Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	abandon_v	king_n	unite_a	15	3	9.9430	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54621	Political arithmetick, or, A discourse concerning the extent and value of lands, people, buildings ... as the same relates to every country in general, but more particularly to the territories of His Majesty of Great Britain, and his neighbours of Holland, Zealand, and France / by Sir William Petty ...	Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687.	1690 (1690)	Wing P1932; ESTC R17628	42,032	122

Seamen are such as have another Trade besides wherewith to maintain themselves when they are not employed at Sea and the charge of maintaining them though 72000 l. per annum I take to be little or nothing for the reasons above-mentioned and consequently an easie Tax to the people because Leavyed by and paid to themselves As we propounded that Ireland should be Taxed with Flax and England by Linnen and other Manufacture of the same I conceive that Scotland also might be Taxed as much to be paid in Herrings as Ireland in Flax Now the three Taxes viz. of Flax Linnen and Herrings and the maintainance of the triple Militia and of the Auxilliary Seamen above-mentioned do all five of them together amount to one Million of mony the raising whereof is not a Million spent but gain unto the Common-Wealth unless it can be made appear that by reason of all or any of them the Exportation of Woollen Manufactures Lead and Tin are lessened or of such Commodities as our own East and West India Trade do produce forasmuch as I conceive that the Exportation of these last mentioned Commodities is the Touch-stone whereby the Wealth of England is tryed and the Pulse wherby the Health of the Kingdom may be discerned CHAP. III. That France cannot by reason of natural and perpetual Impediments be more powerful at Sea than the English or Hollanders now are or may be POwer at Sea consists chiefly of Men able to fight at Sea and that in such Shipping as is most proper for the Seas wherein they serve and those are in these Northern Seas Ships from between three hundred to one thousand three hundred Tuns and of those such as draw much Water and have a deep Latch in the Sea in order to keep a good Wind and not to fall to Leeward a matter of vast advantage in Sea Service Wherefore it is to be examined 1. Whether the King of France hath Ports in the Northern Seas where he hath most occasion for his Fleets of War in any contests with England able to receive the Vessels above-mentioned in all Weathers both in Winter and Summer Season For if the King of France would bring to Sea an equal number of fighting Men with the English and Hollanders in small floaty Leeward Vessels he would certainly be of the weaker side For a Vessel of one thousand Tuns manned with five hundred Men fighting with five Vessels of two hundred Tuns each manned with one hundred Men apiece shall in common reason have the better offensively and defensively forasmuch as the great Ship can carry such Ordnance as can reach the small ones at a far greater distance than those can reach or at least hurt the other and can batter and sink at a distance when small ones can scarce peirce Moreover it is more difficult for Men out of a small Vessel to enter a tall Ship then for Men from a higher place to leap down into a lower nor is small shot so effectual upon a tall Ship as vice versa And as for Vessels drawing much water and consequently keeping a good Wind they can take or leave Leeward Vessels at pleasure and secure themselves from being boarded by them Moreover the windward Ship has a fairer mark at a Leeward Ship than vice versa and can place her shot upon such parts of the Leeward Vessel as upon the next Tack will be under water Now then the King of France having no Ports able to receive large windward Vessels between Dunkirk and Ushant what other Ships he can bring into those Seas will not be considerable As for the wide Ocean which his Harbours of Brest and Charente do look into it affordeth him no advantage upon an Enemy there being so great a Latitude of engaging or not even when the Parties are in sight of each other Wherefore although the King of France were immensely rich and could build what Ships he pleased both for number and quality yet if he have not Ports to receive and shelter that sort and size of Shipping which is fit for his purpose the said Riches will in this case be fruitless and a mere expence without any return or profit Some will say that other Nations cannot build so good Ships as the English I do indeed hope they cannot but because it seems too possible that they may sooner or later by Practice and Experience I shall not make use of that Argument having bound my self to shew that the impediments of France as to this purpose are natural and perpetual Ships and Guns do not fight of themselves but Men who act and manage them wherefore it is more material to shew That the King of France neither hath nor can have Men sufficient to Man a Fleet of equal strength to that of the King of England viz. The King of Englands Navy consists of about seventy thousand Tuns of Shipping which requires thirty six thousand Men to Man it these Men being supposed to be divided into eight parts I conceive that one eighth part must be persons of great Experience and Reputation in Sea Service another eighth part must be such as have used the Sea seven years and upwards half of them or 4 8 parts more must be such as have used the Sea above a twelve-month viz. two three four five or six years allowing but one quarter of the whole Complements to be such as never were at Sea at all or at most but one Voyage or upon one Expedition so that at a medium I reckon that the whole Fleet must be Men of three or four years growth one with another Fournier a late judicious Writer makeing it his business to persuade the World how considerable the King of France was or might be at Sea in the ninety second and ninety third pages of his Hydrography saith That there was one place in Britany which had furnished the King with one thousand four hundred Seamen and that perhaps the whole Sea-Coast of France might have furnished him with fifteen times as many Now supposing his whole Allegation were true yet the said number amounts but to twenty one thousand all which if the whole Trade of Shipping in France were quite and clean abandoned would not by above a third Man out a Fleet equivalent to that of the King of England And if the Trade were but barely kept alive there would not be one third par● Men enough to Man the said Fleet. But if the Shipping Trade of France be not above a quarter as great as that of England and that one third part of the same namely the Fishing Trade to the Banks of Newfoundland is not peculiar nor fixt to the French then I say that if the King of England having power to Press Men cannot under two or three months time Man his Fleet then the King of France with less than a quarter of the same help can never do it at all for in France as shall elsewhere be shewn there are not above

4. They cannot but know That no Man can believe what himself pleases and to force Men to say they believe what they do not is vain absurd and without Honor to God 5. The Hollanders knowing themselves not to be an Infallible Church and that others had the same Scripture for Guides as themselves and withal the same Interest to save their Souls did not think sit to make this matter their business not more than to take Bonds of the Seamen they employ not to cast away their own Ships and Lives 6. The Hollanders observe that in France and Spain especially the latter the Churchmen are about one hundred for one to what they use or need the principal care of whom is to preserve Uniformity and this they take to be a superfluous charge 7. They observe where most indeavours have been used to keep Uniformity there Heterodoxy hath most abounded 8. They believe that if ¼ of the People were Heterodox and that if that whole quarter should by Miracle be removed that within a small time ¼ of the People were Heterodox and that if of the remainder would again become Heterodox some way or other it being natural for Men to differ in Opinion in matters above Sense and Reason and for those who have less Wealth to think they have the more Wit and Understanding especially of the things of God which they think chiefly belong to the Poor 9. They think the case of the Primitive Christians as it is represented in the Acts of the Apostles looks like that of the present Dissenters I mean externally Moreover it is to be observed that Trade doth not as some think best flourish under Popular Governments but rather that Trade is most vigorously carried on in every State and Government by the Heterodox part of the same and such as profess Opinions different from what are publickly established that is to say in India where the Mahometan Religion is Authorized there the Banians are the most considerable Merchants In the Turkish Empire the Iews and Christians At Venice Naples Legorn Genoua and Lisbone Iews and Non-Papist Merchant-Strangers but to be short in that part of Europe where the Roman Catholick Religion now hath or lately hath had Establishment there three quarters of the whole Trade is in the hands of such as have separated from the Church that is to say the Inhabitants of England Scotland and Ireland as also those of the United Provinces with Denmark Sueden and Norway together with the Subjects of the German Protestant Princes and the Hans Towns do at this day possess three quarters of the Trade of the World and even in France it self the Hugonots are proportionably far the greatest Traders Nor is it to be denied but that in Ireland where the said Roman Religion is not Authorized there the Professors thereof have a great part of the Trade From whence it follows that Trade is not fixt to any Species of Religion as such but rather as before hath been said to the Hetrodox part of the whole the truth whereof appears also in all the particular Towns of greatest Trade in England nor do I find reason to believe that the Roman Catholick Seamen in the whole World are sufficient to Man effectually a Fleet equal to what the King of England how hath but the Non-papist Seamen can do above thrice as much Wherefore he whom this latter Party doth affectionately own to be their Head cannot probably be wronged in his Sea-concernments by the other from whence itt follows that for the advancement of Trade if that be a sufficient reason Indulgence must be granted in matters of Opinion though licentious actings as even in Holland be restrained by force The second Policy or help to Trade used by the Hollanders is securing the Titles to Lands and Houses for although Lands and Houses may be called Terra Firma res immobilis yet the Title unto them is no more certain than it pleases the Lawyers and Authority to make them wherefore the Hollanders do by Registries and other ways of Assurance make the Title as immovable as the Lands for there can be no incouragement to Industry where there is no assurance of what shall be gotten by it and where by fraud and corruption one Man may take away with ease and by a trick and in a moment what another has gotten by many Years extreme labour and pains There hath been much discourse about introducing of Registries into England the Lawyers for the most part object against it alledging that Titles of Land in England are sufficiently secure already wherefore omitting the considerations of small and oblique reasons pro contra it were good that enquiry were made from the Officers of several Courts to what summ or value Purchasers have been damnified for this last ten Years by such fraudulent conveyances as Registries would have prevented the tenth part whereof at a Medium is the annual loss which the People sustain for want of them and then computation is to be made of the annual charge of Registring such extraordinary Conveyances as would secure the Title of Lands now by comparing these two summs the Question so much agitated may be determined though some think that though few are actually damnified yet that all are hindered by fear and deterred from Dealing Their third Policy is their Bank the use whereof is to encrease Mony or rather to make a small summ equivalent in Trade to a greater for the effecting whereof these things are to be considered 1. How much Money will drive the Trade of the Nation 2. How much current Money there is actually in the Nation 3. How much Money will serve to make all payments of under 50 l. or any other more convenient summ throughout the Year 4. For what summ the keepers of the Bank are unquestionable Security If all these four particulars be well known then it may also be known how much of the ready Money above mentioned may safely and profitably be lodged in the Bank and to how much ready current Money the said deposited Money is equivalent As for example suppose a Hund. thous Pounds will drive the Trade of the Nation suppose there be but Sixty thousand Pounds of ready Money in the same suppose also that Twenty thous Pounds will drive on and answer all Payments made of under 50 l. In this case Forty of the Sixty being put into the Bank will be equivalent to Eighty which eighty and twenty kept out of the Bank do make up an Hundred that is to say enough to drive the Trade as was proposed where note that the Bank keepers must be responsible for double the summ intrusted with them and must have power to levy upon the general what they happen to loose unto particular Men. Upon which grounds the Bank may freely make use of the received Forty thousand Pounds whereby the said summ with the like summ in Credit makes Eighty thousand Pounds and with

IV. That the People and Territories of the King of England are naturally near as considerable for Wealth and Strength as those of France THE Author of the State of England among the many useful truths and observations he hath set down delivers the Proportion between the Territories of England and France to be as Thirty to Eighty two the which if it be true then England Scotland and Ireland with the Islands unto them belonging will taken alltogether be near as big as France Tho I ought to take all advantages for proving the Paradox in hand yet I had rather grant that England Scotland and Ireland with the Islands before mentioned together with the Planted parts of Newfoundland New-England New-Netherland Virginia Mary-Land Carolina Iamaica Burmoudas Barbadoes and all the rest of the Carribby Islands with what the King hath in Asia and Africa do not contain so much Territory as France and what planted Land the King of France hath also in America And if any Man will be Heterodox in behalf of the French Interest I would be contented against my knowledge and judgment to allow the King of France's Territories to be a seventh sixth or even a fifth greater than those of the King of England believing that both Princes have more Land than they do employ to its utmost use And here I beg leave among the several matters which I intend for serious to interpose a jocular and perhaps ridiculous digression and which I indeed desire Men to look upon rather as a Dream or Resvery than a rational Proposition the which is that if all the moveables and People of Ireland and of the Highlands of Scotland were transported into the rest of Great Brittain that then the King and his Subjects would thereby become more Rich and Strong both offensively and defensively than now they are 'T is true I have heard many Wise Men say when they were bewailing the vast losses of the English in preventing and suppressing Rebellions in Ireland and considering how little profit hath returned either to the King or Subjects of England for their Five Hundred Years doing and suffering in that Country I say I have heard Wise Men in such their Melancholies wish that the People of Ireland being saved Island were sunk under Water Now it troubles me that the Distemper of my own mind in this point carries me to dream that the benefit of those wishes may practically be obtained without sinking that vast Mountainous Island under Water which I take to be somewhat difficult For although Dutch Engineers may drain its Bogs yet I know no Artists that could sink its Mountains If Ingenious and Learned Men among whom I reckon Sir Tho. More and Des Cartes have disputed That we who think our selves awake are or may be really in a Dream and since the greatest absurdities of Dreams are but a Preposterous and Tumultuary contexture of realities I will crave the umbrage of these great Men last named to say something for this wild conception with submission to the better judgment of all those that can prove themselves awake If there were but one Man living in England then the benefit of the whole Territory could be but the livelyhood of that one Man But if another Man were added the rent or benefit of the same would be double if two triple and so forward until so many Men were Planted in it as the whole Territory could afford Food unto For if a Man would know what any Land is worth the true and natural Question must be How many Men will it feed How many Men are there to be fed But to speak more practically Land of the same quantity and quality in England is generally worth four or five times as much as in Ireland and but one quarter or third of what it is worth in Holland because England is four or five times better Peopled than Ireland and but a quarter so well as Holland And moreover where the Rent of Land is advanced by reason of Multitude of People there the number of Years purchase for which the Inheritance may be sold is also advanced though perhaps not in the very same Proportion for 20 s. per annum in Ireland may be worth but 8 l. and in England where Titles are very sure above 20 l. in Holland above 30 l. I suppose that in Ireland and the High-Lands in Scotland there may be about one Million and Eight hundred thousand People or about a fifth part of what is in all the three Kingdoms Wherefore the first Question will be whether England Wales and the Low-Lands of Scotland cannot afford Food that is to say Corn Fish Flesh and Fowl to a fifth part more People than are at the present planted upon it with the same Labour that the said fifth part do now take where they are For if so then what is propounded is naturally possible 2. It is to be enquired What the value of the immovables which upon such removal must be left behind are worth For if they be worth less than the advancement of the price of Land in England will amount unto then the Proposal is to be considered 3. If the Relict Lands and the immovables left behind upon them may be sold for Money or if no other Nation shall dare meddle with them without paying well for them and if the Nation who shall be admitted shall be less able to prejudice and annoy the Transplantees into England then before then I conceive that the whole proposal will be a pleasant and a profitable Dream indeed As to the first point whether England and the Low-Lands of Scotland can maintain a fifth part more People than they now do that is to say Nine Millions of Souls in all For answer thereunto I first say that the said Territories of England and the Low-Land of Scotland contain about Thirty Six Millions of Acres that is four Acres for every Head Man Woman and Child but the United Provinces do not allow above one Acre and ½ and England it self rescinding Wales hath but three Acres to every Head according to the present State of Tillage and Husbandry Now if we consider that England having but three Acres to a Head as aforesaid doth so abound in Victuals as that it maketh Laws against the Importation of Cattle Flesh and Fish from abroad and that the draining of Fens improving of Forrests inclosing of Commons Sowing of St. Foyne and Clovergrass be grumbled against by Landlords as the way to depress the price of Victuals then it plainly follows that less than three Acres improved as it may be will serve the turn and consequently that four will suffice abundantly I could here set down the very number of Acres that would bear Bread and Drink Corn together with Flesh Butter and Cheese sufficient to victual Nine Millions of Persons as they are Victualled in Ships and regular Families but shall only say in general that Twelve Millions of Acres viz. ⅓ of 36

Millions will do it supposing that Roots Fruits Fowl and Fish and the ordinary profit of Lead Tin Iron-Mines and Woods would piece up any defect that may be feared As to the second I say that the Land and Housing in Ireland and the High-Lands of Scotland at the present Market rates are not worth Thirteen Millions of Money nor would the actual charge of making the Transplantation proposed amount to four Millions more So then the Question will be whether the benefit expected from this transplantation will exceed Seventeen Millions To which I say that the advantage will probably be near four times the last mentioned summ or about Sixty nine Millions Three Hundred thousand Pounds For if the Rent of all England and Wales and the Low-Lands of Scotland be about Nine Millions per annum and if the fifth part of the People be superadded unto the present Inhabitants of those Countries then the Rent will amount unto Ten Millions 8000 l. and the number of Years purchase will rise from seventeen and ½ to a Fifth part more which is twenty one So as the Land which is now worth but Nine Millions per annum at seventeen ½ Years purchase making 157 Millions and ½ will then be worth Ten Millions Eight Hundred thousand Pounds at Twenty one Years purchase viz. Two Hundred Twenty Six Millions and Eight Hundred thousand Pounds that is Sixty nine Millions and Three Hundred thousand Pounds more than it was before And if any Prince willing to inlarge his Territories will give any thing more than Six ½ Millions or half the present value for the said relinquished Land which are estimated to be worth Thirteen Millions then the whole profit will be above Seventy Five Millions and Eight Hundred 600 l. Above four times the loss as the same was above computed But if any Man shall object that it will be dangerous unto England that Ireland should be in the Hands of any other Nation I answer in short that that Nation whoever shall purchase it being divided by means of the said purchase shall not be more able to annoy England than now in its united condition Nor is Ireland nearer England than France and Flanders Now if any Man shall desire a more clear explanation how and by what means the Rents of Lands shall rise by this closer cohabitation of People above described I answer that the advantage will arise in transplanting about Eighteen Hundred thousand People from the poor and miserable Trade of Husbandry to more beneficial Handicrafts For when the superaddition is made a very little addition of Husbandry to the same Lands will produce a fifth part more of Food and consequently the additional hands earning but 40 s. per annum as they may very well do nay to 8 l. per annum at some other Trade the Superlucration will be above Three Millions and Six Hundred thousand Pounds per annum which at Twenty Years purchase is Seventy Millions Moreover as the Inhabitants of Cities and Towns spend more Commodities and make greater consumptions than those who live in wild thin peopled Countries So when England shall be thicker peopled in the manner before described the very same People shall then spend more than when they lived more sordidly and inurbanely and further asunder and more out of the sight observation and emulation of each other every Man desiring to put on better Apparel when he appears in Company than when he has no occasion to be seen I further add that the charge of the Government Civil Military and Ecclesiastical would be more cheap safe and effectual in this condition of closer co-habitation than otherwise as not only reason but the example of the United Provinces doth demonstrate But to let this whole digression pass for a mere Dream I suppose 't will serve to prove that in case the King of Englands Territories should be a little less than those of the King of France that forasmuch as neither of them are over-peopled that the difference is not material to the Question in hand wherefore supposing the King of France's advantages to be little or nothing in this point of Territory we come next to examine and compare the number of Subjects which each of these Monarchs doth govern The Book called the State of France maketh that Kingdom to consist of Twenty Seven thousand Parishes and another Book written by a substantial Author who professedly inquires into the State of the Church and Church-men of France sets it down as an extraordinary case that a Parish in France should have Six Hundred Souls wherefore I suppose that the said Author who hath so well examined the matter is not of opinion that every Parish one with another hath above Five Hundred by which reckoning the whole People of France are about Thirteen Millions and a half Now the People of England Scotland and Ireland with the Islands adjoyning by computation from the numbers of Parishes which commonly have more People in Protestant Churches than in Popish Countries as also from the Hearth-money Pole-money and Excise do amount to about Nine Millions and ½ There are in New England about 16000 Men mustered in Arms about 24000 able to bear Arms and consequently about 150000 in all And I see no reason why in all this and the other Plantations of Asia Africa and America there should not be half a Million in all But this last I leave to every Mans conjecture and conse quently I suppose that the King of England hath about Ten Millions of Subjects ubivis Terrarum Orbis and the King of France about Thirteen and a ½ as aforesaid Although it be very material to know the number of Subjects belonging to each Prince yet when the Question is concerning their Wealth and Strength It is also material to examin how many of them do get more than they spend and how many less In order whereunto it is to be considered that in the King of Englands Dominions there are not Twenty thousand Church-men But in France as the aforementioned Author of theirs doth aver who sets down the particular number of each Religious Order there are about Two Hundred and Seventy thousand viz. Two Hundred and Fifty thousand more than we thinkare necessary that is to say Two Hundred and Fifty Thousand withdrawn out of the World Now the said number of adult and able bodied Persons are equivalent to about double the same number of the promiscuous Mass of Mankind And the same Author says that the same Religious Persons do spend one with another about 18 d. per diem which is triple even to what a labouring Man requires Wherefore the said Two Hundred and Fifty thousand Church-men living as they do makes the King of France's Thirteen Millions and a half to be less than Thirteen Now if Ten Men can defend themselves as well in Islands as Thirteen can upon the Continent then the said Ten being not concerned to increase their Territory by the Invasion of