint_n a_o less_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o a_o high_a denomination_n as_o when_o 19_o 20_o of_o a_o ounce_n have_v now_o the_o denomination_n of_o a_o crown_n which_o former_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o whole_a 20_o be_v one_o jot_n raise_v in_o respect_n of_o any_o other_o commodity_n you_o have_v raise_v the_o denomination_n of_o your_o stamp_a silver_n 1_o 20_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o 5_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o man_n will_v present_o raise_v their_o commodity_n 5_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o that_o if_o yesterday_o 20_o crown_n will_v exchange_v for_o 20_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n or_o 20_o yard_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o cloth_n if_o you_o will_v to_o day_n coin_v current_a crown_n 1_o 20_o light_a and_o make_v they_o the_o standard_n you_o will_v find_v 20_o crown_n will_v exchange_v for_o but_o 19_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n or_o 19_o yard_n of_o that_o cloth_n which_o will_v be_v just_a as_o much_o silver_n for_o a_o bushel_n as_o yesterday_o so_o that_o silver_n be_v of_o no_o more_o real_a value_n by_o your_o change_v your_o denomination_n and_o give_v it_o a_o less_o quantity_n this_o will_v no_o more_o bring_v in_o or_o keep_v your_o bullion_n here_o than_o if_o you_o have_v do_v nothing_o if_o this_o be_v otherwise_o you_o will_v be_v behold_v as_o some_o people_n foolish_o imagine_v to_o the_o clipper_n for_o keep_v in_o your_o money_n for_o if_o keep_v the_o old_a denomination_n to_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n be_v raise_v your_o money_n as_o in_o effect_v it_o be_v all_o that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v do_v in_o it_o by_o this_o project_n of_o make_v your_o coin_n light_a the_o clipper_n have_v sufficient_o do_v that_o and_o if_o their_o trade_n go_v on_o a_o little_a while_n long_o at_o the_o rate_n it_o have_v of_o late_a and_o your_o miâ—l'd-money_n be_v melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o and_o no_o more_o coin_v your_o money_n will_v without_o the_o charge_n of_o new_a coinage_n be_v by_o that_o sort_n of_o artificer_n raise_v above_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z when_o all_o your_o current_a money_n shall_v be_v clip_v and_o make_v above_o 1_o â—0_n light_a than_o the_o standard_n preserve_v still_o its_o former_a denomination_n it_o will_v possible_o be_v here_o object_v to_o i_o that_o we_o see_v 100_o l._n of_o clip_a money_n above_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z light_a than_o the_o standard_n will_v buy_v as_o much_o corn_n cloth_n or_o wine_n as_o 100_o l._n in_o milled_a monâ—y_n which_o be_v 1_o 20_o heavy_a whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o my_o rule_n fail_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o give_v the_o value_n to_o money_n but_o its_o stamp_n and_o denomination_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o man_n make_v their_o estimate_n and_o contract_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n upon_o supposition_n they_o shall_v receive_v good_a and_o lawful_a money_n which_o be_v that_o of_o full_a weight_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n they_o do_v while_o they_o receive_v the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o country_n for_o since_o 100_o l._n of_o clip_a money_n will_v pay_v a_o debt_n of_o 100_o l._n as_o well_o as_o the_o weighty_a milled_a money_n and_o a_o new_a crown_n out_o of_o the_o mint_n will_v pay_v for_o no_o more_o flesh_n fruit_n or_o cloth_n than_o five_o clip_a shilling_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o be_v equivalent_a as_o to_o the_o purchase_n of_o any_o thing_n here_o at_o home_n while_o no_o body_n scruple_n to_o take_v five_o clip_a shilling_n in_o exchange_n for_o a_o weighty_a mill_v crown_n but_o this_o will_v be_v quite_o otherwise_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o change_v your_o coin_n andâ—_n to_o raise_v it_o as_o you_o call_v it_o make_v your_o money_n 1_o â—0_n light_a in_o the_o mint_n for_o than_o no_o body_n will_v any_o more_o give_v a_o old_a crown_n of_o the_o former_a standard_n for_o one_o of_o the_o new_a than_o he_o will_v now_o give_v you_o 5_o s._n and_o 3_o d._n for_o a_o crown_n for_o so_o much_o than_o his_o old_a crown_n will_v yield_v he_o at_o the_o mint_n clip_v and_o unclipt_a money_n will_v always_o buy_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o as_o long_o as_o they_o will_v without_o scruple_n change_v one_o for_o another_o and_o this_o make_v that_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o come_v to_o fell_v his_o good_n to_o you_o always_o count_v upon_o the_o value_n of_o your_o money_n by_o the_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o it_o and_o estimate_n the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n by_o the_o standard_n of_o your_o mint_n though_o perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o clip_a money_n any_o sum_n that_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v be_v much_o light_a than_o the_o standard_n and_o so_o have_v less_o silver_n in_o it_o than_o what_o be_v in_o a_o like_a sum_n new_o coin_v in_o the_o mint_n but_o whilst_o clip_v and_o weighty_a will_n equal_o change_v one_o for_o another_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o he_o whether_o he_o receive_v his_o money_n in_o clip_a money_n or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v but_o current_a for_o if_o he_o buy_v other_o commodity_n here_o with_o his_o money_n whatever_o sum_n he_o contract_v for_o clip_v as_o well_o as_o weighty_a money_n equal_o pay_v for_o it_o if_o he_o will_v carry_v away_o the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n in_o ready_a cash_n it_o be_v easy_o change_v into_o weighty_a money_n and_o then_o he_o have_v not_o only_o the_o sum_n in_o tale_n that_o he_o contract_v for_o but_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n he_o expect_v for_o his_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o our_o mint_n if_o the_o quantity_n of_o your_o clip_a money_n be_v once_o grow_v so_o great_a that_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n can_v if_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o easy_o get_v weighty_a money_n for_o it_o but_o have_v sell_v his_o merchandise_n and_o receive_v clip_v money_n find_v a_o difficulty_n to_o procure_v what_o be_v weight_n for_o it_o he_o will_v in_o sell_v his_o good_n either_o contract_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o weighty_a money_n or_o else_o raiseâ—_n the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o diminish_v quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o your_o current_n coin_n in_o holland_n ducatoon_n be_v the_o best_a money_n of_o the_o country_n as_o well_o as_o 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guilder_n piece_n and_o be_v order_v to_o pass_v for_o three_o guilder_n or_o sixty_o stuyver_n but_o 21_o three_o guilder_n piece_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v for_o 63_o guilder_n not_o have_v so_o much_o silver_n in_o they_o as_o 20_o ducatoon_n which_o pass_v for_o the_o same_o sum_n of_o 63_o guilder_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v either_o melt_v down_o in_o their_o mint_n for_o the_o make_n of_o these_o 〈…〉_z or_o yet_o base_a money_n with_o profit_n or_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o when_o they_o carry_v back_o the_o product_n of_o their_o sale_n in_o money_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o receive_v their_o payment_n of_o the_o number_n of_o guilder_n they_o contract_v for_o in_o ducatoon_n or_o change_v the_o money_n
lose_a trade_n contract_v debt_n with_o our_o neighbour_n they_o will_v put_v a_o great_a value_n on_o our_o silver_n and_o more_o money_n will_v be_v get_v by_o transport_v silver_n than_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v send_v which_o come_v about_o thus_o suppose_v that_o by_o a_o overbalance_n of_o their_o trade_n whether_o by_o a_o sale_n of_o pepper_n spice_n and_o other_o east-india_n commodity_n it_o matter_n not_o we_o have_v receive_v great_a quantity_n of_o good_n within_o these_o two_o or_o three_o month_n from_o hâ—lland_n and_o send_v but_o little_a thither_o so_o that_o the_o account_n balance_v between_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n we_o of_o england_n be_v a_o million_o in_o their_o debt_n what_o will_v follow_v from_o hence_o this_o that_o these_o dutch_a creditor_n desire_v to_o have_v what_o be_v due_a to_o they_o give_v order_n to_o their_o factor_n and_o correspondent_n here_o to_o return_v it_o they_o for_o inquire_v as_o we_o do_v what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n we_o must_v not_o suppose_v they_o invest_v their_o debt_n in_o commodity_n and_o return_v their_o effect_n that_o way_n a_o million_o then_o be_v to_o be_v return_v from_o england_n to_o holland_n in_o money_n every_o one_o seek_v bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o englishman_n not_o have_v debt_n in_o holland_n to_o answer_v this_o million_o or_o any_o the_o least_o part_n of_o it_o bill_n be_v not_o to_o be_v get_v this_o present_o make_v the_o exchange_n very_o high_a upon_o which_o the_o banker_n etc._n etc._n who_o have_v the_o command_n of_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n send_v that_o away_o to_o holland_n in_o specie_fw-la and_o so_o take_v money_n here_o to_o pay_v it_o again_o there_o upon_o their_o bill_n at_o such_o a_o rate_n of_o exchange_n as_o give_v they_o five_o ten_o fifteen_o etc._n etc._n per_fw-la cent._n profit_n and_o thus_o sometime_o a_o 5_o s._n piece_n of_o our_o milled_a money_n may_v true_o be_v say_v to_o be_v worth_a 5_o s._n 3_o d._n 4_o d._n 6_o d._n 9_o d._n in_o holland_n and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o great_a value_n of_o silver_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n i_o easy_o grant_v it_o he_o but_o this_o great_a value_n be_v to_o be_v remedy_v not_o by_o the_o alteration_n of_o our_o mint_n but_o by_o the_o regulation_n and_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n for_o be_v your_o coin_n what_o it_o will_v our_o neighbour_n if_o they_o overbalance_n we_o in_o trade_n will_v not_o only_o have_v a_o great_a value_n for_o our_o silver_n but_o get_v it_o too_o and_o there_o will_v be_v more_o to_o be_v get_v by_o export_v silver_n to_o they_o than_o by_o any_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v send_v remark_n the_o alteration_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v no_o way_n at_o all_o like_a this_o for_o there_o they_o alter_v in_o denomination_n near_o half_a to_o deceive_v those_o they_o pay_v with_o pay_v those_o to_o who_o they_o owe_v one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n but_o half_o a_o ounce_n for_o it_o but_o in_o the_o alteration_n here_o design_v to_o whoever_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v owe_v a_o ounce_n will_v be_v pay_v in_o this_o money_n it_o be_v here_o only_o design_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o money_n shall_v equal_v a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o value_n at_o home_n as_o well_o as_o abroad_o which_o now_o it_o do_v not_o answer_n in_o this_o paragraph_n the_o author_n confess_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v a_o cheat_n but_o the_o alteration_n here_o design_v he_o say_v be_v not_o but_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o it_o be_v admirable_a viz._n because_o they_o there_o alter_v in_o denomination_n near_o half_a and_o here_o the_o denomination_n be_v alter_v but_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z for_o so_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v whatever_o be_v design_v as_o if_o 50_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v a_o cheat_n but_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v not_o because_o perhaps_o less_o perceivable_a for_o the_o two_o thing_n that_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v do_v here_o by_o this_o new_a coinage_n i_o fear_v will_n both_o fail_v viz._n 1._o that_o to_o who_o 〈◊〉_d a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v owe_v a_o ounce_n 〈◊〉_d silver_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o this_o money_n for_o when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v coin_v as_o be_v propose_v into_o 5_o s._n 5_o d._n which_o be_v to_o make_v our_o money_n 5_o per_fw-la cent._n high_o than_o it_o be_v now_o i_o that_o be_o to_o receive_v a_o 100_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la fee_fw-mi farm_n rent_n shall_v i_o in_o this_o new_a money_n receive_v 105_o l._n or_o bare_o 100_o l._n the_o first_o i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v say_v for_o if_o by_o law_n you_o have_v make_v it_o 100_o l._n it_o be_v certain_a the_o tenant_n will_v pay_v i_o no_o more_o if_o you_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o 400_o crown_n or_o 2000_o shilling_n of_o your_o new_a coin_n shall_v be_v a_o 100_o l._n but_o there_o must_v be_v 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o tale_n add_v to_o every_o 100_o you_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o new_a coinage_n to_o no_o other_o purpose_n but_o to_o breed_v confusion_n if_o i_o must_v receive_v 100_o l_o by_o tale_n of_o this_o new_a money_n for_o my_o fee_fw-mi farm_n rent_n it_o be_v demonstration_n that_o i_o lose_v five_o ounce_n per_fw-la cent_z of_o the_o silver_n be_v due_a to_o i_o this_o a_o little_a low_o he_o confess_v in_o these_o word_n that_o where_o a_o man_n have_v a_o rent-sec_a that_o can_v never_o be_v more_o this_o may_v somewhat_o affect_v it_o but_o so_o very_o little_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o ever_o at_o all_o be_v perceive_v this_o very_a little_a be_v 5_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o if_o a_o man_n be_v cheat_v of_o that_o so_o he_o perceive_v it_o not_o it_o go_v for_o nothing_o but_o this_o loss_n will_v not_o affect_v only_o such_o rent_n as_o can_v never_o be_v more_o but_o all_o payment_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v contract_v for_o before_o this_o alteration_n of_o our_o money_n 2._o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o he_o affirm_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o money_n do_v equal_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o value_n abroad_o but_o not_o at_o home_n then_o this_o part_n of_o the_o undertake_n will_v also_o fail_v for_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o stamp_n on_o our_o money_n do_v any_o more_o debase_v it_o here_o at_o home_n than_o abroad_o or_o make_v the_o silver_n in_o our_o money_n not_o equal_a in_o value_n to_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o silver_n every_o where_o the_o author_n will_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v make_v it_o out_o and_o not_o leave_v so_o great_a a_o paradox_n only_o to_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o single_a assertion_n remark_n and_o for_o what_o be_v say_v in_o this_o bill_n to_o prevent_v exportation_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o keep_n in_o our_o coin_n and_o bullion_n and_o leave_v all_o foreign_a to_o be_v export_v still_o answer_n what_o the_o author_n mean_v by_o our_o own_o and_o foreign_a bullion_n will_v need_v some_o explication_n remark_n there_o be_v now_o no_o such_o thing_n as_o payment_n make_v in_o weighty_a and_o milled_a money_n answer_n i_o believe_v there_o be_v very_o few_o in_o town_n who_o do_v not_o very_o often_o receive_v a_o milled_a crown_n for_o 5_o s._n and_o a_o mill_v half_a crown_n for_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n but_o he_o mean_v i_o suppose_v in_o great_a and_o entire_a sum_n of_o milled_a money_n but_o i_o ask_v if_o all_o the_o clip_v money_n be_v call_v in_o whether_o then_o all_o the_o payment_n will_v not_o be_v in_o weighty_a money_n and_o that_o not_o be_v call_v in_o whether_o if_o it_o be_v light_a than_o your_o new_a milled_a money_n the_o new_a mill_v money_n will_v not_o be_v melt_v down_o as_o much_o as_o the_o old_a which_o i_o think_v the_o author_n there_o confess_v or_o else_o i_o understand_v he_o not_o remark_n nor_o will_v this_o any_o way_n interrupt_v trade_n for_o trade_n will_v find_v its_o own_o course_n the_o denomination_n of_o money_n in_o any_o country_n no_o way_n concern_v that_o answ._n the_o denomination_n to_o a_o certain_a weight_n of_o money_n in_o all_o country_n concern_v trade_n and_o the_o alteration_n of_o that_o necessary_o bring_v disturbance_n to_o it_o remark_n for_o if_o so_o be_v it_o occasion_n the_o coin_v more_o money_n answ._n he_o talk_v as_o if_o it_o will_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o coin_v more_o money_n out_o of_o what_o out_o of_o money_n already_o coin_v or_o out_o of_o bullion_n for_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v where_o it_o be_v remark_n it_o may_v be_v some_o gain_n to_o those_o that_o will_v venture_v to_o melt_v down_o the_o coin_n but_o very_o small_a loss_n if_o any_o to_o those_o that_o