frequent_o when_o silver_n be_v advance_v by_o alter_v the_o proportion_n and_o reduce_v the_o same_o to_o 12_o to_o one_o or_o thereabouts_o second_o the_o foreign_a coin_n will_v be_v advance_v by_o these_o mean_n 7_o upon_o the_o hundred_o above_o our_o starlin_n money_n and_o thereby_o increase_v the_o exportation_n of_o the_o say_v royal_n three_o the_o king_n will_v loose_v his_o coinage_n money_n be_v above_o 2_o d._n upon_o a_o ounce_n and_o the_o melt_a down_o of_o his_o money_n and_o efface_v of_o his_o stamp_n be_v a_o great_a derogation_n of_o his_o prerogation_n royal_a it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n four_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o say_v royal_n will_v alter_v the_o price_n of_o plare_fw-la as_o also_o of_o other_o commodity_n within_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v a_o matter_n much_o respect_v hitherto_o five_o when_o money_n be_v enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n do_v also_o enhance_v in_o some_o measure_n but_o when_o money_n be_v enhance_v here_o the_o exchange_n abate_v which_o cause_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n to_o increase_v as_o for_o example_n exchange_n the_o propery_n of_o true_a exchange_n if_o to_o make_v silver_n equivalent_a to_o gold_n of_o 12_o to_o one_o the_o ounce_n shall_v be_v value_v at_o 5_o s._n 6_o do_v whereby_o it_o will_v be_v enhance_v ten_o pro_fw-la cento_fw-la shall_v be_v though_o convenient_a it_o will_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o fall_v 10_o pro_fw-la cento_fw-la or_o more_o which_o for_o the_o low_a country_n will_v fall_v to_o 30_o s._n and_o under_o and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v still_o transport_v and_o the_o make_n of_o foreign_a coin_n currant_n within_o the_o realm_n above_o the_o value_n of_o we_o be_v not_o use_v upon_o any_o good_a order_n as_o we_o have_v note_v by_o the_o archdutchesse_n of_o austria_n to_o come_v therefore_o to_o the_o true_a remedy_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o operation_n to_o which_o end_n we_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o equin_n octiall_a the_o loss_n which_o the_o realm_n sustain_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n or_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n as_o also_o the_o benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v by_o the_o high_a exchange_n as_o mere_o opposite_a unto_o it_o so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v certain_o overballance_a cause_n to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la i_o that_o when_o the_o exchange_n shall_v be_v rectify_v and_o our_o money_n be_v true_o value_v in_o exchange_n 2_o according_a to_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n 3_o then_o will_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n cease_v 4_o and_o the_o more_o native_a commodity_n will_v be_v export_v and_o consequent_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o inhaunce_a be_v prevent_v 5_o will_v cause_v bullion_n and_o money_n to_o be_v import_v 6_o and_o the_o less_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o 7_o the_o royal_a of_o spain_n will_v not_o be_v divert_v nor_o the_o trade_n depend_v thereupon_o 8_o which_o will_v procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n 9_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n 10_o and_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n thereby_o effectual_o prevent_v the_o aforesaid_a overballance_v this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n wealth_n the_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n and_o proclamation_n of_o exchange_n prohibit_v that_o after_o 3_o month_n next_o and_o ensue_a the_o same_o no_o man_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n by_o bill_n or_o otherwise_o for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a part_n or_o to_o be_v rechange_v towards_o this_o realm_n under_o the_o true_a par_fw-fr or_o value_n for_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n in_o weight_n and_o finesse_n but_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n or_o above_o the_o same_o as_o merchant_n can_v agree_v but_o never_o under_o the_o same_o which_o shall_v be_v declare_v by_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n upon_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n with_o such_o caution_n and_o observation_n as_o former_o have_v be_v note_v whereunto_o i_o must_v refer_v myself_o to_o be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la for_o the_o better_a understanding_n hereof_o and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o like_a have_v be_v former_o do_v but_o therein_o only_a direction_n be_v want_v hitherto_o i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o put_v down_o the_o same_o verbatim_o as_o follow_v a_o proclamation_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n use_v by_o merchant_n eliz._n queen_n eliz._n according_a to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o statutas_fw-la of_o the_o realm_n forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v so_o great_a abuse_n of_o 〈◊〉_d year_n grow_v by_o the_o corrupt_a deal_n of_o sundry_a merchant_n and_o broker_n as_o well_o stranger_n 〈◊〉_d upon_o bargain_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v both_o out_o &_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o not_o only_o the_o good_a laudable_a and_o profitable_a use_n of_o natural_a merchandise_v be_v great_o decay_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o this_o realm_n much_o abase_v and_o her_o majesty_n custom_n and_o subsedy_n that_o be_v the_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o this_o crown_n diminish_v and_o withdraw_v with_o sundry_a of_o 〈◊〉_d inconvenience_n to_o the_o notable_a damage_n of_o 〈◊〉_d realm_n for_o the_o due_a remedy_n whereof_o there_o 〈◊〉_d be_v make_v heretofore_o sundry_a good_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o do_v still_o continueâ—â—_n their_o force_n the_o queen_n majesty_n intend_v 〈◊〉_d have_v such_o great_a enormity_n and_o mischief_n 〈◊〉_d do_v give_v all_o manner_n of_o merchant_n break_a &_o all_o other_o person_n use_v to_o bargain_n by_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v to_o understand_v that_o her_o meaning_n 〈◊〉_d have_v such_o law_n and_o statute_n put_v in_o execution_n have_v be_v provide_v and_o do_v remain_v in_o force_n for_o this_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o warn_v all_o manner_n of_o person_n to_o have_v hereafter_o due_a regard_n thereunto_o 〈◊〉_d on_o such_o penalty_n as_o in_o the_o say_v law_n stature_n 〈◊〉_d other_o ordinance_n remane_v in_o their_o force_n be_v provide_v and_o for_o the_o lawful_a satisfaction_n of_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v necessary_a cause_n to_o take_v or_o deliver_v any_o money_n by_o exchange_n there_o shall_v be_v certain_a order_n in_o 〈◊〉_d set_v up_o in_o place_n convenient_a declare_v the_o rate_n thereof_o as_o the_o same_o shall_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o use_n of_o her_o majesty_n or_o to_o her_o minister_n and_o officer_n thereunto_o authorize_v give_v at_o green-wich_a the_o 20_o of_o september_n 1576_o in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o prosperous_a reign_n of_o the_o queen_n majesty_n the_o noble_a and_o renown_a the_o baron_n of_o elsmere_n lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n decease_v unto_o who_o i_o owe_v perpetual_a obligation_n do_v at_o foverall_a time_n advise_v at_o the_o council_n table_n to_o publish_v the_o like_a proclamation_n with_o some_o other_o good_a observation_n see_v therein_o be_v nothing_o require_v but_o equity_n and_o justice_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o the_o evil_a man_n sow_v thres_n in_o the_o night_n make_v the_o weed_n to_o grow_v so_o fast_o that_o the_o good_a feed_n can_v not_o prosper_v so_o that_o inveterated_a disease_n break_v forth_o at_o last_o make_v we_o to_o feel_v the_o smart_n thereof_o for_o some_o man_n upon_o private_a respect_n will_v cast_v doubt_n beyond_o the_o moon_n unexperience_n the_o nature_n of_o unexperience_n other_o will_v propound_v more_o question_n in_o a_o hour_n than_o a_o wise_a man_n can_v answer_v in_o a_o year_n and_o other_o be_v always_o consult_v and_o never_o deliberate_v so_o that_o the_o grave_n and_o discreate_a counsellor_n of_o state_n be_v to_o determine_v these_o serious_a business_n and_o to_o the_o other_o i_o may_v say_v know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o sâ—ept_v the_o doctrine_n of_o pyrrhâ—_n ariston_n and_o heriâ—â—â—â—_n have_v be_v long_o ago_o hiss_v out_o of_o the_o school_n or_o rather_o banish_v and_o confine_v among_o the_o barbarian_n will_v you_o cause_v we_o to_o doubt_v of_o all_o thing_n then_o shall_v we_o doubt_v whether_o you_o doubt_v or_o no_o it_o be_v possible_a you_o can_v carry_v bread_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d hand_n and_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o to_o 〈◊〉_d unto_o these_o man_n some_o satisfaction_n which_o make_v 〈◊〉_d whether_o the_o say_v his_o majesty_n proclamation_n 〈◊〉_d obey_v here_o &_o beyond_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n will_v effect_v the_o same_o for_o gain_n will_v command_v effectual_o command_v the_o centre_n will_v command_v por_fw-es el_fw-es dinero_n bay_fw-mi la_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d perro_n say_v the_o spaniard_n
the_o realm_n know_v that_o he_o shall_v make_v but_o 4_o s._n 6_o do_v a_o piece_n which_o make_v but_o 85_o l._n 14_o s._n 6_o d._n when_o he_o can_v have_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l_o which_o be_v 14_o l._n 5_o s._n 6_o d._n more_o in_o two_o month_n time_n be_v not_o this_o a_o intolerable_a interest_n between_o merchant_n fall_v upon_o those_o that_o have_v small_a stock_n and_o be_v taker_n up_o of_o money_n when_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v deliverer_n pay_v 70_o and_o 80_o upon_o the_o hundred_o to_o the_o undersel_v of_o our_o native_a commodity_n let_v he_o here_o apply_v the_o say_n animus_fw-la meminisse_fw-la horret_fw-la luctuque_fw-la refugit_fw-la i_o his_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n be_v so_o plain_a and_o luce_n meridiana_fw-la clarius_n in_o every_o man_n understanding_n that_o there_o need_v not_o any_o further_a explanation_n yet_o misselden_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o 15_o per_n cento_n 25._o p._n 25._o more_o get_v by_o the_o royal_n of_o 8_o beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o in_o england_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o low_a exchange_n and_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o give_v there_o little_a by_o exchange_n to_o receive_v much_o for_o it_o here_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o precedent_a example_n of_o hamborough_n do_v demonstrate_v for_o he_o deni_v that_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v rise_v with_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o money_n which_o he_o banish_v value_n of_o money_n and_o this_o be_v mere_a contrary_n to_o his_o former_a assertion_n pag._n 17._o where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o the_o merchant_n do_v nor_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n in_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o money_n enhance_v in_o exchange_n they_o shall_v come_v home_o by_o weep_a cross_n the_o best_a be_v he_o can_v swallow_v up_o many_o of_o these_o guggion_n and_o put_v down_o thing_n never_o by_o i_o affirm_v as_o that_o the_o exchange_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o go_v constant_o at_o 33_o s._n 4_o do_v and_o here_o he_o may_v produce_v more_o than_o 1586_o witness_n and_o merchant_n book_n 28._o p._n 28._o sure_o this_o man_n do_v imitate_v the_o country_n corydon_n who_o see_v a_o sign_n for_o horse_n to_o be_v let_v to_o hire_v and_o livery_n with_o the_o year_n of_o 1622_o thereunto_o add_v be_v look_v where_o those_o great_a stable_n stand_v that_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o horse_n for_o he_o dare_v say_v and_o affirm_v any_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o untrue_a and_o be_v convince_v thereof_o be_v no_o more_o ashamed_a than_o a_o horse_n which_o have_v overthrow_v his_o cart._n there_o be_v of_o late_a year_n a_o merchant_n of_o great_a experience_n exchange_n a_o worthy_a consideration_n in_o exchange_n who_o by_o ruminate_v of_o his_o brain_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o although_o sometime_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n go_v low_a for_o some_o week_n it_o go_v high_a again_o at_o other_o week_n and_o so_o account_v one_o week_n with_o a_o other_o this_o undervaluation_n may_v be_v recompense_v and_o find_v to_o be_v correspondent_a this_o consideration_n be_v very_o material_a and_o money_n be_v not_o then_o at_o all_o enhanced_a at_o hamborough_n neither_o so_o much_o rise_v in_o the_o low_a country_n whereupon_o it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o cast_v up_o the_o weekly_a price_n of_o exchange_n one_o with_o another_o according_a to_o the_o broker_n bill_n of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o they_o deliver_v weekly_a and_o that_o for_o certain_a year_n after_o 52_o week_n for_o the_o year_n cast_v the_o medium_fw-la thereof_o by_o certain_a table_n make_v thereof_o and_o although_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o it_o have_v be_v and_o continue_v these_o 12_o year_n since_o by_o one_o three_o part_n yet_o the_o loss_n sustain_v thereby_o come_v yearly_a to_o 35_o and_o 37_o per_n cento_n by_o the_o year_n the_o operation_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v feel_v in_o time_n as_o now_o we_o do_v in_o the_o want_n of_o money_n for_o in_o the_o great_a body_n of_o commonweal_n thing_n be_v not_o sensible_a but_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n which_o cause_v i_o to_o compare_v the_o work_n thereof_o to_o the_o planet_n saturn_n make_v his_o spherical_a course_n in_o thirty_o year_n the_o rule_n therefore_o which_o misselden_n call_v rule_n aniufalâ—ible_a rule_n a_o precept_n be_v infallible_a that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n according_a to_o their_o inward_a weight_n and_o finesse_n and_o their_o outward_a valuation_n they_o be_v never_o export_v because_o the_o gain_n be_v answerable_a by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o exportation_n to_o this_o he_o answer_v that_o the_o stranger_n commit_v the_o fault_n and_o i_o will_v have_v the_o english_a punish_v which_o be_v as_o sententious_a for_o he_o to_o lay_v as_o that_o i_o teach_v gentleman_n a_o way_n how_o to_o improve_v their_o woole_n reader_n to_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o cozen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o cloth_n if_o the_o reader_n will_v believe_v he_o there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n in_o his_o pamphlet_n 29._o p._n 29._o but_o of_o some_o use_n but_o my_o discourse_n be_v piect_a together_o with_o steal_v stuff_n if_o i_o do_v borrow_v of_o other_o that_o have_v write_v learned_o as_o all_o author_n do_v why_o will_v your_o slanderous_a pen_n blame_v i_o especial_o when_o you_o do_v nothing_o else_o but_o traduce_v the_o writing_n of_o other_o and_o some_o who_o you_o do_v name_n have_v first_o their_o light_n from_o i_o now_o if_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o point_n and_o say_v 16._o p._n 16._o that_o to_o the_o judicious_a merchant_n i_o have_v give_v cause_n of_o offence_n to_o have_v write_v so_o much_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o exchange_n as_o i_o may_v well_o do_v do_v i_o by_o your_o pervert_v constitution_n bewray_v my_o want_n of_o wit_n and_o honesty_n a_o mule_n be_v a_o beast_n beget_v of_o a_o horse_n and_o a_o she_o ass_n and_o so_o be_v these_o answer_v beget_v between_o wit_n and_o idleness_n that_o serious_a observation_n of_o those_o most_o grave_a and_o honourable_a councillor_n of_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o concern_v the_o feat_n and_o banker_n 16._o maine_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 16._o and_o the_o example_n of_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o nine_o &_o philip_n the_o fair_a confiscate_v their_o good_n which_o be_v also_o do_v by_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n who_o indite_v they_o as_o cosonner_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o with_o jest_n and_o untruth_n for_o wise_a man_n look_v for_o better_a thing_n vesp._n suetonius_n in_o viat_fw-la vesp._n and_o will_v not_o be_v reasted_a withal_o which_o cause_v vespasian_n to_o remove_v such_o a_o busphoon_n as_o jest_v at_o his_o friend_n will_v he_o to_o jest_v at_o himself_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n proclamation_n and_o ordinance_n make_v upon_o this_o consideration_n with_o the_o treaty_n and_o conference_n with_o other_o prince_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v will_v manifest_v the_o importance_n of_o this_o matter_n of_o state_n which_o be_v canker_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o place_v in_o this_o zone_n of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n as_o before_o be_v note_v the_o operation_n whereof_o will_v be_v more_o perspicuous_a upon_o examination_n of_o it_o by_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o middle_n and_o three_o zone_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n according_a to_o our_o distribution_n whereby_o the_o old_a adage_n will_v approve_v that_o young_a man_n do_v think_v that_o old_a man_n be_v fool_n but_o old_a man_n do_v know_v that_o young_a man_n be_v fool_n which_o have_v a_o reference_n to_o the_o general_a and_o may_v be_v apply_v in_o this_o particular_a lest_o per_fw-la adventure_v he_o be_v wise_a in_o his_o own_o eye_n proverbe_n 26._o v._o 5._o chap._n iii_o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n now_o that_o we_o come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n where_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n be_v to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o parity_n to_o be_v observe_v between_o money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n let_v we_o note_v that_o aristotle_n in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o metaphysic_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o book_n of_o distinction_n have_v large_o confirm_v that_o all_o error_n proceed_v from_o indistinction_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o a_o distinction_n can_v be_v no_o other_o thing_n then_o the_o
the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n be_v ground_v consider_v we_o now_o this_o centre_n gain_n in_o every_o particular_a upon_o the_o premise_n draw_v from_o the_o circumference_n all_o direct_a line_n into_o it_o and_o exclude_v all_o obloquy_n curuey_a and_o helicall_a line_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o nothing_o do_v force_v trade_n but_o gain_n gaine_n have_v upon_o money_n by_o underualuation_n in_o exchange_n and_o inhaunce_v of_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v our_o money_n to_o be_v export_v gaine_n have_v upon_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o true_a valuation_n cause_v money_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o gain_v upon_o money_n be_v take_v away_o and_o answer_v by_o true_a exchange_n keep_v money_n within_o the_o realm_n gaine_n give_v upon_o money_n import_v here_o equal_a to_o the_o gain_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v prevent_v the_o diversion_n of_o the_o royal_n of_o 8._o gain_v more_o make_v by_o our_o money_n then_o by_o our_o commodity_n export_v cause_v less_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o great_a exportation_n gaine_n make_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n undervalue_v our_o money_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v sell_v less_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o foreign_a ware_n dear_a to_o overballance_v us._n gaine_n make_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n be_v real_o import_v by_o money_n and_o bullion_n when_o there_o be_v no_o loss_n by_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n gaine_n have_v upon_o foreign_a coin_n within_o the_o realm_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o value_n in_o exchange_n keep_v the_o coin_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o mint_n gain_v upon_o money_n be_v great_a beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o with_o we_o in_o england_n draw_v money_n thither_o and_o hinder_v money_n to_o be_v import_v the_o want_n whereof_o make_v a_o dead_a trade_n gaine_n have_v by_o exchange_n upon_o young_a merchant_n of_o small_a mean_n spoil_v the_o vent_n of_o our_o commodity_n by_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o gaine_n give_v by_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n or_o above_o the_o same_o cause_v foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a within_o the_o realm_n and_o give_v a_o direction_n tacite_fw-la to_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n with_o more_o gain_n and_o reputation_n gaine_n procure_v by_o our_o commodity_n outward_o more_o than_o by_o foreign_a commodity_n inward_o which_o mean_v to_o import_v bullion_n and_o money_n to_o be_v do_v by_o this_o true_a valuation_n in_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a will_v prevent_v the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o bring_v all_o thing_n in_o tune_n when_o the_o centre_n gain_n find_v rest_n in_o proprio_fw-la loco_fw-la the_o consideration_n hereof_o exclude_v all_o unjust_a unlawful_a and_o private_a gain_n make_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oversight_n of_o merchant_n which_o seem_v to_o steer_v the_o helm_n when_o palynicrus_fw-la be_v sleepy_a this_o be_v that_o geometrical_a axiom_n or_o maxim_n circulus_fw-la tangit_fw-la planum_fw-la unico_fw-la puncto_fw-la heretofore_o observe_v this_o be_v proper_o the_o scope_n of_o merchant_n 104._o p._n 104._o all_o the_o mystery_n of_o personal_a and_o provincial_a exchange_n be_v comprise_v in_o this_o mystery_n which_o misselden_n will_v make_v to_o be_v no_o mystery_n and_o to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n nevertheless_o all_o the_o knowledge_n of_o commerce_n be_v present_v and_o represent_v in_o this_o history_n all_o the_o river_n of_o trade_n spring_n out_o of_o this_o source_n 142._o p._n 142._o and_o empt_v themselves_o again_o into_o this_o ocean_n all_o the_o weight_n of_o trade_n fall_v to_o this_o centre_n and_o come_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o this_o circle_n this_o be_v that_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la that_o weigh_v down_o misseldens_n balance_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v without_o a_o parallel_n which_o to_o prove_v let_v we_o now_o examine_v what_o be_v present_v and_o represent_v by_o his_o uncertain_a balance_n a_o merchant_n say_v he_o when_o he_o will_v inform_v himself_o how_o his_o estate_n stand_v 130._o p._n 130._o be_v say_v to_o take_v a_o balance_n of_o his_o estate_n wherein_o he_o collect_v and_o consider_v all_o his_o ware_n and_o money_n and_o debt_n as_o if_o he_o will_v cast_v every-thing_n into_o the_o scale_n to_o be_v try_v etc._n etc._n if_o this_o merchant_n shall_v not_o look_v to_o the_o centre_n gain_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n what_o will_v the_o take_n of_o a_o balance_n avail_v he_o or_o to_o what_o end_n and_o purpose_n will_v this_o tend_v sure_o only_a for_o a_o trial_n to_o find_v out_o whether_o he_o have_v gain_v or_o lose_v this_o be_v all_o a_o balance_n can_v do_v and_o although_o a_o merchant_n can_v in_o some_o sort_n do_v this_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o royal_a merchant_n or_o a_o prince_n can_v do_v it_o albeit_o he_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o power_n but_o merchant_n do_v manage_v the_o same_o who_o as_o have_v be_v show_v may_v procure_v their_o private_a gain_n and_o yet_o impoverish_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o the_o cast_v up_o of_o this_o balance_n 116._o p._n 116._o can_v never_o be_v a_o excellent_a and_o policique_fw-la invention_n to_o show_v we_o the_o difference_n of_o weight_n in_o the_o commerce_n of_o one_o kingdom_n with_o another_o unless_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o trade_n be_v wise_o direct_v and_o observe_v by_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o say_a centre_n of_o commerce_n and_o not_o by_o this_o conceit_a balance_n misselden_n have_v find_v a_o ancient_a worm-eaten_a balance_n upon_o record_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o might_n very_o well_o have_v over_o past_o the_o same_o see_v the_o imperfection_n thereof_o 30._o p._n 30._o and_o that_o he_o find_v it_o in_o that_o maniscript_n that_o he_o so_o little_a esteem_v from_o which_o as_o he_o say_v i_o have_v store_v myself_o for_o therein_o diverse_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o lead_v tin_n butter_n cheese_n tallow_n hides_n skin_n iron_n and_o other_o staple_n wares_n be_v not_o mention_v and_o yet_o concern_v the_o say_a balance_n so_o that_o his_o comparison_n between_o those_o ancient_a 123._o p._n 123._o with_o these_o modern_a time_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o a_o superfluous_a tale_n but_o he_o delight_v iâ—_n word_n for_o want_n of_o matter_n or_o substance_n then_o he_o come_v to_o a_o positive_a constitution_n of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o balance_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1612_o and_o 1621._o and_o here_o lie_v the_o pot_n of_o rose_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o native_a commodity_n export_v and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v do_v balance_n or_o overballance_v one_o another_o in_o the_o scale_n of_o commerce_n 121._o p._n 121._o and_o if_o the_o native_a commodity_n export_v do_v weigh_v down_o and_o exceed_v in_o value_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v 127._o p._n 127._o that_o overplus_n must_v either_o come_v in_o as_o he_o say_v in_o money_n or_o merchandise_n 117._o p._n 117._o if_o not_o in_o money_n then_o in_o merchandise_n sure_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v this_o without_o a_o nightcap_n for_o it_o deserve_v to_o be_v write_v in_o capital_a letter_n money_n will_v not_o be_v import_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o they_o and_o if_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o it_o increase_v the_o say_v overballance_v as_o a_o deceptio_fw-la visus_fw-la upon_o your_o scale_n of_o commerce_n whereby_o you_o can_v discern_v the_o truth_n but_o you_o must_v of_o force_n find_v your_o balance_n false_a visus_fw-la the_o balance_n a_o deceptio_fw-la visus_fw-la and_o your_o judgement_n uncertain_a and_o herein_o be_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o a_o remedy_n than_o there_o be_v to_o overtake_v a_o man_n which_o run_v to_o the_o east_n and_o you_o pursue_v he_o towards_o the_o west_n run_v from_o he_o but_o let_v we_o come_v somewhat_o close_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o balance_n and_o suppose_v that_o by_o increase_v our_o manufacture_n by_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a more_o to_o be_v export_v this_o balance_n will_v be_v reform_v be_v not_o this_o like_a and_o feasible_a to_o be_v do_v i_o answer_v that_o although_o it_o be_v feasible_a to_o make_v and_o vent_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o manufacture_n yearly_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o like_a to_o moderate_v the_o overballance_a for_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v say_v that_o the_o proceed_v or_o return_v of_o the_o say_a manufacture_n will_v come_v unto_o we_o in_o foreign_a commodity_n because_o money_n and_o bullion_n can_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o to_o loss_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v so_o that_o still_o
procure_v by_o merchant_n by_o or_o under_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n either_o by_o commodity_n or_o by_o money_n or_o by_o exchange_n of_o money_n according_a to_o every_o man_n profession_n and_o occasion_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n some_o by_o commodity_n only_o other_o by_o money_n &_o other_o by_o exchange_n for_o money_n or_o by_o all_o three_o mean_n trade_n three_o mean_n of_o trade_n or_o some_o of_o they_o which_o yield_v most_o benefit_n as_o we_o shall_v declare_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o plain_a and_o significant_a word_n fit_a for_o every_o man_n understanding_n without_o affectation_n of_o superficiary_a term_n of_o art_n by_o demonstrative_a reason_n and_o infallible_a argument_n illustrate_v by_o simile_n notwithstanding_o the_o refuter_n objection_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o answer_v as_o they_o shall_v occur_v unto_o i_o have_v by_o this_o index_n purgatorius_fw-la dissolve_v some_o frantic_a disease_n of_o his_o brain_n which_o may_v have_v obscure_v the_o thing_n material_a of_o this_o important_a business_n thus_o have_v resolve_v to_o contain_v myself_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o modesty_n remember_v the_o say_n of_o socrates_n if_o a_o ass_n kick_v thou_o will_v thou_o kick_v he_o again_o i_o be_o only_a to_o address_v some_o few_o speech_n unto_o he_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n alas_o poor_a man_n you_o do_v so_o often_o deplore_v my_o ignorance_n by_o these_o word_n to_o extol_v your_o learning_n who_o be_v never_o graduate_v in_o school_n do_v you_o think_v to_o conjure_v i_o within_o the_o circuit_n of_o your_o circle_n wherein_o you_o be_v enclose_v i_o be_o not_o to_o follow_v your_o method_n of_o circulation_n especial_o when_o you_o strive_v to_o commend_v and_o make_v good_a that_o within_o book_n which_o be_v never_o in_o question_n and_o malicious_o urge_v some_o thing_n without_o book_n that_o be_v never_o mean_v by_o word_n nor_o writing_n to_o be_v defend_v neither_o can_v i_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o matter_n by_o your_o meander_n or_o excursion_n and_o vain_a disputation_n de_fw-fr lana_fw-la caprina_fw-la you_o do_v embrace_v with_o ixion_n a_o cloud_n for_o juno_n and_o with_o narcissus_n love_v your_o own_o shadow_n for_o a_o water_n nymph_n leave_v your_o profanation_n of_o god_n word_n in_o your_o passionate_a writing_n for_o the_o high_a point_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o know_v that_o we_o know_v nothing_o and_o so_o i_o end_v with_o a_o observation_n only_o of_o such_o other_o absurdity_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n or_o zone_n chap._n 1._o that_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n place_v under_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n 2._o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n in_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n chap._n 3._o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a chap._n 4._o a_o examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n into_o other_o country_n place_v in_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n chap._n 5._o the_o mean_n to_o balance_v the_o trade_n of_o england_n by_o the_o say_a centre_n or_o the_o remedy_n against_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n thereof_o place_v in_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n chap._n i._n that_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o zone_n or_o arctic_a circle_n of_o the_o north_n let_v we_o direct_v our_o compass_n according_a to_o this_o north_n star_n of_o the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n and_o so_o proceed_v methodical_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n so_o general_a in_o any_o thing_n which_o admit_v not_o some_o exception_n but_o to_o ground_v any_o thing_n upon_o a_o exception_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o general_a rule_n be_v never_o do_v by_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n all_o misseldens_n contradiction_n be_v ground_v upon_o exception_n and_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v neglect_v as_o for_o example_n the_o ship_n name_v the_o dragon_n come_v from_o the_o east_n indies_n absurdity_n misseldens_n absurdity_n be_v drive_v by_o necessity_n to_o sail_v a_o great_a part_n of_o her_o way_n without_o a_o rudder_n 22._o p._n 22._o shall_v we_o make_v a_o rule_n hereof_o and_o sail_v without_o a_o rudder_n or_o compass_n statesman_n have_v observe_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o coin_n do_v general_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n shall_v we_o term_v this_o a_o fallacy_n 39_o p._n 39_o because_o that_o the_o linen_n in_o germany_n have_v these_o two_o or_o three_o year_n last_o come_v thence_o so_o cheap_a notwithstanding_o they_o be_v buy_v with_o money_n give_v out_o at_o high_a rate_n especial_o when_o intestine_a war_n make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a as_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n have_v observe_v in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n again_o when_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v raise_v general_o with_o the_o price_n of_o money_n enhance_v 25._o p._n 25._o shall_v we_o contradict_v the_o same_o because_o one_o commodity_n as_o clove_n be_v not_o rise_v but_o sell_v as_o a_o staple_n ware_n likewise_o when_o money_n be_v not_o import_v when_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n of_o they_o again_o money_n decay_v of_o their_o price_n be_v import_v again_o shall_v we_o deny_v this_o principle_n when_o money_n be_v bring_v in_o be_v decry_v or_o make_v bullion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o jacobus_n and_o other_o coin_n have_v be_v of_o late_a in_o holland_n and_o those_o part_n which_o cause_v some_o quantity_n for_o a_o time_n to_o be_v import_v again_o when_o general_o all_o divine_n do_v interpret_v and_o understand_v the_o hebrew_n word_n neshech_n to_o be_v the_o bite_n of_o a_o dog_n or_o a_o gnaw_a as_o a_o dog_n do_v upon_o a_o bone_n concern_v usury_n which_o the_o learned_a doctor_n felton_n now_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o doctor_n wilson_n the_o civilian_n have_v so_o plain_o expound_v in_o their_o two_o treatise_n of_o usury_n 44._o p._n 44._o shall_v we_o disallow_v hereof_o because_o one_o rabbi_n bechai_n do_v take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o bite_n or_o suck_v of_o a_o serpent_n the_o general_a trade_n all_o the_o world_n over_o be_v make_v by_o the_o rule_n and_o square_v of_o money_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la in_o all_o country_n where_o money_n be_v use_v to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o commodity_n now_o albeit_o that_o there_o be_v some_o country_n where_o they_o have_v no_o money_n but_o commodity_n be_v barter_v by_o way_n of_o commutation_n in_o kind_n shall_v we_o abandon_v therefore_o the_o general_a rule_n or_o institution_n of_o money_n and_o judge_v by_o the_o particular_a or_o exception_n absit_fw-la ignorantiâ—_n misselden_n do_v confess_v 20._o p._n 20._o that_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o man_n and_o man_n but_o exchange_n for_o money_n he_o utter_o deni_v to_o be_v so_o between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n this_o assume_v opinion_n of_o he_o by_o a_o certain_a chimaera_n swim_v in_o his_o brain_n may_v find_v some_o kind_n of_o entertainment_n in_o a_o weak_a man_n judgement_n if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o prohibit_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n but_o where_o money_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v carry_v out_o there_o must_v of_o necessity_n some_o other_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o answer_v the_o same_o unless_o we_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n in_o kind_n and_o then_o money_n will_v not_o be_v useful_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n this_o exchange_n for_o money_n can_v be_v otherwise_o but_o with_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o very_a value_n of_o the_o material_n whereof_o the_o money_n be_v make_v for_o we_o do_v not_o exchange_v for_o cockle_n shell_n so_o that_o the_o inward_a value_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n by_o weight_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o exchange_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v and_o consequent_o this_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n which_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v and_o to_o apply_v the_o common_a say_n 13._o p._n 13._o mendacem_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la memorem_fw-la by_o way_n of_o retortion_n his_o own_o argument_n like_a unto_o goliath_n sword_n will_v convince_v he_o and_o take_v away_o the_o breath_n of_o his_o wilful_a opinion_n for_o
and_o politic_a and_o the_o natural_a exchange_n he_o will_v not_o call_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la but_o value_n for_o value_n according_a to_o the_o inward_a finesse_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o assay_n and_o melt_a separate_v the_o pure_a from_o the_o impure_a the_o fine_a silver_n and_o gold_n from_o the_o allay_n or_o copper_n and_o herein_o be_v no_o other_o observation_n but_o look_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n you_o receive_v in_o one_o place_n just_a so_o much_o and_o no_o more_o you_o must_v pay_v and_o deliver_v in_o another_o place_n but_o you_o may_v not_o call_v this_o parity_n nor_o purity_n this_o say_v he_o be_v a_o better_a direction_n than_o limitation_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o you_o may_v understand_v how_o he_o be_v mistake_v suppose_v that_o the_o price_n of_o the_o currant_n exchange_n shall_v be_v limit_v and_o not_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o exchange_n upon_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o the_o many_o or_o few_o taker_n or_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v so_o that_o he_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o positive_a exchange_n and_o the_o currant_n exchange_n the_o positive_a exchange_n be_v proper_o the_o matter_n of_o state_n that_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n 99_o p._n 99_o as_o himself_o confess_v howbeit_o without_o any_o mystery_n therein_o it_o concern_v the_o king_n when_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o exchange_n his_o majesty_n affair_n of_o state_n and_o high_a concequence_n may_v be_v furnish_v with_o money_n in_o foreign_a part_n upon_o all_o occasion_n without_o exportation_n of_o any_o of_o his_o own_o treasure_n it_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o nobleman_n and_o tradesman_n include_v therein_o the_o clotheir_o be_v all_o subject_n in_o general_n here_o now_o he_o be_v full_o persuade_v to_o have_v speak_v both_o ingenous_o and_o effectual_o for_o present_o after_o like_o a_o silly_a hare_n he_o insult_v over_o a_o dead_a lion_n as_o the_o proverb_n be_v but_o we_o may_v say_v with_o the_o fox_n that_o find_v a_o dead_a man_n scull_n o_o quale_fw-la caput_fw-la &_o cerebrum_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la will_v any_o man_n of_o judgement_n commend_v this_o politic_a exchange_n to_o secure_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v a_o great_a loss_n to_o both_o by_o the_o abuse_n thereof_o in_o the_o deliver_v of_o money_n by_o exchange_n then_o by_o the_o transportation_n of_o the_o money_n inspecie_fw-la because_o when_o our_o money_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n the_o money_n be_v not_o only_o export_v but_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undersell_v by_o so_o much_o also_o and_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o money_n enhance_v put_v upon_o us._n if_o this_o man_n do_v hear_v i_o he_o will_v cry_v out_o 14._o p._n 14._o what_o be_v the_o man_n mad_a have_v he_o no_o less_o a_o crime_n to_o accuse_v our_o merchant_n of_o then_o ignorance_n as_o he_o do_v the_o kingdom_n of_o depudation_n i_o leave_v he_o and_o it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o state_n it_o be_v pity_v such_o stuff_n as_o this_o shall_v pass_v the_o press_n good_a sir_n have_v patience_n let_v not_o any_o strong_a imagination_n prevent_v your_o judgement_n tell_v i_o i_o pray_v you_o if_o the_o king_n or_o the_o nobility_n and_o all_o other_o man_n shall_v deliver_v money_n by_o exchange_n at_o so_o low_a a_o price_n under_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n that_o there_o be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o be_v get_v in_o a_o month_n time_n between_o the_o money_n inspecie_fw-la and_o by_o exchange_n whereby_o he_o that_o take_v the_o money_n have_v a_o ability_n give_v he_o to_o export_v that_o money_n by_o all_o secret_a conveyance_n to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n therewith_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o put_v the_o overplus_n of_o this_o incomparable_a gain_n into_o his_o purse_n do_v not_o you_o think_v that_o the_o money_n will_v be_v export_v by_o they_o that_o be_v the_o taker_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o kingdom_n lose_v the_o money_n and_o you_o that_o be_v the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n the_o benefit_n which_o they_o reap_v thereby_o which_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v you_o by_o just_a and_o true_a exchange_n be_v not_o the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n great_a loser_n hereby_o in_o deliver_v of_o their_o money_n hereunto_o he_o repli_v you_o be_v wide_a there_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n you_o mistake_v the_o business_n this_o can_v be_v prove_v it_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n to_o support_v that_o strange_a and_o perilous_a project_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr the_o foundation_n whereof_o i_o have_v root_v out_o 101._o p._n 101._o for_o by_o take_v that_o away_o all_o malines_n allegation_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n 76._o p._n 76._o it_o be_v but_o foppery_n and_o delusion_n proceed_v of_o a_o weak_a brain_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la imperito_fw-la nunquam_fw-la quic_fw-la quam_fw-la iniustius_fw-la qui_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la facit_fw-la nihil_fw-la rectum_fw-la putat_fw-la to_o this_o peremptory_a opinion_n i_o must_v join_v a_o peremptory_a issue_n and_o come_v to_o the_o proof_n put_v he_o nevertheless_o in_o mind_n that_o he_o do_v maintain_v that_o the_o low_a exchange_n for_o money_n be_v profitable_a for_o our_o merchant_n that_o be_v common_o the_o taker_n of_o money_n here_o in_o englaâ—d_n and_o so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o be_v deliverer_n now_o how_o a_o low_a exchange_n can_v be_v imagine_v without_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n i_o refer_v to_o his_o deep_a apprehension_n come_v we_o therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o prove_v this_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n and_o then_o such_o as_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o mountebank_n juggler_n or_o imposture_n of_o trade_n will_v be_v find_v out_o as_o easy_o by_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n 17._o p._n 17._o as_o the_o cu'man_n ass_n be_v wear_v the_o lion_n skin_n by_o the_o strange_a that_o have_v see_v a_o lion_n who_o know_v he_o by_o his_o ear_n and_o bray_a marvel_v not_o therefore_o that_o i_o have_v write_v of_o merchant_n law_n which_o be_v extol_v and_o not_o disgrace_v thereby_o or_o by_o such_o a_o fellow_n who_o will_v you_o to_o remember_v maximilian_n fool_n tell_v the_o emperor_n that_o if_o he_o will_v derive_v his_o pedigree_n from_o noah_n ark_n whereas_o now_o he_o reverence_v he_o like_o a_o god_n if_o he_o come_v once_o to_o the_o ark_n he_o shall_v be_v his_o fellow_n for_o he_o be_v sure_a that_o he_o also_o descend_v from_o thence_o this_o undervaluation_n be_v prove_v will_v verify_v the_o proverb_n who_o be_v the_o fool_n now_o and_o horace_n his_o crow_n will_v be_v find_v to_o have_v lose_v his_o cheese_n by_o too_o 144._o p._n 144._o much_o chatter_v or_o aesop_n dog_n his_o bone_n by_o too_o much_o gape_v which_o simile_n himself_o have_v use_v chap._n ii_o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v underuaul_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n from_o the_o north_n star_n of_o the_o arctic_a circle_n or_o pole_n we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n to_o entreat_v of_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n which_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v unto_o cancer_n the_o crab_n in_o go_v back_o for_o so_o do_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o these_o mean_n decay_v for_o we_o look_v one_o way_n and_o go_v another_o way_n like_o man_n that_o row_v on_o the_o water_n or_o like_a crab_n on_o the_o land_n we_o have_v observe_v heretofore_o that_o politition_n or_o statesman_n have_v note_v that_o the_o often_o compare_v of_o a_o thing_n unto_o his_o principle_n or_o original_a produce_v the_o long_a continuance_n show_v by_o digression_n how_o the_o same_o be_v decay_v and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n to_o reduce_v therefore_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n to_o the_o first_o institution_n may_v seem_v very_o necessary_a to_o explaime_v this_o important_a matter_n it_o be_v about_o 80._o year_n since_o that_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a exchange_n between_o england_n and_o the_o netherlands_o exchange_n equal_a exchange_n which_o in_o true_a value_n may_v be_v call_v positive_a and_o according_a to_o alteration_n in_o price_n currant_n at_o which_o time_n twenty_o shilling_n of_o their_o coin_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n starlin_n be_v alike_o in_o denomination_n that_o be_v to_o say_v be_v name_v all_o one_o in_o price_n &_o of_o intrinsique_n or_o inward_a value_n for_o their_o imperial_a royal_a of_o gold_n be_v value_v and_o go_v currant_n for_o ten_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o our_o angel_n
be_v value_v at_o ten_o shilling_n starlin_n be_v all_o of_o a_o goodness_n of_o gold_n in_o value_n which_o we_o call_v waight_n and_o finesse_n by_o the_o term_n of_o the_o mint_n so_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v value_v here_o at_o six_o shilling_n starlin_n exchange_n english_a &_o foreign_a coin_n all_o one_o in_o exchange_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o six_o shilling_n flemish_n be_v correspondent_a the_o philip_n doller_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o five_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o so_o be_v the_o edward_n crown_n of_o silucr_n five_o shilling_n starlin_n our_o ten_o groat_n be_v three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o emperor_n florin_n of_o twenty_o stivers_n and_o the_o flemish_a shilling_n of_o six_o stivers_n or_o twelve_o penny_n flemish_n be_v all_o one_o with_o our_o shilling_n or_o twelve_o penny_n starlin_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o starlin_n silver_n be_v value_v as_o five_o shilling_n for_o there_o be_v five_o piece_n or_o shilling_n make_v out_o of_o a_o ounce_n and_o although_o the_o standard_n of_o money_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o finesse_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o silver_n and_o gold_n yet_o the_o quantity_n in_o weight_n do_v answer_v and_o make_v good_a the_o same_o as_o for_o example_n the_o starlin_n standard_n be_v 11._o ounce_n 2._o d._n weight_n in_o fine_a silver_n in_o the_o 12_o ounce_n troy_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n make_v into_o 60_o s._n cause_v the_o ounce_n to_o be_v five_o shilling_n and_o the_o philip._n doller_n be_v but_o ten_o ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n in_o the_o like_a pound_n weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n troy_n be_v correspondent_a and_o currant_n for_o five_o shilling_n or_o the_o say_a pound_n be_v value_v at_o 60_o s._n this_o philip_n doller_n weigh_v 22_o penny_n weight_n which_o be_v two_o penny_n weight_n more_o than_o a_o ounce_n to_o answer_v our_o silver_n by_o the_o more_o weight_n of_o such_o silver_n as_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o we_o because_o it_o contain_v more_o allay_n or_o copper_n so_o that_o their_o inward_a value_n of_o silver_n be_v make_v by_o weight_n answerable_a and_o correspondent_a to_o we_o and_o so_o the_o name_n for_o the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n be_v name_v alike_o and_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v likewise_o name_v according_o whereby_o all_o fallacy_n concern_v the_o value_n of_o money_n and_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v exclude_v and_o then_o merchant_n to_o accommodate_v one_o another_o by_o exchange_n will_v give_v or_o deduct_v either_o 3_o d._n 4_o d._n or_o 6_o d._n or_o thereabouts_o upon_o the_o pound_n of_o our_o 20_o s._n or_o a_o penny_n or_o two_o penny_n upon_o the_o noble_a whereupon_o exchange_n be_v then_o common_o make_v to_o pay_v or_o receive_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a as_o they_o can_v agree_v in_o so_o much_o that_o 20_o s._n starlin_n have_v be_v give_v here_o to_o receive_v beyond_o the_o sea_n 19_o s._n 6_o d._n flemish_n by_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v give_v beyond_o sea_n to_o receive_v here_o 20_o s_o starlin_n according_a to_o the_o occasion_n of_o merchant_n from_o this_o equality_n or_o parity_n of_o exchange_n we_o be_v fall_v to_o very_o great_a inequality_n by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n whereby_o the_o price_n be_v there_o alter_v in_o name_n or_o denomination_n our_o money_n remain_v here_o at_o a_o stand_n and_o the_o standard_n of_o money_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n also_o remain_v unalter_a and_o so_o continue_v beyond_o the_o sea_n until_o this_o day_n albeit_o they_o have_v cause_v diverse_a new_a coin_n of_o other_o standard_n to_o be_v make_v since_o that_o time_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v hereafter_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o the_o silver_n coin_n do_v rule_v the_o market_n in_o all_o place_n because_o of_o the_o abundance_n thereof_o exchange_n silver_n coin_n do_v rule_v the_o market_n and_o exchange_n be_v 500_o to_o one_o of_o gold_n which_o cause_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o silver_n coin_n which_o overrule_v the_o coin_n of_o gold_n the_o first_o inequality_n creep_v in_o by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n be_v upon_o the_o philip_n doller_n which_o be_v come_v from_o 30_o stivers_n or_o 5_o s_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o 33_o and_o 35_o stivers_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n begin_v to_o alter_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1563_o and_o 1564_o which_o then_o be_v look_v into_o by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n according_a to_o the_o complaint_n of_o mr._n hussey_n their_o governor_n and_o that_o make_v they_o to_o make_v exchange_n upon_o our_o pound_n of_o 20_o s_o starlin_n at_o 22_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o 23_o s._n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o the_o say_a philip_n doller_n go_v currant_n for_o 36_o stivers_n or_o 6_o s_o flemish_n which_o be_v enhance_v full_a twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o four_o shilling_n upon_o twenty_o shilling_n whereby_o the_o parity_n of_o exchange_n be_v alter_v in_o name_n from_o 20_o to_o 24_o because_o that_o 24_o s_o with_o they_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o our_o 20_o s_o here_o be_v all_o one_o in_o value_n so_o that_o 500_o l_o starlin_n be_v correspondent_a or_o answerable_a to_o 600_o l_o flemish_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a valuation_n without_o any_o alteration_n of_o standard_n before_o that_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1567._o the_o burgundian_n rickx_n doller_n be_v coin_v in_o the_o empire_n for_o 32_o stivers_n lup_n or_o two_o mark_n lubish_n of_o 16_o shilling_n the_o mark_n so_o that_o then_o one_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o one_o stiver_n one_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o stivers_n all_o one_o be_v between_o germany_n and_o the_o netherlands_o all_o one_o in_o name_n as_o we_o have_v more_o ample_o declare_v in_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o from_o this_o position_n let_v we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o three_o several_a and_o infallible_a mean_n and_o therein_o observe_v the_o progress_n of_o valuation_n and_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o main_a place_n of_o trade_n first_o by_o the_o assay_n of_o money_n make_v in_o former_a time_n and_o the_o calculation_n of_o exchange_n make_v thereupon_o upon_o according_a to_o the_o price_n or_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o enhance_v with_o we_o in_o england_n second_o exchange_n three_o mean_n to_o prove_v the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o true_a calculation_n derive_v from_o the_o say_a assay_n and_o inhaunce_v of_o foreign_a coin_n as_o also_o of_o our_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o rule_n can_v fail_v so_o long_o as_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o money_n be_v not_o alter_v last_o by_o the_o trial_n of_o assay_n both_o of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a country_n late_o take_v concern_v both_o the_o premise_n by_o which_o three_o mean_n any_o man_n of_o judgement_n may_v perceive_v that_o the_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a mean_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n already_o prove_v concern_v the_o first_o it_o appear_v of_o record_n that_o in_o the_o say_a year_n 1575._o there_o be_v by_o order_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n &_o other_o of_o her_o majesty_n then_o privy_a council_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n diverse_a assay_n make_v of_o the_o money_n of_o sundry_a country_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o positive_a exchange_n be_v set_v down_o according_o whereof_o i_o have_v make_v this_o abstract_n for_o so_o much_o as_o make_v for_o the_o purpose_n the_o philip_n doller_n of_o 10._o ounce_n fine_a at_o 36._o stivers_n or_o 6._o s._n flemish_n make_v the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n 24._o s._n as_o aforesaid_a account_v 4_o dollar_n for_o the_o l._n the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o 10._o ounce_n 12._o penny_n weight_n at_o 32._o shilling_n lubish_n or_o stivers_n flemish_n make_v the_o say_v positive_a exchange_n to_o be_v 24._o s._n also_o country_n exchange_n at_o 14._o s._n at_o hamborough_n and_o the_o low_a country_n account_v four_o and_o a_o half_a doller_n for_o 20._o s._n starlin_n the_o rickx_n doller_n be_v enhance_v to_o 33._o shilling_n lubish_n make_v the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o one_o shilling_n more_o upon_o the_o 4._o price_n and_o a_o half_a to_o be_v at_o 24._o s._n 9_o d._n which_o contain_v for_o a_o long_a time_n at_o hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n in_o germany_n germany_n exchange_n at_o 24._o s._n 9d_o in_o germany_n and_o
enumeration_n of_o sundry_a signification_n of_o the_o same_o distinction_n definition_n of_o distinction_n with_o a_o apt_a application_n to_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n observe_v we_o the_o plain_a way_n to_o distinguish_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o say_a centre_n gain_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n for_o even_o as_o a_o spider_n have_v the_o best_a quality_n of_o feeling_n sit_v with_o the_o head_n downward_o in_o her_o circular_a web_n as_o the_o centre_n thereof_o to_o catch_v her_o live_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o her_o web_n even_o so_o have_v all_o man_n but_o most_o especial_o worling_n look_v down_o ward_n with_o the_o kite_n a_o action_n and_o feel_n of_o their_o benefit_n and_o gain_v which_o rule_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n in_o general_a by_o god_n direction_n to_o be_v observe_v therein_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o kingdom_n can_v proper_o decrease_v realm_n three_o mean_n to_o decrease_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n too_o dear_a and_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n inspecie_fw-la cause_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o manage_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o make_v three_o distinction_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n gentleman_n and_o traveller_n considerable_a three_o distinction_n considerable_a who_o be_v here_o deliverer_n of_o money_n to_o serve_v their_o occasion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o they_o be_v taker_n up_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o letter_n of_o credit_n to_o their_o great_a loss_n when_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v low_a or_o foreign_a coin_n be_v enhance_v or_o overvalue_v in_o exchange_n unto_o we_o as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o second_o distinction_n concern_v particular_a merchant_n who_o do_v make_v a_o private_a benefit_n by_o money_n and_o exchange_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o general_a wherein_o the_o say_v particular_a merchant_n do_v bear_v some_o loss_n unaware_o although_o they_o have_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o a_o disorder_a trade_n another_o way_n to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o distinguish_v it_o be_v demand_v 17._o p._n 17._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o merchant_n to_o seek_v their_o privatum_fw-la commodum_fw-la in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o call_n whether_o gain_n be_v not_o the_o end_n of_o trade_n and_o whether_o the_o private_a be_v not_o invalued_a in_o the_o public_a the_o answer_n be_v extant_a that_o albeit_o the_o general_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o particular_a 3._o maine_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 3._o yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o general_n shall_v receive_v a_o intolerable_a prejudice_n and_o loss_n by_o the_o particular_a benefit_n of_o some_o the_o opinion_n and_o council_n therefore_o in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n of_o some_o private_a merchant_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o suspicion_n and_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v to_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o trade_n which_o cause_v the_o wise_a man_n to_o say_v consult_v not_o with_o a_o merchant_n concern_v exchange_n 11._o ecclesiasticus_fw-la 37._o ver_fw-la 11._o the_o gain_n which_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o beneficial_a to_o some_o merchant_n in_o particular_a be_v these_o as_o follow_v english_a merchant_n be_v here_o the_o taker_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v a_o great_a gain_n when_o they_o take_v the_o same_o at_o a_o low_a exchange_n asgument_n pernicious_a asgument_n give_v less_o by_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d manner_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o give_v flemish_n or_o other_o money_n there_o to_o have_v here_o starlin_n money_n for_o it_o they_o be_v there_o common_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n so_o that_o a_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n by_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o merchant_n and_o to_o maintain_v this_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v export_v more_o money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n into_o foreign_a part_n if_o english_a merchant_n do_v not_o take_v the_o say_a money_n by_o exchange_n and_o that_o at_o a_o low_a price_n whereby_o the_o english_a merchant_n become_v a_o gainer_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n a_o loose_a again_o if_o a_o equal_a exchange_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o money_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o we_o then_o can_v not_o english_a merchant_n sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n so_o good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o undersell_v other_o nation_n cast_v their_o calculation_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v according_a to_o the_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n also_o if_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v high_a beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n can_v not_o make_v such_o gain_n by_o the_o royal_n of_o 8_o which_o they_o transport_v thither_o make_v return_n of_o the_o proceed_v of_o they_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n to_o their_o great_a benefit_n of_o 25_o per_fw-la cento_fw-la where_o they_o can_v make_v here_o but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n merchant_n can_v not_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n at_o the_o price_n they_o now_o do_v and_o return_v the_o value_n thereof_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n from_o thence_o or_o take_v up_o the_o same_o here_o give_v so_o little_a by_o exchange_n there_o english_a merchant_n buy_v here_o cloth_n upon_o their_o credit_n and_o sell_v the_o same_o beyond_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o good_a gain_n to_o return_v their_o money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n to_o pay_v the_o seller_n of_o the_o cloth_n with_o his_o own_o &_o so_o trade_v without_o stock_n be_v instrument_n to_o sell_v the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n if_o the_o exchange_n be_v not_o low_a under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o standard_n merchant_n can_v not_o make_v a_o great_a benefit_n by_o take_v up_o money_n here_o be_v he_o either_o english_a or_o stranger_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o to_o pay_v their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o reserve_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n for_o their_o benefit_n neither_o can_v they_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n upon_o long_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o transport_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o seller_n at_o the_o say_a time_n all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o maintain_v the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n equity_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n &_o equity_n which_o must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o true_a rule_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n which_o require_v a_o equal_a valuation_n in_o exchange_n or_o a_o advantage_n over_o and_o above_o to_o accommodate_v the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o underualuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v intolerable_a and_o that_o this_o gain_n procure_v to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o profitable_a to_o particular_a merchant_n be_v to_o be_v abolish_v the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o sell_v of_o our_o cloth_n good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o great_a quantity_n when_o merchant_n have_v beat_v down_o the_o price_n with_o the_o clothier_n whereby_o the_o clothier_n be_v force_v to_o do_v the_o like_a with_o the_o woolegrower_n which_o disimprove_v the_o revinew_n of_o land_n but_o the_o merchant_n employ_v the_o lesser_a stock_n and_o have_v not_o therefore_o the_o less_o benefit_n the_o woolegrower_n and_o the_o clothier_n bear_v the_o loss_n beside_o other_o private_a deal_n of_o merchant_n which_o be_v error_n of_o trade_n declare_v in_o out_o former_a treatise_n p._n 75_o 76._o the_o three_o distinction_n concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v now_o to_o be_v examine_v by_o way_n of_o antithesis_fw-la or_o conterpoint_v show_v how_o gain_n do_v command_v and_o direct_v trade_n in_o the_o say_v three_o simples_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n which_o overrule_v the_o other_o two_o whereby_o the_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o native_a commodity_n in_o price_n be_v procure_v and_o this_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o contrary_a if_o it_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n inconvenience_n arise_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n upon_o the_o pound_n of_o xx_o shilling_n for_o the_o main_a place_n of_o trade_n first_o when_o our_o
money_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n whereby_o there_o arise_v a_o gain_n between_o the_o inward_a value_n of_o the_o money_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n then_o be_v our_o money_n continual_o export_v into_o foreign_a part_n for_o the_o like_a gain_n can_v never_o be_v make_v by_o any_o commodity_n 2_o this_o exportation_n of_o money_n cause_v not_o only_o the_o less_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o return_v in_o foreign_a ware_n but_o take_v away_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n and_o give_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o overballance_v of_o commodity_n 3_o the_o say_a undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v the_o like_a and_o cause_v our_o native_a commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o they_o even_o as_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o foreign_a ware_n to_o be_v advance_v in_o price_n according_a as_o the_o say_a money_n be_v enhance_v whereby_o the_o say_v overballance_v must_v needs_o come_v to_o pass_v of_o course_n 4_o it_o do_v hinder_v the_o importation_n of_o bullion_n and_o dollar_n from_o the_o say_a place_n of_o trade_n which_o we_o have_v have_v in_o time_n past_a for_o the_o say_v inhaunce_v coin_n not_o be_v true_o value_v by_o exchange_n can_v be_v import_v but_o to_o a_o exceed_a loss_n and_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v not_o take_v the_o same_o at_o a_o low_a exchange_n so_o that_o our_o merchant_n be_v compel_v to_o make_v their_o return_n by_o foreign_a commodity_n thereby_o great_o increase_v the_o say_v overballance_v of_o trade_n 5_o young_a english_a merchant_n be_v constrain_v to_o take_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o say_a money_n at_o a_o low_a exchange_n to_o maintain_v their_o rechange_n to_o their_o loss_n or_o else_o must_v make_v quick_a sale_n of_o their_o commodity_n whereby_o they_o spoil_v the_o market_n of_o other_o which_o cause_v they_o to_o set_v over_o their_o bill_n obligatory_a receive_v for_o their_o clothes_n sell_v there_o either_o for_o money_n to_o pay_v the_o money_n take_v up_o here_o by_o exchange_n or_o for_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n by_o the_o say_v enhance_v money_n and_o otherwise_o which_o can_v but_o breed_v a_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n 6_o the_o say_v low_a exchange_n whereby_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n make_v a_o diversion_n of_o the_o royal_n of_o 8_o unto_o to_o those_o part_n find_v there_o more_o gain_v when_o they_o can_v make_v over_o their_o money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n do_v also_o divert_v from_o we_o a_o great_a trade_n by_o such_o employment_n as_o be_v make_v there_o upon_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o bay_n say_v and_o other_o new_a drapery_n make_v in_o those_o part_n which_o may_v be_v employ_v upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o can_v this_o negotiation_n be_v without_o argument_v of_o the_o say_v overballance_v 7_o if_o by_o occasion_n or_o accident_n money_n or_o bullion_n be_v impotted_a which_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o will_v be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n to_o our_o merchant_n and_o so_o by_o they_o employ_v upon_o our_o commodity_n if_o the_o say_a be_v high_a or_o indiffetent_a it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o say_v money_n or_o bullion_n be_v export_v again_o by_o other_o merchant_n which_o bring_v in_o foreign_a ware_n for_o it_o for_o gain_v still_o bear_v the_o sway_n thus_o by_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n as_o it_o be_v by_o forcible_a mean_n of_o course_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n by_o a_o false_a measure_n of_o exchange_n to_o our_o loss_n trade_n the_o cause_n of_o overballance_v and_o decay_n of_o trade_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o by_o convert_n their_o enhanced_a coin_n into_o starlin_n money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o continual_a exportation_n of_o our_o money_n afford_v such_o great_a gain_n and_o be_v debar_v to_o bring_v in_o money_n because_o of_o the_o loss_n have_v thereby_o be_v our_o trade_n decay_v and_o will_v be_v so_o although_o there_o be_v no_o more_o ware_n in_o christendom_n for_o these_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o overballance_v whereby_o the_o realm_n be_v impoverish_v which_o shall_v be_v more_o ample_o declare_v sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tâ—ll_fw-la itur_fw-la effectus_fw-la now_o albeit_o that_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o do_v produce_v the_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v more_o intelligible_a in_o this_o place_n let_v we_o declare_v the_o same_o benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o the_o true_a valuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n to_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a inconvenience_n first_o trade_n mean_v to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o to_o restore_v trade_n when_o the_o exchange_n do_v answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n than_o there_o be_v no_o gain_n to_o be_v make_v by_o exportation_n which_o be_v prevent_v thereby_o 2_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n be_v prevent_v will_v cause_v the_o great_a employment_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n either_o by_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o by_o english_a merchant_n to_o who_o the_o stranger_n will_v deliver_v his_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o by_o the_o exportation_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o gain_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v expect_v the_o taker_n of_o it_o by_o which_o plenty_n of_o money_n there_o will_v be_v a_o lively_a trade_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o overballance_v will_v diminsh_fw-mi 3_o the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n or_o above_o be_v answer_v by_o a_o high_a exchange_n cause_v merchant_n stranger_n to_o sell_v their_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n whereby_o the_o overballance_a must_v needs_o decrease_v of_o course_n 4_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n be_v meet_v withal_o and_o calculate_v in_o exchange_n cause_v money_n and_o bullion_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n without_o loss_n and_o most_o time_n with_o gain_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o little_a disadvantage_n because_o our_o merchant_n will_v rather_o than_o to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n dear_a have_v their_o money_n ready_a to_o be_v employ_v again_o â—_o this_o do_v also_o meet_v with_o the_o say_v over_o balance_v 5_o young_a english_a merchant_n which_o be_v taker_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v receive_v more_o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n there_o and_o find_v plenty_n of_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o make_v rash_a sale_n or_o barter_n to_o their_o loss_n and_o hindrance_n of_o other_o which_o will_v also_o moderate_v the_o say_v over_o balance_v 6_o when_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v their_o royal_n of_o 8_o or_o the_o money_n receive_v for_o they_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n require_v by_o a_o just_a and_o lawful_a exchange_n then_o they_o will_v find_v no_o more_o gain_v there_o then_o here_o which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o import_v the_o say_a royal_n here_o where_o the_o inward_a value_n will_v be_v answer_v unto_o they_o &_o the_o divert_a trade_n by_o these_o mean_n will_v return_v into_o england_n to_o employ_v the_o say_a royal_n or_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o upon_o our_o bay_n say_v and_o other_o drapery_n which_o of_o course_n will_v qualify_v the_o say_a overballance_v 7_o thus_o money_n and_o bullion_n will_v then_o be_v import_v by_o a_o necessity_n of_o nature_n beyond_o all_o resistance_n and_o the_o dollar_n royal_n of_o 8_o and_o other_o coin_n bring_v in_o upon_o occasion_n or_o accidental_o will_v remain_v within_o the_o realm_n when_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o gain_n by_o the_o exportation_n because_o this_o true_a exchange_n rise_v and_o fall_v nevertheless_o above_o the_o value_n and_o not_o under_o will_v answer_v the_o say_a value_n and_o prevent_v that_o gain_n which_o be_v now_o procure_v in_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o lewd_a person_n so_o that_o by_o compare_v the_o precedent_a benefit_n with_o the_o former_a inconvenience_n comparison_n a_o application_n of_o the_o comparison_n every_o man_n of_o judgement_n may_v easy_o see_v how_o hurtful_a the_o low_a exchange_n and_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a how_o beneficial_a the_o true_a valuation_n or_o high_a exchange_n will_v be_v concur_v with_o equity_n and_o true_a policy_n whereupon_o
our_o overballance_a increase_v for_o when_o more_o commodâ—â—â—_n be_v import_v than_o the_o kingdom_n spend_v 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v export_v again_o for_o other_o place_n and_o otâ—â—â—_n commodity_n be_v import_v again_o for_o the_o retuâ—â—_n thereof_o to_o augment_v the_o say_a overballance_n nayâ—â—_n force_v we_o to_o wear_v more_o foreign_a ware_n through_o the_o abundance_n of_o it_o and_o to_o neglect_v the_o use_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n but_o say_v he_o 123._o p._n 123._o the_o form_n will_v illustrate_v this_o conceit_a course_n of_o balance_n tota_n sensus_fw-la quot_fw-la capita_fw-la as_o many_o mind_n as_o man_n every_o man_n abound_v in_o his_o own_o sense_n a_o marvellous_a ground_a rule_n to_o build_v upon_o where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o cannon_n must_v we_o needs_o sail_v between_o scylla_n and_o charibays_n of_o a_o uncertain_a balance_n without_o a_o parallel_n uncertainty_n absurd_a to_o admit_v such_o uncertainty_n when_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o centre_n do_v direct_v we_o in_o the_o very_a negotiation_n and_o nothing_o can_v be_v direct_v unto_o we_o by_o this_o balance_n without_o the_o say_a centre_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o this_o balance_n do_v consist_v of_o many_o particular_n whereby_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o understanding_n as_o conclusion_n be_v from_o order_n first_o this_o balance_n can_v be_v certain_o prescribe_v by_o one_o year_n time_n realm_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o certain_a or_o limit_a time_n for_o sometime_o and_o that_o unexpected_a some_o east_n india_n ship_n or_o other_o rich_a lade_n may_v come_v in_o or_o the_o spice_n and_o other_o good_n already_o come_v in_o and_o to_o be_v export_v be_v not_o carry_v out_o when_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o balance_n be_v make_v second_o for_o money_n secret_o export_v the_o return_n in_o commodity_n may_v be_v yet_o to_o come_v or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o gain_n have_v by_o interest_n money_n or_o exchange_n it_o need_v never_o to_o return_v for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n as_o also_o for_o money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n to_o be_v employ_v upon_o commodity_n and_o other_o mean_n whereof_o the_o balance_n can_v be_v sensible_a not_o come_v to_o be_v balance_v three_o the_o profit_n make_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n as_o also_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o the_o charge_n be_v incertain_a both_o in_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o importation_n of_o the_o other_o which_o he_o bring_v upon_o the_o balance_n by_o estimate_n and_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a four_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v not_o underrate_v by_o one_o three_o part_n in_o the_o custom_n book_n in_o comparison_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n five_o the_o fine_a good_n secret_o convey_v inward_o more_o than_o outward_o by_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a be_v but_o a_o supposition_n six_o the_o payment_n of_o custom_n be_v uncertain_a and_o the_o conceal_n of_o custom_n come_v to_o be_v twenty_o for_o one_o in_o the_o calculation_n make_v the_o account_n to_o be_v most_o incertain_a seventh_o and_o last_o there_o may_v be_v so_o much_o get_v by_o commodity_n export_v &_o retransport_v and_o for_o that_o gain_n foreign_a commodity_n bring_v in_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o overballance_n when_o it_o be_v not_o the_o premise_n consider_v what_o centre_n be_v there_o in_o this_o balance_n be_v it_o not_o like_a unto_o those_o great_a balloon_n that_o man_n play_v with_o all_o fill_v with_o wind_n for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o solid_a substance_n 126._o p._n 126._o but_o all_o be_v conjectural_a and_o immaginary_a neither_o be_v it_o practise_v by_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n as_o he_o untrue_o allege_v for_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v careful_a to_o augment_v trade_n by_o increase_v of_o their_o manufacture_n and_o 〈◊〉_d sell_v they_o to_o benefit_n as_o also_o to_o make_v their_o territorâ—â—â—_n as_o it_o be_v magazine_n for_o all_o commodity_n exchange_n gain_v to_o be_v procure_v by_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n and_o as_o they_o get_v by_o commodity_n so_o do_v they_o also_o by_o money_n and_o exchange_n which_o can_v but_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a we_o all_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v a_o overballance_n which_o must_v be_v remede_v by_o the_o redress_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o by_o the_o study_n of_o balance_n which_o demonstrate_v little_a in_o truth_n and_o certainty_n but_o much_o in_o imaginâ—â—â—_n on_o and_o conceit_n it_o be_v gain_n that_o bear_v the_o sway_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o necessary_a to_o tautologize_v and_o to_o repeat_v thing_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o they_o produce_v fearful_a effect_n we_o feel_v they_o we_o complain_v of_o they_o and_o woeful_a experience_n show_v unto_o we_o that_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o reform_v they_o for_o abyssus_n abyssâ—â—_n invocat_fw-la by_o the_o aforesaid_a distinction_n every_o man_n of_o understanding_n can_v discern_v the_o particular_a &_o private_a gain_n from_o the_o general_a benefit_n whereby_o he_o may_v the_o better_o perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o misseldens_n objection_n he_o say_v 108._o p._n 108._o the_o high_a the_o exchange_n be_v in_o england_n the_o more_o loss_n be_v it_o to_o the_o taker_n and_o the_o more_o gain_n to_o the_o deliverer_n object_n 1._o object_n which_o be_v the_o merchant_n stranger_n again_o the_o high_a the_o exchange_n be_v in_o dutchland_n the_o more_o loss_n to_o the_o deliver_v and_o gain_v to_o the_o taker_n which_o be_v likewise_o there_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o this_o he_o declare_v by_o example_n this_o objection_n be_v the_o first_o pernicious_a argument_n note_v in_o this_o chapter_n which_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n require_v equality_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o true_a exchange_n for_o the_o general_a good_a as_o before_o be_v demonstrate_v the_o absurdity_n of_o which_o objection_n let_v we_o now_o declare_v suppose_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v still_o at_o even_a money_n as_o it_o be_v about_o 80_o year_n past_a as_o have_v be_v declare_v namely_o at_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o with_o we_o which_o be_v a_o low_a exchange_n upon_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n a_o merchant_n stranger_n sell_v here_o his_o foreign_a commodity_n buy_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o enhanced_a coin_n find_v this_o low_a exchange_n to_o make_v his_o return_n by_o will_v resolve_v either_o to_o buy_v our_o commodity_n or_o to_o export_v our_o money_n for_o by_o this_o low_a exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o very_a great_a loser_n so_o that_o our_o english_a merchant_n shall_v find_v no_o money_n to_o be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n to_o make_v their_o ready_a employment_n upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v buy_v they_o or_o else_o the_o money_n will_v be_v convey_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n which_o as_o it_o be_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o realm_n so_o be_v it_o to_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o particular_a who_o may_v have_v employ_v the_o same_o so_o then_o è_fw-la contrario_fw-la the_o low_a the_o exchange_n be_v in_o england_n the_o less_o money_n answ._n 1._o answ._n be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n unto_o english_a merchant_n and_o the_o more_o be_v the_o trade_n drive_v into_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n hand_n as_o also_o the_o more_o money_n be_v export_v again_o the_o low_a that_o the_o exchange_n be_v in_o dutchland_n the_o less_o money_n be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n there_o and_o the_o more_o 〈…〉_o be_v import_v both_o by_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n which_o bring_v a_o overballance_a and_o increase_v the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o be_v also_o a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o importation_n because_o their_o money_n be_v enhance_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o one_o extremity_n enforce_v another_o what_o be_v now_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o rather_o particular_a the_o general_a benefit_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o particular_a which_o of_o these_o extreme_n shall_v take_v place_n the_o one_o contern_v the_o general_a welfare_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o other_o concern_v private_a merchant_n shall_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n be_v prefer_v whereby_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v enrich_v and_o the_o private_a be_v abolish_v which_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n yes_o questionless_a but_o this_o reformation_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n object_n 2d_o object_n threaten_v the_o decay_n of_o cloth_n trade_n for_o the_o exchange_n be_v that_o 109._o p._n 109._o which_o represent_v to_o our_o english_a merchant_n his_o whole_a estate_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o his_o ready_a use_n and_o employment_n thereof_o in_o england_n upon_o all_o occasion_n so_o that_o if_o there_o shall_v
conclusion_n in_o the_o government_n of_o state-affair_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o mere_a novice_n but_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v brief_a and_o substantial_a to_o end_v therefore_o this_o matter_n of_o balance_n it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o some_o man_n will_v be_v seduce_v thereby_o 52._o discourse_v of_o the_o east_n india_n trade_n by_o t._n m._n p._n 49._o 52._o and_o give_v bridle_n to_o the_o present_a course_n of_o trade_n expect_v a_o overballance_n to_o happen_v on_o our_o side_n without_o remove_v of_o the_o cause_n after_o they_o have_v speak_v well_o concern_v exchange_n although_o they_o confess_v to_o be_v a_o ground_n as_o a_o matter_n much_o too_o high_a for_o their_o handle_n say_v that_o the_o abuse_n thereof_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a unto_o this_o kingdom_n in_o particular_a whilst_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o benefit_n do_v arise_v unto_o other_o country_n who_o diligent_o observe_v the_o price_n whereby_o the_o money_n be_v exchange_v may_v take_v advantage_n to_o carry_v away_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o this_o realm_n at_o those_o time_n when_o the_o rate_n of_o our_o starlin_n money_n in_o exchange_n be_v under_o the_o value_n of_o that_o standard_n unto_o which_o place_n they_o be_v convey_v for_o in_o respect_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o or_o deliver_v out_o the_o exchange_n be_v hereby_o rather_o become_v a_o trade_n for_o some_o great_a moneyed_a man_n than_o a_o furtherance_n and_o accommodation_n of_o recall_v trade_n of_o merchant_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o true_a use_n thereof_o and_o thus_o many_o time_n money_n may_v be_v make_v over_o hither_o by_o stranger_n to_o a_o good_a gain_n and_o present_o carry_v beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o a_o second_o profit_n and_o yet_o the_o mischief_n end_v not_o here_o for_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n in_o foreign_a country_n must_v necessary_o drive_v a_o trade_n to_o those_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o draw_v their_o money_n and_o so_o do_v fill_v we_o up_o with_o foreign_a commodity_n without_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o ware_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o the_o overballance_n of_o commodity_n be_v proceed_v from_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n which_o over-rule_v money_n and_o money_n over-rule_v commodity_n as_o heretofore_o be_v manifest_o declare_v that_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n overballance_a vnderualuation_n of_o our_o money_n inexchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a do_v appear_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n depend_v one_o upon_o another_o enforce_v by_o this_o primum-mobill_a as_o follow_v 1._o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n 2._o proceed_v of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o cause_v 3._o by_o gain_n the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4._o and_o debar_v by_o loss_n to_o be_v sustain_v the_o importation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n 5._o hinder_v also_o the_o bring_n of_o royal_n of_o 8._o unto_o we_o be_v otherwise_o diver_v 6._o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o money_n enhance_v 7._o the_o native_a commodity_n be_v in_o price_n undervalue_v according_a to_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v fearful_a effect_n for_o the_o treasure_n be_v exhaunce_v the_o realm_n impoverish_v and_o money_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n and_o this_o can_v be_v cure_v but_o by_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o remedy_n hitherto_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o manifest_o prove_v first_o that_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o england_n and_o all_o place_n where_o we_o deal_v by_o exchange_n second_o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n and_o three_o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o say_a underualuation_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o withal_o we_o have_v show_v that_o 〈◊〉_d conceit_a balance_n of_o trade_n propose_v by_o misselden_n can_v be_v but_o a_o trial_n and_o discovery_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n without_o that_o it_o can_v produce_v any_o other_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o his_o last_o balance_n we_o may_v perceive_v that_o all_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o the_o commodity_n import_v yearly_a do_v amount_v unto_o five_o million_o or_o fifty_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n according_a to_o our_o observation_n in_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n now_o if_o the_o loss_n by_o exchange_n be_v but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o which_o we_o have_v prove_v above_o threescore_o and_o ten_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a 37._o p._n 37._o the_o loss_n whereof_o be_v great_a to_o the_o kingdom_n than_o all_o the_o money_n employ_v to_o the_o east_n indies_n come_v unto_o loss_n a_o incredible_a loss_n which_o misselden_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o abominable_a untrueth_n which_o i_o can_v but_o retort_v upon_o he_o because_o he_o be_v unfortunate_a to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o plain_a in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n for_o he_o be_v in_o league_n with_o equivocation_n in_o all_o his_o refutation_n which_o challenge_v to_o be_v cusen_n german_n to_o truth_n make_v his_o speech_n a_o centaur_n half_o a_o man_n half_o a_o horse_n or_o like_o one_o of_o the_o brood_n of_o nilus_n half_a earth_n half_a frog_n a_o thing_n both_o shapeless_a and_o shape_v in_o one_o mixture_n which_o it_o thus_o distinguish_v by_o the_o equinoctial_a in_o this_o place_n chap._n four_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n into_o other_o country_n the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n be_v the_o four_o zone_n or_o girdle_n by_o our_o distribution_n be_v to_o underprop_v and_o sustain_v by_o the_o gain_n of_o trade_n the_o say_a centre_n or_o gain_n within_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n not_o by_o a_o absolute_a power_n to_o be_v leave_v unto_o merchant_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o trade_n or_o in_o the_o dispose_n of_o money_n commodity_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n but_o by_o a_o direction_n ground_v upon_o law_n ordinance_n and_o proclamation_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o state_n affair_n merchant_n be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o do_v only_o study_v for_o private_a benefit_n so_o that_o they_o must_v have_v leader_n and_o conductor_n whereunto_o buck_n and_o goat_n have_v be_v compare_v in_o time_n past_a lead_v the_o silly_a sheep_n to_o feed_v in_o mountainous_a place_n to_o prove_v therefore_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n or_o invention_n of_o i_o as_o misselden_n allege_v let_v we_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o follow_a observation_n before_o our_o intend_a examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o foreign_a tradeâ—_n it_o be_v near_o 350._o year_n since_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o do_v erect_v the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n exchange_n ancient_a office_n of_o exchange_n which_o do_v continue_v successive_o by_o 16_o several_a letter_n patent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o money_n be_v preserve_v within_o the_o same_o and_o the_o commodity_n be_v orderly_o vent_v &_o the_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v then_o unknown_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o do_v constitute_v diverse_a exchange_n 7._o 9_o e._n 3._o 7._o in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o cause_v table_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o donor_n and_o elsewhere_o to_o answer_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n in_o the_o coin_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o it_o beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o very_a value_n with_o some_o allowance_n to_o be_v give_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n affair_n and_o traveller_n occasion_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o richard_n the_o second_o 2._o 5._o r._n 2._o 2._o and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 6._o 2._o h._n 6._o 6._o then_o use_v and_o continue_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o and_o edward_n the_o four_o 16._o 4._o e._n 4._o 16._o but_o more_o especial_o by_o that_o wise_a and_o politic_a prince_n 6._o 2._o h._n 6._o 6._o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o 6._o 3._o h._n 7._o 6._o absolute_o forbid_v the_o make_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_n for_o foreign_a part_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a licence_n have_v and_o obtain_v for_o the_o same_o to_o which_o end_n all_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v the_o direct_n and_o order_v of_o
right_n honourable_a lionel_n baron_fw-fr cranfield_n earl_n of_o middlesex_n be_v lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n who_o name_n misselden_n have_v omit_v in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a for_o his_o lordship_n have_v knowledge_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n be_v better_a enable_v to_o advance_v this_o important_a matter_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o this_o time_n can_v entertain_v good_a thing_n wherein_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confident_a because_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o his_o high_a wisdom_n be_v desirous_a to_o be_v inform_v hereof_o by_o the_o lord_n vizcount_v mandevill_n lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n who_o call_v by_o his_o majesty_n commandment_n unto_o he_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n ralph_n maddyson_n knight_n m_o r._n john_n williams_n his_o majesty_n goldsmith_n m_o r._n william_n sanderson_n merchant_n adventurer_n and_o myself_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n 1622_o deliver_v to_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o remonstrance_n make_v by_o we_o exchange_n a_o report_n touch_v exchange_n contain_v in_o substance_n that_o have_v examine_v the_o nature_n of_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n how_o it_o go_v in_o the_o elder_n and_o evener_n time_n and_o how_o it_o be_v now_o carry_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o will_v be_v the_o best_a mean_n to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o former_a equity_n and_o parity_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la we_o do_v find_v that_o this_o equal_a and_o ancient_a rule_n be_v break_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n whereby_o in_o effect_n we_o exchange_v part_n of_o the_o intrinsicque_n value_n of_o our_o money_n for_o their_o outward_a denomination_n or_o valuation_n and_o that_o the_o redress_n of_o this_o unequal_a exchange_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n may_v be_v do_v by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n without_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o money_n at_o home_n or_o meddle_v with_o the_o finesse_n or_o allay_v thereof_o in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o therein_o be_v declare_v and_o hereafter_o express_v according_a to_o our_o former_a declaration_n in_o print_n both_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n and_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la wherein_o gain_v the_o centre_n have_v a_o predominant_a power_n and_o hereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o i_o have_v not_o forget_v cato_n his_o lesson_n ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la non_fw-la accesseris_fw-la antequam_fw-la uâ—ceris_fw-la neither_o be_o i_o so_o audacious_a and_o unmannerly_a as_o misselden_n will_v proclaim_v i_o to_o the_o world_n he_o have_v need_n of_o a_o leather_n case_n for_o his_o tongue_n that_o in_o all_o his_o circle_n sup_v up_o such_o hot_a broth_n 17._o p._n 17._o contra_fw-la verbosos_fw-la noli_fw-la contendere_fw-la verbis_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o examine_v now_o the_o centre_n gain_n in_o every_o particular_a trade_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o foreign_a part_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o song_n of_o four_o part_n so_o term_v by_o misselden_n 52._o p._n 52._o and_o answer_v most_o of_o his_o satyrike_a speech_n with_o merry_a conceit_n which_o may_v prove_v harmonious_a to_o the_o wise_a but_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v extrevagant_a let_v it_o be_v attribute_v to_o this_o region_n of_o capricorn_n where_o corneited_a beast_n will_v be_v skip_v the_o voice_n of_o his_o song_n be_v of_o stranger_n of_o the_o stapler_n of_o the_o interlooper_n and_o of_o the_o port_n and_o the_o poor_a merchant_n aduenturor_n be_v make_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o song_n 49._o p._n 49._o on_o who_o i_o do_v endeavour_n as_o he_o say_v to_o lay_v a_o tacite_fw-la and_o secret_a aspersion_n of_o which_o he_o make_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o informer_n a_o sycophant_n be_v take_v for_o a_o flatterer_n of_o the_o greek_a word_n sycos_n which_o signify_v a_o fig_n for_o the_o king_n in_o time_n past_a do_v so_o much_o esteem_v that_o fruit_n as_o prince_n do_v now_o their_o deer_n and_o such_o promouter_n as_o give_v information_n of_o the_o take_n of_o fig_n be_v so_o call_v which_o agree_v with_o we_o howsoever_o i_o hope_v that_o his_o song_n will_v be_v a_o recantation_n of_o his_o error_n as_o all_o good_a patriot_n ought_v to_o do_v albeâ—t_v he_o may_v perhaps_o for_o a_o time_n recantare_fw-la that_o be_v sing_v it_o over_o again_o humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la sed_fw-la perseverare_fw-la diabolicum_fw-la as_o i_o will_v not_o scatter_v any_o society_n or_o corporation_n in_o that_o which_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o have_v i_o forbear_v to_o speak_v that_o which_o nevertheless_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o that_o worthy_a councillor_n and_o secretary_n of_o state_n sir_n francis_n walsingham_n touch_v corporation_n where_o the_o absolute_a dispose_n of_o the_o trade_n be_v leave_v unto_o they_o without_o the_o prince_n his_o guide_n and_o direction_n for_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n all_o my_o writing_n be_v emblazon_v with_o the_o praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o merchant_n albeit_o misselden_n go_v about_o to_o make_v i_o distasteful_a in_o pervert_v or_o misconstrue_v of_o they_o after_o his_o manner_n especial_o that_o i_o will_v have_v the_o indrape_n of_o our_o wool_n to_o be_v do_v in_o foreign_a part_n which_o he_o can_v never_o prove_v neither_o will_v i_o make_v any_o other_o answer_n in_o defence_n thereof_o then_o be_v make_v already_o for_o it_o be_v record_v that_o he_o who_o will_v make_v a_o great_a fire_n continual_o must_v rake_v together_o much_o mean_a fuel_n and_o he_o that_o will_v be_v always_o shake_v the_o spleen_n of_o other_o must_v have_v as_o this_o man_n have_v much_o curiosity_n more_o word_n and_o most_o lie_v his_o face_n must_v be_v as_o hard_a as_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o tortis_fw-la his_o tongue_n as_o sharp_a as_o the_o quill_n of_o a_o procerpine_n his_o heart_n as_o unclean_a as_o the_o stable_a of_o augnis_n before_o hercules_n bring_v in_o the_o river_n alpheus_n to_o cleanse_v it_o he_o say_v that_o the_o state_n have_v be_v abuse_v by_o information_n that_o the_o dutch_a can_v not_o subsist_v without_o our_o english_a cloth_n 51._o p._n 51._o there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o thing_n in_o my_o writing_n neither_o do_v i_o ever_o stand_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o our_o wool_n but_o i_o do_v insist_v upon_o two_o principal_a point_n concern_v the_o sale_n of_o cloth_n cloth_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o our_o cloth_n which_o be_v that_o other_o nation_n buy_v heretofore_o our_o clothes_n when_o they_o be_v sell_v dear_a by_o the_o one_o half_a in_o price_n than_o they_o be_v now_o sell_v do_v never_o complain_v that_o the_o clothes_n be_v sell_v too_o dear_a but_o they_o do_v always_o complain_v of_o the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n and_o again_o that_o other_o nation_n be_v as_o willing_a to_o sell_v unto_o we_o their_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o we_o can_v be_v to_o sell_v our_o clothes_n to_o they_o for_o those_o that_o make_v clothes_n in_o their_o country_n have_v no_o occasion_n to_o buy_v foreign_a ware_n or_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n but_o seek_v to_o sell_v they_o for_o ready_a money_n or_o to_o be_v pay_v at_o some_o time_n of_o payment_n whereby_o england_n have_v a_o great_a advantage_n and_o may_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o in_o sell_v their_o cloth_n with_o reputation_n which_o be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o request_n and_o cause_v commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o good_a rate_n whereas_o vilify_a the_o price_n of_o ware_n can_v never_o establish_v a_o trade_n nor_o make_v commodity_n more_o vendible_a and_o this_o require_v great_a consideration_n that_o one_o man_n which_o malynes_n out_n of_o malice_n pick_v and_o point_n at_o be_v indeed_o a_o ample_a trader_n in_o colour_v cloth_n but_o not_o in_o kersey_n yet_o so_o as_o there_o be_v very_o many_o other_o of_o the_o company_n that_o be_v also_o trader_n in_o colour_a cloth_n as_o well_o as_o he_o have_v not_o this_o man_n be_v one_o of_o his_o supporter_n by_o who_o mouth_n his_o pen_n speak_v i_o will_v have_v imagine_v that_o he_o have_v be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o butus_n and_o have_v consult_v with_o the_o oracle_n of_o latonâ—_n where_o those_o that_o sleep_n before_o her_o image_n can_v make_v a_o prediction_n by_o the_o first_o word_n of_o they_o that_o next_o meet_v they_o euterpe_n herodotus_n in_o euterpe_n i_o bear_v no_o malice_n to_o the_o man_n nor_o to_o the_o secretary_n of_o the_o say_a company_n in_o who_o commendation_n he_o so_o much_o speak_v 65._o p._n 65._o for_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o upon_o better_a consideration_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n they_o will_v willing_o embrace_v the_o true_a reformation_n of_o these_o great_a abuse_n aspis_n a_o viper_n
first_o and_o retain_v the_o same_o last_o so_o commodity_n in_o traffic_n be_v first_o and_o money_n come_v afterward_o whereby_o commutation_n or_o barter_n be_v bring_v into_o a_o trade_n and_o to_o preserve_v that_o money_n as_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o body_n exchange_n be_v devise_v as_o a_o spirit_n to_o quicken_v the_o same_o and_o shall_v it_o be_v use_v to_o destroy_v the_o body_n because_o the_o true_a use_n of_o it_o be_v not_o understand_v and_o the_o same_o be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n shall_v be_v prevent_v when_o by_o take_v enhanced_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n above_o the_o true_a value_n in_o exchange_n we_o feed_v the_o cause_n of_o exportation_n or_o shall_v we_o expect_v that_o money_n shall_v be_v import_v unto_o we_o when_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n of_o they_o which_o loss_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o to_o avoid_v compel_v we_o to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n or_o if_o any_o money_n be_v import_v by_o accident_n or_o occasion_n shall_v the_o body_n of_o trade_n be_v the_o better_a by_o it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v carry_v out_o again_o shall_v the_o trade_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n be_v lively_a when_o money_n be_v want_v can_v the_o exchange_n have_v his_o due_a course_n unless_o the_o foundation_n thereof_o according_a to_o parity_n and_o equality_n be_v respect_v howsoever_o the_o price_n thereof_o may_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o occasion_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n shall_v not_o the_o price_n of_o this_o true_a exchange_n impose_v a_o price_n upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n so_o that_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n may_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n be_v govern_v in_o their_o proper_a nature_n according_o the_o kingdom_n can_v consume_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v but_o they_o cause_v a_o overballance_a the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n which_o may_v be_v moderate_v in_o the_o rate_n and_o yet_o not_o decrease_v in_o value_n by_o the_o great_a employment_n of_o trade_n do_v discourage_v merchant_n which_o bring_v a_o distemperature_n in_o trade_n foreign_a ware_n be_v overaboundant_o bring_v in_o in_o the_o lieu_n of_o money_n whereby_o the_o realm_n do_v swell_v with_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v retransport_v bring_v still_o other_o ware_n in_o return_n so_o that_o money_n and_o bullion_n the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o trade_n be_v neglect_v which_o be_v proper_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n for_o the_o exchange_n which_o rule_v commodity_n and_o money_n be_v overrule_v by_o other_o nation_n let_v we_o therefore_o practice_v the_o contrary_a to_o find_v a_o full_a remedy_n for_o contraria_fw-la contrarijs_fw-la curantur_fw-la the_o turk_n russian_a the_o policy_n of_o the_o turk_n persian_n and_o russian_a the_o persian_a and_o the_o russian_n do_v exceed_v in_o policy_n prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o their_o money_n by_o maintain_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n above_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n cause_v merchant_n thereby_o to_o make_v employment_n upon_o their_o commodity_n of_o course_n and_o not_o by_o precept_n or_o compulsion_n whereby_o they_o accumulate_v treasure_n the_o king_n of_o baâ—tan_n and_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o east_n do_v the_o like_a sell_v their_o corruptible_a ware_n for_o silver_n to_o hoard_v up_o the_o same_o can_v this_o awake_v we_o to_o imitate_v they_o when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o so_o easy_a mean_n through_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n so_o often_o repeat_v i_o say_v no_o more_o but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o high_a wisdom_n of_o the_o king_n and_o state_n to_o direct_v it_o wherein_o misseldens_n balance_n be_v as_o necessary_a as_o the_o first_o wheel_n in_o a_o wagon_n to_o make_v a_o end_n therefore_o with_o his_o copia_fw-la verborum_fw-la 143._o p._n 143._o he_o much_o rejoice_v that_o by_o acadnes_n thread_n he_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o the_o little_a fish_n and_o great_a whale_n but_o this_o little_a spawn_n will_v stick_v so_o fast_o in_o his_o throat_n that_o he_o shall_v need_v of_o crane_n to_o pluck_v it_o out_o so_o that_o i_o may_v very_o well_o retort_v upon_o he_o his_o conceit_a dismission_n and_o capricious_a farewell_n borrow_v of_o the_o ancient_a father_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o show_v that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o fable_n of_o the_o fox_n he_o have_v only_o lick_v the_o out_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n of_o true_a judgement_n of_o this_o matter_n of_o state_n but_o can_v never_o come_v to_o the_o pottage_n or_o centre_n according_a to_o the_o old_a observation_n dialog_n lucian_n dialog_n show_v how_o jupiter_n be_v feed_v with_o bone_n and_o fat_a promethius_n reserve_v unto_o himself_o the_o solid_a flesh_n whereby_o be_v mean_v sound_a knowledge_n by_o the_o fat_a the_o fleet_a show_n of_o superficiary_a term_n of_o art_n and_o by_o the_o bone_n be_v decipher_v the_o inextricable_a and_o perplex_a labour_n in_o the_o curiosity_n of_o everstrive_a contradiction_n wherein_o he_o do_v a-abound_a sed_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la &_o praevalet_fw-la he_o do_v think_v once_o to_o have_v make_v a_o index_n 〈◊〉_d of_o my_o writing_n but_o find_v that_o his_o dirty_a broom_n have_v employment_n to_o cleanse_v the_o stable_n at_o hackâ—â—y_n and_o now_o to_o find_v out_o the_o interloper_n beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o leave_v it_o i_o still_o do_v strive_v to_o be_v temperate_a but_o public_a slander_n can_v be_v wash_v off_o but_o by_o public_a defence_n sure_o i_o be_o that_o my_o book_n be_v acceptable_a unto_o wiseman_n and_o lex_fw-la mercitoria_n be_v translate_v into_o spanish_a and_o french_a and_o much_o respect_v beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o book_n to_o the_o indicious_a reader_n i_o give_v notice_n long_o since_o that_o envy_n will_v command_v triple_a head_a cerberus_n to_o let_v loose_a the_o satyr_n zoylus_n momus_n and_o mastix_fw-la for_o this_o latter_a be_v already_o come_v on_o a_o hackney_n horse_n with_o a_o blattant_n tongue_n to_o carp_v at_o the_o action_n of_o any_o man_n hurt_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o hurt_v although_o it_o be_v as_o commendable_a as_o homer_n learning_n or_o hercules_n act_n whereof_o virgil_n the_o prince_n of_o helicon_n be_v not_o free_a neither_o the_o worthy_a one_o of_o former_a age_n who_o virtue_n darken_v like_o the_o moon_n with_o some_o blot_n be_v register_v with_o the_o point_n of_o diamond_n in_o the_o glass_n of_o true_a history_n thus_o have_v make_v his_o circle_n useful_a in_o some_o respect_n by_o place_v of_o a_o centre_n in_o it_o 2._o p._n 2._o it_o will_v be_v more_o close_a and_o durable_a for_o himself_n say_v in_o the_o proem_n that_o it_o be_v slight_o set_v up_o and_o pin_v together_o to_o try_v how_o the_o part_n and_o joint_n thereof_o will_v trent_n and_o fit_a the_o square_n for_o by_o his_o apostrophe_n ad_fw-la regem_fw-la who_o most_o judicial_a eye_n can_v easy_o discern_v wilfulness_n and_o ignorance_n 5_o p._n 14._o 5_o that_o of_o horace_n be_v verify_v pindarum_fw-la quis_fw-la quid_fw-la studet_fw-la aemulari_fw-la juli_n ceratis_fw-la open_v dedalea_n nititur_fw-la pennis_fw-la vitreo_fw-la daturus_fw-la nomina_fw-la ponto_n julus_n who_o strive_v pinder_n to_o emulate_v with_o waxen_a wing_n which_o dedal_n art_n do_v make_v he_o fly_v in_o vain_a to_o give_v by_o hapless_a fate_n name_n to_o the_o icarian_a glassy_a bluish_a lake_n for_o misselden_n have_v in_o his_o former_a treatise_n either_o ignorant_o or_o willing_o omit_v to_o handle_v the_o pradominant_a part_n of_o trade_n namely_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n as_o we_o have_v pove_v now_o in_o this_o his_o circle_n of_o commerce_n he_o have_v undertake_v with_o the_o artificial_a wing_n of_o his_o supporter_n set_v on_o with_o wax_n to_o fly_v so_o high_a in_o the_o discourse_n thereof_o that_o this_o hot_a climate_n of_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n or_o south_n pole_n have_v dissolve_v the_o wax_n and_o the_o splendent_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o truth_n have_v dispel_v all_o foggy_a mystery_n of_o deceitful_a fallacy_n as_o aforesaid_a so_o that_o he_o be_v drown_v with_o his_o balance_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o ovid_n allusion_n ipse_fw-la misseldemus_fw-la nomina_fw-la facit_fw-la aquis_fw-la the_o conclusion_n unto_o you_o therefore_o noble_a lord_n and_o right_o honourable_a privy_a councillor_n of_o state_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a his_o majesty_n commissioner_n for_o trade_n who_o i_o have_v at_o all_o time_n attend_v as_o become_v i_o unto_o your_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n i_o say_v belong_v proper_o the_o serious_a consideration_n of_o this_o centre_n of_o commerce_n this_o be_v the_o firm_a north_n star_n of_o trade_n by_o which_o your_o compass_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v according_a to_o the_o law_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n this_o be_v the_o rudder_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o traffic_n to_o guide_v &_o steire_n commerce_n to_o her_o right_a port_n or_o haven_n of_o profit_n this_o be_v that_o true_a par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n approve_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o have_v no_o imposture_n froth_n nor_o fallacy_n to_o amuse_v or_o abuse_v we_o with_o as_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o deceitful_a balance_n have_v wherein_o no_o certainty_n can_v be_v find_v let_v not_o your_o heroical_a virtue_n for_o the_o public_a good_a be_v blemish_v with_o private_a centre_n of_o commerce_n but_o be_v you_o a_o mean_n that_o phoebus_n himself_o will_v be_v please_v to_o drive_v the_o chariot_n of_o trade_n this_o centre_n whereby_o the_o horse_n of_o all_o society_n and_o corporation_n my_o draw_v a_o like_a in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n by_o his_o wise_a guide_n and_o direction_n acroamata_fw-la masterr_v milles_n acroamata_fw-la let_v the_o procure_n of_o bullion_n be_v your_o first_o study_n to_o set_v his_o mint_n on_o work_n which_o be_v recommend_v unto_o you_o by_o the_o efficacy_n of_o other_o man_n word_n for_o money_n of_o itself_o be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o in_o who_o hand_n so_o ever_o without_o bullion_n to_o supply_v be_v but_o water_n in_o a_o cistern_n take_v from_o the_o spring_n that_o by_o use_n become_v exhaust_v or_o be_v but_o let_v alone_o consume_v itself_o to_o nothing_o by_o strike_v and_o putrefaction_n so_o coin_n become_v but_o medal_n out_o of_o use_n of_o out_o of_o fashion_n for_o bullion_n be_v the_o fountain_n money_n be_v but_o the_o water_n and_o exchange_v the_o river_n that_o serve_v all_o private_a turn_n bullion_n be_v the_o sun_n money_n be_v but_o the_o beam_n exchange_v the_o light_n that_o make_v the_o world_n to_o see_v bullion_n be_v the_o pilot_n money_n be_v but_o the_o stern_a exchange_v the_o compass_n that_o guide_v all_o course_n right_a bullion_n be_v the_o chylus_n money_n be_v but_o the_o blood_n exchange_v the_o spirit_n that_o quicken_v all_o the_o body_n to_o be_v short_a bullion_n be_v the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o king_n money_n be_v but_o the_o medium_fw-la between_o subject_n and_o their_o king_n exchange_v the_o heavenly_a mystery_n that_o join_v they_o both_o together_o next_o therefore_o let_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n the_o profusion_n of_o blood_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o centre_n wherein_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o trade_n do_v consist_v and_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n by_o all_o real_a substantial_a and_o politic_a mean_n for_o plenty_n of_o money_n will_v improve_v your_o land_n advance_v the_o price_n of_o your_o native_a commodity_n increase_v your_o manufacture_n establish_v the_o fish_n maintain_v foreign_a trade_n augment_v the_o king_n revinewe_n make_v foreign_a ware_n better_o cheap_a prevent_v the_o overballance_a and_o enrich_v the_o kingdom_n with_o a_o advancement_n of_o all_o the_o dependence_n of_o trade_n contain_v in_o the_o article_n of_o your_o commission_n god_n grant_v a_o blessing_n in_o all_o to_o his_o glory_n the_o king_n honour_n and_o the_o kingdom_n welfare_n obsta_fw-la principijs_fw-la sedo_fw-la medicina_fw-la paratur_fw-la finis_fw-la errata_fw-la pag._n 5._o lin_v 11._o read_v reprehension_n for_o apprehension_n p._n 17._o l._n 27._o r._n depredation_n for_o depudation_n p._n 18._o l._n 29._o r._n we_o for_o i_o p._n 25._o l._n 2._o r._n piece_n for_o price_n p._n 37._o l._n 8._o r._n piece_n for_o price_n p._n 38._o l._n 2._o r._n 20_o â—_o for_o 2_o â—_o p._n 42._o l._n 20._o r._n construction_n for_o contution_n p._n 44._o l._n 17._o r._n good_a for_o go_n p._n 58._o l._n 14._o r._n caution_n for_o cannon_n p._n 58._o l._n 22._o r._n confusion_n for_o conclusion_n p._n 64._o l._n 18._o r._n hoop_n for_o hop_n p._n 64._o l._n 31._o r._n endear_v for_o endure_v p._n 68_o l._n 8._o r._n mobile_n for_o mobill_n p._n 77._o l._n 22._o r._n cornute_a for_o corneited_a p._n 78._o l._n 7._o r._n flatter_v for_o scatter_v p._n 78._o l._n 30._o r._n procupine_n for_o procerpine_v p._n 80._o l._n 20._o r._n for_o for_o from_o p._n 81._o l._n 12._o r._n enable_v for_o enable_v p._n 101._o l._n 〈◊〉_d â—_o contratenor_n for_o contratos_fw-la
be_v a_o stop_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n measure_n exchange_v the_o public_a measure_n then_o either_o the_o english_a merchant_n will_v for_o bear_v to_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n or_o else_o he_o will_v lock_v to_o recover_v his_o loss_n of_o exchange_n upon_o his_o cloth_n i_o answer_v answ._n 2._o answ._n that_o give_v more_o to_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n by_o exchange_n then_o former_o the_o trade_n will_v be_v advance_v for_o the_o english_a merchant_n will_v find_v more_o money_n for_o his_o ready_a employment_n then_o before_o and_o the_o money_n will_v not_o be_v transport_v so_o that_o to_o surmise_n that_o the_o english_a merchant_n will_v forbear_v to_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n or_o will_v be_v so_o inâ—urious_a to_o his_o country_n to_o maintain_v a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v altogether_o without_o ground_n and_o senseless_a the_o course_n of_o exchange_n rise_v and_o fall_v shall_v have_v no_o stop_n neither_o will_v there_o be_v any_o stand_n in_o blackwell_n hall_n whereby_o the_o remedy_n will_v be_v far_o worse_o than_o the_o disease_n as_o misselden_n labour_v to_o prove_v but_o the_o english_a merchant_n must_v needs_o recover_v the_o object_n 3._o object_n lossâ—_fw-mi of_o the_o exchange_n upon_o the_o cloth_n which_o must_v either_o be_v do_v in_o the_o buy_n of_o it_o at_o home_n or_o sell_v of_o it_o abroad_o but_o it_o can_v be_v do_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o cloth_n abroad_o for_o the_o cloth_n trade_n groan_v already_o under_o the_o burden_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o quantity_n and_o the_o price_n thereof_o which_o be_v diminish_v and_o to_o bring_v it_o upon_o the_o châ—â—hier_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o grievous_a consequence_n experience_n as_o i_o have_v say_v make_v a_o full_a answer_n answ._n 3._o answ._n that_o as_o there_o want_v no_o taker_n of_o money_n when_o the_o late_a inhaunce_n of_o money_n at_o hamborough_n cause_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v from_o under_o 28_o s._n to_o above_o 35_o s_o which_o be_v far_o more_o than_o the_o intend_a reformation_n and_o wool_n be_v at_o 33_o s._n the_o todd_n which_o be_v now_o at_o 20_o s._n and_o under_o so_o there_o will_v want_v no_o vent_n for_o our_o cloth_n for_o if_o there_o be_v sale_n for_o double_a the_o quantity_n then_o when_o cloth_n be_v sell_v dear_a by_o full_a one_o three_o part_n we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v of_o vent_n when_o other_o nation_n be_v as_o willing_a to_o buy_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o vent_v their_o commodity_n unto_o we_o and_o it_o stand_v with_o more_o reason_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o when_o the_o same_o be_v good_a cheap_a and_o to_o reform_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n then_o when_o this_o dear_a albeit_o we_o never_o hear_v any_o complaint_n of_o the_o deerenesse_n of_o our_o cloth_n misselden_n will_v insinuate_v of_o many_o objection_n that_o can_v be_v make_v against_o this_o reformation_n so_o much_o requisite_a but_o they_o be_v but_o word_n 11â—_n p._n 11â—_n as_o all_o former_a consideration_n do_v manifest_a the_o taker_n will_v be_v rule_v by_o the_o deliverer_n for_o albeit_o that_o trade_n require_v a_o natural_a liberty_n which_o in_o no_o country_n be_v so_o much_o restrain_v as_o in_o england_n yet_o gain_v the_o true_a centre_n do_v over-rule_v all_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o voluntary_a command_n which_o make_v the_o voluntary_a contract_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n by_o he_o allege_v and_o when_o the_o gain_n of_o exportation_n of_o money_n fail_v 113._o p._n 113._o than_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n be_v better_a observe_v and_o money_n be_v more_o plentiful_a by_o exchange_n for_o all_o these_o argument_n be_v as_o lime_n twig_n or_o hops_n to_o keep_v he_o still_o enclose_v within_o his_o circle_n he_o repli_v that_o although_o there_o want_v not_o taker_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o hamborough_n when_o the_o exchange_n rise_v from_o 28_o s._n to_o 35_o s_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v taker_n at_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n for_o it_o be_v a_o different_a case_n indeed_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o case_n 114._o p._n 114._o for_o the_o taker_n do_v not_o gain_v neither_o do_v the_o deliverer_n loose_a as_o he_o say_v by_o the_o fast_o rise_v of_o exchange_n at_o hamborough_n only_o he_o that_o be_v to_o take_v up_o money_n back_o again_o to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n take_v upon_o he_o may_v therein_o become_v a_o gainer_n although_o by_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o loose_a by_o the_o endure_a of_o commodity_n there_o upon_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n rule_n a_o particular_a make_v no_o rule_n these_o accident_n be_v particular_n and_o make_v no_o general_a rule_n that_o he_o understand_v not_o himself_o in_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v distinguish_v by_o the_o positive_a exchange_n from_o the_o currant_n exchange_n appear_v also_o by_o his_o inferrence_n that_o it_o may_v prove_v also_o another_o bar_n to_o trade_n and_o cause_v the_o cloth_n trade_n both_o in_o the_o clothier_n and_o merchant_n hand_n to_o be_v so_o much_o dear_a to_o they_o and_o cheap_a to_o the_o stranger_n by_o how_o much_o the_o natural_a course_n shall_v be_v alter_v in_o exchange_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v answer_v by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o foreign_a nation_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o man_n seek_v a_o knot_n in_o a_o bulrush_n and_o conclude_v that_o all_o he_o have_v allege_v be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o until_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o a_o overballance_n of_o trade_n 131._o p._n 131._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n can_v be_v take_v away_o for_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o overballance_n can_v stand_v together_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o sick_a body_n can_v be_v in_o health_n until_o it_o be_v cure_v which_o be_v a_o sentence_n contain_v many_o sentence_n when_o the_o overballance_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n to_o speak_v ingenious_o can_v the_o make_n of_o a_o balance_n cause_n money_n and_o bullion_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o or_o hinder_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n or_o can_v the_o calculation_n of_o the_o say_a balance_n procure_v that_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v shall_v surmount_v in_o price_n and_o quantity_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n bring_v in_o and_o last_o can_v the_o say_a balance_n bring_v to_o pass_v that_o spanish_a royal_n of_o 8_o now_o divert_v from_o we_o shall_v be_v import_v and_o when_o the_o say_v royal_n and_o dollar_n be_v bring_v in_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v carry_v out_o again_o but_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o mint_n as_o the_o say_a centre_n gain_n will_v do_v by_o the_o true_a course_n of_o exchange_n to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o prevention_n of_o overballance_v questionless_a it_o can_v for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n be_v last_v in_o place_n but_o first_o and_o chief_a in_o purpose_n 130._o p._n 130._o or_o in_o the_o beginning_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o thing_n past_a so_o that_o put_v this_o circle_n of_o commerce_n into_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o balance_n and_o lay_v a_o feather_n against_o it_o and_o it_o will_v weigh_v down_o the_o same_o but_o some_o will_v say_v why_o do_v you_o expostulate_v or_o make_v inquiry_n of_o the_o end_n of_o this_o balance_n 132._o p._n 132._o have_v not_o he_o contract_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o underballance_n in_o two_o word_n poverty_n and_o prodigality_n ground_v upon_o idleness_n and_o excess_n and_o therein_o use_v such_o a_o ciceronian_a stile_n to_o exhort_v the_o learned_a divine_n and_o provident_a statesman_n that_o we_o may_v say_v movit_fw-la cornicula_fw-la risum_fw-la assure_o he_o have_v but_o this_o may_v not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n for_o riot_n and_o excess_n may_v be_v know_v without_o such_o a_o balance_n and_o poverty_n and_o want_n be_v not_o without_o feeling_n neither_o aught_o to_o be_v without_o commiseration_n for_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n to_o heaven_n be_v lawful_a by_o charitable_a give_v to_o the_o poor_a which_o god_n himself_o have_v promise_v to_o reward_v although_o man_n be_v never_o so_o unthankful_a here_o according_a to_o misseldens_n manner_n i_o have_v occasion_n offer_v i_o to_o make_v a_o very_a ample_a discourse_n concern_v his_o presumption_n above_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n his_o uncharitable_a disposition_n to_o prevent_v ten_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a cast_v away_o to_o the_o poor_a and_o his_o peremptory_a and_o absolute_a