entertained him with strange coniurations Earely in a morning a great fire was made in a long house a Mat spred on each side on one of which he was set the guard went out and in came a great grim fellow skipping all painted with cole mingled with Oyle many Snakes and Weesels skins stuffed with Mosse their tailes tied together and meeting on the crowne of his head round about the tassell was a coronet of Fethers the skins hung round about his head shoulders backe and face With a hellish voyce strange gestures and passions with a Rattle in his hand hee began his inuocation and enuironed the fire with a circle of Meale After this three such other diuels rushed in with like trickes painted halfe blacke halfe red all their eyes painted white with some red stroakes along their cheekes These hauing danced a prettie while three more came in as vgly as the rest with red eyes and white stroakes ouer their blacke faces At last they all sat downe right against him the chiefe Priest in the midst and three on each hand All then with their Rattles began a song which ended the chiefe Priest laid downe fiue Wheate cornes and straining his armes and hand with such violence that he swet and his veines swelled hee began a short Oration at the conclusion whereof they gaue a short groane and then laid downe three graiues more Now they began their Song againe and then another Oration euer laying downe so many cornes as before till they had twice encircled the fire That done they take a bunch of little stickes prepared for that purpose and at the end of euery Song and Oration laid downe a sticke betwixt the diuisions of the Corne. Till night neither he nor they did eate or drinke and then they feasted merrily with their best prouisions Three dayes they vsed this Ceremonie thereby to know as they said whether hee intended them well or no. The circle of meale signified their Countrey the two circles of Corne the Sea-bounds and the stickes his Countrey They imagined the World to be flat and round like a trencher and themselues in the midst After this they brought him a bigge of Powder which they carefully preserued till the next spring to plant as they did their Corne because they would be acquainted with the nature of that sâ—ede Opitchapam the Kings brother inuited him to his house where hee welcommed him with as many Platters of Bread Fowle and wilde Beasts as did encompasse him but not any would eate with him reseruing the remainders in Baskets At his returne to Opechankanoughs all the Kings women and their children flocked about him as for their customary due to be merry with such fragments At last they brought him to Werowocomoco to Pohatan where aboue two hundred of his Courtiers stood wondring on him till Pohatan and his traine had put themselues in their greatest brauery Before a fire hee sat on a seate like a bedsted couered with a great robe made of Rarowcun Skinnes all the tailes hanging by on each hand did sit a yong wench of sixteene or eighteene yeeres of age along on each side the house two rowes of men and behinde them as many women with all their heads and shoulders painted red many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds euery one adorned with some thing a great chaine also of white Beades about their neckes At his entrance before the King all the people gaue a great shout The Queene of Appanatucke was appointed to bring water to wash his hands another brought him a bunch of Feathers instead of a Towell to drie them Hauing feasted him in their best manner the held a consultation in conclusion whereof two great stones were brought before Pohatan and as many as could lay hold on him dragged him to them and thereon laid his head being ready with their clubbes to beate out his braines Pocahuntas the Kings dearest Daughter when no intreatie would preuaile got his head into her armes and laid her owne vpon his to saue him from death whereupon the Emperour was contented hee should liue to make him Hatchets and Beads Bels and Copper for her For they thought him like themselues of all occupations the King himselfe making his owne Robes Shooes Bowes Arrowes Pots Planting also Hunting and doing Offices no lesse then the rest Two dayes after Pohatan hauing disguised himselfe in the dreadfullest manner caused Captaine Smith to be brought forth to a great house in the woods and there vpon a Mat by the fire to bee left alone Not long after from behinde a Mat which diuided the house was made the dolefullest noise that euer hee had heard After this Pohatan with twenty more as blacke as himselfe came vnto him and told him that they were now friends and presently hee should goe to Iames Towne to send him two great Gunnes and a Grindstone for which hee would giue him the Countrey of Capahowolick and for euer esteeme hiâ— as his Sonne Nantaquaus Hee sent him thither with twelue guides When they came to the Fort Smith vsed the Sauages kindely and shewed Rawhunt Pohatans trusty seruant two Demiculuerius and a Milstone to carry to Pohatan somewhat too heauie for their carriage But when they saw him discharge them loden with stones on the boughes of a great tree hanging full of isickles the Ice and boughes comming downe with such furie the Sauages were halfe dead with feare and at last returning contented with toies and presents for Pohatan his women and childred This his returning safe to the Port once more staied the Pinnace her flight for England which till his returne could not set saile so extreame was the weather and so great the Frost His relation of the plenty he had seene especially at Werowocomoco where inhabited Powhatan that till that time was vnknowne so reuiued againe their dead spirits as all mens feare was abandoned Powhatan hauing sent with this Captaine diuers of his men loaded with prouision hee had conditioned and so appointed his trustie Messengers to bring but two or three of our great Ordnances but the Messengers being satisfied with the sight of one of them discharged ran away amazed with feare till meanes were vsed with gifts to assure them our loues ALL this time our cares were not so much to abandon the Countrie but the Treasurer and Counsell in England were as diligent and carefull to supply vs. Two tall Shippes they sent vs with neere one hundred men well furnished with all things could be imagined necessary both for them and vs. The one commanded by Captaine Newport the other by Captaine Nelson an honest man and an expert Marriner but such was the leewardnesse of his Ship that though he were within sight of Cape Henry by stormy contrary windes was forced so farre to Sea as the West Indies was the next land for the repaire of his Masts and reliefe of wood and water But Captaine
of this their imployment sent presently his Messengers to Captaine Smith to signifie it was not his fault to detayne them nor hinder his men from executing his command nor did hee nor would he mayntaine them or any to occasion his displeasure But ere this businesse was brought to a point God hauing seene our misery sufficient sent in Captaine Argall to fish for Sturgeon with a ship well furnished with Wine and Bisket which though it was not sent vs such were our occasions we tooke it at a price but left him sufficient to returne for England still dissembling Valdo his villany but certainly he had not escaped had the President continued Notwithstanding this Valdo comming for England pretending to the Company what rich Mynes he had found for which he was verie much fauoured rewarded and respected but returning with the Lord La-ware he could not performe any thing hee promised and thus also hauing coozened them all died both basely and miserably For the rest of his Consorts vpon the arriuall of the Lord La-ware whom they highly recommended to Powhatan promising what great wonders they would worke with his Lordship would he giue them leaue to goe to him but when he saw they would be gone he replied as you would haue betrayed Captaine Smith to me so will you me to this Lord for you that would be so false to him cannot be true to me so caused his men to beat out their braines as the Sauages reported to diuers that came from thence TO redresse those iarres and ill proceedings the Councell in England altered the gouernment and deuolued the authoritie to the Lord De-la-ware Who for his Deputie sent Sir Thomas Gales and Sir George Somers with nine ships and fiue hundred persons they set saile from England in May 1609. a small Catch perished at Sea in a Herycano The Admirall with 150. men with the two Knights and their new Commission their Bils of loading with all manner of directions and the most part of their prouision arriued not With the other seuen as Captaines arriued Ratliffe whose right name was Sickelmore Martin and Archer Who as they had beene troublesome at Sea began againe to marre all ashore For though as is said they were formerly deposed and sent for England yet now returning againe graced by the title of Captaines of the passengers seeing the Admirall wanting and great probabilitie of her losse strengthned themselues with those new Companies so railing and exclayming against Captaine Smith that they mortally hated him ere euer they saw him Who vnderstanding by his Scowts the arriuall of such a fleet little dreaming of any such supply supposing them Spaniards he so determined and ordered his affaires as we little feared their arriuall nor the successe of our incounter nor were the Sauages any way negligent or vnwilling to aide and assist vs with their best power had it so beene we had beene happy For we would not haue trusted them but as our foes whereas receiuing those as our Countrimen and friends they did their best to murder our President to surprize the store the Fort and our Lodgings to vsurpe the gouernment and make vs all their seruants and slaues to our owne merit To a thousand mischiefes those lewd Captaines led this lewd company wherein were many vnruly Gallants packed thether by their friends to escape ill Destinies and those would dispose and determine of the gouernment sometimes one the next day another to day the old Commission to morrow the new the next day by neither In fine they would rule all or ruine all yet in Charitie wee must endure them thus to destroy vs or by correcting their follies haue brought the Worlds censure vpon vs to haue beene guiltie of their blouds Happie had we beene had they neuer arriued and wee for euer abandoned and as wee were left to our fortunes for on Earth was neuer more confusion or misery then their factions occasioned The President seeing the desire those Braues had to rule seeing how his authoritie was so vnexpectedly changed would willingly haue left all and returned for England but seeing there was small hope this new Commission would arriue longer hee would not suffer those factious spirits to proceed It would be too tedious too strange and almost incredible should I particularly relate the infinite dangers plots and practises hee daily escaped amongst this factious crue the chiefe whereof hee quickly laid by the heeles till his leasure better serued to doe them Iustice and to take away all occasions of further mischiefe Master Percie had his request granted to returne for England and Master West with one hundred and twentie went to plant at the Falls Martin with neere as many to Nansamund with their due proportions of all prouisions according to their numbers Now the Presidents yeere being neere expired he made Martin President who knowing his owne insufficieâ—cie and the Companies scorne and conceit of his vnworthinesse within three houres resigned it againe to Captaine Smith and at Nansamund thus proceeded The people being Contributors vsed him kindly yet such was his iealous feare and cowardize in the midst of his mirth he did surprize this poore naked King with his Monuments Houses and the I le hee inhabited and there fortified himselfe but so apparantly distracted with feare as imboldned the Sauages to assault him kill his men redeeme their King gather and carrie away more then one thousand bushels of Corne he not once daring to intercept them But sent to the President then at the Falls for thirtie good shot which from Iames Towne immediatly were sent him but he so well imployed them as they did iust nothing but returned complayning of his childishnesse that with them fled from his company and so left them to their fortunes Master West hauing seated his men at the Falls presently returned to reuisit Iames Towne the President met him by the way as hee followed him to the Falls where hee found this Company inconsiderately seated in a place not only subiect to the Riuers inundation but round inuironed with many intollerable inconueniences For remedy whereof hee sent presently to Powhatan to sell him the place called Powhatan promising to defend him against the Monacans and these should be his conditions with his people to resigne him the Fort and Houses and all that Countrey for a proportion of Copper that all stealing offenders should bee sent him there to receiue their punishment that euery House as a custome should pay him a bushell of Corne for an inch square of Copper and a proportion of Poâ—ones as a yeerely Tribute to King Iames for their protection as a dutie what else they could spare to barter at their best discretion But both this excellent place and those good conditions did those furies refuse contemning both him his kinde care and authoritie the worst they could to shew their spight they did I doe more then wonder to thinke how only with fiue men
little tasted of those great proportions for their prouisions as they of our miseries that notwithstanding euer swayd and ouerruled the businesse though wee did liue as is said three yeeres chiefly of what this good Countrey naturally affordeth yet now had wee beene in Paradice it selfe with those Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet were there some amongst vs who had they had the gouernment would surely haue kept vs from those extreamities of miseries that in ten dayes more would haue supplanted vs all by death Thus you see the miserable ends of those vsurping Commanders for all their greatnesse Oratory and long being there and what is the want of owne man in Authoritie that is honest and valiant discreet and industrious and how easily that may also be blemished by ambitious indiscretion or what did binder them now in his absence they had not done much better then hee hauing all these aduantages But God that would not it should bee vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers with one hundred and fiftie men most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs. But when those noble Knights did see our miseries being strangers in the Countrey and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by their coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing or excusing one another they imbarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames Towne set saile for England But yet God would not so haue it for ere wee left the Riuer wee met the Lord de-la-ware then gouernour of the Countrey with three Ships exceeding well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames Towne the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Waiâ—â—an and diuers other Gentlemen of sort Sir George Sommers and Captaine Argall he presently dispatcheth to repaire to the Bermudas to furnish them with prouision Sir Thomas Gates for England to helpe forward their supplies himselfe neglected not the best was in his power for the furtherance of the businesse and regaining what was lost But euen in the beginning of his proceedings his Lordship had such an incounter that after eight months sicknesse he was forced to saue his life by his returne for England In this time Argall not finding the Bermudas hauing lost Sir George Sâ—mers at sea fell on the coast of Sagadahock where refreshing himselfe he found a conuenient fishing for Cod. With a taste whereof he returned to Iames Towne from whence the Lord De-la-ware sent him to trade in the Riuer of Patawomeck where finding an English boy those people had preserued from the fury of Powhatan by his acquaintance had such good vsage of those kind Sauages that they fraughted his Ship with Corne wherewith he returned to Iames Towne and so for England with the Lord Gouernour yet before his returne the aduenturers had sent Sir Thomas Dale with three Ships men and cattell and all other prouisions necessarie for a yeere all which arriued the tenth of May 1611. Againe to second him with all possible expedition there was prepared for Sir Thomas Gates sixe tall Ships with three hundred men and one hundred Kine with other cattell with munition and all manner of prouision could be thought needfull and they arriued about the first of August next after safely at Iames Towne Sir George Somers all this time was supposed lost but thus it hapned missing the Barmudas hee fell also as did Argall with Sagadahock where being refreshed would not content himselfe with that repulse but returned againe in the search and there safely arriued But ouertoyling himselfe on a surfet died And in this Cedar Ship built by his owne directions and partly with his owne hands that had not in her any Iron but onely one bolt in her Keele yet well endured thus tossed to and againe in this mightie Ocean till with his dead bodie she arriued in England and at Whitchurch in Dorsetshire his body by his friends was honourably buried with mane volies of shot and the rites of a Souldier c. But thus much may serue as the argument of the discourses following and as the Prologue to the Virginian Scene where we will first produce M. Archer after whose succinct narration M. Strachies copious discourse shall feast you with the liuely expression of others miseries and Barmudas happy discouery in Rhetorickes Full sea and spring tide CHAP. V. A Letter of M. GABRIEL ARCHAR touching the Voyage of the Fleet of Ships which arriued at Virginia without Sir THO. GATES and Sir GEORGE SVMMERS 1609. FRom Woolwich the fifteenth of May 1609 seuenth saile weyed anchor and came to Plimmouth the twentieth day where Sir George Somers with two small Vessels consorted with vs. Here we tooke into the Blessing being the ship wherein I went fixe Mares and two Horses and the Fleet layed in some necessaries belonging to the action In which businesse we spent time till the second of lune And then wee set sayle to Sea but crost by South-west windes we put in to Faulemouth and there staying till the eight of Iune we then gate out Our Course was commanded to leaue the Canaries one hundred leagues to the Eastward at least and to steere away directly for Virginia without touching at the West Indies except the Fleet should chance to be separated then they were to repaire to the Bermuda there to stay seuen dayes in expectation of the Admirall and if they found him not then to take their course to Virginia Now thus it happened about sixe dayes after we lost the sight of England one of Sir George Somers Pinnasses left our company and as I take it bare vp for England the rest of the ships viz. The Sea Aduenture Admirall wherein was Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Somer and Captaine Newport The Diamond Vice-admirall wherein was Captaine Ratcliffe and Captaine King The Falcon Reare-admirall in which was Captaine Martin and Master Nellson The Blessing wherein I and Captaine Adams went The Vnitie wherein Captaine Wood and Master Pett were The Lion wherein Captaine Webb remained And the Swallow of Sir George Somers in which Captaine Moone and Master Somer went In the Catch went one Matthew Fitch Master and in the Boat of Sir George Somers called the Virginia which was built in the North Colony went one Captaine Davies and one Master Davies These were the Captatines and Masters of our Fleet. We ran a Southerly course froâ— the Tropicke of Cancer where hauing the Sun within sixe or seuen degrees right ouer our head in Iuly we bore away West so that by the feruent heat and loomes breezes many of our men fell sicke of the Calenture and out of two ships was throwne ouer-boord thirtie two persons The Viceadmirall was said to haue the plague in her but in the Blessing we had not any sicke albeit we had twenty women and children Vpon Saint Iames day being about one hundred
Wester part is not passing a mile at most altogether vnpeopled and disinhabited It is ouer-growne with Wood and Rubbish viz. Okes Ashes Beech Wal-nut Weech-halse Sassafrage and Cedars with diuers other of vnknowne names The R 〈…〉 sh is wild Peaze young Sassafrage Cherie trees Vines Eglentine Goose-berie bushes Hawâ—â—orne Honisuckles with others of like qualitie The herbs and Roots are Strawberies Raspis Ground Nuts Alexander Surrin Tansie c. without count Touching the fertilitie of the soyle by our owne experience made we found it to be excellent for sowing some English pulse it sprowted out in one fortnight almost halfe a foot In this Iland is a stage or Pond of fresh water in circuit two miles on the one side not distant from the Sea thirtie yards in the Centre whereof is a Rockie Islet contayning neere an Acre of ground full of wood on which wee beganne our Fort and place of abode disposing it selfe so fit for the same These Indians call Gold Wassador which argueth there is thereof in the Countrey The nine and twentieth we laboured in getting of Sassafrage rubbishing our little Fort or Islet new keeling our shallop and making a Punt or Flat bottome Boate to passe to and fro our Fort ouer the fresh water the powder of Sassafrage in twelue houres cured one of our Company that had taken a great Surfet by eating the bellies of Dog-fish a very delicious meate The thirtieth Captaine Gosnoll with diuers of his company went vpon pleasure in the shallop towards Hills Hap to view it and the Sandie Coue and returning brought with him a Canoa that foure Indians had there left being fled away for feare of our English which we brought into England The one and thirtieth Captaine Gosnoll desirous to see the Maine because of the distance hee set sayle ouer where comming to anchor went ashoare with certaine of his companie and immediatly there presented vnto him men women and children who with all curteous kindnesse entertayned him giuing him certaine skinnes of wilde beasts which may be rich Furres Tobacco Turtles Hempe artificiall Strings câ—â—oured Chaines and such like things as at the inâ—â—ant they had about them These are a faire conditioned people On all the Sea coast along we found Mussell shells that in colour did represent Mother-of-pearle but not hauing meanes to dredge could not apprehend further knowledge thereof This Maine is the goodliest Continent that euer we saw promising more by farre then we any way did expect for it is replenished with faire fields and in them fragrant Flowers also Medowes and hedged in with stately Groues being furnished also with pleasant Brookes and beautified with two maine Riuers that as wee iudge may haply become good Harbours and conduct vs to the hopes men so greedily doe thirst after In the mouth of one of these Inlets or Riuers lieth that little I le before mentioned called Happes Hill from which vnto the Westermost end of the Maine appearing where the other Inlet is I account some fiue leagues and the Coast betweene bendeth like a Bow and lyeth East and by North. Beyond these two Inlets we might perceiue the Mayne to beare vp South-west and more Southerly Thus with this taste of Discouery we now contented our selues and the same day made returne vnto our Fort time not permitting more sparing delay The first of Iune we employed our selues in getting Sassafrage and the building of our Fort. The second third and fourth we wrought hard to make readie our house for the prouision to bee had ashore to sustaine vs till our ships returne This day from the Mayne came to our ships side a Canoa with their Lord or chiefe Commander for that they made little stay only pointing to the Sunne as in signe that the next day hee would come and visit vs which hee did accordingly The fifth wee continued our labour when there came vnto vs ashoare from the Mayne fiftie Sauages stout and lustie men with their Bowes and Arrowes amongst them there seemed to be one of authoritie because the rest made an inclining respect vnto him The ship was at their comming a league off and Captaine Gosnoll aboord and so likewise Captaine Gilbert who almost neuer went ashoare the company with me only eight persons These Indians in hastie manner came towards vs so as we thought fit to make a stand at an angle betweene the Sea and a fresh water I mooued my selfe towards him seuen or eight steps and clapt my hands first on the sides of mine head then on my breast and after presented my Musket with a threatning countenance thereby to signifie vnto them either a choice of Peace or Warre whereupon hee vsing mee with mine owne signes of Peace I stept forth and imbraced him his company then all sate downe in manner like Grey-hounds vpon their heeles with whom my company fell a bartering By this time Captaine Gosnoll was come with twelue men more from aboord and to shew the Sauage Seignior that he was our Captaine we receiued him in a guard which he passing thorow saluted the Seignior with ceremonies of our salutations whereat he nothing mooued or altered himselfe Our Captaine gaue him a straw Hat and a paire of Kniues the Hat awhiles hee wore but the Kniues he beheld with great maruelling being very bright and sharpe this our courtesie made them all in loue with vs. The sixt being raine we spent idlely aboord The seuenth the Seignior came againe with all his troupe as before and continued with vs the most part of the day we going to dinner about noone they sate with vs and did eate of our Bacaleure and Mustard dranke of our Beere but the Mustard nipping them in their noses they could not indure it was a sport to behold their faces made being bitten therewith In time of Dinner the Sauages had stolne a Target wherewith acquainting the Seignior with feare and great trembling they restored it againe thinking perhaps we would haue beene reuenged for it but seeing our familiaritie to continue they fell a fresh to roasting of Crabs Red Herrings which were exceeding great ground Nuts c. as before Our Dinner ended the Seignior first tooke leaue and departed next all the rest sauing foure that stayed and went into the Wood to helpe vs digge Sassafrage whom we desired to goe aboord vs which they refused and so departed The eighth wee diuided the victuals viz. the ships store for England and that of the Planters which by Captaine Gilbert allowance could be but sixe weekes for sixe moneths whereby there fell out a controuersie the rather for that some seemed secretly to vnderstand of a purpose Captaine Gilbert had not to returne with supplie of the issue those goods should make by him to be carried home Besides there wanted not ambitious conceits in the mindes of some wrangling and ill disposed persons that ouerthrew the stay there at that time which vpon consultation thereof had about fiue dayes after was
he came whereupon the Gouernor of Tercera did him great honor and betweene them it was concluded perceiuing the weaknesse of their Ships and the danger of the Englishmen that they would send the Ships empty with Soldiers to conuey them either to Siuil or Lisbone where they could first arriue with aduise vnto his Maiesty of all that had past and that he would giue order to fetch the Siluer with good and safe conuoy Wherepuon the said Aluaro Flores staied there vnder colour of keeping the Siluer but specially because of his disease and for that they were afraid of the Englishmen This Aluaro Flores had alone for his owne part aboue fifty thousand Ducats in Pearles which he shewed vnto vs and sought to sell them or barter them with vs for Spices or bils of exchange The said two Ships set saile with three or foure hundred men as well Soldiers as others that came with them and not one man saued Tke Vice-admirall cut downe her Mast and ranne the Ship on ground out of India and being at Sea had a storme wherewith the Admirall burst and sunke in thâ— Sea hard by Sentuual where it burst in peeces some of the men sauing themselues by swimming that brought the newes but the rest were drowned In the same moneth there came two great ships out of the Spanish Indies and being within halfe a mile of the Road of Tercera they met with an English shippe that after they had fought long together tooke them both About seuen or eight moneths before there had beene an English ship in Tercera that vnder the name of a Frenchman came to traffique in the Iland there to lade wood and being discouered was both ship and goods confiscated to the Kings vse and all the men kept prisoners yet went they vp and downe the streets to get their liuings by labouring like slaues being in deed as safe in that Iland as if they had beene in prison But in the end vpon a Sunday all the Sailers went downe behind the Hils called Bresill where they found a Fisher-boat whereinto they got and rowed into the Sea to the Earle of Cumberlands ship which to their great fortune chanced at that time to come by the Iland and anchored with his ships about halfe a mile from the Road of Angra hard by two small Ilands which lye about a Bases shot from the Iland and are full of Goats Buckes and Sheepe belonging to the Inhabitants of the Iland of Tercera Those Saylers knew it well and thereupon they rowed vnto them with their Boats and lying at Anchor that day they fetched as many Goats and Sheepe as they had neede of which those of the Towne and of the Iland well saw and beheld yet durst not once go forth so there remayned no more on Land but the Master and the Merchant of the said English ship This Master had a Brother in Law dwelling in England who hauing newes of his brothers imprisonment in Tercera got licence of the Queene of England to set forth a ship therewith to see if he could recouer his losses of the Spaniards by taking some of them and so to redeeme his brother that lay prisoner in Tercera and he it was that tooke the two Spanish shippes before the Towne The Master of the ship aforesaid standing on the shore by me and looking vpon them for he was my great acquaintance the shipss being taken that were worth three hundred thousand Duckets he sent all the men on Land sauing only two of the principall Gentlemen which he kept aboord thereby to ransome his brother and sent the Pilot of one of the Indian ships that were taken with a Letter to the Gouernour of Tercera wherein he wrote that hee should deliuer him his brother and he would send the two Gentlemen on Land if not he would saile with them into England as indeed he did because the Gouernour would not doe it saying that the Gentleman might make that suite to the King of Spaine him selfe This Spanish Pilot we bid to supper with vs and the Englishmen likewise where hee shewed vs all the manner of their fight much commending the order and manner of the Englishmens fighting as also for their courteous vsing of him but in the end the English Pilot likewise stole away in a French ship without paying any ransome as yet In the moneth of Ianuary 1590 there arriued one ship alone in Tercera that came from the Spanish Indies and brought newes that there was a fleet of a hundred ships which put out from the Firme Land of the Spanish Indies and by a storme were driuen vpon the Coast called Florida where they were all cast away she hauing only escaped wherein there were great riches and many men lost as it may well be thought so that they made their account that of two hundred and twentie ships that for certaine were knowne to haue put out of Noua Spaigna Santo Domingo Hauana Capo verde Brasilia Guinea c. In the yeere 1989. to sayle for Spaine in Portugall there were not aboue fourteene or fifteene of them arriued there in safetie all the rest being either drowned burst or taken In the same Moneth of Ianuary there arriued in Tercera fifteen or sixteene ships that came from Siuilia which were most Flie-boats of the low Countries and some Brittons that were arrested in Spaine these came full of Souldiers and well appointed with munition to lade the siluer that lay in Tercera and to fetch Aluares de Flores by the Kings commandement into Spaine And because that time of the yeere there is alwayes stormes about those Ilands therefore they durst not enter into the Road of Tercera for that as then it blew so great a storme that some of their ships that had anchored were forced to cut downe their Masts and were in danger to bee lost and among the rest a ship of Biscay ranne against the Land and was stricken in pieces but all the men saued themselues The other ships were forced to keepe the Sea and separate themselues one from the other where winde and weather would driue them vntill the fifteenth of March for that in all that time they could not haue one day of faire weather to anchor in whereby they indured much miserie cursing both the siluer and the Iland This storme being past they chanced to meete with small English ship of about fortie tunnes in bignesse which by reason of the great wind could not beare all her sailes so they set vpon her and tooke her and with the English flagge in their Admirals sterne they came as proudly into the Hauen as if they had conquered all the Realme of England but as the Admirall that bare the English flagge vpon her sterne was entring into the Road there came by chance two English ships by the Iland that paid her so well for her paines that they were forced to cry Misericordia and without all doubt had taken her if she had beene but a mile further
for they had lost in fighting and by drowning aboue foure hundred men and of the English were slaine about a hundred Sir Richard Greenfield himselfe being wounded in his braine whereof afterwards he died He was borne into the Sâ—ip called the Saint Paul wherein was the Admirall of the Fleete Don Alonso de Barsan there his wounds were drest by the Spanish Surgeons but Don Alonso himselfe would neither see him nor speake with him all the rest of the Captaines and Gentlemen went to visite him and to comfort him in his hard fortune wondring at his courage and stout heart for that he shewed not any signe of faintnesse nor changing of coloâ—r But feeling the houre of death to approach he spake these words in Spanish and said Here dye I Richard Greenfield with a ioyfull and quiet minde for that I haue ended my life as a true Souldier ought to doe that hath fought for his Countrey Queene Religion and honour whereby my Soule most ioyfull departeth out of this body and shall alwayes leaue behinde it an euerlasting fame of a valiant and true Soldier that hath done his duetie as hee was bound to doe When he had finished these or such other like words he gaue vp the Ghost with great and stout courage and no man could perceiue any true signe of heauinesse in him This Sir Richard Greenfield was a great and a rich Gentleman in England and had great yearely reuenewes of his owne inheritance but he was a man very vnquiet in his minde and greatly affected to warre in so much as of his owne priuate motion he offered his seruice to the Qâ—eene He had performed many valiant acts and was greatly feared in these Ilands and knowne of euery man but of nature very seuere so that his owne people hated him for his fiercenesse and spake very hardly of him for when they first entred into the Fleete or Armado they had their great saile in a readinesse and might possibly enough haue sailed away for it was one of the best Ships for saile in England and the Master perceiuing that the other Ships had left them and followed not after commanded the great saile to be cut that they might make away but Sir Richard Greenfield threatned both him and all the rest that were in the Ship that if any man laid hand vpon it he would cause him to be hanged and so by that occasion they were compelled to fight and in the end were taken He was of so hard a complexion that as hee continued among the Spanish Captaines while they were at dinner or supper with him hee would carouse three or foure Glasses of Wine and in a brauery take the Glasses betweene his teeth and crash them in peeces and swallow them downe so that often times the bloud ran out of his mouth without any harme at all vnto him and this was told me by diuers credible persons that many times stood and beheld him The Englishmen that were left in the Ship as the Captaine of the Souldiers the Master and others were dispersed into diuers of the Spanish Ships that had taken them where there had almost a new fight arisen betweene the Biscaines and the Portugals while each of them would haue the honour to haue first boorded her so that there grew a great noise and quarrell among them one taking the chiefe Ancient and the other the Flagge and the Captaine and euery one held his owne The ships that had boorded her were altogether out of order and broken and many of their men hurt whereby they were compelled to come into the Iland of Tercera there to repaire themselues where being arriued I and my chamber-fellow to heare some newes went aboord one of the Ships being a great Biscaine and one of the twelue Apostles whose Captaine was called Bertandono that had bin Generall of the Biscaines in the fleete that went for England He seeing vs called vs vp into the Gallery where with great curtesie he receiued vs being as then set at dinner with the English Captaine that sat by him and had on a sute of blacke Veluet but he could not tell vs any thing for that he could speake no other language but English and Latine which Bartandono also could a little speake The English Captaine that he might come on land with his weapon by his side and was in our lodging with the Englishman that was kept prisoner in the Iland being of that ship whereof the sailers got away as I said before The Gouernour of Tercera bad him to dinner and shewed him great curtesie The Master likewise with licence of Bartandono came on land and was in our lodging and had at the least ten or twelue wounds as well in his head as on his body whereof after that being at Sea betweene Lisbone and the Ilands he died The Captaine wrote a Letter wherein he declared all the manner of the fight and left it with the English Merchant that lay in our lodging to send it to the Lord Admirall of England The English Captaine comming to Lisbone was there well receiued and not any hurt done vnto him but with good conuoy sent to Sentuual and from thence sayled into England with all the rest of the Englishmen that were taken prysoners The Spanish Armie staied at the Iland of Corus till the last of September to assemble the rest of the Fleete together which in the end were to the number of one hundred and forty sayle of Ships partly comming from India and partly of the Army and being altogether ready vnto saile to Tercera in good company there sodainly rose so hard and cruell a storme that those of the Iland did affirme that in mans memory there was neuer any such seene or heard of before for it seemed the Sea would haue swallowed vp the Ilands the water mounting higher then the Cliffes which are so high that it amaseth a man to behold them but the Sea reached aboue them and liuing fishes were throwne vpon the land This storme continued not onely a day or two with one winde but seuen or eight dayes continually the winde turning round about in all places of the compasse at the least twice or thrice during that time and all alike with a continuall storme and tempest most terrible to behold euen to vs that were on shore much more then to such as were at Sea so that onely on the Coasts and Clifts of the Iland of Tercera there were aboue twelue Ships cast away and not onely vpon the one side but round about it in euery corner whereby nothing else was heard but complaining crying lamenting and telling here is a ship broken in peeces against the Cliffes and there another and all the men drowned so that for the space of twenty dayes after the storme they did nothing else but fish for dead men that continually came driding on the shore Among the rest was the English ship called the Reuenge that was cast away vpon
made three or foure thousand pounds worth of Oyle they preferred it before Greenland Whale-fishing and purpose the next winter to fish for Whale here for Cod we assaied but found none there is good store no doubt in their season Neither got we anie fish all the time we lay there but some few little ones on the shoare We found great Mussles and verie fat and full of Sea Pearle but we could not eate them for they made vs all sicke that did eate as well sailers as passengers they caused to cast and scoure but they were soone well againe The Baie is so round and circling that before we could come to anchor we went round all the points of the Compasse We could not come neere the shoare by three quarters of an English mile because of shallow water which was a great preiudice to vs for our people going on shoare were forced to wade a Bow shoote or two in going aland which caused manie to get colds and coughs for it was manie times freezing cold weather This day before we came to harbour obseruing some not well affected to vnitie and concord but gaue some appearance of faction it was thought good there should be an association and agreement that we should combine together in one bodie and to submit to such gouernment and Gouernours as we should by common consent agree to make and choose and set our hands to this that followes word for word IN the name of God Amen We whose names are vnderwritten the loyall Subiects of our dread Soueraigne Lord King Iames by the grace of God of Great Britaine France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith c. Hauing vndertaken for the glorie of God and aduancement of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Countrie a Voiage to plant the first Colonie in the Northerne parts of Virginia doe by these presents solemnely and matually in the presence of GOD and one of another couenant and combine our selues together in a ciuill bodie politike for our better ordering and preseruation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid and by vertue hereof to enact constitute and frame such iust and equall Lawes Ordinances acts constitutions offices from time to time as shall be thought most meete and conuenient for the generall good of the Colonie vnto which wee promise all due submission and obedience In witnesse whereof we haue here vnder suscribed our names Cape Cod eleuenth of Nouember in the yeare of the raigne of our Soueraigne Lord King IAMES of England France and Ireland 18. and of Scotland 54. Anno Domino 1620. The same day so soone as we could we set ashoare fifteene or sixteene men well armed with some to fetch Wood for we had none left as also to see what the Land was and what Inhabitants they could meete with they found it to be a small necke of Land on this side where we lay is the Bay and the furthest side the Sea the ground or earth sand hils much like the Downes in Holland but much better the crust of the earth a Spits depth excellent blacke earth all woodded with Oakes Pines Saffafras Iuniper Birch Holly Vines some Ash Walnut the Wood for the most part open and without vnder-wood fit either to goe or ride in at night our people returned but found not anie person nor habitation and laded their Boate with Iuniper which smelled verie sweete and strong and of which wee burnt the most part of the time we lay there Munday the thirteenth of Nouember we vnshipped our Shallop and drew her on land to mend and repaire her hauing bin forced to cut her downe in bestowing her betwixt the decks and she was much opened with the peoples lying in her which kept vs long ther for it was sixteene or seuenteene daies before the Carpenter had finished her our people went on shoare to refresh themselues and our women to wash as they had great neede but whilest wee lay thus still hoping our Shallop would be readie in fiue or six daies at the furthest but our Carpenter made slow worke of it so that some of our people impatient of delay desired for our better furtherance to trauaile by Land into the Countrie which was not without appearance of danger not hauing the Shallop with them nor meanes to carrie prouision but on their backes to see whether it might be fit for vs to seate in or no and the rather because as we sailed into the Harbour there seemed to be a Riuer opening it selfe into the maine Land the willingnesse of the persons was liked but the thing it selfe in regard of the danger was rather permitted then approued and so with cautions directions and instructions sixteene men were set out with euery man his Musket Sword and Corslet vnder the conduct of Captaine Miles Standish vnto whom was adioyned for counsell and aduise William Bradford Stephen Hopkins and Edward Tilley Wednesday the fifteenth of Nouember they were set a shoare and when they had ordered themselues in order of a single File and marched about the space of a mile by the Sea they espied fiue or six people with a Dogge comming towards them who were Sauages who when they saw them ran into the Woods and whistled the Dogge after them c. First they supposed them to be Master Iones the Master and some of his men for they were a shoare and knew of their comming but after they knew them to be Indians they marched after them into the Woods least other of the Indians should lye in Ambush but when the Indians saw our men following them they ran away with might and maine and our men turned out of the Wood after them for it was the way they intended to goe but they could not come neere them They followed them that night about ten miles by the trace of their footings saw how they had come the same way they went and at a turning perceiued how they raune vp an hill to see whether they followed them At length night came vpon them and they were constrained to take vp their lodging so they set forth three Sentinels and the rest some kindled a fire and others fetched Woods there held our Randeuous that night In the morning so soone as we could see the trace we proceeded on our iournie and had the tracke vntill wee had compassed the head of a long creake and there they tooke into another Wood and we after them supposing to finde some of their dwellings but we marched thorow Boughes and Bushes and vnder Hils and Vallies which tore our verie Armour in peeces and yet could meete with none of them nor their houses nor finde any fresh water which we greatly desired and stood in neede off for we brought neither Beere nor Water with vs and our victuals was onely Bisket and Holland Cheese and a little Bottell of Aquauite so as we were sore a thirst About ten a clocke we came into a deepe Valley full of
PVRCHAS HIS PILGRIMES IN FIVE BOOKES The sixth Contayning English Voyages to the East West and South parts of America Many Sea and Land Fights Inuasions and Uictories against the Spaniards in those parts and the Spanish Ilands and Coast Townes on this side Plantations in Guiana and many strange aduentures of English-men amongst the Americans The seuenth Voyages to and about the Southerne America with many Marine Obseruations and Discourses of those Seas and Lands by English-men and others The eighth Voyages to and Land-Trauels in Florida Virgina and other parts of the Notherne AMERICA French Plantings Spanish Supplantings English-Virginian voyages and to the Ilands AZORES The ninth English Plantations Discoueries Acts and Occurrents in Virginia and Summer Ilands since the Yeere 1606. till 1624. The tenth English Discoueries and Plantations in New England New-found-land with the Patent and Voyuges to New Scotland Relations also of the Fleets set forth by Queene ELIZABETH against the Spaniards The Fourth Part. Unus Deus Una Veritas LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1625. TO THE MOST REVEREND FATHER IN GOD GEORGE Lord Archb. of Canterburie His Grace Primate of all ENGLAND and Metropolitan One of HIS MAIESTIES most HONORABLE PRIVIE COVNCELL His very good Lord. HAuing brought vnto your Grace the Sheafe of my first Fruits to bee waued before the Lord I am bold now also to offer not after 7. but aboue 77. weekes these waue loaues for my haruest that both may bee hallowed by the same Priestly hand in which respect your Graces Name which first honored my Pilgrimage hath the last place in these Pilgrime-Volumes that my All might be blessed by your gracious embracing the Alpha and Omega of my Dedications and might bee by your Fatherly benediction commended to vulgar vse The sutablenesse of the former worke to your Graces Place and recreations caused the former presumption but now the Author by frequent Dedications knowne and graciously acknowledged Yours how vnprofitable a seruant soeuer is guiltie not of single boldnesse beautifying the Frontispice with His Highnesse Name vnto your Graces entertainment especially in this time so many wayes Festiuâ—ll that your Graces Name and entertainment might so much more Entitle and Endeare the same to His Highnesse The authorising of Books in iustest order belongeth to your Grace as doth the Author also whose mistie conceits of ignorance or smokie vapours of ambition suffering the exhaling rayes of Princely heat and Highnesse hope in the Middle Region of your Gracious and vertuous moderation to be so mildly attempered that they shall neither fall short in vanishing dewes nor be reiected after a short blaze as falling Starres nor transcend into combustious Comets nor fall downe in furious Stormes but gently descend as fresh and fruitfull Showers on the thirstie Candid Readers Pardon farre-fetched similitudes to a Historie of farre-fetched rarities and the Elements of the world borrowed to patronise our world of literate Elements not being as the commendable labours of Others a Booke of Voyages and Trauels in the world but the World historised in a world of Voyages and Trauels Wherein our Ship hath beene longer in her Circum-Nauigation then any of the World-Compassers here related often in danger to be ouerset whiles the Authors impotent and impatient Genius filled all her sailes to the Top and Top-gallant beyond the proportion of her balast whereby some leakes of vnwitting errors happening in so new a course thorow so various Seas implore your Graces indulgence to the Ship and Pilot. Sir Francis Drake a Ministers sonne after a happy inuironing of the Globe feasted Queene Elisabeth aboord his Argo and then laid her vp at Deptford deuoting her Carkasse to Time Her or rather his exploits to Fame and Eternitie An English Minister beginneth and endeth his more then Circling Nauigation with the glorious Name of His Maiestie in poore but his best entertainment and returning thus manned and freighted humbly sueth to bee laid vp in the Liberties and Libraries of Saint Iames Yorke-house Westminster and Lambith Here also the Pilot further petitioneth that his Body being more leakie then his Ship your Grace to whom principally the promise was made will accept this Part of payment in satisfaction of the whole debt of his Europaean Peregrination and Christian Visitations But a long Epistle were injurie to your Graces more necèssarie imployments for the Church and State My selfe am the Epistle this Worke the Seale this Epistle but the Superscription these Pilgrimes all humble Sutors for your Gracious fauour to the worst of Your Graces SAMVEL PVRCHAS ENGLISH VOYAGES TO THE EAST WEST AND SOVTH PARTS OF AMERICA MANY SEA AND LAND FIGHTS INVASIONS AND VICTORIES AGAINST THE SPANIARDS IN those parts and the Spanish Ilands and coast Townes on this side plantations in GVIANA and many strange aduentures of Englishmen amongst the AMERICANS THE SIXTH BOOKE CHAP. 1. A briefe Relation of the seuerall Voyages vndertaken and performed by the Right Honorable GEORGE Earle of Cumberland in his owne person or at his owne charge and by his direction collected out of the Relations and Iournals of credible persons Actors therein THe first Voyage of this Right Honorable Earle was intended to the South Sea and begun from Grauesend Iune 26. 1585. with three Ships and a Pinnace the Red Dragon Admirall of 260. Tunnes with 130. men commanded by Captaine Robert Widrington the Barke Clifford Vice-admirall of 130. Tunnes with 70. men commanded by Captaine Christopher Lister he had beene taken prisoner in Barbarie at the battell of Alcassar in which King Sebastian was slaine the Roe Rere-admirall commanded by Captaine Hawes the Dorothee a small Pinnace of Sir Walter Raleighs This voyage being published at large in Master Hakluyts printed voyages I will here but briefly runne ouer Septemb. 7. they fell with the Coast of Barbarie haling in with the Road of Santa Cruce after that they anchored in Rio del Oro and searched vp the Riuer finding it fourteene or fifteene leagues vpward as broad as at the mouth some two leagues ouer The last of September they resolued for Sierra Leona from whence they departed the seuenth of Nouember The fourth of Ianuarie they fell with the American shoare in 30. degrees and 40. minutes South latitude the weather temperate Ian. 10. they tooke a little short of the Riuer of Plate a small Portugall ship and in her Abraham Cock of Leigh neere London married in that Country who was brought home by the Admirall They learned that in that Riuer were fiue Townes each of seuentie housholds or more Buenos Aeres fiftie leagues vp the Riuer the rest fortie or fiftie aboue each other Tuccaman the vppermost 230. leagues from the entrance In which was store of Corne Cattell Fruits but neither Siluer nor Gold In this Barke were fiue and fortie Negroes The next day they tooke another in which were fiue and thirtie Negro women foure
or fiue Friars one an Irishman Their Bookes Beades and Pictures cost aboue 1000. Duckets The Bishop of Tuccaman had sent for them to take possession of a Monasterie They learned of Master Iohn Drake who went in consort with Captaine Fenton cast away neere the Riuer of Plate his companie taken or slaine by the Saluages of which Iohn Drake and Richard Fairweather escaped with two or three others in a Canoa to the Spaniards and liued in those parts Here also they tooke Miles Philips left in the Countrey by Sir Iohn Hawkins After counsell taken they fell Aprill 3. with the Land of Brasil in 16. degrees and a Terse and watered in the Road of Camana They proceeded and anchored before the Towne of Baya and found in the Harbour eight Ships and one Caruell The next day they forced the Portugals to abandon foure of the best of those ships and towed them forth in despight of infinite store of great and small shot from the shoare and ships one Hulke hauing in her foure and twentie pieces of Ordnance The least of these prizes was 130. Tunnes After this they haled the Hulke and commanded the Master to follow them which he did together with a Caruell with fiftie Butts of wine They fetched reliefe from the shoare also in despite of innumerable Indians and all the enemies forces May 24. they tooke a ship of 120. Tunnes laden with Meale and Sugar But the voyage to the South Sea was defeated by some mens desire to returne in which Captaine Delamour tooke a small Pinnace The Fleâ—â—â—sish Hulke taken into the Fleet in stead of the George cast off furnished with her men suddenly tooke fire and perished Ship Men and Goods Septemb. 29. the residue reached the Coast of England after an vnprofitable and vnfortunate voyage IN the yeare 1587. when the Towne of Slewse was beseeged by the Duke of Parma Sir Roger Williams being Gouernour there the Earle put himselfe in person to make proofe of his valour in that seruice but at his arriuall found the Towne surrendred vnto the Duke the said Sir Roger being not able to hold out longer Anno 1588. amongst many of the Nobility which distributed themselues into diuers of her Maiesties Shippes vpon the approach of the Spanish Armada the Earle put himselfe aboord the Bonaduenture commanded by Captaine George Raymond when they wanne that honour that no Sea can drowne no age can weare out The Queene so accepted this Noble Earles resolution that she gaue him leaue the same yeare to goe as Generall and for his greater honour and ability was pleased to lend him the Golden Lion one of the Shippes Royall to be the Admirall which he victualled and furnished at his owne charge and aduenture hauing Commission to pursue his intended voyage towards the Spanish coasts vnder the broad Seale of England bearing date the fourth of October 1588. Attended with many braue Gentlemen he set forth about the end of October and in the Narrow Seas met with a Shippe of Dunkerke called the Hare laden with Merchandise for Spaine which after some fight he tooke and sent home But contrary windes first suspended and after that a storme which forced them to cut the maine Maste ouerboord depriued him of further hopes and ability to prosecute his true designes HIs spirit remaining neuerthelesse higher then the windes and more resolutely by stormes compact vnited in it selfe he procured a new of her Maiestie the Victory one of the Royal Nauie accompanied with the Meg and Margaret two small Ships and one Caruell which were set forth at his charges and manned with 400. Mariners and Souldiers the Admirall commanded by his Lordship and vnder him Captaine Christopher Lyster the Meg by Captaine William Mounson Viceadmirall the Margaret by Captaine Edward Careles alias Write Rereadmirall the Caruell by Captaine Pigeon The eighteenth of Iune they set forth from Plimmouth and within three dayes met with three French Ships Leaguers of New Hauen and Saint Maloes laden with New-found land fish two of them with the Margaret not able to endure the Sea were sent for England The thirteenth of Iuly his Lordship met with eleuen Dutch Ships which at first made shew to abide a fight and after a few shot yeelded and sent their Masters aboord shewing their Pasports from Hamborough Lubecke Bream Pomerland and Callice who confessed that they had goods aboord to the value of foure thousand fiue hundred pounds of a Iew of Lisbone which being deliuered and distributed his Lordship set saile for the Asores The first of August he had sight of Saint Michael and to disguise himselfe put forth a Spanish Flagge Espying foure Shippes in the Roade he resolued that night to cut their Cables and to bring them away which he accordingly performed before he was descried The Spaniards in three of them leaping into the Sea with much noise and outcry gaue the alarme to the Town which made many vaine shots at his Boate in the darke The fourth was the Falcon of London vnder the name of a Scottish Ship hauing a Scottish Pilot. The three Spaniards were laden from Siuill with Wine and Sallet Oyle The Pinnace tooke a small Shippe wherein was thirty tunnes of Madera wines same Wollen Cloath Silke and Taffata The Carracks were departed from Tercera eight dayes before He manned his Boates and obtained refreshing at Flores professing himselfe a friend to their King Don Antonio From thence rowing a shipboord the Boate was pursued two miles together by a monstrous Fish whose Finnes many times appeared about the gils aboue water foure or fiue yards a sunder and his iawes gaping a yard and a halfe wide not without great danger of ouerturning the Pinnace and deuouring some of the company but at the last they all escaped Here his Lordshippe met and accepted into consort Captaine Dauies with his Shippe and Pinnace a Shippe of Sir Walter Raleighs commanded by Captaine Markesbury and the Barke Lime Hauing intelligence that the Carracks were at Tercera he came vp to the road of Fyall the seuen and twentieth of August and descrying certaine Shippes at anchor close aboord the shoare he sent his Boates which boorded a Ship of 250. tunne armed with foureteene cast Peeces and continued fight till a supply of Boates came from the Fleete to second them and then recouered the prize The Spaniards except Iohn de Palma leapt all ouer-boord to swimme to the shoare which was so neere that the Ship was moored to the Castle from whence the great Ordinance plaied all the time of the fight onely it was not a play to the Master of the Caruell whose calfe of his legge was shot away This Shippe came laden from Port-Racco with Sugar Ginger and Hides The Ship-boates fetched also out of the Roade some other small Ships laden from Guinâ—ee with Elephants teeth Graines Coca nuts and Goate Skinnes most of which prizes he sent for England The
next day eight Englishmen prisoners stole from Tercera in a small Boate hauing no other yard for their maine saile then two Pipe staues These told his Lordship that the Carrackes were departed a weeke before which moued him to returne for Fyall with purpose to take that Towne He arriued September the tenth landing his men the Platforme shot at them in their march but they comming vp found it and the Towne ahandoned and tooke thereof possession This Towne containeth 500. housholds well and strongly built of Lime and Stone well stored with fresh water delicate Fruites and Grapes of diuers sorts He set a guard to preserue the Churches and Religious Houses and staid there foure dayes till the ransome was brought him which was 2000 Duckets most of Church Plate He shipped from the Platforme eight and fiftie Peeces of Iron Ordnance The Gouernour of Graciosa sent his Lordship sixtie Butts of Wine but excused his want of fresh water A Ship of Weymoâ—â—h came thither with a Spanish prize worth sixteene thousand pounds and brought newes of the West Indie Fleete shortly to come which after three or foure dayes playing to and fro in rough weather I let passe a Shippe of Saint Malo which he took laden with New-found-land Fish he espied going into the hauen at Angra in Tercera to the number of fifteene saile being too farre to Leeward to come neere them and they being strong and fortified with the Castle and Fort he was forced to giue ouer And although he leâ—t a Pinnace for aduice intending to waite for them at Sea yet she returned with newes that they had taken off their sailes and downe their topmasts with resolution of longer stay Wherefore he sailed to Saint Michaels and being there repelled from watering went to Saint Maries where they found two Brasil Ships laden with Sugar which the Ilanders fought to bring a ground but Captaine Lyster hastning the attempt in the face of the enemie and danger of continuall shoare-shot borded the vttermost cut asunder her Cables and Hawsers and towed her away whiles Captaine Dauies entred the other then a ground and abandoned and was forced to forsake her Two men were slaine and sixteene hurt But a greater losse followed whiles the Earle in person sought to get the other ship Captaine Lyster rashly disvaluing the enemies force the Barre also detayning them on ground in the midst of danger from the enemie to the losse and hurt of eightie men His Lordship receiued three shot vpon his Target and a fourth on the side not deepe his head also broken with stones that the bloud couered his face both it and his legs likewise burned with fire-balls The Meg being leakie was sent with the prize into England and his Lordship held his course for Spaine By the way he tooke a Portugal ship laden from Brasil and after that another which was one of the fifteene which had before entred Angra being a ship of 400. Tunnes laden from Mexico and Saint Iohn de Vlhua with seuen hundred hides sixe chists of Cochenele certaine chists of Sugar and some Siluer The Captaine was an Italian and had in her fiue and twentie thousand Duckets aduenture Thus full of ioy they resolued homewards but Sea-fortunes are variable hauing two inconstant Parents Aire and Water His Lordship sent Captaine Lyster in the Mexican prize for Portsmouth which at Helclâ—ffe in Cornwall was wracked the Captaine and all his companie drowned except fiue or sixe Scarsitie of drinke caused by contrarie windes caused his Lordship to seeke to recouer some part of Ireland for reliefe but wayting for entrance was put off againe their Beere and Water being all spent Three spoonfuls of vineger were allowed to each man at a meale with some small reliefe squeezed out of the lâ—es of their wine vessels which continued fourteene dayes without other supply then the drops of Haile and Raine carefully saued with Sheets and Napkins Some dranke vp the soyled running water at the Scupper-holes others saued by deuise the runnings downe the Masts and â—arred Ropes and many licked the moist Boards Railes and Masts with their tongues like Dogs Yet was that Raine so intermingled with the sprie of the foaming Seas in that extreme storme that it could not be healthfull yea some in their extremitie of thirst dranke themselues to death with their Cannes of salt-water in their hands Notwithstanding this extreme scarsitie his noble charitie caused equall distribution of the small store they had aswell to all his prisoners as to his owne people By this time the lamentable cryes of the sicke and hurt men for drinke was heard in euery corner of the ship for want whereof many perished ten or twelue euery night more then otherwise had miscarried in the whole Voyage The storme continuing added to their misery tearing the ship in such sort as his Lordships Cabbin the dining roome and halfe Decke became all one and he was forced to seeke a new lodging in the hold His minde was yet vndaunted and present his bodily presence and preuentions readie The last of Nouember hee spake with an English ship which promised him the next morning two or three tunnes of Wine but soone after vnfortunately came on ground The next day hee had some supply of Beere but not sufficient to enable him to vndertake for England Hee therefore the winde seruing put into Ventre Hauen in the Westermost part of Ireland where hauing well refreshed the twentieth of December he set sayle for England His Lordship in this Voyage tooke thirteene Prizes but that which was worth more then all the rest was lost yet the profit redoubled his aduentures At his arriuall in London hee met with the vnfortunate newes of the death of his eldest Sonne Francis Lord Clifford which died the twelfth of December 1589. yet was comforted with the birth of the Ladie Anne Clifford borne the last of Ianuary following his Daughter and by the death of Robert Lord Clifford who dyed the fourteenth of May 1591. his heire now the vertuous wife of the Right Honourable Richard Earle of Dorset THis Honourable Sparke was further kindled and enflamed by former disasters and obtayning of her Majestie a new ship called the Garland a ship of sixe hundred tunnes added the Samson Vice-admirall a ship of his Lordships of two hundred and sixtie tunnes the Golden Noble Reare-admirall and to them the Allagarta and a small Pinnasse called the Discouerie With these he set forth 1591. at his owne charge to the Coast of Spaine where hee tooke good purchase a ship laden at Saint Thomas with Sugars which he was forced to cast off by an irrecouerable leake another also which after long contrary winds in her course for England was driuen to put into a Spanish Harbour for want of victuals But in two other hee was more vnfortunate For Captayne Munson being sent to dispatch the goods and the Golden Noble to accompany them
the Forefight without entring any one man tooke opportunitie to free her selfe And now both ships companies beeing entred into the Fore-cheynes the Fore-castle was so high that without any resistance the getting vp bad â—â—â—ne difficult But heere was strong resistance some irrecouerably falling by the boâ—rd aâ—◠〈…〉 ssault continued an houre and an halfe so braue a bootie making the men fight like Dragons till the Fore-castle being gained the Portugals stowed themselues in holds The English now hunted after nothing but pillage and were readie to goe to the eares about it each man lighting a Candle the negligence of which fired a Cabbin in which were sixe hundred Cartrages of Powder The rumour hereof made them all readie to forsake the Carrike when Captayne Norton with some others with buckets of water aduentured the quenching of that fire Feare of leake by the fight and neernesse of the shoare were great parts of his care All these dangâ—rs freed contention about so rich a pillage was welnigh kindling in the Commanders beeing so diuersly commanded and employed but Sir Iohn Burroughes pretending the Queenes name Captayne Norton yeelded that hee should take care of the Carricke which he accordingly repayred lands about eight hundred Negros on Coruo detaynes the ordinary Saylers commits the Gentlemen to a ship of the Eaâ—le of Cumberlands to goe whether they would who escaped not a second rifling by other Englishmen of warre which tooke from them thus negligently dismissed nine hundred Diamonds besides other odde ends The Earle of Cumberland had notice by a Pinnasse sent from Captayne Norton twentie dayes before the Carricke came into England and had Commission from the Queene for her safe harbouring Hardly she escaped the Rockes of Silly the Tigre also participating in that danger and came to Dartmouth being so huge and vnweldie a ship as shee was neuer remooued out of that Harbour but there laid vp her bones His Lordships share would haue amounted according to his employment of ships and men to two or three Millions but because his Commission large enough otherwise had not prouided for the case of his returne and substituting another in his place some adjudged it to depend on the Queenes mercie and bountie Neyther yet by reason of some mens imbezelling had her Majestie the account of the fifth part of her value and the Earle was faine to accept of sixe and thirtie thousand pounds for him and his as out of gift THe next yeere 1593. his Lorship procured two ships Royall the Golden Lion Admirall commanded by himselfe the Bonaduenture Vice-admirall and therewith employed the Backe Chaldon the Pilgrime the Anthonie and the Disconerie which three last when hee came to the Coast of Spaine hee sent for the West Indies Hee tooke from the protection of fourteene great Hulkes two French ships of Saint Malowes which then held for the league and vâ—â—re therefore reputed in state of Spaniards of great value one of which he carried with him and sent the other into England The Spaniards hauing intelligence set forth an Armada against him which waited for him at the Ilands and the Earle hearing of their beeing at Flores and within fiue leagues of them lighted on a ship which they had sent to descry which before shee could recouer her fleet he tooke He learning by these that the Spanish fleet trebled the force of his hauing kept company with them one day quitted them and kept tenne or twelue leagues distant from them three weekes In which space he fell sicke beyond hope of life without returne or refreshing from the shoare Captayne Monson with much hazard procured him some refreshing from Coruo and leauing the rest of the ships which tooke one Prize after hee returned for England this proouing the most gainfull Voyage which he made before or after THe Anthonie of one hundred and twentie tunnes commanded by Captayne Iames Langton Pilot Antonio Martino a Spaniard which had long liued in those Indies and wel acquainted with those Ports the Pilgrime of one hundred tunnes commanded by Captayne Francis Slingsbie Diego Petrus a Spanish Pilot and the Discouerie these three after fare well solemnely taken and giuen by shot on all hands shaped their Course for the Antillas and fell with the Iland of Saint Lucia there and at Matinnio refreshing themselues three dayes they concluded to attempt the taking of the Rancherias which are the Pearle-fishings of Margarita contayning sixe or seuen seuerall small Villages which for that purpose they inhabit but not aboue one of them at once when their fishing failes there remouing to another and so by course hauing emptie houses standing alway readie for that purpose The Pearles for more safetie are monethly carried to the Towne of Margarita three leagues from the waters side They kept out of sight all day for feare of discouerie and at night landed and visited two emptie Rancherias but taking a Spaniard which then came thither in a Boate with two Indians they made him their guide to the inhabited Rancheria fiue leagues off commanding the Boates to row along the shoare and not to double the point till euening The two Captaynes with eight and twentie men marched by land in the heat which with want of water much annoyed them They came thither in the beginning of the night and agreed to assault the place in three places at once notwithstanding their small numbers lest they should gather head any where The Spaniards at first thought it had beene some false alarme of the Gouernour and bid away with this iesting but finding it earnest hastily fled to the woods Thus did they take the Towne with some two thousand pounds value in Pearle besides what other pillage the Souldiers gate Their weapons they brake for feare of pursuite In the morning they went aboord the fishing Boats and tooke their Oysters gotten the night before and gate aboord their ships much in suspense for them not knowing of this sudden enterprize the fifth day after they had gone from them The shippes now comming before the Towne demanded ransome for their houses and Canoas to redeeme which from destruction they gaue two thousand Duckets in Pearle But Caruels of aduice hauing euery-where giuen intelligence of them at Cumana they found them on their guard and returned not without losse Thence they coasted Terra F 〈…〉 ma till they came to the Ilands of Aruba and Corresao where they landed and refreshed themselues Thence to Rio de Hache which they thought to haue taken but found the enemy ready for them with other intelligence that they had carried their goods into the Mountaynes They therefore set saile for Hispaniola came to Cape Tuberone and thence to the Bay of Saint Nicholas and thence to Fort Plat and others on the North side thence to Mona and so Sauona where they watered againe in this manner The Iland is low destitute of any Spring and to the Sea a small
to forgiue and true of word Sir Francis hâ—rd in reconciliation and constancie in friendship he was withall seuere and courteous magnaâ—imious and liberall They were both faultie in ambition but more the one then the other For in Sir Francis was an in sâ—tiable desire of honor indeed beyond reason He was infinite in promises and more temperate in aduersity then in better Fortune He had also other imperfections as aptnesse to anger and bitternesse in disgracing and too much pleased with open flattery Sir Iohn Hawkins had in him malice with dissimulation rudenesse in behauiour and passing sparing indeed miserable They were both happy alike in being Great Commanders but not of equall successe and grew great and famous by one meanes rising through their owne Vertues and the Fortune of the Sea Their was no comparison to bee made betweene their wel-deseruing and good parts for therein Sir Francis Drake did farre exceede This is all I haue obserued in the Uoyages wherein I haue serued with them R. M. A briefe recitall or nomination of Souldiers other Englishmens Voyages related at large in the printed Works of Master HAKLVYT OTher Voyages might here be inserted made by Englishmen into the Bay of Mexico as that by Captayne W. Michelson and William Mace of Ratcliffe in the Dogge 1589. which there tooke three shippes They held fight with a Spanish man of Warre who by fraud sought perfidiously to obtayne that which they could not by vnspotted Fortitude They put out a flagge of Truce and after kinde entertaynment aboord the English inuited them to their shippe where they assaulted them stabbing Roger Kingsâ—old the Pilot to the Heart staying others and forcing the rest to trust God and the Sea rather then the Deuill and the Spaniards thus swimming to their ship The valiant fight of the Content a small ship of Sir George Câ—reys Lord Hundsdon Lord Chamberlaine 1591. Iune 13. with three great Spanish ships each of six or seuen hundred and one small shippe and two Gallies farre more beeing slaine of the enemies then the English had to fight I leaue to Master Hakluyts report as also Captayne Christopher Newport his Voyage with three ships and a Pinnasse the same yeere which tooke and spoyled Yaguana and Ocoa in Hispaniâ—la and Truxillo besides other Prizes and in the way homeward were at the taking of the Madre de Dios. The next yeere Captayne Lane Gen. of Master Wats his fleete Captayne Roberts in the Exchange of Bristâ—ll and Captayne Beniamin Wood with foure shippes set forth by the Lord Thomas Howard Captayne Kenell of Lime-house and Captayne King of Ratcliffe Road with thirteene sayles before Hauana wayting for purchase Anno 1594. the Honourable Sir Robert Dudley set forth with two ships and two Pinnasses and made his Voyage to Trinidada and the Coast of Paria returning by the Iles of Granata Santa Cruez Santa Iuan de Puerto Rico Mona Zacheo and Bermuda In which Voyage he and his company tooke or sunke nine Spanish ships of which one was a man of Warre of sixe hundred tuns The particulars are related by himselfe in Master Hakluyt In him also the Reader may find the victorious Voyage of Captayne Amias Presten and Captayne George Summers both since Knights Anno 1595. in which the Iles of Puerto Santo and of Coche neere Margarita the Fort and Towne of Coro the Citie of Saint Iago de Leon were sacked and burnt the Towne of Cumana ransomed and Iamaica entred Sir Antonie Sherley Anno 1596. set forth from Hampton with nine ships and a Galley to Saint Iago Dominica Margarita Iamaica Bay of Honduras and homewards by New foundland This and Captayne Parkers Voyage 1596. to the same parts and Ports with his taking of Campeche the chiefe Towne of Iacatan and bringing thence a Frigat laden with the Kings Tribute Also the Voyages of Sir Walter Raleigh to Guiana and other intelligences of that Nation likewise Master William Hawkins his Voyages to Brasill and those of Reâ—iger and Borey Pudsâ—y Stephen Hare Sir Iames Lancasters taking of Fernambuc Fenton and Ward and Iohn Drakes Voyage after his departure from Fenton vp the Riuer of Plate and liuing fifteene moneths with the Sauages Anno 1582. All these I referre to the painfull labours of Master Hakluyt who hath well deserued of the English Nation and of these Neptunian Heroes that I mention not the many Voyages of others in those times of difference betwixt England and Spaine which here and there you shall finde mention of in these Relations Also Anno 1589. three ships were set forth by Master Chidlie and others for the Magellan Straites one of which arriued there and tooke there a Spaniard one of the foure hundred which had beene sent thither to inhabit which had long liued there alone the rest being famished They spent sixe weekes there with contrary winds and sixe only of their company teturned they also being racked on the Coast of Normandie as W. Magoths one of the sixe hath related These I doe but summarily mention as an Index rather to Master Hakluytâ— labours then with any intent to giue the discourse thereof But the strange fortunes of Peter Carder not hitherto published compell me to take speciall notice thereof which himselfe hath thus related CHAP. V. The Relation of PETER CARDER of Saint Verian in Cornwall within seuen miles of Falmouth which went with Sir FRANCIS in his Voyage about the World begun 1577. who with seuen others in an open Pinnasse or Shallop of fiue tuns with eight Oares was separated from his Generall by foule weather in the South Sea in October An. 1578. who returning by the Straites of Magellan toward Brasill were all cast away saue this one only afore named who came into England nine yeeres after miraculously hauing escaped many strange dangers aswell among diuers Sauages as Christians AFter Sir Francis Drake had passed the Straites of Magellan the sixt of September 1578. and was driuen downe to the Southwards in the South Sea vnto the latitude of fiftie fiue degrees and a terse with such accidents as are mentioned in his Voyage and returning backe toward the Straite againe The eight of October we lost sight of the Elizabeth one of our Consorts wherein Master Iohn Winter was who returned by the Straites againe as wee vnderstood afterward at our comming home into England according to his Voyage extant in print Shortly after his separation from our company our Generall commanded eight men to furnish our small Pinnasse or Shallop with eight men whose names were these my selfe Peter Carder aforesaid Richard Burnish of London Iohn Cottle and another both seruants to Master Iohn Hawkins Artyur a Dutch Trumpetor Richard Ioyner seruant to Vincent Scoble of Plimmouth Pasche Gidie of Salt Ashe and William Pitcher of London This company was commanded to waite vpon the ship for all necessary vses but hauing not passed one dayes victuals in vs nor any Card nor Compasse sauing only the
Cornelias Rere-admirall a ship of fiue hundred tunnes the Owner called Conrado likewise another great ship came with vs called the George of one Haâ—s Duke the Dauid and others with this fleete we departed from Fernambuquo the fifteenth of August 1599. and in two monethes sayle wee arriued at Lisbone where I continued with the Gouernour in his house for the space of nine moneths after which time I fell very sicke and by this time hauing spent all that I brought with me from Brasill my misery great and had beene a great deale greater had it not beene for a vertuous English woman which I met withall in a Nunnery and in that time that I was there shee made her approbation By God first and by her meanes I was saued from dying a most miserable death After my comming to Lisbone I fell very sicke in my Masters house where I lay in a backe roome hauing only a piece of an old mat for my bed thus I lay for the space of sicke weekes in the greatest misery that could be for first I was sicke of a burning Feuer none came at mee but a poore slaue of my Masters for before this time my deare friend Domingos Gâ—mes was dead this slaue in loue to me sometimes would bring me meate and water sometimes I was two daies without either meate or drinke in the end of this sixe weekes Thomas Musgraue and Master Thomas Turneâ— came to me with some Dutchmen and they amongst them gaue me twelue shillings I had receiued so many bountifull gifts before of my vertuous friend Mistris Foster that I would haue chosen rather to haue died then she should haue knowne my want but Thomas Musgraue of Ratcliffe knowing how much she fauoured me did perswade me to write vnto her the which although vnwillingly I did presently vpon the receit of my letter I receiued from her fiftie Crownes and euery day was visited from her yet for all this my sicknesse grew to be such that those that saw me thought that I could not escape except I had the helpe of some Doctor then by her meanes reporting that I was her kinsman I was carried to the Kings Hospitall where in two moneths I recouered being one and twentie times let bloud and shortly after that I was past all danger I was very kindely discharged out of the Hospitall with ten shillings in my purse After I came forth of the Hospitall I thought with my selfe that the best way was to leaue my Masters house and determine how to get my liuing by some other meanes with this determination I went to the Kings Custome house where I met with many men of all Countries there I met with some Scotchmen seeking of one that could speake the language I hearing them offered my seruice after that I had as many customers as I could turne my hands vnto and got by them for interpreting verie good maintenance many Dutch Merchants would haue had me gone backe againe in their affaires for Brusil and the Indies but I still had a desire first to come to England thinking that there I should finde some meanes to set forth my selfe in some good fashion but alas I finde that want hath no preferment now for my comming into England my determination was to haue tarried somewhat longer then I did but that my fortunes were and are euerlike to be crost for liuing as I haue told you in verie good fashion maintaining my selfe verie well by foraine Merchants that could not speake the Spanish tongue one day amongst the rest in the Kings Custome house I met with one who told me that my Master Saluador Corea de Saa did command me to come to him againe if not that he would make me be brought whither I would or no in briefe I made little account of his message and held on my course with them by whom I liued but now my old friend imprisonment and miserie comes againe and I am as farre from my long desired home as euer I was for Saluador Corea de saa seeing I would not come at him incenst the Viceroy Christopher de Mouco against me telling him what harme I might doe if I got into my Countrie I presentlâ— vpon this was taken in the streete as if I had beene some notorious villaine carried to prison cast in a dungeon where I lay God be my witnesse three daies without meate or sight of light in the end I espied a little glimpse of the light and clambering vp the wall in despaire and halfe madde I broke downe a peece of a boord that stood before an Iron grate there I cried out in such sort that a great many came to the window where many pittied me but none could helpe me c. §. IIII. The diuers Nations of Sauages in Brasil and the adioyning Regions their diuersities of Conditions States Rites Creatures and other things remarkeable which the Author obserued in his many yeares manifold peregrinations THe Petiuares are not of so wilde and barbarous conditions as many other Prouinces are in Brasil for if you come as a Merchant vnto them they will trafficke with you if as a Warrier they will fight very valiantly They are men of good stature their bodies are all carued with very fine workes and in their lips they make a hole with a Roe-bucks horne and when they come to mans estate they cut the hole of their lippes with a Cane and then the hole being bigge they weare a greene Stone therein and he that hath not this fashion is counted a pesant These Canibals haue no religion they may take as many wiues as they will or as they can get the women can take no more husbands but one except her husband giue her leaue in publike before them all then she may take whom she will When these Indians goe to the wars their wiues carry all their prouision in Baskets on their backes these Canibals goe all naked and inhabit on the Northerne parts of Brasil from Baya to Rio Grande they haue no certainty of meate but rootes and if they kill any wilde Beast or Foule in the Mountaines when he comes home looke to which of his wiues he giueth that which he bringeth with her he will lye that night then she presently goeth to the water and washeth her selfe and lying downe in a net commandeth all the rest of her husbands wiues to serue her which they doe very obediently for that day When the time commeth that any woman is to be deliuered of Childe birth she with any kinde of Nation but doe eate all kinde of people Frenchmen Portugals and Blackamoores Many times whilest I was at the Riuer of Ianuarie some ships were cast away at this Cape and all the Portugals and Blackamoores were eaten I haue seene them take great dog-fishes by the taile and dragge them ashoare In this place I haue seene very great water Aligartos which we call in English Crocodiles seuen yards long This
the Point of Macanao we had sight of the Rangeria which is as it were a little towne contayning in it some fortie or fiftie houses Here wee did not land because wee saw no people but stood it away South South-east and South and by East amongst for the Burdones About mid-night wee came close aboard the shoare by an Iland called Fâ—bacco and then wee sounded and had ground at fortie fathome The third day being Monday morning wee were becalmed some three leagues off from the mayne About twelue at noone the same day wee had sight of Point de Ray. The winde and breeses blew so strongly of the shoare that we could not come to anchor that night to the Burdones These Burdones are no Towne nor hath any houses but belongeth to the Towne of Comana The fourth day being Wednesday at foure in the afternoone wee came to an anchor at the Burdones so that wee were three dayes in getting to the shoare being in sight of it all the while About twelue at mid-night the same day wee put out our sayne-Net into the Sea for to catch some fish And about foure in the morning wee found a great Sword-fish shut into the Net which was fourteene foot long and he had a sword some three foot long The sword is square and blunt at the end hauing great prickles vpon each side of the bignesse of a wilde Bores tuske We sent our Canoa ashoare here to parley with them hauing a flagge of truce The Gouernour of Comana perceiuing our Canoa comming ashoare sent a Molato to parley with our men who saluted them very kindly inquiring of vs what newes in England and whether the Constable of Spaine were gone home into Spaine or no we told him he was gone into Spaine before we set out of England we asked of him what newes in Comana of any English men and when any had beene here hee told them about a moneth agoe and that one of them had like to haue beene taken by a French Pirat if a Flemming had not tooke his part This night there came foure Spaniards aboard our ship from a Caruell which was at an anchor halfe a league from vs. These Spaniards burged with vs some Tabacco and told vs that Captaine Lee had a Towne built for himselfe and that the Pinnasse had beene here a moneth agoe The seuenth of September in the afternoone there came the Aide of Master Eâ—dreds to an anchor in the road where we rode and then we welcommed them with a shot and they gaue vs three for one after these our salutations the Captaine of the Aide called Squire came aboard vs and told vs that Sir Oliph Lee his Pinnasse was come home before they set out of England and that Captaine Lee dyed in the Pinnasse comming into England others of his companie said that they heard he was betrayed and killed in his Hamaca in Wiapoco He also told vs that he had left some thirtie men behind him which were in great miserie and extremitie both for lacke of health and scarcitie of victuals The nineteenth of September Captaine Squire weighed and left vs going for Comonagota The Spaniards dare not trucke with vs for any thing but when that they steale aboard in the night for if that they should be espyed they should be hanged Cloth of Tissue and Gold cloth of Siluer Veluet Sattins Silkes fine woollen cloth and linnen as Cambrick Lawne Holland new Trunkes Pistols Fowling peeces and Muskets are very good commodities to truck with the Spaniards and all other places in the Indies I noted one thing amongst many things concerning the nature of that climate of Comana It is monstrous hot all the day long till it be noone and then there blowes a coole breese and at noone you shall alwayes haue thundering and lightning without any raine for the most part The towne of Comana stands two miles from the Sea-side and cannot be seene by reason of the trees which couer the sight of it but you may see the Gouernours house for it stands vpon the top of a Hill looking ouer the trees which eouer the towne The eight and twentieth of September being Saturday wee espyed seuen faile of Flemmings bound for Ponitra The thirtieth day being Monday we weighed for Loyntra and wee steered away North and North and by West for Ponitra from Camana and about sixe of the clocke in the morning we arriued there safely The fourteenth of October Captaine Catlin and two other Gentlemen went out of our ship vpon some discontentments misliking of the Master of our ships vsagâ— towards them and had their passage in two Hollanders that were riding at Ponitra The fiue and twentieth about eight a clocke at night wee weighed at Ponitra hauing two Flemmish ships our consorts with vs. On the thirtieth we had sight of the Westermost end of Porto Rico called Cape Roxo and of a little Iland some foure leagues off called Echro Here we stayed till Friday and Saturday hoping for to haue gotten the shoare for fresh water and Oranges but we had no winde at all to serue our turnes About Saturday at noone there came vnto vs a Flemmish boat with a dozen men in it these men told vs that vpon Sunday the seuen and twentieth day of this moneth there came nineteene saile of Spaniards and that they had taken all the ships which we left behinde vs in number ten sauing two ships of Captaine Mogerownes which scaped by their swift sayling and that they themselues being ashoare with their Boat made an escape from Ponetra and so came to vs at Porto Rico which is one hundred and threescore leagues where wee refreshed our selues with fresh water and Oranges The ninth of Nouember being Saturday wee disembogued from Porto Rico. The two and twentieth of December we saw Flores one of the Ilands of the Asores CHAP. XVI A Relation of a voyage to Guiana performed by ROBERT HARCOVRT of Stanton Harcourt in the Countie of Oxford Esquire To Prince CHARLES IN the yeere of our Lord 1608. and the 23. of March when I had furnished my selfe with one ship of fourscore tunnes called the Rose a Pinnasse of sixe and thirtie tunnes called the Patience and a Shallop of nine tunnes called the Lilly which I built at Dartmouth and had finished my other business there and prepared all things in readinesse to begin my voyage the winde reasonably seruing I then imbarked my companie as followeth In the Rose I was accompanied with Captaine Edward Fisher Captaine Edward Haruey Master Edward Gifford and my Cousin Thomas Harcourt and besides them I had of Gentlemen and others one and thirtie Land-men two Indians and three and twentie Mariners and Saylers In the Patience my brother Captaine Michael Harcourt had with him of Gentlemen and others twentie Land-men and eleuen Mariners and Saylers In the Lilly Iasper Lilly the Master had one Land-man and two Saylers so that my iust number
Indies vnder my Fathers charge and the principall cause of taking the great Carack brought to Dartmouth by Sir Iohn Borrow and the Earle of Cumberlands ships Anno 1592. with others of moment in her other Voyages To vs shee neuer brought but cost trouble and care Hauing made an estimate of the charge of Victuals Munition Imprests Sea-store and necessaries for the said ship consorting another of an hundred tunnes which I waited for daily from the Straites of Giberalter with a Pinnace of sixtie tunnes all mine owne And for a competent number of men for them as also of all sorts of merchandises for trade and traffâ—cke in all places where we should come I began to wage men to buy all manner of victuals prouisions and to lade her with them and with all sorts of commodities which I could call to minde fitting and dispatched order to my seruant in Pilmouth to put in a readinesse my Pinnace as also to take vp certaine prouisions which are better cheape in those parts then in London as Beefe Porke Bisket and Sider The eight of Aprill 1593. I caused the Pilot to set sayle from Black-wall and to vaile downe to Graues-end whither that night I purposed to come And for that shee was very deepe loden and her Ports open the water beganne to enter in at them which no bodie hauing regard vnto thinking themselues safe in the Riuer it augmented in such manner as the weight of the water began to presse downe the side more then the winde At length when it was seene and the sheete flowne she could hardly be brought vpright But God was pleased that with the diligence and trauell of the Companie shee was freed of that danger whiâ—h may be a gentle warning to all such as take charge of shipping euen before they set sayle either in Riuer or Harbour or other part to haue an eye to their Ports and to see those shut and calked which may cause danger for auoiding the many mishaps which daily chance for the neglect thereof and haue beene most lamentable spectacles and examples vnto vs Experiments in the Great Harrie Admirall of England which was ouer-set and sunke at Portsmouth with her Captaine Carew and the most part of his companie drowned in a goodly Summers day with a little flaw of winde for that her Ports were all open and making a small hele by them entred their destruction where if they had beene shut no winde could â—aue hurt her especially in that place In the Riuer of Thames Master Thomas Candish had a small ship ouer-set through the same negligence And one of the Fleet of Sir Francis Drake in Santo Domingo Harbour turned her keele vpward likewise vpon the same occasion with many others which we neuer haue knowledge of Comming neere the South fore-land the winde began to vere to the South-east and by South so as we could not double the point of the Land and being close aboord the shoare and putting our ship to stay what with the chapping Sea and what with the Tide vpon the Bowe she mist staying and put vs in some danger before we could flat about therefore for doubling the Point of any Land better is euer a short boord then to put all in perill Being cleere of the race of Portland the winde began to suffle with fogge and misling raine and forced vs to a short sayle which continued with vs three dayes the winde neuer vering one point nor the fogge suffering vs to see the Coast. The third day in the fogge we met with a Barke of Dartmouth which came from Rochell and demanding of them if they had made any land answered that they had onely seene the Ediestone that morning which lieth thwart of the Sound of Plimouth and that Dartmouth as they thought bare off vs North North-east which seemed strange vnto vs for we made account that wee were thwart of Exmouth within two houres after the weather beganne to cleere vp and wee found our selues thwart of the Berry and might see the small Barque bearing into Torbay hauing ouer-shot her Port which errour often happeneth to those that make the land in foggie weather and vse not good diligence by sound by lying off the land and other circumstances to search the truth and is cause of the losse of many a ship and the sweete liues of multitudes of men That euening wee anchored in the range of Dartmouth till the floud was spent and the ebbe come wee set sayle againe And the next morning early being the sixe and twentieth of Aprill we harboured our selues in Plimouth And in this occasion I found by experience that one of the principall parts required in a Mariner that frequenteth our coastes of England is to cast his Tides and to knowe how they set from point to point with the difference of those in the Channell from those of the shoare After the hurts by a cruell storme in which the Pinnace was sunke and the Daiaties Mast cut ouer-boord repaired I beganne to gather my companie aboord which occupied my good friends and the Iustices of the Towne two dayes and forced vs to search all lodgings Tauerns and Ale-houses For some would euer bee taking their leaue and neuer depart some drinke themselues so drunke that except they were carried aboord they of themselues were not able to goe one steppe others knowing the necessitie of the time faigned themselues sicke others to bee indebted to their Hosts and forced mee to ransome them one his Chest another his Sword another his Shirts another his Carde and Instruments for Sea And others to benefit themselues of the Imprest giuen them absented themselues making a lewd liuing in deceiuing all whose money they could lay hold of which is a scandall too rife amongst our Sea-men by it they committing three great offences First Robberie of the goods of another person Secondly Breach of their faith and promise Thirdly Hinderance with losse of time vnto the Voyage all being a common iniurie to the owners victuallers and companie which many times hath beene an vtter ouerthrow and vndoing to all in generall An abuse in our Common-wealth necessarily to be reformed Master Thomas Candish in his last Voyage in the Sound of Plimouth being readie to set sayle complained vnto mee that persons which had absented themselues in Imprests had cost him aboue a thousand and fiue hundred pounds These Varlets within a few dayes after his departure I saw walking the streetes of Plimouth whom the Iustice had before sought for with great diligence and without punishment And therefore it is no wonder that others presume to doe the like Impunitas peccandi illecebra The like complaint made Master George Reymond and in what sort they dealt with mee is notorious and was such that if I had not beene prouident to haue had a third part more of men then I had need of I had beene forced to goe to the Sea vnmanned or to giue ouer my
was entred by the Spaniard the day of the three Kings but my company vrged me so farre that except I should seeme in all things to ouer-beare them in not condiscending to that which in the opinion of all but my selfe seemed profitable and best I could not but yeeld vnto though it carried a false colour as the end prooued for it was our perdition This all my company knoweth to be true whereof some are yet liuing and can giue testimonie But the Mariner is ordinarily so carried away with the desire of Pillage as sometimes for very appearances of small moment he looseth his Voyage and many times himselfe And so the greedinesse of spoile onely hoped for in ships of Trade which goe too and fro in this Coast blinded them from forecasting the perill whereinto wee exposed our Voyage in discouering our selues before we past the Coast of Callao which is the Port of Lyma To bee short wee haled the Coast aboord and that Euening wee discouered the Port of Valparizo which serueth the Citie of Saint Iago standing some twentie leâ—â—ues into the Countrey when presently wee descried foure shippes at an Anchor whereupon wee manned and armed our Boate which rowed towards the shippes they seeing vs turning in and fearing that which was ranne ashoare with that little they could saue and left vs the rest whereof wee were Masters in a moment and had the rifling of all the Store-houses on the shoare This night I set a good guard in all the shippes longing to see the light of the next morning to put all things in order which appearing I beganne to suruay them and found nothing of moment saue fiue hundred Botozios of Wine two or three thousand of Hennes and some refreshing of Bread Bacon dryed Beefe Waxe Candles and other necessaries The rest of their lading was plankes Sparres and Timber for Lyma and the Valleyes which is a rich Trade for it hath no Timber but that which is brought to it from other places They had also many packs of Indian Mantles but of no value vnto vs with much Tallow and Manteca de Puerco and abundance of great new Chests in which we had thought to bee some great masse of wealth but opening them found nothing but Apples therein all which was good Merchandize in Lyma but to vs of smal account The Merchandize on shore in their store-houses was the like and therefore in the same predicament The Owners of the ships gaue vs to vnderstand that at a reasonable price they would redeeme their ships and loading which I harkened vnto and so admitted certaine persons which might treate of the matter and concluded with them for a small price rather then to burne them sauing for the greatest which I carried with me more to giue satisfaction to my people then for any other respect because they would not be perswaded but that there was much Gold hidden in her otherwise she would haue yeelded vs more then the other three Being in this Treaty one morning at the breake of day came another ship towring into the harbor and standing into the shoare but was becalmed Against her we manned a couple of Boats and tooke her before many houres In this ship we had some good quantitie of Gold which shee had gathered in Baldiuia and the Conception from whence shee came Of this ship was Pilot and part owner Alonso Perezbueno whom we kept for our Pilot on this Coast till moued with compassion for that he was a man charged with wife and children we set him ashoare betwixt Santa and Truxillo Out of this ship we had also store of good Bacon and some prouision of Bread Hens and other victuall We gaue them the ship and the greatest part of her loading freely Here wee supplied our want of Anchors though not according to that which was requisite in regard of the burden of our ship for in the South Sea the greatest Anchor for a ship of sixe or eight hundred tunnes is not a thousand waight partly because it is little subiect to stormes and partly because those they had till our comming were all brought out of the North Sea by Land for they make no Anchors in those Countreyes And the first Artillerie they had was also brought ouer Land which was small the carriage and passage from Nombre de Dios or Porto Bello to Panama being most difficult and steepe vp hill and downe hill they are all carried vpon Negroes backes But some yeeres before my imprisonment they fell to making of Artillery and since they forge Anchors also We furnished our ship also with a shift of sailes of Cotton-cloth whiâ—h are farre better in that Sea then any of our double sayles for that in all the Nauigation of that Sea they haue little raine and few stormes but where raine and stormes are ordinary they are not good for with the wet they grow so stiffe that they cannot be handled In treating of the ransomes and transporting and lading the prouisions wee made choice of wee spent some sixe or eight dayes at the end whereof with reputation amongst our enemies and a good portion towards our charges and our ship as well stored and victualled as the day we departed from England we set sayle The time we were in this Port I took small rest and so did the Master of our ship Hugh Cornish a most carefull orderly and sufficient man because wee knew our owne weaknesse for entring into the Harbour wee had but seuentie fiue men and boyes fiue ships to guard and euery one moored by himselfe which no doubt if our enemies had knowne they would haue wrought some stratagem vpon vs for the Gouernour of Chily was there on shoare in view of vs an ancient Flanders Souldier and of experience wisdome and valour called Don Alonso de Sotâ— Mayor of the habit of Saint Iago who was after Captaine Generall in Terra firme and wrought all the inuentions vpon the Riuer of Chagree and on the shoare when Sir Francis Drake purposed to goe to Panama in the Voyage wherein he died As also at my comming into Spaine hee was President in Panama and there and in Lyma vsed mee with great courtesie like a Noble Souldier and liberall Gentleman hee confessed to mee after that hee lay in ambush with three hundred horse and foot to see if at any time we had landed or neglected our watch with Balsas which is a certaine Raffe made of Masts or Trees fastened together to haue attempted something against vs. Buâ— the enemy I feared not so much as the Wine which notwithstanding all the diligence and preuention I could vse day and night ouerthrew many of my people A foule fault because too common amongst Sea-men and deserueth some rigorous punishment with seueritie to be executed A league or better before a man discouer this Bay to the South-wards lieth a great Rocke or small Iland neere the shoare vnder which for a need
Predecessors could neuer attaine vnto without great cost labour and cares and oftentimes with the losse and destruction of diuers Which when the Bishop of Chiapa vnderstood hee determined also to write an Apologie in the vulgar tongue against the said Doctors summarie in defence of the Indies therein impugning and vndermining his foundations and answering all reasons or whatsoeuer the Doctor could alleage for himselfe therein displaying and setting before the peoples face the dangers inconueniences and harmes in the said doctrine contained Thus as many things passed on both sides his Maiestie in the yeere 1550. called to Valadolid an Assembly of learned men as well Diuines as Lawyers who beeing ioyned with the Royall counsaile of the Indies should argue and among them conclude whether it were lawfull without breach of Iustice to leuie warres commonly tearmed conquests against the Inhabitants of those Countries without any new offence by them committed their infidelity excepted Doctor Sepulueda was summoned to come and say what he could and being entred the Counsaile Chamber did at the first Session vtter his whole minde Then was the said Bishop likewise called who for the space of fiue dayes continually did reade his Apologie but being somewhat long the Diuines and Lawyers there assembled besought the Learned and Reuerend Father Dominicke Soto his Maiesties Confessor and a Dominican Friar who was there present to reduce it into a Summary and to make so many Copies as there were Lords that is fourteene to the end they all hauing studied vpon the matter might afterward in the feare of God say their mindes The said Reuerend Father and Master Soto set downe in the said Summary the Doctors reasons with the Bishops answeres to the same Then had the Doctour at his request a Copie deliuered him to answere out of which Summarie he gathered twelue against himselfe whereto he made twelue answeres against which answeres the Bishop framed twelue Replyes Doctor Sepulued a his Prologue to the Lords of the Assembly beganne thus Most worthy and Noble Lords sith your Lordships and Graces haue as Iudges for the space of fiue or sixe dayes heard the Lord Bishop of Chiapa reade that Booke whereinto he hath many yeeres laboured to gather all the reasons that either himselfe or others could inuent to proue the conquest of the Indies to be vniust as seeking first to subdue barbarous Nations before we preach the Gospell vnto them which haue beene the vsuall course correspondent to the grant made by Pope Alexander the sixt which all Kings and Nations haue hitherto taken and obserued it is meete and I doe so desire you that I who take vpon me to defend the grant and authority of the Apostolike Sea together with the equitie and honour of our Kings and Nation c. Out of which Replies here followeth the Abstract of two that stand vs insteed The report is vntrue that the Indians did yeerely sacrifice in New Spaine twenty thousand persons either one hundred or fiftie For had that beene so we could not now haue found there so much people and therefore the Tyrants haue inuented it thereby to excuse and iustifie their Tyrannies also to detaine so many of the Indians as escaped the oppression and desolation of the first Vintage in bondage and tyrannie But we may more truely say that the Spaniards during their abode in the Indies haue yeerely sacrificed to their so deerely beloued and reuerend Goddesse Couetousnesse more people then the Indians haue done in a hundred yeeres This doe the Heauens the Earth the Elements and the Starres both testifie and bewaile the Tyrants yea the very Ministers of these mischiefes cannot deny it For it is euident how greatly these Countries at our first entrie swarmed with people as also how wee haue now laid it waste and dispeopled the same wee might euen blush for shame that hauing giuen ouer all feare of God wee will yet neuer the lesse seeke to colour and excuse these our so execrable demeanours considering that only for getting wealth and riches we haue in fortie fiue or fortie eight yeeres wasted and consumed more Land then all Europe yea and part of Asia doe in length and breath containe robbing and vsurping vpon that with all crueltie wrong and tyrannie which we haue seene well inhabited with humane people among whom there haue beene slaine and destroyed twentie Millions of soules In the twelfth and last Reply as followeth The Spaniards haue not entred into India for any desire to exalt Gods honour or for zeale to Christian Religion either to fauour and procure the saluation of their Neighbours no neither for their Princes seruice whereof they doe so vainely bragge but Couetousnesse hath brought them and Ambition hath allured them to the perpetuall dominion ouer the Indies which they as Tyrants and Deuils doe couet to bee parted among them and to speake plainly and flatly doe seeke no other but to expell and driue the Kings of Castile out of all that World and themselues seizing thereupon by Trannie to vsurpe and take vpon them all Royall Souereigntie CHAP. V. Notes of Voyages and Plantations of the French in the Northerne America both in Florida and Canada OF the French Plantation in that part of Brafill by Uillagaynon which therefore Frier Thenet called France Antarctike you haue seene alreadie in Lerius Besides the French haue almost from the first beginnings of the Spanish Plantation with men of warre haunted those Coasts and taken many Spanish prises The French haue also made other Discoueries and setled some habitation for a time in the Northerne parts of the New World Iohn Uerrazano a Florentine was sent Anno 1524. by King Francis the first and Madame Regent his Mother who is said to haue discouered from the eight and twentieth to the fiftieth degree all which and much more had long before beene discouerd by Sir Sebastian Cabot for the King of England who was the first that set foote on the American Continent in behalfe of any Christian Prince Anno 1496. or as otheâ—rs 1497. and therefore the French reckoning falleth short some of which Nation vpon Verazanos Discouery challenge I know not what right to all that Coast and make their New France neere as great as all Europe To leaue that we are to do them Historicall right in relating their actions in those parts The Rites and Customes of Florida are related at large by Renâ— Laudonniere by Master Hakluyt translated and in his Workes published Laudonniere was sent by that famous Admirall Chastillon with Iohn Ribalt Anno 1562. who arriued at Cape François in Florida in thirtie degrees and there erected a Pillar with the French Armes The Riuer they called the Riuer of May hauing entred it on May day In the Woods they found great store of red and white Mulberie Trees and on their tops an infinite number of Silk-wormes Eight other Riuers they discouered to which they gaue the names of Seine Somme Loyre Cherente
our Ship with Furres and Tobacco This we perceiued to be onely a meere deuice to get possession of any of our men to ransome all those we had taken which their naturall pollicy could not so shaddow but we did easily discouer and preuent These meanes were by this Sauage practised because we had one of his kinsmen prisoner as we iudged by his most kinde vsage of him being aboord vs together Thursday the thirteenth of Iune by two a clocke in the morning because our Captain would take the helpe and aduantage of the Tide in the Pinnace with our Company well prouided and furnished with Armour and Shot both to defend and offend we went from our Ship vp to that part of the Riuer which trended West into the Maine to search that and wee carried with vs a Crosse to erect at that point which because it was not day-light we left on shoare vntill our returne backe when we set it vp in manner as the former And this we deligently obserued that in no place either about the Ilands or vp in the Maine or along the Riuer wee could discerne any token or signe that euer any Christian had beene before which either by cutting wood digging for water or setting vp Crosses a thing neuer omitted by any Christian trauailours wee should haue perceiued some mention left But to returne to our Riuer vp into which we then rowed by estimation twenty miles What profit or pleasure is described and truely verified in the former part of the Riuer is wholly doubled in this for the breadth and depth is such that any Ship drawing seuenteene or eighteene foote water might haue passed as farre as we went with our Shallop and by all our iudgements much further because we left it in so good depth which is so much the more to be esteemed of greater worth by how much it trendeth further vp into the Maine for from the place of our Ships riding in the Harbour at the entrance into the Sound to the furthest point wee were in this Riuer by our estimation was not much lesse then threescore miles From each Banke of this Riuer are diuers branching streames running into the Maine whereby is afforded an vnspeakeable profit by the conueniency of easie transportation from place to place which in some Countries is both very chargeable and not so fit by Carriages on Wane or Horsebacke Here wee saw store of Fish some leaping aboue water which we iudged to be Salmon for they were great All along is an excellent mould of ground the wood in most places especially on the Easterne side very thin chiefely Oake and small Birch bordering low vpon the Riuer all fit for Meddow and pleasant Pasture ground And in that space wee went wee had on both sides the Riuer many plaine places of cleere Meddow some of three or foure acres some eight or nine so as we iudged in the whole to be betweene thirty and forty acres of good grasse and where the Armes runne into the Maine there likewise went a space on both sides of the cleare grasse how farre we knew not In many places we might see pathes Beasts had made to come downe to watering And we all concluded as I verily thinke we might rightly that we should neuer see the like Riuer in euery degree equall vntill it pleased God we beheld the same againe for the further we went the more pleasing it was to euery man alluring vs still with expectation of better so as our men although they had with great labour rowed long and eate nothing for we carried with vs no victuall but a little Cheese and Bread yet they were so refreshed with the pleasant beholding thereof and so loath to forsake it as some of them affirmed they would haue continued willingly with that onely fare and labour two dayes but the Tide not suffering vs to make any longer stay because we were to come backe with the ebbe and our Captaine better knowing what was fit then we and better what they in labour were able to endure being very loath to make any desperate hazard where so little necessitie required thought it best to make returne because whether we had discouered was sufficient to conceiue that the Riuer ranne very farre into the Land for we passed sixe or seuen miles altogether fresh water whereof we all dranke forced vp by the flowing of the Salt which after a great while ebbe where we left it by bredth and depth of Channell was likely to runne by estimation of our whole companie an vnknowne way further And as our Captaine verily thought although hee then concealed it might possibly make a passage into or very nigh the South Sea which hee neither had commission nor time now to search but hath left that till his next returne if it shall so please God to dispose of him and vs. Friday the fourteenth of Iune early by foure a clocke in the morning with the Tide our two Boats and a little helpe of the winde we warped our shippe downe to the Riuers mouth and there came to an anchor about about eleuen a clocke Afterward our Captaine in the Pinnace searched the sounding all about the mouth and comming into the Riuer for his certaine instruction of a perfect description The next day being Saturday we weighed anchor and with a briese from the Land we sayled vp to our watering place and there stopped went ashoare and filled all our empty caske with fresh water Our Captaine vpon the Rocke in the middest of the Harbour made his certaine obseruation by the Sunne of the height latitude and variation exactly vpon all his Instruments 1. Astrolabe 2. Semisphere 3. Ring-instrument 4. Crosse staffe 5. And an excellent Compas made for the variation The latitude he found to be 43. degrees 20. minutes North. The variation 11. degrees 15. minutes viz. one point of the Compas Westward And it is so much in England at Lime-house by London Eastward The temperature affoorded to vs no speciall alteration from our disposition in England somewhat hotter vp into the Maine because it lieth open to the South but scarse yeelding a sensible difference to any of vs. The aire so wholsome as I suppose not any of vs found our selues at any time more healthfull more able to labour nor with better stomachs to such good fare as we partly brought and partly found Sunday the sixteenth of Iune the winde being faire and because wee had set out of England vpon a Sunday descried the Ilands vpon a Sunday and as we doubted not by Gods appointment happily fallen into our Harbour vpon a Sunday so now beseeching him with like prosperitie to blesse our returne into England and from thence with his good-will and pleasure to hasten and fortunate our next arriuall here Wee set sayle and quit the Land vpon a Sunday Tuesday the eighteenth day of Iune being not runne aboue fiue and thirty leagues from Land and our Captaine for his
in the Sea but because she got vnder the Fortresse which also began to shoot at the Englishmen they were forced to leaue her and to put further into the Sea hauing slaine fiue or sixe of the Spaniards The Englishmen that were taken in the small ship were put vnder hatches and coupled in bolts and after they had beene Prisoners three or foure dayes there was a Spanish Ensigne-bearer in the ship that had a brother â—â—â—ine in the â—â—eet that came for England who as then minding to reuenge his death and withall to shew his man-hood to the English Captiues that were in the English shippe which they had taken as is aforesaid tooke a Ponyard in his hand and went downe vnder the Hatches where finding the poore Englishmen sitting in bolts with the same Ponyard he stabbed sixe of them to the heart which two others of them perceiuing clasped each other about the middle because they would not bee murthered by him threw themselues into the Sea and there were drowned This act was of all the Spaniards much disliked and very ill taken so that they carried the Spaniard prisoner vnto Lisbone where being arriued the King of Spaine willed he should be sent into England that the Queene of England might vse him as she thought good which sentence his friends by intreatie got to bee reuersed notwithstanding he commanded he should without all fauour bee beheaded but vpon a good Friday the Cardinall going to Masse all the Captaines and Commanders made so great intreatie for him that in the end they got his pardon This I thought good to note that men might vnderstand the bloudie and honest mindes of the Spaniards when they haue men vnder their subiection The same two English ships which followed the Spanish Admirall till hee had got vnder the Fort of Tercera as I said before put into the Sea where they met with an other Spanish ship being of the same fleete that had likewise beene scattered by the storme and was only missing for the rest lay in the Road this small ship the Englishmen tooke and sent all the men on shore not hurting any of them but if they had knowne what had beene done vnto the foresaid English Captiues I beleeue they would soone haue reuenged themselues as afterward many an innocent soule payed for it This ship thus taken by the Englishmen was the same that was kept and confiscated in the Iland of Tercera by the Englishmen that got out of the Iland in a fisher-boat as I said before and was sold vnto the Spaniards that as then came from the Indies wherewith they sailed to Saint Lucas where it was also arrested by the Duke and appoined to goe in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera because it was a shippe that sayled well but among the Spaniards fleete it was the meanest of the Company By this meanes it was taken from the Spaniards and carried into England and the Owners had it againe when they least thought of it The nineteenth of March the aforesaid ships being nineteene in number set saile hauing laden the Kings siluer and receiued in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones with his company and good prouision of necessaries Munition and Souldiers that were fully resolued as they made shew to fight valiantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches and although they set their course for Saint Lucas the wind draue them vnto Lisbone which as it seemed was willing by his force to helpe them and to bring them thither in safetie although Aluaro de Flores both against the wind and weather would perforce haue sailed to Saint Lucas but being constrained by the wind and importunitie of the Sailers that protested they would require their losses and damages of him he was content to saile to Lisbone from whence the siluer was by Land carried into Siuilia At Cape Saint Vincent there lay a Fleet of twentie English shippes to watch for the Armada so that if they had put into Saint Lucas they had fallen right into their hands which if the wind had serued they had done And therefore they may say that the wind had lent them a happie Voyage for if the Englishmen had met with them they had surely beene in great danger and possibly but few of them had escaped by reason of the feare wherewith they were possessed because Fortune or rather God was wholly against them Which is a sufficient cause to make the Spaniards out of heart to the contrarie to giue the Englishmen more courage and to make them bolder for that they are victorious stout and valiant and seeing all their enterprizes doe take so good effect that thereby they are become Lords and Masters of the Sea and need care for no man as it well appeareth by this briefe Discourse In the month of March 1590. There was a Blasing Starre with a taile seene in Tercera that continued foure nights together stretching the tayle towards the South In the moneth of May a Caruell of Fayael arriued at Tercera in the Hauen or Road of Angra laden with Oxen Sheepe Hennes and all other kinds of victuals and full of people which by a storme had broken her Ruther whereby the Sea cast her about and therewith she sunke and in her were drowned three children and a Frier Franciscan the rest of the men saued themselues by swimming and by helpe from the shore but all the Cattle and Hennes came drowned to land the Frier was buried with a great Procession and Solemnitie esteeming him for a Saint because he was taken vp dead with his Booke betweene his armes for the which cause euery man came to looke on him as a Miracle giuing great Offerings to say Masses for his soule The first of August the Gouernor of Tercera receiued aduise out of Portugall and Spaine that two yeeres before the date of his Letters there were sayled out of England twelue great shippes well appointed with full resolution to take their iournie seuen of them into the Portugall Indies and the other fiue to Malacca of the which fiue two were cast away in passing the Straits of Magellanes and three sayled to Malacca but what they had done there was as then not knowne The other seuen passed the Cape de bona Speranza and arriued in India where they put into the Coast of Malabares but let them goe againe and two Turkish Gallies that came out of the Straits of Mecca or the Red Sea to whom likewise they did no hurt And there they laded their ships wis Spices and returned backe againe on their way but where or in what place they had laden it was not certainely knowne sauing onely that thus much was written by the Gouernour of India and sent ouer Land to Uenice and from thence to Madrill The seuenth of August a Nauie of English ships was seene before Tercera beeing twentie in number and fiue of them the Queenes ships their Generall was one Martin Frobisher as wee after had
called Mathias de Alburkerke sailed had only gotten to India as afterward newes thereof was brought ouer Land hauing beene at the least eleuen monethes at Sea and neuer saw Land and came in great misery to Malacca In this ship there died by the way two hundred and eightie men according to a note by himselfe made and sent to the Cardinall at Lisbon with the names and surnames of euery man together with a description of his Voyage and the misery they had indured which was only done because he would not lose the gouernment of India and for that cause he had sworne either to lose his life or to arriue in India as indeed he did afterwards but to the great danger losse and hinderance of his company that were forced to buy it with their liues and onely for want of prouision as it may well bee thought for he knew full well that if he had returned backe againe into Portingall as the other ships did hee should haue beene casheered from his Indian Regiment because the people began alreadie to murmurre at him for his proude and loftie minde And among other things that shewed his pride the more behind aboue the Gallery of his ship he caused Fortune to be painted and his owne Picture with a staffe standing by her as it were threatning Fortune with this Poesie Quero que vencas that is I will haue thee to ouercome which beeing read by the Cardinall and other Gentlemen that to honour him aboord his ship it was thought to be a point of exceeding folly But it is no strange matter among the Portingalls for they aboue all others must of force Let the Foole peepe out of their sleeues specially when they are in authoritie for that I knew the said Mathias de Alberkerk in India being a Souldier and a Captaine where he was esteemed and accounted for one of the best of them and much honoured and beloued of all men as behauing himselfe courteously to euery man whereby they all desired that he might be Vice-roy But when he once had receiued his Patent with full power and authoritie from the King to be Vice-roy hee changed so much from his former behauiour that by reason of his pride they all began to feare and curse him and that before he departed out of Lisbon as it is often seene in many men that are aduanced vnto state and dignitie The twentieth of Ianuary Anno 1591. there was newes brought out of Portingall into Tercera that the Englishmen had taken a ship that the King had sent into the Portingall Indies with aduise to the Vice-roy for the returning againe of the foure ships that should haue gone to India and because the ships were come backe againe that ship was stuffed and laded as full of goods as possible it might be hauing likewise in ready money fiue hundred thousand Duckets in Rials of eight besides other wares It departed from Lisbone in the moneth of Nouember 1590. and met with the Englishmen with whom for a time it fought but in the end it was taken and carried into England with men and all yet when they came there the men were set at libertie and returned into Lishone where the Captaine was committed Prisoner but hee excused himselfe and was released with whom I spake my selfe and he made this report vnto me At the same time also they tooke a ship that came from the Myne laden with Gold and two ships laden with Pepper and Spices that were to saile into Italie the Pepper onely that was in them being worth 170000. Duckets all these ships were carried into England and made good prize In the moneth of Iuly An. 1591. there happened an Earth-quake in the Iland of S. Michaell which continued from the six and twentieth of Iuly to the twelfth of August in which time no man durst stay within his house but fled into the fields fasting and praying with great sorrow for that many of their houses fell downe and a Towne called Villa Franca was almost cleane razed to the ground all the Cloysters and houses shaken to the earth and therein some people slaine The Land in some places rose vp and the Cliffes remooued from on place to another and some Hils were defaced and made euen with the ground The Earthquake was so strong that the ships which lay in the Road and on the Sea shaked as if the World would haâ—e turned round there sprang also a Fountaine out of the earth from whence for the space of foure dayes there flowed a most cleare water and after that it ceased At the same time they heard such thunder and noise vnder the earth as if all the Diuels in hell had beene assembled together in that place wherewith many died for feare The Iland of Tercera shooke foure times together so that it seemed to turne about but there happened no misfortune vnto it Earthquakes are common in those Ilands for about twenty yeares past there happened another earthquake where in a high Hill that lyeth by the same towne of Villa Franca fell halfe downe and couered all the towne with earth and killed many men The fiue and twentieth of August the Kings Armada comming out of Farol arriued in Tercera being in all thirty Ships Biskates Portugals and Spaniards and ten Dutch flye-boates that were arested in Lisbone to serue the King besides other small Ships Pataxos that came to serue as messengers from place to place and to discouer the Seas This Nauie came to stay for and conuoy the Sâ—â—ps that should come from the Spanish Indies and the flye-boates were appointed in their returne home to take in the goods that were saued in the lost Ship that came from Malacca and to conuoy it to Lisbone The thirteenth of September the said Armado arriued at the Iland of Coruo where the Englishmen with about sixteene Ships as then lay staying for the Spanish Fleete whereof some or the most part were come and there the English were in good hope to haue taken them But when they perceiued the Kings Army to be strong the Admirall being the Lord Thomas Howard commanded his Fleete not to fall vpon them nor any of them once to seperate their Shippes from him vnlesse he gaue commission so to doe notwithstanding the Vice-Admirall Sir Richard Greenfield being in the Ship called the Reuenge went into the Spanish Fleete and shot among them doing them great hurt and thinking the rest of the company would haue followed which they did not but left him there and sailed away the cause why they could not know which the Spaniards perceiuing with seuen or eight Ships they boorded her but she withstood them all fighting with them at the least twelue houres together and sunke two of them one being a new double Flie-boate of twelue thousand tunnes and Admirall of the Flie-boates the other a Biscaine But in the end by reason of the number that came vpon her she was taken but to their great losse
hornes and are feathered very artificially Pasphia was as good as his word for hee sent Venison but the Sawse came within few dayes after At Port Cotage in our Voyage vp the Riuer we saw a Sauage Boy about the age of ten yeeres which had a head of haire of a perfect yellow and a reasonable white skinne which is a Miracle amongst all Sauages This Riuer which wee haue discouered is one of the famousest Riuers that euer was found by any Christian it ebbes and flowes a hundred and threescore miles where ships of great burthen may harbour in safetie Wheresoeuer we landed vpon this Riuer wee saw the goodliest Woods as Beech Oke Cedar Cypresse Wal-nuts Sassafras and Vines in great abundance which hang in great clusters on many Trees and other Trees vnknowne and all the grounds bespred with many sweet and delicate flowres of diuers colours and kindes There are also many fruites as Strawberries Mulberries Rasberries and Fruits vnknowne there are many branches of this Riuer which runne flowing through the Woods with great plentie of fish of all kindes as for Sturgeon all the World cannot be compared to it In this Countrey I haue seene many great and large Medowes hauing excellent good pasture for any Cattle There is also great store of Deere both Red and Fallow There are Beares Foxes Otters Beuers Muskats and wild beasts vnknowne The foure and twentieth day wee set vp a Crosse at the head of this Riuer naming it Kings Riuer where we proclaimed Iames King of England to haue the most right vnto it When wee had finished and set vp our Crosse we shipt our men and made for Iames Fort. By the way wee came to Pohatans Towre where the Captaine went on shore suffering none to goe with him hee presented the Commander of this place with a Hatchet which hee tooke ioyfully and was well pleased But yet the Sauages murmured at our planting in the Countrie whereupon this Werowance made answere againe very wisely of a Sauage Why should you bee offended with them as long as they hurt you not nor take any thing away by force they take but a little waste ground which doth you not any of vs any good I saw Bread made by their women which doe all their drugerie The men takes their pleasure in hunting and their warres which they are in continually one Kingdome against another The manner of baking of bread is thus after they pound their wheat into flowre with hote water they make it into paste and worke it into round balls and Cakes then they put it into a pot of seething water when it is sod throughly they lay it on a smooth stone there they harden it as well as in an Ouen There is notice to be taken to know married women from Maids the Maids you shall alwayes see the fore part of their head and sides shauen close the hinder part very long which they tie in a pleate hanging downe to their hips The married women weares their haire all of a length and is tied of that fashion that the Maids are The women kinde in this Countrey doth pounce and race their bodies legges thighes armes and faces with a sharpe Iron which makes a stampe in curious knots and drawes the proportion of Fowles Fish or Beasts then with paintings of sundry liuely colours they rub it into the stampe which will neuer be taken away because it is dried into the flesh where it is sered The Sauages beare their yeeres well for when wee were at Pamonkies wee saw a Sauage by their report was aboue eight score yeeres of age His eyes were sunke into his head hauing neuer a tooth in his mouth his haire all gray with a reasonable bigge beard which was as white as any snow It is a Miracle to see a Sauage haue any haire on their faces I neuer saw read nor heard any haue the like before This Sauage was as lustie and went as fast as any of vs which was strange to behold The fifteenth day of Iune we had built and finished our Fort which was triangle wise hauing three Bulwarkes at euery corner like a halfe Moone and foure or fiue pieces of Artillerie mounted in them we had made our selues sufficiently strong for these Sauages we had also sowne most of our Corne on two Mountaines it sprang a mans height from the ground this Countrey is a fruitfull soile bearing many goodly and fruitfull Trees as Mulberries Cherries Walnuts Ceders Cypresse Sassafras and Vines in great abundance Munday the two and twentieâ—h of Iune in the morning Captaine Newport in the Admirall departed from Iames Port for England Captaine Newport being gone for England leauing vs one hundred and foure persons verie bare and scantie of victualls furthermore in warres and in danger of the Sauages We hoped after a supply which Captaine Newport promised within twentie weekes But if the beginners of this action doe carefully further vs the Country being so fruitfull it would be as great a profit to the Realme of England as the Indies to the King of Spaine if this Riuer which wee haue found had beene discouered in the time of warre with Spaine it would haue beene a commoditie to our Realme and a great annoyance to our enemies The seuen and twentieth of Iuly the King of Rapahanna demanded a Canoa which was restored lifted vp his hand to the Sunne which they worship as their God besides he laid his hand on his heart that he would be our speciall friend It is a generall rule of these people when they swere by their God which is the Sunne no Christian will keepe their Oath better vpon this promise These people haue a great reuerence to the Sunne aboue all other things at the rising and setting of the same they sit downe lifting vp their hands and eyes to the Sunne making a round Circle on the ground with dried Tobacco then they began to pray making many Deuillish gestures with a Hellish noise foming at the mouth staring with their eyes wagging their heads and hands in such a fashion and deformitie as it was monstrous to behold The sixt of August there died Iohn Asbie of the bloudie Flixe The ninth day died George Flowre of the swelling The tenth day died William Bruster Gentleman of a wound giuen by the Sauages and was buried the eleuenth day The fourteenth day Ierome Alikock Ancient died of a wound the same day Francis Mid-winter Edward Moris Corporall died suddenly The fifteenth day their died Edward Browne and Stephen Galthrope The sixteenth day their died Thomas Gower Gentleman The seuenteenth day their died Thomas Mounslic The eighteenth day there died Robert Penniugton and Iohn Martine Gentleman The nineteenth day died Drue Piggase Gentleman The two and twentieth day of August there died Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold one of our Councell he was honourably buried hauing all the Ordnance in the Fort shot off with many vollies of small shot After
waited on to his house in the same manner And thus inclosed as I said round with a Pallizado of Planckes and strong Posts foure foote deepe in the ground of yong Oakes Walnuts c. The Fort is called in honour of his Maiesties name Iames Towne the principall Gate from the Towne through the Pallizado opens to the Riuer as at each Bulwarke there is a Gate likewise to goe forth and at euery Gate a Demi-Culuerin and so in the Market Place The houses first raised were all burnt by a casualty of fire the beginning of the second yeare of their seate and in the second Voyage of Captain Newport which since haue bin better rebuilded though as yet in no great vniformity either for the fashion or beauty of the streete A delicate wrought fine kinde of Mat the Indians make with which as they can be trucked for or snatched vp our people do dresse their chambers and inward roomes which make their houses so much the more handsome The houses haue wide and large Country Chimnies in the which is to be supposed in such plenty of wood what fires are maintained and they haue found the way to couer their houses now as the Indians with barkes of Trees as durable and as good proofe against stormes and winter weather as the best Tyle defending likewise the piercing Sunbeames of Summer and keeping the inner lodgings coole enough which before in sultry weather would be like Stoues whilest they were as at first pargetted and plaistered with Bitumen or tough Clay and thus armed for the iniury of changing times and seasons of the yeare we hold our selues well apaid though wanting Arras Hangings Tapistry and guilded Venetian Cordouan or more spruse houshold garniture and wanton City ornaments remembring the old Epigraph We dwell not here to build vs Bowers And Hals for pleasure and good cheere But Hals we build for vs and ours To dwell in them whilst we liue here True it is I may not excuse this our Fort or Iames Towne as yet seated in somewhat an vnwholesome and sickly ayre by reason it is in a marish ground low flat to the Riuer and hath no fresh water Springs seruing the Towne but what wee drew from a Well sixe or seuen fathom deepe fed by the brackish Riuer owzing into it from whence I verily beleeue the chiefe causes haue proceeded of many diseases and sicknesses which haue happened to our people who are indeede strangely afflicted with Fluxes and Agues and euery particular season by the relation of the old inhabitants hath his particular infirmity too all which if it had bin our fortunes to haue seated vpon some hill accommodated with fresh Springs and cleere ayre as doe the Natiues of the Country we might haue I beleeue well escaped and some experience we haue to perswade our selues that it may be so for of foure hundred and odde men which were seated at the Fals the last yeere when the Fleete came in with fresh and yong able spirits vnder the gouernment of Captain Francis West and of one hundred to the Seawards on the South side of our Riuer in the Country of the Nansamundes vnder the charge of Captaine Iohn Martin there did not so much as one man miscarry and but very few or none fall sicke whereas at Iames Towne the same time and the same moneths one hundred sickned halfe the number died howbeit as we condemne not Kent in England for a small Towne called Plumsted continually assaulting the dwellers there especially new commers with Agues and Feuers no more let vs lay scandall and imputation vpon the Country of Virginia because the little Quarter wherein we are set dowee vnaduisedly so chosed appeares to be vnwholesome and subiect to many ill ayres which accompany the like marish places §. IIII. The Lord La WARRES beginnings and proceedings in Iames Towne Sir THOMAS GATES sent into England his and the Companies testimony of Virginia and cause of the late miseries VPon his Lordships landing at the South gate of the Pallizado which lookes into the Riuer our Gouernour caused his Company in armes to stand in order and make a Guard It pleased him that I should beare his Colours for that time his Lordship landing fell vpon his knees and before vs all made a long and silent Prayer to himselfe and after marched vp into the Towne where at the Gate I bowed with the Colours and let them fall at his Lordships feete who passed on into the Chappell where he heard a Sermon by Master Bucke our Gouernours Preacher and after that caused a Gentleman one of his owne followers Master Anthony Scot his Ancient to reade his Commission which intituled him Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall during his life of the Colony and Plantation in Uirginia Sir Thomas Gates our Gouernour hitherto being now stiled therein Lieutenant Generall After the reading of his Lordships Commission Sir Thomas Gates rendred vp vnto his Lordship his owne Commission both Patents and the Counsell Seale after which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall deliuered some few words vnto the Company laying many blames vpon them for many vanities and their Idlenesse earnestly wishing that he might no more finde it so least he should be compelled to draw the sword of Iustice to cut off such delinquents which he had much rather he protested draw in their defence to protect them from iniuries hartening them with the knowledge of what store of prouisions he had brought for them viz. sufficient to serue foure hundred men for one whole yeare The twelfth of Iune being Tuesday the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall did constitute and giue places of Office and charge to diuers Captaines and Gentlemen and elected vnto him a Counsell vnto whom he did administer an Oath mixed with the oath of Allegiance and Supremacy to his Maiestie which oath likewise he caused to be administred the next day after to euery particular member of the Colony of Faith Assistance and Secrecy The Counsaile which he elected were Sir Thomas Gates Kinght Lieutenant Generall Sir George Summers Knight Admirall Captaine George Percy Eâ—quire and in the Fort Captaine of fifty Sir Ferdinando Weinman Knight Master of the Ordnance Captaine Christopher Newport Vice-admirall William Strachei Esquire Secretary and Recorder As likewise the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall nominated Captaine Iohn Martin Master of the Battery workes for Steele and Iron and Captaine George Webb Sergeant Maior of the Fort and especiall Captaines ouer Companies were these appointed Captaine Edward Bruster who hath the command of his Honours owne Company Captaine Thomas Lawson Captain Thomas Holecroft Captaine Samuell Argoll Captaine George Yardley who commandeth the Lieutenant Generals Company Diuers other Officers were likewise made as Master Ralph Hamor and Master Browne Clarkes of the Counsell and Master Daniell Tucker and Master Robert Wilde Clarkes of the Store c. The first businesse which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall after the
setling of these Officers thought vpon was to aduise with his Counsell for the obtaining of such prouisions of victuals for store and quality as the Countrey afforded It did not appeare that any kinde of Flesh Deere or what else of that kinde could be recouered from the Indian or to be sought in the Countrey by the trauaile or search of his people and the old dwellers in the Fort together with the Indians not to friend who had the last winter destroyed and killed vp all the Hogges insomuch as of fiue or sixe hundred as it is supposed there was not one left aliue nor an Henne nor Chicke in the Fort and our Horses and Mares they had eaten with the first and the prouision which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall had brought concerning any kinde of flesh was little or nothing in respect it was not drempt of by the Aduenturers in England that the Swine were destroyed In Counsell therefore the thirteenth of Iune it pleased Sir George Summers Knight Admirall to propose a Voyage which for the better reliefe and good of the Colony he would performe into the Bermudas from whence he would fetch six moneths prouision of Flesh and Fish and some liue Hogges to store our Colony againe and had a Commission giuen vnto him the fifteenth of Iune 1610. who in his owne Bermuda Pinnace the Patience consorted with Captaine Samuell Argoll in the Discouery whom the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall made of the counsell before his departure the nineteenth of Iune fell with the Tyde from before our Towne and the twenty two left the Bay or Cape Henry a sterne And likewise because at the Lord Gouernous and Captaine Generals first comming there was found in our owne Riuer no store of Fish after many trials the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall dispatched in the Uirginia with instructions the seuenteenth of Iune 1610. Robert Tyndall Master of the De la Warre to fish vnto all along and betweene Cape Henry and Cape Charles within the Bay who the last of the said moneth returned vnto vs againe but as ill speeding as the former whom our Gouernour now Lieutenant Generall had addressed thither before for the same purpose Nor was the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall in the meane while idle at the Fort but euery day and night hee caused the Nets to be hawled sometimes a dosen times one after another But it pleased not God so to blesse our labours that we did at any time take one quarter so much as would giue vnto our people one pound at a meale a peece by which we might haue better husbanded our Pease and Oate meale notwithstanding the great store we now saw daily in our Riuer but let the blame of this lye where it is both vpon our Nets and the vnskilfulnesse of our men to lay them The sixth of Iuly Sir Thomas Gates Lieutenant Generall comming downe to Point Comfort the North wind blowing rough he found had forced the long Boate belonging to Algernoone Fort to the other shoare vpon Nansamund side somewhat short of Weroscoick which to recouer againe one of the Lieutenant Generals men Humfrey Blunt in an old Canow made ouer but the wind driuing him vpon the Strand certaine Indians watching the occasion seised the poore fellow and led him vp into the Woods and sacrificed him It did not a little trouble the Lieutenant Gouernour who since his first landing in the Countrey how iustly soeuer prouoked would not by any meanes be wrought to a violent proceeding against them for all the practises of villany with which they daily indangered our men thinking it possible by a more tractable course to winne them to a better condition but now being startled by this he well perceiued how little a faire and noble intreatie workes vpon a barbarous disposition and therefore in some measure purposed to be reuenged The ninth of Iuly he prepared his forces and early in the morning set vpon a Towne of theirs some foure miles from Algernoone Fort called Kecoughtan and had soone taken it without losse or hurt of any of his men The Gouernour and his women fled the young King Powhatans Sonne not being there but left his poore baggage and treasure to the spoyle of our Souldiers which was only a few Baskets of old Wheate and some other of Pease and Beanes a little Tobacco and some few womens Girdles of Silke of the Grasse-silke not without art and much neatnesse finely wrought of which I haue sent diuers into England beeing at the taking of the Towne and would haue sent your Ladiship some of them had they beene a Present so worthy We purposed to set a Frenchman heere a worke to plant Vines which grew naturally in great plentie Some few Corne fields it hath and the Corne in good forwardnesse and wee despaire not but to bee able if our men stand in health to make it good against the Indian The continuall practises of the subtle King Powhatan doth not meanely awaken all the powers and workings of vertue and knowledge in our Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall how to preuent not only his mischiefes but to draw him vpon some better termes and acknowledgemen of our forces and spirits both able and daring to quit him in any valiant and martiall course whatsoeuer he shall dare to runne with vs which hee doth yet scarsly beleeue For this therfore since first and that so lately he hath set on his people to attempt vs with priuate Conspiracies and actuall violence into the one drawing his Neighbour Confederates and vnder Princes and by the other working the losse and death of diuers of our men and by such their losse seising their Armes Swords Peeces c. of which he hath gathered into his store a great quantitie and number by Intelligence aboue two hundred Swords besides Axes and Pollaxes Chissels Howes to paire and clense their ground with an infinite treasure of Copper our Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall sent two Gentlemen with an Ambassie vnto him letting him to vnderstand of his practises and outrage hitherto vsed toward our people not only abroad but at our Fort also yet flattering him withall how the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall did not suppose that these mischiefes were contriued by him or with his knowledge but conceiued them rather to be the acts of his worst and vnruly people his Lordship therefore now complayning vnto him required that hee being so great and wise a King would giue an vniuersall order to his Subiects that it might bee no more so lest the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall should be compelled by defending him and his to offend him which he would be loath to do withall he willed the Messengers to demand of him the said Powhatan that he would either punish or send vnto his Lordship such of his people whom Powhatan knew well not long before had assaulted our men at the Block-house and but newly killed foure of them as also
rather by reason of the continuall constant relations of all those Sauages in Virginia of a Sea and the way to it West they affirming that the heads of all those seuen goodly Riuers the least whereof is greater then the Riuer of Thames and Nauigable aboue an hundred and fiftie miles and not aboue sixe or eight miles one from another which fall all into one great Bay haue their rising out of a ridge of Hils that runnes all along South and North whereby they doubt not but to find a safe easie and good passage to the South Sea part by water and part by Land esteeming it not aboue an hundred and fiftie miles from the head of the Falls where we are now planted the Discouerie whereof will bring forth a most rich Trade to Cathay China Iapan and those other of the East Indies to the inestimable benefit of this Kingdome Moreouer the Letters of Master Iohn Berkley sometimes of Beuerstone Castle in the Countie of Glocester a Gentleman of an Honourable Family likewise certifie that a more fit place for Iron-workes whereof he was made Master and Ouer-seer then in Virginia both for Wood Water Mynes and Stone was not to be found And that by Whitsontide the Company might relye vpon good quantities of Iron made by him which also by Letters from Master George Sandys the third of March last was confirmed with this farther description of the place called The falling Creeke to be so fitting for that purpose as if Nature had applyed her selfe to the wish and direction of the Workman where also were great stones hardly seene else-where in Uirginia laying on the place as though they had beene brought thither to aduance the erection of those Workes The Letters of the French Vignerous or Vine-men procured out of France and sent ouer into Uirginia did likewise assertaine that no Countrey in the World was more proper for Vines Silke Rice O liues and other fruits then Virginia is and that it far excelled their owne Countrie of Languedocke the Vines of diuers sorts being in abundance naturally ouer all the Countrey They scarsly beleeued those fruits to be Grapes till they had opened them and seene their kernels such was their bignesse They are in loue with the Countrey and hauing planted some cuttings of Vines at Michaelmas last in their Letters affirme that these bare Grapes alreadie this Spring to their great wonder as being a thing they suppose not heard off in any other Countrie A taste of Wine made of the wilde Grape they last yeere sent with hope to send a good quantitie this next Vintage and that the Mulbery trees where they abode were in wonderfull abundance and much excelling both in goodnesse and greatnesse those of their owne Countrey of Languedocke and that those Silke-wormes they haue prosper exceeding well and some Silke they hope to send this yeere there wanting nothing to set vp that rich Commoditie but store of hands wherewith England doth abound Of the fruit of which Mulbery trees as of a Plumme there plentifully growing they would make wholsome Drinkes for the Colonie and people there Opachankanough doted on a house which the English had built for him of our fashion hee dwelled therein shewed it to his owne people and strangers with pride keeping his Keyes charily and busying himselfe with locking and vnlocking the doores sometimes a hundred times in a day admiring the strangenesse of that Engine a Locke and Key Hee gaue the English leaue to seate themselues any where on his Riuers where the Natiues are not actually seated and entred into further couenants of amity for reciprocall defence mutuall transportation discouery of mines c. They report also of Copper Peeces presented to Opachank which Copper is gathered at the foote of the Mountaines where they digge a hole in the ground in which they put the oare and make thereon a great fire which causeth it to runne into a masse and become malleable neither haue they any tooles but smooth stones for that purpose This seemed strange to ours which heard the English Copper passeth eleuen fires His Maiesties gracious Letter to the Earle of South-hampton Treasurer and to the Counsell and Company of Virginia here commanding the present setting vp of Silke workes and planting of Vines in Virginia RIght trusty and welbeloued We greete you well whereas We vnderstand that the Soyle in Virginia naturally yreldeth store of excellent Mulberry trees We haue taken into Our Princely consideration the great benefit that maâ— grow to the Aduenturers and Planters by the breede of Silkewormes and setting vp of Silkeworkes in those parts And therefore of Our gracious Inclination to a designe of so much honour and aduantage to the publike We haue thought good as at sundry other times so now more particularly to recommend it to your speciallcare hereby charging and requiring you to take speedy order that our people there vse all possible diligence in breeding Silkewormes and erecting Silke-workes and that they rather bestow their trauell in compassing this rich and solid Commodity then in that of Tobacco which besides much vnnecessary expence brings with it many disorders and inconueniences And for as much as Our seruant Iohn Bonoell hath taken paines in setting downe the true vse of the Silkeworme together with the Art of Silkemaking and of planting Vines and that his experience and abilities may much conduce to the aduancement of this businesse We doe hereby likewise require you to cause his directions both for the said Silkeworkes and Vineyards to be carefully put in practice thorowout our Plantations there that so the worke may goe on cheerefully and receiue no more interruptions nor delayes Giuen vnder Our Signet at our Pallace of Westminster the ninth day of Iuly in the twentieth yeare of our Raigne of England France and Ireland and of Scotland the fiue and fiftieth WINDEBANK To Our right trusty and right welbeloued Cousin and Councellour HENRY Earle of South-hampton Treasurer of our Plantation in Virginia and to Our trusty and welbeloued the Deputy and others of Our said Plantation Virginia The Treasurour Counsell and Company of Virginia to the Gouernour and Counsell of State in Virginia residing AFter our very harty commendations His Sacred Maiesty out of his high wisedome and care of the noble Plantation of Virginia hath beene graciously pleased to direct his Letters to vs here in England thereby commanding vs to aduance the setting vp of Silkworkes and planting of Vineyards as by the Copy herewith sent you may perceiue The intimation of his Maiesties pleasure we conceiue to be a motiue sufficient to induce you to imploy all your indeuors to the setting forward those two Staple Commodities of Silke and Wine which brought to their perfection will infinitely redound to the honour benefit and comfort of the Colony and of this whole Kingdome yet we in discharge of our duties doe againe renew our often and iterated Instructions and inuite you cheerefully to fall vpon
Rocks in the bottome of the Sea in forme of a Vine-leafe but farre more spread with veines of a palish red strangely interlaced and weaued into each other the vertue vnknowne There are besides fruits thither carried which thriue and multiply White Red Yellow Potatoes Sugar-canes Indicoes Parsnips exceeding large Radishes Cassaui the American root for bread the Indian Pompeon the water Melon the Muske Melon the most delicate Pine-apple Plantans and Papawes the English Artichoke Pease c. Master Moore applied himselfe to fortifying and to traine his men hee laid the foundation of eight or nine Forts called the Kings Castle Charles Fort Pembrokes Fort Smiths Fort Gates Fort Warwickes Castle Saint Katherines Fort c. mounting therein all such Ordnance as he had Being busied in these and other necessaries which held the men hard at worke Master Keath the Minister a Scot taxed him in the Pulpit for grinding the faces of the poore oppressing his Christian brethren with Pharoos taxes for which being conuented and by the generality contraried he fell on his knees and asked pardon which was easily with good admonition granted Two other malecontents were condemned to be hanged one of which for feare fell into a dead palsie the other was freed and after proued a good labourer He got two peeces of Ordnance out of the Sea-Venture Sir George Summers wracke framed a Church of Timber which was blowne downe and reedified and another built in a closer place with Palmito leaues Before the yeare expired an Aduiso with thirtie passengers were sent to prepare for Spaniards which made them fall so hard to worke that many fell sicke The Martha followed with sixtie passengers and in it Master George Barklie who tooke good notice of those Ilands The Elizabeth was sent the second time with fortie passengers These carried the first Potatos which being all lost but two castaway rootes haue yeelded increase there to admiration and are great reliefe to the Inhabitants Two Spanish Ships were seene soone after this Ship was gone to sound with their Boate attempting to come in but from the Kings Castle Master Moore made two shot which caused them to depart to the ioy of the Plantation which then had but three quarters of a barrell of Powder and but one shot more the Powder also by carelesnesse tumbled vnder the Muffels of the two Peeces which were discharged and yet not touched with fire The like mercifull prouidence appeared in certaine cartrages of Paper filled with Powder a negligent fellow leauing his Match burning vpon one of them all the while they were at Prayer so that the cole touched the Paper and fired it not A worse thing happened by a caruell of Meale which Daniel Elfred brought thither so stored with Rats that had neere ruined all the Plantation Two yeeres after came in the Blessing with one hundred passengers and the Starre with one hundred and eightie and soone after the Margaret and two Frigats with one hundred and sixtie Master Barkley also came to diuide the Countrie into Tribes and the Tribes into shares but Moore seeing his share and the Colonies to be none gaue him so cold entertainment that he returned as he came This bred Moore more dislike in England and his minding fortification so much with neglect of Corne bred a famin that attended with diseases specially one called the Feagues which without sense of paine swallowed vp all their strength at once whereof without succour they died some by foode and rest recouered The Rauens continued this mortality and then departed William Millinton was drawne into the Sea by a Fish and neuer seene more The Famine gaue a supersedeas to the workes and Moore sent them to seeke reliefe At Coupers I le with a contrary extremity of the abundance of Cahows and Fish many surfeited and died Some killed the Cattell and one stole away to the Woods and there franked himselfe feeding on land Crabbes and Wilkes For fishing the Smith was faine to make Hookes of Swords and Lines of old Ropes till a Frigat being sent with aduice into England the Welcome was sent with prouision Master Moore returned in this Ship and left the Gouernment to a Councell of sixe which should succeede each other monethly viz. Captaine Miles Kendall Captaine Iohn Mansfield Thomas Knight Charles Caldicot Edward Waters and Christopher Carter with twelue Assistants Moore arriuing here after much quarrell obtained eight shares of Land Hee died after in Sir Walter Raleighs Guiana voyage He was a man very pragmaticall and had before vndertaken much in Foulenesse for Rapes seede c. A man fitter for such a Plantation as this in the beginning was then some silken Citizen or stalking Gentleman or talking Traueller or sowre Humorist or grim Martialist might haply haue proued Caldicots Lot was first whose moneth being ended with Knight and Waters in a small Frigot he went to Virginia Mansfield succeeded in the new triumuirate and a plot not to surrender the Gouernment to such as from England should be appointed was disappointed Master Hughes was imprisoned and soone set at liberty but Master Keath his Symmystes fell to strange disputes and Hughes was againe conuented and by the Iury acquitted Mansfields moneth being passed in braules the two next were quiet yet those contestings after reuiued The Edwin arriued with good supplies Diuers Boates were lost at Sea about this time But one memorable accident was this In March a season most tempestuous on a faire Friday morning seuen men went in a Boate of two or three tuns to fish some of them fasting neither had they any prouision in the Boat with them but a few Palmeto berries some foure leagues from shoare a tempest tooke them and carried them quite out of sight of land their strength being spent the strength also of the tempest abated on sunday and a calme followed Too weake for Oares they lay adrife that night the next morning Andrew Hillyard the rest not able to helpe themselues spred the saile On tuesday one died on wednesday three which were cast ouer-boord on thursday night the sixth whom he was not able to turne ouer but stripped him ripped his belly with his Knife threw his bowels into Sea spred his body abroad tilted open with a sticke and so let it lye as a Cesterne to receiue some luckie raine water which God sent presently after so that in a small shower he recouered about foure spoonefuls of raine to his vnspeakable refreshment He also preserued neere halfe a pint of blood in a shooe which hee did sparingly drinke to moisten his mouth Two dayes he fed on his flesh to the quantity of a pound the eleuenth day after his losse of Land two flying Fishes fell into his Boate whose warme iucie bloud he sucked to his great comfort and within an houre after with greater comfort espied land which within foure houres he attained on a Rocke neere
left fifteene men to keepe possession furnished with prouision for two yeeres A. 1587. Sir Walter Raleigh sent a new Colony of one hundred fifty persons with three saile a Ship of one hundred and twenty Tuns a Fly-boat and a Pinnace Hee appointed twelue Assistants to the Gouernour and incorporated them by the name of Gouernour and Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia To these Sir Walter Raleigh sent succour fiue seuerall times the last by Samuel Mace 1602. An. 1603. the Bristow men sent thither by leaue of Sir Walter Raleigh in which Expedition was Master Robert Saltern who the yeere before had beene with Cap. Bart. Gosnold And thus are wee come to the beginning of his Maiesties gracious raigne when the North and South Plantations were by new Patents eagerly pursued the one from hence the other from the West parts of England Mawooshen and other parts were many yeeres visited by our men and An. 1607. a Plantation setled at Sagadahoc by two Ships sent by that wise and seuere Iustice Sir Iohn Popham and others the successe whereof hath been such that from the North Plantation it hath beene dignified with the Title of New England And for the Southerne parts A. 1606. a Colony went from hence set forth by the Virginia Company which haue euer since maintained their Plantation in differing fortunes As for the former Plantations of Sir Walter Raleigh some children were borne to them there and whether they liue they continued the possession or if the Sauages dealt perfidiously with them as Powhatan confessed to Cap. Smith that hee had beene at their slaughter and had diuers vtensills of theirs to shew their carkasses the dispersed bones of their and their Countrey mens since murthered carkasses haue taken a mortall immortall possession and being dead speake proclaime and cry This our earth is truly English and therefore this Land is iustly yours O English Thus haue we discouered the English right by Discouery Possession Praescription to which we may adde that none other Nation hath once aduentured to settle in those parts nor scarce to view them yea the French and Spanish Plantations in Florida Virginias Southerne neighbour soone ended in bloudy massacres the Spanish cruelly murthering the French vnder the conduct of Pedro Melendes which An. 1567. was repaid them by Dominique de Gorgues the acquittance written with his sword in Spanish bloud Florida euer since expecting ciuilizing from her first discouerers the English which is further ratified by the former Spanish disasters in the Expeditions of Pamphilo di Nauarez 1527. and of Solo 1537. into Florida which two iourneyes consumed neere one thousand men therein imployed besides other Expeditions of Ponce de Leon and others mentioned by Uega and the Spanish Authors Now for voluntary subiection of the Natiues giuing themselues and their lands to the Crown of England M. Ralph Lane hath testified for the first Colonie that Menatonon their King by his Messenger with him twentie foure principal men sent from Okisko King of Weopomiok his Vassall formally acknowledged Her Maiesty as seruants and homagers to her and vnder her to Sir W. R. For the last Plantation by the present Patent of His Maiesty Paspehay one of their Kings sold vs land for Copper and Powhatan the chiefe Lord of all the Sauages with thirty nine Werowances haue yeelded to more then formes and circumstances of homage besides contribution hauing also actually sold for Copper by him receiued of Cap. Iohn Smith and made voluntary cession of as much as the English desired going away with his people to leaue it to the English onely This purchase was much increased by Sir Thomas Dale and for whatsoeuer else which he held hee accepted a Copper Crowne as Vassall to His Maiesty which also hee really performed for a time howsoeuer since they haue beene perfidious And this perfidiousnesse of theirs hath further warranted the English Title Temperance and Iustice had before kissed each other and seemed to blesse the cohabitations of English and Indians in Virginia But when Virginia was violently rauished by her owne ruder Natiues yea her Virgin cheekes dyed with the bloud of three Colonies that of Sir R. Greenevile that of Sir W. R. both confessed by themselues and this last butchery intended to all extended to so many hundreths with so immaine inhumane dâ—uillish treachery that I speake not of thousands otherwise mis-caring here and mis-carrying there taking possession of Uirginia by their facts and fates by so manifold losses adding to the price of Virginias purchase Temperance could not temper her selfe yea the stupid Earth seemes distempered with such bloudy potions and cries that shee is ready to spue out her Inhabitants Iustice cryeth to GOD foe vengeance and in his name adiureth Prudence and Fortitude to the execution The Holy Patriarks had a promise of Canaan yet held no possession but with their dead bodies Ioseph by faith gaue charge concerning his bones Virginia by so many rights naturalized English by first discouery actuall possession chargeable continuation long prescription voluntary subiection deliuery of seisin naturall inheritance of English there borne reall sale legall cession regall vassallage disloyall treason hath now confiscated whatsoeuer remainders of right the vnnaturall Naturalls had and made both them and their Countrey wholly English prouoking vs if wee bee our owne not base degenerate vnworthy the name of English so that wee shall not haue any thing left like Dauids Embassadors which thus abused brought their Master a iust title to Ammon purchased by their disgraces to couer our nakednesse till Virginia couer reward inrich vs with a totall subiection at lest if not a fatall reuenge And thus much for our right which God hath giuen vs whose Virginian tribute is his glory that hee may indeed be Alpha and Omega as hath beene said of the Virginian Plantation which if it hath not satisfied the expectation hitherto no doubt that defect hath in great part proceeded from this The end of a thing is the beginning being first in intention though last in execution the end which Christians ought to ayme at is God Doing all things in the name of our Lord Iesus Christ to the glory of God the Father by the gracious guide and assistance of the Holy Ghost Glory is Frequens de aliquo fama cum laude And heereby is our Father glorified sayeth Christ if yee bring forth much fruite and so shall yee be my Disciples Loe here the scope of Christians Plantations to plant Christianity to produce and multiply Christians by our words and works to further the knowledge of God in his Word and Workes The workes of God glorifie their Creator The Heauens saith Dauid declare the glory of God c. I will triumph in the workes of thy hands O Lord how great are thy workes and thy thoughts are very deepe A bruitish man knoweth not neither doth a foole vnderstand this All creatures
and great riches confessed that they had taken three Portugall prizes The Spaniards at first receiued them on good conditions but some villaines seeing their wealth murthered them for which this Auditor had sentenced Roderigo de Fuentes with others as his Letter to the King of Spaine importeth Now had there then beene a Virginian or Bermudan Plantation how easily might they haue attained thither the Boat at least and escaped that butchery I could hither adde instructions from the English Indian Ships 1604. and 1608. from Captaine Fenton 1582. from the Earle of Cumberlands Voyages before related in the yeares 86. 89. 91. 93. 96. 97. and from Master Candish Master Dauis and others But we haue made too long a Virginian Voyage hauing no better freight then Arguments which the Times doe now promise if not worthy wise mens approbation yet good mens indulgence where in a weake body and manifold weighty imployments the willingnesse of a heart truely English sincerely Christian may seeme tolerable if not commendable pardonable if not plausible Another labour remaines to set downe rules and proiects of best fecibility and accomplishing this noble worke but I am onely a Freeman no Councellour of that Plantation and haue neither Lands there nor other aduenture therein but this of my loue and credit which with the allegiance to my Soueraigne and desire of the publike good of this Kingdome is more to me then all the treasures of America I seeke the good and not the goods of England and Virginia I follow the hand of God which haue giuen England so many rights in Virginia right naturall right nationall right by first discouery by accepted trade by possession surrendred voluntarily continued constantly right by gift by birth by bargaine and sale by cession by forfeiture in that late damnable trechery and massacre and the fatal possession taken by so many murthered English Gods bounty before his iustice now hath giuen vs Virginia that we should so in iudgement remember mercy as to giue Virginia againe to God in Christian acknowledgement of his goodnesse and mercy of his word and workes and in our owne more serious conuersion to prepare that of Virginia God goeth before vs in making this designe honorable to Religion to Humanity to our Ancestors to our King to our Kingdome God goeth before vs and hath giuen Virginia so rich a portion to allure and assure our loues in multiplying our people and thereby our necessities enforcing a vent in endowing Virginia with so large a iointure so temperate so commodious for the climate compared with other Countries beyond other Countries in her own diuersified Lands Seas Riuers in so fertile a soyle in so strong sweete stately delicate Woods and Timbers in her naturall hopes of Wines of Silkes of the bodies of Natiues seruile and seruiceable in Drugges Irons and probability also of other Mines in all materials for Shipping and other buildings God goeth before vs in offering that meane to saue that which wee seeke and spend in other perhaps enemies Countries to breede vp Marriners to train vp Souldiers to exercise labourers by transportation of English and Europaean creatures to plant another England in America enriched with the best things of Europe to giue vs Fish Tobacco and other present improuements as earnest of future better hopes and that in these times which haue so manifold necessities thereof in regard of monies men and trades decayed in regard of neighbour plantations in the probabilities of a South-Sea glory and in the case of obtruded warre obtruding on vs absolute necessity and including and concluding euery way so manifold vse God the Father Sonne and holy Ghost which goe before vs in these things if not in miraculous fire and cloudy pillars as when Israel went to Canaan yet in the light of reason and right consequence of arguments come into vs and fillvs with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding the spirit of counsell and of fortitude the spirit of knowledge and the feare of the Lord I may adde the spirit of vnity and counsell that he may vouchsafe to goe with vs and we with him and after him to Uirginia Amen O Amen Be thou the Alpha and Omega of Englands Plantation in Virginia O GOD. The end of the ninth Booke ENGLISH DISCOVERIES AND PLANTATIONS IN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW-FOVND-LAND WITH THE PATENT AND VOYAGES TO NEW-SCOTLAND Relations also of the Fleets set forth by Queene Elizabeth against the Spaniards THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A briefe Relation of the Discouerie and Plantation of New-England and of sundry Accidents therein occurring from the yeere of our Lord 1607. to this present 1622. Published by the President and Councell and dedicated to the Princes Highnesse here abbreuiated WHen this Designe was first attempted some of the present Company were therein chiefly interessed who being carefull to haue the same accomplished did send to the discouery of those Northern parts a braue Gentleman Cap. Henry Challons with two of the Natiues of that Territorie the one called Maneday the other Assecomet But his misfortunes did expose him to the power of certaine strangers enemies to his proceedings so that by them his Company were seized the ships and goods confiscated and that Voyage wholly ouerthrowne This losse and vnfortunate beginning did much abate the rising courage of the first Aduenturers but immediately vpon his departure it pleased the Noble Lord Chiefe Iustice Sir Iohn Popham Knight to send out another shippe wherein Captayne Thomas Hanam went Commander and Martine Prinne of Bristow Master with all necessary supplyes for the seconding of Captayne Challons and his people who arriuing at the place appointed and not finding that Captayne there after they had made some Discouerie and found the Coasts Hauens and Harbours answerable to our desires they returned Vpon whose Relation the Lord Chiefe Iustice and we all waxed so confident of the businesse that the yeere following euery man of any worth formerly interessed in it was willing to ioyne in the charge for the sending ouer a competent number of people to lay the ground of a hopefull Plantation Hereupon Captaine Popham Captaine Rawley Gilbert and others were sent away with two ships and an hundred Landmen Ordnance and other prouisions necessary for their sustentation and defence vntill other supply might be sent In the meane-while before they could returne it pleased God to take vs from this worthy member the Lord Chiefe Iustice whose sudden death did so astonish the hearts of the most part of the Aduenturers as some grew cold and some did wholly abandon the businesse Yet Sir Francis Popham his Sonne certaine of his priuate friends and other of vs omitted not the next yeere holding on our first resolution to ioyne in sending forth a new supply which was accordingly performed But the ships arriuing there did not only bring vncomfortable newes of the death of the Lord Chiefe Iustice together with the death of Sir Iohn Gilbert the elder
that yeerely fish about Yarmouth where they sell their Fish for Gold and fifteene yeeres ago they had more then 116000. Sea-faring men The fishing shippes doe take yeerely two hundred thousand Last of fish twelue barrels to a Last which amounted to 3000000. pounds by the Fishermens price that fourteene yeeres agoe did pay for their Tenths 300000. pound which venting in Pumerland Sprussia Denmarke Lefland Russia Swethland Germany Netherlands England or else-where c. make their returnes in a yeere about 7000000. pounds and yet in Holland they haue neither matter to build ships nor Merchandize to set them forth yet by their industrie they as much increase as other Nations decay But leauing these vncertainties as they are of this I am certaine That the Coast of England Scotland and Ireland the North Sea with Ireland and the Sound New-found-land and Cape Blanke doe serue all Europe as well the Land Townes as Ports and all the Christian shipping with these sorts of Staple fish which is transported from whence it is taken many a thousand mile viz. Herring Salt-fish Poore-Iohn Sturgion Mullit Tunny Porgos Cauiare Buttargo Now seeing all these sorts of fish or the most part of them may be had in a Land more fertile temperate and plentifull of all necessaries for the building of ships Boates and houses and the nourishment of man the Seasons are so proper and the fishings so neere the habitations we may there make that New England hath much aduantage of the most of those parts to serue all Europe far cheaper then they can who at home haue neither Wood Salt nor Food but at great rates at Sea nothing but what they carrie in their ships an hundred or two hundred leagues from their habitation But New Englands fishings is neere land where is helpe of Wood Water Fruites Fowles Corne or other refreshings needfull and the Terceras Mederas Canaries Spaine Portugall Prouance Sauoy Sicilia and all Italy as conuenient Markets for our dry fish greene fish Sturgion Mullit Cauiare and Buttargo as Norway Swethland Littâ—ania or Germany for their Herring which is here also in abundance for taking they returning but Wood Pitch Tarre Sope-ashes Cordage Flaxe Waxe and such like Commodities we Wines Oyles Sugars Silkes and such Merchandize as the Straits affoord whereby our profit may equalize theirs besides the increase of shipping and Mariners And for proofe hereof With two ships sent out at the charge of Captaine Marmaduke Roydon Captaine George Laâ—gam Master Iohn Buley and W. Skelton I went from the Downes the third of March and arriued in New England the last of April where I was to haue stayed but with ten men to keepe possession of those large Territories Had the Whales proued as curious information had assured mee and my Aduentures but those things failed So hauing but fortie fiue men and boyes we built seuen Boates thirtie seuen did fish my selfe with eight others ranging the Coast I tooke a plot of what I could see got acquaintance of the Inhabitants 1100. Beuer skinnes a hundred Martines and as many Otters Fortie thousand of dry fish wee sent for Spaine with the Salt-fish traine Oyle and Furres I returned for England the eighteenth of Iuly and arriued safe with my Company the latter end of August Thus in sixe moneths I made my Voyage out and home and by the labour of fiue and fortie got neere the value of fifteene hundred pounds in those grosse Commodities This yeere also one went from Plimmouth set out by diuers of the I le of Wight and the West Countrie by the directions and instructions of Sir Ferdinando Gorge spent their victuals and returned with nothing The Virginia Company vpon this sent foure good ships and because I would not vndertake it for them hauing ingaged my selfe to them of the West the Londoners entertained the men that came home with me They set sayle in Ianuary and arriued there in March they found fish enough vntill halfe Iune fraughted a ship of three hundred tunnes went for Spaine which was taken by the Turkes one went to Uirginia to relieue that Colonie and two came for England with the greene fish traine Oyle and Furres within six moneths In Ianuary with two hundred pounds in cash for aduenture and six Gentlemen well furnished I went from London to the foure Ships was promised prepared for mee in the West Countrey but I found no such matter notwithstanding at the last with a labyrinth of trouble I went from Plimoth with a Ship of two hundred Tunnes and one of fiftie when the fishing was done onely with fifteene I was to stay in the Countrey but ill weather breaking all my Masts I was forced to returne to Plimoth where rather then lose all reimbarking my selfe in a Barke of sixtie Tuns how I escaped the English Pyrats and the French and was betrayed by foure Frenchmen of War I refer you to the description of New England but my Vice-Admirall notwithstanding the latenesse of the yeere setting forth with me in March the Londoners in Ianuary shee arriued in May they in March yet came home well fraught in August and all her men well within fiue moneths odde dayes The Londoners ere I returned from France for all their losse by the Turkes which was valued about foure thousand pounds sent two more in Iuly but such courses they tooke hy the Canaries to the West Indies it was ten moneths ere they arriued in New England wasting in that time their seasons victuall and health yet there they found meanes to refresh themselues and the one returned neere fraught with Fish and Traine within two moneths after From Plimoth went foure Ships onely to Fish and Trade some in February some in March one of two hundred Tuns got thither in a moneth and went full fraught for Spaine the rest returned to Plimoth well fraught and their men well within fiue moneths odde dayes From London went two more one of two hundred Tuns got thither in sixe weekes and within sixe weekes after with fortie foure men and boyes was full fraught and returned againe into England within fiue moneths and a few dayes the other went to the Canaries with dry fish which they sold at a great rate for Rials of eight and as I heard turned Pyrats I being at Plimoth prouided with three good Ships yet but fifteene men to stay with me in the Countrey was Wind-bound three moneths as was many a hundred saile more so that the season being past the Ships went for New-found-land whereby my designe was frustrate which was to me and my friends no small losse in regard whereof here the Westerne Commissioners in the behalfe of themselues and the rest of the Company contracted with me by Articles indented vnder our hands to be Admirall of that Country during my life and in the renewing of their Letters Patents so to be nominated halfe the fruites of our endeuours theirs the rest our owne being thus ingaged now the
businesse doth prosper some of them would willingly forget mee but I am not the first they haue deceiued There was foure good Ships prepared at Plimoth but by reason of their disagreement the season so wasted as onely two went forward the one being of two hundred Tunnes returned well fraught for Plimoth and her men in health within fiue moneths the other of eightie Tuns went for Bilbow with dry fish and made a good returne In this voyage Edward Rowcroft alias Stallings a valiant Souldier that had beene with mee in Virginia and seuen yeeres after went with mee from Plimoth towardes New England with Thomas Darmer an vnderstanding and â—n industrious Gentleman to inhabite it all whose names with our proceedings you may read at large in my description of New England vpon triall before the Iudge of the Admiraltie how when wee had past the worst for pure cowardise the Master and Sailer ran away with the Ship and all I had and left mee alone among eight or nine Frenchmen of War in the yeere 1615. This Stallings went now againe in those Ships and hauing some wrong offered him in New England by a Frenchman he tooke him and as he writ to mee he went with her to Virginia with fish to trade with them for such commodities as they might spare hee knew both these Countries well yet hee promised mee the next Spring to meete mee in New England but the Ship and he perished in Uirginia This yeere againe diuers Ships intending to goe from Plimoth so disagreed as there went but one of two hundred Tunnes who stayed in the Countrey about six weekes with thirtie eight men and boyes had her fraught which shee sold at the first peny for two thousand one hundred pounds besides the Furs so that euery poore Sayler that had but a single share had his charges and sixteene pound ten shillings for his seuen moneths worke M. Thomas Darmer hauing liued about a yeere in New-found-land returning to Plimoth went for New England in this Ship and not onely confirmes what I haue writ but so much more approued of it that he stayed there with fiue or six men in a little Boat finding two or three Frenchmen among the Sauages who had lost their Ship augmented his company with whom hee ranged the Coast to Virginia where he was kindly welcommed and well refreshed thence returned to New England againe where hauing beene a yeere in his backe returne to Uirginia he was so wounded by the Sauages hee dyed vpon it them escaped were relieued at Virginia Let not men attribute their great aduentures and vntimely deaths to vnfortunatenesse but rather wonder how God did so long preserue them with so small meanes to doe so much leauing the fruites of their labours to bee an encouragement to those our poore vndertakings and this for aduantage as they writ vnto mee that God had laid this Countrey open for vs and slaine the most part of the Inhabitants by cruell Wars and a mortall disease for where I had seene one hundred or two hundred people there is scarce ten to bee found From Pembrocks Bay to Harrintons Bay there is not twentie from thence to Cape Anne some thirtie from Taulbuts Bay to the Riuer Charles about fortie and not any of them touched with any sicknesse but one poore Frenchman that dyed For to make triall this yeere there is gone sixe or seuen sayle from the West Countrey onely to fish three of whom are returned and as I was certainly informed made so good a voyage that euery Sayler for a single share had twentie pounds for his seuen moneths worke which is more then in twentie months hee should haue gotten had he gone for wages any where Now though all the former Ships haue not made such good voyages as they expected by sending opinionated vnskilfull men that had not experienced diligence to saue that they tooke nor take that there was which now patience and practise hath brought to a reasonable kinde of perfection in despite of all detractors and calumniations the Country yet hath satisfied all the defect hath bin in their vsing or abusing it not in it selfe nor mee VPon these inducements some few well disposed Gentlemen and Merchants of London and other places prouided two Ships the one of one hundred and sixtie Tuns the other of seuentie they left the Coast of England the three and twentieth of August with about one hundred and twentie persons but the next day the lesser Ship sprung a leake that forced their returne to Plimouth where discharging her and twentie Passengers with the great Ship and a hundred persons besides Sailers they set saile againe the sixth of September and the ninth of Nouember fell with Cape Iames but being pestred nine weekes in this leaking vnwholsome Ship lying wet in their Cabbins most of them grew very weake and weary of the Sea then for want of experience ranging to and againe sixe weekes before they found a place they liked to dwell on forced to lie on the bare ground without couerture in the extremitie of Winter fortie of them dyed and sixtie were left in very weake estate at the Ships comming away about the fifth of April following and arriued in England the sixth of May. Immediately after her arriuall from London they sent another of fiftie fiue Tuns to supply them with thirtie seuen persons they set saile in the beginning of Iuly but being crossed by Westerly winds it was the end of August ere they could passe Plimouth and arriued at New Plimouth in New England the eleuenth of Nouember where they found all the people they left in April as is said lusty and in good health except six that dyed Within a moneth they returned here for England laded with Clapboord Wainscot and Walnut with about three Hogsheads of Beauer skins and some Saxefras the thirteenth of December and drawing neere our Coast was taken by a Frenchman set out by the Marquis of Cera Gouernour of Ile Deu on the Coast of Poytou where they kept the Ship imprisoned the Master and Companie tooke from them to the value of about fiue hundred pounds and after fourteene dayes sent them home with a poore supply of Victuall their owne being deuoured by the Marquis and his hungry seruants they arriued at London the fourteenth of Februarie leauing all them they found and carried to New England well and in health with victuall and Corne sufficient till the next Haruest The Copie of a Letter sent by this Ship LOuing Cousin at our arriuall at New Plimoth in New England wee found all our Friends and Planters in good health though they were left sicke and weake with very small meanes the Indians round about vs peaceable and friendly the Countrey very pleasant and temperate yeelding naturally of it selfe great store of fruits as Uines of diuers sorts in great abundance there is likewise Walnuts Chesnuts Small-nuts and Plums with much varietie of Flowers Roots and Hearbs no
longest The soyle is variable in some places Mould in some Clay and others a mixed Sand c. The chiefest graine is the Indian Mays or Ginny-Wheat the seed-time beginneth in the midst of April and continueth good till the midst of May. Our Haruest beginneth with September This Corne increaseth in great measure but is inferiour in quantitie to the same in Virginia the reason I conceiue is because Uirginia is farre hotter then it is with vs it requiring great heat to ripen but whereas it is obiected against New England that Corne will not there grow except the ground bee manured with Fish I answere That where men set with Fish as with vs it is more easie so to doe then to cleere ground and set without some fiue or sixe yeeres and so begin a new as in Virginia and elsewhere Not but that in some places where they cannot be taken with ease in such abundance the Indians set foure yeeres together without and haue as good Corne or better then we haue that set with them though indeed I thinke if wee had Cattell to till the ground it would be more profitable and better agreeable to the soyle to sowe Wheat Ry Barley Pease and Oats then to set Mays which our Indians call Ewachim for we haue had experience that they like and thriue well and the other will not bee procured without good labour and diligence especially at seed-time when it must also bee watched by night to keepe the Wolues from the Fish till it be rotten which will bee in foureteene dayes yet men agreeing together and taking their turnes it is not much Much might bee spoken of the benefit that may come to such as shall here plant by Trade with the Indians for Furres if men take a right course for obtaining the same for I dare presume vpon that small experience I haue had to affirme that the English Dutch and French returne yeerely many thousand pounds profits by Trade onely from that Iland on which wee are seated Tobacco may bee there planted but not with that profit as in some other places neither were it profitable there to follow it though the increase were equall because Fish is a better and richer Commoditie and more necessary which may be and there are had in as great abundance as in any other part of the world Witnesse the West-countrey Merchants of England which returne incredible gaines yeerely from thence And if they can so doe which here buy their salt at a great charge and transport more Company to make their voyage then will saile their Ships what may the Planters expect when once they are seated and make the most of their Salt there and imploy themselues at lest eight moneths in fishing whereas the other fish but foure and haue their Ship lie dead in the Harbour all the time whereas such shipping as belong to Plantations may take fraight of Passengers or Cattle thither and haue their lading prouided against they come I confesse we haue come so far short of the meanes to raise such returns as with great difficultie wee haue preserued our liues insomuch as when I looke backe vpon our condition and weake meanes to preserue the same I rather admire at Gods mercies and prouidence in our preseruation then that no greater things haue beene effected by vs. But though our beginning haue beene thus raw small and difficult as thou hast seene yet the same God that hath hitherto led vs thorow the former I hope wâ—ll raise meanes to accomplish the latter CHAP. VI. Noua Scotia The Kings Patent to Sir WILLIAM ALEXANDER Knight for the Plantation of New Scotland in America and his proceedings therein with a description of Mawooshen for better knowledge of those parts IAcobus Dei gratia Magnae Brittanniae Franciae Hiberniae Rex fideique defensor Omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae Clericis laicis salutem Sciatis nos semper ad quamlibet quae ad decus emolumentum regni nostri Scotia spectaret occasionem amplectendum fuisse intentos â—â—llamque aut faciliorem aut magis innoxiam acquisitionem censere quà m quae inexteris incultis regnis vbi vitae victui suppectunt commode neuis deducendis Colonijs factu sit praesertim si vel ipsa regna cultoribus prius vacua vel ab infidelibus quos ad Christianam conuerti fidem Dei gloriam interest plurimum insessa fuerint Sed cum alia nonnulla regna haec non it a pridem nostra Anglia landabiliter sua nomina nouis terris acquisitis sed in se subactis indiderunt quam numerosa frequens diuino beneficio haec gens haec tempestate sit nobiscum reputantes quamque honesto aliquo vtili cultu eam studiose exercerine in deteriora ex ignauia otio prolabatur expediat plerosque in nouam deducendos regionem quam Colonijs compleant operaepretium duximus qui animi promptitudine alacritate corporumque robore viribus quâ—â—uscunque difficultatibus si qui alij mortalium vspiamse audiant opponere hunc conatum huic regno maxime idoneum inde arbitramur quod virorum tantummodo mulierum iumentorum frumenti non etiam pecuniae transuectionem postulat neque incommodam ex ipsius regni mercibus retributionem hoc tempore cum negotiatio adeo imminuta sit possit reponere Hisce de causis sicuti propter bonum fidele gratum dilecti nostri consiltarij Domini Willelmi Alexandri eqâ—itis seruitium nobis praestitum praestandum qui proprijs impensis ex nostratibus primus externam hanc coloniam ducendam conatus sit diuer sasque terras infra designatis limitibus circumscriptas incolendas expetiuerit Nos igitur ex regali nostra ad Christanam religionem propagandam ad opulentiam prosperitatem pacemque naturalium nostrorum subditorum dicti regni nostri Scotiae acquirendam cura sicuti alij Principes extranei in talibus casibus hactenus fecerunt cum anisamento consensu praedicti nostri consanguinei consiliarij Ioannis Comitis de Marr Domini Erâ—kene Garrioche summi nostri The saurarij computorum rotulator is collectoris ac The saurarij nouarum nostrarum augmentationum huius Regni nostri Scotiae ac reliquorum dominorum nostrorum Commissionariorum ciusdem Regni nostri dedimus concessimus disposumus tenoreque praesentie chartae nostrae damus concedimus dâ—sponimus praefacto Domino Willelmo Alexandro haredibus suis vel assignatis quibuscunque haereditariè omnes singulas terras continentis ac insulas situatas iacentes in America intra caput seu promontorium communiter Cap. de Sable appellatum iacens prope latitudinem quadraginta trium graduum aut ab co circa ab aequinoctiali linea versus septentrionem à quo promontorio versus littus maris tendentis ad occidentem ad stationem Sanctae Mariae naâ—ium vulgo S. Maries Bay deinceps versus
loosed from thence and the seuen and twentieth thereof they arriued at Saint Iohns Harbour in New-found-land and from thence sailed alongst the Bay of Conception where they left the Ship and dispatched themselues home in seuerall Ships that belonged to the West part of England and doe intend this next Spring to set forth a Colony to plant there The description of the Countrey of Mawooshen discouered by the English in the yeere 1602. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. and 9. MAwooshen is a Countrey lying to the North and by East of Uirginia betweene the degrees of 43. and 45. It is fortie leagues broad and fiftie in length lying in breadth East and West and in length North and South It is bordered on the East side with a Countrey the people whereof they call Tarrantines on the West with Epistoman on the North with a great Wood called Senaglecoune and on the South with the mayne Ocean Sea and many Ilands In Mawooshen it seemeth there are nine Riuers whereof the first to the East is called Quibiquesson on which there is one Towne wherein dwell two Sagamos or Lords the one called Asticon the other Abermot In this Towne are fiftie houses and 150. men The name of which Towne is Precante this Riuer runneth farre vp into the Mayne at the head thereof there is a Lake of a great length and breadth it is at the fall into the Sea tenne fathoms deepe and halfe a mile ouer The next is Pemaquid a goodly Riuer and very commodious all things considered it is ten fathoms water at the entrance and fortie miles vp there are two fathoms and a halfe at low water it is halfe a mile broad and runneth into the Land North many daies iourney where is a great Lake of 18. leagues long and foure broad In this Lake are seuen great Ilands toward the farthest end there falleeh in a Riuer which they call Acaconstomed where they passe with their Boates thirtie daies iourney vp and from thence they goe ouer Land twentie daies iourney more and then come to another Riuer where they haue a trade with Anadabis or Anadabijon with whom the Frenchmen haue had commerce for a long time Neere to the North of this Riuer of Pemaquid are three Townes the first is Upsegon where Bashabes their chiefe Lord doth dwell And in this Towne are sixtie houses and 250. men it is three daies iourney within the Land The second is Caiocame the third Shasheekeing These two last Townes are opposite one to the other the Riuer diuiding them both and they are two daies iourney from the Towne of Bashabes In Caioc 〈…〉 dwelleth Maiesquis and in Shasheokeing Bowant two Sagamos subiects to Bashabes Vpon both sides of this Riuer vp to the very Lake for a good distance the ground is plaine without Trees or Bushes but full of long Grasse like vnto a pleasant meadow which the Inhabitants doe burne once a yeere to haue fresh feed for their Deere Beyond this Meadow are great Woods whereof more shall bee spoken hereafter The Riuer of Pemaquid is foure dayes iourney from the mouth of Quibiquesson The third Riuer is called Ramassoc and is distant from the mouth of Pemaquid foure daies iourney it is twentie fathoms at the entrance and hath a mile ouer it runneth into the Land three daies iourney and within lesse then a daies iourney of the dwelling of Bashabes vpon this Riuer there is a Towne named Panobscot the Lord whereof is called Sibatahood who hath in his Town fiftie houses and eightie men The fourth Riuer Apanawapeske lying West and by South of Ramassoc at the entrance whereof there is twentie fathoms water and it is a mile broad it runneth vp into the Countrey fiue daies iourney and within three daies of the mouth are two Townes the one called Meecombe where dwelleth Aramasoga who hath in his Towne fiftie houses and eightie men The other is Chebegnadose whose Lord is Skanke and hath thirtie houses and ninetie men The mouth of Apanawapeske is distant from Ramassoc three daies iourney To the South-west foure daies iourney there is another excellent Riuer in the entranc◠whereof is twentie fathoms water and it is a quarter of a mile broad it runneth into the Land two daies iourney and then there is a great fall at the head wherof there is a Lake of a daies iourney long and as much in breadth On the side of this Lake there is a Strait and at the end of that Strait there is another Lake of foure daies iourney long and two daies iourney broad wherin there are two Ilands one at the one end and another at the other end I should haue told you that both these Lakes as also the rest formerly spoken of doe infinitely abound with fresh water fish of all sorts◠as also with diuers sorts of Creatures as Otters Beeues sweete Rats and such like The sixt Riuer is called Apponick on which there are three Townes the first is called Appisham where dwelleth Abochigishic The second is Mesaqueegamic where dwelleth Amniquin in which there is seuentie houses and eightie men the third is Matammiscowte in which are eightie houses and ninetie men and there dwelleth Narracommique To the Westward of this there is another Riuer called Aponeg it hath at the entrance ten fathoms water and is a mile broad it runneth vp into a great Sound of fresh water Vpon the East side of this Riuer there are two Townes the one called Nebamocago the other called Ashawe In the first dwelleth Mentavrmet and hath in his Towne 160. housholds and some 300. men In the second dwelleth Hamerhaw and hath in his Towne eightie housholds and seuentie men On the West side there is another Towne called Neredoshan where are 120. housholds and 100. men There is a Sagamo or Lord called Sabenaw Three daies iourney from Aponeg to the Westward there is a goodly Riuer called Sagadohoc the entrance whereof is a mile and an halfe ouer holding that breadth a daies iourney and then it maketh a great Sound of three daies iourney broad in which Sound are six Ilands foure great and full of Woods and two lesse without Woods The greater are called Sowaghcoc Neguiwo Neiwoc And in the verie entrance of this Riuer there is another small Iland from the West of which Iland to the Maine there is a Sand that maketh as it were a bar so that that way is not passable for shipping but to the Eastward there is two fathoms water This Sound diuideth it selfe into two branches or armes the one running North-east twentie foure daies iourney the other North-west thirtie daies iourney into the Maine At the heads whereof there are two Lakes the Westermost being eight daies iourney long and foure daies iourney broad and the Eastermost foure daies iourney long and two daies broad The Riuer of Aponeg runneth vp into this Sound and so maketh as it were a great Iland
between Sagadahoc and it From the Iland vpward the water is fresh abounding in Salmons and other fresh-water fish Some thirteene or fourteen daies iourney from the entrance in the North-east branch there is a little arme of a Riuer that runneth East some daies iourney which hath at the entrance foure fathoms water Vpon this arme there is one ouer fail which standeth halfe a daies iourney aboue this braneh vpon this arme there are foure Townes The first is called Kenebeke which hath eightie houses and one hundred men The Lord whereof is Apombamen The second is Ketangheanycke and the Sagamos name is Octoworthe who hath in his Towne ninetie housholds and three hundred and thirtie men This Towne is foure dayes iourney from Kenebeke and eight dayes iourney from To the Northward is the third Towne which they call Naragooc where there are fiftie housholds and one hundred and fiftie men The chiefe Sagamo of that place is Cocockohamas And on the small branch that runneth East standeth the fourth Towne named by Mâ—ssakiga where there are but eight housholds and fortie men Vpon the Northwest branch of this Sound stand two Townes more The first is called Amereangan and is distant from Kenebeke sixe dayes iourney In this place are ninetie housholdes and two hundred and sixtie men with two Sagamoes the one called Sasuâ—a the other Scawas Seuen daies iourney hence there is another Sagamo whose name is Octoworâ—kin and his Townes name Namercante wherein are fortie housholds and one hundred and twentie men A dayes iourney aboue Namercante there is a downefall where they cannot passe with their Cannoes but are inforced to carrie them by Land for the space of a quarter of a mile and then they put them into the Riuer againe And twelue dayes iourney aboue this Downfall there is another where they carrie their Boates as at the first and sixe dayes iourney more to the North is the head of this Riuer where is the Lake that is of eight dayes iourney long and foure dayes broad before mentioned In this Lake there is one Iland and three dayes iourney from this Lake there is a Towne which is called Buccawganecants wherein are threescore housholds and foure hundred men And the Sagamo thereof is called Baccatusshe This man and his people are subiects to the Bashabez of Mawooshen and in his Countrey is the farthest limit of his Dominion where he hath any that doe him homage To the Westward of Sagadahoc foure dayes iourney there is another Riuer called Ashamabaga which hath at the entrance sixe fathoms water and is halfe a quarter of a mile broad it runneth into the Land two dayes iourney and on the East side there is one Towne called Agnagebcoc wherein are seuentie houses and two hundred and fortie men with two Sagames the one called Maurmet the other Casherokenit Seuen dayes iourney to the South-west of Ashamabaga there is another Riuer that is sixe fathoms to the entrance This Riuer is named Shawakotoc and is halfe a myle broad it runneth into the Land fiftie dayes iourney but foure dayes from the entrance it is so narrow that the Trees growing on each side doe so crosse with their boughes and bodies on the other as it permitteth not any meanes to passe with Boates that way for which cause the Inhabitants that on any occasion are to trauell to the head are forced to goe by Land taking their way vpon the West side At the end of this Riuer there is a Lake of foure dayes iourney long and two dayes broad wherein are two Ilands To the North-West foure daies iourney from this Lake at the head of this Riuer Shawakatoc there is a small Prouince which they call Crokemago wherein is one Towne This is the Westermost Riuer of the Dominions of Bashabez and Quibiquisson the Westermost To the Reader I Haue thought good to adde to the English Plantations in New England those in the neighbour Countrey of New-found-land This was first discouered Ann. 1497. by S. Sebastian Cabot set forth by King Henry the seuenth the Voyages followed of M. Rut Albert de Prato M. Hore and others Ann. 1583. actuall and formall possession was taken in the right of Queene Elizabeth of glorious memory and her Successours by that memorable Knight Sir Humfrey Gilbert see sup lib. 4. ca. 13. And in the yeere 1609. M. Iohn Guy of Bristoll did write a Treatise to animate the English to plant there a written Copy whereof I haue A. 1610. It pleased his most excellent Maiestie to grant a Patent for a Plantation part whereof the whole might seeme too long for our purpose we haue inserted CHAP. VII The beginning of the Patent for New-found-land and the Plantation there made by the English 1610. deliuered in a Letter dated thence from M. GVY to M. SLANY Also of the weather the three first Winters and of Captaine WESTON with other remarkable Occurrents IAMES by the Grace of GOD of Great Brittaine France and Ireland King Defendour of the Faith c. To all people to whom these Presents shall come greeting Know yee whereas diuers Our louing and well disposed Subiects are desirous to make Plantation to inhabite and to establish a Colony or Colonies in the Southerne and Easterne parts of the Countrey and I le or Ilands commonly called New-found-land vnto the Coast and Harbour whereof the Subiects of this our Realme of England haue for the space of fiftie yeeres and vpwards yeerely vsed to resort in no small numbers to fish intending by such Plantation and inhabiting both to secure and make safe the said Trade of Fishing to Our Subiects for euer And also to make some commendable benefit for the vse of mankind by the lands and profits thereof which hitherto from the beginning as it seemeth manifest hath remained vnprofitable And for better performance of such their purpose and intentions haue humbly besought Our Regall Authoritie and assistance Wee being well assured that the same Land or Countrey adioyning to the foresaid Coasts where Our Subiects vse to fish remaineth so destitute and desolate of inhabitance that scarce any one Sauage person hath in many yeeres beene seene in the most parts thereof And well knowing that the same lying and being so vacant is as well for the reasons aforesaid as for many other reasons very commodious for Vt and Our Dominions And that by the Law of Nature and Nations We may of Our Royall Authoritie possesse our selues and make graunt thereof without doing wrong to any other Prince or State considering they cannot iustly pretend any Soueraigntie or Right thereunto in respect that the same remaineth so vacant and not actually possessed and inhabited by any Christian or other whomsoeuer And therefore thinking it a matter and action well beseeming a Christian King to make true vse of that which God from the beginning created for mankind And therefore intending not onely to worke and procure the benefit and good of many of Our Subiects
night to the harbour that we were in at our entring which we call Flag-staffe Harbour because we found there the Flag-staffe throwne by the Sauages away These Sauages by all likelihood were animated to come vnto vs by reason that wee tooke nothing from them at Sauage Bay and some of them may be of those which dwell there For in no other place where we were could we perceiue any tokens of any aboade of them c. CHAP. VIII Captaine RICHARD WHITBOVRNES Voyages to New-found-land and obseruations there and thereof taken out of his Printed Booke IT it well knowne that my breeding and course of life hath beene such as that I haue long time set many people on worke and spent most of my daies in trauell specially in Merchandizing and Sea-Voyages I haue beene often in France Spain Italy Portugall Sauoy Denmarke Norway Spruceland the Canaries and Soris Ilands and for the New-found-land it is almost so familiarly knowne to me as my owne Countrey In the yeere 1588. I serued vnder the then Lord Admirall as Captaine in a Ship of my owne set forth at my charge against the Spanish Armado and after such time as that seruice was ended taking my leaue of his Honour I had his fauourable Letters to one Sir Robert Denuis in the Countie of Deuon Knight whereby there might be some course taken that the charge as well of my owne Ship as also of two other and a Pinnace with the victuals and men therein imploied should not be any way burthensome to me Wherein there was such order giuen by the then right Honorable Lords of the priuie Counsell that the same was well satisfied which seruice is to be seene recorded in the Booke at White-Hall Now to expresse some of my Voyages to the New-found-land which make most for the present purpose My first Voyage thither was about fortie yeeres since in a worthie Shippe of the burthen of three hundred â—un set forth by one Master Cotton of South-hampton wee were bound to the Grand Bay which lieth on the Northside of that Land purposing there to trade then with the Sauage people for whom we carried sundry commodities and to kill Whales and to make Traine Oyle as the Biscaines doe there yeerely in great abundance But this our intended Voyage was ouerthrowne by the indiscretion of our Captaine and faint-hartednesse of some Gentlemen of our Companie whereupon we set faile from thence and bare with Trinity Harbour in New-found-land where we killed great store of Fish Deere Beares Beauers Seales Otters and such like with abundance of Sea-fowle and so returning for England wee arriued safe at South-hampton In a Voyage to that Countrie about six and thirtie yeeres since I had then the command of a worthy Ship of two hundred and twenty tun set forth by one Master Crooke of South-hampton At that time Sir Humfrey Gilbert a Deuonshire Knight came thither with two good Ships and a Pinnace and brought with him a large Patent from the late most renowned Queene Elizabeth and in her name tooke possession of that Countrie in the Harbour of Saint Iohns whereof I was an eye-witnesse He failed from thence towards Virginia and by reason of some vnhappy direction in his course the greatest Ship he had strucke vpon Shelues on the Coast of Canadie and was there lost with most part of the company in her And he himselfe being then in a small Pinnace of twenty tun in the company of his Vice-Admirall one Captaine Hayes returning towards England in a great storme was ouerwhelmed with the Seas and so perished In another Voyage I made thither about foure and thirty yeeres past wherein I had the command of a good Ship partly mine one at that time own Sir Bernard Drake of Deuonshire Knight came thither with a Commission and hauing diuers good Ships vnder his command hee there took many Portugall Ships laden with Fish and brought them into England as Prizes Omitting to speak of other Voyages I made thither during the late Queens raign I will descend to later times In the yeere 1611. being in New-found-land at which time that famous Arch-Pirate Peter Easton came there and had with him ten saile of good Ships well furnished and very rich I was kept eleuen weekes vnder his command and had from him many golden promises and much wealth offered to be put into my hands as it is well knowne I did perswade him much to desist from his euill course his intreaties then to me being that I would come for England to some friends of his and sollicite them to become humble petitioners to your Maiestie for his pardon but hauing no warrant to touch such goods I gaue him thinkes for his offer onely I requested him to release a Ship that he had taken vpon the Coast of Guinnie belonging to one Captaine Rashly of Foy in Cornewall a man whom I knew but onely by report which he accordingly released Whereupon I prouided men victuals and a fraught for the said Ship and so sent her home to Dartmouth in Donen though I neuer had so much as thankes for my kindenesse therein And so leauing Easton I came for England and gaue notice of his intention letting passe my Voyage I intended for Naples and lost both my labour and charges for before my arriuall there was a pardon granted and sent him from Ireland But Easton houering with those ships and riches vpon the Coast of Barbary as he promised with a longing desire and full expectation to be called home lost that hope by a too much delaying of time by him who carried the Pardon Whereupon he failed to the Straights of Gibraltar and was afterwards entertained by the Duke of Sauoy vnder whom he liued rich I was there also in the yeere 1614. when Sir Henry Manwaring was vpon that Coast with fiue good Ships strongly prouided he caused me to spend much time in his company and from him I returned into England although I was bound from thence to Marsseâ—â—is to make sale of such goods as I then had and other imploiments c. In the yeere 1615. I returned againe to New-found-land carrying with mee a Commission out of the high Court of Admiraltie vnder the great Seale thereof authorising me to empannell Iuries and to make inquirie vpon Oath of sundry abuses and disorders committed amongst Fishermen yeerly vpon that Coast and of the fittest means to redâ—esse the same with some other points hauing a more particular relation to the Office of the Lord Admirall What was then there done by vertue of that Commission which was wholly executed at my owne charge hath bin at large by me already certified into the high Court of Admâ—â—altie Neuerthelesse seeing the same hath beene ouer slipt euer since not produced those good effects which were expected I will in some conuenient place of this Discourse set downe a briefe collection of some part of my endeuours spent in that seruice not doubting but it will be as auaileable for the
of Codfish it is well knowne vnto you Salmons Eeles Mackarell Herrings Lance Caplin Dog fish Hollibuts Flowkes Lobsters Crabs and Muskles All and more then all these are here in great plentie very good and sweet meat The wild fruit and berries are small Peares Cherries Nuts Resberries Strawberries Barberries Dewberrics Hurtleberries with others all good to eate Many faire Flowers I haue seene here which I cannot name although I had learned Gerrards Herball by heart But wild Roses are here both red and damaske as fragrant and faire as in England All our Corne and Seedes haue prospered well and are already growne almost to perfect maturitie c. THE SECOND PART OF THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. X. Diuers Warlike Fleets set forth to Sea against the Spaniards by our English DEBORA Queene ELIZABETH of Glorious memory Her manifold Deliueries and Victories LOI the Man whose Mâ—se 〈…〉 s'd on Plantations New England Virgin Bermude Newfound-landed Lawrell for oliue take and make Relations Of Armes Harmes Fights Frights Flights Depopulations Romes Buls Spaines broyles Irelands 〈◊〉 Traitors branded GOD Angels Winds Seas Men Elizas Glory Conspire Shee outlines Death â—n Heauen in Story HAile greatest of English Names Glorious ELIZABETH Nor may wee after thy voyage and peregrination out of this World vnto thy true and heauenly home Country forget the great Acts of thy earthly Pilgrimage Thou wast indeed the Mother of English Sea-greatnesse and didst first by thy Generalls not salute alone but awe and trrrifie the remotest East and West stretching thy long and strong armes to India to China to America to the Peruvian Seas to the Californian Coast and New Albions Scepters Thou mad'st the Northerne Muscouite admire thy Greatnesse Thou gauest name to the North-west Straits Meta Incognita and the Southern Negros and Ilands of the South-vnknowne-continent which knew not humanitie were compelled to know Thee Thou imbracedst the whole earthly Globe in thy Maritime Armes thou freedst England from Easterlings and Lumbards borrowed legs and taughtst her not onely to stand and goe without helpe but become helpe to our friends and with her own Sea forces to stand against yea to stand vpon and stampe vnder feet the proudest of her foes Thou wast a Mother to thy Neighbours Scots French Dutch a Mirrour to the remotest of Nations Great Cumberland twelue voyages before recited are thine and the fiery vigor of his Martiall Spirit was kindled at thy bright Lamp quickened by the Great Spirit of ELIZABETH Drake Candish Iohn and Richard Hawkins Raleigh Dudley Sherley Preston Greenuile Lancaster Wood Raimund Leuison Monson Winter Frobisher Daâ—â—es and other the Star-worthies of Englands Sphere whose Planet-courses we haue before related acknowledge ELIZAS Orb to be their First and highest Mouer How many Royall Fleets did shee set forth In the yeeres 85. and 87. those vnder Sir Francis Drake before mentioned as that also in 95. vnder him and Sir Iohn Hawkins another Fleet 1590. vnder Sir Iohn Hawkins and Sir Martin Frobisher to the Ilands also 1591. the Iland Fleet vnder the Lord Thomas Howard now Earle of Suffolke that 1592. by Sir Iohn Burroughs and Sir Robert Crosse when the Madre de Dios was taken and another Carrike burnt An. 1594. Shee sent forth a Fleet to Brest where Frobusher was slaine Another 1599. vnder the Lord Thomas Howard A. 1600. vnder Sir Richard Leuison a Fleet to the Ilands 1601. another to Ireland A. 1602. vnder Sir Richard Leuison and Sir William Manson and another vnder the same Commanders 1603. as bequeathing in her fatall extreames Marine Actions and Glory to her Successour These and other her Sea-glories I purpose not here to dilate hauing already handled some of them but haue singled from the rest the actions of 88. 89. 96. and 97. praemising somthing as a Preface of the great deliuerances which God vouch safed that Virgin Queen That Church which is mystically called The woman drunken with the bloud of Saints had begun to persecute her from her birth Pope Clement the sixt decreeing against her Mothers mariage and Pope Paul the third thundring a terrible sentence against her Fathers Soueraigntie And although King Henry had first enacted against his daughters and after for them by Parliamentary authoritie yet when King Edward which vsed to call her his sweet sister Temperance was dead there wanted not some which extruded both the sisters and obtruded another succession Queene Mary dispersing that storme raised another wherein shee was exposed to the columnies of fairesoule-mouthed sycophants which would haue stained the reigne of that Queene otherwise branded as short bloudy vnfortunate with the slaughter of that Royall Virgin Story and others saying That in vaine the boughs of Heresie were lopped off if the Root were suffered to continue Long and straight imprisonment shee indâ—red and was forced by them to Masse Confession and externall profession of that Romish Catholiâ—â—sme which perhaps had not diuerted her enemies designe had not the peruersâ—st of her enemies Gardiner beene auerted by his owne death and had not also King Philip with the Spaniards enuied to the French so rich an Inheritance as by Queene M 〈…〉 death without â—ssue which could scarsly from her sicke and aged body be expect was likely to fall vpon Queene Mary of Scotland betrothed to the Dolphin of France whereby the Spanish greatnesse already embroyled enough was likely to bee ouermatched by the French increased with addition of three mightie Kingdomes Queene Mary dying and Cardinall Poole with many Prelates as it were attending her exequies with their owne with generall applause Shee was acknowledged Queen Her first care was to restore Religion notwithstanding the dangers thence incompassing her shee also reiected the mariage with King Philip whereof hee had treated with her by the Earle of Feria his Embassadour promising to procure thereunto the Popes dispensation neither admitted shee the offered match of Charles sonne to Ferdinand the Emperour and when Henry the French King by the Guisians was perswaded to challenge England to his sonne and daughter in law causing them to vse her title Francis Mary by the Grace of God King and Queene of Scotland England and Ireland and prepared Warres against her God tooke him out of the world being s 〈…〉 e at a Talt sport The new King and Queene continued their former challenge Title and Ensignes which gaue no small occasions of those euills which afterwards inuolued her breeding a great d 〈…〉 gust betwixt those two greatest Ladies which Christendome had both Heires to an absolute Souereigntie Shee expelled the French out of Scotland stablished the affaires of Ireland procured armour and weapons out of Germany caused much Artillery to bee cast of Brasse and Iron new Mynes of Brasse being sound at Keswicke and the stone Calammaris vsefull for Brasse-workes found here also prouision for Gunpowder was first at her commandement made here at home Barwicke fortified the Nauie furnished the Sea Townes imitating her example and increasing
with Stafford to kill the Queene making great promises to that purpose And he and Moody were further treated with on that point by Trappius his Secretary which by Stafford was reuealed and preuented But whiles all pretended the freeing of the Queen of Scots by this meanes they shortned her dayes and freed her of her life The story is knowne and I shall not need to insist vpon these later things nor on Tyrones Tragicall rebellion the death of so many thousands English Irish Spanish noâ— Lopez his plot to poison the Queene c. I but propound these things to excite English thankfulnesse to God and hatred to that Whoore drunken with bloud which hath thus enchanted the Kings of the earth yea like the Legion Deuill hath broken all chaines of allegeance and hath initiated in hellish mysteries naturall sworne subiects to inuasion and mutuall massacres yea to account it tolerable lawfull commendable meritorious and in ordine ad deum necessary ô times ô monsters to kill and murther and hath made it a compendious way to win the Kingdome of Heauen by killing the Kings of the Earth And if the bloud of so many Saints from Abel to Zacharias were threatned to fall on Ierusalem sometimes the holy Citie what may be said of Rome whose Temporall Monarchy first founded in the bloud of Rhemus brother of Romulus proceeded in exiling their owne Kings and in exterminating worlds of men out of the world Caesar alone is said in fiftie battells to haue slaine 1192000. men besides what was slaine in his Ciuill Warres in a world of time together exceeded in the sanctitie of the bloud of so many thousand Saints and Martyrs in ten dismall persecutions and yet fell short of the pretended Catholike Rome that mysticall Woman drunken with bloud I dare boldly auer and by History make it good yea in great part to a iudicious obseruer the former parts of this Worke haue shewed that since the Papall challenge of Monarchy ouer Monarkes by Gregory the seuenth the Deuills thousand yeeres of imprisonment being expired Antichristian Rome hath by Sword Fire Warres Ciuill and Forraine and other inhumane immane diuellish furies procured the shedding of more humane bloud then euer Heathen Rome in farre longer time had shed to erect their Heathenish Empire from the dayes of Romulus which founded the Citie to Augustus which grounded and stablished the Empire and Tiberius vnder whom Christ was crucified Yea if you adde the persecutions of the succeeding Emperors till Iulian the Apostata yet haue the later Antichristian exceeded in numbers as much as the executions of Warres are vsually beyond all comparison of the Iudiciall and Legall I adde that as the Ethnike Romans spilt none except in persecutions but Ethnike bloud so the pretended Christan Romists except in the Indies and the Holy Land Wars shed none in this account but Christian. This may seem a prodigal speech prodigious paradox to those which know not the millions which perished in the Holy Land Wars set kept on foot about 200. yeers together by Papall ambition so many hundreths of thousands which perished in the same times by open warres made by the Popes Crusados against the Albigenses Waldenses and what other names it pleased them to giue to better men then themselues in almost eightie yeeres continued warres So many Ciuill Warres in Germany the subiects and competitors armed by Crusados against the Emperours till that Eagle was plucked where one Henry whom Hildebrand first deposed fought sixtie battells In England France Italy and other parts in the daies of King Iohn Fredericke the second Coâ—radâ— Memfred Phillip and others and after that the long Bohemian broiles drenched in bloud after Husses fire and lately so innumerable millions pauperis est numerare in America and the Ilands which these bookes plainly euince to haue beene written in bloud by Roman authoritie and pretence not to make mention of the Philippinas the East Indies the Wars in Sicile and Naples and the Greeke Empire first weakned and after by Roman ambition lost how many hundreth thousands hath France lost of Christians within these last hundreth yeeres how many more haue taken their fatall farewells in the Belgian quarrell How doe those Low-countries and Germany still flow in bloud That I speake not of our England and Ireland But I hate the thoughts of those things and therefore come to the 88. businesse that also set on worke from Rome the widest and openest passage from hell for his ingresse and egresse that was a Murtherer from the beginning and in the last ages turning himselfe into an Angell of light hath there established his principall Vicar vnder pretended titles and seemings of Christ and Christianitie Yea this is also remarkable that in the treasons against Queene Elizabeth and in those against our present Souereigne King Iames whom God long preserue by Watson Clerke Cobham c. at first and in the Master and Monster-peece which was now ready to breake forth with violence and virulence from Hell and to blow vp all other Treasons that of the Gun-powder Traitors still the busiest part of the Tragedie is committed to some Romish Priest or Iesuite who should fit and frame the resolute dissolutenesse of wild spirits to the execution of it or themselues The Master Workman I say not Beelzebub is the Pope as appeareth in those before mentioned and in this of 88. whose Bull declaratory against that Worthy of women followeth as the contents thereof are deliuered by Meteranus to whose labours in this Story wee are principally indetted It was to be published in the Popes name by Cardinall Allen after the Nauie had arriued in England to command the English to yeeld their obedience to the Duke of Parma From the Pope therefore wee will begin our 88 Story touching the preparation and successe of that Armada sirnamed inuincible CHAP. XI Octagesimus Octauus mirabilis Annus The Popes Bull the King of Spaines preparations the Duke of Medinas Expedition the Duke of Parmas Forces for the inuasion of England diuers Sea-fights twixt the English and Spanish Fleets the Sea flight of the Spanish and miserable disasters in their returne Their lies The Queens Religious Triumph SIxtus Quintus by diuine prouidence vniuersall Pastor of the Flock of Christ to whom by continued and lawfull succession the administration and charge of the Catholike Church pertaineth taking into consideration the miseries and calamities whereinto the famous Kingdomes of England and Ireland had falne which in times past were commended so much for Vertues Religion and Christian Pietie and Obedience and now by the impious and vniust Empire of Elizabeth pretended Queene and a few adhering to her not onely to haue come to a dissolute estate and dangerous to it selfe but also as infected and venemous members are wont to cause infection and disease to the whole body of Christians and wanting there the due remedies which elswhere by help of
moued with the renoune and celebritie of his name with one consent yeelded themselues and found him very fauourable vnto them Then Ualdez with forty or fiftie Noblemen and Gentlemen pertaining vnto him came on boord Sir Francis Drakes ship The residue of his company were carried vnto Plimmouth where they were detained a yeere and an halfe for their ransome Valdez comming vnto Drake and humbly kissing his hand protesting vnto him that he and his had resolued to die in battell had they not by good fortune fallen into his power whom they knew to be right curteous and gentle and whom they had heard by generall report to be most fauourable vnto his vanquished foe insomuch that he said it was to be doubted whether his enemy had more cause to admire and loue him for his great valiant and prosperous exploits or to dread him for his singular felicity and wisdome which euer attended vpon him in the wars and by the which he had attained vnto so great honor With that Drake embraced him and gaue him very honorable entertainment feeding him at his owne table and lodging him in his Cabbin Here Valdez began to recount vnto Drake the forces of all the Spanish Fleete and how foure mighty Gallies were separated by tempest from them and also how they were determined first to haue put into Plimmouth hauen not expecting to be repelled thence by the English ships which they thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces perswading themselues that by meanes of their huge Fleete they were become Lords and commanders of the maine Ocean For which cause they marueiled much how the Englishmen in their small Ships durst approach within musket shot of the Spaniards mighty wodden Castles gathering the wind of them with many other such like attempts Immediately after Valdez and his Company being a man of principall authority in the Spanish Fleet and being descended of one and the same family with that Valdez which in the yeere 1574. besieged Leiden in Holland were sent captiues into England There were in the said ship 55. thousand Duckets in ready monie of the Spanish Kings gold which the souldiers merrily shared among themselues The same day was set on sire one of their greatest ships being Admirall of the squadron of Guipusco and being the ship of Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirall of the whole Fleete which contained great store of Gunpowder and other warlike prouision The vpper part onely of this ship was burnt and all the persons therein contained except a very few were consumed with fire And thereupon it was taken by the English and brought into England with a number of miserable burnt and scorched Spaniards Howbeit the Gunpowder to the great admiration of all men remained whole and vnconsumed In the meane season the Lord Admirall of England in his ship called the Arke-royall all that night pursued the Spaniards so neere that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the enemies Fleete and it was foure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English Fleete could ouertake him At the same time Hugo de Moncada Gouernour of the foure Galliasses made humble suite vnto the Duke of Medina that hee might be licenced to encounter the Admirall of England which liberty the Duke thought not good to permit vnto him because he was loath to exceede the limits of his Commission and charge Vpon tuesday which was the 23. of Iuly the Nauy being come ouer against Portland the wind began to turne Northerly insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate and fit gale to inuade the English But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler ships recouered againe the vantage of the winde from the Spaniards whereat the Spaniards seemed to be more incensed to fight then before But when the English fleet had continually and without intermission from morning to night beaten and battered them with all their shot both great and small the Spaniards vniting themselues gathered their whole Fleete close together into a roundell so that it was apparant that they ment not as yet to inuade others but onely to defend themselues to make haste vnto the place prescribed vnto them which was neere vnto Dunkerk that they might ioyne forces with the Duke of Parma who was determined to haue proceeded secretly with his small ships vnder the shadow and protection of the great ones and so had intended circumspectly to performe the whole expedition This was the most furious and bloudy skirmish of all in which the Lord Admirall of England continued fighting amidst his enemies Fleete and seeing one of his Captaines a farre off he spake vnto him in these words Oh George what doest thou Wilt thou now furstrate my hope and opinion conceiued of thee Wilt thou forsake mee now With which words hee being enflamed approached forthwith encountered the enemy and did the part of a most valiant Captaine His name was George Fenner a man that had beene conuersant in many Sea-fights In this conflict there was a certaine great Uenetian ship with other small ships surprized and taken by the English The English Nauy in the meane while increased whereunto out of all Hauens of the Realme resorted ships and men for they all with one accord came flocking thither as vnto a set field where immortall fame and glory was to be attained and faithfull seruice to be performed vnto their Prince and Countrey In which number there were many great and honorable personages as namely the Earle of Oxford of Northumberland of Cumberland c. with many Knights and Gentlemen to wit Sir Thomas Cecill Sir Robert Cecill Sir Walter Raleigh Sir William Hatton Sir Horatio Palauicini Sir Henry Brooke Sir Robert Carew Sir Charles Blunt Master Ambrose Willoughbie Master Henry Nowell Master Thomas Gerard Master Henry Dudley Master Edward Darcie Master Arthur Gorge Master Thomas Woodhouse M. William Haruie c. And so it came to passe that the number of the English ships amounted vnto an hundreth which when they were come before Douer were increased to an hundred and thirty being not withstanding of no proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards except two or three and twnety of the Queenes greater ships which onely by reason of their presence bred an opinion in the Spaniards minds concerning the power of the English Fleet the Marriners and Souldiers whereof were esteemed to be twelue thousand The foure and twentie of Iuly when as the Sea was calme and no winde stirring the fight was onely betweene the foure great Galleasses and the English ships which being rowed with Oares had great vantage of the English ships which not withstanding for all that would not be forced to yeelde but discharged their chaine-shot to cut a sunder their Cables and Cordage of the Galleasses with many other such Stratagems They were now constrained to send their men on land for a new supply of Gunpowder whereof they were in great scarcitie
neuer seene before And all to ioyne the Kingdome of that land Vnto the Kingdomes that he had in hand Now if you aske what set this King on fire To practise warre when he of peace did treat It was his Pride and neuer quencht desire To spoile that IlaÌ„ds wealth by peace made great His Pride which far aboue the heauens did swel And his desire as vnsuffic'd as hell But well haue winds his proud blasts ouerblown And swelling waues alaid his swelling heart Well hath the Sea with greedy gulfs vnknown Deuoured the deuourer to his smart And made his ships a pray vnto the sand That meant to pray vpon anothers land And now O Queene aboue all others blest For whom both winds waues are prest to fight So rule your owne so succour friends opprest As farre from pride as ready to doe right That England you you England long enioy No lesse your friends delight then foes annoy I haue thought good to adde here the prime reports made by the Spaniards and their friends touching the successe of their Armada as they were printed in Spaine and after published and scorâ—ed in England The true Relation of the successe of the Catholike Armie against their Enemies by the Letters of the Post-master of Logrono of the fourth of September and by Letters from Roan of the one and thirtieth of August and by Letters from Paris of the Kings Embassadour there wherein he declareth the imprisonment of Francis Drake and other great Nobles of England and how the Queene is in the Field with an Armie and of a certaine Mutinie which was amongst the Queenes Armie with the successe of the said Catholike Armie since they entred in the Groyne till they came on the Coast of England with two Ballets compounded by Christouer Brauo a blind man of Cordowa Printed with licence by Gabriel Ramos Beiarano Printer THe newes of England is confirmed here by a Letter of the Gouernour of Roan Hee writeth hee hath in his power the chiefe Pilot of Captaine Drake and that he knoweth that all the English Armie remained ouerthrowne hauing sunke two and twentie Ships and taken fortie and imprisoned Francis Drake hauing giuen them chase almost as high as Abspurge and slaine many by the sword and likewise saith that there was foâ—â—d in Captaine Drakes Ship a Peece of Ordnance of fiue and twentie foot long which discharged a Shot of a hundreth weight at once made of purpose with one onely Shot to sinke our Spanish Admirall and it pleased God although shee was somewhat battered yet was shee repaired againe and ouerthrew the English Armie THe English haue lost aboue fortie Ships in one encounter where they could not flye which was in Luxaten a Hauen in Scotland to the which place since the departure of the Spanish Armies from Calleis the English Armie followed and supposing they went to take that Hauen they got before ours to defend the entrance wee seeing them so neere the English Fleet and that they could not retire as they alwaies did when they pleased to the English Hauen they set vpon them so valiantly that they sunke twentie of their Ships and they tooke twentie 〈◊〉 whole and sound and the rest seeing their destruction fled away with great losse of men and their Ships very much battered and with this they say the Spanish Armie tooke the Hauen where they are very well lodged as euery one affirmeth and so the newes is here I pray God giue them good successe Wee vnderstand by the Post come from Calleis that in England it is forbidden vpon paine of death and losse of goods that no bodie doe write newes from thence to any place which confirmeth the newes aboue I Doe not write newes of the Spanish Armie because they are diuers and would gladly write the very truth Now by the newes which runneth from diuers places as Calleis Deepe and Holland and presumptions from England and other places it is holden for certaine that they fought with the English and broken their heads hauing sunke many of their Ships and taken others and the rest which they say were twentie seuen Ships returned very much battered to the Riuer of London which are all those that could escape There goeth with this Post another Post of Iorge Seguin of Calleis which saith that certaine Masters and Mariners of Zeland did affirme to the Gouernours of Calleis Mounsier de Gorden that our Fleet is in a Hauen or Riuer in Scotland called Trifla where they say there may ride two thousand Ships this is that which commonly is currant here BY newes from London the thirtie six of August it is knowne for most certaine from persons of credite that the Queens Admiral Generall was arriued in the Riuer of London with twentie fiue ships onely without his Admirall Ship which was taken by our Admirall Saint Iohn and it is well knowne in England that to hide the losse of their Admirall Ship they say bee put himselfe in a smaller Ship the better to follow our Armie and it is knowne for certaintie that he saued himselfe in a Boat when he lost his Ship That Drake for certaintie is taken or slaine The same is confirmed by the way of Holland by a Pinnace of theirs And from Austerland that the Queene commanded vpon paine of death that no body should speake of her Fleet and that there was great sorrow in those parts of England and that the Queene had in the field thirtie thousand raw Souldiers betwixt Douer and Margate and that the Catholikes vnderstanding that all their Fleet was dispersed moued a certaine Mutinie which forced the Queene to goe her selfe into the Field and for certaine it is knowne that there is not brought into England neither Ship nor Boat of ours more then the Ship of Don Pedro Valdez and that our Fleet was gone into Scotland and arriued in a Hauen called Trapena Euxaten AFter that I had written this here is arriued a Scottishman which saith that all the Spanish Fleet is arriued in Scotland and that Scottishmen haue taken Armes against the English THat vpon the thirtieth of Iuly without seeing any sayle of the Enemies in the Sea hee came to the Channell sixe leagues from Plimouth where vnderstanding the Enemies were hee gathered together and set in order all the Fleet and sayling the first of August there was discouered some Sayles of the Enemies the which the second day were numbred to bee three score Sayle of which the Duke tooke the wind and passed without any fight although he presented the same to them howbeit they began to shoot at the Rearward but the Duke in the Galleon S. Martin set the Prow of his Ship against the biggest of the Enemies the which being succoured by twentie others fled away of this fight and first encounter there was sunke three Galeasses and foure mightie Galeons of the Queenes there was burnt of ourâ— by negligence of a Gunner the Admirall of
from the Generall â—lowne vp by mine the company was drawne away During the time we lay in the Road our Fleet began the second of Iune and so continued six dayes after to fetch in some Hulks to the number of threescore of Dansik Stetin Rostock Lubeck and Hamburgh laden with Spanish goods and as it seemed for the Kings prouision and going for Lisbâ—â— their principall lading was Corne Masts Cables Copper and Waxe amongst which were some of great burthen wonderfull well builded for sailing which had no great lading in them and therefore it was thought they were brought for the Kings prouision to reinforce his decaied Nauie whereof there was the greater likelihood in that the owner of the greatest of them which carried two misnes was knowne to be very inward with the Cardinall who rather then he would be taken with his ships committed himselfe vnto his small Boate wherein he recouered Saint Sebastians into the which our men that before were in flie-boates were shipped and the Flie-boates sent home with an offer of Corne to the value of their hire But the winde being good for them for Rochel they chose rather to loose their Corne then the winde and so departed The Generall also sent his Horses with them and from thence shipped them into England The third of Iune Colonell Deuereux and Colonell Sidney being both very sicke departed for England who in the whole iourney had shewed themselues very forward to all seruices and in their departure very vnwilling to leaue vs that day we embarked all our Army but lay in the road vntill the eight thereof The sixt-day the Earle of Essex vpon receit of Letters from her Maiesty by them that brought in the victuals presently departed towards England with whom Sir Roger Williams was very desirous to goe but found the Generals very vnwilling he should do so in that he bare the next place vnto them and if they should miscarry was to command the Army And the same day there came vnto vs two small â—â—arkes that brought tidings of some other ships come out of England with victuals which were passed vpwards to the Cape for meeting with whom the second day after we set saile for that place in purpose after our meeting with them to goe with the Iles of Azores the second day which was the ninth we met with them comming backe againe towards vs whose prouision little answered our expectation Notwithstanding we resolued to continue our course for the Ilands About this time wâ—â— the Marchant Royall with three or foure other ships sent to Peniche to fetch away the companies that were leâ—â— chere but Captain Barton hauing receiued Letters from the Generalâ— that were 〈◊〉 ouerland was departed before not being able by reason of the enemies speedy marching thither either to bring away the artillery or all his men according to the direction those letters gaue him for he was no sooner gone then the enemy possessed the Towne and Castle and shot at out ships as they came into the road At this time also was the Ambassadoor from the Emperor of Marocco called Reys Hamet Bencasamp returned and with him M. Ciprian a Gentleman of good place and desert who sent from Don Autoniâ— and Captaine O 〈…〉 y from the Generals to the Emperour The next morning the nine Gallâ—â—â— which were sent not fiue daies before out of Andaluzia for the strengthening of the Ruer or Lisbâ—â— which being ioyned with the other twelue that were there before though we lay hard by them at Saâ—nt Iulians durst neuer make any attempt against vs vpon our departure from thence 〈◊〉 returning home and in the morning being a very dead calme in the dawning thereof fell in the winde of our fleet in the vttermost part whereof they assailed one stragling Barke of Plimmouth of the which Captaine Cauerley being Captaine of the land company with his Lientenant the Master and some of the Marriners abandoned the ship and betooke them to the ship-boats whereof one in which the Master and the Captaine were was ouer 〈…〉 with the Gallies and they drowned There were also two Hulkes stragled far from the strength of the other ships which were so calmed as neither they could get to vs nor we to them though all the great ships towed with their Boats to haue relieued them but could not be recouered in one of which was Captaine Miâ—shaw with his company who fought with them to the last yea after his ship was on fire which whither it was fired by himselfe or by them we could not well discerne but might easily iudge by his long and good fight that the enemy could not but sustain much losse who setting also vpon one other Hulke wherein was but a Lieutenant and he very sicke wereby the valour of the Lieutenant put off although they had first beaten her with their artillery and attempted to boord her And seeing also one other Hulke a league off a sterne of vs they made towards her but finding that she made ready to fight with them they durst not further attempt her whereby it seemed their losse being great in the other fights they were loath to proceede any further From 〈◊〉 day till the nineteenth of Iune our direction from the Generall was that if the winde were Northerly we should plie for the Azores but if Southerly for the Iles of Bayon We lay with contrary windes about that place and the Rocke till the Southerly winde preuailing carried vs to Bayon among whom was Sir Henry Norris in the Ayde who had a purpose if the Admirals had not come in with some 500 men out of them all to haue landed and attempted the taking of Vigo The rest of the fleet held with generall Drake who though he were two dayes before put vpon those Ilands cast off againe to Sea for the Azores but remembring how vnprouided he was for that iourney and seeing that he had lost company of his great ships returned for Bayon and came in there that night in the euening where hee passed vp the Riuer more then a mile aboue Uigo The next morning wee landed as many as were able to fight which were not in the whole aboue two thousand men for in the seuenteene dayes we continued on boord wee had cast many of our men ouer-boord with which number the Colonell generall marched to the Towne of Uigo neere the which when hee approached he sent Captaine Anthony Wingfield with a troupe of shot to enter one side of the same who found vpon euery streâ—tes end a strong barricade but altogether abandoned for hauing entred the Towne he found but one man therein but might see them making way before him to Bayon On the other side the Towne entred Generall Drake with Captaine Richard Wingfield whose approach on that side I thinke made them leaue the places they had so artificially made for defence there were also certaine ships sent with the Vice-admirall to lye close before
the Towne to beate vpon the same with their artillery In the afternoone were sent three hundred vnder the conduct of Captaine Petuiâ— and Captain Henry Poure to burne another Village betwixt that and Bayon called Borsis and as much of the Countrie as the day would giue them leaue to doe which was a very pleasant rich Valley but they burnt it all houses and corne as did others on the other side of the Town both that and the next day so as the Countrey was spoiled seuen or eight miles in length There was found great store of Wine in the Town but not any thing else for the other daies warning of the ships that came first in gaue them a respit to carry all away The next morning by breake of the day the Colonell generall who in the absence of the Generals that were on boord their ships commanded that night on shoare caused all our Companies to be drawne out of the Towne and sent in two troupes to put fire in euery house of the same which done we imbarked againe This day there were certaine Mariners which without any direction put themselues on shoare on the contrary side of the Riuer from vs for pillage The same day the Generals seeing what weake estate our Army was drawne into by sicknes determined to man and victuall twenty of the best ships for the Ilands of Azâ—res with Generall Drake to see if he could meete with the Indian Fleet and Generall Norris to returne home with the rest And for the shirting of men and victuals accordingly purposed the next morning to fall downe to the Ilands of Bayon againe and to remaine there that day But Generall Drake according to their appointment being vnder saile neuer strooke at the Ilands but put straight to Sea whom all the Fleet followed sauing three and thirty which being in the Riuer further then he and at the entrance of the same finding the winde and tide too hard against them were inforced to cast ancre there for that night amongst whom by good fortune was the Foresight and in her Sir Edward Norris And the night following Generall Norris being driuen from the rest of the Fleet by a great storme for all that day was the greatest storme we had all the time we were out came againe into the Ilands but not without great perill he being forced to turst to a Spanish Fisher-man who was taken two dayes before at Sea to bring him in The next morning he called a counsell of as many as he found there holding the purpose hee had concluded with Sir Francis Drake the day before and directed all their courses for England tarrying there all that day to water and helpe such with victuall as were left in wonderfull distresse by hauing the victuals that came last carried away the day before to Sea The next day he set saile and the tenth day after which was the second of Iuly came into Plimmouth where he found Sir Francis Drake and all the Queenes ships with many of the others but not all for the Fleete was dispersed into other harbours some led by a desire of returning from whence they came and some being possessed of the hulkes sought other Ports from their Generals eye where they might make their priuate commoditie of them as they haue done to their great aduantage Presently vpon their arriuall there the Generals dissolued all the armie sauing eight companies which are yet held together giuing euery Souldier fiue shillings in money and the armes he bare to make money of which was more then could by any meanes be due vnto them for they were not in seruice three moneths in which time they had their victuals which no man will value at lesse then halfe their pay for such is the allowance in her Maiesties ships to her Mariners so as there remained but ten shillings a moneth to be paid for which there was not any priuate man but had apparell and furniture to his owne vse so as euery common Souldier discharged receiued more in money victuals apparell and furniture then his pay did amount vnto CHAP. XIII A briefe and true report of the Honorable Voyage vnto Cadiz 1596. of the ouerthrow of the Kings Fleete and of the winning of the Citie with other accidents gathered out of METERANVS Master HACKLVYT and others AFter that Callis had beene taken by Cardinall Albert Archduke of Austria which afterwards by Papall dispensation married the Lady Isabella EugeniaClara Infanta who yet gouerneth the Belgians which acknowledge the Spaniard Queene Elizabeth thought it fitter to inuade the Spaniard at home then to expect his forces here The said Cardinall and Archduke of Austria had planted his vnexpected siedge before Callis and begun his vnwelcome battery on Wednesday the 17. of April 1596. and the Towne desired truce for foure and twenty houres which was reiected whereupon they yeelded themselues presently vpon condition of life and goods saued and sixe dayes cruce to be giuen them with liberty either to stay in the Citie or to goe to the Castle and if the King of Nauarre Henry the fourth the French King did not in that space relieue them they were to yeelde the Castle Most of them betooke themselues to the Castle and left their empty houses to the Conquerours The night before the truce expired they began to shoot at the Spaniards who had now made so fatall preparations that the next day Aprill 24. before noone they had beaten downe the wals and entered the Gouernour of the Towne and diuers others being slaine Queene Elizabeth meane while had prepared aide and the Souldiers and Ships at Leigh in Essex were detained by the windes which then were Easterly and instead of carrying the English thither brought hither the terrible thunders of the Spanish Ordnance insomuch that I haue heard that they shooke the looser glasse out of the windowes in Douer and filled the shoares of Essex Kent with the hideous reports of Calis her vnauoidable ruine And thus in so short time the Cardinall won that ancient Port by Strabo called Itium by Piolorâ—ey Gessoriacum as Meteranus collecteth which had cost the English eleuen moneths siedge before they vnder Edward the third tooke it An. 1346. They held it 202. yeers at which time Francis Duke of Gâ—â—se in the vnhappy daies of Queen Mary and by reason of her vnluckie ioyning with the Spaniards in their warres against the French recouered it in a few dayes vnlooked for battery to the French and therewith tooke not that Towne alone but the ioy of life also from that vnfortunate Queene both which seeming disasters were the price of Englands faire purchases both gaine and liberty in the dispersing of that Spanish cloud which from the time of the match had houered ouer vs and of the concomitant Antichristian Papall Mists which was a smoake from the bottomlesse pit to them which receiued it and a fire to them which refused it of what degree soeuer and in
came all together with friendly salutations and gratulations one to another which they tearme by the name of Hayling a ceremonie done solemnly and in very good order with sound of Trumpets and noise of cheerefull voyces and in such sort performed as was no small encouragement one to the other beside a true report of all such accidents as had happened in their squadrons Hitherto as I said our iourney was most prosperous and all our ships in very good plight more then that the Mary Rose by some mischance either sprang or spent her foreyard and two dayes after Sir Robert Crosse had in a manner the like mischance Now being thus betweene the North Cape and Cape S. Vincent and yet keeping such a course a loofe that by no meanes those from the shoare might be able to descrie vs The tenth of Iune a French Barke and a Flemming comming from the coast of Barbarie were brought in by some of our company but they were both of them very honorably and well vsed by the Lords Generall and so after a few dayes tarrying were peaceably sent away after that they had conferred with them about such matters as was thought good in their honorable wisedomes The twelfth of the same moneth Sir Richard Leuison Knight assisted with Sir Christopher Blunt fought with three Hamburgers and in that fight slew two of them and hurt eleuen and in the end brought them all three in The next day after Sir Richard Weston meeting with a Flemming who refused to vaile his foretop with the like good courage and resolution attempted to bring him in The fight continued very hot betweene them for a good space in the end the Swan wherein the said Sir Richard was had her forebeake strooken off and hauing spent before in fight the one side of her tire of Ordnance while she prepared to cast about and to bestow on him the other side in the meane time the Elemming taking his opportunitie did get almost halfe a league from him and so for that time made his escape And yet the next day after the said Flemming being in a manner got to the very mouth of the Riuer vp to Lisbone was taken and brought in by Master Dorrell being Captaine of the Iohn and Francis of London The 13. 14. and 15. dayes certaine little stragling Carauels were taken by certaine of the Fleete and in one of them a yong beggerly Fryer vtterly vnlearned with a great packet of Letters for Lisbon The 18. day early in the morning we tooke an Irishman and he came directly from Cadiz hauing beene there but the day before at twelue of the clocke at high noone This man being examined told truely that there was now great store of shipping at Cadiz and with them eighteene or nineteene Galhes in a readinesse and that among those ships there were diuers of the Kings best and namely that the Philip of Spaine was amongst them but what their intent was hee could not tell This man was commanded also to giue his attendance The 20. of Iune being Sunday wee came before Cadiz very early in the morning and in all this time as yet the whole Nauie had not lost either by sicknesse or by any other manner of waies six men to my knowledge Thus then I say being all in good plight and strong the 20. of Iune we came to Cadiz and there very early in the morning presented our selues before the Towne riding about a league or something lesse from it The Sea at that instant went marueilous high and the winde was exceeding large Notwithstanding a Counsell being called our Lords Generall forthwith attempted with all expedition to land some certaine Companies of their men at the West side of the Towne by certaine long Boats light horsemen Pinnaces Barges made for the purpose but could not compasse it and in the attempting thereof they chanced to sinke one of theâ— Barges with some fourescore good souldiers well appointed in her and yet by good hap and great care the men were all saued excepting eight And therefore they were constrained to put off their landing till another more conuenient time That morning very timely there lighted a very faire Doue vpon the maine yard of the Lord Admirals ship and there she sat very quietly for the space of three or foure houres And as at our very first comming to Cadiz this chanced so likewise on the very last day of our departing from the said Towne another Doue presented her selfe in the selfe same order into the same ship and presently grew wonderfull tame and familiar to vs all and did so still keepe vs company euen till our arriuall here in England We no sooner presented our selues but presently a goodly sort of tall Spanish Ships came out of the mouth of the Bay of Cadiz the Gallies accompanying them in such good order and so placed as all of them might well succour each other and therewithall kept themselues very close to their Towne the Castle and the Forts for their better guard and defence abiding there still and expecting our further determination All that day passed being very rough and boisterous and little or nothing could be done more then that about the euening there passed some friendly and kinde salutations sent one from the other in warlike manner by discharging certaine great Peeces On monday morning being the 21. day the winde and weather being become moderate and fauourable betweene fiue and six of the clocke in the morning our ships in the name of the Almighty God and in defence of the honour of England without any further delay with all speed courage and alacritie did set vpon the Spanish ships being then vnder saile and making out of the mouth of the Bay of Cadiz vp toward Puente de Suaç◠on Granada side being in number 59. tall ships with 19. or 20. Gallies attending vpon them forced in such good order and reasonable distance as they might still annoy vs and alwaies relieue themselues Interchangeably 〈◊〉 hauing likewise the Castle Forts and Towne continually to assist them and theirs and alwayes ready to play vpon vs and ours In most mens opinions it seemed that the enemy had a wonderfull aduantage of vs all circumstances being well weighed but especially the straightnesse of the place and the naturall forme and situation of the Bay itselfe being rightly considered For albeit the very Bay it selfe is very large and exceeding beautifull so that from Câ—diz to Port S. Mary is some six or seuen English miles ouer or there abouâ—s yet be there many rockes shelues sands and shallowes in it so that the very channell and place for sea roome is not aboue two or three miles yea and in some places not so much for the ships of any great burthen to make way in but that they must either be set on gâ—ound or else constrained to run foule one on another All this notwithstanding with great and inuincible courage the Lords
conquered foe 1905 Iohn Drake liued 15 moneths with the savages 1186. His mishaps 1440 1441. His fame gotten by his iourney to the West Indies and about the World 1916 Drano a River neere Orenoco It s vnhealthy passage 1250 Dreames sceming ominous 1191 Drinke to some poison to other bodies beneficiall although the very same 1173. Great drinkingmatch by the Indians 1285. Drink made of roots great want of drink 1364. It s quality and varietie among the Indians 1381. Drinking esteemed by those of Peru the greatest courtesie that can be offered by King or Subiect 1473. Strange drinking 1519. Drinke made of Berries at the Bermudas 1739. Drinke made of Plummes in Virginia 1784. Scarcitie of drinke 1143 Drowth extraordinarie in New-England 1866 Drugs in Guiana 1276 Drunkennesse a vice of Savages 1189 1473. Drunkennesse like to ouerthrow an English Armie 1916 Ducks the curiousnesse of making their nests in the Magellane Streights 1385 Dudley viz. Sir Robert Dudley his voyage and successe to Trinidada and the coast of Paria c. 1186 Duke of Medina his kindnesse to the English 1834. His yearely tribute of the Fishers of Tunny-Mullit and Purgos 1837. His preparation for the Spanish Fleet in Anno 1588 1895 Duke of Parma his forces in 88 1902. His apparell for horses 1903. His vaine hope of the Crowne of England 1907 Duke of Medina is prohibited the Court because hee returned without the English Crowne 1910 Duke of Parma's force against England 1895 Capt. Du Pont his voyages into the New-found-lands 1643 A Dutchmans courtesie to the English 1261. Dutchmens treachery to the Englishmens inhabiting Virginia 1841 Dutchmens fals-heartednesse 1721 And abuse of Capt. Smith by ioyning to Powhatan 1723. Their treacherie frustrateth his attempt for the surprizall of Powhatans house 1725. Their plot to kill Capt. Smith and fruitlesse issue 1726. Their continued base treacherie and deserved pension one comming to a miserable and among the English the others having their braines beaten out by Savages 1729 E. EArle of Essex his worthy acts 1917. His valorous chalenge in Portugall Voyage 1924. His voyage to the Iles. of Azores 1935. His trouble travell and arivall Hee taketh three Spanish Ships 1937 Earth medicinable earth like guâ—me in Virginia 1765. Earth red like terra sigillata 1765 Earth-quakes 1476 Earth-quakes frequent in Tercera 1670. A terrible Earth-quake in S Michaels I le and the dreadfull effects thereof 1678 1679 Ease and efferainate life enemies to great practices 1436 East-India warres disburden the Spaniard of West India gold and silver 1815 Ecatepeck supposed the highest mountaine in the world from the top whereof are discerned the north and South seas 1177 Eclipses what conceited to be by some Americans 1462 Echro an Iland neere Port-Ricco 1267 Eggs very hard and sounding like Bels 1306 Ekinnick a kinde of worme that poysoneth the water 1286 Elephants how taken by the Aethiopians 1234 El estado de Arauco the description thereof the fiercenesse of the inhabitants and their opinion of the Spaniards 1442 El Caâ—â—o the Port of Lima 1446 Capt. Ellis his relation of Sir Richard Hawkins his voyage 1416 Q. Elizabeths providence in repairing her Army Royall 1903 Q. Elizabeth denounced excommunicate by Pope 〈◊〉 her subiects are discharged from loyalty and allegeance 1892. Her enemies abroad are disappointed traitors at home taken in their owne pâ—t â—bid Her triumph after the deliverance in 88. 1912 Q. Elizabeths Encomium 1823 Q. Elizabeths martial affairs 1181 Elizabeth-Bay 1386 Elizabeths Ile in Virginia 1648 Its description being thought fit and commodious for plantation 1649. At large 1651. vide Ile of Elizabeth Elizabeth her manifold dangers and gracious deliverances 1890 Elizabeth Iles inhabitants described their ornaments nature proportion wittinesse courtesie yet theeverie 1651. The description of the climate ibid. Embalming by the Indians how well performed 1459 Embassage from the English to the Massasoyt chiefe Commander of the Savages in Pacanokick 1851 Embroderie exercised among the Savages 1560 Emeralds of inestimable worth 1420 1446. An Emerald as big as an Estriches Egge and therefore was adored by the Indians 1481. Emerald store 1560 Emeria the easter most part of Dorado 1247 Enemies to bee kept in awe as the Spaniards by the Earle of Cumberland at Port-Ricco who though he meant not to spoile their towne yet told them not so much 1186 Enemies taken among the Savages are commonly killed and eaten 1217 1218 Engines in warre by the Indians performed 1361 Englishmens discoveries of America 1813 An English Pilots treacherie and adherence to the Spaniards 1773 Englands gaine by Salt-fish Poore-Iohn Salmonds and Pilchards 1837 Englishmen rather desirous to bee renowned for mercy and clemencie then for dreadfull conquest 1959 English miracles by Captain Smith in Virginia such as the Spaniard vsed in the Indies 1727 English-Bay in the Magellane streights the description of the inhabitants 1388 English Captiues delivered by the Duke of Medina 1934 English Nauy returneth from Azores Iles 1968 English forces mustered 1903 English gallants reprehended for their vnprouidence in going to warre 1942 English inhabiting the River Wiapoco 1270 Englishmen chusing rather to trust God and the Sea then the deuill and the Spaniards 1186 Englishmen striking terrour in the Charibes 1273. Take possession of the Mountaine Gomerigo 1278 English mens nature 1440 Englishmen slaine in Virginia by the treacherie of the Indians and the cause why 1841 Englishmens encounters in new-New-England 1841 Englishmen cheat the Indian of their victuals and turne savage 1865 Englishmens throats cut by the Portingals 1959 English fugitiues appointed to giue the first onset against their owne Nation 1908 Englishmen sinke the Spanish ships or take them 1673 1674 English Fleet set forth and successe 1676 English returne from the pursuit of the Spaniards 1910 English ships by their nimblenesse farre exceeding the Spanish Galliasses 1905 English victory ioyned with courtesie 1677 English famine and mortalitie in Virginia 1690 English souldiers dye with drinking of water 1927 E 〈…〉 sh desire a battell with the Portingals 1924 English forbidden to furnish the Spaniard with munition 1927 Enmity imparted by sending a rattle Snakes-skinne full of arroweâ— 1854 Entertainment how strange among the Savages of Pores 1208 1292. Among Brasilians Enuy espyeth more inpretended then in professed enemies 1959 Eparigotos enemies to the Epuremi in India 1248 Epeoya a great Iland in Brasile 1241. Called by the Indians Sapeawera ibid. Epuremi Indians neere the River Orenoco 1248 Equibone a towne at the foot of Marwin in America inhabited by the Arwaccas and Parawagotos Savages 1283 Eregooda a place neere Orenoco 1248 Escudo an Iland 1185 Estanca that is a farme place where slaues keepe cattle and make Cassani bread among the Indians 1146 Estechemins Savages in Canada enemies to the Irocois 1607 Estriches tame 1230 Eteowbo a mountaine in America 1214 Etepararange a mountaine abounding with gold 1229 Etaoca a place in America 1219 Etapuca a great mountaine in America 1214 Etamatiqua a Cape in Brasile its fitnesse for Navigation 1238.
French is they deserued 1605 Spanish irregularitie in the Indies derided by a French Catholike 1621. Spaniards arrest English Ships 1893. Spanish preparation against England Anno 1588. p. 1895. Spanish policy 1897. The Spanish A 〈…〉 ada setteth faile is discomfited by a tempest is at last descried by an English Pirat 1903 Spaniards vaine opinion concerning the English Fleet 1907 Spaniards fire their owne ships 1931. Span Armada's cut their Cables 1908. They fly for to saue their liues 1910. They suffer miserable shipwracke on the Irish Sea They seize on some Scottish Fisher-boats ib. Spanish plagues and miseries by the English 1680 There flight for feare of the English 1932. Spanish Fly-boats molest the English about the coasts of Cornwall 1698. Spanish Caruels dispersed 1698. Spanish ships at Sea for the discoverie of the state of Virginia's Colony 1773. Spaniards hated by the Portingals 1952. Spaniards variety of dispositions in various fortunes 1954. Their nature in generall ibid. Sparries relations of the I le of Trinidad Guiana and the River Orenoco 1247 1248 seq Spices excellent good hot and comfortable in the Magellane straits 1390 Spiders with silken webs and little eggs like Quick-siluer in the Bermudas 1899. Not found to bee venemous ibid. Spignard wherof is a precious oyntment made 1264 Spilpergen a famous Navigator among the Dutck 1191 Spirito Santo a Port in the West-Indies neerè the Liue 1190 1196. It s description and fortification 1197 Spleene how cased 1315 Squanto a Savage of the company of the Massasoyts very helpfull and commodious to the English 1851 Squasachin wife to the great gouernour of the Savages 1861 Squirrels flying in Virginia 1695 Capt. Standish his training vp his men in new-New-England to military affaires 1854. His iourney to the Masacheuasets 1863. Hee encountreth with a Savage and putteth him to flight 1865 teth him to flight 1865 Stars obserued by the Indians 1870 Stately Statues in the Indies 1463 Steering a ship requireth exquisite care 1378 1379 Stills set on worke for want of water 1967 Stingeray Ile so named of a stinging Raye 1714 Stomaccace a strange disease its cause and cure by scurvie-grasse 1624 The Stone how and with what cur'd 1310. An approued medicine for it 1312 Stones like Chrystall 1216 Rich Stones 1276 Stones transparent 1284 No Stones in some part of Florida 1504 Stones medicinable 1509 Stones how necessary in new France 1624. The benefit of them ingenerall ibid. Straits of Magellane how dangerous a passage 1439 Strawberies of rare bignesse in Virginia 1686 A Stratagem of the Indians 1442 1443 Peter Strosse in his desperate brauery taken by the Spaniards to the losse of his nauy 1962 Tho. Stukâ—ley an English fugitine his faire promise to the Popes bastard 1893 Stuesia an Indian riuer 1362 Sturgeon store in Virginia 1758 Suboris certaine Indians so called 1364 Earle of Suffolkes setting forth a Fleet 1186 Sugar-Canes 1171 Sulphry smels issuing from raine 1157 Cap. Summers voyage 1186 Sun and Moone worshipped 1233 1464. 1465. Suppayas certaine Indians inhabiting Wiapoco riuer their description 1263. Their nakednesse painting child-birth Funeralls c. ibid. Supply to the Plantation in Virginia by the English 1841. Supply to the plantation of New-England 1867 Superstition among Savages 1226 Surarer a towne of Savages called Araccaws in America 1283 Sarcucuses a Savage nation their commodities 1356 Susolas-Indians 1516 Swearing forbidden amongst the Inhabitants of Peru 1451 Swearers punished in the King of Spaines Armada 1902 Swearing and blaspheming its ill euent 1805 Sweating vsed by the Indians to expell diseases 1624 Swine with holes in their backs 1326 Sword-fish 1266 Symamios Savages in the West-Indies so called 1364 Symarons fugitiue Negroes in the West-Indies 1414. Their habitation called St. Iago de los Negros ibid. T. TAbaga Iland 1415 Tacâ—ia Savages 1299 Tagrona one of the richest valleyes in the Indies 1434 Tali a Floridan Towne 1540 Tamgara a dancing bird troubled with some disease like the falling sicknesse 1305 Tamos a populous Prouince 1562 Tamkings a peece of wood of great moment for shooting in peeces of Ordnance 1413 Taminna a mountaine in America signifying the mountaine of gold 1217 Tapatu a Floridan riuer 1552 Tapecuia Savages 1299 Tapetijwason a strange beast in in Port-famine in the streights of Magellane 1233. Portugals call them Gombe 1233 Tapati a Brasilian beast that barketh like a dog 1393 Tapia taken by Sir Francis Drake 1183 Tapuyas certaine Savages so called 1213. Many Nations vnder that name 1298 seq Their speech cannot bee vnderstood 1299. The seuerall nations ibid. Tapyrousoa au Indian beast whose skin makes Targets 1325 Taragauig Brasilians that fight w th enuenomed arrowes 1299 Tar or Taroo a place neer Orenoco 1249 Targets of Cow hides 1560 Targets made of Buff-skins eaten 1214. Targets beneficiall against Savage arrowes 1716 Tarcaluca-Prouince 1541 Taru a beast of Brasil that hath scales like plates on her back which no arrow may enter 1302 Tatalacoya a towne of the Indians in Florida surprized by Spaniards 1549 Tatarcax a rich King in America 1561 Tauparamunni a towne inhabited by Caribes in the riuer Marwin 1283 Taymayas the name of some Indian Savages 1211 1213. Tamoyes description their infinite store of gold and precius stones their nature and civilitie 1231 Tecoantepeck the first Towne in New Spaine 1177 Teeth shedding by drinking a kind of water neere the River Rhine 1622 Teixo a wood as hard as stone 1670 Temples couered with straw in Topira 1560. Temples to the Sun Moone and Stars richly adorned in the ancient City Cozco of Peru which women might not enter 1465 A horrible Tempest 1175. Extreame Tempests 1193 1194 1223 1500. Frequent Tempests 1502 A dreadfull Tempest neere Tercera throwing fishes on the ground ouer exceeding high cliffes its pittifull effects 1679 1680. An extreame Tempest brauely related 1735 1736 1737 Tenaserea a Mountatine in the East-Indies where Diamonds are found 1271 Teneriffa an Iland in the Canaries it s exceeding high mountaines great riches store of Sacke 1156 1369 1370 Tepique a Prouince neere New-Spaine taken possession of by Spaniards 1559 Tercera one of the Azores Ilands 1143. The description thereof its forts fortification mountain and sudden discouerie of ships its chiefe Towne wines prouision fruits 1668. The chiefe trafficke woad 1669. Its birds seasons Stones ibid. Corne Uines Oxen called by names like men ibid. Subiect to earth-quakes strange fountaine and wood Inhabitants are all Portingalls or Spaniards 1670 its strange diseases strong windes and other villages 1671. Whence so called and the store of Oade growing there 1938 Terra-Australis incognita its description at large 1423 seq its bignesse situation diuersity of inhabitants their manner and disposition described 1423. its commodities of fruits beasts fishes filuer pearle probability of gold spices c. 1424 Riuers and other commoditie at large its possession for the King of Spain 1425 1426 Terra Firma 1146. it hath on the coast 70 Ilands 1434 the publication of God there after the Spaniards manner
characters sort not to terrestriall fabrikes instanced in the Reuenge Thunderbâ—lt and this Resentance with the Iesus of Sir Io. Hawk Considerations for pretended Voyâ—ges Prouisions bâ—â—ter prouided at Plimoutâ— then at London Note Danger of Porâ—s open Parts requisite in a good Mariner Abuses of some Sea faring men Master Thomas Candish Master George Reymond Note He addes another remedie in taking away imprâ—sts The consequence of Instructs at departure False calking For preuention thereof Example See Cap. â—rings last Voyagâ— in which the Great Iames was oft endangered thereby Aduice for shooting at Sea Two English shâ—ps haue hâ—â—eby much wroâ—ged each other by mistaking The Madera Ilands Canarie Ilands Gorgosho The descâ—iâ—tion of Tenerif and the Pike Of a Tree in Fierro One M. Lewis Iackson now dwelling in Holboâ—â—e told me that A. 1618. he had beene in this Iland and seene this Tree which he thus described It is as big as an Oake of middle size the barke white like Haâ— dbeame sixe or seuen yards high with ragged boughs the leafe like that of the Bay white on the bottome and greene on the other side It beareth neither fruit nor flower It is scituate in the decliuitie of a Hill in the day it is withered dropping â—n the night a cloude hanging thereon yeelding water sufficient for the whole Iland which containeth 8000. soules and aboue 100000. beasts Camels Mules Goats c. It falls into a Pond made of bricke floored with stones very thight by pipes of â—ead conueighed from the Tree to it and thence diuided into seuerall Ponds through all the Iland They which dwell vp-hill fetch â—t in barrels They water therewith also their Corne-grounds The Pond holds 20000. tuns and is filled in a night He added a report perhaps deuised to keepe off busie fingers or with busie tongues to multiplie wonders that the Moores hauing taâ—en that Iland from the Christians went to fell that Tree but each blowe recoyled on the striker Hee affirmed also that hee had beene â—p the Pike of Teneriff two miles He saith the South side is healthfull the North very Aguish and subiect to Calentures and the Inhabitants on one side looke lustie on the other withered The first discouerers of these Ilands Exercises vpon the Southwards of the Canaries â—â—pe de Verde The vnwholsomnesse thereof The heate The Breze Another cause of Feuers is the dâ—wes which fall euery night so that the exceeding moisture and vnsoundnesse thereof causeth men lying or watching in the open aire to fall sicke The remedie The influence of the Moone in hot Countries Saint Iago Sacked by Manuel Serades Sir Francis Drake and Sir Anthony Sherley Fuego Fiery hill Brano good watering The Palmito The Plantan great leaues Placentia The Cocos their kindes Coquillos A third kinde Cyuet-Cats Munkeyes Parrots * Tawt or taught a Sea-terme sig stiffe and fast Morning and euening praier Change of water Error in reckoning Note The lesse of Edward â—otton Current-consideration New found-land Current Leuant Sea Brasil and South Sea Currents of smaller force neere the shore A discourse of the Scuruey or Scorâ—â—â—â— The signes Azores Strange effect of calmes The remedies By Diet. By shift By labour By early eating and drinking Ten thousand English dead of the Scuruie in 20. yeeres By sowre Oranges and Lemmons By Doctor Steuens water By Oyle of Vitry By the Aire of the Land The company sicke and dismayed Prouerbe Brasill Cape Saint Augustine Farnambuca Todos Santos De Vitoria Dangers of fire By heating of Pitch Vse of â—ugge Gownes Preuention Diuers ships as the Primrose Iesus of Lubeck Robuck Blacke Lion c. haue beene burned By hooping scuâ—ling of Caske Note By natures of waters By swearing An excellent order for shipswearing Custome feedâ— vice which seuerity starueth Pi hy discourse of diuers fishes and their description The Dolphin The Bonito The Sharke His mouth Superstition All-deuouring Three rowes of teeth Whelping Pilats â—â—shes Sea hawking and hunting Flying fishes Alcatrace The fight of the Whale with the Sword-fish and Thresher The strokes heard two leagues Of Whales see our Greeneland discourses li. 3. c. 2. 〈◊〉 Amber-greece Amber Corall Best times to passe the line froÌ„ the Northwards to the Southward Port of Santos For preuention of annoyances c. in Harbours S 〈…〉 rds periury Their punishment Note for that harbour The vertue of Oranges Distilling of Salt water Vnskilfulnesse of the Masters Mâ—te Prouidence of God and the caâ—â— of the Master Care of Steeridge Exquisit in the Spaniards and Portugals Cape Blanco Saint Ialmes Ilands alias Saint Annes Gannets Purslane Cherries Palmitos Purgatiues Artechoques or Prick-pears A good note to take or refuse vnknowâ— fruits Contagious water Waste losse of mâ—n Hawke burnt Sholes of Abrcoios Industry of the 〈…〉 ans They surprise 〈◊〉 French G 〈…〉 at Canoa San sebastian Wise stratagem The merry euents of a care full watch 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 Palmito Iland The creatures Cape Frie. Ienero Little Iland Isla Grand Shels of mother of Pearle Price of Negroes Cassaui meale And for Beuerage The manner of planning Iuca With the labour of the women The description of Brasil Its Hauens Strang worme Variation of the Compasse The ouerthrow of the Voyage by a perfidious man The cunning of Runnawayes Birds like Swans Such the Hollanders found in the Straits which they called Mayres Caughâ— with Line Hooke Proue good refreshment Care of the Patagones Land vnknowne A descriâ—tion of the same A caueat for comming suddenly to neâ—re an vnknowne Land Point Tremountaine Faire Iland Conduit-head Hawkins Maidenland Beds of Oreweed with white flowres Our comming to the Straits Description thereof Pedro Sarmiento buildeth San Philip. Hogs Ilands of Pengwins Note Since it hath bin plainly found that all the South part are Ilands Good prouision in the Straits The description of the Pengwin Hunting the Pengwin The keeping for store The Guls. Ducks Cunning Architecture Their neatnes Of Seales or Sea-woolues Description of the Seale Their Sentinel The second peopling of the Spaniards Elizabeths Bay The Riuer of Ieroniâ—â— Another channell Blanches Bay Obiection of waste Answere Warning against wormes which eate througâ—sâ—aps Of sheathing ships In Spaine and Portugall with double plankes With Canuas With burnt plankes In china with Varnish in England Best manner of sheathing The Naturaâ— Long Reach Mouth of the Straits Note Tempest English Bay The natiues houses Sloth cause of imagination Tobias Coue. Setting of the ship vpon a Rocke To the laborious God propitious Crabby Coue. Gods gracious deliuerance Voyage ouerthrowne by giuing way to murderers Edward Fenton and Master Thomas Candish Master William Hawkins The mending of an vnseruiceable Anchor Entertainment of time to auoid idlenesse A kind of hot Spice in the Straits In gathering of Wiâ—ters Barke Of Pearles in the Straits Discourse of Pearles how they breed Preuention of Rats The calamities they bring to a ship Backwardnes in the company Cape Desire South part of the Straits Ilands
you samples by Master Huntlie especially one sort of Gumme which I am perswaded will proue very rich Also I haue sent vnto you a peece of a Stone taken out of a Manuate or Sea Cowe I am giuen to vnderstand that a little thereof beaten into powder and drunke in Wine or Ale will in few houres cure any man that is troubled with the Stone they say it dissolueth it instantly I doubt not but to get a dosen of them before this time twelue moneths my refiner hath made triall of sundrie Minerals but cannot yet finde any Mettals At my arriuall here I found a Dutch Shippe and sithence here hath arriued another they buye vp all the Flaxe they can get and pay so deere that I can get none they haue not gotten so little I thinke as ten tunnes of Flaxe within these two moneths I doubt not but I shall be able to returne a Shippe laden with Flaxe and other commodities the next yeare the Flaxe yeeldeth a wonderfull encrease and will grow any where but especially in low moorish grounds the Indians report that the Roote yeeldeth increase euery moneth and euerie yeelde may be some foure ounces by this accompt an acre of ground planted with these rootes and distant three foote a sunder will yeelde 17280. li. euerie yeare which amounteth at sixe pence the pound to 432. li. I doubt this will not proue answerable to their reports but I verily beleeue it will yeelde halfe the encrease they speake of the Dutch men haue reported that it is worth in Holland but six pence the pound but they confesse that Holland will vent 500. tunne thereof Some of the Dutch men haue reported that it is worth in Holland sixteene pence the pound which I rather beleeue for my Weuers tell me that they will warrant it to dresse exceeding well and then it must needes be excellent fine grounds for any stuffe for Cotten here is little not worth the speaking of yet the Countrie will yeelde abundance and in sixe weekes the seede will yeelde Cotten and it beareth continually and plentifully I pray you sir send me more Weauers for I know not how to get any thing spunne for them for the women here are put to that extreame labour that they haue no time to spinne for they onely fetch water cut wood to burne and bring it home vpon their backes they gather all their rootes and bring them out of their Gardens they make all their Bread which is verie laboursome they dresse all the victuals make all the drinke attend vpon the men while they are at meate and besides they dresse vp their houses in their kinde and nurse their owne children so as they are alwayes toiled with labour and haue little or no time to spinne For Sugar Canes the world doth not yeelde better soyle for their encrease and whereas in Barbarie it is fifteene or sixteene moneths before they come to perfection here they grow vp in ten moneths And in Barbarie they are planted onely in two Uallies where they are watered euery weeke but here they grow vpon the Mountaines and neuer watered but with raine onely A few yeares I doubt not will afford plentie of Sugars if wee shall haue meanes to make them My loose commodities as Hatchets Beades Kniues Looking-glasses c. are almost all gone a great part in buying of victuals but the most part to stoppe the mouthes of my Mutinors and monstrous Sailours to whom also I haue promised two third parts of my Iron Now for the prosecuting of this voyage in such sort as that we be not preuented by the Spaniard nor any other Nation I would entreate you with as much speede as possibly you can to send me a supply of one hundred men at least to abide here all labouring men and Gardners for such are the fittest here for a time with a few Carpenters and with them three or foure good peeces of Ordnance with shot and powder also fiftie Caliuers for the men that stay here if you can send these men in two Shippes I doubt not but to lade one of them backe in three moneths after arriuall and the other which I wish may be the Oliue plant I would keepe here and fit her for a Frigot to keepe and command the Riuer I haue written to my brother Iohn Leighe to deliuer vnto you such monies as he hath receiued of Gifford who I hope hath ere this time paid his debts I hope you shall get store of voluntarie men to ease the charge of the Uoyage and looke what you shall disburse in my behalfe for the accomplishment of the Uoyage I will God willing see you honestly paid with aduantage or else if it please you to put it in aduenture it shall be accomplished in any sort to your owne desirâ— As I doubt not of your loue and forwardnesse especially in so good an action so also I make no question but this Countrie will in few years yeelde you satisfaction beyond your expectation If my wife haue not alreadie attained her suite of the Kings Maiestie I hope she will the sooner speede vpon this newes which if she doe my desire is that all shall be imployed vpon these proceedings and to that effect I haue written to her I haue written a Letter to the Kings Maiestie another to the Lords of the Counsell and one to mâ— Lord Admirall The bearer hereof Captaine Huntlie is the worthiest yong Gentleman that euer went to Sea vpon any dangerous enterprize he was neuer dismaid neither with extreame dangers at Sea nor with all the Mutinies aboord which had beene able to haue discouraged an old experienced Souldier besides I found him alwaies a most true faithfull and loyall friend and therefore I pray accompt him for a right honest man I have made him my Lieftenant generall of these Countries during life and therefore I pray let him returne chiefe commander in the first supply I would pray you also to procure to come with him some honest and discreete men whom I might relie vpon as trustie friends and vse as companions both for aduise and societie for I am now very vncomfortably matched hauing no worldly strength to trust vpon but my selfe onely I haue sent vnto you foure Indians principall men in their Countrie which were deliuered vnto me as pledges of our safeties here and they are to returne again the first but I thinke some of them will be more willing to stay longer The English man which was left here by Captaine Lea is dead I pray you procure Sir Walter Rawleighes Indian or my Lord Admirals for I want an Interpreter exceedingly here is but one and he vnderstandeth but little to any purpose I pray forget not to send Preachers sober and discreete men and such as are well perswaded of the Church gouernment in England c. From Principium or Mount Howard this second of Iuly 1604. CHAP. XIII A true Relation of the traiterous massacre of the most part of threescore
and seuen English men set on land out of a Ship of Sir Oliph Leagh bound for Guiana in Santa Lucia an Iland of the West Indie the three and twentieth of August written by IOHN NICOL SIr Oliph Leagh a worshipfull Knight of Kent sending a supply of good numbers of men in a Ship called the Oliph blossome to his brother Master Charles Leigh which was planted in the Riuer of Wiapogo within three degrees and an halfe Northward of the Equinoctiall line in the West Indies which departed from Wolwich the foureteenth of Aprill 1605. vnder the conduct of Captaine Cataline and Captaine Nicholas Sainct Iohn I being desirous to see the world consorted my selfe with that coâ—pany But by contrary windes and vnknowne currents of the Sea and the vnskilfulnesse of our Master Richard Chambers wee were put to leeward of our port without any hope of recouering the same in any due time And being not victualled as it seemed for aboue foure or fiue moneths after consultation had we were faine to touch first at the Isle of Barbudos and then at Santa Luzia in the West Indies Where fearing to perish at Sea for hunger before we should be able being so many aboord to reach England Captaine Nicolas Saint Iohn with the rest of the passengers which purposed to haue staied with Master Charles Leagh at Wiopogo in Guiana resolued to stay and take their fortune in the aforesaid fruitfull Iland Thus sixtie seuen of vs at our owne seeking were left on shore in the aforesaid Iland of Santa Luzia the three and twentieth of August 1605. with our Swords Muskets and Powder and one Falcon and one barill of Biscuit onely for all our food The next day our Ship departed from vs with some discontentment because we had seased vpon her Boate to serue our turnes After our Shippe was departed from vs we liued very peaceably daily trading with the Indians for victuals which were Cassaui Potatos Plantans Pinas Popayes Pompions Calabassus Tobacco Pappies Mammeyes all very pleasant to eate Also they brought vnto vs Hens and Guls and some Pelicanes Woodcocks and Snipes we our selues did kill with our Peeces many of them likewise And euery night we sent out sixe vpon the sands to seeke for Tortoyses whereof we neuer missed night without one or two and many times three which was the greatest sustenance we found for they are very large and great I haue often taken out of one of them to the number of seuen hundred egges Also the Indians had great store of Roan linnen cloathes Serges and other Stuffes and Spanish wollen cloath and iarres of Oyle which they tooke and saued at Sea with their Periagnas For three Spanish Shippes had beene there cast away a little before our arriuall if we had had a Pinnesse there we could haue laden her with many good commodities which they had hid in their houses in the woods All which we could haue bought for Hatchets Kniues Beades Thimbles Fishhookes and other such trifles Thus for the space of fiue or sixe weekes wee went not much abroad till our Captaine seeing certaine foure square Plates which the Indians ware on the small of their armes asked Browne a Gold finer his opinion what he thought of them who told him that three parts thereof was Gold And asking the Indians where they got them they pointed vnto an high Mountaine on the North-west part of the Iland This caused Captaine Nicholas Saint Iohn and Iohn Rogers who was our interpreter for the Spanish tongue with as many of our chiefe men as could well goe in the Boate vpon a Munday to goe thither promising his Brother Alexander Sainct Iohn Master Garret and Master Tench whom he left to gouerne the rest at home to returne the next Saturday The Indians for three dayes after did not come vnto vs with victuals for they perceiued when the Boate went and as we thinke they were then at the slaughter of our men at the Mountayne Vpon Thursday morning we killed two Tortoyses on the sands where wee found a great company of the Indians gathered together for what purpose we knew not And lest wee should suspect them of any bad intent towards vs they willingly offered themselues to bring home our Tortoyses which they tooke into their Periaguas and brought them to our Houses All that forenoone wee kept good watch for there were very many that came both by Sea and Land to the number of two or three hundred and diuers of them were very merrie with vs drinking of Tabacco and Aquauitae vntill ten of the clocke and then they departed all saue one which was a Captaine of the I le of Saint Vincent called Augramert and an old man which was his Father who promised vs if wee would goe to their houses that wee should haue any thing that they had For the day before I had beene at their houses with other two of my fellowes to haue bought victuals yet they would not part with any no not for any commoditie that wee had and yet they had more store of victuals then euer I saw them haue before But wee perceiued afterwad that it was prouided for them that came to take their parts against vs whom they kept secret in the Woods So we three returned and trauelled farre into the Iland and passed through sixe or seuen Gardens very full of Cassabe Potatoes and many other rootes and fruits and by the way saw many tall trees of so huge bignesse that wee three could not at twice fathome one of them about and they were so hard that wee could not cut them with our Kniues and the Barke of them was white like Ash. Then we returned to our Sconce againe Vpon Thursday after dinner Master Alexander Saint Iohns Master Francis Kettleby the elder Master William Tench my selfe and diuers others to the number of eighteene went with Augramert and his father hauing neither Bowe nor Arrow onely his father had a Brasill sword They went thus meanly armed lest wee should suspect them Augramert also promised Master Alexander Saint Iohn that he should see his wife and we should haue Hamaccos which are Indian beds of net-worke made of cotton yarne to lye in So we trauelled along the Sands very securely young Saint Iohn going a little space before playing and jesting with the Indian Captain till they came within sight of their houses where in the woods they had placed an ambush of three hundred Caribes when suddenly Augramert tooke hold of his Rapier with the one hand and of his Poniard with the other and the old man his father with his Brasill sword strooke him downe to the ground Then out of the woods came the Arrowes so thicke about our eares that wee had not the time to put our matches in our cocks And many of our companie had their match to light which gaue a great encouragement vnto the enemie insomuch that we discharged not sixe peeces against
zeale by her to aduance Christianitie I was present when my Honorable Reuerend Patron the L. Bishop of London Doctor King entertained her with festiuall state and pompe beyond what I haue seene in his great hospitalitie afforded to other Ladies At her returne towards Uirginia she came at Grauesend to her end and graue hauing giuen great demonstration of her Christian sinceritie as the first fruits of Virginian conuersion leauing here a godly memory and the hopes of her resurrection her soule aspiring to see and enioy presently in heauen what here shee had ioyed to heare and beleeue of her beloued Sauiour Not such was Tomocomo but a blasphemer of what he knew not and preferring his God to ours because he taught them by his owne so appearing to weare their Deuill-lock at the left eare hee acquainted mee with the manner of that his appearance and beleeued that this Okee or Deuil had taught them their husbandry c. Powhatan was at this time of their comming gone Southwards for feare as some thought least Opachancanough his brother should ioyne with the English against him His age was not so great as some haue reported they reckoning euery Spring and Autumne for distinct yeeres Tomocomo was as wise in computation of his sailing reckoning each night when hee expected they should haue anchored by the shoare as another day Hee is said also to haue set vp with notches on a stick the numbers of men being sent to see and signifie the truth of the multitudes reported to his Master But his arithmetike soone failed and wonder did no lesse amaze him at the sight of so much Corne and Trees in his comming from Plimmouth to London the Uirginians imagining that defect thereof here had brought vs thither But let vs returne to Captaine Smiths Relations The new Gouernour applied himselfe to the readiest way of gaine in planting Tobacco and though Sir Tho. Dale had caused much Corne to be planted yet the new supplies easing them of that superfluitie hee sent to the Chickahaminies for the tribute Corne which Sir Thomas Dale and Captaine Argall had conditioned with them but receiued a bad answere Whereupon hee gathered a hundred men and twelue of them were slaine twelue others captiued and returned to Iames Towne with three Boats laden with corne of which one hasting to bring the newes was ouerset and eleuen men together with the goods drowned Captaine Spelman by his language did them good seruice This together with the league which they had with Opachankanough enemy to the former put them so in feare that ours followed their labours quietly and other Nations also brought them prouisions and would hunt for them Captaine Yeardly is taxed for suffering two of his Sauages to vse the Peece in their game and therein to grow expert a thing reported to haue beene practised by some others Yet whiles hee staied in the gouernment they liued quietly with the Sauages but grudges grew amongst themselues A. 1617. Captaine Yeardly returned for England after the arriuall of Captaine Argall sent thither to be deputie Gouernour Captaine Argall was sent in the George and with Capt. Hamor his Vice-Admirall in May 1617. arriued at Iames Towne where hee found things in much disorder which hee sought to redresse Their cattell were now well encreased and both of their owne growing and from the Sauages they had store of Corne A. 1618. happened a great drought and such a cruell storme of haile that it did much hurt to their Corne and Tobacco The Magazine that came in the George being fiue moneths in her passage proued badly conditioned To supply them the Company furnished and set forth in Aprill a Ship of two hundred and fiftie tunnes with two hundred people The Lord De-la-war went therein and at the Iland of Saint Michael was honourably feasted Departing from thence they were long troubled with contrary windes in which time many fell sicke thirtie died one of which was that honourable Lord of noble memory The rest refreshed themselues on that Coast of New England with Fish Fowle Wood and Water and after sixteene weekes spent at Sea arriued in Virginia The Ship called the Treasurer not long after came thither with fortie Passengers before the other Ship was gone They now had vsed the Plow and reaped good Corne and they writ for more Plow-haruesse to be sent them Richard Killingbeck with foure others going to trade secretly with the people of Chickahaminias either for reuenge of some before slaine in Captaine Yerdlyes expedition or for couetousnesse of their goods were assaulted by the Sauages one of which had a Peece furnished and therewith shot Killingbeck dead the rest also were all slaine stripped and spoyled Other murthers also were done by other Sauages which Opachankanough excused by ignorance and for the former hee sent a basket of earth in token of the gift and possession of that Towne where they dwelt to Captaine Argal desiring him not to reuenge the fault of a few which for feare of reuenge were fled to the Woods on their innocent neighbours Sam. Arg. Io. Rolfe Master Rolfe writ Iune 15. 1618. that Powhatan died in Aprill before Itopatan his second brother succeeded who with Opachanckanough had confirmed the league with the Colony May 11. happened at Iames Towne in the night a terrible storme which lasted about halfe an houre and poured downe hailestones eight or nine inches about A. 1619. Sir Edwin Sands being chosen Treasurer Captaine Yerdley was knighted and sent Gouernour into Virginia A little Pinnace had arriued some twelue dayes before him in which Captaine Argall returned leauing in his place Captaine Nathaniel Powel As for their digusts giuen the Company in their apprehension by Captaine Argall I am not fully informed or lust to bee the Informer Sir George Yerdly arriuing Aprill 18. filled the Colony with ioyfull hopes of better successe at his arriuall and I freely acknowledge the Treasurers great study and care was worthy had God so pleased of better enents then by vnexpected accidents haue since happened Captaine West Captaine Powel Master Pory Master Rolfe Master Wickam Master Macock were added to the Councell A Pinnace of Captaine Bargraue another of Captaine Lawnes and a third of Master Euans and the Marget of Bristol arriued Some scandalous Letters which laid a false imputation on the Countrey caused enquiry to bee made where by men of best experience was found that an industrious man not otherwise imployed may well husband foure Acres of Corne and one thousand Plants of Tobacco of which many to haue much neglect the goodnesse in suffering too many leaues to grow on one stalhe and many Tobaccomongers in England are said to sell the best of it in other names calling all their trash Virginian and so at once rob both England and Virginia Iune 25. the Triall came in with Corne and Cattell The Gouernour and Counsell caused Burgesses to be chosen in all places
and a generall assembly was held for consultation about the Colonies good The ancient Planters being set free chose places to their content and sweetnesse of proprietie made them emulous to exceed each other in building and planting Many good instructions were sent from the Company to amend the Virginian abuses and competeâ—cis of prouision was appointed for Officers But leaue we awhile our Captaines Notes and let vs listen to that which the Company published A. 1620. CHAP. XIII The estate of the Colony A. 1620. and Master Dermers Letter to mee from Virginia touching his Voyage for the South Sea NOw touching the present estate of our Colony in that Countrey We haue thought it not vnfit thus much briefly to declare There haue beene sent thither this last yeere and are now presently in going twelue hundred persons and vpward as particularly appeareth in the note aboue specified and there are neere one thousand more remaining of those that were gone before The men lately sent haue beene most of them choice men borne and bred vp to labour and industry Out of Deuonshire about an hundred men brought vp to Husbandry Out of Warwickshire and Staffordshire about one hundred and ten and out of Sussex about fortie all framed to Iron-workes the rest dispersedly out of diuers Shires of the Realme There haue beene also sundry persons of good qualitie much commended for sufficiency industry and honestie prouided and sent to take charge and gouernment of those people The care likewise that hath beene taken by directions instructions Charters and Commissions to reduce the people and affaires in Virginia into a regular course hath been such and so great that the Colony beginneth now to haue the face and fashion of an orderly State and such as is likely to grow and prosper The people are all diuided into seuerall Burroughes each man hauing the shares of Land due to him set out to hold and enioy to him and his Heires The publike Lands for the Company here for the Gouernour there for the Colledge and for each particular Burrough for the Ministers also and for diuers other necessary Officers are likewise laid out by order and bounded The particular Plantations for diuers priuate Societies are setled in their Seates being allotted to their content and each in conuenient distance The rigour of Martiall Law wherewith before they were gouerned is reduced within the limits prescribed by his Maiesty and the landable forme of Iustice and gouernment vsed in this Realme established and followed as neere as may be The Gouernour is so restrained to a Counsell ioyned with him that he can doe wrong to no man who may not haue speedy remedy Each Burrough and each particular Plantation partly hath partly is bound to haue in short time a sufficient Minister for whom maintenance is ordained to each of two hundred pounds a yeere value Which orderly proceeding there by direction from hence hath caused the Colony now at length to settle themselues in a firme resolution to perpetuate the Plantation They fall to building of Houses each for his owne priuate and the Generality to the rearing of publike Guest-houses for entertaining of new men vpon their first arriuall They fall to set vp their Ploughes to the planting of Vineyards to the pursuing of the Staple Commodities furnished and commended from hence In summe they are now so full of alacrity and cheerefulnesse that in a late generall Assembly they haue in the name of the Colony presented their greatest possible thankes to the Company for the care that hath beene taken for the setling of the Plantation Neither is it to be omitted the care which hath beene had here lately at home for the reducing of all the proceedings and affaires of the Company to an orderly course of good gouernment and Iustice. Wherein to begin with the Fountaine thereof his Maiesties authoritie and pleasure there hath beene a collection made of all the branches of the same dispersed in his Letters Patents now three times renewed as also out of other instructions proceeding from his Maiestie Out of both which together with such other Orders as authorized by his Maiestie the Companie themselues haue thought necessary to make hath beene compiled a booke of standing Orders and Constitutions approued by the generall consent of all the Companie whereby both the Company here and the Colony in Virginia haue their businesse carried regularly industriously and iustly euery man knowing both his right and dutie to their generall great content and the great aduancement of the Action And whereas the Colony likewise haue been often Sutors in effect to reduce into a compendious and orderly forme of writing the Lawes of England proper for the vse of that Plantation with addition of such other as the nature of the place the nouelty of the Colony and other important circumstances should necssarily require A course is likewise taken for the effecting of this worke yet so as to submit it first to his Maiesties view and approbation it being not fit that his Maiesties Subiects should bee gouerned by any other Lawes then such as receiue the influence of their life from him And now to come to that which concerneth the Aduenturors in particular by whose charges care and labour next vnto his Maiesties especiall grace this famous Plantation hath not onely beene vndertaken but through so many difficulties vpheld and continued wee should bee very greatly iniurious to them if we should not acquaint them with this seasonable time for the reaping of that benefit and reward which is due vnto them Wee therefore let them know that in this last yeere now ended there haue beene granted by the Company vnder their legall Seale eleuen seuerall Patents for particular Plantations and more are in hand to bee passed this next Quarter-Court It is not vnprobable that vpon each of these Patents diuers hundreds of persons will soone Plant in Virginia there haue beene already transported vpon the first aboue three hundred men These and other like Planters hauing priority of time will haue priority also in choice of the Seat of their Plantations Seeing therefore the onely matter of retribution to the Aduenturors is by a faire proportion of Land to them and their heires namely of one hundred Acres for euery share of twelue pounds and ten shillings vpon a first diuision and as much more vpon a second the first being peopled with fiftie Acres for euery person to bee doubled in like manner which at their own charges they shall transport to inhabite in Uirginia before the foure and twentieth of Iune 1625. if hee continue there three yeeres either at one or seuerall times or die after he is shipped for that voyage It standeth them vpon who are not willing to be the least in the benefit to be partaked not to be the last in setting forth to the choice and peopling of their Land Wherein what fauour or assistance may by vs bee giuen them they shall bee well assured of it