comparing with his present estate the accideut happned to Lodovvike Sforce hauing Svvizzers in his armie and in the French armie his enemies began to feare least they would ioyne him to that lamentable example he sawe it was likely that they would sooner practise infidelitie and treason agaynst him for the difficultie he had to paye them then agaynst the French men to whom was wanting no money to paye their wages nor to corrupt their mindes wherein this was one matter that confirmed him in his doubt that Iames Stafflier generall of the Svvizzers had asked him his paye with great arrogancie Which neuerthelesse was deferred besides many other difficulties because the treasor that was sent to him out of Germanie was restrayned by the Spanish regimentes that were within Bressia to satisfie so muche of their payes as were due So that in the consideration of these obiections and doubtes together that the daunger was nothing inferior to the feare Caesar brake vp his campe and retyred towards the ryuer of Adda his negligence taking from him the glorie of the victory which fortune and oportunitie seemed to prepare for him for if he had made his approches to Millan but three dayes affore a time which he vaynely consumed affore Asola the French men that lyned in great doubt and incertentie of the comming of the Svvizzers had returned beyonde the Mountes Besides if he had not so soone discamped eyther the Frenche men not reapposing fully in the Svvizzers for the respectes of their contrey men that serued in Caesars campe had followed their first councell or else the Svvizzers taking their excuse vpon the commaundement of their superiors would haue abandoned the French men Caesar passed the ryuer of Adda and was not followed of the Svvizzers who remayned at Loda protesting that if their payes came not within foure dayes they would depart and leaue his seruice But Caesar making his aboade vpon the territories of Bergama gaue them continuall hopes to be satisfied for that he exspected a newe supply of money to be sent him out of Englande he threatned to drawe backe his forces agayne to Millan which estsones recontinued the doubts of the French men who nowe more then euer stoode incertayne of the fidelitie of the Svvizzers for that besides they had willingly forslowed their comming with protestation that they would neuer lift vp their weapons agaynst their contrey men in the other campe there was come to them a commaundement from the Cantons to forsake the paye of the French men In so much as there were two thousande of them that went away leauing behind them great feare least the others would follow their example notwithstanding the Cantons had assured the king that they had giuen secret commaundement to their footemen to the contrarie At laste Caesar after he had leauyed vpon the towne of Bergama an impost of xvj thousande duckets and was gone towardes Crema vnder hope of an intelligence returned estsones vpon the territories of Bergama without doing any thing and determined to withdrawe him selfe to Trenta He communicated with the Capteines of the army his deliberation assuring them that his principall intention was to giue order for money whiche he ment to leauie of men with the which and with the treasor of Englande that was vppon the way he would make a short returne desiring them to temporise exspect with him so good preparation And they hauing sacked Loda and forced the castell without artillerie retyred to Guiaradada for want of vittells after they had also made pillage of the towne of S. Ange. After the departing of Caesar there was some hope that the Svvizzers with whom was ioyned the whole army at Romano would estesones passe the ryuer of Adda the rather for that the Marquis of Brandebourg was come to the campe and the Cardinall of Syon to Bergama with thirtie thousande duckets which the king of Englande had sent for feare whereof the duke of Burbon whom almoste all the Svvizzers and the Venetian souldiors had forsaken was come vpon the shoares on the other side the ryuer to make resistaunce but the thoughtes of thenemies were sodenly chaunged for that the Svvizzers the money not suffising to satisfie their whole pay dispersed and returned into their contrey by the vallie of Voltolina And for the same cause a regiment of three thousande footemen parte Spanishe and parte Dutche came and rendred them selues to the campe of the French men and the Venetians who being passed the ryuer of Adda had not ceassed to trauell thenemies with sundrie incursions and to skirmishe with them with diuerse fortunes and accidentes sometimes the French men had the worse who in a hoat skirmishe made neare Bergama loste about two hundred men at armes and sometimes the aduersitie fell vpon the contrarie parte of whom in a like encounter fell into the fortune of a prisoner Caesar Fiermosquo The residue of th armie drewe neare to Bressia hauing receyued in prest a ducket for euery man but for the impedimentes that the light horsemen gaue them Mark Antho. Colonno entred into Verona with the Launceknightes and certayne bandes of Spanishe footemen and all the others seperated themselues This was the ende of the mouing and marching of Caesar wherein the Frenche king had no small suspicion of the Pope for that hauing summoned him according to the bonde of the league made betweene them that he should send to the defence of thestate of Millan fiue hundred men at armes or at least drawe them neare the confines and withall to wage three thousande Svvizzers according to his offer made to Antho. Maria Paluoisin whiche the king charged him withall The Pope made but colde aunswers touching the waging of Svvizzers and taking an occasion to excuse himselfe that his men were in yll appoyntment he promised to sende him bandes of the Florentins who with certeine of his souldiors marched very slowly towardes Bolognia and Reggia The king suspected more and more that he dyd communicate with the comming of Caesar both for that assone as he knewe he was entred into Italy he created Legate with him Barnerd Bibiena Cardinall of S. Maria in Portico who bare alwayes a setled emulation to the French and was accustomed to impugne the proceding of their affayres with the Pope And also for that he suffred Mark. Antho. Colonno with his regimentes to folowe Caesars armie But howe so euer the king was ielouse of the Popes priuitie in this action or by what humors he ranne in coniecture agaynst him for his consent to the emotion it is moste true that touching his proper interest the Pope was not a little aggreeued with the discending of Caesar with so great forces fearing that if he caryed the victorie he woulde aduenture to oppresse all Italie according to his auncient inclination Neuerthelesse what for thimpression of feare and that suche maner of proceeding was conformable to his nature he dissembled his thoughtes labouring to make himselfe as litle hatefull as he coulde to
Capteynes and by his armye Abowt this tyme the Cardinalls that were in Italy made a mocion that aswell they as the other Cardinalls beyonde the Mountes might assemble together at Auignion to take councell in so troublesom a tyme what coursse to holde for the stabilitie of the Church But because they woulde not all at one tyme raunge them selues vnder the power of so mightye Princes they refused to goe thether though with diuerse excuses By whose example also the Cardinall Saluiatio Legat in the Frenche Court beeing required by the Pope to goe to thEmprour to helpe his affayres at the comming of Don Hugo who according to the capitulacion was to go vp to thEmprour refused to accomplish that legacion as though it had beene a matter hurtfull to deliuer vppe to the power of thEmprour at one tyme so many Cardinalls Onely he sent by one of his seruaunts of credit thinstructions he had receyued from Rome to thAuditor of the chamber resident with thEmprour to th ende he might negociat with him who brought from him very gracious wordes but such as promised a diuerse and vncerteine resolucion And albeit thEmprour could haue desired that the Pope had beene ledde into Spayne yet for that it was a matter full of infamye and greatly tending to incense the king of England And withall for that all the Potentates and prouinces of Spayne and principally the Prelats and Lordes detested not a litle that an Emprour of Rome Protector and Aduocat of the Church should with so great indignitie to all Christendom holde in prison the man in whome was represented the person of Iesus Christ in earth In those regardes he made gracious aunswers to all thEmbassadors which occupied his presence there At whose instance also to goe thorowe with a peace he sayde he was content to referre the action of it to the king of England which was accepted by them And seeming to confirme this good inclinacion with corespondencye of effects he dispatched into Italy the thirde daye of August the generall of the Graye Frears and foure dayes after him Veri de Miglian enhabling both the one and other with commissions sufficient to the Viceroy for the deliuery of the Pope and restitucion of all such townes and castells as had bene taken from him he consented also for the better releeuing of the Pope that his Nuncio should send him a certeine summe of money exacted vppon the collection of his Realmes who in their Courts and parlyaments had refused to contribute money to thEmprour In this time about the ende of Iuly the Cardinall of Yorke passed the sea to Callyce with twelue hundred horse The French king who had great desire to receyue him with all showes of honor sent to meete him at his landing the Cardinal of Lorraine and went afterwardes in personne to Amyens where the Cardinall of Yorke made his entrey the daye after with very greate pompe Wherein one thinge that muche augmented his glorye and reputacion was the treasor he had brought with him amownting to three hundred thowsande crownes bothe to furnishe thexspenses occurringe and to imparte it with the Frenche Kinge by waye of loane if neede were They debated betwene them aswel of matters apperteyning to the peace as of occasions tending to nourish the warre Wherein albeit the ends and intencions of the French king were different from the purposes of the king of England for that to haue his children restored he cared not to leaue abandoned to manifest praye both the Pope and all the state of Italy yet what by the authoritie of the king of England and necessitie of his owne affayres he was driuen to promisse to make no accord with thEmprour without the deliuery of the Pope And therefore thEmprour hauing sent to the king of England the articles of the peace aunswer was made to him by both the kings that they woulde accept the peace vnder condicions of restitucion of the children of Fraunce receyuing for raunsom of them two millions of duckats within a certeine tyme and deliuerye of the Popes person with the state Ecclesiastike together with the conseruacion of all the gouernments and estates of Italy as they were at that present and lastly vnder condicion of an vniuersall and generall peace And bicause the mariage of the French king with the Emprours sister should still continue there was set downe a speciall couenant that thEmprour accepting these articles the Daughter of the king of England should be maryed to the Duke of Orleans But in case the peace succeeded not the king him selfe should take her to wife After these articles were sent they refused to giue safe conduit to a man whome the Emprour required to send into Fraunce aunswering that they had done enough to send him the articles of their resolucion Which being not accepted by thEmprour the peace and confederacion betweene the two kings was sworne and published solemnly the eyght day of August They determined to employ all their forces in the warre of Italy hauing for their principall obiect the deliuerye of the Pope And touching the manner to proceede in that warre they reapposed them selues vppon Monsr Lavvtrech to whome according to the confidence they had in him they gaue absolute power and before he tooke his leaue to depart with his expedicion they suffered him to obteyne of the French king all his demaundes for that the king ment in that warre to set vppe his last rest The Cardinall of Yorke would also that the knight Casalo shoulde goe to the campe on the behalfe of his king and that the thirty thowsande duckats which were his monthly contribucion should be deliuered to him to th ende to be assured if the nūber of Almaines were compleate Thus after the resolucions and directions of the warre were established the Cardinall of Yorke returned and at his departure he dispatched the pronotorye Gambaro to the Pope to induce him to make him his Viccaire generall in England in Fraunce and in Germanye so longe as he was in prison Whereunto though the French king seemed by demonstracions to consent yet secretly and in effect he did impugne so great an ambicion In this meane whyle there passed but very fewe actions and exploytes of warre in Italy thexspectacion of the comming of Lavvtrech being very great The reason was that as the Imperiall armye full of disorder and disobedience to their Capteynes and no lesse chargeable to their friendes and townes that were rendred made no greate mouing and gaue no feare at all to their enemyes so the footebandes of Spanyardes and Italyans fleeing from the infection of the plague laye dispearsed and wandring abowt the confynes of Rome And the Prince of Orenge with an hundred and fiftye horsemen was gonne vppe to Syenna aswell to eschewe the daunger of the plague as to keepe that citie in the deuocion of thEmperour And for the better conteyning the Citie in fidelitie and order he had sent thyther before certeyne bandes of footemen the rather for that
betwene the Viceroy and the Venetians The person of the frenche king led prisoner into Spaine Occasions giuen to themperour of new emotions Conspiracy agaynst the Emprour Capitulations betwene the confederates agaynst the Emprour The 〈…〉 ing 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 in the cas 〈…〉 of Madrill The Lady Alanson treateth with theÌ„prour for the kinges deliuery Cardinall Saluiatio the Popes Legate in the Court of themprour Ierome MoroÌ„ prisoner The Duke of Burbon in Spaine The death of the Marquis of Pisquairo Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour Qualities of Pope Leo and Clement Pope Clement the 〈…〉 makes a lâ—agee agaynst themprour ThEmperour maried to the daughter of Portugall Oration of the Chauncellor Oration of the Viceroy The treaty of Madrill touching the deliuery of the fr. king The fr. king marieth themprours sister Themprour vvriteth to the Pope touching the fr. kings deliuery The maner of the deliuery of the french king The fr. king complaineth vppon thEmprour The inhabitants of Myllan rise vp against the imperialls Themprour ill contented The Pope the fr. king and Venetians make league together Loda surprised by the Venetians The armie of the lâ—â—gue before Millan The army of the league broken vp from before Myllan Katherine de Medicis The Pope in great astonishment The inhabitants of Millan ill handled by the Spanyards The inhabitantes of Millan implore the compassion of the Duke of Burbon The armye of the league come before Millan the second time The Castell of Millan rendred to thimperialls Soliman Ottoman in Hungria The Pope moueth the confederates to inuade the realme of Naples Prouisions of the Emprour against the confederats Cremona rendred to the confederats Capitulacion betwene the Colonnois and the Pope to deceiue him King of Hungrie ouerthrowen in battell by Solyman Truce betwene the Pope and thEmperour Cremona giueÌ„ by the confederates to Fr. Sforce The league signified to the emprour Deliberation of the duke of Vrbin Catherine de Medicis Duke of Vrbin goeth agaynst the launce knights of George Fronsp Death of Iohn de Medicis Encounter of the Nauye of thempror with the fleete of the confederates The prince of Orenge vvith the Launceknights Ierom Moron out of prison Capitulations betwene theÌ„prour duke of Ferrara 1427. The duke of Burbon goeth out of Millan and leaueth there Antho. de Leua The duke of Ferrara perswadeth the duke of Burbon Continuation of the warre begon in thestate ecclesiastike Caesar Fieremosquo sent by themprour to the Pope The confederates resolue to inuade Naples Monsr Vaudemont the Popes lieftenant Exploytes of the Nauy of the confederates Katherine de Medicis Count Caiazzo goeth from thimperialls to the pay of thEcclesiastikes The Duke of Ferrata couÌ„celleth the Duke of Burbon to goe to Rome The Pope loaseth corage and why The Pope accerdeth with thImperialls Tumult in Florence The Pope compelled to harken to the warre The duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome The Duke of Burbon slayne at the assault of Rome Rome taken and sacked The Pope being abaÌ„doned of all hopes compoundeth with the Imperialls Plague in Rome Confederacion betwene the French king and the king of England Monsr Lawtrech Capteine generall of the league The Cardinal of Yorke in Fraunce Awicked act Genoway returneth to thobedience of the French king Alexandria taken The sacke of Pauya Demaundes which the Emperour made to the armie of the confederats if thaccord went on The Duke of Ferrara entreth into the league Accorde betâ—eene the Pope and themprours Agents The Pope goeth out of prison The Pope thanketh Monsr Lavvtrech for his deliuerie 1528. VVarre denounced agaynst themprour by the kings of Englande and Fraunce The lie giuen by the french king to themprour For what occasioÌ„ the king of EnglaÌ„d refused his wife the Lady Katherine of Aragon Lawtrech entring into the Realme of Naples Andre Dore retyreth from Genes Peter Nauare taleth Aquila The Imperial army yssueth out of Rome The contents of Monsr 〈…〉 treches army Monsr S. Pol appoynted to the warres of Italy Miserable condition of the citie of Millan The Frenche befiâ—gâ— Napler Resolution of thImperialls within Naples Fight at sea betweene the Imperials and French. Death of the Viceroy Dâ— Hugo Monkado Disc 〈…〉 dities aswel of the imperials as the French during the siege of Naples Obstinacie of Monsr Lavvtrech The affaires of the French men begin to decline Antho. de Leua recouereth Pauia Duke of Br 〈…〉 dswyke in Italie for the Emperour Loda besieged by thimperialls The bandes of LauÌ„ceknights vnder Brundswike do mutine The Popes excuses to the confederats The Popes inâ—â—â—ion touching â—lâ—rice Cardinall CaÌ„peius Legaâ— in England Andre Dore leaueth the paye of the French. Couenantes betwene themprour and Andre dore Many difficulties in the â—â—â—army Death of Monsr Lawtrech Capitulations of the Marquis of Salussa with the Imperialls The proceedings of MoÌ„sr Saint Pol in Lombardy The taking of Genoway by Andre Dore New gouernment established in Ge 〈…〉 ay Mont Ian misseth to surprise Andre Dore. Execucions at Naples Proceedings of Monsr Saint Polin Lombardy Deuises of the Pope â—â— restore his house in Florence Cause of the ruine of the Cardinal of Yorke All the Princes harken to peace Monsr Saint Pol prisoner to Antho. dâ— Leua The Pope at accord with thEmprour Peace betwen thEmprour French king negociated in Cambray Themprour sendeth to the P. of Orenge to inuade the states of the Florentins Themprour at Genes vvhither the princes of Italy send embassadours to him The Pope maketh offers to Malatesâ—a The Pope the Emperour as Bolognia Capitulacions betwene the Emprour the Venetians duke of Millan Myllan rendred by themprour to FrauÌ„cis Sforce Lastra taken Camisado Themprour taketh the Crowne at Bolognia Empoly sackt by the Marquis of Guast The Florentins out of hope to be succoured by the fr. king The prince of Orenge slaine The issue of the vvarre of Florence The flaâ—e of the Ciâ—ie of Florence after the siege Ferdinand elected king of Romaines The French king and king of England ill disposed to the Emprour The French king inciâ—â—â—â— the Turke against thEmprour The Pope holdeth him selfe offended with the Empr 〈…〉 The Turke returneth with shame to Constantinople Enteruiew of the king of England and French king A second enteruiew of the Pope and Emprour aâ— Bolognia Katherine de Medicis A league for the defense of Italy The Pope wil not â—arken to â— councell The Pope refuseth to giue his Neece in mariage to the Duke of Myllan Enteruiew of the Pope and fr. king at Marseilles Katherine de Medicis maried to the second sonne of Fraunce The Pope knoweth his end Barberossa aâ— Thunis Death of pope Clement the vij Creation of Pope Paule the thirde A TABLE OF THE MOST PRINCIPALL AND GENERALL MATTERS CONTEYNED in the historie digested according to the order Alphabit A ASensible and apparant token of the ruyne of Princes when they esteme themselues more then they are and make their enemies lesse then they find them 21. A good
the crowne of Fraunce 876. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour 910. Conspiracy against thEmprour 935. Capitulacions betweene the confederats against thEmprour 935. Castell of Myllan rendred to thImperialls 1004. Cremona rendred to the confederats 1014. The Confederats resolue to inuade Naples 1040. Confederacion betweene the Frenche king and king of England 1070. Cardinall of Yorke in Fraunce 1073. Cardinal Campeius Legat in England 1114. Couenants betwene Andre Dore and thEmprour 1119. Causes of the ruyne of the Cardinall of Yorke 1139. Capitulacions betweene thEmprour the Venetians Duke of Myllan 1161. Creaciō of Pope Pawle the third 1183 D Duchie of Brittaine inuested in the crowne of Fraunce 24. Death of Ferdinand king of Aragō 27. Duke of Calabria marcheth towardes Calabria 37. Death of Iohn Galeas Duke of Millan 48. Dom Federyk aunswereth the French king 84. Death of Ge. Otto a Turke and kept in refuge by the Pope 85. Duke of Venice reasoneth in fauour of the Pysans and preuaileth 143. Declinacion of the French in the kingdom of Naples 156. Duke of Candia generall of the Popes army 170. Duke of Myllan practiseth against the Venetians touching Pisa 176. Disorders in Florence for the gouernment 177. Duke of Myllan prosecuteth his practise against the Venetians 183. Death of king Charles the eight 184. Death of Sauonarola 185. Duke of Venice aunswereth the Florentyn Embassadors 197. Doings of the French king during the warre of Pisa 203. Duke of Myllan being made astonished with the league soliciteth an accord 215. Duke Valentynois taketh Ymola by the ayde of the French. 236. Discending of the Turke Ibid. Duke Valentynois taketh Furly 237. Disorders in the Frenche gouernment in Myllan 238. Duke of Myllan made prisoner by the treason of the Swizzers 242. Duke Valentynois beseegeth Faenza 250. Duke Valentynois leauieth his campe Ibid. Duke Valentynois disdayneth to be repulsed 251. Duke Valentynois taketh the Duchie of Vrbyn 269. Disorders in Florence touchinge the gouernment 272. Duke Valentynois with the frēch k. 274. Duke Valētynois great with the french king againe 275. Duke of Vrbyn recouereth his estate 278. Duke Valentynois demaundeth succor of the French king Ibid. Death of Cardinall Vrsin 283 Discending of the Swyzzers into the Duchie of Myllan 291. Duke Valentynois for the french k. 310. Duke Valentynois arested by the Pope 318. Discourse vpon the nauigacions of the Spanyards 328. Death of king Federyk 339. Death of Elizabeth Queene of Spaine 340. Death of Cardinall Askanius 345. Dissimulacions very daungerous in the persons of great men 354. Death of king Philip. 363. Death of Duke Valentynois 365. Dyot of Constance 376. Deliberacion of the Venetians 394. Deliberacion of the Venetians 410. Defeate of the Venetians 422. Diuerse opinions touching the fall of the Venetians 430. Descripcion of Padoa 445. Descripcion of Verona 458. Death of the Count Petillano 460. Discending of the Swizzers to the Duchie of Myllan 483. Duke of Ferrara goeth to Rome to demaund pardon of the Pope 603. Duke of Ferrara in daunger to be prisoner at Rome Ibid. Disposiciō of Princes to the warre 634. Desire of Pope Leo to chase the french king out of Italy 638. Death of king Lewys the 12. 684. Death of Aluiano 709. Death of the king Catholike 714. Death of the great Capteine Ibid. Duchie of Vrbyn returneth to the obedience of the naturall Duke 732. Descripcion of the citie of Pezero 733. Death of Iohn Ia. Tryunlce 761. Death of law de Medicis 766. Disorder in an army breeds more daūger then the sword of thennemy 798. Death of Pope Leo the tenth 813. Duke of Vrbyn and the Baillons before Sienna 823. Death of Pope Adrian 857. Death of Prospero Colonno and his qualities 868. Duke of Burbon commeth to Myllan being not able to do any thing in Burgondie 869. Defendants of Pauya in necessitie 894. Duke of Burbon in Spayne 943. Death of the Marquis of Pisquaro 943. Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour 944. Duke of Burbon goeth out of Myllan leaueth there Antho. de Leua 1035. Duke of Ferrara perswadeth the D. of Burbon 1036. Duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome 1059. Duke of Burbon slayne at the assalt of Rome 1061. Death of the Viceroy Don Hugo Mōcado 1105. Duke of Brundswike in Italy for thEmprour 1110. Death of Monsr Lawtrech 1122. Deuises of the Pope to restore his house in Lombardy 1137. Death of Pope Clement the vij 1183. E Estate wherein Italy was anno 1490. 1 Embassadors of Myllan perswade the french king to the voyage of Naples 14. Embassadors of Florence confute the complaints of the Pysans 75. Encownter of Soriano 171. Embassadors of the Florentyns at Venice 196. Eldest sonne of king Federyk sent into Spayne 262. Experience declareth this to be true that that which many desire succeedeth rarely for that theffects of humane actions c. 273. Exploytes of the french armies beyond the mountes 320. ThEmprour speaketh in the Dyot 377 Enterprise of Bolognia by the Pope king of Aragon 565. English men at Fontaraby against the french 624. Estate of humane felicities subiect to emulacion and nothing of more difficultie to mortal mē then to beare wel the height and greatnes of fortune 629. English army affore Tournaye 665. Elephantes presented to the Pope 682. Enteruiew of Pope Leo and the french king in Bolognia 711. Emprour in England 775. Election of Pope Adrian the sixt 822. Emprour Charles maried to the daughter of Portugall 951. Emprour writeth to the Pope touching the french kings deliuery 964. Emprour ill contented 976. Execucion at Naples 1132. Emprour sendeth to the Prince of Orenge to inuade the Florentyns 1147. Emprour at Genes 1148. Emprour taketh the crowne at Bolognia 1165. Employ sackt by the Marquis of Guast 1168. Enteruiew of the king of England and French king 1176. Enteruiewe of the Pope and French k. at Marselles 1181. F Ferdinand king of Aragon 2. Frenche kinge sendeth Embassadors to the Pope Florentyns and Venetians 30 Florentyns aunswer the Frenche Embassadors 32. French king angry with the Florentyns aunswer 32. French king prayeth amitie of the Venetians 33. Foreshowes of the calamities of Italy 40. French king doubtfull to goe thorowe with thenterprise of Naples 41. French king in Ast 43. French king discribed Ibid. French king visiteth Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan 48. French king in minde to returne into Fraunce 49. Florentyns discontented with Peter de Medicis 54. French k. draweth towards Florēce 57. French king entreth Florence 58. French king at Syenna 60. French king entreth Rome 63. French king kisseth the Popes feete 64. French king entreth Naples 70. French king maketh offers to Dom Federyk 84. French king sendeth an army to inuade Yschia 84. French king vseth negligence in ordering the things of Naples 88. French king taketh councel what to do against the league of confederats 90. French k. crowned king of Naples 92. French king aspyreth to the surprising of Genes 98. French kinges attempts vppon Genes
agaynst the Pope Fol. 463. After the taking of Bolognia the French armie returneth to the Duchie of Millan The Councell that vvas to be holden at Pisa agaynst the Pope is transferred to Millan vvhere many stirres happen The Popes armie besiegeth Bolognia The French men take Bressia The battell is giuen at Rauenna The Pope publisheth the Councell at Rome Aftervvardes the affayres of the French begin to decline Fol. 531. The Duke of Ferrara is in great trouble The Medicis returne to Florence The king of Romanes makes alliance vvith the Pope Maxymylian Sforce is put in the possession of the Duchie of Myllan The French king maketh his preparacion to recouer Myllan Pope Iulio dyeth Leo the tenth is created Pope The French men are ouerthrovven neare to Nouaro and the Venetians neare to Vincensa Fol. 602. The king of England makes vvarre vppon the Fr. king The Venetians recouer Fryull The Pope as Arbitrator pronovvnceth peace betvveene them and the king of Romaines king Lovvys the xij dyeth Frauncis the first commeth to the crovvne and discendeth into Italy to reconquer Myllan Fol. 660. The D. of Vrbyn makes an enterprise to recouer his estate out of the handes of Pope Leo The Fr. king makes a league vvith the Pope The conspiracie of Cardinall Petruccio against the Pope is discouered Charles king of Spayne is chosen Emprour Martyn Luther vvriteth against the Pope The Pope putteth to death Iohn Pavvle Baillon Fol. 729. Pope Leo is the cause that the peace continueth not in Italy He ioyneth in league vvith th Emprour against the French king The French king loseth the Duchie of Myllan Pope Leo dyeth Adrian the sixt is created Pope Frauncis Sforce reentreth vppon the Duchie of Myllan Vvarre is made in Tuskane by Ranso de Cero Fol. 777. Pope Adrian comes to Rome The Venetians make league vvith th Emprour The french men beseege Myllan and are constrayned to diuert from it Cardinall Medicis is created Pope King Frauncis discendeth into Italy he taketh Myllan and beseegeth Pauya Themprour sendeth out an army to succour Pauya vvhere a battell is fought and the French king taken prisoner Fol. 838. The Pope is accorded vvith th Emprour Many practises are made for the kings deliuerie Ierom Moron conspireth against the Emprour The fr. king is deliuered out of prison returneth into Fraunce Fol. 9004. The Pope the french king Venetians and Duke of Myllan dravve into league against th Emprour The Duke of Burbon comes co Myllan The army of the league breakes vp from before Myllan The castell of Myllan is rendred to th Imperialls Many enterprises are dressed against the Pope The confederats sende their armies by sea to Genes Rome is surprised by the Colonnois The Pope makes peace vvith th Imperialls vvhich hurteth the deuises of Lombardye The D. of Ferrara is confederat vvith the Emprour Fol. 967. The Duke of Burbon yssueth of Myllan The Viceroy and the Colonnois make vvarre vpon the Pope in the states of the Church The Marquis of Salussa entreth Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdom of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope being abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith the Imperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of England against th Emprour The confederats doe many enterprises Fol. 1034. Lavvtrech beseegeth Naples In the meane vvhile Anth. de Leua taketh Pauya and beseegeth Loda Andre Dore leaueth the pay of the French Lavvtrech dyeth The french breake vp from before Naples Monsr Saint Pol reconquereth Pauya Andre Dore taketh Genovvay The Genovvaies take Sauona and put themselues in libertie Saint Pol is taken by Anth. de Leua Th Emprour falleth to accord vvith the Pope Peace is made at Cambray betvvene the Emprour and French king The Emprour passeth into Italy vvhere the vvarre goeth against the Florentyns and peace is solicited vvith all others Fol. 1103. The Emprour taketh th Imperiall crovvne at Bolognia and from thence passeth into Germany The famulies of Medicis by the ayde of th Emprours army returne to Florence Ferdinand is chosen king of Romaines The Pope vvill not barken to a counsell The French king stirreth vp the Turke against th Emprour hath conference vvith the Pope at Marseilles Fol. 1163. The ende of the contents of the bookes THE ARGVMENT OF THE FIRST BOOKE LODOWYK SFORCE vncle and tutor to Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan fearing least Ferdinand King of Naples would make warre vpon him breaketh of from the league that had bene renewed betwene the sayd Ferdinand Iohn Galeas and the common weale of Florence against the Venetians he procureth the French King Charles the viij to passe into Italy to conquer the kingdom of Naples Pope Alexander the vj. allieth himselfe with the King of Naples The French King hauing ordered th' affayres of the kingdom descendeth into Italy where he taketh many townes Diuerse emotion happen in the kingdom of Naples The Pope is in great perplexitie and trauell Pisa rebelleth against the Florentines The French King entreth into Florence and Rome and from thence passeth to Naples THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE historie and discoursse of Guicciardin HAVING in hand to write the affaires fortunes of Italie I iudged it cōuenient to drawe into discoursse those particularities that most nearest resemble our time and memorie yea euen since the selfe princes of that country calling in the armies of Fraunce gaue the first beginning to so great innouations A matter for the varietie greatnes and nature of suche thinges verie notable and well worthie of memorie and for the heauie accidents hatefull bluddie and horrible for that Italie for many yeres was trauelled with all those sortes of calamities with the which principalities countries and mortall men are wont to bee afflicted aswell by the iuste wroth and hand of God as through the impietie and wickednes of other nations The knowledge of these things so great and diuerse may minister many wholsome instructions aswell to all men generally as to euery one in particular considering that by the trial consent demonstration of so many examples all princes people and patrimonies may see as a sea driuen with diuerse windes to what inconstancie humane things are ordeined how harmefull are the ill measured counsells of princes many times preiudiciall to them selues but alwayes hurtefull to their people and subiects specially when they are vainelie caried awaye either with their singular errours or priuate couetousnes without hauing any impression or remembrance of the ordinary chaunges of fortune whereby turning to the domage and displeasure of others the power which is giuen them for the safetie protection pollicie of the whole they make them selues either by want of discression or too much ambition authours of innouations and new troubles But the better to make knowen the state and condition of Italie at that time together with the occasions of so many afflictions happening it is to be considered that
equall distaunce in all his partes from the Pole Septentrionall and Pole Meridionall they call it the lyne Equinoctiall for that when the sunne is vnder it the day and night haue one equalitie They haue deuided with imagination the longnes of this lyne into three hundred and three score partes which they call degrees as the other circuit of the heauen by the Poles is lykewise of three hundred and threescore degrees After these men had giuen this rule the Cosmographers measuring and diuiding the earth haue figured in the earth a lyne Equinoctiall which falles parpendicularly vnder the celestiall lyne figured by Thastrologians deuiding likewise the same and the circuite of the earth with a lyne falling parpendicularly vnder the Poles in largnesse of three hundred and threescore degrees so as from our Pole to the Pole Meridionall they put a distaunce of an hundred and fourescore degrees and from euery one of the Poles to the line Equinoctiall fourescore ten degrees These haue ben the generall opinions of the Cosmographers But touching the particular description of the earth habitable after they hadde made knowen that parte of the earth whiche is vnder our Hemisphere they had a perswasion that that parte of the earth lying vnder the Zona Torrida figured in the heauen of Thastrologians and wherein is conteyned the lyne Equinoctiall was as beeing nearest the sunne vnhabitable by reason of his heate And that from our Hemisphere there was no passage to the landes which are vnder the Zona Torridi nor to those regions whiche beyonde it are towardes the Pole Meridionall called by the confession of Ptolomie landes and seas vnknowen By reason whereof both he and the others presupposed that who so euer would passe from our Hemisphere to the Sino Arabico and Sino Persico or to the other partes of India which first came to the knowledge of men by the victories of the great Alexander should be constrayned to go thither by lande or els comming as neare to it as he coulde by the sea Mediterrane should performe the residue of the way by lande But the nauigations of the Portugalls haue made knowen in our tyme that those opinions and suppositions were false for that the Marchauntes pushed on with a desire to gayne hauing begon many yeres since to coast Affrica and being guyded by little and little euen to the Iles of Cape Verde which the Auncientes named the Iles of Esperides which are distant xiiij degrees from the Equinox drawing towardes the Pole Artike And beeing comen sithence in making a long circuite towards the south to the cape de bonne Esperance which is a promontorie of Affryke further distant then any other from the line Equinoctiall for that his distaunce conteyneth xxxviij degrees And drawing from thence towardes the East they haue sayled by the Occean euen to the Sino Arabico and Sino Persico In which places the marchauntes of Alexandria are wont to buy the spices which grew there in part but for the moste part were brought thither from the Iles Molucque and other partes of India and are afterwarde conueyed by land by a way long and full of incommodities and with no lesse charges into Alexandria where they were solde to the marchauntes Venetians and they bringing them frō Venice furnished all Christendome to their great gaines and wealth for that they only possessing the traffike of the spices laide on them what rate or price they woulde and caried into Alexandria many sortes of marchaundise in the shippes wherein they brought embarked the spices the same vessels likewise wherein they conuayed that trade of spicerie into Fraunce into Flaunders Englande and other places returning fraughted with other marchandise But the Portugalls going by sea from Lyshbone the capitall Citie of the Realme into regions farre remoued and hauing confederation in the Indian sea with the kings of Calicut other regions neare they pearsed by degrees further and buylded with time fortresses in places conuenient by whose oportunitie making them selues friendship with certayne cities of the countreis reducing others to obedience by their armes and oppression they haue appropriate to them selues the traffike of the spices which the marchauntes of Alexandria were wont to haue afore and bringing them by sea into Portugall they distributed them also by sea into the selfe same Realmes and countreys where the Venetians at the firste had custome and vent for them Sure this nauigation is right wonderfull for that it conteynes a course of eyght thousand french leagues through seas altogether vnknowen vnder other starres vnder other firmament and with other instrumentes for the lyne Equinoctiall beeing passed they are no more guided by the northstar stand altogether depriued of the seruice and vse of the Adamant stone and for that they can not take harbour in so long a way but in regions vnknowen differing in language in religion in customes and altogether barbarous and enemies to straungers And yet notwithstanding so many difficulties they haue in time made this nauigation so familiar that where afore they had wont to consume ten monthes in the voyage they runne it nowe commonly in lesse then sixe their daungers beeing lesse and all things in more securitie But farre more marueylous is the nauigation of the Spaniards which was begonne by Christopher Colombo a Genovvay in the yeere a thousande foure hundred fourescore and ten after he had many times sayled by the Occean sea wherin making coniectures by the obseruation of certayne windes of that which afterwards succeeded to him in deede he obteyned certayne vessels of the King and Queene of Spayne with the which setting his course towards the west he discouered at thirtie dayes ende in the vttermoste extremities of our Hemisphere certayne Ilandes altogether vnknowen to men before regions happie for the situation of the heauen and for the fertilitie of the lande and withall no lesse blessed sauing that certayne people lyued vppon mans fleshe by the disposition of thinhabitantes whose maners were simple and contented with that which the liberalitie of nature brought foorth for them they were not disquieted with passions of couetousnesse and ambition but most vnhappie in that the people hauing no certayne religion no knowledge in learning no science in negociations or handycraftes but wholly without experience of armes without rule or art of warre and without science vse or custome in any thing be as it were no other then tractable and tame creatures and a pray most easie to whosoeuer will assayle them By meane whereof the Spaniards being drawne with the facilitie of commaunding those Ilands and with the possibilitie of reuenue and profite beeing plentifull of veynes for golde many of them began to inhabite there as in their proper countrey Christopher Colombo passing further and after him Americo Vespuccio Florentin and successiuely many others haue disclosed other Ilandes and great countreys of firme lande finding in certayne of them albeit in the moste parte the contrarie aswell in their buyldings both publike and
could suffer no delay of action went out and sette vppon them at the village of Paterna where they were constrayned to retyre within the towne with the losse of more then three hundred men Conquest draweth with it ambicion insolencies and couetousnes And with men of warre triumphing in the victorie all things seeme to hold of equitie that they do in their rage and couetousnes for the Svvyzzers remeyning alone in the Duchie of Myllan and Pyemont deuised how to taxe and rate the whole contrey being now wholly assured of the french men And albeit the french king for the great affection he bare to the Duchie of Myllan was hardly brought to abandon altogether the affayres of Italy yet necessitie compelled him to harken to the councells of such as aduised him to deferre those deuises to an other tyme and dispose his witts for that sommer to defende the Realme of Fraunce The rather for that the king of England according to the contract made with the king Catholike had sent by sea an armye of six thowsand footemen to Fontarabio A towne of the kingdome of Spayne standing vppon the Occean sea the chiefe ende of this iorney was that ioyning to the companies of the sayd king Catholike they might in one mayne force assayle the Duchie of Guihen he beganne also with an other nauie to skower all alonge the coasts of Normandye and Brittaine to the great astonishment of the peoples of those prouinces Moreouer the french king had no hope to drawe agayne Caesar into amitie with him for that he vnderstoode by the Bishop of Marseilles his last Embassador resident in his Court that he bare a minde farre estraunged he aduertised him also that Caesar had not enterteyned him with so many hopes nor for other regarde debated with him vppon so many matters with so fayre apparance then to wynne occasion to oppresse him when he thought least of it or at least to gyue him as it were some violent and deadely blowe as he gloried that he had done at such tyme as he reuoked the launceknightes Thus Italy being for this yeare assured from the armies of the french king whose souldiours notwithstanding helde as yet Bressia Crema Leguague the castell and lanterne of Genes the castell of Myllan the castell of Cremona with certeine other fortresses of that estate There were discerned amongest the confederats many signes of difference and disagreement for the diuersitie of their wills and their endes for as the Venetians desired to recouer Bressia and Crema as due to them by the articles of capitulacion for that they had borne out the daungers troubles of the warre A matter which the Pope desired likewise for them So on the other side Caesar from whose will the king of Aragon at last could not be seperat thought to appropriate them to him selfe and also to depriue the Venetians of all that had bene iudged to them by the league of Cambray Besides Caesar and the king of Aragon practised but very secretly to make to diuolue the Duchie of Myllan to one of their Nephewes A working quite contrary to the Pope and the Svvyzzers who labored apparantly as much as they could that according to the vniuersall resolucion and consent from the beginning Maxymylian sonne to Lodovvyk Sforce might be restored to the place of his father after whose fall he had remeyned alwayes in Germanye The matter that moued the Pope was a feare he had least Italy shoulde fall into a miserable seruitude of the Almaines and Spanyards And that which induced the Svvyzzers was a desire for their owne profit that that estate shoulde not bee brought into the power of so mightie Princes but rather to stande subiected to one that could not menteyne him selfe without their ayde and succours Which election as it depended almost wholly vppon those in whose power was that estate and for the feare of their forces so the Pope the more to confirme them in that wil and in all necessities to haue in his hande the bridle with the which he might moderate thambicion of Caesar and the kinge Catholike did all that he could to winne their amitie And for that cause besides the great account he made publikely of the nation of Svvyzzers raysing to the starres the actions they had done for the sauetie of the sea Apostolike he gaue them yet for their greater honor the banners of the Church with this glorious title to bee the Champions and defenders of the Ecclesiastike libertie Besides these diuersities the Viceroy had readdressed the spanish companies which after the battell were retyred with him into the kingdom of Naples And beginning eftsoones to march and to passe with them into Lombardye the Pope and the Venetians refused to recontinue the payes of forty thowsand duckats by the moneth which had bene discontinued since the ouerthrowe Their reason was that seeing the frenche armie was chassed home they stoode no more subiect to suche bonde for that it was to ceasse by the articles of the confederacion when soeuer the frenche were expulsed out of Italy Whereunto was replyed on the behalfe of the King of Aragon that it could not bee sayde that the Frenche King was dryuen out of Italy so long as Bressia Crema with other many stronge places stoode at his deuocion Moreouer the Kinge of Aragon together with Caesar complayned in that the Pope did appropriat to him selfe the profitts of the victorie that was common to them both And vsurped that which manifestly apperteyned to an other making him selfe Lorde vnder cooller of certeine reasons subborned or at least so olde and withered that their force was gonne vppon Parma and Plaisance cities which the Lordes of Myllan had holden so long tyme as freeholders of thEmpire The diuersitie was also expressed for matters that concerned the Duke of Ferrara for as the Pope on the one side nourished his auncient couetousnes to vsurpe that Dukedom so on the other side the king of Aragon who desired to preserue protect him stoode yet discontented with the iniurie that was offered to haue staied him at Rome contrary to the law of faith safeconduit giuen for these reasons the Pope deferred to vexe Ferrara exspecting perhaps the yssue of affayres of farre greater importance whereof Caesar not thinking good that any resolucion were made without him dispatched into Italy the Bishop of Gurcy whom he had appoynted to that expedicion euer since after the battell of Rauenna there was negociacion of peace betweene the Pope and the French king he appoynted to sende him then for the feare he had least they compownded amongest them selues without respecting him and his affayres but the mutacion of thinges hapning afterwards he still continued his deuise to sende him In like sorte fell into consideracion the affayres of the Florentyns who beeing filled full of suspicion began now to feele the frutes of the newtralitie which vndiscrâ—etely they had vsed finding with all that it was not sufficient to beare themselues vpon the
and made weake by the minoritie of their king who was gouerned by Priestes and the Barons of the Realme Others were of opinion that he had addressed all his thoughtes to thinuasion of Italie taking his encouragement vpon the discord of the Potentates and naturall princes whom he knewe to be muche shaken with the long warres of those regions To this was ioyned the memorie of Mahomet his grandfather who with a power farre lesse then his and with a small Nauie sente vppon the coastes of the Realine of Naples had wonne by assault the Citie of Otronto and sauing he was preuented by death had bothe opened the waye and established the meane to persecute the regions of Italie with continuall vexacions So that the Pope together with the whole Courte of Rome beeing made astonished with so greate successe and no lesse prouident to eschewe so great a daunger making their firste recourse to the ayde and succour of God caused to bee celebrated through Rome moste deuoute inuocations whiche he dyd assiste in presence bare foote And afterwardes calling vppon the helpe of men he wroate letters to all Christian Princes bothe admonishing them of the perill and perswading them to laye asyde all ciuill discordes and contentions and attende speedily to the defence of religion and their common safetie whiche he affirmed woulde more and more take encrease of most grieuous daunger if with the vnitie of mindes and concordances of forces they sought not to transferre the warre into thempire of the Turkes and inuade thenemie in his owne countrey Vpon this aduise and admonition was taken the examinacion and opinion of men of warre and persons skilfull in the discouerie of countreys the disposing of prouinces and of the nature and vsage of the forces and weapons of that kingdome and therevpon a resolucion being set downe to make great leauyes of money by voluntarie contribucions of Princes and vniuersall impostes of all people of Christendome it was thought necessarie that Caesar accompanied with the horsemen of Hungaria and Pollonia Nations warlike and practised in continuall warres agaynst the Turke and also with the footmen of Germanie should sayle along Danubi into Bossina called aunciently Misia and from thence to Thracia and so to drawe neare Constantinople the seate of the Empire of the Ottomanes That the Frenche king with all the forces of his kingdome the Venetians and the other potentates of Italie accompanied with the infanterie of Svvizzerlande should passe from the port of Brindisi in Albania a passage very easie and short to inuade Grece a contrey full of Christian inhabitantes and for the intollerable yoke of the Turkes moste ready to rebell That the kings of Spayne of Englande and Portugall assembling their forces together in Cartagenia and the portes thereaboutes should take their course with two hundred shippes full of Spanishe footemen and other souldiors to the straite of Galipoli to make roades vp to Constantinople hauing first subdued the Castles and fortes standing vpon the mouth of the straite And the Pope to take the same course embarking at Antona with an hundred shippes armed With these preparacions seeming sufficient to couer the lande and ouerspread the sea it was thought that of a warte so full of deuocion and pyetie there coulde not be but hoped a happie ende specially adding the inuocation of God and so many seuerall inuasions made at one tyme agaynst the Turkes who make their principall fundacion of defence to fight in the playne fielde These matters were solicited with no small industrie and to stoppe all matter of imputacion agaynst thoffice of the Pope the mindes of Princes were throughly sounded and an vniuersal truce for fiue yeres betwene all the Princes of Christendome published in the consistory vpon payne of most grieuous censure to suche as should impugne it So that the negociacion cōtinuing for all things apperteining to so great an enterprise he assigned Embassadors to all Princes to the Emperour he sent the Cardinall S. Sisto to the Frenche king he dispatched the Cardinall of S. Maria in Portico the Cardinall Giles to the king of Spayne and the Cardinall Campeius to the king of Englande All Cardinalles of authoritie eyther for their experience in affayres or for opinion of their doctrine or for their familiaritie with the Pope All which things albeit they were begonne with greate hope and exspectacion And the vniuersall truce accepted of all men And all men with no litle ostentacion and brauerie of words made shewe of their readines with their forces to aduaunce so good a cause yet what with the consideracion of the perill esteemed vncerteine and farre of and extending more to one Prince then to an other And what by the difficulties long tract of time that appeared to introduce a zeale and vnion so vniuersall priuat interests and respects perticular seemed to preuayle more then the pietie of the expedicion Insomuch as the negoclacion stoode not onely naked of all hope and yssue but also it was followed very lightly and as it were by ceremonie this beeing one propertie in the nature of men that those things which in their beginnings appeare fearefull doe daily take such degrees of diminucion and vanishing that onles the first feares be reuiued by new accidents they leade men in processe of tyme to securitie which propertie of negligence both touching the affayres publike affection of priuate and perticular men was well confirmed by the death that succeeded not longe after to Selym who hauing by a longe maladie suspended the preparacions of the warre was in the ende consumed by the passions of his disease and so passed into the other life leauing so greate an Empire to Solyman his sonne young in yeares and iudged to beare a witte and minde not so disposed to the warres although afterwardes theffectes declared the contrarie At this tyme appeared betweene the Pope and the Frenche kinge A moste greate and strayght coniunction for the kinge gaue to wife to Lavvrence his Nephewe the Ladye Magdaleyne noblye descended of the bludde and house of Bolognia with a yearely reuenue of tenne thowsande crownes whereof parte was of the kinges gifte and the residue rising of her owne patrimonye Besides the kinge hauing borne to him a sonne the Pope requyred that in his Baptisme he woulde impose vppon him his name By which occasion Lavvrence making preparacions to goe to marye his newe wife for his more speede performed his iorney by poste into Fraunce where he was receiued with many amities and much honor of the king to whom he became very gracious of deare accompt the rather for that besides other general respects he made a dedication of him selfe wholly to the king with promise to follow in all accidents his fortune he brought also to the king a writ or warrant from the Pope by the which he graunted to him that till the moneyes collected of the tenthes and by other meanes of contribucion were expended vppon the holy warre against the Turkes he might
in chase amongest whom was a generall emulacion of hazarde and perill to kyll him that in so manyfest treason sought the lyfe of their maister but he founde more safetie in the swiftnesse of his horse then his followers founde remedie in their reuengefull desires And if fortune had aunswered the vallour and industrie of the man it might haue bene called one of the rarest most singular aduentures that euer was that one man without armor at noneday in a plaine way durst set vpon a great prince in the middest of his estate and enuironed with so great a strength of souldiors and men armed and yet to flee awaye in safetie The cause of this desperate resolucion of this gentleman was a malice that he had conceyued for the murder of Monseig Visconte who a fewe monthes affore had bene slayne in Millan by one Ierome Moron not without the Dukes will and priuitie as many supposed The Duke vpon his hurte withdrewe him selfe to Monce and for that he was ielouse that there were of the conspiracie within Millan the Bishoppe of Alexandria brother to Monseig that was slayne was apprehended by Moron and Prospero At the first rumor of the facte eyther to preuent the suspicion that might goe on him or to make his fauour the greater he put himselfe willingly into the handes of Prospero vppon his fayth and after he was sounded by examinacion they sent him prisoner to the Castell of Cremona some holding him guyltie and some speaking muche of his innocencie as the iudgementes of men were diuerse It happned almoste in the same seasons that Galeas Biraguo accompanied with thexiles of Millan and with the ayde of certayne French souldiors which were already in the countrey of Piemont was receiued into the towne of Valence by the capteine of the Castell who was a Sauoye man But Antho. de Leua lying within Ast with one part of the light horsmen and Spanish footemen being aduertised of thaccident went immediatly to incampe before it and taking the vauntage of the weaknes of the towne which thenemies had no time to reduce to fortification he planted his artilleries and tooke it the seconde daye and with the same successe battred the castell There died about foure hundred bodies aswel in the action of the towne as in th execution of the Castell besides many made prisoners amongest whom was Gale as principall leader of thenterprise According to the great preparations made in Fraunce for the warre the armie marched at laste and bandes of souldiors passed continually ouer the mountes After whome the person of the king prepared to passe whiche he had effectually accomplished had not the conspiracie of the Duke of Burbon which nowe beganne to come to lighte giuen impediment to his going he was of the blood royall and therfore his reputation more great generall for the dignitie of his office beeing great constable his authoritie was absolute ample by his large estates riches his credite was currant in Fraunce and by his naturall vallour he was mightie and stronge in the opinions of men But he had not bene of longe time in the grace and fauor of the king and in that abiection was not admitted to the secret affayres of the Realme nor respected according to the merit of his place and greatnes he was discontented with the oppression of the kinges mother who reuiuing certeine auncient rights made open clayme to the greatest part of his lands and dominions in the open parliament at Paris And for that he found in the king no disposicion to doe remedy to that griefe he suffred indignacion to enter into his hart in that discontentment admitted confederacion with thEmprour with the king of England solicited by Monsr de Beaurin of great confidēce with thEmprour his chief chamberlaine Betwene whom to assure things with a more faster and faithful knot it was agreed that thEmprour should giue him in mariage his sister Elenor the late widow of Emanuell king of the Portugalls Thexecucion of their councels was grounded vppon the french kings determinacion to goe in person to the warre In which resolucion to nourish him the more the king of England had giuen him conning hopes that he would not molest the realme of Fraunce for that yeare That the Duke of Burbon assoone as the king should be ouer the Mountes should enter Burgondy with an army of twelue thowsand footemen that were secretly leauied with the moneyes of thEmprour the king of England Wherein he doubted not well to acquite him self in that seruice both for the absence of the king for the vniuersall grace and opinion which he had through all the Realme of Fraunce And touching those thinges that should be conquered the Earledom of Prouence should remeine to him and in place of Earle he should put on the name title of king of Prouence chalenging that state to apperteine to him by the rights of the house of Aniovv And all the residue gotten by this warre to discend to the king of England The Duke of Burbon then abiding at Monlyns a principal towne of the Duchie of Burbon feyned him selfe to be sicke to haue the better excuse not to follow the king into Italy The king in his iorney to Lyons made Monlyns in his way where being already possessed of certeine light tokens of the Dukes conspiracie he gaue him an inkling that albeit many went about to bring him in distrust suspicion with him yet for his part he beleued lesse in the rumors informacions which might be full of incerteinty and errour then in his faith vallour whereof he had so good experience But the dissimulacion of the Duke exceded the roundnes plainnes of the king for keeping his intencions smothered he gaue thankes to God that had appointed him to liue vnder such a king affore whose equity grauity could not stand the false accusations imputacions of malicious men And in that cōpassion he promised the king to follow him wheresoeuer he would go so soone as he was deliuered of his malady which he said could not cōtinue long for that it drew with it no daūgerous accidēts But the king was no soner come to Lyons then he had aduertisement that many bands of laūceknights were mostred vpon the frōtiers of Burgondy which confirming the tokēs of suspicion that he had before together with certein letters surprised detecting more plainly the conspiracy he cōmitted to prison forthwith Monsr de S. Valier Monsr de Boisy brother to Monsr la Palisse the postmaster the Bishop of Autun all pertenors of the practise And thinking to make the action perfect by apprehēding the head he dispatched in great diligence to Monlyns the great maister with fiue hundred horse foure thowsand footemē to take the Duke of Burbon But his suspicion was swifter then their celerity for dowting no lesse the detectiō of things then fearing lest the passages would be stopped by his forecast he preuented
Realme of Fraunce was to appease and assure the minde of the king of England iudging truely that if they could reduce him to amitie and reconcilement the Crowne of Fraunce should remayne without quarrell or molestation Where if he on the one side and themprour on the other should ryse in one ioynt force hauing concurrant with them the person of the duke of Burbon and many other oportunities and occasions it could not be but all things woulde be full of difficulties and daungers Of this the Lady Regent began to discerne many tokens and apparances of good hope for notwithstanding the king of Englande immediatly after the first reapportes of the victory had not only expressed great tokens of gladnes reioysing but also published that he would in person passe into Fraunce and withall had sent Embassadors to themprour to solicite treate of the mouing of warre ioyntly together yet proceding in deede with more mildnes then was exspected of so furious showes tokens he dispatched a messanger to the Lady Regent to sende to him an expresse Embassador which accordingly was accomplished that with fulnes of authority commission such as brought with it also all sortes of submissions implorations which she thought apt to reduce to appeasement the mind of that king so highly displeased he reapposed himself altogether vpon the will and counsel of the cardinal of Yorke who seemed to restrayne the king his thoughtes to this principall end that bearing such a hand vpon the controuersies quarrels that ranne betwene other princes al the world might acknowledge to depend vpon him and his authoritie the resolution and exspectation of all affayres And for this cause he offred to themperour at the same time to discend into Fraunce with a puissant army both to giue perfection to the alliance concluded betwene them before and also to remoue all scruple and ielousie he offred presently to consigne vnto him his daughter who was not as yet in an age and disposition able for mariage But in these matters were very great difficulties partly depending vpon himself and partly deriuing from themprour who nowe shewed nothing of that readines to contract with him which he had vsed before for the king of England demaunded almost al the rewards of the victory as Normandy Guyen Gascoign with the title of king of Fraunce And that themprour notwithstanding thinequality of the conditions should passe likewise into Fraunce and cōmunicate equally in thexspences dangers Thinequality of these demaūds troubled not a litle themprour to whō they were by so much the more grieuous by howmuch he remēbred that in the yeres next before he had always deferred to make warre euē in the greatest dangers of the french king So that he perswaded himselfe that he should not be able to make any fundation vpon that confederation And standing in a state no lesse impouerished for mony tresor thē made weary with labors perils he hoped to draw more cōmodities from the french king by the meane of peace then by the violence of armes warre specially ioyning with the king of England Besides he made not that accompt which he was wont to do of the mariage of his daughter both for her minority in age also for the dowry for the which he should stande accōptable for so much as themprour had receyued by way of loane of the king of England he semed by many tokens in nature to nourish a wonderful desire to haue children and by the necessitie of his condicion he was caried with great couetousnes of money vppon which two reasons he tooke a great desire to marye the sister of the house of Portugall which was both in an age hable for mariage and with whome he hoped to receyue a plentifull porcion in gold and treasor besides the liberalities of his own peoples offered by waye of beneuolence in case the mariage went forwarde suche was their desire to haue a Queene of the same nation and language and of hope to procreate children for these causes the negociacion became euery daye more hard and desperat betweene both those Princes wherein was also concurrant the ordinary inclinacion of the Cardinall of Yorke towardes the Frenche king together with the open complaintes he made of thEmprour aswell for thinterests and respects of his king as for the small reputacion thEmprour beganne to holde of him He considered that affore the battell of Pauya thEmprour neuer sent letters vnto him which were not written with his owne hande and subscribed your sonne and Cosin Charles But after the battell he vsed the seruice of Secretories in all the letters he wrote to him infixing nothing of his owne hande but the subscripcion not with titles of so greate reuerence and submission but onely with this bare worde Charles In this alteracion of affection of the Cardinall the king of England tooke occasion to receiue with gracious wordes and demonstracions thEmbassador sent by the Ladye regent to whome he gaue comfort to hope well in thinges to come And a litle afterwards estraunging his minde wholly from th affayres which were in negociacion betwene him and thEmprour he made a confederacion with the Lady regent contracting in the name of her sonne wherein he would haue inserted this expresse condicion that for the kings raunsom and deliuerie should not be deliuered to thEmprour any thing that at that time should be vnder the power or possession of the crowne of Fraunce This was the first hope which fell vppon the Realme of Fraunce And this was the first consolation in so many aduersities which afterwards went on increasing by the disorders of thImperialls in Italy They were become so insolent for so great a victorie that perswading them selues that all men and all difficulties should yeeld and giue place to their will their glory made them lose thoccasion to accorde with the Venetians and gaynesaye thinges which they had promised to the Pope and lastly brought them to fill full of suspicions both the Duchie of Myllan and all the other regions of Italy And so going on to sowe seedes of new innouacions and troubles they reduced thEmprour to this necessitie to make a rashe deliberacion daungerous for his estate in Italy if his auncient felicitie and the harde fortune and destinie of the Pope had not beene of greater force Matters assuredly moste worthy of a knowledge perticular to th end that of accidents and things so memorable may be vnderstanded the foundacions and councells which being oftentymes hid are for the most part reuealed and published after a manner most farre from the truth But skarcely had the Pope capitulated with the Viceroy when were presented vnto him the great offers of Fraunce to stirre him vppe to the warre wherein albeit he wanted not the perswasions of many to induce him to the same effecte and lesse diminucion of the distrust which he had before of thImperialls yet he determined to take suche a coursse and proceeding in all thinges
peace betweene the Princes of Christendome and also at one tyme to giue some reasonable forme to th affayres of Italie solicited instantly the Pope to hasten away the Cardinall Saluiatio or some others with sufficient authoritie He sent also to be excused to the king of Englande taking the reasons of his excuse vpon this that he could not resist the generall wyll and vniuersall inclination of his peoples and sent withall to the Pope Lopes Vtrado for a dispensation to marry the infant of Portugall his cousin german and by that meane conioyned to him in second degree He sent also by the same Lopes who departed vpon the ende of Iulie the inuestiture of the Duchie of Millan to Frauncis Sforce but vnder this condition to pay presently an hundred thousande Duckets with obligation to paye fiue hundred thousand more at diuerse tearmes and to take the trade of saltes of the Archduke his brother The same Lopes caryed also commission to dispose of his men of warre in this sorte that except the regimentes of Spanishe footemen who were to remayne in the Marquildome of Salusso all the others shoulde be dismissed That sixe hundred men at armes should returne to the realme of Naples and the residue remayne in the Duchie of Millan And lastly that the Marquis of Pisquairo should be capteyne generall of his armie The Emperour added to this commission that those moneys which he had sent to Genes to defray foure Carackes with the which he intended speedily to passe in person into Spayne should be conuerted to the necessities and vsage of th armie for that he was nowe determined not to departe out of Spayne The Commission bare also to sende in themperours name the Protonotarie Carracciolo to Venice to induce that Senate to a newe confederation or at least to insinuate his disposition and leaue them satisfied that all his actions tended to an vniuersall peace amongest Princes Christian But the going of the French king into Spayne brought no little perplexitie to the Pope and the Venetians who seeing themprours armie was muche diminished considered that into what part of Italie the kings person should be transported thimperialls could not but finde many impedimentes by the necessitie to haue him well garded so that by that meane eyther there might easily aryse some occasion to deliuer him or at least the difficultie to cary him into Spayne and the litle surety to kepe him in Italie would constrayne themperour to giue some good forme to the generall affayres But when by transporting his person into Spayne both his owne hopes were disappoynted and meane giuen to his enemies to leade him into sure prison they discerned that all treatises and negociations were wholly in the hands of themperour and that there could be established no fundation vpon the practises and offers of the French In so muche as the reputation of themperour rising into augmentation by dayly degrees all men began to exspect from his Court and from his hande lawes and rules to dispose all affayres In these discontentmentes were concurrant also but for diuers causes the displeasures of the Duke of Burbon and the Marquis of Pisquairo for that the Viceroy tooke vppon him without their priuitie to leade the French king into Spayne Suche is the emulation of men in the case of glorie or reputation which more then all other worldlye passions hath a naturall propertie to carye their mindes headlong into ambition of other mens merite The Duke of Burbon tooke the reason of his discontentment vpon this that beeing expulsed Fraunce for thalliance he had made with themperour he chalenged a more interest then any others to be called and to communicate in all the practises of accorde In regarde whereof he determined to passe also into Spayne and yet he was driuen to stande longer vpon his going then willingly he would for that he taryed for the returne of the gallies that caried the Viceroy The Marquis tooke displeasure with the Viceroy for the small estimation he made of him and was no lesse yll contented with themprour for that he was not thankfull as apperteined to his merites and many seruices done in the laste warres and lately in the battell of Pauia touching which victorie albeit he had deserued more prayse and glory then all the capteines of tharmy yet themperour contrary to the lawe of equitie and reason had transferred the whole reputation to the Viceroy with many highe honours and demonstrations This the Marquis could not disgest with suffrance but in the passion of his wrong as he thought he wrote letters to themprour full of detraction against the Viceroy tempered with complayntes to be so muche disfauoured of him as not to be thought worthy atleast to be made priuie to suche a resolution and that if in the warre and daungers thereof the deliberation of things had bene referred to his counsell and proper arbitration the French king had not onely not bene taken but also assone as the losse of the duchie of Millan had followed th imperiall army beeing dryuen to abandon the defence of Lombardie would necessarily haue retyred to Naples Lastely he charged the Viceroy to be gone to triumphe of a victorie wherein it was manifestly knowen to the whole armie he had no part at all yea for proofe that in the heate and moste furie of the battell he was both without courage and without counsell there were many that heard him crye many times VVe are loste and vanquished and that if he would denie this chalenge he offred to iustifie it vppon his body by the execution of armes according to the lawes and rules of warre The Marquis also was further incensed vpon this that sending immediatly after the victorie to take possession of Carpy thinking themprour would deliuer it to him he was not satisfied in that desire The reason was that themperour hauing graunted it two yeres before to Prospero Colonno assured that notwithstanding he neuer had thinuestiture yet in memorie of him that was dead he would to the profite of Vespasian his sonne leaue to his house the same recompence which in his lyfe time he had intended in recordation of his vallour and actions Whiche reason albeit was iuste and that suche examples of gratitude ought to be acceptable to the Marquis though not so muche for thexcellencie of them yet for the hope they brought that his great seruises should be brought into liberall consideration by themperour yet it was not embrased of him not for that it was not iust equall but because for the opinion he bare of him selfe he helde it conuenient that that peculiar humor appetite of his proceding of a couetousnes irreconcileable hatred which he bare to the name of Prospero should be preferred before all other interests how iust soeuer they were In this intemperācie of passion he cried out of themprour and the whole counsell sending his complayntes through all the Regions of Italie and that with such detestatiō of themprours ingratitude that by
to his doings being besides prowd of minde of wit deceitfull of nature malicious of councell and action without sincerity and so singuler in his owne weening that oftentimes he hath bene heard saye that he was more worthye to haue Spayne for his contry then Italy His death as it kindled a great confusion in the whole armie with whome he stoode inno litle grace and reputacion so also by his death the contrary side tooke occasion to hope that easily they might be able to bringe all the souldiers to ruine and oppression since there was taken from them a Capteine of so great authoritie and vallour And by this occasion like as with the Pope were more vehement and importunate the instances of such as solicited the proceeding of the league so also the doubtes which deteyned him in suspence were nothing lesse and that with good right since on all partes he was touched with mocions of right waighty reasons such as might suffice to hold confused and suspenced any man of right good action and councell and much more a Pope Clement to whom it was familiar to proceede alwayes in his affayres with slownes and doubt There was no further exspectacion of thEmprour for any way or deuise to assure the regions of Italy And he was manifestly discerned to solicite vehemently the taking of the castell of Myllan In which action was layed a foundacion to conuert many other patrimonies into apparant praye or spoyle but specially the states of the Pope who being reduced to a generall weakenes had his being planted betweene Lombardye and the Realme of Naples And if it were in thEmprours power to oppresse the Pope there was no doubt that he would not execute it either for ambicion which is almost naturally inuested in Emprours against the Popes or for his own suertie which wise men preserre affore all other regards or lastly for reuenge being drawne both to disdaine and distrust for the conspiracies which he enterteyned with the Marquis of Pisquairo And if the necessitie to prouide for this daunger was great the foundacions and hopes to doe it seemed not light for that if the remedie were not to succeede by the meane of so mighty a league and vnion it was to be thought desperate for euer The Regent of Fraunce made promisse of fiue hundred launces and to contribute for euery moneth so long as the warre should endure forty thowsand duckats with the which it was intended to wage ten thowsand Svvyzzers The Pope and the Venetians in one ioynt ayde were to leauye xviij hundred men at armes twenty thowsand footemen and two thowsand light horsemen The French men and the Venetians promised to take the sea and with a great nauie to do inuasion vppon Genes or the Realme of Naples Lastly the Lady Regent of Fraunce was bound to begin the warre immediatly with a stronge armie vppon the frontyers of Spayne to th ende to stoppe thEmprour for sending of men and money to releeue the warre in Italy ThEmprours armie that remeyned in Lombardye was not great neither for the nūbers quality of souldiers being much diminished nor for the presence of Capteines of conduct and authoritie seeing both the Marquis was dead and the Duke of Burbon the Viceroy of Naples abode as yet in Spaine They were without meane to recouer money for their payes and had no plentie of vittells to serue them for foode The generall inhabitantes there were enemies to them for the quarrell and desire of their Duke and no lesse for thintollerable exactions imposed by the souldiours both in the Citie of Millan and elsewhere The castells of Millan and Cremona helde good as yet for the Duke And lastly the Venetians gaue hope that the Duke of Ferrara would also enter into this confederacion if the Pope would accord to him Reggia which by one meanes or other he had alwayes possessed These were the hopes of the confederates which reduced to good manner of proceeding caried their manifest reasons of happie issue These were the fundacions they layed against the ambicion and puisance of thEmperour shadowed neuerthelesse vnder the cloake and liuerie to assure their proper liberties But on thother side the difficulties which they discerned rested in the suttlety and vertue of thenemies who had this by custome and propertie of condicion to temporise a long time with litle money and endure many necessities with much patience They saw the townes which thennemies held were well fortified and no lesse facilitie to reduce them to better strength with rampars other sort of fortificacion for that they were townes whose situacion was in the plaine or champion By which oportunitie they were hable to enterteine them selues together vntill there came from Germanie a sufficient succor to drawe and driue the whole warre to the fortune of a battell Moreouer they sawe that touching the souldiours of the league they could not be but bodies raw vntrained in comparison of the others resolute and nourished in so many victories Besides they wanted the conduct and presence of a Capteine generall for that in the Marquis of Mantua then Capteine of the Church they reapposed not sufficient habilitie to manage and beare out suche a charge neither could they with any suretie committe them selues to the fidelitie of the Duke of Ferrara nor the Duke of Vrbin whom they had so much offended much lesse would they rest contented with the greatnes of the Pope whom they enuied with no litle murmure and grudge of mind Lastly they were not ignorant that naturally the armes and weapons of the Church had but dull edges and cutslowly and no lesse inferior was the vallour of the Venetians of whom if either of them aparte and seuerallie were weake and feeble what opinion or exspectacion of their forces being accompanied and conioyned This was also brought into consideracion that in the armies of leagues and confederats was seldome seene a concurrancie of prouisions at conuenient time and muche lesse a correspondencie of wills and mindes for that amongest suche a diuersitie of humors which draw with them diuersities of interestes and endes are easely kindled disorders disdaines and distrusts at the least there is seldom an vniuersall readines to followe resolutely the fauor of fortune when it is offered nor a ioynt disposicion to resist with constancie those stormes and aduersities with either the disfauour of the time or malicious instrument many stirre vp in an armie But the matter that in this councell or deliberacion drewe with it a great feare and difficultie was a suspicion conceiued of the frenchemen that whensoeuer thEmperour shoulde be constrained by the necessities of this warre to offer the deliuerie of their king that nation woulde not onely abandon the league but also ioyne in ayde with the Emperour gainst the confederates And albeit the kinge of Englande gaue for them his faith and worde of a Prince that they shoulde not accorde to suche a renunciacion and that there was deuise to giue assurance
an yll counsel of the Pope wrote to him that the Viceroy reiecting all motions to truce was contented to make peace with the Pope onely or with the Pope and Venetians ioyntly so farreforth as they would make payment of money to thend to mainteine the army for assurance of the peace and afterwards to debate in the matter of the truce with the others An alteration mouing eyther by the variation or chaunge of the Viceroy or happly by the perswasions of tharchbishop as many suspected At which time Paule d'Arezze being come to themprours Court with authoritie from the Pope the Venetians and Frauncis Sforce whither also went by the motiō of the king of England for the negociation of peace the Auditor of the Chamber the rather for that before were come thither full commissions from the french king He found themprour wholy chaunged both in minde will taking the reason of his alteration vpon an aduertisement he had receiued of the army of the launceknightes and of his Nauy in Italy In so much as enforcing the fauor of that good aduauntage he fled from all the conditions that were set downe before and vrged vehemently that the French king should obserue absolutely thaccord of Madrill to haue the cause of Frauncis Sforce heard by law before Iudges assigned by himselfe Thus did both the will and intention of themprour vary according to the successe of affayres like as also his commissions which he sent to his Agentes in Italy bare alwayes by reason of the distance of the place eyther an expresse or silent condition to gouerne themselues according to the variation of times and occasions Therfore the Viceroy after he had many dayes abused the Pope with vayne practises and would not so muche as consent to a surceance of armes for a few daies till the negociation might soart to some issue brake vp from Naples the xx of December to goe into thestates of the Church In which wilfulnesse he offred many new and very straunge conditions of accorde But to returne to the laste daye of the yeare wherein the Launceknightes as we haue sayde passed the ryuer of Nure The same day also the Duke of Ferrara by the meane of his Embassador capitulated with the Viceroy and Don Hugo who had commission from themprour Neuertheles the capitulation was made with a very small liking of that Embassador for that he was almoste constrayned to consent by the threates and rude words of the Viceroy Tharticles of the capitulation were these That the duke of Ferrara should be bounde aswell in his person as in his estates to serue themprour agaynst all his enemies That he should be capteine generall for themprour in Italy with a company of an hundred men at armes and two hundred light horsemen onely he should assemble and leauy them at his owne charges and receyue agayne allowance in his accountes That he should presently receyue the towne of Carpy and the Castell of Nouy which had apperteined to Albert Pio for the dowry of themprours bastard daughter promised to his sonne onely the reuenues should be aunswered in account of the souldiors a compensation to be made vntill the consummation of the mariage And that Vespatian Colonno and the Marquis of Guast should disclayme and renounce the rightes which they pretended to them That he should pay the summe of two hundred thousand duckets when he had recouered Modena but out of that should be deducted that which he had giuen to the Viceroy since the battell of Pauia That if he did not recouer Modena all the summes of money which he had before disbursed should be eftsones repayed to him That themprour should be bound to his protection not to make peace without comprehending him and not without obteining for him of the Pope absolution of the paynes and censures which he had incurred euer since he was declared confederate to themprour And lastly that he should vse all his meanes and authoritie to the Pope to absolue him of all those penalties and transgressions which he had runne into before Thus in the ende of the yere a thousande fiue hundred and sixe twentie all things prepared and tended to a manyfest and open warre The ende of the seuenteenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE EIGHTENTH BOOKE THe Duke of Burbonissueth out of Millan The Viceroy and Colonnois make vvarre agaynst the Pope in thestate of the Churche The Marquis of Salussa entreth vvithin Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdome of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope beeing abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith thimperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of Englande is declared agaynst themprour The confederates do many enterprises THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE OF THE historie and discourse of Guicciardin NOW ensueth the yeare of our Lorde a thousande fiue hundred and seuen and twenty A yeare prepared to many harde euentes and accidentes suche as for their crueltie were full of feare and daunger and for their straungenes had no example or experience with the worldes and ages before For in the predictions of this yeare was expressed an vniuersall face of troubles and confusion of mutation of estates of captiuitie of princes of desolation of Cities of dearth of vittelles and of a generall visitation of the plague yea through all the regions and climates of Italy there was no apparance nor contemplation of other thing then of blood death famine and fleeing A condition lamentable euen to forreiners and straungers that dyd but heare of it but moste intollerable to those miserable wretches vpon whose neckes the lawe of destenie had drawne so grieuous a yoke To these calamities there was no other thing that stayed the action of beginning and execution but the difficulties whiche the Duke of Burbon founde to make the regimentes of Spanishe footemen to departe out of Millan for where he had determined that Anthony de Leua shoulde abide there for the defence of the whole Duchie and reteyne with him all those bands of Launceknightes which were there before for whose enterteinmentes and payes were consumed bothe all the moneyes exacted at tymes vppon the Millannois and also suche other summes as were leauyed by the billes of exchaunge which the Duke of Burbon brought from Spayne And where he had also appoynted to remayne with the sayd Leua for the seruice of the Duchie a strength of twelue hundred footemen Spaniardes together with some bandes of Italian footemen vnder the leading of Lodovvike Belliense and other commaunders So likewise by their example all the other bandes and regimentes of souldiors for that they had in pray the houses the wyues and daughters of thinhabitantes of Millan were not discontented to liue still in that estate of licentious libertie But for that both for the necessitie of the present seruice and regarde of their proper honor and lastely for the awe and authoritie of the Duke of Burbon they