was created Earl of Bath in the 19th of Charles I. Aug. 13. 1643. His Father Sir Bevil Greenvil having been slain at Landsdown near this City by the Rebels It stands 15 Miles East of Bristol Long. 20. 16. Lat. 51. d. 21. m. Bathon a Valley in Macedonia where the Antients believed the Gyants Combated with the Gods Pausanias says they used to represent the manner of this Fight in some Sacrifices Baticala a small City of the East-Indies the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name the Prince whereof is a Tributary to the King of Bisnagar tho it is very small yet it has a capacious Haven § There is another of the same Name in the Island Ceylan which is the Capital of a Kingdom there and lately fallen into the Hands of the Hollanders Baticano a Promontory in Calabria in the Maps sometimes call'd Vaticano Battel a Town in Sussex Remarkable in the English History for the Victory of William the Conquerour here obtain'd over King Harold Octob. 14. 1066. In memory whereof he built an Abbey of the Name call'd Battel-Abbey It is a Market-Town in Hastings Rape Batter a large Province in Asia heretofore call'd Bactriana which see Batta a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa Batten or Button an Island in the Indian Ocean to the West of the Island of Macassar Los Batuecos a People in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain inhabiting the Mountains betwixt Salamanca and Corica They are believed to descend from the Goths Bavais Bagacum Bagacum Nerviorum a very antient Town in Hainault in Flanders about 4 Leagues from Valenciennes and 6 from Mons. It was twice burnt in the last Age and repair'd again The Cerque Aqueduct and Inscriptions here are sufficient marks of its Antiquity It stands upon the little River Osneau Bavari Boij Bojares the first of the antient Germans that passed the Alps and fixed their Standards upon the Banks of Tiber. They carried their victorious Arms even into Greece beyond the Hellespont These were the antient Inhabitants of Bavaria See Bavaria Baudisten a Town in Lusatia a Territory belonging to the Elector of Saxony between Misnia and Bohemia where the Governour resides Bauge a small Town in Anjou in France where Charles VIII then Dolphin obtain'd a signal Victory against the English commanded by the Duke of Clarence who was there slain in 1420. It stands 3 Leagues from La Fleche upon the River Covesnon Built by the old Earls of Anjou § Another in the Province of Bresse in the same Kingdom giving the Title of a Marquess besides its Name to a Family who have been the Sovereigns of Bresse above 400 years In Latin Balgiacum the other Balgium Baugenci Balgentiacum a Town upon the Loyre In the Province of Orleans betwixt Blois and Orleans In 1152. a Council here Assembled to take Cognisance of the degree of Parentage betwixt Lewis VII King of France and Eleanor his Wife Dutchess of Guienne Daughter to William X. the last Duke of Aquitain which said Degree of Parentage rendred their Marriage nulland void from the beginning pronounced sentence of Divorce betwixt them whereupon the said Princess remarried to Henry Duke of Normandy afterwards Henry II. King of England and in her Right Aquitane fell to the Crown of England In 1428. the English took Baugenci under the Command of the Earl of Salisbury but abandoned it to the French the the Year after For some time it continued under particular Sovereigns who bought and sold it till the Year 1543. by arrest of Parliament it was united to the Demains of the Crown of France Baulme a Town in the higher Burgundy or Franche Comte 2 small Leagues from hence you see a natural deep and spacious Cave in the Earth which furnishes the Country with continual Ice in the Summer and in the Winter flows with Water Bauman a vast Cave in the County of Regenstein in the lower Saxony where they find numbers of Bones of divers Animals and sometimes of Men as big as Gyants Bautrey a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Strafford Bautzen Budisinum the principal Town of Lusatia in Germany seated upon the River Sprew 7 Leagues from Dresden East This place being attacked by the Duke of Saxony in the Year 1634 Goltz the Governor for the Emperor firing the Suburbs to give the Enemy a stop the fire in the confusion seized the Town and burnt it all down many Persons perishing in the Flames This place was thereupon left to the Elector of Saxony who is still possessed of it but before it was a Free and Imperial City Bayonue Baiona Boiatum a very large rich strong City seated upon the River Adour about 2 Leagues from the Sea in the Confines of the Kingdoms of France and Spain honored with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ausch and has a large Haven on the Brittish Sea It stands 6 Leagues from the Confines of Spain 7 from Dax to the West and 30 from Bourdeaux to the South There was a famous Congress in this City between Charles IX with Catharine de Medices his Mother and Elisabeth Sister of Charles Wife to Philip II. King of Spain in which an Agreement was closely made between the two Crowns to ruin the Protestant Religion both in France and the Low Countries which was followed by Rivers of Human Blood shed on that account this was in the Year 1566 and mentioned by Thuanus and Grotius § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Galicia in Spain near the mouth of the River Minho which falls into the Atlantick Ocean betwixt it and Lima. Baux a Town in Provence in France giving the Title of a Marquiss it is situated upon a Rock with a good Castle thereto near Arles There is an illustrious House of this Name in Provence and it is uncertain whether that has denominated the Castle of Baux or the Castle it Babaria called by the Germans Beyeren a Dukedom in Germany the second Circle in the Empire having its name from the Avares a People of the Huns who possessed this Country It is also call'd Bojaria from the Boii of France who once dwelt here And in the times of the Roman Empire Noricum Bounded on the North by Franconia on the West by Schwaben on the South by the Italian Alpes and on the the East by Austria and Bohemia Before the Treaty and Peace of Westphalia it had lesser Bounds but then it was not only raised in Honor the Duke of Bavaria being made the VIII Elector but enlarged as to its Extent This Country had Kings after it was Conquered from the Romans to the times of Arnolphus the Emperour and S. Lewis is said to have declared his Son Lewis King of Bavaria in the Year 817. From those times to ours they have had Dukes the first was Arnolphus slain by the Normans about the Year 891. The greatest part of this Country is Fruitful and well cultivated and has many noble and stately Cities the principal of
from Paris to the South near the River Allier This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength § The Island of Bourbon otherwise call'd Mascarenhi is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth They say there is a Volcano in some part of it the rest is very fruitful Bourbon l' Ancy a Town and Castle in the Province of Burgogne in France 7 Leagues from Moulins and one quarter of a League from the Loyre It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre Boyne Bouinda a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland which runs hard by Drogheda where K. James II. and his Army being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River received the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action Burbourg Burburgus a Town in the East of Flanders not above one Mile from Graveling which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands Bourdeaux Burdegala the Capital of the Province of Guienne and an Archbishops See the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France rich well built and populous It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne much frequented by the Dutch and English and all other Northern Nations for Wine Salt c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France It is also built in a very fruitful Soil and rarely improved by Art and Industry It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet and to Richard II. King of England It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette And was an University in the times of the Romans which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI since which times it has produced many very learned Men First built by the Galls improved by the Romans made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths It fell into the hands of lesser Lords with the Title of Counts or Earls after the times of Charles the Great United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII of that House being married first to the King of France and after to Henry I. of England this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII of France in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John but the English were not without hope of recovering it till this last mentioned time It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX and XIV but is now finally brought under having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms and a Siege There has been many National Councils held here and some Provincial Synods it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garonne in the most Southern Part of France in Long 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi Borganeuf a Town in the Province of la Marche in France upon the little River Taurion three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges Some are pleased to include it in Poictou Bourgen Bresse Forum Sebusianorum Tamnum Burgus a City in the County of Bresse in France upon the River Resousse 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East and 9 from Lyons to the North It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601 when this whole County which before pertained to the Dukedom of Snvoy was taken in It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569 which was demolished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes and called by some by mistake Tanus adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III. Bourg sur Mer a Town in Guienne built upon the mouth of the Dordogne Duranium where it unites with the Garone which heretofore was well fortified it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North. Le Bourg de Viviers or the Bourg de S. Andeol Burgus S. Andeoli is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne 25 Leagues lower than Lions antiently called de Gentibus Here S. Andeolus a Sub-deacon suffered Martyrdom under Severus the Emperor and from him the Town has its name as appears by the Registers of this Church Bourges Bituricae Biturix Biturgium Avaricum is a very great City and an Archbishops See the Head of the Dukedom of Berry seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure which falls into the Seine above Roan and naturally a strong Place It has a noble Cathedral and an University famous for the Canon and Civil Laws The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aquitain from the IX Century to the time of Pope Clement V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither Several Councils and Synods have been held here particularly in 1438. one under Charles VII recognized the famous Council of Basil and the Pragmatique Sanction which continued thence in force till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI King of France was born here Bourgogne or Burgundy Burgundia a very large Province in France divided into 2 parts the one of which is called the Dukedom and the other the County of Burgundy The Dukedom of Burgundy hath on the East the Franche County and Savoy on the West Bourbonnois on the North Champagne and on the South la Bresse Lionois and some part of Baujolois A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers This Dukedom was seized by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour which parts it from Switzerland on the West the Dutch of Burgundy from which it is divided by the Sâ—aâ—ne on the North and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge which divideth it from la Bresse it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length and about 60 in breadth for the most part Mountainous but fruitful of
from which it is parted by the River Leye the chiefest Town is L'isle Insula First united to France by Dagobert one of their Kings by whom about 621. it was granted to Liderick de Buque with the Title of Forester In 864. it was granted to Baldwin I. by the Title of Earl of Flanders the Sovereignty being reserved to France whose Homagers these Earls were This Earldom by the Marriage of Philip Duke of Burgundy with Margaret Daughter of Lewis de Malatin Earl of Flanders in 1369. came into the House of Burgundy and so to the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heir of Charles the Hardy to Maximilian Emperor of Germany in 1476. in which Family it still is This though the prime Earldom of all Europe yet was a Homager to the Crown of France till Charles V. having taken Francis I. his Prisoner in the Battel of Pavy in Italy by a Treaty at Madrid infranchised it from that Servitude Since the time of Philip II. it has been extreamly curtailed and harassed many of the Inhabitants flying then into England not only depopulated but impoverished it by carrying away its Trade And the Hollanders Revolting not only added to this Calamity by a War of forty years continuance but took from them several Towns in the Northern parts Of later times the French have made the same devastations on the Southern so that not above half Flanders is now left to the Spaniards and that in a weak and declining condition Flassans a small Village in Provence in the Diocese of Freâ—us remark'd for giving name to an eminent Poet of that Country in the thirteenth Century as likewise in the person of Sieur de Flassans sirnamed the Knight of the Faith for his zeal against the Huguenots of Provence in 1562. Flatholm an Island in the Severn over against Somersetshire Flavigni Flaviniacum a small Town in the Tract of Auxois in Burgundy betwixt Dijon and Samur upon a little River near the antient Alize There stands an Abbey of the Benedictines in it La Fleche a Town in the Province of Anjou in France upon the Loyre towards the Frontiers of Maine Henry le Grand founded a College of Jesuits there in 1603 whose heart is interred in the same Flensburg Flensburgum a City of the Kingdom of Denmark on the South of Jutland upon the Bay of Flens on the Baltick Sea in the Dukedom of Sleswick four German Miles West of the Isle of Alsen and 6 from Frederichstad to the North-East It is but small seated on high Hills with a large Haven and a strong Castle The City is under the King of Denmark but the Territory which belongs to it is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp Christian V. King of Denmark was born here in the year 1646. Flerus a Village in the County of Namur below Charleroy near the Sambre rendered remarkable by the Battel betwixt the French and Dutch Armies on July 1. 1690. fought upon the Plains thereof with the Victory to the French Fleury or S. Benoît sur Loyre Floriacum a small Town which has a noble and an ancient Monastery of the Order of S. Benedict whose Body lies interred therein seated upon the Loir nine Leagues from Orleans to the East It stands according to some in Le Gastinois to others in the Dukedom of Orleans and deserves to be remembred for the sake of Hugo Floriacensis a Learned Monk of this House who wrote a loyal and a christian Discourse concerning the Origine of Monarchy which he dedicated to Henry II. King of England Published by Baluzius in his fourth Tome of Miscellanies § There is another Fleury in the Dukedom of Burgundy upon the River Ousche three Leagues from Dijon to the West A third in Biere which has a Priory and a fourth in the Isle of France Fliez Phligadia a Mountain in Sclavonia Lazius placeth it in Liburnia upon the Adriatick Sea Flie Flevo an Island at the Mouth of the Rhine which has a fine Haven and a rich Town It stands at the entrance of the Zuidersee near the Texel The English Fleet under Sir Robert Holms entred this Port in 1666 burnt one hundred sixty five Sail of Ships and took and burnt the Town of Schelling which is the chief of that Island Flintshire one of the twelve Shires in Wales bounded on the North with an Arm of the Irish Sea which parts it from Cheshire on the East of it and on all the other Quarters by Denbighshire It is Hilly but not mountainous fruitful in Wheat and Barley but especially Rie upon the Northern Shoar stands Flint Castle which gives name to the whole Shire begun by Henry II. and finished by Edward I. wherein Richard II. renounced the Crown of England Whereupon Henry Duke of Lancaster claimed it and intailed a War on the English Nation that bid fair for its Ruine The Title of Earl of Flint belongs to the Prince of Wales Flix a strong Castle upon the River Ebro in Catalonia supposed to be the old Ibera S. Florentin a Town of France in Senois in Champagne Florence Florentia one of the principal Cities of Italy called by Pliny Fluentia by the Italians Fiorenza and proverbially epitheted La bella from its great beauty The Capital of the Province of Toscany and the Residence of the Great Duke It was built by Sylla's Soldiers in the Year of Rome 675 seventy six years before the Birth of our Saviour upon the River Arno which passeth through it and is covered by four stately Bridges within the Walls It is five or as others say seven Miles in compass paved with Stone adorned with large Streets and stately magnificent Buildings both publick and private to the Beauty of which the natural Ingenuity of the Citizens has contributed very much no place having afforded more excellent Architects Painters and Carvers than this as Schottus observes It is seated in a gentle and healthful Air upon a great and a navigable River surrounded with a delicate Plain pleasant Hills high Mountains and abounding in whatsoever is valuable or useful said to contain above seven hundred thousand Souls It may justly own Charles the Great for its Founder who in 902 enlarged and new Walled it adding one hundred and fifty Towers an hundred Cubits high from whenceforward it began to flourish though it suffered very much from the Factions of the Guelphs and Gibellins that is the Imperial and Papal Parties This City purchased its Liberty of Rodolphus the Emperor about 1285 after which they subjected many of their Neighbours but were never quiet from Foreign Wars or Intestine Divisions till they fell under a second Monarchic Government in the interim Pope Martin V. advanced the Bishop to an Archbishop in 1421. Nor is it less remarkable for a Council held here for uniting the Greek and Latin Churches which began in 1439 and ended in 1442. Nor is the Death of Jerome Savanarola to be forgotten who was burnt here in 1494 for reproving the Vices of
of Sevil Hispalis which were both re-conquered and added to Castile by Ferdinand II. in 1248. It is divided into two parts by the River Guadalquivir Betis and the chief City is Sevil. New Andalusia a Province of the Terra-firmâ— in America between Venezuela and Guiana The chief City of it is new Corduba They used to fish for Pearl upon those Coasts Anoanagar a City in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies almost ruin'd Andance Andancia a small Town in Vivarets in Languedoc in France where the River Dome falls into the Rhosne Andarge a River arising in the Valleys of Vnsâ—an in France which falls into the Arron near Verneuill Andaye a Town in France upon the frontiers of Spain two Leagues from S. Jean de Luz Andeli Andelium Andeliacum a Town in Normandy upon the Seine Anthony of Bourbon King of Navarre and Father to Henry IV. dyed here of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Rouen Anâ—eâ—â—e a River of France arising hard by la Ferte which falls into the Seine at l'Arche Andelot a Town in Champagne in France upon the River Rougnâ—n of extraordinary Privileges Andemaâ—n the name of halt a dozen Islands in the Gulph of Ganges near the Kingdom of Pegu in the East-Indies Andera a City of Phrygia in Asia Minor Andernaâ— Antenacum a Town upon the Rhine in the Archbishoprick of Cologne Anderskaw or Andershouw a great Monastery heretofore now a strong Castle in the Island of Seeland in Denmark delicately built Here Frederick II. dyed in 1548. Andes called by some the Cordillera's is one of the vastest and highest Ridges of Mountains in the World they begin in the North part of the Kingdom of Peru and are continued from thence without any Interruption to the Streights of Magellan by the space of 1000 Spanish Leagues much of the same height and seldom above 20 30 or 40 Leagues from the Pacifick Ocean many of them burn perpetually towards Chili Andiatoroque a Lake of New France in America Andore a fruitful Valley of the Pyranees in Catalognia Andover is a Corporation in the North-west part of the County of Hampshire which sends Burgesses to Parliament and gives the Title of a Viscount to the Honorable Earls of Berkshire now in the Possession of Tho. Howard it is seated about 18 Miles from Southampton to the North-west Andra or Aâ—dra a River upon the Coast of Guinea in Africa Andragiri or Gudaviri a City and Kingdom in the Island of Sumatra in Asia almost under the Equinoctial Andres Androsia a City of Galatia near Engury mention'd by Ptolomy S. Andrews Andreapolis a City of Fife in the South of Scotland North of the Frith of Edenburgh upon the German Ocean into which it hath a fair Prospect and upon which it hath a large Haven The ancient name of this place was Regimund it hath an University erected by James I. An. Dom. 1426. It is also an Archbishops See erected by Pope Sixtus IV. An. 1471. instead of Aberneath The Archbishops of all Scotland were heretofore under the Archbishop of York till James III. of Scotland representing to the Pope that there were frequent Wars between England and Scotland obtain'd from the said Pope That the Archbishop of S. Andrew should be independent Primate of Scotland in the twelâ—th year of his Reign yet Innocentius VIII who immediatly succeeded him obliged this Primate and his Successors to observe the laudable Customs of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury This City in 1651. not surrendring upon the first Summons to our English victorious Rebels was sin'd Five hundred Pounds but had it remitted upon shewing they were poor Scholars It is 38 Miles from Edenburgh to the North-east and 23 from Aberneath to the East it lies in Lon. 17. 28. Lat. 57. 46. Andro Andros Andria an Island in the Archipelago with a City of the same name which is an Episcopal See under Athens inhabited by Greeks Latins and Turks The Antients call this Island Cauros Lysia Nonagria and by several other names Androgynes an antient People of Africa composed they say of both Sexes their right Breast a Mans the left a Womans Pliny and Aristotle Androsen or Androsen Androsa a small Town in the County of Cunningham in Scotland upon the Western Shoar Anduze Andusa ad Gardonem a Town in Languedoc in France upon the River Gardon heretofore fortified demolished by Lewis XIII Anenas or Andenas an Island upon the Coast of Norway Southward Anet a Town in the Isle of France upon the River Eure adorn'd with a Castle of extraordinary Magnificence which was built in the Reign of Henry II. It gives the Title of a Principality to the Duke of Vendosme Angamala a City in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies upon the River Aicot as likewise a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Goa till Pope Paul V. in 1609. changed it into the Archiepiscopal See of Cranganor and constituted that as Metrapolitan of the Christians of S. Thomas Angediva a small Island under the Portuguese in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies Angeles Angelepolis or Puebla de los Angeles a City in a Province of the same name otherwise called Tlascala by the Indians in New Spain in America built in 1531. by the Spaniards who have established an Episcopal See in it under the Archbishop of Mexico Angermund vid. Tangermund Anger 's Juliomagus in Caesar Andes is the Head of the Dukedom of Anjou a large well built City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tours It is Seated on the River Sarâ—re in a very good Air and is also an University founded by Lewis II. Duke of Anjou the Son of King John of France Anno 1388. This City is 26 Leagues from Tours towards the West and within 1 League of the Loire In 1685. Lewis XIV established by his Letters Patents an Academy here of Thirty ingenious Persons who are all to be born in the Province of Anjou under the Title of the Royal Academy of Anger 's The famous Berengarius was Arch-deacon here Angitia the antient name of Selva d'Albi a Forest between the City of Albi in Languedoc and the Lake Fucinus Anglesey Mona called by the Welch Mon or Tir-mon and Anglesey from the English after they conquered it it is compassed on all sides with the Irish Sea which separates it from the County of Carnarvan in Wales by so narrow a Channel that in some places it may be forded at low Water it is in compass sixty Miles making one of the Counties of Wales and the most fruitful This Island was the Seat of the Brittish Druides subdued for the Romans by Suetonius Paulinus in the Reign of Nero but he not being able to perfect the Conquest Julius Agricola his Successor did it effectually Edward I. brought it in Subjection to the Crown of England in 1282 till which time it was under the Kings of North-Wales The Right Honorable Arthur Annesly a great lover of Learning and Books was lately Earl of
County of Carnarvan in Wales upon the River Menay call'd by the Latin Authors Bangorium and Bangoria This Bishoprick is of so antient a foundation that we do not find its Original The Cathedral is dedicated by the name of S. Daniel who was Bishop here about the Year 516. From which time to the 11th Century that Hernaeus filled the See we have no Account of the succession In 1496. Henry Deane Bishop repair'd the Cathedral after it had been defaced by the Rebel Owen Glendower In 1541. Arthur Bulkeley Bishop reduced the Bishoprick to a low Condition by unworthy sales and alienations The Diocese contains the County of Carnarvan with parts of Denbigh Merioneth and Montgomery and the whole Isle of Anglesey Banjaluth Blandona a large and well fortified Town in Bosnia near the Mountains under the Dominion of the Turks upon the River Cetina Banjans a People universally scattered over the Provinces of the Indies but most numerous in the Kingdom of Guzurate and notorious for worshiping the Devil together with a God as the author of all the Evils of this Life under a frightful Figure represented to them to pacifie him and engage him in their Favor In some things they are Mahometan like in others divided amongst themselves into Sects greater or less almost innumerable according as they affect their particular Superstitions The Europeans use them for Managers and Interpreters in their Dealings with the Indians Banara a City of the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Bengala upon the River Ganges under the Dominion of the Great Mogul about 40 Miles from Gouro to the North and 100 from Halavassa towards the South Probably the same with Benares See Benares Banny or Ban Argita one of the largest Rivers of the Kingdom of Ireland It ariseth in the County of Downe in the Province of Vlster and having entertained some other Rivers it falls into the vast Lake of Neaugh afterwards dividing the County of Colrane on the West of it from that of Antrim on the East it falls into the Caledonian Ocean a little below Colrane Castle This River divides the Province of Vlster into two parts but Mr. Camden is rather of Opinion that the Latin Name belongs to the Swilly another great River in the same Province but a little more to the West than this Bantam a very great City and a famous Mart and Sea Port in the Island of Java in the East-Indies and the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name This City is seated at the foot of an Hill 18 Leagues from the City of Batavia towards the West upon a narrow Passage call'd the Streights of Bantam right over against the Island of Sumatra It has a very good Harbor belonging to it called the Sound and was much frequented by the European Merchants especially the English and Dutch The Kingdom of Jacatra is subject to this Prince and he has often made War with the Dutch with reasonable good Success till about the Year 1684. A Son of the King of Bantam rebelling against his Father called the Dutch to his Assistance by which means the Dutch possessed themselves of Bantam seized the English Factory and their Effects and made themselves sole Masters of that Trade The Controversie between them and the English not being determined to this day The old King in the mean time was kept a Prisoner first at Bantam afterwards in the Castle of Batavia whither he was conducted in November 1687 with a formal Solemnity and there lodged with his Wife and some Slaves to attend him Bantry a Bay in the Province of Munster in Ireland where Admiral Herbert now Earl of Torrington engaged the French Fleet May 1 1689 upon their arrival with Succors for Ireland which however were landed the day after Banya Rivuli Puellarum a Town of Transylvania 6 Leagues from Bestercze to the West not far from the Confines of the Upper Hungary Banza See S. Salvador in Africa Bapalme Balma a strong Town in Artois seated upon a rising Ground in the Borders of Picardy This Town has been in the hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. It was yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands at an equal distance from Peron a Town of Picardy towards the South and Arras towards the North. Bar a strong Town in Podolia having a Castle built upon an Hill and surrounded with Marshes which contribute very much to its defence It stands upon the River Kow 18 Polonian Miles from Caminieck to the East and as many from Barklow towards the West This Town is under the Turks Bar or Barrois a Dukedom of France betwixt Champagne and Loraine incorporated after divers Revolutions by the Concession of the Pyrenaean Treaty as the French interpret it in 1659 with the Crown of that Kingdom It s Capital City is Barle Duc. It lies on each side the Meuse which divided it heretofore into the Royal and Ducal Barrois both then belonging to the House of Loraine they doing Homage to the King of France for the same Bar sur Aube a fine Town in Champagne in France but ill pav'd it has its name from the River Albula Aube on which it stands upon the foot of an Hill in a very pleasant Country about 8 Leagues from Arâ—is towards the South and as many from Troys towards the South-West and 7 from Chastillon towards the North-East This place is in much esteem for the delicious Wine the Country yields Bar sur Seyne a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy in the Confines of Champagne seated in a Mountainous Country about 5 Miles West of Bar sur Aube Bara a Town in the Province of Gorga in the Upper Aethiopia near the Lake of Zaflan Barampour a City of the East-Indies under the Dominion of the Mogul in the Kingdom of Candis It lies 100 Miles from Surat towards the East upon the River Tapi this Place is called by others Barampore and heretofore Baramatis as Herbert saith Baranateta the Name of a City and Kingdom in the Asian Tartary Barathrum a deep Pit in Attica in Greece contrived with Iron Spikes and Tenters for a place of Execution throwing the Malefactors Headlong into it in antient times Barbadoes one of the most considerable Plantations which the English have upon the Caribby Islands it lies in 13. d. 20. m. Northern Lat. and 321. of Long about 8 Leagues in length and 5 in breadth and inhabited by 50000. English besides Negros who are three times their number This Island was first discovered to the English by Sir William Curteen in the Reign of James I. but was then wholly desolate The English soon after Planted it and were driven at first to great Extremities because Ships came very rarely and slowly thither from England till having about the Year 1627. raised some Tobacco Indico Cotton-Wool and Fustick-Wood and after that falling into the Sugar Trade its Reputation and Wealth increased And this Colony which for a long time subsisted by the courtesie or
that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants called Bermudas from the Spanish and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer Bermet a City of the hither East-Indies supposed by Castaldus to be the Barbari of Arrian Bern Berna a great and well built City of Switzerland which has its name from a Bear and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust a Town of Schwaben and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern which is one of the largest Cantons and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg They suffered much also from Albertus who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South 4 from Freiburg to the North and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry handsom Towns good Castles and Villages that you may compare it almost to one continued City and as for the Civil Government of it it is managed by two Councils of Senators under a Chief whom they call in French an Avoyer in German Schaltesch which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards See Doctor Burnett's Letters Bernards Castle a Market-Town in Durham in Darlington Wapentake upon the River Tees which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons Bernbourg a small City in Germany in the Upper Saxony in the Principality of Anhalt upon the River Saaldar Sala 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South and as many from Dessaw to the West It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle Bernich Berenice a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny but called Hesperia by Mela one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis between the Promontory Boreum now il Capo di Teiones upon the greater Syrtis and the City of Arsinoe to the East It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy the third King of Egypt as Solinus saith Bernstadt Bernardi Vrbs a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw Beroa Berrhaea believed to be the modern Aleppo was a famous City amongst the Antients reedified by Seleucus Nicanor and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch See Aleppo § Also an antient Town in Macedonia near the River Lydius Berry Bituricensis Provincia Bituriges a Dukedom in France bounded on the North by Sologne on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone on the West by Poictou and part of Tourein and on the South by Limosin The Principal City of this Province is Bourges divided into 2 parts by the River Chur a rich fruitful and populous Province The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome for from the Conquests by them made proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina See Gallia Bersheba or Beerseba an antient City of Palestine by the way of Gaza to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon Josh 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc Some take it to be the same now with Gibel Bertinoro Bretinorium Petra Honorii a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli It s Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco S. Bertrand de Cominges Convenae seu Lugdunum Convenarum a City of France at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Garonne in the Earldom de Cominge which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West Berwald a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden and the Princes of Germany Berwick Burcovicum Bervicium Teusis a Town in Northumberland situated upon the North side of the River Twede the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England and saith Camden the strongest hold in all Britain It stands upon a Promontory so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland as a Pledge for his Ransom being then a Prisoner in England restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony Edward I. in 1297. retook it After this it was won and lost divers times till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England The English Princes have fortified it but especially Queen Elizabeth who Walled it anew within the old Wall and added Out-works after the later Modes by which it was made incredibly strong Henry II. built the Castle and other of our Princes the outward Wall so that all its Works are owing to the English After a long Peace in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it and quitted it Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son Duke of Berwick Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the
Brivodurum and Breviodurus Bricquia a Province in the lesser Asia formerly called Licia Bridgend a Market-Town in Glamorganshire in Wales in the Hundred of New-Castle Bridge-North a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesdon upon the Severn Heretofore fortified since demolished Bridlingtou or Burlington a small Town in the County of York where Mary Queen of England Landing from Holland February 22. 1642. was most barbarously treated by 4 Parliament Ships which a great while plaid with their Cannon on the Town and especially on that House in which the Queen was entertained Bridge-Water a Corporation in Somersetshire upon the South side of the River Parret which about five Miles further falls into the Irish Sea 13 Miles from Wells to the West and 23 from Bristol to the South-West It was a great and a populous Town as Mr. Camden saith but suffered very much in the old Rebellion by the Scots July 23. 1645. And on Sunday July 5. 1685. the late Duke of Monmouth Natural Son to Charles II. of ever blessed Memory was entirely defeated being then in Rebellion against K. James II. upon a Moor near this place by the Providence of God and the Courage of the Earl of Feversham who the same day marched to Bridge-Water the Rebels having before his coming deserted it and dispers'd themselves The greatest Honor this Town has is to give the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable John Egerton whose Father was created Earl of Bridge-VVater May 17. 1617. in the 5th Year of James I. being the Son and Heir of Thomas Egerton Lord Chancellor of England who was created Baron of Ellesmere in 1603 and Viscount Brackley in 1616. Bridport a Market-Town in Dorsetshire The Capital of its Hundred 2 Miles from the Sea to which it had formerly a very good Haven This Town was famous in the time of K. Edward the Confessour It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament Brie a Country part within the Government of the Isle of France and part in the Province of Champagne betwixt the Rivers Seine and Marne Meaux sur Marne is the Capital Town of it It is very fruitful In Latin call'd Bria Brigeium and Brigiensis saltus Brie-Compte-Robert a Town in the Country precedent upon the River Iere four or five Leagues from Paris Brieg Brega a Town upon the Oder in Silesia in Germany betwixt Oppelen and Breslaw The same is the Capital of the Dutchy of Brieg Brienne a small Town in Champagne in France upon the River Aube with the Title of an Earldom near Troyes between Bar-sur-Aube and Planci This Place gives Name to the antient House of Brienne Brighthelmston a Market-Town in Sussex in Lewis-Rape by the Sea Side Brignoville Brinnonia Brinnola a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France near the River Caramie Understood by some to be the Forum Veconii by others the Matavonium of the Antients Charles V. the Emperor took it in 1536. The Leaguers surprized it in 1589. Brille or Briel a Town and Port of Holland in a good Soil but a gross Air at the Confluence of the Rhine and the Meuse in a small Island of this Name It was surprized by the Dutch in 1572. by the help of the Succors obtained from Queen Elizabeth And this Action was as the first Foundation of the Commonwealth of Holland Brin Eburum Arsicua Brinum Brina a City of Moravia seated upon the River Zwitta where it falls into that of Swarta 7 German Miles South of Olmitz This was the only place which in 1645. and 1646. held out for the Emperour against the Swedes in all Moravia when being besieg'd it broke the Swedish Army and forc'd them to rise call'd by some Bruna written Brenne also Brindisi Brundusium is an Archiepiscopal City in the Kingdom of Naples which has a strong Castle and a safe Harbour at the mouth of the Gulph of Venice 36 Miles from Tarento to the East Pompey retired hither after his overthrow in the Year of Rome 705. and was obliged to leave the place again because Caesar pursued him In the Year 735. the incomparable Virgil died here that is about 19 years before the coming of our Saviour It has been several times ruin'd and repair'd Brioude Brivas Vicus Briatensis a great and antient Town in the Province of Auvergne in France upon the Allier The Emperour Avitus was buried in the Church of S. Julianus here The Chapter takes the Title of Earls of Brioude being in the first institution Knights Confederated to make War against the Normans in the Year 898. § 2 Leagues from this place stands Brioude la Vieille upon the same River where there is a Bridge to cover it compos'd of one Arch so extraordinary long and high as scarce to have its parallel in Europe Briqueras or Briquerasco Briquerascum a considerable Town in the Principality of Piedmont 4 or 5 Leagues from Pignerol with a Castle Taken by the Sieur de Lesdiguieres in 1592. and retaken by Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy in 1594. Also famous in the Wars of Piedmont in the years 1629. 30. and 31. Brisach Brisacus Mons a City with a very strong Castle in the Territory of Brisgow in Alsatia with a Stone Bridge upon the Rhine 6 German Miles from Basil to the North and 7 from Strasburg and a from Colmar It was a Free Imperial City till 1330. when it was exempted and given to the House of Austria call'd therefore the Key of Germany the Cittadel of Alsatia and the Pillow on which the House of Austria slept with security In 1633. Gustavus Horne a Swede besieg'd it vain but in 1638. it was taken by the French under the command of the Duke of Weimar who are still in Possession of it their Title being confirm'd by the Treaty of Westphalia or Munster in 1648. and afterwards by the Treaty of the Pirenees in 1659. Brisag or Brisiaco a Town under the Grisons upon the Lake Majour in Italy between Locarna Canobia and Domo Brisgow Brisgovia is a Province of Germany lying on the East of the Rhine and the West of Wirtenburg and on the South clos'd with the Canton of Basil The principal place is Friburg This Province is in part under the House of Austria and in part under the French Brisach which was once its Capital being under the latter but the greatest part under the former The Prince of Conde obtain'd a Victory here in 1644. when General Merci was kill'd Brissach a Town in the Province of Anjou in France upon the River Aubance below Saumur It gives the Title of a Duke Bristoll Bristolium Venta Belgarum Venta Silurum is a noble City in the County of Somerset upon the River Avon which runs through the midst of it and so part of it stands in Glocestershire but then it is a County of itself and belongs to neither of them It is a neat strong clean populous rich well traded City and after London and York the Third principal Place of England the Inhabitants of this City Trading
Behat falling into the Indus have their Sources therein Long. 305. and Lat. 31. In this City their Kings resided heretofore There are two Fortresses standing in it Cabusco a Mountain in the Kingdom of Persia Cacagioni Charox a City of the Lesser or Crim Tartary Cacari a River and Town of Mongrelia Cacceres Caceres de Camarhina a City in the principal Philippine Island of Lusson or Manilha upon the Streights of Manilha with a good Port to the same and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Manilha Cacelina a City of Bithynia antiently call'd Chalcedon Cachan a large City in the Province of Hyrach in Persia 22 Leagues from Ispahan Above a thousand Families of Jews said to be of the Tribe of Juda dwell in it It is a famous Place for Brocards Cachar the Indus or great River of the East-Indies Caco Cacus Caunus a Mountain in the Kingdom of Aragon in the Confines of the Kingdom of Old Castile now call'd also Moncaio Cadenac a small Town in the County of Quercy in France upon the River Lot and the Borders of Rovergue 8 or 9 Leagues from Cahors Some take it to be the Vxellodunum of the antient Gaul which stood out the last of all their Towns against Caesar Cadillac a small Town in the Province of Guienne in France near the Garrone in a fertile Soil and adorn'd with one of the best Castles in this Province Cachieu or Sierra Liona a Sea Port Town on the Coast of Guiney much frequented by the Europeans towards the Promontory of Leaena This Place was first discovered by the Portugals in 1452. Cadiz Gades is an Island and City on the Coast of Spain in the Atlantick Ocean call'd Cadis and Cales by the English and Cadice by the Italians But small as being only 4 Leagues in length whereas it was once much greater as Pliny and Strabo both affirm It lies on the Coast of the Kingdom of Andalusia to which it is now joyn'd by a Bridge between the Outlet of the River Guadalquivir or Baetis and the Streights of Gibraltar On the Western Shoar of this Island lies CADIS which gives Name to the Island built by the Phenicians and is perhaps the oldest Town in Spain In the times of the Romans it was made a Municipal City and one of the Juridical Resorts for the Province of Baetica in which time it was thought one of the Noblest and Richest Cities in all Spain scarce yeilding to any in the Empire for Greatness Magnificence or the Number and Quality of the Inhabitants here living at one time five hundred Roman Knights which Number was not equalled in any other Place but Padua only beside the great Concourse of Merchants from all places of the World which occasioned Cornelius Balba a Native of it to build a New Town to the old one By the Moors at the Conquest of Spain it was utterly ruined and so contitinued till it was recovered from them by the Spaniards who rebuilt and fortified it and made it the Magazine for their Navies Yet it was taken by the English in one Day under Robert Earl of Essex and Sir Walter Rawleigh in which they burnt the Indian Fleet consisting of forty Sail of Ships whose Lading was worth eight Millions of Crowns overcame the Spanish Navy which consisted of fifty seven Men of War took the S. Michael and S. Andrew two great Gallions with their Lading and carried away more Martial Furniture than could be again supplied in many Years forced the Town in which they slew and took Prisoners 4000 Foot and 600 Horse and brought thence a considerable Booty in 1596. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 14. 10. Lat. 36. 28. Juno had a Temple formerly in her Honor in this Island thence call'd Junonis Insula and also Hercules another in which Caesar wept to reflect upon the Actions of Alexander the Great at the Age of thirty three After the Reduction of Spain by Caesar he left a Roman Colony at Cadis with the Name of Julia Gaditana The Antients believed it to be the utmost boundary of Navigation calling the two Mountains near it at the Mouth of the Streights the Pillars of Hercules Here the Spanish Gallions rendezvouse It is one of the Keys of Spain and of so very great Importance that Charles V. recommended it particularly together with Flushing in the Low-Countries and Goulet in Africa to the Care of his Son King Philip II. as absolutely necessary for the Conservation of his Empire Columella was a Native hereof with Canius a Poet mentioned by Martial I l Cadoriue the most Northern Country of all Italy towards the County of Tyrol and the Alpes contained within the Marcha Trevisana in the States of the Republick of Venice It s Capital Town is Pieve di Cadore Cadouin a famous Abbey of the Order of the Cistercians in the Province of Perigord in France where they pretend to preserve a Handkerchief of our Saviour's brought out of Jerusalem in 1105. and since visited by S. Lewis K. of France in 1269. by Charles VI. and Lewis XI as a most extraordinary Relick Caen Cadomus famous for a Bishop's See and an University on the River Orne about 4 Leagues from the British Sea 28 from Roan to the South In the year 1063. the Archbishop of Roan held a Council here in the Presence of William the Conqueror King of England who died in 1087. in the 74th year of his Age at Roan and being deserted after his Death by all his Friends and Servants was after a long time interr'd by the Monks here with small Pomp in the Abbey of St. Stephen which he him self had Founded as his Queen had done that of the Holy Trinity The University was Founded by Henry V. K. of England who took this City from the French after a sharp resistance by Storm in 1417. It s Long. is 22. 20. Lat. 49. 40. The learned Bochartus was none of the least Ornaments of this Place They bear three Fleur de Lysses in their Arms as a Token of their Fidelity to the Crown Caer-Cadon the Welsh Name of the City of Bath Caerdif See Landaff Caerick-Fergus See Knock-Fergus Caer-Leon Chester Caer-Leon Isca Legionis Legio Secunda an antient Roman Town upon the Vsk in the County of Monmouth which was once one of the Metropolitan Seats of Britain and an University till the See was removed to S. Davids The City was ruined in the Reign of Henry II. but there are still many very honourable Marks of its Antiquity and Splendor digged up here for which the Reader may consult Mr. Camden The Romans quartered the Second Legion called Augusta in it to bridle the Silures King Arthur kept his Court here It stands 9 Miles East from Landaf 21 from Brecknock South-East and 26 from Hereford South-West Newport has sprung out of its Ruins and stands a little beneath it on the Severn Caer-Lud London Caermarthenshire is one of the Twelve Counties in VVales bounded
on the East by Glamorganshire and Brecknock on the West by Pembroke on the North by Cardigan from which it is separated by the River Tivy and on the South by the Irish Sea This County is said by Mr. Camden to be very fruitful and in some places to have plenty of Coal Mines and to abound in Cattle It takes its Name from the principal City which stands upon the River Tiny about 5 Miles from the Sea called by Ptolomy Maridunum by Antonius Muridunum It was Walled with Brick in the times of Giraldus Cambrensis but was then decaying Pleasantly seated between Woods and Meadows and very venerable for its great Antiquity taken from the VVelch in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror after this by them retaken and burnt twice till being first strengthened with a Castle by Henry Turbervil an English Man and after that walled about by Gilbert de Clare it recovered something of its former Glory The Princes of VVales settling here the Chancery and Exchequer for South VVales Caernarvanshire has on the North and West the Irish Sea on the South Merioneth and on the East Denbighshire parted from the Isle of Anglesey by the River Menay All the middle parts of it are covered and filled with Mountains so that Mr. Camden calls these Hills Alpes Britannicas the British Alpes and saith they afforded the greatest Security to the Welsh in times of VVar and so abounded with Grass that they seemed sufficient alone to have fed all the Cattle of VVales The Western parts are more level and yield plenty of Barley The chief Town or City is seated in this part of the County upon the River Menay and was built by Edward I. King of England about 1283. Small and almost round but strong and defended by a beautiful Castle Edward II. was born here and Surnamed from this Town who was the first of the English Princes that bore the Title of Prince of VVales In after times these Princes setled here the Chancery for North-VVales Robert Dormer Baron of VVing was created Viscount and Earl of Carnarvan in the sourth Year of the Reign of King Charles I. who afterwards lost his Life valiantly for that Prince at Newberry in 1643. to whom succeeded Charles his Son Caerphilly a Market-Town in the County of Glamorgan in VVales where the Earl of Pembroke has a Noble Castle It is the Capital of its Hundred Caerwis a Market-Town in Flintshire in the Hundred of Coleshill Caeron a Country in Assyria where Josephus says the Relicks of Noah's Ark were to be seen in his time It produces your odoriferous Wood. Caesarea Palestina was anciently call'd the Tower of Straton But Herod the Great rebuilding it called it Caesarea in honor of Augustus It is now call'd Caisar It lies on the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea in the Holy Land 30 Miles to the South from Ptolemais and 45 from Jerusalem After the Ruin of Jerusalem it became the Metropolis of Palestine and the Seat of the Prefect or Governor the Bishop of Caesarea gained thereby the Authority of a Primate over the Bishop of Jerusalem and for some Ages maintained it but in after Councils the Bishop of Jerusalem was exempted and made a Patriarch several great Councils have been held here Eusebius Pamphilus the Church Historian was in his time Bishop of it Cornelius the first converted Gentile was baptized here by S. Peter S. Paul was a Prisoner here And Origen taught here But in 653. after a Siege of 7 years Muhavia a Saracen took it from the Christians In the Holy War it was several times taken and retaken till at last intirely ruined by Barsus a Saracen Long 66. 15. Lat. 32. 20. § Caesarea Magna in Cappadocia the Episcopal Seat heretofore of S. Basil See Caisar § Caesarea Philippi See Balbec § Caesarea in Africa an antient City mention'd with Honor in the Roman History upon the Coast of the Mediterranean believed to be the same with the Iol of Ptolemy Pliny and Mela. It became a Bishop's See since Christianity and likewise an University that produced divers Poets and Philosophers of Note in the time that the Arabians were Victorious in Africa In the Year 959. the Caliphs ruined it The Remains of its Walls make it appear to have been above 3 Leagues in Circuit call'd by the Africans Tiguident Caffa a considerable City and Sea-Port in Crim Tartary upon the Eastern side of the Peninsula East of the City of Crim supposed to be the Cavum of the Antients It is a flourishing Mart and furnished with a large and capacious Haven Heretofore possessed by the Genoese who saith Dr. Heylin by the Help of this Port and the Plantation they had in Pera on the North Side of Constantinople engrossed all the Trade of the Euxine Sea into their own hands In 1475. it was taken by Mahomet the Great ever since it has been in the hands of the Turks and though by them much ruin'd is still the principal Place in that Demy-Island The Turks govern it by a Bashaw they send thither and although the Tartars can possess themselves of it when they please yet they chuse rather to leave it in his hands than to take it into their own The Venetians have often sollicited a free Commerce with it for the Benefit of its Commodities but the Port has constantly refused to suffer their Vessels to pass into the Black Sea for Reasons of State They reckon about 4000 Houses of Mahometans Tartars and Christians whereof some Latins Greeks and some Armenians to the Number of about 800 who are obliged to wear a Distinction from the rest in their Bonnets Caffreria a Country of Africa of large extent It lies from the Kingdom of Angola on the North to the Cape of Good Hope and is bounded East West and South with the Ocean the South-Eastern part is very fruitful and well peopled the rest barren Mountainous and little peopled The Inhabitants are so barbarous that they are called by this Name from their rude way of living which signifies the Lawless People they were all heretofore Man-eaters and many of them continue such to this day They call themselves Hottentots Mr. Herbert an English Man who was in these Parts will scarce allow them to be perfect Men and saith they sell Man's Flesh in the Shambles They acknowledg a Soveraign Being under the Name of Humma which they adore when he sends good Weather But in cold and rainy or very hot Seasons they change their Praises of him into Complaints against him Cagliari Caralis Calaris a City of Sardinia an Island in the Mediterranean Sea which is the Capital and the Seat of the Governor on the South side of the Island upon an Hill Also an Archbishop's See and an University When the Moors were Masters of this Island they ruined this City but James II. King of Aragon recovering it Anno Christi 1330. the Pisans rebuilt the Town which is now become great and rich under the Spaniards It has three
which about one hundred years since saith Mr. Wheeler was nothing but an old Castle and the present Suburbs of the Castati But now it is a good large City and an Archbishops See well fortified with Walls on the South and two Castles at the East and West Ends the side towards the Harbour is not so well fortified nor needs it This Town would be almost impregnable were it not for a Rock that stands towards the the West and commands the adjoining Fort with a great part of the Town Here resides the chief Govour of the Venetian Islands both in Civil and Military concerns The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church but much Latinized The Soil not so fruitful of Corn as to supply the Inhabitants but then it produceth Wine Oil and all sorts of good Fruit. In the year 1537. Solyman II. Emperour of the Turks sent his famous General Barberoasse with an Army of five and twenty thousand Men to make a Descent upon this Island as they accordingly did but were forced by the Venetians to an Inglorious Retreat thence again Cory one of the chief Towns in Georgia called Hermastis and Armactica by the Latins There is another of the same Name in Dalmatia mentioned by Pliny and Ptolomy under the Name of Corinium five or six Miles from Novigrod upon a Hill and a third in the Ecclesiastical State in Italy Coria Caurium Caurita a City upon the River Alagnon in Old Castile five or six Leagues from the Frontiers of Portugal The Bishop of it is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Compostella Corinth Corinthus Heliopolis a City of the Morea which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople built in the year of the World 3066. near the Isthmus between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas At first subject to Kings but growing powerful and rich by Commerce it became a Common-wealth It s situation affording it two Noble Havens to the East and West it was the first City of Greece that set out Trireines or great Gallies to Sea by which it became the richest and one of the most powerful Cities in all Greece it treated the Roman Embassadors with that Insolence that they decreed the total ruine of it which was effected by L. Mummius Achaius 146. years before the Birth of our Saviour Julius Caesar re-built it S. Paul converted it to Christianity and honoured it with two Epistles and Clemens Romanus with a third of the next immediate antiquity and value Thus it became the Metropolis of Achaia in after-times it had Despots or Princes of its own from whom it passed to the Venetians by their Grant But in 1458. Mahomet II. dispossed that Republick of this Noble City and they have since treated it with so much Tarkish cruelty that there are not many Houses in it inhabited by poor Men rather out of necessity than choice It is hoped the Venetians may give it another resurrection out of its desolation and ruines they having recovered it in Aug. 1687. without opposition They now call it vulgarly Corantho The old Acrocorinthus a strong Cittadel built upon the top of a very high Hill and the proud Curtezans here of higher prizes than for every one to give it is supposed severally or together occasioned the Proverb Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum Long. 49. 15. Lat. 38. 11. § Apollodorus writes of three Corinths more the first in Thessalia the second in Epirus the third in Elis. Corlin Corlinum a City in Pomerania subject the Duke of Brandenburg ever since 1648. upon the River Persant three German Miles from the Baltick Sea and five from Treptow to the East It has a Castle and was before subject to the Bishop of Camin Corneto Cornuetum a Bishops See in union with that of Monte Fiascone subject only to the Pope in the State of the Church upon the River Marta four Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea and forty six from Rome to the West very little inhabited being unhealthfully seated Cornovaile or Cornoaille a Territory in Britany in France called Corisopitum by the Latin Writers the Capital of which is Quimper-Corantine Cornwall Cornubia Cornavii Damnonii is the most Western County of England It has Devonshire on the East from which the River Tamer parts it and on all the other sides is surrounded with the Sea For a long time the Store-house of Tin to the whole World till in 1240. there were other Mines of this found in Misnia and Bohemia by a Cornishman The Soil of this County is tolerably fruitful but Mountainous In some Rocks they find a sort of a Precious Stone call'd the Cornish Diamond shaped and polished by Nature and many times as big as a Walnut only not so hard as a Diamond of the right kind The Inhabitants are the Reliques of the old Britains and still retain their Language It was by Edward II. in 1336. made a Dukedom and given to his Son Edward and has ever since belonged to the Eldest Son of the King of England who is born Duke of Cornwall Coro a City of South America near the Sea in the Province of Venezuela under the Spaniards It is built after the manner of Venice upon a Lake amongst a number of little Islets Thence often it self call'd Venezuela or Little Venice Coromandel a Kingdom on the East side of the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies divided from the Malabars by the Mountains of Balagatta which run from North to South to the Cape of Comori it lies along the Eastern Shoar an hundred Leagues in length St. Thomas a Town in 32. deg of Latitude is in this Kingdom in which the Portuguese found Christians of the Greek Church when they came first hither who put the City into their Hands and they enjoy it still it hath many good Harbours much frequented by the Europeans especially in Winter The Natives are yet for the most part stupid Pagan Idolaters as Mr. Herbert saith and and of a Dusky Complexion This Country was divided amongst many Princes but at present is subject to one saith Mendelslo who resides some times at Bisnagar and some times at Narsinga Coron Corona a Maritime City in the Morea on the Southern Shoar opposite to the Coast of Barbary it is situate on the richest and most fruitful Province of this Country called Belvedora ten Miles by Land and twenty by Sea from Modon The Venetian's built here in 1463. a great Tower for a Magazine but they enjoyed it not long for Bajazet II. took it after a Siege in 1498. It was attempted in 1533. by the famous Johni Doria Admiral of Spain and taken but could not be long kept It was taken again by the Venetians after a sharp Siege in 1685. and may they long enjoy it It is a very strong City with a safe and large Haven and in former times was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Patras Coronea an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece near Leuctra to the East and the River Cephisus North. It was here
most admired and rich Temple of Apollo Pythius and the Oracle which the Gauls under Brennus attempted in vain to spoil in Christian times became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens but since it fell into the hands of the devouring Turks it is become a poor small Village twenty Miles West from Leucadia forty from Lepanto to the East and about seven saith Baudrand from the Bay of Corinth It is observed by Suidas Cedrenus Nicephorus and divers others that about the time of the Nativity of our Saviour this Pythian Oracle became dumb And Augustus being astonished at its silence received for answer Me Puer Hebraeus divos Deus ipse gubernans Cedere sede jubet tristemque redire sub orcum Aris ergo dehinc tacitis abscedito nostris Nero afterwards plundered it of five hundred Statues of Brass with all its Wealth broke down its Buildings and distributed the Lands belonging to it amongst his Souldiers Delta an Island made by the Nile in Egypt of the fashion of the Letter Δ in the Greek in the way as that River flows from Cairo Ptolomy mentions two a greater and a less of this sort The ancient City Busiris did stand in the midst of this Island Demer Tabuda a River in Brabant Demetriade Dimnitrado Demetrias an ancient City of Magnesia in the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia upon the Gulph dell ' Armiro or the Pelasgicus sinus of the Classicks It has been heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa from which it stands twenty Miles to the East Denbigh Denbiga one of the twelve Shires in wales has the Irish Sea on the North Flintshire on the East Merinoth on the South and Caernarvan on the West The principal Rivers are Cluyd Elway and Conwey which last separates this Shire from Carnarvan The West part is barren the middle where the Cluyd runneth is plain and very fruitful the last part except what lies upon the D 〈…〉 is less fertil Denbigh the principal Town stands upon a declining Rock H. Lacy Earl of Lincoln obtaining a Grant of this Place from Edward I. walled it and set up a Castle on the South side but wanting Water and being of difficult Access the Inhabitants have by degrees removed their Dwellings nearer the River and in Mr. Cambden's time were building a second Church the former not being able to contain the Inhabitants This Town has the River Aled or Elwy on the West and the Cluyd on the East which meet beneath it to the North it has a Bridge over both of them the later Maps place the Elwy on the South of the Town It stands fifteen Miles from Chester to the West and four from S. Asaph to the South The Right Honorable William Fielding is Earl of Denbigh and the fourth Earl of his Family Dendermonde Teneramunda is a strong Town in Flanders upon the River Schelde where the Tenera from Alost falls into it lying in the middle between Gant and Antwerp about five Leagues from either Denmark Denemarck Dania Cimbrius Chersonesus called by the Italians and Spaniards Danimarca by the Poles Dunska Is one of the most ancient Kingdoms of Europe yet of no great Extent Part of a vast Peninsula called of old Cimbricus Chersonesus in middle time Jutland and some Islands in the Eastern and Baltick Sea make the body of this Kingdom except that the Kingdom of Norway together with Greenland Island and Feroe is now annexed to it It was once a part of the Kingdom of the Goths but now a separate Kingdom consisting of two parts Jutland and the Isles The North of Jutland only is under the King of Denmark viz. Nort Jutland and the Northern parts of Suder Jutland Of the Islands Zeeland Fuynen and Bornholm in the Baltick Sea and Island in the Virgivian Ocean are the chief Coppenhague in the Isle of Zeeland is the Capital of the whole There were also three Counties on the Norway side Blecklen Schania and Haland which belonged originally to Denmark but in 1645. by the Treaty of Brooms-Boa these and some other Islands were surrendered by Christian IV. to the Swedes for ever and again in 1658. and 1660. confirmed to the Swedes This Kingdom had heretofore the Isles of Shetland on the North of Scotland which were granted to James VI. as a part of his Queens Dowry The King of Denmark possesseth also in Germany 1. Half the Dukedom of Holsatia 2. The Counties of Oldenburgh and that of Delmenhorst which two fell to him by Inheritance from the last Count of Oldenburgh Till 1660 the Crown was Elective but then made Hereditary by Frederick III. The Danes have also enlarged their Princes Bounds by planting a New Denmark in the North of America This Kingdom once was one of the most Powerful in Europe as may be remembred more particularly to us by their Incursions into England Scotland and Ireland where they maintained War with our Ancestors above three hundred years together But by the Fate of Time War and other humane Calamities reduced to the state in which it now is The Danish Writers derive its Name and pretend to give a Catalogue of their Kings from Dan the Son of Jacob. It is a cold Climate but fruitful enough in Corn Cattle and Fish and the greatest Revenue of the Crown comes from the Toll that is payed for passing the Sound Denia a Sea-Port in the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain over against the Isle of Yvica on the Mediterranean Sea eleven Miles from Valentia to the South Denin a celebrated Nunnery in the Low Countreys upon the Road from Valenciennes to Doway where the Chapter is composed of 18 Chanonesses who are all Ladies of Quality taking the Title of Countesses of Ostrevan from their Founder S. Aldebert an Earl of Ostrevan who left both his Estate and Dignity to them They enter into no Vows Marry at their pleasure leaving only their thanks to the Chapter for the honour they have enjoyed by it St Dennis en Uaux ad Sanctum Dionysium in Vallibus a Town in the Dukedom of Orleans in France St. Dennis Carriere a Town and a famous Monastery in the Isle of France two Leagues from Paris to the South one of the richest Monasteries in that Kingdom upon the River Crou which a little lower falls into the Scin. The Abbey was founded in 636. by Dagobert King of France in honor of S. Dennis whose Bones sleep here But the Church was rebuilt since by Suggerus one of their Abbots in three Years and three Months ending in 1144. Here are the Tombs of the Kings of France Some of which have died here too St. Dennis a Town in Normandy in the Forest of Lyons on the Borders of Beauvois in which Henry I. King of England died Deptford a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the
of the Eastern part or Shoar of Kent upon high Cliffs twelve Miles from Canterbury to the South-East and fifty five from London and seven Leagues distant by Sea from Calais in France That part of the Town next the Sea had anciently a Wall some of which is still standing On the top of a rugged high Cliff or Rock is a stately and very strong Castle which may be supposed to have been built by the Romans however this place was certainly a Station of theirs and has ever since been reputed one of the Keys of England at all times carefully guarded besides it is one of the Cinque-Ports and in times past was to set out to the Wars one and twenty Ships Therefore Philip King of France said that Lewis his Son when called in hither against King John by the Barons had not one foot of Land in England if he were not Master of Dover-Castle It had formerly seven Parish Churches now two and it is now as heretofore most frequented upon the account of its being the shortest passage into France The Honorable Henry Lord Jarmin was created Baron of Dover in the first year of King James II. But before in Anno 1627. Henry Carey Viscount Rochford and Baron Hunsden enjoyed the Title from King Charles I. of Earl of Dover Dour or Adour Aturus a River of Aquitaine the Southern part of France or rather three Rivers called by the same Name the principal of these riseth in Bigorre out of the Pyrenean Hills near Baretge and running North watereth Tarbe then turning Westward it passeth on the North of Aire St. Sever and Dax or Acqs so falleth into the Bay of Biscay at Bayonne having entertained Gaue de Oleron Gaue de Pau and several other Rivers The Outlet was anciently at le Bocau six Leagues beneath Bayonne but by the Industry of Lewis de Foix an excellent Ingineer and Architect of France in 1579. its course was altered as Thuanus saith The same Gentleman was the Contriver of the Palace in Spain and the Light-House at the Mouth of the Garronne called Tour de Cordovan Dourdan a small Town in the District of Hurepois in the Isle of France upon the River Orge towards the Frontiers of la Beauce thirteen Leagues from Paris and two or three from Estampes The Huguenots took and almost ruined it in the years 1562 1567. It had been often mortgaged sold and remitted from one to another before Lewis XIII redeemed and reunited it to the Crown in 1610. Dourlens Doulendium a Town in Picardy in France very strongly fortified on the Borders of Artois upon the River Asselane which falls into the British Sea between Crotoy and Estaple six Leagues from Amiens to the North and seven from Arras to the South This Town did heretofore belong to the Earls of Pontieu and became united to the Crown of France in 1559. Doustre Dostra a River of France in the Vicomte de Turene in Limosin Le Doux See Dou. Douzi Duziacum Duodeciacum a Castle in the Diocese of Rheims in France upon the River Cher betwixt Ivoy and Sedan Remarkable for two Councils celebrated at it in the years 871. 874. The first of which deposed and imprisoned Hinâ—mar Bishop of Laon for adhering to the Papal Interest contrary to the Usage and Liberties of the Gallican Church who some time after had his Eys put out Dowglass a Castle in Cuysdale in the middle of the Southern part of Scotland which takes its Name from the River Dowglass as doth also the Dale or Valley in which it stands This Castle is seated about six Scotch Miles West of Lanrick where Dowglass River unites with the Cluyd fifteen from Glasguo to the South and thirty five from Edinburgh to the South-West It is only memorable for its Earls sometimes so very powerful they were a terror to the Kings of Scotland themselves there being at one time six Earls of this Family that is Dowglas Angus Ormond Wigton Murray and Morton as Mr. Cambden reckons them § There is a Castle of this Name in the Isle of Man Down Dunum a City and Bishoprick in the Province of Vlster in Ireland the Bishop of which is under the Archbishop of Armagh The Bishoprick of Connor has been united to it ever since 1442. The City stands upon the Irish Sea upon a Peninsula made by the Sea and the Lake of Cone which affords it an excellent Haven twenty Miles from Dormore to the East thirty two from Carrick fergus to the South The County of Down is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea on the North by the County of Antrim and the Lake of Neaugh on the West by Armagh and on the South by the County of Louth from which it is severed by the River Newry This County saith Mr. Cambden is generally very fruitful where it is not overspread with Woods and has several safe Harbors upon the Seas Down is one of the most ancient Towns in Ireland made more famous by keeping the Bones of S. Patrick S. Bridget and S. Columbus than by the mention which Ptolomy has made of it by the Name of Dunum though not in its right place Downham a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Clackcloss upon the River Ouse over which it hath a Bridge Downton or Duncton a Market Town in Wiltshire the Capital of its Hundred situated upon the Salisbury Avon It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament Drac Dracus a River in the Dauphinate in France which riseth about four Leagues North of Embrun and running Northward falls into the Isere at Grenoble bringing with it another small River which comes from La Grace and falls into the Drac at Viville four Miles South of Grenoble Draco or Drago Acragas or Agragas a River of Sicily called Biagio di Gergenti di Naro also and falls into the African Sea three Miles beneath Gergentum to the East thirty five West of Terra Nova Dragone Draco a small River in Campagnia in Italy which riseth in Mount Vesuvius and washing the City of Nocera falleth into Sarno a River which divideth the Principatus Citerior from the Terra di Lavoro and endeth in the Bay of Naples eleven Miles South of Naples Dragonara once a Bishops See now a small Village 7 Miles from S. Severina in Naples to the West Dracone See Orontes Dragonera Colubraria or Moncolibre a small desert Rock or Island between Majorca and Valentia which has its Names from the Snakes and Serpents that only inhabit it Draguignan Draguinianum Dracenae one of the best situated Towns in Provence in France in the Diocese of Frejus adorned with a Collegiate Church and divers Religious Houses Its Arms are observable being a Dragon with this Motto Alios nutrio meos devoro Drangiana regio an ancient Province of the Kingdom of Persia in the most Eastern part thereof now called Sigistan or Sitsistan It s principal Cities were Ariaspe and Propthasia Dravaniza See the Vistula The Drave or Dravus called
a Castle taken by the Swedes and granted them by a Treaty in 1658. but in 1660. the Danes again recovered it The Country about is called the Government or Prefecture of Drontheim granted to the Swedes with the City but since recovered with it too This is the largest Prefecture in Norway reaching from North to South five hundred Miles and from West to East one hundred Droses Jernus a River of Conaught in the County of Clare which falls into the Bay of Shannon at Dinghanbeg Dinga East of Clare two Miles Le Drot Drotius a River in Aquitaine in France which ariseth at Montpasier ten Miles North-West of Cahors and running West falls into the Garrone over against Bazas nine Miles East of Bourdeaux Druidae Druides the Priests of the antient Gauls compared by Laertius with the Magi Gymnosophistae and Philosophers of Persia India and Greece for their pretensions to Learning and Piety and Authority over the people of whose Superstitions they were the Authors as of their affairs publick or private the Arbitrators The Eugabes of Ammianus Marcellinus the Saronides of Diâ—d Siculus and the Semnotheoi of others were several Orders of these Priests according as they applyed themselves either to the services of the Altar or to the Contemplation of the Works of Nature In the former they made Sacrifices of Men till the Emperors Angustus Tiberius and Claudius by repeated Interdicts at last broke them of that barbarity Their other they delivered to the publick in thousands of Verses unwritten only committed to Memory and passing the course of Ages by Tradition Their name of Druides some derive from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of a particular esteem they had for an Oak Some from Deru in the Celtick Language of the same signification They had a Chief Priest over them in the nature of a Soveraign Pontiff And we read the Gauls were so possessed by them with the belief of the immortality of the soul that they would lend mony in this world upon condition to be paid in the next Valer. Max. The Town Dreux in Normandy is supposed to be so called from these Druides Drummore Drummoria a City in the County of Lowth in the Province of Vlster in Ireland upon the River Lagang with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh Druses Druzes Drusi a people living in Grots and Caverns about the Mountain Libanus in Asia and onwards as far as to the Dead Sea following in Religion the Institutions of one Isman or Ismael a Prophet pretended which allow them to marry with their own Children or Sisters or Brothers and to live in perfect liberty from all such like precepts and ties as are in use amongst the Jews Christians and Mahometans They Traffick with the French Merchants for Silks and say they are descended from the French that went to the Conquest of the Holy Land with Godfrey of Bouillon being after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187. forced for safety to retire hither under the command of one of the House of Dreux Drut Dara a River of Carmania in Persia It falls into the Persian Gulph over against the City of Ormus having passed between Fafa and Chabon Duare a strong Fortress of Dalmatia upon a Hill not far from Almissa Taken from the Turks by the Venetians in 1646. and soon after lost again In 1652. retaken and demolished Whereupon the Turks to hinder the Incursions of the Morlaques out of Croatia rebuilt it yet in 1684. the Morlaques forced it and there is now a Venetian Garrison in it Dublin Dublinum in Irish Balacleigh the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ireland in the Province of Leinster in a County of the same Name upon the River Leffy which is the noblest River in all this Kingdom and maketh a Capacious Haven here at about twenty Leagues distance from Holyhead in Wales This City is called EBLANA by Ptolemy When or by whom it was first built is not known but old it must needs be by its being mentioned by him Saxo Grammaticus acquaints us how much it suffered by the Danes it was afterwards under Edgar King of England and Harald Harfager King of Norway In the year 1151. P. Eugenius III. made it an Archbishops See with the Title and Jurisdiction of a Primacy Henry II. having Conquered Ireland sent hither from Bristol a Colony whereby it began to Flourish more and more and became the Capital of the Kingdom the Seat of the Lieutenant the Courts of Justice and their Parliaments strengthened with a Castle on the East side built by Henry Loundres a Bishop in 1220. and near it there was a Royal Palace built by Henry II. King of England It has a College for Students which is an University of it self founded by Q. Elizabeth in in 1591. This was attempted before by Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin who in 1320. obtained from the Pope a Bull for it but the troublesome times that followed defeated that good design then at the North Gate is a Bridge of hewen Stone built by King John It has a Cathedral of great antiquity Dedicated to S. Patrick the Apostle of the Irish Nation and built at several times in which are a Dean two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries there is another fair Collegiate Church in the City called Christs Church built in 1012. and about thirteen Parochial ones In more ancient times this City was Governed by a Provost but in 1409. Henry IV. granted them License to choose every year a Mayor and two Bailiffs changed into Sheriffs by Edward IV. thus far Cambden King Charles II. honored them with a Lord Mayor This City escaping the fury of the Massacre was besieged by the Parliament Forces and by the Duke of Ormond by the Kings Order delivered to the English rather than the Irish Rebels for they were now united against their King and when afterwards June 21. 1649. he indeavoured to recover it his Army was broken by a Sally and totally defeated and this City continued in their Hands till 1660. It has been extraordinarily enlarged in its Buildings in the twenty years last past The County of Dublin is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea on the West with the County of Kildare on the South by the little Territories of O Tooles and O. Brians on the North by the County of Meath and a small River called Nanny The Soil is fruitful as to every thing but Wood so that they use Sea-Coal and Turf for their Fewel It is well Inhabited Rich full of excellent Sea-Port Towns Ducey a Town of Normandy upon the River Ardee in the Diocese of Auranches Ducy a Town of Normandy betwixt Caen and S. Lo in the Diocese of Bayeux Duderstad Duderstadium a Town in the Dukedom of Brunswick upon the River Wipper eight Miles from Cassel to the North-East This Town though in the Duchy of Thuringia has belonged to the Elector of Mentz ever since 1365 and is the Capital of the Territory of Eichfeld Dudley a Market Town in
between the British Sea to the West the Garonne to the North and East and Spain to the South and was the ancient Aquitania and afterwards Novempopulonia that is the third part properly of the antient Aquitania in the division of the Emperour Augustus corrected by Adrian See Aquitaine It had this Name from the Gascoignes or Vascones a Spanish People which setled here and were Conquered by Theodebert and Theodorick Kings of France at last totally subdued by Dagobert another King of that Nation but ascribed by the Chronologers to Aribert a Contemporary King in 634. This Name is sometimes taken for all Gascony or the Generalité de Guienne or de Bourdeaux divided at present into eleven Parts Bourdelois Bazadois Condomois Armagnac Bearn Gascogne Basques Bigorre Comminges Baionne and Albret This Country for a long time belonged to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine It came in 1152. to Henry II. King of England in the Right of Eleanor his Wife Though King John was adjudged to have forfeited this and all his other Dominions in France by the pretended Murther of Arthur whereupon the French entered and in 1203. and 1204. Conquered Main Angiers and Normandy King John's Subjects not well agreeing with him yet in 1206. he made one Expedition to Rochel and took Mount Alban whereby he preserved Gascony And though his Son lost Rochel to the French in 1224. yet in 1225. by his Brother Richard Earl of Cornwal he reduced the Rebellious Gascoignes to Obedience and in 1242. attempted to recover Poictou but with no good success In 1259. for a Sum of Money given him by Lewis IX he resigned Normandy Main and Anjou reserving to himself Gascony Limosin and Aquitain in consideration whereof he was to have fifty thousands Crowns and from henceforward they were stiled Dukes of Guienne in the Possession of this the Kings of England continued till the twenty ninth Year of the Reign of Henry VI. which was the Year of our Lord 1452. when the Weakness of that Prince and the good Fortune of Charles VII deprived the English of all their Possessions in France ever since which time Gascony has been in the hands of the French It is observed as the French change the Letters V and W into G in the words Galles for Wales and Gascoigne for Vasconia so particularly the Gascoigners interchange the Letters V and B with one another in giving the same pronunciation to both Therefore says Joseph Scaliger of them Foelices populi quibus bibere est vivere Gastinois Vostinum a Territory in the Isle of France towards la Beauce between the Rivers of Estampes and Vernison to the West the River Yonne which separates it from Senonois on the East and the Territory of Puysaie and Auxerrois to the South The principal Town is Montargis thirteen Miles South of Paris Gath a City of Palestine upon the Frontiers of the Tribe of Juda towards the Syrian Sea seated on a hill It was one of the five Satrapies of the Philistines and the birth place of Goliah Gattinara a Town in the Principality of Piedmont advanced to the dignity of an Earldom by the Emperor Charles V. Gatton an ancient Borough Town in the County of Surrey and the Hundred of Reygate which elects two Members of Parliament Roman Coyns have been often digged up here Le Gave de Oleron Gabarus Oloronensis a River of Bearn which ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills from two Springs le Gave de Aspe to the West and le Gave de Osseau to the East which unite at the City of Oleron in Bearn and running Westward beneath Sauveterre it takes in from the South le Gave del Saison which comes from Mauleon beneath which it falls into le Gave de Pau a River of Aquitain which arising in Bigorre more East than the former but out of the Pyrenean Hills also at a Place called Bains de Bareâ—ge and running North-West by Pau in Bearn as far as Ourtes turns Westward and taking in Gave de Oleron falls into the Adour less than five Miles beneath Dax and four above Baionne to the East Gavot a small Territory in Vallais or Wallisserlandt one of the Suisse Cantons Comte de Gaure a County of France in Aquitaine in Armaignac between Lomagne Gimont and Condom the principal Town in it is Verdun four Miles from Tolouse to the North and about eight from Aux to the East Gaures Ghiaours or Ghiabers a numerous People dispersed about the Indies and the Kingdom of Persia in the Provinces particularly of Kherman where stands their principal Temple and Hyerach of a different Institution in Religion from all the World besides following the Scriptures of one Ebrahim zer Ateucht a Prophet pretended before the time of Alexander the Great and as tho they retained something of the old Religion of the Persians they have such a Veneration for Fire especially what the Priest consecrates that they take the most solemn Oaths before it The Persian Proverb upon these People it A Ghiaber may worship the Fire a hundred years yet if he falls into it but once it will certainly burn him Gazara Gaza a City of Palestine in Asia which belonged anciently to the Tribe of Judah as appears by the Sacred Scriptures it was the fifth Satrapy of the Philistines seated near the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea on the Confines of Idumaea towards Egypt Conquered by Judah Judg. 1. 18. but not long enjoyed Made famous by Samson Pharaoh King of Egypt gave it a second Name Gen. xlvii 1. Alexander the Great totally ruined it In the times of the Machabees a new Gaza arose which in those of Christianity was made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Caesarea The Grecians finding Gaza signified a Treasury in the Persian Tongue thought the Persians under Cambyses had given it this name Alexander the son of Aristobulus took the New Gaza and demolished it but no Alexander could so ruine this City but it would recover again Augustus annexed this Gazara and Hippon to Syria and in the time of Constantine the Great it was called Constantia from a Sister of that Prince The Saracens possessed themselves of it in the year of our Lord 633. three years before they took Jerusalem by whom it is now called Gaza Gazara and Aza Here our Authors divide as to its present State Baudrand saith it is little yet divided into two parts the Upper and Lower and that it has a Prince of its own though he is subject to the Turks called the Emir or Pacha de Gaza who is Master of it and the Neighbouring Country but Jo. Bunon saith it is great and twice as big as Jerusalem This City had a Port called Majuma Our Sandys in his Travels lib. 3. p. 116. saith it is seated upon a Hill environed with Valleys and those again well nigh inclosed with Hills most of them planted with all sorts of delicate Fruits the Buildings mean both for Form and Matter the best of rough Stone arched within and flat
of a different both Stature and Humour from the rest of France which is not much to be wondered at considering the English Nation for three hundred years together were possess'd of this Country See Gascoigne The principal Rivers of it are the Garonne and the Dordonne which meet at Retraicte and in one Channel fall into the Ocean The chief Cities are Bourdeaux Baionne and Dax or D'Acqs Guienne is thought to be but a Corruption of Aquitania which was the Roman Name for it then enlarged to a sar greater Extent Guilan or Guilao the Hyrcanian Sea Guilford the Capital Town of the County of Surrey in the Hundred of Woking which returns two Members to the House of Commons It is pleasantly situated upon the River Wey containing three Parishes well frequented accommodated and handsom The Saxon Kings had a Royal Mansion here in whose time it was a Place of greater Extent The Ruins of a large old Castle near the River remain yet to be seen In the year 1660. King Charles II created Elizabeth Viscountess of Kinelmalky in Ireland Countess of this Place for her Life In 1674. the Title of Earl of Guilford was granted by the same King to John Maitland the late Duke of Lautherdale in Scotland After whom the late Lord Francis North received the Title of Baron Guilford from the same King also S. Guillain Gislenopolis a Town in Hainault which has a Monastery belonging to it Taken by the French in 1654. and retaken by the Spaniards in 1656. Guimaranes Catraleucos Vimananum Egita Araduca once a City and frequently mentioned as such now a small Village in Entre Douero è Minho in Portugal three Leagues from Braga towards the East This was the Place where S. Damasus one of the ancient Popes was born Guinee Guinea a very great Country on the Western Shoars of Africa which by the Portuguese the first Discoverers of it is divided into two Parts the Upper and the Lower The Upper Guinee is bounded with Nigritia on the North the Atlantick Ocean on the South and has the Kingdom of Congo on the East and the Mountains of Leon on the West It is a very fruitful Country in Gold Ivory Sugar Cotton Rice c. of a great Extent from East to West and much frequented by the European Ships It is divided into three Parts Guinee properly so called which lies in the middle Malâ—gueta which lies to the West and the Kingdom of Beni which lies to the East § Guinee properly so called is a very large Country in Africa upon the Shoars of the Ocean between Malegueta to the West from which it is separated by the Cape of Palmes and the Kingdom of Beni to the East from which it is divided by the River de la Volta It is divided into la Coste d'or which lies East between the Rivers Asien and la Volta and la Coste des Dents which lies West between the Cape of Palmes and the River Asien by which it is parted from the former On the Coste d'or are many Castles belonging to the English Swedes Danes and Hollanders This Country was discovered in 1365. by the French as is pretended Baudrand But in the dismal Wars between the English and French under Charles VI and VII they were forc'd to omit the Prosecution of this Navigation Hofman It is much more probable and better attested that it was discovered in 1452 by Henry Duke of Visco Son of John I. King of Portugal But then the Spaniards in 1477. pursued this Discovery and till 1479 excluded the first Discoverers who regaining the Trade in the Island of S. George built he the strong Fort or Town of Mina in 1486. to secure their Trade there for the future and command all the rest of this Coast Which was the first Place built by the Europeans on this Coast New-Guinee this Country has not been hitherto so far discovered as that we know whether it be an Island or a Part of the Continent of the Terra Australis It is separated from Terra de Papaous which lies East of Ceram and Gilolo in the East-Indies in 51 deg of Southern Lat. by a narrow Straight of the Sea Guinegat a small Town in Artois made famous by a great Defeat of the French Forces by the Flandrians in 1479. by which Victory Maximilian the Emperor then married to Mary the Daughter of Charles the Hardy the last Duke of Burgundy recovered Tournay out of the Hands of the French and settled the Low-Countries in the House of Austria It lies three French Miles from S Omar to the South the same from Renty to the East and two from Ayre to the West Guines a fine Town two Miles East of Calais and the Capital of a County of the same Name having Boulonois on the South and East Terre d'Oye on the North and the German Sea or Streights of Calais on the East This County was of old a Part of Boulonois and the Town belonged then to Picardy King Edward III. of England possessed himself of both in 1351. to whom afterwards they were confirmed by a Treaty in 1360. And in the Reign of Charles VI. of France lost again to that Crown Guipuscoa Ipuscoa now a Province but once a Kingdom in Spain In the middle Times annexed to the Kingdom of Navar but now separated from it and united to Biscay By which it is bounded on the West on the South it has Aâ—ava on the North the Bay of Biscay and the Kingdom of Navar on the East The principal Cities in it are Tolosa which is the Capital S. Sebastian and Fontarabie It is about thirty six Miles in Compass anciently peopled by the Cantabri a hardy and a valiant People This Country was wrested from the Crown of Navar in 1079. by Alphonsus I King of Castile but it was restored again and continued under that Crown till 1200. when it revolted to Castile again and ever since it has been united to Biscay Guir Dirus a River of Mauritania Guise Guisa Guisia a Town in Picardy in France in the Territory of Tierache which has a Castle seated upon the River Oise in the Confines of Hainault nine Miles from Cambray to the South five from la Fere to the North-East and about seventeen from Amiens to the East This Town was besieged by the Spaniards without any Success in 1650. But that which made it most remarkable was the Dukes of Guise who in former times had a very great Hand in all the Affairs of France from the Reign of Francis I. to that of Henry IV. This Family was a Branch of the House of Lorrain advanced by Francis I. in 1528. from Counts or Earls of Guise which was their Inheritance to Dukes of the same Place The first thus raised was Claude the Son of Renate II. He had eight Sons of which were Francis Duke of Guise Claudius Duke of Aumale and Renatus Marquess of Ellebove Francis became very famous by his defence of Mets against Charles V.
that Tract of Land that was possessed heretofore by the Jazyges Metanastae a Sarmatian People and part of Pannonia Superior and Inferior Wonderfully fruitful yielding Corn and Grass in abundance the latter exceeding when at its greatest length the height of a Man it abounds so in Cattle that it is thought alone to be able to serve all Europe with Flesh and they certainly send yearly into Germany eighty thousand Oxen. They have Deer Partridges and Pheasants in such abundance that any body that will may kill them They have Mines of Gold Silver Tin Lead Iron and Copper store of River or Fresh-water Fish and Wines equal in goodness to those of Candia The People are Hardy Covetous Warlike but Slothful and Lazy not much unlike the Irish Their best Scholar was St. Jerome Their best Soldiers Johannes Huniades and Matthias Corvinus The principal Rivers are the Danube which divides this Kingdom from end to end the Savus the Dravus and the Tibiscus they have one famous Lake called the Balaton which is forty Italian Miles in length The principal Cities are Buda or Offen Presburgh Alba-Regalis and Caschaw The Hungarians are a Tribe of the Scythians or Tartars which in the times of Arnulphus Emperour of Germany possessed themselves of Transylvania and the Vpper Hungary under Lewis IV. Successor to Arnulphus they passed the Danube wasted all Germany Italy Greece Sclavonia and Dacia till broken by the Forces of Germany and sweetned by the Christian Religion first taught them under King Stephen about 1016. by Albert Archbishop of Prague they became more quiet and better civilized This Stephen began his Reign in 1000. This Race of Kings continued to 1302. in twenty three Descents when Charles Martel Son of Charles King of Naples and Mary Daughter to Stephen IV. King of Hungary partly by Election partly by Inheritance and Conquest succeeded to this Crown to him succeeded Lewis his Nephew in 1343. Charles II. another of his Descendents in 1383. Sigismund Emperour King of Bohemia in the Right of Mary his Wife Eldest Daughter of Lewis in 1387. Albert of Austria in the Right of Elizabeth his Wife Daughter of Sigismond in 1438. Vladislaus Son of Albert and Elizabeth in 1444. Matthias Corvinus Son of Johannes Huniades by Election in 1458. Vladislaus II. Son of Cassimir IV. King of Poland and of Elizabeth Daughter of Albert in 1491. Lewis II. slain in the Battel of Mohatz succeeded in 1517. and was slain in 1527. John Sepusio Vaiwode of Transylvania chosen upon his Death succeeded that year but was outed by Ferdinand restored by Solyman the Turk and at last died in 1540. The Hungarians Crowned Stephen his Son an Infant in the Cradle but Solyman seized the best part of his Kingdom under pretence of defending it against Ferdinand of Austria and Ferdinand the rest so that ever since this wretched Kingdom has been a Stage of War between the Austrian and the Ottoman Families The former at this time having recovered from the latter all the Lower Hungary and all Tameswaer in the Vpper The Reader may be pleased to know that all that part of Hungary which lies on the West and North of the Danube is called the Lower Hungary what lies on the East and South the Vpper This Kingdom is divided into fifty five Counties three and twenty of which in the beginning of this last War were in the Hands of the Turks and the rest in the Emperor's It has also two Archbishops Sees Gran Strigonium and Colocza thirteen Bishopricks six under the first and seven under the latter Hungerford a Market Town in Berkshire in the hundred of Kentbury upon the River Kennet Hunni the ancient Inhabitants of the Marshes of the Maeotis who for the sake of a better Country to live in invaded Pannonia in great numbers and thence under Attila their King who stiled himself the Scourge of God marched victoriously into Germany Italy and France till Aetius General of the Romans and Meroveus King of France slew 200000 of them in one Battel in 450. Then they retired into Pannonia again and maintain'd themselves in divers Wars At length the Hungarians a Scythian race appeared about the end of the Reign of Charles the Gross and expelled them Huntingdonshire is bounded on the North by the River Avon or Afon which parts it from Lincolnshire on the West by Northamptonshire on the South by Bedfordshire and on the East by Cambridgeshire The North-East parts of it are Fenny but yield plenty of Grass for feeding of Cattle The rest is very pleasant fruitful of Corn rising into Hills and shady Groves The whole indeed was one Forest till Henry II. in the beginning of his Reign disforested it The Town of Huntingdon which gives Name to the County is seated upon the North side of the River Ouse somewhat high and stretcheth out it self in length to the Northward it has four Churches in it a fair Bridge of Stone over the River and near it is the Mount or Plot of an ancient Castle now ruined built by Edward the Elder in the Year 917. Which King David of Scotland who had this County with the Title of an Earl from King Stephen of England for an Augmentation of his Estate in the Year 1135. enlarged with new Buildings and Bulwarks but Henry II. finding great Inconveniences from it razed it to the Ground This was a very considerable Town in the times of Edward the Confessor and perhaps greater than now The first Earl of Huntingdon was Waltheof Created in 1068. two years after the Conquest he being beheaded Simon de Lyze who Married Maud the Daughter of Waltheof was made Earl in 1075. David Prince of Scotland her second Husband was the next Earl in 1108. It continued in this Family of Scotland till 1219. but it is now in the Family of the Hastings George Lord Hastings and Hungerford being by Henry VIII Created Earl of Huntingdon in the Year 1529. Theophilus Hastings the present Earl succeeded his Father in the Year 1655. and is the seventh Earl of this Noble Family Huquang a very large Province in the middle of the Kingdom of China counted the seventh in number but in extent one of the greatest its greatest length is from North to South being bounded on the North by Honan on the East by Nankim and Kiamsi on the South by Quamtum and on the West by Queycheu and Suchen It contains fifteen Cities an hundred and eighteen great Towns five hundred thirty one thousand six hundred eighty six Families The greatest City is Vuchang The great River of Kiam crosseth it and divides it and in the middle of this Province it receiveth two other great Rivers one from the North and the other from the South whose Names I cannot assign And these three Rivers form at their meeting a very considerable Lake between the Cities of Kincheu and Yocheu The Chinese call it also Jumichiti and the Granary of China for its abundance As to which they have a Proverb that the
in 1537. and was presently suppressed taken and beheaded with his five Uncles In 1539. O-Neal began another Rebellion but so soon as Thomas Earl of Sussex Lord Lieutenant came against him with an Army the Gentleman grew humble submitted and was pardoned He flew out again in 1563. burnt the Cathedral of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but with no success In 1565. Sir Henry Sidney Lord Lieutenant went against him and in a Fight broke his Forces so that flying to the Scots whom he had likewise injured in 1567. he was assassinated in cold blood and presently after attained in Parliament and the Title of O-Neal abolished The Earl of Desmond was the next who in 1579. calling in the Spaniards began another Rebellion which ended ill for him the Spaniards being driven out the year after and this Earl taken and slain in 1583. In 1595. Tir-Oen who had done great Service against the Earl of Desmond and was highly favoured by Queen Elizabeth most ungratefully began a Rebellion the most dangerous of all the other this Earl having been bred in the Queens Service and learned Military Diâ—cipline from the English which he now made use of against them In 1598. he defeated the English at Blackwater In 1599. brought the Earl of Essex to condescend to a Treaty with him In 1601. he brought the Spaniards over to his Assistance who took and garrisoned Kinsale which was retaken by Sir Charles Blunt afterwards Lord Montjoy and the Spaniards totally driven out whereupon Tir-Oen submitted and was brought over by the Lord Lieutenant to King James I. in 1603. This War lasted eight years and might have proved fatal to the English if God had not prevented it After this I find no general Insurrection of the Irish till 1641. when seeing Charles I. engaged in War with the Scots at home they on a sudden rose up and assassinated two hundred thousand English in a few days when no body suspected any such thing This Insurrection began September 3. The Troubles of England gave them some respit but in 1649. and fifty Oliver Cromwell began their Chastisement so effectually that Ireton and those he left to carry it on erected mournful Trophies of the Divine Vengeance against them with no great expence of Time Blood or Treasure it missed but a little that the Irish Name and Nation had been totally extirpated Charles II. upon his Restitution in 1660. shewed them more Mercy restored such as had any pretences of Loyalty to plead for their Estates and governed them all his time with so much Clemency that this Nation never was in a better State since they fell under the English than at the time of the Death of that Good Prince Irenopolis an ancient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor Afterwards called Neronias and made an Episcopal See some write under the Archbishop first of Selencia then of Anazarbus Others place an Episcopal City of this Name near Babylon under the Patriarch of Antioch Iris Eurotas a River in the Morea which washeth Misitra and falls into the Gulph di Colochina on the South side of the Morea It is now called Vasilipotamo or Basilipotamo that is the Kings River § Another in Cappadocia understood by Valerius Flaccus where he says longisque sluens amfractibus Iris now called Casalmach See Casalmach Irneo Vindius Hirmius a Ledge of Mountains in Spain commonly called El monte de las Asturas the Mountain of the Asturas which is a Branch of the Pyrenean Hills running out to the West between the Asturas to the North and the Kingdom of Leon to the South the greatest is called Irneo or Erneo and also Cueto de Hano or Ori. Iroquois a valiant Nation of Indians in New France in the North America They have maintained divers bloody Wars with the French there and are the particular Enemies of the Hurons another salvage people of the same Country Irus a Mountain mentioned by Arrian upon the Shoars of the River Indus towards Gedrosia Is an ancient Town of Susiana in Asia eight days journey from Babylon upon a River of the same Name which discharges its Streams into the Euphrates Both remembred by Herodotus and Stephanus Isauria a Province according to the ancient division of Asia Minor now thrown into a part of Caramania and subject to the Turks It s Capital City was Isauropolis or Isauria by Ammianus Marcellinus called Claudiopolis now Saura Publius Servilius first reduced this Province under the Dominion of the Romans whence he attained the Title of Isauricus Claudian thus mentions them and him Indomites curru Servilius egit Isauros Historians write of their Incursions into the Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth Centuries Iscariot a Village of the Tribe of Ephraim or as others say Dan in Palestine not far from Samaria to the East The Birth-place of the traiterous Judas Ischar Jatrus a River of Bulgaria which riseth out of Mount Hemus and watering Ternova a City of that Province falls into the Danube at Suistefo It is the third River from the Western Border and now more usually called Iantra Ischeboli or Ischepoli Scopelus an Inland City of Thrace made a Bishops See by Leo the Emperour under the Archbishop of Adrianople I suppose it is the same with that which is now called Ipsola Ischia Aenaria Inarime Pithecusa an Island on the Coast of the Kingdom of Naples near the Bay of Puteolum not above three Miles from the Shoar to the West It s Circuit is of twenty Miles of old called Inarime and by the Greeks Pithecusa It has a City of the same Name well fortified with a Castle built on a Rock in which Ferdinando King of Naples found shelter during the storm brought upon him by Charles VIII of France who in 1495. conquered this whole Kingdom in a few days This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Naples eighteen Miles from Naples to the West Claudius Nepos a Frenchman in 1586. published an exact Map and Description of this Island which is inserted into the Description of Italy published by Antonius Maginus Iscodar the Turkish Name of Scutari or Scodra Idenstein a County in Weteraw a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine between Hassia to the East and the Rhine to the West by some Isembourg Isakal Lein Alschemes Busiris Ramesses a ruined old City in Egypt within the Delta the ruins of which are so called Isenberg Isidis Mons a Mountain in Schwaben near Ausburgh Isendyck Isendium a small but strong Town upon the Sea Coast in Flanders over against Biervliet a Town belonging to the Hollanders This Town stands upon the Scheld three French Leagues from Sluys to the East and something above four from Middleburgh to the South and was fortified by the Spaniards against the Dutch Isenach See Eysenach Isenghien Isegemium a Castle in Flanders in the Territory of Courtray which gives the Title of an Earl or Count to the Family of Vilnia It is now under the French two Leagues from Courtray towards Bruges
Centre of the County to which it gives name large well built and populous extending from the top of a high Hill where Lindum the old Roman Town stood its Ditches and Rampier being still visible a great way downwards unto the River In this Town the Valiant Britain Vortimer died in 456 being Poysoned by Rowena the Daughter of Hengist and Wife of Vortiger The Saxons after this ruined Lindum and built Lincoln nearer the River about the times when Paulinus first Preached the Christian Faith to them The Danes destroyed it twice In the time of Edward the Confessor here was one thousand and seventy Mansions In the Norman times no City in England was more Rich or Populous as Will. of Malmsbury acquaints us Will. the Conqueror thought fit to build here a very strong Castle upon the top of the Hill aforesaid to awe the Inhabitants Remigius Bishop of Dorchester near Oxon at the same time removed the Sea hither and built the Cathedral above the same Hill In the Reign of Edward III. it was made a Mart or Staple King Stephen was overcome and taken Prisoner near this City in 1140. Sept. 5. in a great Battel with Maud the Empress and afterwards at Bristol laid in Irons Henry III. had better success here when it being defended by the Barons against him under Prince Lewis in 1217. May 19. he took it forced Lewis to Flee to London and soon after into France Mr. Cambden observes that of fifty Churches standing within an hundred Years of his time there were only eighteen left It hath by times gone through all the calamities of Fire Sword and Earthquake Yet a large populous and well frequented place still and enjoying the greatest Diocese of any in the Kingdom as the Cathedral there called commonly the Minster is one of the stateliest Piles perhaps in Christendom It hath the privilege also of being a County Corporate whose Liberties extend about twenty Miles in compass with the title of the County of the City of Lincoln It s Long. 22. 52. Lat. 53. 12. Lincolnshire is bounded on the North by the Humber and the British Sea on the East by the same Sea and part of Norfolk on the South by Cambridge Northampton and Rutlandshire on the West by Leicester Nottingham and Yorkshire It is a very large County extending in length from North to South almost sixty Miles and carrying in some places thirty in breadth fruitful in Corn and Grass thick set with Towns and well watered with Rivers As the Humber the Trent which severs part of it from Nottinghamshire the Witham running a cross it the Woland and the Nen. The whole is divided into Lindsey to the Northward which takes up about one half Holland towards the Sea Southward and Kesteven West from thence which three divisions contain six hundred and thirty Parishes and thirty five Market Towns Here is plenty of Fowl and Fish The old Inhabitans were the Coritani The present Earl of this County is Edward Lord Clinton who succeeded in 1667 being the fifth of his Family that has born this Title and the sixteenth Earl Edward Fines Lord Clinton Lord Admiral having obtained this Honor from Qu. Elizabeth in 1565 before whose time the same title had passed through several Families by frequent interruptions Lincopen Lincopia Lingacopia a City of Sweden which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vpsal in Ostro-Gothia between Soderkoping to the East and Wadtena to the West twenty eight German Miles from Stockholm to the South-West and almost eight East from the Lake of Veter Long. 32. 48. Lat. 58. 3. The City is very small and inconsiderable We read of a Synod celebrated at it in 1148. under P. Eugenius III. It is also written Lindkeeping Lindaw Lindavia Lindavilum Philyra a City of Germany in the Circle of Schwaben in an Island in the Lake of Constance joined to the Continent by a Bridge two hundred and ninety Paces long It is an Imperial and Free City situate in the borders of Switzerland eight Miles from Constance to the North-East and grew up out of the ruins of Aeschach a place near to it Very strong both by its Site and by Art and therefore it the more easily repelled the Forces of Count Wrangel the Swedish General who in 1647. besieged it The beginning of this City was a Monastery built here by Adelbert Rorbuck a Kinsman of Charles the Great in 810. This occasioned the building of a Village and the Site being pleasant fruitful and convenient it grew up by degrees to a City at first subject to the Abbess after that to the Dukes of Schwaben obtaining its Privileges since from Rudolphus I. Frederick III. and Sigismond Lindo Lindus a Sea-Port Town in the Isle of Rhodes the Christian Inhabitants of which can bring about twenty good and large Ships into the Grand Seignior's Service Line a rivulet in Staffordshire upon which Newcastle stands thence commonly called Newcastle upon Line to distinguish it from Newcastle upon Tine Lindsey one of the three parts of the County of Lincoln containing all the Northern parts from the River Witham to the Humber and from the Ocean to Trent This was in 1626. by Charles I. made an Earldom and granted to Robert Bartie Lord Willoughby of Eresby Lord Great Chamberlain of England who died in the Bed of Honour at Edge-Hill October 23. 1642. being the King's General in that Battel The present Earl Robert Bartie the third of this Family succeeded in 1666. Lingen Lingo a strong Town in Westphalia which is the Capital of a County of the same Name under the Prince of Orange upon the River Ems forty five Miles from Munster to the North and fifty five from Emden to the South The County that belongs to it lies in the Bishoprick of Munster and is very small It belonged to the Spaniards in the time of Charles V. but is now in the hands of the Prince of Orange Linlithgo Linlithquo Lithquo Lindum a Town and a County in the South of Scotland The Town standeth on the South side of the Fyrth of Edenburgh twenty two Miles from that City to the West This Place as Mr. Cambden saith is called Lindum by Ptolemy and it takes its Name from a great Lake in this small County from which ancient the present Name is derived Linosa an Island of the Mediterranean Sea upon the Coast of Africa near Maltha It depends upon the Island of Maltha Linton a Market Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Chilford Lintz Aurelianum Lentia called by Aurelian Lyncia Lyncium and by some understood to be the Aredate of Ptolemy is the Capital City of the Vpper Austria small but populous seated upon the Danube over which it has a Bridge and in it a magnificent Castle whither the Emperors of the House of Austria have frequently retired for their Pleasure and Divertisement It stands six German Miles from Passaw to the East and twenty four from Vienna to the West Dr. Brown gives this account of
is very strongly fortified and has a Castle on a Hill upon the River Eger in the Confines of Misnia four Miles from Eger or Heb another City of Bohemia to the East eighteen from Prague and as many from Dresden Lomaigne Leomania a Tract or Country in Aquitain or Gascony the principal Town of which is Vi◠de Lomaigne it lies between the County of Armagnac Verdun and the Garonne by which it is parted from the County of Agenois Loman a River in Devonshire which falls into the Ex by Tiverton in that County Lombardy Lombardia Longobardia is a considerable Country in the North of Italy under which is contained the greatest part of Gallia Cisalpina It is divided into two the Higher and the Lower Lombardy In the Higher are Piedmont with what is annexed to it the Dukedoms of Milan and Montisferat in the Lower are the Dukedoms of Mantua Modena and Parma with the Western parts of the State of Venice viz. The Territories of Bergamo Brescia Cremona Verona and Vicenza also the Dukedoms of Ferrara with the Territory of Bononia or Bologna which are in the States of the Church and now under the Pope The Italians also divide it into Lombardia di qua dal Po and Lombardia di la dal Po i. e. Lombardy on each side the Po. This was that Kingdom of the Lombards Langobardi or Longobardi in Italy which Charles the Great ruined after he had at Pavie taken Desiderius their last King Prisoner The principal City of this Kingdom was Milan This Kingdom was erected in 578. Isaacson placeth its beginning in 393. with whom Helvicus agrees Agelmond being their first King before whom they had Dukes it continued so under eleven Princes that is in Pannonia or Hungary not in Italy They came into Italy in 568. And their Kingdom continued there under twenty one Princes till 774 when Carlous Magnus Dethroned as was said In all two hundred and six Years Lombez Lombaria or Lumbaria a small City in Aquitain in France in the County of Cominges upon the River Sava which falls into the Garonne four Miles beneath Tolose Lombes stands five Leagues from the Garonne to the North eight from Aux to the South-East and ten from Tolose to the South-West Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII who at the same time erected its ancient Abbey into a Cathedral under the Archbishop of Tolose in 1317. But little and not well inhabited The Albigenses were excommunicated in a Council here Lombura the Indus Lomond and Lough Lomond Lomandus is a great Lake in the South of Scotland in the County of Lenox between Menteith to the East and Argile to the West In length from North to South twenty Miles ten in breadth from East to West in some places in others three and four It is only four Miles from Dunbritown to the North and a little more from its Fyrth the River Levin empties it into the Fyrth There is in it sixteen small Islands Lon Lone or Lunne a River of Lancashire upon which Lancaster and Hornby are situated and Kirkby Lonsdale in the County of Westmorland It ends in the Irish Sea London Londinum Augusta Trinobantum the Capital City of the Kingdom of England or rather three Cities united into one Its length from East to West from Lime-house to the further end of Mill-bank in Westminster coming to 7500 Geometrical paces i. e. seven measured Miles and an half at a thousand paces a Mile Its breadth from the further end of Whitechappel-street to St. George's Fields in Southwark near three Miles It is first mentioned by Tacitus afterwards by Ammianus Marcellinus who calls it Augusta Stephanus de Vrbibus Lindonium Bede and Sigebert call it Lindona the English London the Saxons Lundain the French Londres the Germans Londen and the Italians Londra It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Canterbury seated in the County of Middlesex upon the Thames a noble navigable River over which it has a Bridge of nineteen Arches built with Houses on both sides and of late enlarged as to the Passage This is also the Royal City the Seat of the Kings of England and has been so for many years Therefore called the King of Englands Chamber It is situate in a rich and plentiful Soil abounding with plenty of all things and on the gentle ascent of an Hill on the North Side of the Thames By whom or when it was first built is now unknown Tacitus saith that in Nero's time about the Year of Christ 66 it was Copia Negotiatorum Commeatu maximè celebre A place of great resort for Commerce and famous for plenty of provisions But London was then near a great Calamity for Boadicia Queen of the Iceni being provoked by the Injuries of the Romans to assemble the Britains fell first upon Camalodunum now Maldon in Essex and taking it by surprize that year put all the Romans to the Sword Petilius Cerealis coming up with the ninth Legion was defeated and all his Foot put to the Sword too the Horse hardly escaping In the Interim Suetonius the Roman Propraetor or Governor who was then conquering the Isle of Anglesey comes up to London and was at first almost resolved to make it the Seat of War but finding reasons to alter this Resolve he marched away to S. Albans so Boadicia who was not far off came up and put all She found in the Town to the Sword and soon after treats S. Albans in the same manner in which three places She destroyed seventy thousand Romans and their Allies This City soon recovered this Blow and was afterward as famous as ever In the Year of Christ 292 it was in danger of being Sack'd by the Franks if an unexpected Arrival of some Roman Forces had not accidentally preserved it even when the Franks were actually in Possession of it Soon after this Constantine the Great is said to have Walled it In 313 we find Restitutus Bishop of London at the Council of Arles in France subscribing after Eborius Bishop of York Bede is very positive that it was then an Archbishops See Mr. Cambden is of opinion it was delivered up to the Saxons under Hengist their first King by Vortigern about the Year of Christ 463. Tho this changed the state of things and ruined Christianity yet London continued in all this Storm a considerable Mart or Sea-Port in 610. S. Paul's Church was built or rather rebuilt and assigned to the Uses of Christianity by Athelbert King of Kent Miletus was made the first Bishop of London after the Conversion of the Saxons in 604 the Metropolitick See being removed by Augustin the Monk then from London to Canterbury About the Year 701 Offa King of the East-Angles enlarged and endowed the Church of Westminster which is since become another City joined to London In the Year 854 this City fell into the Hands of the Danes who Sacked it and Canterbury coming then with a Fleet of two hundred and fifty Ships In 1012
12. Lat. 50. 50. Maesta Mapha a City in Arabia Foelix Magadoxo a City on the East of Africa in the Kingdom of Zanguebar which has a strong Castle and a convenient Port. This City lies four hundred and fifty Miles South from the Mouth of the Red Sea In Long. 70 00. Lat. 02. 40. The Portuguese have treated it severely Magareb the Atlantick Ocean Magdeburg Mesujum Parthenopolis Magdeburgum a great City and an Archbishops See the Metropolis of the Lower Saxony upon the Elbe the Capital of a Territory of the same name a Hanse Town and an Imperial Free City ever since 940. Which still retains its Freedom and Liberty though under the Protection of its own Archbishop and the Elector of Brandenburg who had the adjacent Territory assigned to him with the Title of a Dukedom by the Peace of Munster after the death of the present Administrator or Archbishop This City imbraced the Reformation in 1567. upon which account it has suffered very much since It lies twelve Miles from Wittenburg to the North-West a little more from Wolffenbuttel to the East and nine from Halberstadt to the same In Long. 33. 53. Lat. 52. 18. commonly called Meydburg that is Maids-Town Ptolemy calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and most believe it to be the Mesuium in Antoninus but however the present Pile was built by Otho I. Emperour of Germany at the request of Editha his Wife Daughter of Edmund King of England about 940. Which Lady was afterwards buried in this City It was for some time the Seat of the Empire fortified with Walls Rampires Towers and a deep Trench so that Charles V. in 1549. could proscribe and spoil its Territories but not take it In 1631. it was taken by Du Tilly the Emperors General being suddenly surrounded by an Army when they did not expect it nor had made those Preparations requisite of Men Victuals and Ammunition the want of which last was the principal cause of its being taken by Storm May 10. after a Siege of great sharpness for fifteen Months and being set on fire to fright the Inhabitants from the defence of it the fire prevailed so far above the intentions of the Incendiaries that the whole City was laid wast The Duke of Saxony retook it in 1636. In 1666. it was again forced by the Arms of the Duke of Brandenburg to accept Augustus Duke of Saxony for its Administrator or Archbishop The Archbishoprick of Magdeburg now turned into a Dukedom is a very small Province of Germany in the Lower Saxony Bounded on the North with the old Marquisate of Brandenburgh on the East with the middle Marquisate on the South with Anhault and Halberstadt and with the Dukedom of Brunswick on the West The Capital of it is Magdeburg Magdeburg a Castle of Germany in the Upper Circle of the Rhine in the Bishoprick of Spire in 1517. sold by Vlricus Duke of Wirtemburg to Philip Electoral Bishop of Spire It is also called Madenburg Magellanica a Country in South America of great extent toward that Pole On the North it has the Countries of Cili Tacumania and Paragua on the South the Streights of Magellan and le Maire on the West the Atlantick and on the East the Pacifick Ocean This together with the Streights took its name from Ferdinando Magalhaens a Portuguese who in 1520. in the name of the King of Spain discovered it His Ship came home but he was slain in the East-Indies and this was the first Ship that ever Sailed round the Globe of the Earth which has since been done by Sir Francis Drake Cavendish and several others Magellanica is little known and less inhabited by any of the European Nations for the present Magi the Philosophers and Priests of the ancient Persians famous for their application to the knowledge of the Stars and their introduction of a natural Theology from thence upon the belief of one Supreme Divinity Their esteem in Persia was so great that when K. Cambyses went in Person to the War in Egypt he left the Government of his Estates in his absence to one of these Magi called Patizithes who after the sudden death of Cambyses established by a cheat Smerdis another Magus Brother to Patizithes upon the Throne of the Empire in the room of Smerdis Brother to Cambyses Magiar Hungary Magna-vacca Caprusia one of the Mouths of the River Po which separating from the Branch called di Volana at Ferrara falls into the Adriatick Sea at Comachio between Po di Primaro to the South and Po di Volana to the North. Magnesia in Lydia see Manissa In Caria see Mangresia § Also an ancient Province of Macedonia and a Promontory now otherwise called Capo Verlichi and Capo di San Georgio Magog Persia Magonza Moguntia See Mentz Magra Cinyphus Macres a River of Africa Magra Macra a River in Italy which was heretofore the boundary of Liguria to the South It ariseth in the Apennine Hills in the limits of the Dukedom of Parma and running Southward by Pontremoli being augmented with the Verra Vla and some other it watereth a Valley called by its own name and passing through the States of Genoua a little above Serezana falls into the Ligurian Sea sixty five Miles East of Genoua thirty five North-West of Lucca Lucan mentions this River in his Second Book Magarah Pharos a small but celebrated Island near Alexandria in Egypt Maguelone Magalone an ancient Roman City in the Lower Languedoc seated in a small Island in the Marshes so called on the Mediterranean Sea taken by the Saracens at their Entrance into France by Aquitain after their Conquest of Spain in 730 retaken and destroyed by Charles Martel about 735. or 736. for fear it should fall into the hands of the Saracens again And it lay in its Ruins till 1075. when its Bishop took some care to revive it but to small purpose The Bishops See being removed in 1536. to Montpelier this Town is almost totally desolate It had formerly Counts of its own to be its Governours But in 1215. P. Innocent III. invested the temporalities in the Church because Raymond VI. Earl of Tholouse then Earl of Maguelone espoused the cause of the Albigenses Mahara Nilus Maholech Delta the Lower part of Egypt enclosed by the Branches of the Nile Mahamora a Fortress upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Fez upon the River Suba on the Coast of the Atlantick Ocean in the Province of Fez but on the Confines of that of Asgar In Long. 10. 00. Lat. 33. 10. It has a good Harbor of great Reception and has been in the hands of the Portuguese ever since 1614. Mahometa or Machometa Adrumetum a City on the Coast of Africa mentioned by Pliny Mela and Ptolemy Heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Carthage now a strong Town on the Mediterranean in the Kingdom of Tunis seated upon the next Bay to that of Tunis to the East which is called the Gulph of Mahometa This place is also called
took this City and was therefore called BRITANNICVS He made it a Roman Colony planting in it a Regiment of old Soldiers and ordered Money to be Coined with this Inscription COL CAMALODVN Cambden saith from this Money it is Collected this Expedition was in the twelfth Year of his Reign fifty two years after the Birth of Christ Certain it is this City soon felt the fury of the Britains under Boadicia Qu. of the Iceni who took and burnt it and put all the Romans to the Sword about the Year of Christ sixty three Yet the Romans rebuilt it as appears by Antoninus Edward the Son of Alfred a Saxon King finding it much ruined by the Danes repaired and fortified it with a Castle William the Conqueror had here one hundred and eighty Houses in the Tenure of the Burgesses and eighteen wasted In Mr. Cambden's time it was a well inhabited Town consisting of one Street of a Mile in length built on the ridge of an Hill and having a convenient Haven Now not only a Corporation which sends two Burgesses to Parliament but also made a Viscounty the thirteenth of Charles II. and given to the late Earl of Essex The Maleas are a People which live in the Mountains of Malabar towards the Confines of Coromandel near the Dominions of the King of Madura Amongst them there live many Christians of the old Conversion called the Christians of S. Thomas Maleg a River of the Vpper Aethiopia which ariseth in the Kingdom of Damut and receiving the River Anquet after a Course of eighty Leagues falls into the Nile in Nubia below the Province of Fasculon Malaguette Mallaguete or Managuete the Western part of Guiney in Africa called by the Dutch Tand-Cust by the French Cote des Graives about 60 Leagues long extending from the River Sanguin to the Cape of Palmes which Cape separates it from Guinea propria It hath the reputation of a considerable place for the Pepper trade First planted with some Colonies of French and afterwards by the Portuguese English and Dutch Malemba a Kingdom of Africa betwixt the Kingdom of Angola and the Lake of Zembre Malespine a Marquisate and Souereignty in Tuscany in Italy near the States of Genoua The same properly with the ancient principality or now Dukedom of Massa belonging formerly to the Family of the Malespini which since has been incorporated with the House of Cibo Malfi Amalphis or Amalphi a City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Hither Principato honoured with an Archbishops See and a Dukedom but little and not well inhabited It lies on the North side of the Bay of Salerno eleven from Salerno to the West and twenty two from Naples to the South The Emperor Lotharius II. in the War he undertook in the behalf of Pope Innocent II. against Roger K. of Sicily and Anacletus an Antipope mastered and plundered this City They pretend that here are the Bones of St. Andrew the Apostle brought from Judea about the Year 1206 and that the Seaman's Compass was invented here by Flavio Gioïa an Italian in 1300. P. Nicholas II. celebrated a Council here in 1059. in which the Dukedoms of Puglia and Calabria were confirmed to Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman for his Services in the expulsion of the Saracens Long. 38. 35. Lat. 40. 52. Malines See Mechelen Maliapur Maliapura a City on the Coast of Coromandel commonly called St. Thomas as being the place of the Martyrdom of that Apostle and an Archiepiscopal City written also Meliapor it was taken by the French in 1671. and deserted two years after Long. 108. 50. Lat. 13. 12. Malling West a Market Town in the County of Kent in Aylesford Lath. Mallorca See Majorca Malmesbury Maldunense Caenobium a Town built on the Western Bank of the River Avon the Capital of its Hundred on the Confines of the County of Glocester in the County of Wiltshire which took its name and rise from Maidulph a Learned Irish Scot who being highly admired both for his Piety and Learning erected here a School and a Monastery which Adelme his Scholar much improved becoming after his death the Tutelar Saint of Athelstane King of England who died in 938. after he had much enriched this Monastery by his Princely Donations this Adelme was the first who taught the Saxons the Latin Poetry No less honor is due to this Place on the score of William of Malmesbury a Learned Historian for the Times in which he lived which was about 1143. The Monastery thrived so well that at the suppression of it by Henry VIII its Revenue was above eight hundred and three pounds the year Whether its late Philosopher Thomas Hobbs has added to the Honor of this Place by being born here is left to the Judgment of Posterity The Town is now a Corporation represented by its Burgesses in Parliament and in a tolerable Condition by reason of its Clothing Trade It has six Bridges over the River being almost encircled therewith A Synod was held at it in 705. or 707. Malmugon Malmoe Malmogia a City in Scania in the Kingdom of Sweden called by the Hollanders Elbogon because it represents the Bent of the Elbow of an Arm. It was built in 1319. and has a safe Harbor over against Coppenhagen on the Sound In 1434. here was a strong Castle built by Ericus King of Denmark the first Encourager of lasting Architecture in this Kingdom In 1658. it first came into the hands of the Swedes in 1676. the Danes endeavoured the recovery of it by a Siege but without success they did the like the year following with the like event It stands four Danish Miles from Coppenhagen to the East Malpas a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Broxton Malta Melita and Island belonging to Africa in the Mediterranean Sea by some taken for the Place where S. Paul suffered Shipwrack in the Year of Christ 58. It s length is twenty Miles breadth twelve circuit about sixty which is its distance too from Pachyno the most South-Eastern Cape of Sicily one hundred and ninety from the nearest Coast of Africa Taken from the Saracens by Roger the Norman Earl of Sicily in 1089. And was under the Kings of Sicily till Charles V. granted it to the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem now called Knights of Malta from it after they were beaten out of Rhodes in 1530 that he might the easier protect Sicily from the Incursions of the Moors In 1566 they began to build the Bourg or principal City after Solyman the Magnificent had in 1565. reduced the greatest part of the old Town into Dust by a Siege of five Months managed by Dragut his General with the loss of twenty four thousand Men spent to no purpose on this small Island There are sixty Villages in it and three Cities all seated at the East end within the distance of eight Miles which have two large Havens divided by a Rock on the Point stands the Castle of S. Hermes to defend the entrance
against which the Turks spent twenty thousand Cannon Shot and at last took it to their no great advantage In the middle of the Eastern Haven stands the Castle of S. Angelo upon a Rock this and Burgo quelled the fury of the Turks and prevented their Triumph over Malta Though the Inhabitants exceed not twenty thousand yet it is not able to supply them with Necessaries but that the fertil Sicily is so near from which they have much of their Provisions They have some fresh-water Fountains the Rain that falls they reserve in Cisterns and have always three years Provisions beforehand kept under ground The Great Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta at present is Alarame de Vignecourt chosen in Aug. 1690. The City Malta is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Palermo in Sicily and the Residence of the Grand Prior of the Church also now the Capital of the Island which last honour formerly was enjoy'd by Citta Vecchia another Episcopal City in the middle of Malta Several small Islands adjacent the Principal are Gozo Comini and Farfara depend upon the Grand Master as their Soveraign The illustrious Order of the Knights of this place is composed of eight Nations amongst which England was the sixth in rank before the Reformation To each Nation there belongs a Grand Prior The Persons incorporated are divided into three Estates of Knights Ecclesiasticks and Servans des Armes or Esquires all vowing celibacy Some out of both the two first have been known advanced to the Dignity of Cardinals and the Sons of Kings and Princes have adorned the rank of the Knights This Island produces no Wine nor Corn but Cotton Oates and delicious Fruits in Plenty § There is another Island Malta in the Adriatick belonging to Dalmatia and called by the Sclavonians Milet by others Meleda The Miletaeus Catellus a Proverb for a Lap-dog is derived from the little Dogs of this latter place according to Athenaeus Long. 39. 25. Lat. 34. 40. Malvasia Epidaurus an Archiepiscopal City of the Morea on the Eastern Shoar in the Province of Tzaconia near the most South-Eastern Cape called Cape Maleo built upon a Rock which advanced position gives it an agreeable Prospect both by Sea and Land This Rock is surrounded by the Sea on all sides being only joined to the Continent by a Timber Bridge yet has Nature provided it a fresh and clear Fountain of good Water sufficient to serve the City and their Gardens it is approachable only on one side that is on the South which is secured by a triple Wall of great strength In the times of the Greek Idolatry it was famous for a Temple of Esculapius much frequented It was ravished from the Greek Emperors by the Venetians and French about the year 1204. The Emperors recovered it again from William a French Baron to whom it was given by the Latins but he returning to Venice freely resigned his Right to that State whereupon the Venetians sent a powerful Fleet and regained the Possession of it which they kept till the year 1537. when they were forced to surrender it to the Turks to purchase a Peace In the times of the late Wars in Candy the Venetians took this Town by Storm plundered burnt and then left it after they had put most of the Inhabitants to the Sword and carried away the Cannon The Turks rebuilt it General Morosini bombarded it in his way to Athens Sept. 1687. Afterwards it was blockaded then besieged At last it surrendered to General Cornaro Sept. 12. 1690. whereby the whole Morea stands now reduced under the Dominion of the States of Venice They found in it seventy three Pieces of Cannon and above one hundred and thirty Christian Slaves recovered their Liberty Long. 50. 00. Lat. 38. 30. Mamertini an ancient People of the Island Samos in the Icarian Sea said afterwards to establish themselves at Messina in Sicily Whence the Messenii have the Name also of Mamertini and the Sea adjacent of Fretum Mamertinum Mamotta Arabia Foelix Man Eubonia Monaaeda Monapia Monavia Mona an Island in the Irish Sea between Lancashire to the East and Vlster to the West The Welsh call this small place Menow the Inhabitants Maing the English Man It lies in length from North to South thirty Italian Miles its greatest breadth is fifteen It has seventeen Parish Churches brings forth Flax Hemp and Corn in plenty affords more Cattle than they need especially Sheep they have no Fewel but Turff In the middle it swelleth into Hills from the highest of which Sceafull by Name in a clear day may be seen England Scotland and Ireland The chief Town is Russin seated at the South End of the Island which has a Garrisoned Castle it has also a Bishop who is stiled Sodorensis and is now under the Archbishop of York This Island was first possessed by the Britains after them succeeded the Scots about the times of Honorius and Arcadius these were driven out by Cuneda Grandfather of Maglocunus stiled by Gildas the Dragon of the Islands Edwin King of Northumberland Conquered it next for the Saxons about 618. The Danes being driven out of England by Harold they were invited Hither by one Godred Corvan who had been entertained in his flight in the Isle of Man This Dane brought over his Country Men three times successively invaded it before he could master the Inhabitants but then prevailing he became King of Man soon after the time William of Normandy conquered England This Race of Kings continued to 1270. about two hundred years about which time Robert the King of the Scots having succeeded Alexander who had purchased the Hebrides of the King of Denmark made another Conquest of the Isle of Man which was one of the last they gained the Possession of After this sometimes the Scots sometimes the English were Masters of it till in 1340. William Montacute Earl of Salisbury descended from Mary the Daughter of Reginald the last King of Man finally drove out the Scots and in 1393. sold it to William Scrope who being beheaded for Treason Henry IV. granted it to Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland about 1400. He likewise forseiting it this Prince granted it to Sir John Stanley whose Successor in 1486. was by Henry VII created Earl of Darby And in this Family it still is wiâ—h the Title of Lord of Man being possessed by William Earl of Darby the Grandchild of James who in 1651. was beheaded for his Loyalty to Charles II. After which the Rebels by force reduced the Island under them it was restored to this Family in 1660. by Charles II. The Language here spoken is different from that of all His Majesties other Dominions being a mixture of Scotch Irish Danish and English but the Southern part nearer to the Scotch and the Northern to the Irish The first Bishop of Man is said to have been Amphibalus in 360. There are great Chasms in the Succession till 1203. and again from 1396. In 1505. Huamus
more extended Sea North of Constantinople between Europe to the North and West Asia to the East and Anatolia to the South is called the Euxine or Black Sea To give an exact account of all the smaller parts of it would too much exceed my narrow bounds Medniky Mednicia a small City of Poland in Samogitia sometimes called Womie seated near the Fountains of the River Wirwitz It is the See of the Bishop of Samogitia founded by Wenceslaus King of Poland in 1413. fifteen Polish Miles from Memel and the Shoars of the Baltick Sea to the East thirty from Riga to the South-West Medoc Medulanus a small Tract in Aquitain between the Mouth of the Garrone to the North the Bay of Aquitain to the West and Bourdeaux to the East There is not above three or four small Towns in it The ancient Meduli are understood to have dwelt here Medway Vaga a River of Kent which riseth in the Weald or Wild in the South-West part of that County at Penhurst it receives the Eten out of Surrey so dividing it self into five Streams it surrounds Tunbridge from thence passing North-East it goes to Maidstone from thence to Rochester by which time it is become exceeding great by the concourse of many Rivers it takes in its short Course Here he is covered by a Stone Bridge beneath which he becomes capable of the greatest Ships and in his Bed the Royal Fleet of England rides in time of Peace Below Rochester he forms the Isle of Shepey one of his Mouths entering the Ocean at Sherness and the other at Shellness above eight Miles from each other In 1667. the Dutch Fleet entered this River June 22. having with their Cannon battered down the Paper Fort of Sherness where they carried off the Royal Charles and burnt and spoiled four or five other Ships Megalopolis an ancient City of Arcadia near the River Alpheus renowned for the Birth of Polybius the Noble Grecian Writer of the Roman History Since Christianity it hath been an Episcopal See But this glory under the Turks is changed into the condition of a miserable Village And the Proverb Magna Civitas magna solitudo was never more verified of it than now Megara a City of Achaia in ancient times cal-Nisa or Nissaea it stands at the North-West Point of the Bay of Corinth near the Hexamilia or Isthmus two Miles from the Sea Shoar twenty five from Athens to the West and the same distance from Corinth to the North East This was the Birth-place of Euclid the Master of the Mathematicks Lat. 38. 05. which is the true height of Athens Mr. Wheeler who saw this place thus describes it It is situate in a Valley between the Mountain Kerata North which has a Ridge running Northward to join with Mount Cithaeron at the bottom of the Bay of Corinth now called Livadostro the Mountain Macripaldi to the West towards Corinth the Mountain of Palaio Bouni South-East and the Bay of Livadostro North-West This Plain is reasonably fruitful twenty Miles in compass The City was anciently built upon two Rocks Now one of the Rocks is desolate the other has about three or four hundred pitiful Cottages built one Story high and close together the Walls of which are the ruins of the former Houses or a few Faggots covered with Clay Chimnies they have none except it be a hole in the top of the House or the Door The Turks of themselves abandoned this place after the reduction of Athens It is now called Megra A City in the beginning the Capital of a Monarchy under the Reign of twelve Kings Then a Republick which maintained divers Wars with the◠Athenians and others and also established a Colony in the Island of Sicily Meghen a Town in the Dukedom of Brabant in the Low-Countries upon the left side of the Meuse three Leagues from Boisleduc It gives the Title of an Earldom Meissen Misnia a Territory and City of Germany in the Vpper Saxony which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Magdeburgh and under the Dominion of its own Bishop but now in the hands of the Elector of Saxony as Administrator of the Bishoprick of Misnia It stands three German Miles from Dresden to the East nine from Leypsick to the same Quarter and twelve from Wittemberg to the South upon the Western Shoar of the River Elbe over which it hath a fine Wooden Bridge Built by Henry the Fauikoner who constituted the Marquess of Misnia in 928. Sigismond the Emperour in 1423 granted to its Marquess within the Dukedom of Saxony the Electoral Dignity It s Bishop was one of them that led the way to the Reformation by ejecting the Pardon-mongers in 1500. In 1581. the Reformation was settled here and the Augustane Confession imbraced This is at this day a great rich populous City and has belonging to it a Castle Mela or la Mela a River in Lombardy which washeth the Walls of Brescia and then falls into the Oglio Melas the ancient Name of the Rivers Larissa and Gensui See those Names As of several others mentioned by the Ancients in Lycia Arcadia Mygdonia Sicily Cilicia and Achaia Melasso or Melazzo a Town in the Valley of Demona in the Island of Sicily near Messina § Likewise a City in the Province of Aidinelli in the Lesser Asia which was the ancient Mylassa of Caria This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Stauropolis or Santa Croce Melohited a general Name for all the Syrian Cophtite or other Oriontal Christians not being natural Greeks who adhere to the Decisions of the Great Council of Chalcodon and the common Sentiments of the Greek Church Given them by the opposite Parties from the Hebrew Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a King in derision of their being of the Religion of the Emperour who presided over the said Council They call themselves the Orthodox and have translated into the Arabick Language the Bible Councils and Euchologies with most of the Ecclesiastical Books of the Grecians Melcomb Regis a Corporation in Dorsetshire in the Hundred of Vgscomb upon the River Wey where it falls into the Sea united by a fair Timber Bridge with the Town of Weymouth on the other side of the same River and together with it by Act of Parliament in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth incorporated into one Body governed by one Mayor with Aldermen c. yet they both elect two Burgesses to the Parliament Meldola Meldula a small Town in the Dominions of the Church in Romandiola in the Confines of Tuscany upon the River Bedese or Ronco which falls beneath Ravenna into the Ionian Sea ten Miles from Forli to the South This is said to be a Marquisate and a Sovereignty in the possession of Prince Pamfilio Melfi Melphis Melphia a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Basilicate which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Acerenza or Mateola but now exempt from the Jurisdiction of its own Archbishop It is a great and well peopled City in the
were levelled by an Earthquake April 1690. At the same time the Sea left its accustomed Bounds a great part of a Mile the Earth vomited hot and fetid Waters its motion Pulses and Openings also all over the Island being such as nothing can be more terrible Neure a River of Kilkenny in Ireland which watereth Ross then falls into the Sewer which separates Leinster from Mounster and falls beneath VVaterford into the Ocean Neusidlersee Peiso a Lake between Austria and the Lower Hungary bteween Raab to the East and Vienna to the West Neustria the Name of a part of the Kingdom of France in use amongst the Writers of the Times of Charlemaigne and his Son to denote the Country from the Saosne and the Meuse to the Loyre and the Ocean It has been since changed into that of Normandy tho the present Dukedom of Normandy makes no more than a part of the ancient Neustria New Albion California an Island on the West of America in North Lat. 38. discovered by Sir Francis Drake in 1578. Newark upon Trent is a fair rich Town in Nottinghamshire seated on the East Bank of the Trent where it divides into two Branches and makes an Island before the Town eleven Miles from Nottingham to the North and in the high Road to York which took its Name from a Castle here built by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln in the Reign of Henry II. which was seized by King Stephen King John died in this Town in 1216. Edward VI. incorporated it and gave it the Privilege of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament It suffered a Siege for its Loyalty in 1643 1644. which was raised by Prince Rupert March 22. It stood firm to the Royal Interest till May 11. 1646. and then was forced to surrender the King being in the Hands of the Scots and all his Forces dissipated This Town gives the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Kingston and is the Capital of its Hundred Newbury Novum burgum a Town on the South of Barkshire upon the River Kennet which at Reading falls into the Thames Called by Antoninus Spinae tho not built now in the same place a fine rich Cloathing Town seated in a Champain Plain Country Made famous by a signal Victory obtained here by Charles I. Septemb. 20. 1643. over the Forces of the Parliament October 27. 1644. there was a second Fight in which tho the King's Forces which were much divided had at first the good Fortune to drive the Enemy out of the Field yet being overpowered by Numbers and fresh Supplies they were at last Routed and the King in great danger of being taken This Battel tho short was the sharpest that was fought in all that War Charles II. added a great Honor to this Place when in 1675. he created Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury New-Castle upon Tine is a strong rich populous Sea-Port Town in Northumberland upon the North Bank of the River Tine but on the Borders of Durham six Miles from the Sea The River is very deep the Haven secure and large the Town stands upon a rising Ground and has a fair Bridge over the River on the South side with an Iron Gate upon it which divides the County of Northumberland from the Bishoprick of Durham near which stands the Castle and over against it the Market-Place and more to the North upon a sleep Hill the Body of the Town fenced with Towers and strong Walls It contains four Parishes amongst which St. Nicholas's Church upon the top of the Hill has the gracefulness of a Cathedral Ships of good burden come up to the very Bridge But the Newcastle-fleet commonly stays at Sheales near the Rivers Mouth This Town for Wealth and Commerce by Sea and Land for all Commodities may well be esteemed the Bristol of the North. Mr. Cambden doth suppose it to have been called Garbosentum by the Romans afterwards Monk-chester and to have taken the name of Newcastle when it was rebuilt by Robert Eldest Son to William the Conqueror and Newcastle upon Tine to distinguish it from Newcastle under Line In the Reign of Edward I. a Rich Man being taken Prisoner in the Town by the Scots after his Ransom began the Fortifications of it and the rest of the Inhabitants finished this Work which made it both safe and rich Richard II. made it a Mayor Town Long. 21. 30. Lat. 57. 34. Thus far Mr. Cambden The Scots in 1640. seized this strong Town and thereby began the Calamities of England which lasted twenty years In 1644. after a long Siege the Scots took it the second time October 19. Lewis Steward Duke of Lenox was created Earl of Newcastle in 1604. by James I. He dying without Issue William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle was by Charles I. created Earl of Newcastle in 1627. Marquess of Newcastle in 1643. and Duke of the same in 1664. by Charles II. to whom succeeded Henry his Son in 1676. The Corporation Elects two members of Parliament Newcastle under Line a large Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill upon the rivulet Line It is a Borough Town and hath the honour of electing two Members of the English Parliament New England a large Country in North America first discovered by Sebastian Cabot under English Colours in 1497. Entred upon for the English by Mr. Philip Amadas in 1584. It lies in forty and forty one deg of North Lat. seventy Miles upon the Ocean which affords it plenty of Harbours The Air is healthful but the Weather very uncertain This Country was first begun to be Planted in 1606. In 1610. one Robinson an Independent Preacher struck in with the Design and much promoted that Plantation It is well watered with Rivers has great variety of Wild Fowl Wild Beasts Timber in abundance Flax Hemp Corn of all sorts Furrs Amber and Iron wherewith the Inhabitants drive a gainful Trade with the other English Plantations in America This Colony is very strong They have built seven great Towns the chief of which is Boston which in 1670. had fifty Sail of Ships belonging to it They would never submit to any Governour sent from England but lived like a Free State till a Quo Warranto being sent against them in 1683. by K. Charles II. they submitted to Henry Cranfield Esq and in 1686. accepted Sir Edward Andrews as Governour for King James II. The Dukedom of Newenburg Neoburgum called by the French Neubourg is a Tract in Germany in Nortgow upon the Danube part of which lies in the Circle of Bavaria and part in Schwaben Heretofore a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria till Maximilian I. granted it to the Children of Rupert Prince Palatine This Line ended in 1559. in the Person of Henry after whom Succeeded Philip Lewis Duke of Deuxponts or Zweybrucken in which Family it still is It takes its name from Newburg Neoburgum a City in Bavaria upon the Danube four Leagues from Donawert in Schwaben to
the East three from Ingolstad and the same distance from Aichstadt to the South The Duke of Newburg is lately become Elector Palatine by the Death of Charles the last Elector without Issue Newenburg Newburg Neopyrgum a small City in Schwaben in the Dukedom of Wurtsburg upon the River Entz in the Borders of the Marquisate of Baden six German Miles from Stugart to the West and as much from Spire to the South Newenburg Newbourg Neoburgum a Town in Brisgow upon the Rhine between Brisach to the North and Basil to the South heretofore a Free Imperial City but in 1410. exempted and granted to the House of Austria Since that in 1675. it was much damnified and in part destroyed Newenstad Neustad Neostadium a City in Austria which is one of the principal Cities in that Dukedom built in a Marshy low Ground upon a small River six German Miles from Vienna to the North. The Town is of a square Form with a Piazza in the middle incompassed with two Walls and a Ditch The outward Wall is not high the inward is of no great strength yet has defeated two Attempts of the Turks against it in the latter of which Solyman the Magnificent in 1529. Stormed this Town seven times in one day and was every time repulsed In this City the Emperor has a Palace of a square building with four Towers which may be seen a great way off There is another City of the same name in Bohemia in the Dukedom of Oppelen near the Borders of the Dukedom of Grotkaw five Miles from Oppelen There is a third in the Palatinate of the Rhine four German Miles from Spire to the West and two from Landaw to the North once an Imperial City but now exempt A fourth in the Dukedom of Wurtsburg two Miles from Wimpfen to the East and a little more from Hailbrun A fifth in the Dukedom of Brunswick upon the River Leyne six Miles from Zell to the West which is under the Duke of Hannover Newent a Market Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Botlow The New Forest a Forest in Hampshire in compass about thirty Miles in which Richard the second Son of William the Conqueror was killed by a Deer William his third Son was accidentally slain by Sr. Walter Tyrrel and Robert Curtoyse his Grandson was struck into the jaws by the bough of a Tree and dyed Which fatalities have been the more remarked because to make this Forest compleat for game William the Conqueror caused no less than thirty Parish Churches with many Towns and Villages to be levelled to the ground Newhausel Neoselium a strong but small Town in the Vpper Hungary called by the Hungarians Owar it stands upon the River Nitria two German Miles from the Danube to the North and eleven from Presburg to the East It is sented in a Marsh which is its greatest strength It has six Bastions made in the form of a Star and walled up Breast height above the Level within the Dike not broad or deep The Grand Vister sat down before this Town August 14. 1663. and took it the 27. with the loss of fifteen thousand Men. He immediately endeavoured to strengthen it by bringing the River to run round but however July 7. 1685. the Duke of Lorrain sat down before it and took it by Storm August 19. following putting all the Garrison to the Sword Newmarckt Novomarchia a City of Transylvania called by the Hungarians Masserhely It stands upon the River Merisch at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains thirty five Miles from Clausenburgh to the South-East In this City the Assemblies of the States of Transylvania are most usually held New-Market a Town in the Borders of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire in a plain yielding a large prospect ten Miles from Cambridge to the East It consists of two Parishes the one in Suffolk the other in Cambridgeshire Famous for Horse Races and a House belonging to the Kings of England A Fire in this Town saved the Life of Charles II. by necessitating his return before the time appointed which prevented the designs of the Rie-House Conspirators Newnham a Market Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Fauseley Newport Medena Novus Portus a Town in the Isle of Wight which is the Capital of the Island Well seated much frequented and very populous It has a small Haven and is a Corporation which sends two Burgesses to Parliament by the Grant of James I. Charles I. honoured it also by Creating Mountjoy Blount Earl of Newport in 1628. This Honour is now enjoyed by Henry his Son who is the third Earl of this Family Long. 19. 14. Lat. 50. 40. Newport upon the Usk a considerable Sea-Port Town in the County of Monmouth seated between the Ebwith and the Vsk with a fair Bridge over the latter two Miles from the Severn to the North. As the Vske discharges it self into the Severn it makes a good haven which bears the name of this Town Newport Pagnel a Market Town in Buckinghamshire upon the Ouse over which it hath two Bridges The Capital of its Hundred Newport in Pembrokeshire is a considerable Town in the North-West part of that County upon the Irish Sea built at the foot of an high Mountain by the side of the River Neverns By Martin of Tours and the procurement of his Posterity made a Corporation also returning one member to the English Parliament in which afterwards they built a Castle for their Habitation Newport in Shropshire a handsome Market Town in the Hundred of S. Bradford South of Drayton and upon a long plain adjoyning to Staffordshire Newport Novus Portus a strong Sea-Port Town in Flanders of old called Santhoft that is the Sandy Head It has a competent Haven upon the German Ocean at the Mouth of the River Yperle five Leagues from Dunkirk to the East and three from Ostend to the West Still in the Hānds of the Spaniards Near this place Prince Maurice of Nassaw gave the Spaniards a great overthrow Feb. 25. 1600. Newton a Market and Borough-town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Salford privileged with the Election of two Parliament-men Newton-Abbot or Newton-Bishops a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Heyter Newtown a Market Town in the County of Montgomery in Wales in the Hundred of Kidriorn Neyland a considerable Market Town in the County of Suffolk in the Hundred of Babergh upon the River Stower It stands in a rich bottom and drives the cloathing Trade Neytracht See Nitracht Niancheu Niancheum a considerable City in the Province of Chekram in China Niaren More the Russian Name of the North Ocean or Frozen Sea called Mare Scythicum Nicaragua a Region in New Spain in North America of great extent between the North Sea to the East the South Sea to the West the Province of Hondura to the North and La Costa Rica to the South Also called New Leon from Leon de Nicaragua the principal City in it which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico
England Bounded on the North with the German Ocean on the East in part by the same Ocean in part by Suffolk on the South by the Rivers of VVaveney and the little Ouse which part it from Suffolk on the West with the great Ouse and towards Lincolnshire with that part of the Nene which passeth from VVisbich to the Washes It containeth in length from Yarmouth to VVisbich fifty Miles in breadth from Thetford to VVells thirty in circuit about two hundred and forty The Southern parts which are Wood Lands are fruitfull the Northern or Champain barren and dry In the whole are six hundred and sixty Parishes and thirty one Market Towns and besides the VVaveney and the Ouse watered by the Rivers Yare and Thryn It s Capital City Norwich The largest County next to Yorkshire in England and surpassing even Yorkshire in populousness In the time of the Heptarchy it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Angles The first Earl of Norfolk was Ralph de VVaet Created in the Year 1075. After whom succeeded the Bigots from 1135 to 1270 in six Descents In 1313 Tho. de Brotherton a Son of Edward I. was made Earl of Norfolk Margaret his Daughter in 1398 was made Duchess whose Son Thomas Mowbray and his Descendents continued the Honor to the Year 1461. In 1475 Richard Duke of York was made Duke of Norfolk In 1483 John Lord Howard was vested with the same Honor in whose Family it now is Henry the present Duke of Norfolk being the ninth Duke of this Race Norimburgh See Nurenberg Norin a fort of Dalmatia betwixt the River Narenta and the branch thereof called Norin which returns into the bed of the Narenta again Under the Venetians Norkoping Norcopia a small City in Sweden between two Lakes five Miles from the Baltick Sea in the Province of Ostrogothia by the River Motala ten Miles from the Lake Veter East Normandy Neustria Normannia is a great and fruitful Province in France which has the Title of a Dukedom It has this name from the Normans who under Rollo their first Duke setled here in the time of Charles the Simple King of France Bounded on the North and West by the British Sea on the East by Picardy on the South by le Perche and le Maine It lies sixty six Leagues from East to West and from North to South about thirty the principal City in it is Roan or Roiien This Province is divided into twelve Counties but more usually into the Upper and Lower Normandy the former containing the Bailywicks of Roiien Eureux Caux and Gisors the other those of Alenzon Caen and Constantin It s principal Rivers are the Seine Eure Risle Dive Soule Ouve c. A cold Climate plentiful in Corn Cattel and Fruits but generally wanting Wine It yields some Mines of Iron and Brass together with Medicinal Waters Is better inhabited by Gentry than almost any other Province of France and reckons above a hundred Cities and a hundred and fifty great Towns standing in it Rollo the first Duke under whom the Normans besieged Paris three times obtained that Title in 912. from Charles the Simple who gave his Daughter in Marriage to him upon condition to hold Normandy in homage to the Crown William the base Son of Robert the sixth Duke Conquered England in 1066 by which means it was United to the Crown of England till 1202 when King John was outed of it Henry V. about 1420. reconquered this Duchy His Son lost it again about 1450. ever since which time it has been annexed to the Crown of France De Noort Caep Rubaea Rubeae Promontorium is the most Northern Point of Finmark and indeed of all Europe § There is a Cape of the same Name in Guiana in South America Nortgow Nortgovia a Province of Germany between Bohemia to the East the Danube to the East and South which parts it from Bavaria Schwaben and Franconia to the West and Voigtland to the North. The Capital of it is Norimburg This name in the German Tongue signifies the North Country It was the Seat of the antient People Nariscâ— North-Allerton A Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire near the Stream Wisk which falls into the Swale The Capital of its Hundred Northamptonshire Northantonia is seated almost in the midst of England on the North it is parted from Lincolnshire by the River Weland on the East from Huntington by the Nene on the South it has Buckingham and Oxford and on the West Warwickshire separated by Watlingstreet a Roman way From North to South it is forty six Miles in length but not full twenty in breadth where broadest In the whole there are three hundred twenty six Parishes and thirteen Market Towns The Rivers Nen and VVeland have their rise in this County together with the Ouse The Air is temperate the Soil rich fruitful champain full of People The chief Town is Northampton pleasantly seated on the Bank of the River Nen where two Rivulets from the North and South fall into it which for its Circuit Beauty and Buildings may be compared with most of the Cities of England It was burnt by the Danes In the Wars in King John's time it suffered much from the Barons Near this City in 1460. Henry VI. was overthrown and first taken Prisoner by Edward IV. In 1261 the Students of Cambridge are said to have removed hither by the King's Warrant with Intentions to have setled the University here In the Reign of King Charles II. Sept. 1675. it was totally destroyed by Fire but by the favour of that gracious Prince and the chearful Contributions of good People soon rebuilt Long. 19. 40. Lat. 52. 36. To omit the more ancient Families VVilliam Lord Compton was created Earl of Northampton by King James I. in 1618. The present Earl George is the fourth of this Noble Family Northausen Northusia an Imperial Free City of Germany in Thuringia upon the River Zorge between Erford to the South and Halberstad to the North eight German Miles from either This City is under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony and said to have been built by Meroveus I. King of the Franks in the Year of Christ 447. The North Foreland Cantium a Cape of the Isle of Thaâ—â—â—â— in Kent famous for a Sea Fight between the English and the Dutch in 1666. When the brave Duke of Albemarle with only two Squadrons of the English Fleet maintained a Fight against the whole Dutch Fleet of an hundred Sail two days together Prince Rupert coming up in the Evening of the second day the English fell again the third on the Dutch Fleet and beat them home which all things considered was the most wonderful Naval Fight that ever was fought upon the Ocean Northumberland Northumbria is parted on the South by the Derwent and the Tyne from the Bishoprick of Durham on the East it has the German Ocean on the North Scotland on the West Scotland and Cumberland it has the form of a Triangle
Pont near Belsey in the County of Northumberland giving the Title of Earl to the Duke of Newcastle and its name to the VVard it stands in It did formerly belong to the Barons Ogle Oglio Ollio Ollius a River in the States of Venice in Italy it springeth from the Mountains above Edulum in the Borders of Switzerland in the Valteline and flowing through Brescia or Brexa into the Lake de Iseo it leaves it at Calepio a little lower separating the Territory of Brescia from that of Cremona or the State of Venice from the Dukedom of Milan and watering part of the Dukedom of Mantoua it falls into the Po at Burgoforte Oie a County in Picardy It is extended from Calais as far as to Graveling and Dunkirk and hath a Town in it of the same name The Spaniards during the Civil Wars of the League possessed themselves of this County till by the Treaty of Vervin in 1598. it was surrendred again to the Crown of France The English heretosore held it above two Ages § There is a small Island Oie near that of Rè upon the Coast of Saintonge in Aquitain L'Oise Osesia Isauria Oesia Aesia a River of France which ariseth in Picardy in the Confines of Hainault and Champagne and washing Guise Lafere and Noyon at Compeigne it takes in the Aysne a bigger River than it self so by Pont S. Maxiente Beaumont and Pont Oyse falls into the Seyne six Miles below Paris towards Roan Okeham or Oakham the Capital Town of the County of Rutland seated in the rich and pleasant Vale of Catmoss and said to derive its name from the plenty of Oaks growing in its neighbourhood It has a Castle where the Assises are kept a Frecschool and a Hospital And by an ancient Privilege belonging to its Royalty a Nobleman entering on horseback within its Precincts pays the homage of a Shooe from his Horse Therefore upon the door of the Shire-Hall there are many Horse-shooes nailed and over the Judges Seat in the same one curiously wrought five foot and a half long with a breadth proportionable But this Homage or Forfeiture may be commuted for money Okehampton a Borough and Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Black-Torring It returns two Members of Parliament Old or Ould Olitis a River in Quercy in France Olde or Oude Vlda a River in Bretagne Oldenburg Oldenburgum Brannesia a small City in VVestphalia the Capital of a County of the same name seated upon the River Honta twenty five Miles from Breman to the West and forty from Embden to the East Built by Otho the Great and almost totally ruined by Fire in the year 1676. that very day the Citizens were to have taken the Oath of Allegiance to the King of Denmark The County of Oldemburg is a small County in the Circle of VVestphalia between East-Friesland to the West the Dukedom of Bremen to the East the Bishoprick of Munster to the South and the German Ocean to the North. Very fruitful especially as to Pasture and Cattle the Air is cold and Foggy This for a long time was under Counts of its own who are derived from VVittikindus the last King and first Duke of the Saxons VValepart one of his Nephews in 850. being the Earl of Oldemburg This Line continued with some small variation for twenty three or twenty four Descents and in 1676. failed Since which it has been annexed to the Crown of Denmark that King being descended of the Eldest Branch of the Earls of Oldenburg Oldenborg a Town in Holstein in the Territory of Wageren once a Bishops See but removed long since to Lubeck it stands not above three Miles from the Baltick Sea and thirty from Lubeck to the North. Oldenpo Oldenpoa a Tract in Esthonia in Livonia between Lettonia to the South Esthonia properly so called to the West Alentak to the North and Moscovy to the East under the Swedes the chief Town in it is Tonspat Oldenzeel or Oldensel Odesalia a strong Town in Overyssel in the Vnited Netherlands taken and dismantled by the Hollanders in 1626. Oldeslo Oldensloe Oldesloa a Town in Holstein in Wageren upon the River Trava in the Borders of Lavemburg three German Miles from Lubeck to the West and five from Hamburgh to the South-East The King of Denmark erected here a spacious Fortification in 1688. At which Lubeck was not a little alarm'd Oleron Vliarus an Island on the Coast of Aquitain belonging to the Duchy thereof upon the Shoar of Saintonge against the Mouth of the River Charente two Leagues from the Continent Six from North to South two from East to West strengthened by a very strong Castle on the South Side and universally famous for the Sea-Laws here Published by Richard I. King of England at his Return from the Holy Land in the fifth year of his Reign at which time this Island lay under the Dominion of the Kings of England This is the same Island with the Olarion of Sidonius Apollinaris which he says yields plenty of Rabbets Oleron or Oleron sur le Gave Oloronensis urbis Huro Hurona Elarona Loronensium Civitas a City of Bearn in the South of France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aux Destroyed by the Normans in the year 1080. and rebuilt by Centulus one of the Earls of this Province upon a Branch of the Gave thence called Le Gave de Oleron ten Leagues from Tarbes to the West eighteen from Dax to the South and twenty four from Pampelona to the North. It stands upon an Eminence having an old Tower Olika Olica a City in Volhinia a Province of Poland five Miles from Lucko to the South-East which in 1651. sustained a Siege against the Cossacks and preserved it self out of their Hands Olinde Olinda a Maritim City of Brasil in America the Capital of the Province of Pernambuc Taken by the Hollanders in 1629. and fortified but afterwards deserted and returned under the Crown of Portugal This City stands upon a Hill near the Mouth of the River Bibiribe has a Castle called S. George and a large Haven In 1676. it was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Salvadore Olivenza Evandria Oliventia a strong City of Portugal upon the River Guadiana three Leagues from Elvas to the South-West and twelve from Evora to the East Taken by the Spaniards in 1658. and restored to the Portuguese by the Treaty of Peace at Lisbon in 1688. Olivero Oliverio Helicon a River on the North of Sicily The Mount of Olives Mons Olivetus a Mount in the Vicinage to the East of the City Jerusalem in Palestine which hath the Valley of Jehosaphat lying betwixt Jerusalem and it and the Brook Kedron gliding at its Foot About two thousand Paces in length from North to South and six hundred in heighth affording a delightful Prospect not only over Jerusalem but towards the Mountains of Arabia towards Jordain and the Dead Sea Hebron and Samaria It breaks into three Points or little Hills whereof the
in 1674 but by the Treaty of Nimeguen restored to them in 1679. Some derive its beginning from a Fortress built by the Hunns upon the Schelde in 411. Oudon Olda a River in France in the Province of Anjou Another in Aquitain called le Lot more commonly and a third in Beaujolois Over-Yssel Over-Issel Trans-Issalana a Province of great extent in the United Netherlands towards Germany which was a part of the Bishoprick of Vtrecht from the year 1046 and called so because it lay beyond the Issel It is divided into three parts the Drente the Sallant and the Twente Bounded on the East by the Bishoprick of Munster on the North by Friesland and Groningen on the West and South by the Zuyder Sea and Guelderland It was granted from the Bishoprick to Charles V. in 1527. In 1582. it revolted from Spain and united with the Hollanders In 1672. it was over-run by the French who were forced two years after to draw off so it returned to its former liberty The principal Places are Deventer Campen Zwol and Coevorden Ovessant Vxantis Insula an Island on the West of Britany in France Oviedo Ovedum Ovetum a City in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain the Capital of a Territory called les Asturies d'Oviedo and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Compostella between the Nora and the Nalona Once the Capital of a Kingdom begun in the Person of Pelagius in 717. and continued in his Successors till the year 913 when Ordenno II. took the style of King of Leon. This City stands five Spanish Leagues from the Shoars of the Ocean to the South eighteen from Asturia and sixteen from Leon betwixt the Mountains There was a small University opened here in 1580 which never much improved In 901. a Council was assembled at this City under Pope John VIII which advanced the See to the Dignity of an Archbishoprick But it has lost again that Dignity since Oulney a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Newport upon the River Ouse Oundle a Market Town in Northamptonshire in the Hundred of Polbrooke pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Nen over which it has two Bridges It is beautified with a fair Church a Free-School and an Almshouse L'Ourt or Ourte Vrta a River of the Low Countries springing near the Frontiers of the Dukedom of Luxembourg and passing by Offalize Rochefort Durbui it receives the Albe with the change of its name into Vrt Ourt and falls into the Maese at Liege Ourtes or Orthez Ortesium a Town in the Canton of Bearn in Switzerland upon the Gave de Pau betwixt Pau and Bayonne Remarkable for an antient Castle and a Protestant School Ousche or L'Ouche Oscaris a River of the Dukedom of Bourgogne in France passing by Fleuri and Dijon and after the Reception of some Rivulets joyning with the Saosne near S. Jean de Lone Ouse Isis a River in Glocestersh which ariseth in the South Border of that Shire near Toorleton at Crekelade it takes in the Churne at Lechlade the Colne and beneath it the Leche This is properly the Head of the Thames tho it has not that Name till its conjunction with the Thame in Oxfordshire Ouse Garryenus a River called Vre and Youre which parteth the West from the North-Riding of Yorkshire watereth the City of York and then falls into the Wherfe at Cawood Castle Ouse the Great ariseth in the County of Hertford in a place called Dane End above Lutton and running North-West entereth Bedfordshire and watereth the principal Town of it from thence it passeth to Huntington by Ely above which joyning with the River Granta from Cambridge and beneath Little Port taking in the Little Ouse which ariseth at Loppham Ford in the County of Suffolk and dividing Suffolk from Norfolk passeth by Thetford into the Great Ouse by Downham and Kings Linn falls into the German Ocean This is one of the greatest Rivers of England Ourque a Town in Portugal made famous by a Victory obtained by Alfonso against five Kings of the Moors in 1256. Ouste or L'Aust Ousta Austa a River in Bretagne It takes its source in the Forest of Laudeac near Avangour then passing by Rohan Jocelin Malestroit Pont-Corbin augmented with the Ars and the Claye it unites with the Vilaine near Redon Owar Ovaria a Town in the Vpper Hungary upon the River Vag at the foot of the Mountains which part that Country from Poland It stands below Transchin Oxfordshire Oxoniensis Comitatus is bounded on the North by Warwick and Northampton on the East by Buckingham on the South by Barkshire and on the West by Gloucestershire The Air of it is mild sweet and pleasant the Earth fruitful both in Corn and Grass by reason of the great abundance of Rivers and fresh Springs It is of a triangular Form forty Miles from North-West to South-East in length scarce twenty in breadth and in circumference an hundred and thirty containing two hundred and eighty Parishes and fifteen Market Towns Watered by the Thame and Isis the Cherwell the Windrush and the Evenlode The Dobani were the old Inhabitants of it during the times of the Romans It takes its Name from the principal City See the Natural History of this County fully and curiously written by the Learned Doctor Robert Plott Oxford Oxonium Oxfordia Calleva Rhydicina from the Welsh name Rhidychen is seated in the Southern Border of the County of Oxford towards Berkshire having the Cherwel on the East and the Isis or Ouse on the South It is a very fair and substantial City seated in an excellent Air and enjoying so delightful a Prospect that the Country adjacent has thence long ago contracted the Title of Bellositum amongst the Ingenious One of the noblest and ancientest Universities also in the World Begun or rather after the Desolations it had suffered in common with the rest of England under the Saxons and Danes restored by King Alfred a Saxon anno Christi 806 the great Civilizer of the English Nation who sending his Son Ethelward hither encouraged the Young Nobles to come to it from all Parts In the time of William the Conqueror it was a considerable City having then seven hundred seventy and four Houses five hundred of which paid yearly Customs to the King In this Prince's time Robert d' Oily a Norman built the Castle on the West side of the Town In 1074 King Stephen closely besieged Maude the Empress Daughter of Henry I. and Mother of Henry II. in this Castle Stephen Langton Archbishop of Canterbury celebrated a Council here in 1222. There have in process of time by several Princes and Noble Benefactors been founded and liberally endowed here eighteen Colleges and seven Halls of which Vniversity Baliol and Merton Colleges were the first endowed in all Europe of latter times by Sheldon Archbishop of Canterbury a noble Theatre and at the Charge of the University a stately Musaeum was finished in the year 1683. Then the Bodlean Library contending with the Vatican
to the South Livonia to the West and Novogard to the East It is great populous and fruitful was a Sovereign Dukedom till John Basilovitz conquered it in 1509. The principal City is Pleskow Pleskovia which stands upon the River Veliki forty Miles from the Confines of Livonia to the East sixty from the Lake of Ilmen and forty from Riga to the North-East This City was betrayed into the Hands of the Russ by the Priests in 1509 upon a Religious Pretence who were severely punished for their Treason by that perfidious bloody cruel Tyrant In 158◠it was besieged and taken by Stephen King of Poland Again in 1615 by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden out of whose Hands the Russ were forced to redeem it by the Payment of a vast Sum of Money The Russ call it Pskouwa Plessis a Seigniory in the Province of Poictou in France giving Name and Origine to an Honourable Family which produced the late famous Minister of State in that Kingdom the Cardinal of Richlieu Plymouth Plymuthum a Noble Sea-Port Town in the most Western part of Devonshire on the South of England It takes its Name from the River Plyme between which and the Tainer a much greater River and the Western Boundary of Devonshire this Town is seated and has one of the largest safest and most convenient Havens in the World It was anciently called Sutton and saith Mr. Cambden of late times was a poor Fishermens Town but within the compass of a few years become equal to some of the best Cities in England Fortified both to the Seaward by a Fort built on St. Nicolas Isle and to Landward by two Forts upon the Haven and a Castle on a Hill besides which it has a Chain for the Security of the Haven in time of War Henry IV. granted it a Mayor From this Town Sir Francis Drake set Sail in 1577 when he went that Voyage in which he sailed round the Terrestrial Globe Out of this Haven the English Fleet was Towed by Ropes the Winds being contrary when in 1588 Charles Lord Howard Admiral of England went to fight the Spanish invincible Armado as they unwisely called it Charles II. added to the Strength of this Place by building a stately Cittadel on a Hill near it and to its Honour by creating Charles Fitz-Charles one of his Natural Sons Baron of Dartmouth Viscount Totnes and Earl of Plymouth July 9. 1675 who afterward died at Tangier Ploen Plona a small City in the Dukedom of Holstein in the Province of Wagaren between a double Lake of the same Name six German Miles from Lubeck to the North. It has a splendid and noble Castle which together with the City is under the Dominion of a Prince of the Family of Holstein Plotzko Ploczko or Plosco Plocum Ploscum a small City in the Greater Poland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnesna the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name in the Dukedom of Mazomiekie or Masovia to which there belongs a Castle It is seated upon the Vistula fourteen Polish Miles from Warsaw to the West Pludents a small Seigniory in Tyrol belonging to the King of Spain Plusa Aprusa a small River in Romandiola which springeth out of Mount Titam and running Southward falls into the Adriatick Sea near Rimin◠Also called L' Avesa Pluviers Aviarium a City in the Province of La Beause upon the River l' Oeuf ten Leagues from Orleans to the North and as many from Montargis to the East it is a spruce City and by the Writers of the middle Times called Pithuria Plurs or Pleure Plura an Italian Prefecture belonging to the Grisons by the Gift of Maximilian Sforza Duke of Milan in 1513. It takes its Name from the chief Town of the same Name once seated at the Foot of the Alpes near Chiavenne upon the River Maira the chief of sundry Villages lying in the same bottom now nothing but a deep and bottomless Gulph For on April 26. 1617. a huge Rock falling from the top of the Mountains overwhelmed it and killed in the twinkling of an Eye fifteen hundred people left no sign or ruin of a Town there standing but in the place thereof a great Lake of about two Miles in length Heylyn There were eight Religious Houses in it yet scarce one person of all the Town escaped alive The day before this a roaring noise was heard from the Mountain Po Padus Eridanus the greatest River in Italy which ariseth in Piedmont and dividing Lombardy into two parts falls into the Adriatick Sea by many Mouths Called by the Italians French and English Po by the Germans Paw It s Head is in Mount Viso Vesulus one of the Cottian Alpes in the Borders of Dauphiné in the Marquisate of Saluzzo from a Spring called Visenda in the midst of a Meadow and running East by the Castle of Paisand it hides it self in the Earth again So dividing Piedmont at Villa Franca it takes in the Chisone and at Pancalieri the Veraita and Macra by the addition of which it becomes capable of bearing a Boat Then it waters Turin the Capital of Savoy where it takes in the Doria so continuing his Course to the East by Chivas and Casal he takes his leave of the Duke of Savoy's Dominions and entereth Milan leaving Pavia five and Milan twenty Miles to the North it passeth on the South of Piacenza and the North of Cremona leaving Parma four Miles to the South and Mantoua six to the North he passeth to Fichervolo where he divides his vastly improved Streams into two great Branches The Northern watereth the State of Venice and by five Mouths entereth the Gulph of Venice the Southern passeth to Ferrara and is there subdivided into three other Branches the most Southern of which runs within four Miles of Ravenna This River receives about thirty Rivers in all from the Alpes and the Apennine and being by far the greatest River in Italy is mightily magnified by the Latin Poets who would have it no less than the Nile and the Danube call it the King of Rivers and the greatest in the World It must be confessed that it is a noble Flood and the only one which has sound a place in Heaven too or hath the Glory to be made a Constellation But saith the Learned Dr. Brown who saw it there are many Rivers that exceed it in Greatness The Names of the most considerable of its Branches are il Po grando il Po di Ariano il Po di Volana and il Po di Argenta Poblet a Monastery in Catalonia where the Kings of Arragon were anciently buried Pocevera Porcifera a River in the States of Genoua which takes its rise from the Appennine and by a Valley ten Miles long makes it passage by Genoua into the Ligustick Sea Pocklington a Market Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Harthill upon a small River falling into the Derwent Pocutie Pocutia a small Tract in the South part of the Kingdom
covered with glazed Slate The Soil is light and sandy apt to produce all sorts of Fruits as Sugar Tabacco Cotton Ginger Indico and the like it wants not Springs and some hot Waters sit for natural Baths This Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus the finder out of the New World and either called by this Name to preserve the Memory of his own or because the Island at a distance seems to represent the usual Picture of S. Christopher upon a Giants Shoulders The English have so increased that they have sent Colonies from thence to Barbuda Monserrat Antego and Barbadoes The French have built a Town of good bigness called le Basse-Terre by the English Back-starr and a College of Jesuits The Houses of Back starr are of Brick Free-Stone and Timber well inhabited by Tradesmen and Merchants But in a great measure destroyed by an Earthquake April 1690. the Earth opening in many places nine foot The English have taken all this Island to themselves in this War June and July 1690 under the Command of Capt. Codrington Capt. Wright and Sir Tim. Thornhill S. Claude Fanum Sti. Claudii a Town in the Franche Cempte in Burgundy fortified in the Borders of la Bresse formerly called S. Oyen de Joux it has a very celebrated Monastery five Leagues from Geneva to the West three from the Rhosne from this Town the Mountain de Joux is sometime called S. Claude S. Clou Fanum Sancti Clodoaldi a remarkable Town in the Isle of France on the Seyne over which it has a Stone Bridge and a magnificent Palace belonging to the Dukes of Orleans It stands upon an Hill two Leagues below Paris to the West Hen. III. King of France died in this Town in 1589. of the Wounds he received from a Fryar It has lately been honored with the Title of a Dukedom which is annexed to the Bishoprick of Paris S. Croce Stauropolis an Inland City of Caria in the Lesser Asia which is an Archbishops See who has a very large Jurisdiction there being under him twenty seven Suffragan Bishops Sancta Crux a Town upon the North Coast of the Island of Cuba in America Sancta Cruz a small but strong City in the Kingdom of Susa upon the Atlantick Ocean built by the Portuguese in 1536. but since taken by the King of Susa under whom it is It is also called Cap d' Aguer Sancta Cruz de la Sierra a small City in the Kingdom of Peru a Bishops See under the Archbishop of la Plata from which it stands one hundred Spanish Leagues to the East S. Davids Menevia a City and Bishoprick in the extreme corner of Pembrokeshire in Wales upon the Irish Sea and the Promontorium Octapitarum of the ancients the same that is now called S. Davids Head Often heretofore spoiled and ruined by the Danes Norwegians and other Pyrates The Cathedral now standing was the work of Peter the 49th Bishop of S. Davids in 1176. who dedicated it by the joynt names of S. Andrew and S. David this latter person being the Founder of the See For he in the time of the Saxons fury under King Arthur being Archbishop of Caerleon upon Vsk translated the Archiepiscopal See of Caerleon to Menew the ancient name of this City whence the Bishops style themselves Episcopi Menevenses so that Menew became an Archbishoprick and had seven Suffragans under it at S. Augustines coming into England it afterward continued so for twenty six Successions till Sampson an Archbishop of it in the time of a plague transferred the Pall and Dignity to Dole in Brittany Whereby his Successors at S. Davids lost their Name of Archbishops Yet Bernard B. of S. Davids in 1115. was the first that submitted himself to the See of Canterbury This Diocese contains the whole Counties of Pembroke Cardigan Caermarthen Radnor Brecknock with some small parts of Monmouth Hereford Montgomery and Glamorganshires S. Dizier a strong Town in Champagne in France upon the River Marne in the Borders of the Dukedom de la Barr six Leagues from Bar le Duc to the North-East and forty two from Paris to the East The Capital of the Territory of Valage betwixt Joinville and Chalon Besieged and taken by Charles V. in 1544 and after restored to France by the Peace of Crespy S. Domingo de la Calcada a small Town in Old Castile in Spain near Najara S. Donato Forum Appium a Town in the Campagnia di Roma in Italy S. Eustacia one of the Leeward Islands in the West-Indies otherwise called the Carribys It was planted by the French but taken from them by the English under Sir Tim. Thornhill and Capt. Wright July 1690. A very small Island with one only Fort is capable of about eighty Men. Near to S. Christophers S. Fe Fanum Sanctae Fidei a Town in Granada upon the River Xenil built by K. Ferdinando in 1491. in a Plain two Leagues from Granada to the West S. Fé a City i◠South America in Paragua in the Province of la Plata two hundred and forty Miles from the City de Buenos Ayres to the North. S. Fe de Bogota a City of South America in the Kingdom of New Granada the Capital of which it is and an Archbishops See It stands upon the River Pati by the Lake Guaravita at the foot of a Mountain called Bogota from which it has its Name a vast distance from the Sea every way S. Fiorenza Fanum Sancti Florentii a Town on the North Coast of the Island of Corsica under the Genouese with a Port and considerable Fortifications Understood by some to be the Canelata of Ptolemy S. Flour Floriopolis Fanum Sancti Flori a City in the Vpper Auvergne built on an high Hill commonly called la Planese and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourges ever since 1317. being then Founded by P. John XXII upon the River Ladir Twenty Leagues from Clermont to the South and eight from le Puy to the West Some take it to be the Indiacum of the ancients S. For a Town in Aquitain upon the River Dordogne in the Province of Agenois in the Borders of Perigort four Leagues from Bergerac to the West S. Foy a Town in the Province of Guyenne in France upon the Dordogne betwixt Bergerao and Libourne Taken by the Protestants in 1563. S. Gall Fanum Sancti Galli a Town in Switzerland which has a famous and rich Benedictine Abbey of greater Antiquity and much greater extent and jurisdiction than the Town being able to levy above six thousand Men of its own Subjects The Abbot is a Prince of the Empire since the year 1226. It stands in the Territory of Torgow betwixt the Cantons of Zurich and Appenzel and the Diocese of Constance and is one of the principal Cantons one Mile from the Lake of Constance and four from Lindaw to the West Heretofore an Imperial and Free City but now exempt The Abbey owes its Beginning either to an Irish or Scotch Devote of the name who preach'd
Empire it fell into the hands of the Saracens who in the seventh and eighth Century possessed most of the Islands in the Mediterranean Sea In 809. Pepin Father of Charles the Great recovered this Island out of their hands which after this was the subject of a long War between the States of Genoua and Pisa till at last Pope Boniface VIII granted it to James II. King of Arragon about 1296. who after many Wars obtained the quiet possession of it in 1326. or as Hoffman saith in 1409 Ever since it has been in that Family Frederick II. has also given it the Title of a Kingdom The Soil is very fruitful but the Air equally unhealthful or pestilential rather insomuch that the Common-wealth and the Emperours of the Romans banished such persons to this Island as they desired to have dead without Sword or Poyson The Rivers Cedro and Tirso divide it into two parts called the Cape de Lugodori and Cap de Cagliari for its sertility it was called the Nurse of Rome by Valerius Maximus yet those parts of the Island to the North and East are mountainous and barren The rest are Algher Castel Aragonese Bosa Ostagni Terra Nova Sacer and Iglesias A Vice-Roy for the King of Spain governs this Island Sardica See Sofia Sardis the ancient Metropolis of Lydia in the Lesser Asia Not to speak of its being the Capital of the Kingdom of the famous Gyges Cyrus we find took it in the fifty ninth Olympiad and with it submitted all Lydia to his Empire In the sixty ninth Olympiad about the year of Rome 250. Aristagoras with twenty Athenian Ships took and burnt it After this it was rebuilt and passed under the Empire of the Greeks In the year of Rome 540. Antiochus conquered it In S. John the Apostle's time it received Christianity but for its inconstancy therein became one of the Subjects of his Revelations and now utterly ruined It was a Bishops See Sarduni Planasia an Island on the Coast of Provence in the Mediterranean Sea Sare Sarvus a River of the Low-Countries called Sara by Venantius Fortunatus by the Germans die Saare by the French Sare it ariseth in Mount Vauge in the Borders of Lorain and Alsatia near the Town of Salme and running Northward it watereth Sareck Serwerdon S. Jean Sarsberg and a little above Trier from the South-East falls into the Moselle Sarepta an ancient City of Phoenicia in Syria which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tyre Now called Sarafends or Saphet The Prophet Elias miraculously augmented the Widows Oyl and raised her dead Son to life at this place according to the History of the Old Testament Sargasso or Mar do Sargasso is that part of the Ocean which lies betwixt the Islands of Cape Verde the Canaries and the Continent of Africa so called by the Portugueze Sargathia the Asiatick Tartary a vast Country in Asia Sarisbury or Salisbury or New Sarum Sarisberia Sorviodunum Sarviodunum Severia is the principal City of Wiltshire seated in the North-West part of that County near the Borders of Hampshire and Dorsetshire upon the Rivers of Willey and Alan united into one Stream and falling presently into the Avon in such sort as that most of the Streets of this City have a Stream commodiously running through the midst of them This was anciently a Roman Town by the name of Sorbiodunum seated on a high Hill and therefore destitute of Water Kinrick King of the West Saxons was the first of that Race who possessed it after a Defeat of the Britains in 553. Canutus the Dane much damaged it by Fire in 1003. In the Reign of William the Conquerour it recovered after Herman Bishop of Shirburn had removed the See hither whose next Successor Osman built the Cathedral William the Conquerour summoned hither all the States of England to take an Oath of Allegiance to him Since those times the City is removed Northward and come down into the Plains nearer the Avon Here there was a second Cathedral begun by Richard Poore Bishop of this See in 1218. Finished by Bridport the third Bishop from Poore in 1258. which is one of the greatest and most beautiful Churches in England Having twelve Gates fifty two Windows three hundred sixty five Pillars great and small answering to the Months Weeks and Days of the year The glory of this Diocese was the most Learned and Industrious Bishop John Jewel consecrated Jan. 21. 1559. died Sept. 23. 1571. In 1153. Patrick d'Eureux was created Earl of Salisbury and his Son William succeeded in that Honour In 1â—97 William Long-espee a Natural Son to Henry II. by the beautiful Râ—samond marrying Ella the Daughter of William d' Eureux had this Honour In 1333. William d' Montacute King of Man became the fifth Earl whose Male Line in four Descents enjoyed the Honour till the year 1428. when it passed to Richard Nevil who married Eleanor the Daughter of Thomas Montacute Lord Chancellour In 1472. George Duke of Clarence second Brother to Edward IV. had it in Marriage with Isabel Daughter of Richard Nevil the second Earl of that Line In 1477. Edward eldest Son of Richard III. married Ann the second Daughter of the said Richard and had this Honour In 1514. Margaret Daughter of George Duke of Clarence was by Henry VIII created Countess of Salisbury In 1605. Robert Lord Cecil was by James I. created Earl of Salisbury in which Line it still is Sarlat Sarlatum a City of Aquitain in France in the Province of Perigort which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux It stands upon a River of the same Name one League from the Dordonne betwixt the Dordogne and the Vezere as it were in an Island eight from Perigueux to the South-East and thirty from Bourdeaux to the North-East Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII in 1317. by the change of its ancient Benedictine Abbey into a Cathedral having before been a part of the Diocese of Perigueux It is so strongly situated as to withstand two Sieges in the Civil Wars in 1652. Sarmatia and Sauromatia This vast Region in ancient Geography was divided into Sarmatia Asiatica Europaea and Germanica Sarmatia Asiatica lay properly towards the Borders of Europe and Asia with the Northern Ocean to the North the Pontus Euxinus to the South Scythia to the East and Sarmatia Europaea to the West now contained in the Northern Muscovia in the Provinces of Samoyeda Duina Permski Lucomeria c. Sarmatia Europea had for Bounds both the other Sarmatia's with the Euxine Sea making now Russia And Sarmatia Germanica took up the greatest part of the present Kingdom of Poland being divided from the European Sarmatia by the Nieper to the East from the Borders of Germany by the Vistula to the West from Dacia by the Neister and the Carpathian Mountains to the South with the Baltick Sea and the Gulph of Finland to the North. Sarnagans Sarnagan Sargans Serlandt a Town and County in Switzerland subject to the seven
Territory of Padoua in Italy Sclavonia the Southern Province of the Lower Hungary called by the Italians Schiavonia by the Germans die Sclavinien by the Poles Slovienska Ziemia The middle Ages under this Name comprehended Illyricum Dalmatia Croatia Bosnia and this which is now called Sclavonia On the North it has the Drave a great River which parts it from the Lower Hungary on the East the Danube on the South the Save which divides it from Croatia Bosnia and Servia and on the West Carniola and Stiria The length of it from the Town of Kopranitz in the West to the fall of the Drave into the Danube in the East is fifty German Miles its breadth from the Drave to the Save twelve This Country was first possessed by the Pannonians after that by the Goths about 386 who were Conquered by the Sclaves about 550. About 1200. these People became Tributaries to the Kings of Hungary About 1544. this Country was first subdued by Solyman the Magnificent In 1687. after the Battel of Mohats the Turkish Army mutining against the Prime Vizier all this Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor the Turks deserting it without any blows The German̄s upon their return were very well pleased with the Fertility of it The Chief Towns in it are Gradisca Esseck and Possega which is the Capital City The Inhabitants are great lovers of War and pray for nothing more earnestly than that they may die with their Arms in their Hands Scodra a City of Illyricum attributed by Livy and Ptolemy to Dalmatia and in those times the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum Now the Capital City of Albania and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari great and populous it stands upon the River Boiana Barbana twenty four Miles from the Adriatick Sea and eighty from Ragusa to the North East Twice besieged by the Turks under Mahomet II. without success and in 1478. resigned to them for a Peace by the Venetians The Inhabitants call it Scadar the Turks Iscodar and the Italians Scutari The Lake Labeatis out of which the Boiana Springs takes the name now of the Lake of Sclitari Long. 44. 20. Lat. 42. 24. Scone Scona a celebrated Abbey in the County of Perth upon the Tay three Miles from S. Johnston to the North West in which the Kings of Scotland for many Ages were Crowned Scopia Scapi a City of the Vpper Moesia and the Capital of Dardania in the Borders of Macedonia in the times of Ptolemy now called Scopia by the Italians and Vschub by the Turks It is a great populous City in Servia an Archbishop's See and the Seat of the Sangiack of Servia feated in a fruitful Plain upon the River Vardar over which it has a Stone Bridge of twelve Arches one hundred Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West ten from Sophia to the West and about the same distance from Giustandil to the South The River upon which it stands falls into the Bay of Thessalonica Scotland Scotia is the second Kingdom in Great Britain called by the French l' Escosse by the Italians Scotia by the Germans Schottlandt On the East it is bounded by the German Ocean on the North by the Deucalidonian Sea and the Isles of Orkney on the West by the Vergivian Ocean and the Irish Sea on the South by the River Tweed the Cheviot Hills and the adjacent Tract to Solway Sands whereby it is separated from England Solway Fyrth lies in deg 56. of Latitude and the most Northern point lies in 60 30. by which it should be three hundred and fifteen English Miles in length Polydore Virgil reckons four hundred and eighty its breadth is no where above sixty and its form Triangular with many great Inlets and Arms of the Ocean which indent both the Eastern and Western sides of it The Soil especially towards the North is generally barren affords little Timber and no Fruit Trees The Southern parts are more fruitful the Air in both sharp and cold It is divided into two parts the Southern and the Northern by Dunbritain and Edenburgh Fyrth The South part called the Low-Lands is fuller of Cities and great Towns the People are more rich and better civilized as not only Inhabiting a better Country but driving a Trade at Sea The Northern or High-Lands are more barren and poor the Inhabitants accordingly patient of want and hunger and very temperate in their Diet without which Virtues they could not subsist South Scotland is divided into twenty one North Scotland into thirteen Counties For the Ecclesiastical Government they have two Archbishops S. Andrews who has eight and Glascow who has three Suffragan Bishops under him In the times of the Romans this Country was called Caledonia and Albania the People Picts from their custom of Painting their Bodies The Romans never extended their Conquests beyond the South of Scotland because they thought the Northern and barrener parts not worth their pains The remaining Inhabitants after the withdrawing of the Roman Garrisons from the Northern parts of Britain became very troublesome to the Britains and forced them to call in the Saxons about 449 who Conquered the South parts of Scotland and possess it to this day The Scots or Irish about the same time entered the Western parts of Scotland and by degrees united first with the Picts or Highlanders by their assistance Conquered the Saxons and gained the Sovereignty of that whole Kingdom But there being no Letters here the Story of these times is very dark which has occasioned great Controversies concerning the time of the Scots coming out of Ireland About 839 the Picts were intirely subdued by Kenneth II. first sole King of all Scotland This Line continued under twenty three Princes to 1285. When Alexander III. dying without Issue there began a tedious and bloody contest about the Succession which was referred to Edward I. of England who adjudged the Crown to John Baliol an Englishman He Rebelling against his Benefactor was defeated by that Prince who following his blow made himself Master of Scotland and kept it to his death In 1307. Robert Bruce the other Competitor overthrew the English established himself King of Scotland and Reigned till 1332 when the Kingdom divided again between Edward Baltol and David Bruce which latter prevailed at first against his Competitor but fell under the power of the English where he was many years a Prisoner In 1371. Rob. II. Surnamed Steward descended from the eldest Daughter of David Bruce succeeded In 1602. James VI. the ninth in this Line succeeded after Queen Elizabeth to the Crown of England as Descended both by Father and Mother from Margaret the eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England the whole Line of Henry VIII being extinguished The Christian Religion was Planted here by different Persons and at several times The Saxon Scots were Converted by Aidan the first Bishop of Lindisferne about 635. The South-Eastern by Nimas Bishop of Candida Casa or White Herne about 555. The Highlanders or
the Hundred of Blithing near Southwould-bay adorned with a remarkable high and fair Church Waldhust Valdhusta a small City in the Province of Schwaben in Germany upon the Rhine in the Territory of Kâ—egow 7 German Miles from Basil to the East 5 from Schafhouse and 2 from Laâ—fenburgh Under the Emperor Wales Vallia is a Principality on the West of England Bounded on the West and North by the Irish Sea on the East by Cheshire Shrapshire Herefordshire and Monmouthshire this latter being a long time a part of it and on the South by the Severn Sea It contains twelve Shires Pembroke Caermarden Glamorgan Brecknock Radnor Cardigan Mountgomery Merioneth Denbigh Flint Caernarvon and Anglesey After many and those most bloody Wars this Principality was finally united for ever to the Crown of England by Edward I. in 1284. Prince Edward his eldest Son made Prince of Wales which Title to the Heir apparent of England still belongs The rest of its description is given in the proper places Wallingford a Market Town and Corporation in Berkshire in the Hundred of Moreton upon the River Thames here covered with a Bridge a famous place both in the Roman and Saxon times It is the antient Guallena the Seat of the Attrebatii a British Tribe and under the West-Saxons was the Capital Town of these parts being adorned with 12 Parish Churches a Castle of great strength and Walls which were a Mile in circuit The Tracts and Ruines of those Walls yet appear and part of the Castle together with one Church which declension from its pristine State was occasioned by a Plague in 1348. It retains the Honor of the Election of two Members to represent it in the lower House of Parliament Wallisserlandt Valinsa Vallesia a great Canton in Switzerland called by the French Vallais or Vallays by the Germans Wallisserlandt by the Italians Vallesia It extends from East to West between the Canton of Schwitz to the North and East the Dukedom of Milan and Aouste to the South and Savoy to the West The Capital of it is Sytten or Syon and the other principal Cities are Martigny and S. Maurice This Canton was united for ever to the rest in the general League in 1533. It s extent from East to West is almost 100 Miles its breadth between 15 and 30. The Religion here professed is the Roman Catholick for the maintenance of which the Bishop who is their Prince combined with the 7 Popish Cantons in 1572. It is a pleasant fruitful Valley abounding with Saffron Corn Wine and delicate Fruits enriched with Meadows and excellent Pastures surrounded every way with craggy and unpassable Rocks and Mountains which afford but one entrance into it and that defended by two Gates and a Castle These Mountains are at all times covered with Ice and Snow not to be passed by an Army nor easily by a single Person The Walloons the People of the Earldomes of Flanders and Artois in the Low Countries are commonly called by this Name Walsall a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Oâ—â—ow upon the top of a high Hill Walsham North a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Blowfield Walsingham a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of N. Grenehoe Noted formerly for the Concourse of Pilgrims to two Wells called to this day the Virgin Mary's Wells and to the Chappel near them There was also formerly a College of Canons at this Town And the good Saffron it used to yield was no small addition to its Name Waltham-Abbey a Market Town in the County of Essex of great fame formerly for the Abbey it carries in its Name The Capital of its Hundred § Another in the County of Southampton for distinction called Waltham Bishops The Capital of its Hundred also Wana Vana a River of Croatia which watereth Vihitz and then falls into the Save above Gradiska in the Borders of Friuli Wandesworth a Town in the County of Surrey in the Hundred of Brixton upon the River Wandle Some numbers of French Protestants have setled here Wandesdike a large Trench or Dyke in Wiltshire Supposed by Mr. Cambden to be made by the West-Saxons for a Boundary to their Kingdom against the Mercians It lies in the midst of the County extended many Miles from East to West and saw many Battles fought betwixt those two Kingdoms Wang a small River in the County of Suffolk which riâ—eth in Westhall and running East watereth the Town of Wangford then falls into the Blithe a little above Southwould Wantage a Market and Thorough-fare Town in Berkshire in the Hundred of Wanting Waradin Varadinum a great strong City of the Upper Hungary called by its Inhabitants Warad by the Germans Gross-Wardein to distinguish it from Petro Waradin in Sclavonia It stands upon the River Kerez in the Borders of Transylvania to which Principality of latter times it belonged and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colocza defended by a strong Castle In 1660. it was taken by the Turks before which the Crim Tartars took it in 1242. In 1290. Ladislans K. of Hungary built the Cathedral Church It was besieged by a puissant Army of the Turks in 1598. which miscarried But in 1660. they took it by surprise in a time of Peace On the East the Castle stands on the North the River runs it has a Wall with Ramparts after the modern way flanked with 5 Royal Bastions and a good regular Dike which may be filled upon occasion by the River Water within there is another inclosure of 5 Bastions and a high Wall which may serve instead of a Cittadel This City stands 22 Miles from Giula to the North 80 from Weissemburg to the West and 100 from Buda to the East Lately recovered by the Imperialists from the Turks after a long Blockade and Siege The Capital of a County of its own name Longit. 44. 56. Latit 47. 08. Warasdin Variana Varsdinum a City of Stiria Warburgh an Imperial and Hanseatique City in the Circle of Westphalia in Germany Warczkovie more the Russian Name of the Baltick Sea Wardhus Vardhusia the North part of the Kingdom of Norway Bounded on the North by the frozen Sea on the East by the Russ Lapland on the West by Drontheim and on the South by the Swedish Lapland It has only one Town of its own Name and a few Villages of no value Under the King of Denmark Ware a Market Town in Hartfordshire in the Hundred of Branghing upon the River Lea from whence a Channel of the New River Water is cut for serving of London Warfe a River in Yorkshire falling into the Are below Pontefract and into the Ouse below York Otley Wetherby and Tadcaster stand upon it Warham a Market Town and Corporation in Dorsetshire in the Hundred of Winfrith situated at the fall of the Rivers Frome and Biddle into Luckford Lake to which it hath a Harbour defended formerly by a strong Wall and a Castle But as the two latter
Founder of the University of Paris borrowed those Lights which have since glittered there About 867 the Danes had so weakened this City the second time that Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland brake easily through its VValls and fought the Danes in the City where both these valiant Princes were slain and the Danes remained Masters of it It was recovered again out of the Hands of the Danes by King Athelstane in 928 and was a City of sixteen hundred and twenty eight Mansions in the Reigns of Edward the the Confessor and William the Conqueror In 1069 the fourth year of the Conqueror's Reign Sweno the Dane and Edgar Atheling the lawful Prince of England with the Scots attacking this place the Normans siring the Suburbs the City took fire too and the Enemy entring at the same time Fire and Sword almost destroyed it Those few Citizens which escaped were made a Sacrifice to the Jealousie of William the Conqueror In the Reign of King Stephen Egberts Library the Cathedral and a great part of the City was burnt by a casual Fire Nor was the Cathedral rebuilt before the Reign of Edward I. At which time the Citizens also rebuilt the Walls of the City Richard II. made it a County incorporate by it self Annexing a small Territory to it on the West side in which the Archbishops of York enjoy the Rights of Palatines Richard III. began the Repair of the Castle which ended with his short Reign Henry VIII erected here a Court of Chancery for the North not much unlike the Parliaments of France which lasted till the War in 1640 put a period to it Charles I. retired hither in 1641 when the Tumults of London forced him from thence This City stood firmly to him and had certainly restored him to his rightful Dominion and Authority had not the Scots broke their Faith and entred England the second time in 1644 who joyning with Manchester and Fairfax besieged this City with three Armies Prince Rupert came up and relieved it July 31. But the Kings Forces being defeated at Marstonmoor soon after July 16. this Loyal City was delivered up to the Parliament upon Honorable Terms and ill kept by the prosperous Rebels Long. 22 25. Lat. 54. 10. Cambden Yorkshire Eboracensis Comitatus the far greatest County of England Divided for Civil Affairs into three Ridings or smaller Counties Bounded on the North by the Bishoprick of Durham cut off by the River Tees on the West by Lancashire and Westmoreland on the South by Cheshire Darbyshire Nottingham and Lincolnshire cut off by the Humber On the whole Eastern side it is beaten by the German Sea In length from North to South near seventy Miles in breadth eighty in compass three hundred and eight inclosing five hundred and sixty three Parishes and forty nine Market Towns with many Chappels of Ease as large and populous as Parishes The East-riding is comprehended betwixt the River Derwent and the Sea being the least The North-riding extends as far as Westmorland and the West-riding which is the largest is bounded by the two other Ridings to the North the Counties of Derby and Nottingham with Cheshire to the South Lincolnshire to the East and Lancashire to the West The Air is generally temperate the Earth fruitful Affords besides Corn and Grass excellent Mines of Coal and Lead and Quarries of Stone Beside the Tees and Humber its mentioned boundaries and the Dun which separates a part of it from Lincolnshire Herâ— is the Swale You re Nyd Warfe Are Calder Derwent all falling into the Ouse at or below York and the Hull falling into the Humber at Hull The ancient Inhabitants of it were the Brigantes who were conquered by the Romans with great difficulty about the year 57. in the Reign of Nero. About the year 547. Ina Conquered this County and began the Kingdom of Northumberland of which this was a part After the Conquest the first and only Earl of York which we find upon Record is Otho of Bavaria in 1190. In 1385. Edmund of Langley fifth Son of Edward III. Earl of Cambridge was Created Duke of York In 1401. Edward his Son In 1415. Richard his Grandchild succeeded in this Duchy In 1474. Richard of Shrewsbury second Son of Edward IV. had this Title In 1495. Henry second Son of Henry VII who was after King of England had it In 1604. Charles second Son of King James I. In 1643. James second Son of Charles I. was Created Duke of York So that the three last Dukes of York have been afterwards Kings of England Youre a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse at York Rippon and Boroughbridge stand upon it Yperen or Ypres Hyprae a City in the Earldom of Flanders which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlin by the Institution of P. Paul IV. It is very strong and has a new Cittadel Taken by the French March 26. in 1678 and still in their Hands This City stands in a fruitful Plain upon a River of the same Name six Leagues from Newport to the South five from Courtray towards Calais and thirteen from Gand or Gaunt Yssel Isala Aliso Isla Fossa Drusiana a River in the Low Countries believed to be a Branch of the Rhine but indeed a Cut made by Drusius a Roman Prince and General under Augustus the Emperor It parts from the North Branch of the Rhine above Arnham and bearing North watereth Doesburg Zutphen Deventer Zwol Campen and parting the Velewe from Over-Yssel falls into the Zuyder Zee It took this Name from a smaller River called Alt-Yssel the Old Yssel which arising near Heyden in Cleve watereth Schermbeeck Ringeberg Weert Ysselburg Aenholt taking in the Aa Burg Dotekom and at Doesburg falls into this Cut or Branch of the Rhine Yvica See Ivica Yvoix a small but strong Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh upon the River Chiers four Leagues from Montmedi to the West twelve from Luxemburgh and two from Sedan to the East Taken and dismantled by the French in 1552. Refortified by the Spaniards and retaken by the French recovered by the Spaniards in 1637. And I believe returned under the French again Yupi a Kingdom in the Asiatick Tartary East of the Kingdom of Niuche Z A. ZAara or Saara a vast Desert in Africa extending from East to West between Biledulgerida to the North Nigritia to the South Nubia to the East and the Atlantick Ocean to the West The Seat of the ancient Getuli and Garamantes Modern Geographers have discovered some Towns Lakes and Riverâ— there which give names to the respective desarts about them Berdoa and Zuenziga are of this number But generally Sands Scorpions and Monsters Lions Tigers and Ostriches take up the Habitations of these Desarts Mar de Zabacche the same with Limen or the Palus Moeotis Zaberen Elsas Zabera Tabernae a City of the Lower Alsatia upon the River Sorr four German Miles from Strasburg to the West Called by the French Saverne The usual Residence of the Bishop of
it standing in the Confines of these two Countries or Kingdoms and sometimes ascribed to the one sometimes to the other It lies thirty Miles from Philippos to the East and seventy five from Thessalonica to the East Now under Bondage to the Turks Long. 50. 00. Lat. 41. 30. Emeley Auna Emelia a small City in the County of Tipperary in the Province of Mounster in Ireland in the Confines of the County of Limerick upon the River Eslason which falls into the River More or Broadwater Heretofore great populous and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Cashel in the same County This City lies twenty four Miles from Limerick to the East Emenia an ancient Name of Thessalia Emilia a Province of the antient Italy lying along the Emiliana via which denominated it from Ariminum to Placentia and comprehending a part of the present Estates of the Pope the Dukes of Parma Modena Mantoua and Mirandola Call'd also Flaminia Emmaus a Village in the Tribe of Juda in Palestine distant from Jerusalem about sixty Furlongs Luc. 24. 13. At which our Saviour after his Resurrection discovered his Person to two of his Disciples by sitting down to eat with them and then vanished out of their Sight It is mentioned by Pliny upon the Account of some remarkable Fountains there The Devotion of Christians had advanced it to the Dignity of an Episcopal See and built it a Monastery before the Turks converted it into a Village again much more desolate than before inhabited by the Arabians only Emmen Amma a River of Switzerland deriving its beginning from the Valley of Lemmethal and after the reception of some Rivulets falling into the Aar below Soleurre Emmerick or Embrick Embrica Emmerica a large fair and rich Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany upon the Eastern Banks of the Rhine betwixt Cleves and the Fort of Skein adorned with a Collegiate Church ever since the year 700. It is in the Possession of the Duke of Brandenburgh The Hollanders took it from the Spaniards in the year 1600. The French from the Hollanders in 1672. who the year after put it into the Duke of Brandenburgh's Hands Empurias Emporiae Castrum Aragonense Tibulae a strong City in the Western Quarter of the Island of Sardinia upon the River Termo or Termi or Aragonese with a good Port and a Cittadel and a Bishop's See in Conjunction with that of Terra Nova in the same Island It is more vulgarly now called Castel Aragonese because it was the first Town the Spaniards of Aragon possessed themselves of after the grant of Sardinia by Pope Boniface VIII to James II. King of Aragon about the Year 1296. Ems Eems Amasius Amisius Amasia Amasis a River of Germany which riseth in the Diocese of Paderborne near Wrle in a very deep Valley from a slow but plentiful Spring two Miles and an half from Paderborne to the North then running Westward and taking in the VVrle the Dalke and the Luter three small Rivers it entereth the Bishoprick of Munster having first passed by Retburgh the Capital of a small Country and watereth VVidenbrug or VVarendorp and receives the Hessel from Ravensberg on the South so passing Eme and Tillegt it receives from the North the VVerse and a little lower the Aa which watereth the City of Munster then turning North it passeth the Rhine and takes in another Aa on the East so by Linge he proceeds to Meppen where it admits the Hase a considerable River on the East too then passing by Landegge on the West and Nienhus on the East it entereth East-Friesland at the Fort of Oort takes in Soste from the East and by Oldersum and Nendorp passeth by Emden which takes its present as well as ancient Name from it and the Bay of Dullart into the German Ocean Enchuysen Enckuysen Ancusanum Enchusa is a small City belonging to the Vnited Provinces in Holland in that Part called West-Friesland which has a large and safe Haven upon the Zuyder Sea and affords excellent Pilots not above three Miles from Horn to the East and eight from Amsterdam to the North It stands on the Western shoar at the Entrance of the Zuyder Zee and was one of the first Towns that revolted and turned out the Spaniards in 1572. It had been burnt in 1279. But rebuilt and qualified with the Privileges of a City by VVilliam Earl of Holland in 1355. Encre Incra a River in Picardy in France with a Fort of the same Name upon it which falls into the Some at Corvie Enderen See Adrianople Endromit Adramyttium a City of the Lesser Asia in Phrygia and a Sea-Port upon the Archipelago over against the Island of Metellino Mitilene called by Europeans Andramiti by the Turks Edromit as Leunclavius affirms and by others S. Dimitri It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ephesus and I suppose is that which is called Landimetri in the later Maps seventeen German Miles North of Smyrna The Bay is called by the same Name and sometimes extended to all the Sea between this Town and the Island of Metellino sometimes contracted to that only which entereth the Shoars of Asia Hofman confirms my Conjecture and shews that this City has a Phoenician Name from Bochart it stands in a rich and fruitful Soil mentioned by Livy lib. 37. by Strabo lib. 13. by S. Paul Acts xxvii 2. Long. 55. 00. Lat. 40. 40. Engaddi or Engedi an ancient City of the Tribe of Judah in Palestine situated in a fruitful Soil for Wine as the Comparison intimates Cant. 1. 14. King David had an Opportunity to kill Saul in a Cavern of a Mountain near this Place Ptolemy and Stephanus mention it Engern Angria the seat of the ancient Angrivarii a Town in the Earldom of Ravensberg in the Province of Westphalia in Germany seven or eight Leagues from Munster Famous for the Tomb of Witichindus a Duke of the Saxons of high Renown in the time of Carolus M. The Elector of Cologne stiles himself Duke of this Place Engers a fair Town and Castle with a noble Bridge over the Rhine in the Archbishoprick of Trier in Germany betwixt Coblentz and Andernach Engia or Egina an Island of the Archipelago towards Europe at the Mouth of the Gulph of its own Name which was the Sinus Saronicus of the Ancients to the East of the Province of Sacania in the Morea and near Athens The Inhabitants whereof in former Ages were in a Condition to dispute with the Athenians for the Soveraignty of the Sea It is about thirty six Miles in Circuit The Capital City Engia which hath been the Seat of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Athens since Christianity but now no more than a Village and the whole Island unprovided of a good Port. In 1537. the Turkish Admiral Barberousse took this Island from the Venetians who retaking it in 1654. ruined all its Fortifications and abandoned it to the Plunder of their Soldiers The Relicts of two Famous Temples the one dedicated to
Jupiter the other to Venus heretofore are yet visible upon it England Anglia called by the French Angleterre by the Italians Inghilterra by the Germans Engel-landt by the Spaniards Inglaterra is the greatest the most Southern and the best Part of the Island of Great Britain called heretofore Albion Britannica and Britannia Which noble Island is divided into three Parts England Wales and Scotland England has Scotland on the North the Irish Sea in part and Wales in part and then the Irish Sea again on the West the British Sea on the South and the German Sea on the East Between 17. and 22. Deg. of Long. between 50. and 57. of N. Lat. It lies together with Wales in the Form of a great Triangle whereof the Southern Shoar is the Base and Berwick the opposite Angle from whence to the Lands End it is accounted three hundred eighty six Miles Long and two hundred seventy nine Broad containing in that Compass about thirty Millions of Acres of Land It was divided by the Romans into five Parts by the Saxons into seven Kingdoms and now into forty one Shires or Counties In which the Parishes amount to about ten thousand The Air is very Temperate both in Winter and Summer being warmed in the one and cooled in the other by the Sea-Vapors the Soil for the most part very fruitful watered with three hundred twenty five Rivers The Inhabitants Valiant and Industrious And as Nature has given it whatever is absolutely necessary to the Life of Man so the Natives by their Trade and Commerce bring in from abroad what may be had throughout the World for Convenience Delight Magnificence and Ornament It has also the best Government and the best constituted Religion of any Nation in the World and as much Learning Civility Arts and Trade as any other Our Fleets excel at Sea our Foot at Land those of all other Nations In short we want nothing to make us happy but Gratitude to God and Union amongst our selves This Island became first known to the Romans about fifty years before the Birth of Christ Julius Caesar entered it with a Fleet in the Year of the World 3895. and renewed his Attempt the year following but the Civil Wars breaking out between him and Pomper the Romans made little Progress here though they kept their Ground till the Reign of Claudius who entered Britain in Person and staying not long his General Aulus Plautius carried on the War so that he took in the greatest part of this Island now called England and under him Vespasian learned the Art of War Didius Avitus succeeded as General and Nero as Emperor under whom the Romans were in great Danger of an utter Extirpation from the Britains But this Storm blowing over they conquered all they cared for as far the Fyrths of Galloway and Edinburgh in Scotland only their ordinary and standing Bounds were between Newcastle and Carlisle They continued their Possession till the year of Christ 433. and then withdrew to desend their nearer Dominions on the Continent against the prevailing barbarous Northern Nations In 449. the Saxons were called in to help the Britains against the Picts those Nations that had never been subject to the Romans in the North of Britain In 455. Hengist their General set up the Kingdom of Kent and began the Conquest of the British By the year 819. the Heptarchy or seven Kingdoms of the Saxons united in one under Egbert King of the West-Saxons which Union received its utmost Perfection under Alfrid about 873. The Danes who had given Occasion to this Union pursuing their Depredations at last conquered the Saxons in 1018. and set up Sweno a Prince of their own In 1042. Edward the Confessor restored the Saxon Line which was broken by William the Conqueror in 1066. But the Blood was again restored by Henry II. in 1155. Edward I. united Wales in 1246. K. Henry II. began and K. John finished the Conquest of Ireland about the Year 1184. in the Reign of Richard I. his Brother In the year 1602. James I. K. of Scotland succeeding Qu Elizabeth of Blessed Memory united Scotland to England And the great Rebellion in 1640. ended in 1660. by the Restitution of Charles the Merciful and Just Yet the Miseries that brought it in the Calamities that attended it and the Judgments that have followed it may be eternal Monitors to English Men to be Loyal to the King and stedfast to the Church Engur Astelfus a River of Asia which springeth from Mount Caucasus and watering Mengrelia falls into the Euxine or Black Sea between Charus and Hippus Twenty Miles North of Chobus another River of the same Country Engury Ancyra a City of Galatia in the Lesser Asia upon the River Parthenius now Sangari which falls into the Black Sea at Cangary This was the Metropolis of Galatia yet seated in the Confines of Paphlagonia on an advanced Ground And made Famous by a Council here held in 314. and another in 357. Called by the Turks Enguri Engouri Angouri or Anguri fifty Miles to the East from Scutari and sixty from Smyrna to the N. East It is now considerable and the Capital of one of the Turkish Provinces in Asia Mithridates the Famous King of Pontus was overthrown by Pompey near this City-Bajazet the Turk in the year 1403. was in the same Place taken Prisoner by Tamerlane the Scythian Conqueror Long. 62. 10. Lat. 42. 30. Enham Aenhamum a Town in the County of Southampton in the Hundred of Andover Of Note for a Council here congregated of the Bishops of both the Provinces in the Year 1009. under the Reign of King Ethelred Enkoping Enecopia a Town in the Province of Vplandia in the Kingdom of Sweden near the Lake Meler five or six Leagues from Vpsal Enna an ancient City standing heretofore in the Center of the Island of Sicily and Famous both for a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Ceres Ennea and for the excellentest Springs in all the Island which are applauded by Cicero and Diodorus The Bellum Servile of Sicily was raised by Syrus Ennus of this Place and ended with the Reduction of this Place also under the Conduct of Pimperna Eno Aenos a City of Thrace called by the Turks Ygnos by the Greeks Eno. It stands on the Archipelago at the Mouth of the River Hebrus now Mariza which runs a little South of Adrianople and here falls into the Sea over against the Isle of Samandrachi forty Miles from the new Dardanels to the North and sixty five English Miles from Adrianople South Is now a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Enrichemont See Boisbelle Ens Claudivium Claudionum Anisus is both a River and a City of Austria the River riseth in the Bishoprick of Saluburgh near Rachstad and running North-East as far as Newmarckt it takes in that of Celstal North-West it meets the Steyr at Steyr Castle and there it turns to the North and washeth the East Side of the City of Ens half a German
It became a Bishops See in Christian times but now ruined under the Tarks and called Bassa Papous or la Tierra dos Papoas as the Portugueze call it and Terre des Papous as the French is a Country in the Terra Australis to the East of the Islands Ceram and Gilola in the East-Indies near the Equinoctial Line by some made to be a part of New Guinee by others separated from it by a small Streight The Princes of the neighbouring Islands have the Natives in Esteem for Courage and Fidelity Pappenheim a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon the River Altmul adorned with the Title of a Barony formerly now an Earldom It gave its Name and Title to the famous General Pappenheim in the late German Wars Para a City in the North part of Brasil upon the River of Amazons under the Dominion of the Portuguese forty Miles above the fall of that River Long. 328. Lat. 01. 30. There belongs to this City a Province of the same Name called Capitania de Para. Paragoja an Island of the East-Indies called likewise Puloan and Calamianes between Borneo to the South-West and Manilla to the North East an hundred Miles in length twenty in breadth and two hundred in circuit It is one of the Philippine Islands which was never conquered by the Europeans Not very fertile or well peopled Paraguay Paraguaia a vast Country in the South America the greatest part of which is subject to the Spaniards Bounded on the East by Brasil on the South by Magellanica on the West by Peru and the Kingdom of Chili It is divided into seven Counties which are sruitful in all things with Mines and Sugars Not many Spanish Colonies are settled in it yet it has one Bishop at l' Assumption and another at Buenos Ayres This Province takes its Name from the River Paraguay which signifies the River of Feathers It ariseth from the Lake of Xaraies and going South receives the River of Plata and many others and at last by a vast Mouth falls into the Sea of Magellan This is one of the greatest Rivers of America Paraiba a strong City in Brasil which has a large Haven and gives name to a Province called the Government or Capitania de Paraiba Not above eight Miles from the North Sea upon a River of the same name It was long since inhabited by five hundred Portuguese besides Slaves and Negroes and being unwalled its best security was the Fort of S. Francis built by the French and taken by the Portuguese in 1585. In 1634. both the City and Fort were forced to submit to the Dutch Valour who new named them Frederickstadt But the Portuguese have at last recovered the Possession of it These latter have sometimes called the City Nostra Sennora das Nieves Parana a River and Province of Paraguay The Spaniards have about four Colonies in this Province Paranaiba Paranayba a River and a Province on the Consines of Brasil The River falls in that of the Amazons on the South Side of which the Province lies Paray-le-Moineau Pareium Moniacum a Town in the Dukedom of Burgogne in France in the Territory of Charolois upon the River Brebinche two Leagues from the Loyre Pardiac Pardiniacum a County in Aquitain in France Parenzo Parentum Parentium a small City in Histria under the Venetians which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja It stands seven Miles from Citta Nuoua to the South twenty eight from Gapo di Istria and eighty from Venice to the East upon a Peninsula well sortified having a convenient Haven But not much inhabited by reason of the unhealthfulness of the Air. Paria a Province in the Terra Firma in South America near the Shoars of the North Sea and under the Dominion of the Spaniards between the River Orinoque to the East and the Venetola to the West This is a principal Member of New Andalusia from hence often called Paria There are some few Colonies of Spaniards in it and a Gulph of its Name Parimao a Lake in South America which which bounds the Country of Guiana on the South under the Line Some call it Roponouvini It has not hitherto been fully discovered by the Europeans Parinacocha a Province of Peru towards the Andes under the Spaniards Pario Parium a City of the Lesser Asia upon the Propontis twenty Miles from Lampsaco to the East and thirty from Cyzicus now Spinga It has a large Haven and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spinga Paris Leutetia Luotetia Lucetia Leucotetia Parisii and Lutetia Parisiorum the Capital City of the Kingdom of France boasted by Baudrand to be the greatest City of Europe with a Nemine reclamante no body denying it to be so This was a celebrated City in the Times of the Roman Empire Julian the Apostate whilst he was Caesar only resided here in the Reign of Constantius and adorned it with Baths and a Palace But its greatest Rise was from the Franks Clodoveus settling the Royal Throne in this City about the year 458. Julius Caesar is the first that mentions it it was then very small being wholly contained in an Island in the Seyne not exceeding forty Acres which had then a Wooden Bridge over the River In this Isle the Cathedral Church now is and the Palace of the first French Kings From the times of Clodoveus the first Christian King as long as that Race lasted it grew mightily and became very considerable But under the Caroline Line it was very little improved those Princes not fixing here or in any other place In the year 585 it happened to be almost all burnt In 845 856 886 and 890 the Normans by Sieges and Incursions did extremely endamage it In 896 it was very hardly preserved out of the Hands of the Normans as to the Island what stood out of the Island was redeemed from Ruin by Money The Posterity of Hugh Capet on the other side fixed here and bestowed great Sums of Money in enlarging and adorning this City Charles the Great about the year 796 at the Request of Alcuinus a Saxon opened an University here to whose further Grandeur King Lewis the Seventh and Philip the August contributed very much The College of Sorbonne holds the first place therein In the year 1034 it suffered another Fire and in 1206 a terrible Inundation of the River Seine In 1420 Henry V. of England possessed himself of this City by marrying Catharine the Daughter of Charles VI. of France In the year 1422 Henry VI. Son of this Victorious but short lived Prince was crowned King of France in Paris And again in 1431. After this it remained in the Hands of the English till the year 1435. The Divisions of England under Henry VI. made way for the lâ—ss of France The year 1572 brought great and unparallel'd Infamy and Calamity upon this potent City 10000 Gentlemen being assassinated within her Walls who came thither upon the Publick Faith to the Celebration of a Marriage
in cold Blood and in a time of Peace In 1588 the Inhabitants became almost as infamous by the Baracades against Henry III whereby the Life of that Prince was indangered and he driven out of his Royal Palace by a Seditious Subject who made himself the Head of a Faction under the Pretence of Preserving the Religion of his Country In 1589 Henry III. was stabbed by James Clement a Dominican Fryar under the Walls of Paris just as he was upon the point of revenging the Insolence of the Baracades The year 1590 was no less miserable this City being by a Siege reduced by Henry IV. to so dreadful a Famine as is scarce any where else to be read of In the year 1610 the same Streets were stained with the Blood of Henry IV. slain by Râ—villac another Enthusiastick Monk on the same Pretence that his Predecessor was In the year 1649 they suffered the Calamities of another Siege and were forced to comply with the Queen Mother of France by Famine In the year 1622 at the request of King Lewis XIII Pope Gregory XV. raised the Bishop of Paris to the Honour of an Archbishop with three Suffragans under him the Bishops of Chartres Meaux and Orleans In 1674 the Diguity of a Dukedom and Peerdom was added to the Archbishoprick by the present King Lewis XIV This great City is seated on the Seyne forty five Leagues from the British Sea Long. 23. 20. Lat. 48. 38. Charles V. Emperor others write Sigismond used to say he had seen in France one Village Poictiers one City Orleans and one World Paris The City-Walls have eight Gates those of the University nine The Houses are computed to about fifty thousand there is a great number of Hospitals Abbeys Monasteries Ecclesiastical Seminaries Churches and Palaces amongst which latter the Louvre obtainâ— the Preeminence begun by King Philip the August in 1214 and since by times gloriously enlarged and adorned by Charles V. Francis I. Henry II. Charles IX Henry IV. Lewis XIII and XIV Many Councils have been celebrated here whereof the eldest and one of the most remarkable is that about the year 362 against the Arrians held by S. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers The Territory about this City has the name of Parisis reaching heretofore as far as to Pontoise one way and to Claye towards la Brie another And our Author reports that the Villages and Castles in the space of ten Leagues round amount to the number of ten thousand Parita a Town of New Spain with an Harbour on the South Sea in the Province of Veragna which gives Name to the Bay on which it stands Parma a River of Lombardy in Italy which springeth out of the Appennine in the Borders of the States of Genoua towards Pontremali and running North through the Dukedom of Parma watereth the Capital City of it and ten Miles lower falls into the Po. Parma a City and Colony of the Boii as it is called by Strabo and Pliny now a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Balogna having been under the Archbishop of Ravenna It stands upon a River of the same Name in a fruitful and well watered Country ten Miles from the Po to the South thirty five from Modena to the East and from Pidcenza to the West A great rich populous City adorned with a strong Castle and a Noble Palace in which the Duke of Parma resides In the year 1599 there was an University opened here The Emperor Frederick Barberousse besieged this City two years together without success It is about three Miles in compass Has an Academy of the Ingenious settled in it called Gli innominati and in 1602 there was a Synod assembled here The Dukedom of Parma Parmensis Ditio Lo Stato del Duca di Parma or il Parmegiano is a part of Lombardy bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Milan on the East by that of Modena and on the South by the States of Genoua The Dukedom of Piacenza the Val di Taro and the Estates di Busseto are contained in the Estates of this Duke The principal Cities in it are Parma Borgo S. Donino Fiorenzuola Piaenza and Briscello This Dukedom was erected by Pope Paul III. in in favour of Peter Lewis Farnese his Son whom the Emperor Charles V. disturbed in the Possession thereof for some time in the year 1545. called before his Elevation Alexander Farnese Parnassus a celebrated Mountain in Phocis in Achaia now Livadia consecrated to Apollo and the Muses near to Citheron and Helicon It is now called by the Inhabitants Liacoura about twelve English Miles from the Gulph of Lepanto to the North between Leucadia to the East and Delphi to the West fifty Miles from Corinth to the North-West § There â—has also been in Cappadocia in Asia Minor an Episcopal City of this Name Parnaw Parnavia a City in Livonia subject to the Crown of Sweden in the Province of Esthonia seated at the Mouth of a River of the same Name upon the Bay of Riga fifty five Miles from Revel to the South and from Riga to the North. The Maps place it twenty German Miles from each of them It is little but well fortified has a Castle and an Haven It belonged at first to the Poles but in the last Century was often taken and retaken till 1617 the Swedes finally possessed themselves of it and have kept it ever since Long. 46. 00. Lat. 57. 20. There belongs to it a small Territory or District called by the Poles Woiewodz two Parnawskie which together with the Town is now in the Hands of the Swedes Paropamisus Paropanisus and Paropanissadae a Country and People of the ancient Persia which lay betwixt Bactriana Aria India and Arachosia Ptolemy calls them by divers Names and makes them an extremely savage People Curtius adds they had no Communication with other Nations and that Alexander's Army suffered very much in their Country which was cold and barren It is placed by Moderns in part in the Province of Candahar in Persia and in part in that of Cabul in the East-Indies § A Mountain in this Country did anciently bear the same Name which the Writers of Alexander's Life miscall Caucasus Paros Paro or Pario one of the Islands Cyclades in the Aegean Sea which hath been in all times of paricular Renown for its White Marble The Ancients give it the several Names of Demetrias Pactya Minoa c. It was heretofore in the Possession of the Venetians and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rhodes But in 1470 the Turks became Masters of it Parret a River in Somersetshire the most considerable next to the Avon in the whole County Bridgewater South-Petherton and Crokehorn stand upon it and Longport near it Parshore or Pershore a great Thorough-fare Market Town in Worcestershire upon the River Avon which it covers with a Bridge The Capital of its Hundred Enriched heretofore with an Abbey Parthenai Partheniacum a City in Poictou in France upon the River Tove in the