they marched along the high way of Portonouo where lay part of the strength of thAlmains his light horsmen that scoured before encountred out of the towne with capteine Rissan an Almain accōpanied with two hundred men at armes and three hundred light horsmen by whom at the first encounter they were repulsed but Aluiano comming to the reskew with the residue of his companies the skirmish was eftsones recontinued with greater fury daunger no lesse doubtfull thissue till capteine Rissan being wounded in the face was taken prisoner by Malatesta Sogliano The chaunce of the fight threw the next calamitie vpon the souldiors of Rissan who seeking their sauety by disorder and fleing retyred in their calamitie to Portonouo But fearing they should fayle to defend the towne that were not hable to kepe the feelde in their feare they fledde from the place that earst they ranne vnto for succour abandoning the towne which immediatly was put to sacke and many bodies of the contrey men slaughtred After this Aluiano in whom no one vertue was more cōmendable then his celeritie tooke the way to Osofo which Frangipan had newly besieged with the other part of the Almains who hearing of the cōming of Aluiano leauied their siege notwithstanding they lost much of their baggage and artilleries by a charge which the light horsemen gaue vpon their tayle By the same of these encounters bringing alwayes with them their victories almoste the whole contrey of Italie became returned to thobedience of the Venetians and Aluiano attempting a vayne enterprise vpon Goritia retyred with his armie to Padoa hauing by his owne certificate to Rome subdued what by the sworde and prisoners two hundred men at armes two hundred light horsmen and two thousande footemen But by reason of his departing the number of thAlmains being encreased they tooke of newe Cromonio and Monfalcon and constrayned the Venetians to breake vp their siege from before Marano where not manye dayes before capteine Frangipan had bene taken by ambush led prisoner to Venice for the Venetians feeling supplies and succors to flocke brake vp from thence in disorder and as it were discomfited and a litle after their estradiots beeing put to flight Iohn Vetturio their assistant was taken with an hundred horsemen These chaunges and alterations hapned oftentimes in Friull by the neighborhoode of thAlmains who were not serued in that quarter with other souldiors then trayned disciplined and such as after they had ouerronne pilled those quarters and that they perceiued the comming of the Venetian regiments with whom many of the contrey ioyned they retired immediatly to their houses returning alwayes to the seruice as occasion serued The Venetians sent thither a new supply of cōpanies by reason wherof the Viceroy gaue order that Alarson one of his Spanish capteins which lay betwene Este Montagnano Cologno should go to Friull with two hūdred men at armes an hundred light horsmen fiue hundred footemen but vnderstanding on the way that a truce was made in the contry by reason of the haruest he brake off his purpose returned frō whēce he came Thus as the warres of Italie proceeded mildly and in an easie course so also the practises of peace and agreement were not discontinued for the Frenche king being not altogether depriued of hope that the Svvizzers woulde consent to receiue recompense of money in place of resignation of his interestes and rightes sent to solicite them in that poynt with great instance But the Communalties were so farre estraunged from the king and his affayres that after they had compelled with many threatninges the gouernour of Geneua when thostages fled to deliuer them as prisoner the president of Grenoble whom the king had sent to that Citie to negociate with them They examined him with many torments whether any of their nation receyued any increase of pensions or interteined secret intelligence with the French king wherein no humanitie nor iustification was sufficient to stoppe the course of their barbarous crueltie Besides the Frenche king was not without suspicion that the Pope who for the diuersitie of his plottes and intentions was constrayned to sayle with great warynes amongst so many rockes would secretly worke the Svvizzers not to couenaunt with the king without him Not that he doubted he would stirre them vp to make warre from which he disswaded them so muche as he coulde but to remayne firme in thaccorde of Dyon or else for feare that with this beginning they were not brought to be separate from him In these regardes the king threatned that he would make hast to come to accord with the residue for that he alone would not stande thrust out to the battery of the whole world he was also weary of thintollerable expences and insolencies of souldiors for that hauing called into Fraunce twentie thousande Launceknightes whom he could not haue altogether but when the king of Englande laye before Tornay he would not sende them backe agayne but reteyned them in Fraunce to haue them ready for employment in due time according to occasion and necessitie These were they that did infinite harmes in his countrey with whom his authoritie was litle respected that by force was not hable to represse their insolencies In these difficulties and in so great confusion of affayres the onely matter that began to open to the French king the waye to his surety and hope to repossesse his first power reputation was the incredible discontentment that the king of Englande receyued of the renouation of the truce which his father in lawe had made A matter contrary to his faith promise many times reitterated to make no couenant nor cōtract with the french king without his consent he complayned so much the more publikely of this by howmuch it was the thirde tyme that his father in lawe had dallyed with him and therefore he began more and more to estraunge his minde from the renewing of the warre agaynst the french The Pope was not negligent to take thoportunitie of the kings disposition and began to worke with the Cardinal of Yorke to perswade his king that contenting himselfe with the glorie he had gotten and remembring what correspondancie of fayth he had founde in Caesar in the king Catholike and the Svvizzers he would forbeare to trauell any more with armes the realme of Fraunce which the Cardinall tooke vpon him eyther for a feare he had that the Frenche king in case the king of Englande would inuade him would not make peace and parentage with Caesar and the king Catholike as he alwayes threatned or else he thoughte that peace ensuing betweene them it were good for him to aduaunce him selfe as an actor and winne some fauour with the Frenche king in an action whiche was not in his power to lette It is moste certayne that when the Pope was tolde that the Frenche king woulde take armes agaynst the duchie of Millan being once assured of the king of Englande he aunswered
comparing with his present estate the accideut happned to Lodovvike Sforce hauing Svvizzers in his armie and in the French armie his enemies began to feare least they would ioyne him to that lamentable example he sawe it was likely that they would sooner practise infidelitie and treason agaynst him for the difficultie he had to paye them then agaynst the French men to whom was wanting no money to paye their wages nor to corrupt their mindes wherein this was one matter that confirmed him in his doubt that Iames Stafflier generall of the Svvizzers had asked him his paye with great arrogancie Which neuerthelesse was deferred besides many other difficulties because the treasor that was sent to him out of Germanie was restrayned by the Spanish regimentes that were within Bressia to satisfie so muche of their payes as were due So that in the consideration of these obiections and doubtes together that the daunger was nothing inferior to the feare Caesar brake vp his campe and retyred towards the ryuer of Adda his negligence taking from him the glorie of the victory which fortune and oportunitie seemed to prepare for him for if he had made his approches to Millan but three dayes affore a time which he vaynely consumed affore Asola the French men that lyned in great doubt and incertentie of the comming of the Svvizzers had returned beyonde the Mountes Besides if he had not so soone discamped eyther the Frenche men not reapposing fully in the Svvizzers for the respectes of their contrey men that serued in Caesars campe had followed their first councell or else the Svvizzers taking their excuse vpon the commaundement of their superiors would haue abandoned the French men Caesar passed the ryuer of Adda and was not followed of the Svvizzers who remayned at Loda protesting that if their payes came not within foure dayes they would depart and leaue his seruice But Caesar making his aboade vpon the territories of Bergama gaue them continuall hopes to be satisfied for that he exspected a newe supply of money to be sent him out of Englande he threatned to drawe backe his forces agayne to Millan which estsones recontinued the doubts of the French men who nowe more then euer stoode incertayne of the fidelitie of the Svvizzers for that besides they had willingly forslowed their comming with protestation that they would neuer lift vp their weapons agaynst their contrey men in the other campe there was come to them a commaundement from the Cantons to forsake the paye of the French men In so much as there were two thousande of them that went away leauing behind them great feare least the others would follow their example notwithstanding the Cantons had assured the king that they had giuen secret commaundement to their footemen to the contrarie At laste Caesar after he had leauyed vpon the towne of Bergama an impost of xvj thousande duckets and was gone towardes Crema vnder hope of an intelligence returned estsones vpon the territories of Bergama without doing any thing and determined to withdrawe him selfe to Trenta He communicated with the Capteines of the army his deliberation assuring them that his principall intention was to giue order for money whiche he ment to leauie of men with the which and with the treasor of Englande that was vppon the way he would make a short returne desiring them to temporise exspect with him so good preparation And they hauing sacked Loda and forced the castell without artillerie retyred to Guiaradada for want of vittells after they had also made pillage of the towne of S. Ange. After the departing of Caesar there was some hope that the Svvizzers with whom was ioyned the whole army at Romano would estesones passe the ryuer of Adda the rather for that the Marquis of Brandebourg was come to the campe and the Cardinall of Syon to Bergama with thirtie thousande duckets which the king of Englande had sent for feare whereof the duke of Burbon whom almoste all the Svvizzers and the Venetian souldiors had forsaken was come vpon the shoares on the other side the ryuer to make resistaunce but the thoughtes of thenemies were sodenly chaunged for that the Svvizzers the money not suffising to satisfie their whole pay dispersed and returned into their contrey by the vallie of Voltolina And for the same cause a regiment of three thousande footemen parte Spanishe and parte Dutche came and rendred them selues to the campe of the French men and the Venetians who being passed the ryuer of Adda had not ceassed to trauell thenemies with sundrie incursions and to skirmishe with them with diuerse fortunes and accidentes sometimes the French men had the worse who in a hoat skirmishe made neare Bergama loste about two hundred men at armes and sometimes the aduersitie fell vpon the contrarie parte of whom in a like encounter fell into the fortune of a prisoner Caesar Fiermosquo The residue of th armie drewe neare to Bressia hauing receyued in prest a ducket for euery man but for the impedimentes that the light horsemen gaue them Mark Antho. Colonno entred into Verona with the Launceknightes and certayne bandes of Spanishe footemen and all the others seperated themselues This was the ende of the mouing and marching of Caesar wherein the Frenche king had no small suspicion of the Pope for that hauing summoned him according to the bonde of the league made betweene them that he should send to the defence of thestate of Millan fiue hundred men at armes or at least drawe them neare the confines and withall to wage three thousande Svvizzers according to his offer made to Antho. Maria Paluoisin whiche the king charged him withall The Pope made but colde aunswers touching the waging of Svvizzers and taking an occasion to excuse himselfe that his men were in yll appoyntment he promised to sende him bandes of the Florentins who with certeine of his souldiors marched very slowly towardes Bolognia and Reggia The king suspected more and more that he dyd communicate with the comming of Caesar both for that assone as he knewe he was entred into Italy he created Legate with him Barnerd Bibiena Cardinall of S. Maria in Portico who bare alwayes a setled emulation to the French and was accustomed to impugne the proceding of their affayres with the Pope And also for that he suffred Mark. Antho. Colonno with his regimentes to folowe Caesars armie But howe so euer the king was ielouse of the Popes priuitie in this action or by what humors he ranne in coniecture agaynst him for his consent to the emotion it is moste true that touching his proper interest the Pope was not a little aggreeued with the discending of Caesar with so great forces fearing that if he caryed the victorie he woulde aduenture to oppresse all Italie according to his auncient inclination Neuerthelesse what for thimpression of feare and that suche maner of proceeding was conformable to his nature he dissembled his thoughtes labouring to make himselfe as litle hatefull as he coulde to
reputacion and authoritie He was a father of soldiours a director of their councelles a framer of their disposicions an example of vertue and a guide to true glorie and fame He was not apte to embrace lightly all occasions that the disorders of thennemies might offer for this propertie was ioyned to his wit rather to doubt too much then beleue too hastely And so ielous was he ouer the safetie and suertie of his people that he would not easily giue any aduauntage to thennemy to oppresse him He would alwayes saye that in a Generall the glorie was greater to feare a mischiefe and foresee it then to runne with occasions which can not bee without their hazardes He was by nature easie slow in his actions and seeking alwayes to administer warres more with councelles then with the sword he left to others this propertie of example to defend estates by temporising and not without great necessitie to commit the euent of battelles to fortune For in our tyme the managing and gouernment of warres hath farre differed since that affore Charles the eight past into Italy The brunt of the warre being more borne out with horsemen armed at all partes then with footemen and no lesse inconuenient and troublesome the engines wherwith they were wont to take townes notwithstanding the armies came oftentymes to the shock of battell yet the slaughter was litle very rare the bloud that was spilt And townes also that were beseged defended themselues with suche facilitie not for that they had more knowledge in defense but through ignorance to take them that there was not so litle or weake a towne which was not able for many dayes to resist great armies of enemies At that tyme Princes did not intrude vppon thestates of others without very great difficulties But when King Charles made his first discending into Italy the regions of that nation were so replenished with terror astonishment what through the feare of new nations and the vallour of the footemen whose feight was in another manner but most of all through the furie of thartilleries by whose vnacquainted roaring noyse the ignorant people feared no lesse then if the frame of the world had falne that there was no hope for any Prince to be able to defende himselfe that were not strong enough to keepe the fielde For men that had no knowledge to defende townes yelded at the first approach of thenemies and if happly any towne stoode to her defence it was taken within fewe dayes suche was the surie of thartilleries and suche the ignorance of men that had yet no custome nor familiaritie with them By that meane the realme of Naples and the Duchie of Millan were no sooner inuaded then they were conquered In that sort the Venetians being vanquished in one battell only left abandoned immediatly all their iurisdiction in the firme land And in that sort the Frenche men hauing skarcely seene thenemyes left the Duchie of Myllan But since the witte of man comprehending better the furie of batteries began to oppose engine and industrie for their defence and fortefied townes with mountes trenches flankes rampiers and Bastillions which they made apte to bestow artilleries vppon And being planted in a place which men seeke to defend doe farre more hurt then that that is braked without So that at this daye it is verie harde to take a towne where is any resistance made And happlie those inuentions began in Italy in the dayes of our fathers when the towne of Ottranto was reconquered vppon the Turkes wherin when Alfonso Duke of Calabria entred afterwardes he founde that the Turkes had made many rampiers and fortifications suche as were vnknowen to the Italians but yet those sortes of fortificatiōs remeined rather as images in the myndes of men then that they were folowed Prospero either was the only man or the first man of all other that with greatest reputacion hath twise by those meanes defended the Duchie of Myllan And aswel in offending as in defending and cutting of thenemies from vittelles as also in prolonging the warre with suche cunning that pouertie disorders and other extremities consumed them he hath borne out the warre and vanquished without once aduenturing the battell without breaking of a Launce yea almost without drawing a sworde So that he standing in example to others that haue come after many warres continued for many moneths haue bene ouercome more with industrie with stratageame and with temporising then with the force or fortune of armes These thinges were done in Italy in the yeare 1523. And the yeare folowing were made beyond the mounts preparacions of right great exspectation and yet brought forth no effectes worthy of so mightie Princes For where the Emprour the King of Englande had cōtracted promised the Duke of Burbon to enter with a strong armie the one into Piccardy the other into Guyen The mouing of the King of Englād was to smal purpose thēterprise of the Duke of Burbon to inuade Burgōdy was turned into a moūteine of smoke For that wanting mony to paie his Laūceknights besides the diminuciō of their nombers by the practise of certein Capteins that stoale away to the Frēch king he dispaired to do any thing in Fraūce in that mind wēt to Millan There themprour hauing no mind that he shold passe into Spain perhaps because he wold not haue the mariage of his sister go forward which the Duke of Burbon desired sēt to hī Mōsr de Beaurain to persuade hī to staie there gaue him thauthority title of his lieftenāt general in Italy to induce him with better wil to abide there Neither did things happē more happily to Thēprour on the coast of Spaine for that albeit in a burning desire to the warres he was come to Pampeluna to passe in person into Fraunce and had already sent his armie beyond the Mountes Pireney where he had taken Saueterra which is not farre from S. Iohn de pied de Porc yet drawing with him many other imperfections he founde at last that his readines was farre greater then his power for that as for the want of money he was not hable to enterteine so great forces as were necessarie for so great an enterprise so for that want also he was not able to assemble his armie vntill the latter ende of the yere when the nature of the season doubled vpon him his difficulties and tooke from him the libertie of the wayes These impediments compelled him to dissolue his armie erected almost agaynst the counsell of all his capteines which made the Duke of Albe a prince of great authoritie say in the heate of the warre that themprour who in many things resembled king Ferdinand his grandfather by the mother side did in this deliberacion beare moste similitude and likenesse with his grandfather by the father side Nowe came on the yere a thousande fiue hundred twentie and foure when the difficulties of the Frenche men stirring vp themperours capteines to looke to
Capteynes and by his armye Abowt this tyme the Cardinalls that were in Italy made a mocion that aswell they as the other Cardinalls beyonde the Mountes might assemble together at Auignion to take councell in so troublesom a tyme what coursse to holde for the stabilitie of the Church But because they woulde not all at one tyme raunge them selues vnder the power of so mightye Princes they refused to goe thether though with diuerse excuses By whose example also the Cardinall Saluiatio Legat in the Frenche Court beeing required by the Pope to goe to thEmprour to helpe his affayres at the comming of Don Hugo who according to the capitulacion was to go vp to thEmprour refused to accomplish that legacion as though it had beene a matter hurtfull to deliuer vppe to the power of thEmprour at one tyme so many Cardinalls Onely he sent by one of his seruaunts of credit thinstructions he had receyued from Rome to thAuditor of the chamber resident with thEmprour to th ende he might negociat with him who brought from him very gracious wordes but such as promised a diuerse and vncerteine resolucion And albeit thEmprour could haue desired that the Pope had beene ledde into Spayne yet for that it was a matter full of infamye and greatly tending to incense the king of England And withall for that all the Potentates and prouinces of Spayne and principally the Prelats and Lordes detested not a litle that an Emprour of Rome Protector and Aduocat of the Church should with so great indignitie to all Christendom holde in prison the man in whome was represented the person of Iesus Christ in earth In those regardes he made gracious aunswers to all thEmbassadors which occupied his presence there At whose instance also to goe thorowe with a peace he sayde he was content to referre the action of it to the king of England which was accepted by them And seeming to confirme this good inclinacion with corespondencye of effects he dispatched into Italy the thirde daye of August the generall of the Graye Frears and foure dayes after him Veri de Miglian enhabling both the one and other with commissions sufficient to the Viceroy for the deliuery of the Pope and restitucion of all such townes and castells as had bene taken from him he consented also for the better releeuing of the Pope that his Nuncio should send him a certeine summe of money exacted vppon the collection of his Realmes who in their Courts and parlyaments had refused to contribute money to thEmprour In this time about the ende of Iuly the Cardinall of Yorke passed the sea to Callyce with twelue hundred horse The French king who had great desire to receyue him with all showes of honor sent to meete him at his landing the Cardinal of Lorraine and went afterwardes in personne to Amyens where the Cardinall of Yorke made his entrey the daye after with very greate pompe Wherein one thinge that muche augmented his glorye and reputacion was the treasor he had brought with him amownting to three hundred thowsande crownes bothe to furnishe thexspenses occurringe and to imparte it with the Frenche Kinge by waye of loane if neede were They debated betwene them aswel of matters apperteyning to the peace as of occasions tending to nourish the warre Wherein albeit the ends and intencions of the French king were different from the purposes of the king of England for that to haue his children restored he cared not to leaue abandoned to manifest praye both the Pope and all the state of Italy yet what by the authoritie of the king of England and necessitie of his owne affayres he was driuen to promisse to make no accord with thEmprour without the deliuery of the Pope And therefore thEmprour hauing sent to the king of England the articles of the peace aunswer was made to him by both the kings that they woulde accept the peace vnder condicions of restitucion of the children of Fraunce receyuing for raunsom of them two millions of duckats within a certeine tyme and deliuerye of the Popes person with the state Ecclesiastike together with the conseruacion of all the gouernments and estates of Italy as they were at that present and lastly vnder condicion of an vniuersall and generall peace And bicause the mariage of the French king with the Emprours sister should still continue there was set downe a speciall couenant that thEmprour accepting these articles the Daughter of the king of England should be maryed to the Duke of Orleans But in case the peace succeeded not the king him selfe should take her to wife After these articles were sent they refused to giue safe conduit to a man whome the Emprour required to send into Fraunce aunswering that they had done enough to send him the articles of their resolucion Which being not accepted by thEmprour the peace and confederacion betweene the two kings was sworne and published solemnly the eyght day of August They determined to employ all their forces in the warre of Italy hauing for their principall obiect the deliuerye of the Pope And touching the manner to proceede in that warre they reapposed them selues vppon Monsr Lavvtrech to whome according to the confidence they had in him they gaue absolute power and before he tooke his leaue to depart with his expedicion they suffered him to obteyne of the French king all his demaundes for that the king ment in that warre to set vppe his last rest The Cardinall of Yorke would also that the knight Casalo shoulde goe to the campe on the behalfe of his king and that the thirty thowsande duckats which were his monthly contribucion should be deliuered to him to th ende to be assured if the nūber of Almaines were compleate Thus after the resolucions and directions of the warre were established the Cardinall of Yorke returned and at his departure he dispatched the pronotorye Gambaro to the Pope to induce him to make him his Viccaire generall in England in Fraunce and in Germanye so longe as he was in prison Whereunto though the French king seemed by demonstracions to consent yet secretly and in effect he did impugne so great an ambicion In this meane whyle there passed but very fewe actions and exploytes of warre in Italy thexspectacion of the comming of Lavvtrech being very great The reason was that as the Imperiall armye full of disorder and disobedience to their Capteynes and no lesse chargeable to their friendes and townes that were rendred made no greate mouing and gaue no feare at all to their enemyes so the footebandes of Spanyardes and Italyans fleeing from the infection of the plague laye dispearsed and wandring abowt the confynes of Rome And the Prince of Orenge with an hundred and fiftye horsemen was gonne vppe to Syenna aswell to eschewe the daunger of the plague as to keepe that citie in the deuocion of thEmperour And for the better conteyning the Citie in fidelitie and order he had sent thyther before certeyne bandes of footemen the rather for that
all that to consigne vnto the Duke of Ferrara Modena which he had deteyned in deputacion till that daye leauing them to decyde afterwards the differences betweene them So that by reason of that dealing there was not for many moneths betwene the Pope and the Duke of Ferrara neither an open warre nor an assured peace the Popelying alwayes in watche to oppresse him with conspiracies and surprise or els to exspect the occasion to heape against him an open warre with the supportacion of greater Princes This yeare of 1531. brought forth no other accidents and the tranquillitie also went on continuing for the yeare following A yeare more daungerous for forreine warres then for the emocions of Italy for the Turke beeing kindled with the ignominie of his repulse at Vienna and no lesse vnderstanding howe thEmprour was intangled in Germany prepared a right huge and great armye wherein boasting insolently of his forces he let not to publish that his intencion was to constraine thEmprour to come to battell with him By the rumor and renowme of which preparacions both the Emprour put him selfe in as good order as he could reuoking into Germany the Marquis of Guast with his Spanish regiments and a great band of horsemen and footemen Italyans And the Pope promised to contribute to him a defraiment of forty thowsand duckats for euery moneth sending for the same expedicion as Legat Apostolike his Nephew the Cardinall of Medicis And lastly the Princes and free townes of Germany prepared in fauor of thEmprour and for the common defense of Germany A very huge and mighty army But the effects aunswered nothing the renowme and the feare for Solyman who for the greatnes of his preparacions and difficultie and distance of the way could not enter into Hungarie but verie late did not drawe directlie with his armie where thEmperour was but exhibiting onely a show of warre together with certeine bragging Caualcadoes and braueries of horsemen he returned to Constantinople leauing the enterprise vnperfect for want of vallour which he had induced and managed with so mightie preparacions Neither did thEmperour shew any greater deuocion or readines seeing that when he vnderstood the Turkes drew neare much lesse that he made out to meete them seeing vppon their retyring he omitted to pursue with all his forces the faire occasion that was offered him to reconquer Hungarie for his brother Onely yeelding to his importunate desire to go into Spaine he gaue order that certeine bands of Spanish footemen some regiments of Launceknightes should be conuerted to thenterprise of Hungarie But that order was immediatlie disordered by the insolent behauiours of thItalians who pushed on by certeine their Captaines disdaining that the authority and conduit of the enterprise was giuen to others and not to them so mutined That hauing no reason to alleage for their tumult and the presence of the Emperour who went thither to appease them being not sufficient to conteine them They tooke resolutely and vniuersally their way into Italie in which disorder they marched with great hast for feare to be followed and in their way with minds malicious they burned many villages and houses in reuenge as they said of the burnings wasting committed in many places in Italie by the Launceknights ThEmperour also returned by the way of Italie and where he had set downe in what order and by what places should passe his Court and all his trayne The Cardinall Medicis caried with humors and passions of youth would not obey the order generallie giuen to all the traine but in his insolencie respecting lesse the Emperours order then his owne ambicious will he aduaunced and gotte before together with Peter Maria Rossa vppon whom chiefly was layed the fault of that sedicion This bred no litle indignacion in thEmperour either for that he imputed the beginning and discourse of the matter to the Cardinall or else he feared least the Cardinall standing ill contented that Alexander his cossin was preferred to the administracion of thestate of Florence would goe after the bandes of Italians to lead them to trouble the affaires of Tuskane In which regard he caused to be apprehended by the way the Cardinall and with him Peter Maria Rossa But after he had better considered of thimportaunce of the matter he wrote letters for the redeliuerie of the Cardinall to whome as well as to the Pope he protested many excuses Onely Peter Maria remeyned prisoner though not long after he was released working greatlie for him with thEmperour the iniurie which it seemed he had done to the Cardinall The retyring of the Turke deliuered the regions of Italie of a great warre that threatned to fall vpon them for where the Frenche king and king of England with mindes full of emulacion against thEmperour had an enteruiewe and conference together betwene Calice and Bolleyne where taking their groundes that the Turke would abide that winter in Hungarie and hold intangled the forces of thEmperour They consulted that the French king vnder that oportunitie should inuade the Duchie of Millan and hauing a disposicion to draw the Pope to their parte by violence and astonishment whom they could neuer allure by other meanes they deuised to take from him the obedience of their kingdoms in case he would not cōsent to that which they desired of him which was for the action of Millan for the French king for the king of England to giue sentence on his side in the cause of diuorce And to relate their intencions they were determined to sende to him with sharpe commissions the Cardinalls of Tournon and Tarbes both which bare no small authoritie with the Frenche king But the newes which they receiued of the retyring of the Turke before the time of their enteruiew was determined did not onely well moderate those deuises and their seuerities but were also the cause that the king of England would not suffer to passe to Calyce the Lady Anne Bulleine to celebrate mariage with her publikely in that assembly Notwithstanding that both the cause was hanging in the Court of Rome also he was forbidden by writs Apostolike vnder paine of very great iudgements to innouate nothing to the preiudice of the first mariage ▪ But so deepe did the French king dissemble that albeit to confirme the minde of the king of England that he would be against the Pope he imposed by his owne authoritie vppon the Clergie of his Realme a taxe of tenthes dispatched the two Cardinalls to the Pope yet not obseruing the fidelitie of his word and promisse he sent them furnished with commissions farre differing from the resolucion of the two kings in the beginning The Emprour being comen into Italy with a desire to speake with the Pope the place of their meeting and enteruiewe was eftsoones assigned at Bolognia A place which the Pope accepted willingly the rather for that he would giue no occasion to thEmprour to goe to the Realme of Naples and by that occasion to make
betwene the Viceroy and the Venetians The person of the frenche king led prisoner into Spaine Occasions giuen to themperour of new emotions Conspiracy agaynst the Emprour Capitulations betwene the confederates agaynst the Emprour The 〈…〉 ing 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 in the cas 〈…〉 of Madrill The Lady Alanson treateth with theÌ„prour for the kinges deliuery Cardinall Saluiatio the Popes Legate in the Court of themprour Ierome MoroÌ„ prisoner The Duke of Burbon in Spaine The death of the Marquis of Pisquairo Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour Qualities of Pope Leo and Clement Pope Clement the 〈…〉 makes a lâ—agee agaynst themprour ThEmperour maried to the daughter of Portugall Oration of the Chauncellor Oration of the Viceroy The treaty of Madrill touching the deliuery of the fr. king The fr. king marieth themprours sister Themprour vvriteth to the Pope touching the fr. kings deliuery The maner of the deliuery of the french king The fr. king complaineth vppon thEmprour The inhabitants of Myllan rise vp against the imperialls Themprour ill contented The Pope the fr. king and Venetians make league together Loda surprised by the Venetians The armie of the lâ—â—gue before Millan The army of the league broken vp from before Myllan Katherine de Medicis The Pope in great astonishment The inhabitants of Millan ill handled by the Spanyards The inhabitantes of Millan implore the compassion of the Duke of Burbon The armye of the league come before Millan the second time The Castell of Millan rendred to thimperialls Soliman Ottoman in Hungria The Pope moueth the confederates to inuade the realme of Naples Prouisions of the Emprour against the confederats Cremona rendred to the confederats Capitulacion betwene the Colonnois and the Pope to deceiue him King of Hungrie ouerthrowen in battell by Solyman Truce betwene the Pope and thEmperour Cremona giueÌ„ by the confederates to Fr. Sforce The league signified to the emprour Deliberation of the duke of Vrbin Catherine de Medicis Duke of Vrbin goeth agaynst the launce knights of George Fronsp Death of Iohn de Medicis Encounter of the Nauye of thempror with the fleete of the confederates The prince of Orenge vvith the Launceknights Ierom Moron out of prison Capitulations betwene theÌ„prour duke of Ferrara 1427. The duke of Burbon goeth out of Millan and leaueth there Antho. de Leua The duke of Ferrara perswadeth the duke of Burbon Continuation of the warre begon in thestate ecclesiastike Caesar Fieremosquo sent by themprour to the Pope The confederates resolue to inuade Naples Monsr Vaudemont the Popes lieftenant Exploytes of the Nauy of the confederates Katherine de Medicis Count Caiazzo goeth from thimperialls to the pay of thEcclesiastikes The Duke of Ferrata couÌ„celleth the Duke of Burbon to goe to Rome The Pope loaseth corage and why The Pope accerdeth with thImperialls Tumult in Florence The Pope compelled to harken to the warre The duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome The Duke of Burbon slayne at the assault of Rome Rome taken and sacked The Pope being abaÌ„doned of all hopes compoundeth with the Imperialls Plague in Rome Confederacion betwene the French king and the king of England Monsr Lawtrech Capteine generall of the league The Cardinal of Yorke in Fraunce Awicked act Genoway returneth to thobedience of the French king Alexandria taken The sacke of Pauya Demaundes which the Emperour made to the armie of the confederats if thaccord went on The Duke of Ferrara entreth into the league Accorde betâ—eene the Pope and themprours Agents The Pope goeth out of prison The Pope thanketh Monsr Lavvtrech for his deliuerie 1528. VVarre denounced agaynst themprour by the kings of Englande and Fraunce The lie giuen by the french king to themprour For what occasioÌ„ the king of EnglaÌ„d refused his wife the Lady Katherine of Aragon Lawtrech entring into the Realme of Naples Andre Dore retyreth from Genes Peter Nauare taleth Aquila The Imperial army yssueth out of Rome The contents of Monsr 〈…〉 treches army Monsr S. Pol appoynted to the warres of Italy Miserable condition of the citie of Millan The Frenche befiâ—gâ— Napler Resolution of thImperialls within Naples Fight at sea betweene the Imperials and French. Death of the Viceroy Dâ— Hugo Monkado Disc 〈…〉 dities aswel of the imperials as the French during the siege of Naples Obstinacie of Monsr Lavvtrech The affaires of the French men begin to decline Antho. de Leua recouereth Pauia Duke of Br 〈…〉 dswyke in Italie for the Emperour Loda besieged by thimperialls The bandes of LauÌ„ceknights vnder Brundswike do mutine The Popes excuses to the confederats The Popes inâ—â—â—ion touching â—lâ—rice Cardinall CaÌ„peius Legaâ— in England Andre Dore leaueth the paye of the French. Couenantes betwene themprour and Andre dore Many difficulties in the â—â—â—army Death of Monsr Lawtrech Capitulations of the Marquis of Salussa with the Imperialls The proceedings of MoÌ„sr Saint Pol in Lombardy The taking of Genoway by Andre Dore New gouernment established in Ge 〈…〉 ay Mont Ian misseth to surprise Andre Dore. Execucions at Naples Proceedings of Monsr Saint Polin Lombardy Deuises of the Pope â—â— restore his house in Florence Cause of the ruine of the Cardinal of Yorke All the Princes harken to peace Monsr Saint Pol prisoner to Antho. dâ— Leua The Pope at accord with thEmprour Peace betwen thEmprour French king negociated in Cambray Themprour sendeth to the P. of Orenge to inuade the states of the Florentins Themprour at Genes vvhither the princes of Italy send embassadours to him The Pope maketh offers to Malatesâ—a The Pope the Emperour as Bolognia Capitulacions betwene the Emprour the Venetians duke of Millan Myllan rendred by themprour to FrauÌ„cis Sforce Lastra taken Camisado Themprour taketh the Crowne at Bolognia Empoly sackt by the Marquis of Guast The Florentins out of hope to be succoured by the fr. king The prince of Orenge slaine The issue of the vvarre of Florence The flaâ—e of the Ciâ—ie of Florence after the siege Ferdinand elected king of Romaines The French king and king of England ill disposed to the Emprour The French king inciâ—â—â—â— the Turke against thEmprour The Pope holdeth him selfe offended with the Empr 〈…〉 The Turke returneth with shame to Constantinople Enteruiew of the king of England and French king A second enteruiew of the Pope and Emprour aâ— Bolognia Katherine de Medicis A league for the defense of Italy The Pope wil not â—arken to â— councell The Pope refuseth to giue his Neece in mariage to the Duke of Myllan Enteruiew of the Pope and fr. king at Marseilles Katherine de Medicis maried to the second sonne of Fraunce The Pope knoweth his end Barberossa aâ— Thunis Death of pope Clement the vij Creation of Pope Paule the thirde A TABLE OF THE MOST PRINCIPALL AND GENERALL MATTERS CONTEYNED in the historie digested according to the order Alphabit A ASensible and apparant token of the ruyne of Princes when they esteme themselues more then they are and make their enemies lesse then they find them 21. A good
the crowne of Fraunce 876. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour 910. Conspiracy against thEmprour 935. Capitulacions betweene the confederats against thEmprour 935. Castell of Myllan rendred to thImperialls 1004. Cremona rendred to the confederats 1014. The Confederats resolue to inuade Naples 1040. Confederacion betweene the Frenche king and king of England 1070. Cardinall of Yorke in Fraunce 1073. Cardinal Campeius Legat in England 1114. Couenants betwene Andre Dore and thEmprour 1119. Causes of the ruyne of the Cardinall of Yorke 1139. Capitulacions betweene thEmprour the Venetians Duke of Myllan 1161. Creaciō of Pope Pawle the third 1183 D Duchie of Brittaine inuested in the crowne of Fraunce 24. Death of Ferdinand king of Aragō 27. Duke of Calabria marcheth towardes Calabria 37. Death of Iohn Galeas Duke of Millan 48. Dom Federyk aunswereth the French king 84. Death of Ge. Otto a Turke and kept in refuge by the Pope 85. Duke of Venice reasoneth in fauour of the Pysans and preuaileth 143. Declinacion of the French in the kingdom of Naples 156. Duke of Candia generall of the Popes army 170. Duke of Myllan practiseth against the Venetians touching Pisa 176. Disorders in Florence for the gouernment 177. Duke of Myllan prosecuteth his practise against the Venetians 183. Death of king Charles the eight 184. Death of Sauonarola 185. Duke of Venice aunswereth the Florentyn Embassadors 197. Doings of the French king during the warre of Pisa 203. Duke of Myllan being made astonished with the league soliciteth an accord 215. Duke Valentynois taketh Ymola by the ayde of the French. 236. Discending of the Turke Ibid. Duke Valentynois taketh Furly 237. Disorders in the Frenche gouernment in Myllan 238. Duke of Myllan made prisoner by the treason of the Swizzers 242. Duke Valentynois beseegeth Faenza 250. Duke Valentynois leauieth his campe Ibid. Duke Valentynois disdayneth to be repulsed 251. Duke Valentynois taketh the Duchie of Vrbyn 269. Disorders in Florence touchinge the gouernment 272. Duke Valentynois with the frēch k. 274. Duke Valētynois great with the french king againe 275. Duke of Vrbyn recouereth his estate 278. Duke Valentynois demaundeth succor of the French king Ibid. Death of Cardinall Vrsin 283 Discending of the Swyzzers into the Duchie of Myllan 291. Duke Valentynois for the french k. 310. Duke Valentynois arested by the Pope 318. Discourse vpon the nauigacions of the Spanyards 328. Death of king Federyk 339. Death of Elizabeth Queene of Spaine 340. Death of Cardinall Askanius 345. Dissimulacions very daungerous in the persons of great men 354. Death of king Philip. 363. Death of Duke Valentynois 365. Dyot of Constance 376. Deliberacion of the Venetians 394. Deliberacion of the Venetians 410. Defeate of the Venetians 422. Diuerse opinions touching the fall of the Venetians 430. Descripcion of Padoa 445. Descripcion of Verona 458. Death of the Count Petillano 460. Discending of the Swizzers to the Duchie of Myllan 483. Duke of Ferrara goeth to Rome to demaund pardon of the Pope 603. Duke of Ferrara in daunger to be prisoner at Rome Ibid. Disposiciō of Princes to the warre 634. Desire of Pope Leo to chase the french king out of Italy 638. Death of king Lewys the 12. 684. Death of Aluiano 709. Death of the king Catholike 714. Death of the great Capteine Ibid. Duchie of Vrbyn returneth to the obedience of the naturall Duke 732. Descripcion of the citie of Pezero 733. Death of Iohn Ia. Tryunlce 761. Death of law de Medicis 766. Disorder in an army breeds more daūger then the sword of thennemy 798. Death of Pope Leo the tenth 813. Duke of Vrbyn and the Baillons before Sienna 823. Death of Pope Adrian 857. Death of Prospero Colonno and his qualities 868. Duke of Burbon commeth to Myllan being not able to do any thing in Burgondie 869. Defendants of Pauya in necessitie 894. Duke of Burbon in Spayne 943. Death of the Marquis of Pisquaro 943. Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour 944. Duke of Burbon goeth out of Myllan leaueth there Antho. de Leua 1035. Duke of Ferrara perswadeth the D. of Burbon 1036. Duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome 1059. Duke of Burbon slayne at the assalt of Rome 1061. Death of the Viceroy Don Hugo Mōcado 1105. Duke of Brundswike in Italy for thEmprour 1110. Death of Monsr Lawtrech 1122. Deuises of the Pope to restore his house in Lombardy 1137. Death of Pope Clement the vij 1183. E Estate wherein Italy was anno 1490. 1 Embassadors of Myllan perswade the french king to the voyage of Naples 14. Embassadors of Florence confute the complaints of the Pysans 75. Encownter of Soriano 171. Embassadors of the Florentyns at Venice 196. Eldest sonne of king Federyk sent into Spayne 262. Experience declareth this to be true that that which many desire succeedeth rarely for that theffects of humane actions c. 273. Exploytes of the french armies beyond the mountes 320. ThEmprour speaketh in the Dyot 377 Enterprise of Bolognia by the Pope king of Aragon 565. English men at Fontaraby against the french 624. Estate of humane felicities subiect to emulacion and nothing of more difficultie to mortal mē then to beare wel the height and greatnes of fortune 629. English army affore Tournaye 665. Elephantes presented to the Pope 682. Enteruiew of Pope Leo and the french king in Bolognia 711. Emprour in England 775. Election of Pope Adrian the sixt 822. Emprour Charles maried to the daughter of Portugall 951. Emprour writeth to the Pope touching the french kings deliuery 964. Emprour ill contented 976. Execucion at Naples 1132. Emprour sendeth to the Prince of Orenge to inuade the Florentyns 1147. Emprour at Genes 1148. Emprour taketh the crowne at Bolognia 1165. Employ sackt by the Marquis of Guast 1168. Enteruiew of the king of England and French king 1176. Enteruiewe of the Pope and French k. at Marselles 1181. F Ferdinand king of Aragon 2. Frenche kinge sendeth Embassadors to the Pope Florentyns and Venetians 30 Florentyns aunswer the Frenche Embassadors 32. French king angry with the Florentyns aunswer 32. French king prayeth amitie of the Venetians 33. Foreshowes of the calamities of Italy 40. French king doubtfull to goe thorowe with thenterprise of Naples 41. French king in Ast 43. French king discribed Ibid. French king visiteth Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan 48. French king in minde to returne into Fraunce 49. Florentyns discontented with Peter de Medicis 54. French k. draweth towards Florēce 57. French king entreth Florence 58. French king at Syenna 60. French king entreth Rome 63. French king kisseth the Popes feete 64. French king entreth Naples 70. French king maketh offers to Dom Federyk 84. French king sendeth an army to inuade Yschia 84. French king vseth negligence in ordering the things of Naples 88. French king taketh councel what to do against the league of confederats 90. French k. crowned king of Naples 92. French king aspyreth to the surprising of Genes 98. French kinges attempts vppon Genes
agaynst the Pope Fol. 463. After the taking of Bolognia the French armie returneth to the Duchie of Millan The Councell that vvas to be holden at Pisa agaynst the Pope is transferred to Millan vvhere many stirres happen The Popes armie besiegeth Bolognia The French men take Bressia The battell is giuen at Rauenna The Pope publisheth the Councell at Rome Aftervvardes the affayres of the French begin to decline Fol. 531. The Duke of Ferrara is in great trouble The Medicis returne to Florence The king of Romanes makes alliance vvith the Pope Maxymylian Sforce is put in the possession of the Duchie of Myllan The French king maketh his preparacion to recouer Myllan Pope Iulio dyeth Leo the tenth is created Pope The French men are ouerthrovven neare to Nouaro and the Venetians neare to Vincensa Fol. 602. The king of England makes vvarre vppon the Fr. king The Venetians recouer Fryull The Pope as Arbitrator pronovvnceth peace betvveene them and the king of Romaines king Lovvys the xij dyeth Frauncis the first commeth to the crovvne and discendeth into Italy to reconquer Myllan Fol. 660. The D. of Vrbyn makes an enterprise to recouer his estate out of the handes of Pope Leo The Fr. king makes a league vvith the Pope The conspiracie of Cardinall Petruccio against the Pope is discouered Charles king of Spayne is chosen Emprour Martyn Luther vvriteth against the Pope The Pope putteth to death Iohn Pavvle Baillon Fol. 729. Pope Leo is the cause that the peace continueth not in Italy He ioyneth in league vvith th Emprour against the French king The French king loseth the Duchie of Myllan Pope Leo dyeth Adrian the sixt is created Pope Frauncis Sforce reentreth vppon the Duchie of Myllan Vvarre is made in Tuskane by Ranso de Cero Fol. 777. Pope Adrian comes to Rome The Venetians make league vvith th Emprour The french men beseege Myllan and are constrayned to diuert from it Cardinall Medicis is created Pope King Frauncis discendeth into Italy he taketh Myllan and beseegeth Pauya Themprour sendeth out an army to succour Pauya vvhere a battell is fought and the French king taken prisoner Fol. 838. The Pope is accorded vvith th Emprour Many practises are made for the kings deliuerie Ierom Moron conspireth against the Emprour The fr. king is deliuered out of prison returneth into Fraunce Fol. 9004. The Pope the french king Venetians and Duke of Myllan dravve into league against th Emprour The Duke of Burbon comes co Myllan The army of the league breakes vp from before Myllan The castell of Myllan is rendred to th Imperialls Many enterprises are dressed against the Pope The confederats sende their armies by sea to Genes Rome is surprised by the Colonnois The Pope makes peace vvith th Imperialls vvhich hurteth the deuises of Lombardye The D. of Ferrara is confederat vvith the Emprour Fol. 967. The Duke of Burbon yssueth of Myllan The Viceroy and the Colonnois make vvarre vpon the Pope in the states of the Church The Marquis of Salussa entreth Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdom of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope being abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith the Imperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of England against th Emprour The confederats doe many enterprises Fol. 1034. Lavvtrech beseegeth Naples In the meane vvhile Anth. de Leua taketh Pauya and beseegeth Loda Andre Dore leaueth the pay of the French Lavvtrech dyeth The french breake vp from before Naples Monsr Saint Pol reconquereth Pauya Andre Dore taketh Genovvay The Genovvaies take Sauona and put themselues in libertie Saint Pol is taken by Anth. de Leua Th Emprour falleth to accord vvith the Pope Peace is made at Cambray betvvene the Emprour and French king The Emprour passeth into Italy vvhere the vvarre goeth against the Florentyns and peace is solicited vvith all others Fol. 1103. The Emprour taketh th Imperiall crovvne at Bolognia and from thence passeth into Germany The famulies of Medicis by the ayde of th Emprours army returne to Florence Ferdinand is chosen king of Romaines The Pope vvill not barken to a counsell The French king stirreth vp the Turke against th Emprour hath conference vvith the Pope at Marseilles Fol. 1163. The ende of the contents of the bookes THE ARGVMENT OF THE FIRST BOOKE LODOWYK SFORCE vncle and tutor to Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan fearing least Ferdinand King of Naples would make warre vpon him breaketh of from the league that had bene renewed betwene the sayd Ferdinand Iohn Galeas and the common weale of Florence against the Venetians he procureth the French King Charles the viij to passe into Italy to conquer the kingdom of Naples Pope Alexander the vj. allieth himselfe with the King of Naples The French King hauing ordered th' affayres of the kingdom descendeth into Italy where he taketh many townes Diuerse emotion happen in the kingdom of Naples The Pope is in great perplexitie and trauell Pisa rebelleth against the Florentines The French King entreth into Florence and Rome and from thence passeth to Naples THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE historie and discoursse of Guicciardin HAVING in hand to write the affaires fortunes of Italie I iudged it cōuenient to drawe into discoursse those particularities that most nearest resemble our time and memorie yea euen since the selfe princes of that country calling in the armies of Fraunce gaue the first beginning to so great innouations A matter for the varietie greatnes and nature of suche thinges verie notable and well worthie of memorie and for the heauie accidents hatefull bluddie and horrible for that Italie for many yeres was trauelled with all those sortes of calamities with the which principalities countries and mortall men are wont to bee afflicted aswell by the iuste wroth and hand of God as through the impietie and wickednes of other nations The knowledge of these things so great and diuerse may minister many wholsome instructions aswell to all men generally as to euery one in particular considering that by the trial consent demonstration of so many examples all princes people and patrimonies may see as a sea driuen with diuerse windes to what inconstancie humane things are ordeined how harmefull are the ill measured counsells of princes many times preiudiciall to them selues but alwayes hurtefull to their people and subiects specially when they are vainelie caried awaye either with their singular errours or priuate couetousnes without hauing any impression or remembrance of the ordinary chaunges of fortune whereby turning to the domage and displeasure of others the power which is giuen them for the safetie protection pollicie of the whole they make them selues either by want of discression or too much ambition authours of innouations and new troubles But the better to make knowen the state and condition of Italie at that time together with the occasions of so many afflictions happening it is to be considered that
could suffer no delay of action went out and sette vppon them at the village of Paterna where they were constrayned to retyre within the towne with the losse of more then three hundred men Conquest draweth with it ambicion insolencies and couetousnes And with men of warre triumphing in the victorie all things seeme to hold of equitie that they do in their rage and couetousnes for the Svvyzzers remeyning alone in the Duchie of Myllan and Pyemont deuised how to taxe and rate the whole contrey being now wholly assured of the french men And albeit the french king for the great affection he bare to the Duchie of Myllan was hardly brought to abandon altogether the affayres of Italy yet necessitie compelled him to harken to the councells of such as aduised him to deferre those deuises to an other tyme and dispose his witts for that sommer to defende the Realme of Fraunce The rather for that the king of England according to the contract made with the king Catholike had sent by sea an armye of six thowsand footemen to Fontarabio A towne of the kingdome of Spayne standing vppon the Occean sea the chiefe ende of this iorney was that ioyning to the companies of the sayd king Catholike they might in one mayne force assayle the Duchie of Guihen he beganne also with an other nauie to skower all alonge the coasts of Normandye and Brittaine to the great astonishment of the peoples of those prouinces Moreouer the french king had no hope to drawe agayne Caesar into amitie with him for that he vnderstoode by the Bishop of Marseilles his last Embassador resident in his Court that he bare a minde farre estraunged he aduertised him also that Caesar had not enterteyned him with so many hopes nor for other regarde debated with him vppon so many matters with so fayre apparance then to wynne occasion to oppresse him when he thought least of it or at least to gyue him as it were some violent and deadely blowe as he gloried that he had done at such tyme as he reuoked the launceknightes Thus Italy being for this yeare assured from the armies of the french king whose souldiours notwithstanding helde as yet Bressia Crema Leguague the castell and lanterne of Genes the castell of Myllan the castell of Cremona with certeine other fortresses of that estate There were discerned amongest the confederats many signes of difference and disagreement for the diuersitie of their wills and their endes for as the Venetians desired to recouer Bressia and Crema as due to them by the articles of capitulacion for that they had borne out the daungers troubles of the warre A matter which the Pope desired likewise for them So on the other side Caesar from whose will the king of Aragon at last could not be seperat thought to appropriate them to him selfe and also to depriue the Venetians of all that had bene iudged to them by the league of Cambray Besides Caesar and the king of Aragon practised but very secretly to make to diuolue the Duchie of Myllan to one of their Nephewes A working quite contrary to the Pope and the Svvyzzers who labored apparantly as much as they could that according to the vniuersall resolucion and consent from the beginning Maxymylian sonne to Lodovvyk Sforce might be restored to the place of his father after whose fall he had remeyned alwayes in Germanye The matter that moued the Pope was a feare he had least Italy shoulde fall into a miserable seruitude of the Almaines and Spanyards And that which induced the Svvyzzers was a desire for their owne profit that that estate shoulde not bee brought into the power of so mightie Princes but rather to stande subiected to one that could not menteyne him selfe without their ayde and succours Which election as it depended almost wholly vppon those in whose power was that estate and for the feare of their forces so the Pope the more to confirme them in that wil and in all necessities to haue in his hande the bridle with the which he might moderate thambicion of Caesar and the kinge Catholike did all that he could to winne their amitie And for that cause besides the great account he made publikely of the nation of Svvyzzers raysing to the starres the actions they had done for the sauetie of the sea Apostolike he gaue them yet for their greater honor the banners of the Church with this glorious title to bee the Champions and defenders of the Ecclesiastike libertie Besides these diuersities the Viceroy had readdressed the spanish companies which after the battell were retyred with him into the kingdom of Naples And beginning eftsoones to march and to passe with them into Lombardye the Pope and the Venetians refused to recontinue the payes of forty thowsand duckats by the moneth which had bene discontinued since the ouerthrowe Their reason was that seeing the frenche armie was chassed home they stoode no more subiect to suche bonde for that it was to ceasse by the articles of the confederacion when soeuer the frenche were expulsed out of Italy Whereunto was replyed on the behalfe of the King of Aragon that it could not bee sayde that the Frenche King was dryuen out of Italy so long as Bressia Crema with other many stronge places stoode at his deuocion Moreouer the Kinge of Aragon together with Caesar complayned in that the Pope did appropriat to him selfe the profitts of the victorie that was common to them both And vsurped that which manifestly apperteyned to an other making him selfe Lorde vnder cooller of certeine reasons subborned or at least so olde and withered that their force was gonne vppon Parma and Plaisance cities which the Lordes of Myllan had holden so long tyme as freeholders of thEmpire The diuersitie was also expressed for matters that concerned the Duke of Ferrara for as the Pope on the one side nourished his auncient couetousnes to vsurpe that Dukedom so on the other side the king of Aragon who desired to preserue protect him stoode yet discontented with the iniurie that was offered to haue staied him at Rome contrary to the law of faith safeconduit giuen for these reasons the Pope deferred to vexe Ferrara exspecting perhaps the yssue of affayres of farre greater importance whereof Caesar not thinking good that any resolucion were made without him dispatched into Italy the Bishop of Gurcy whom he had appoynted to that expedicion euer since after the battell of Rauenna there was negociacion of peace betweene the Pope and the French king he appoynted to sende him then for the feare he had least they compownded amongest them selues without respecting him and his affayres but the mutacion of thinges hapning afterwards he still continued his deuise to sende him In like sorte fell into consideracion the affayres of the Florentyns who beeing filled full of suspicion began now to feele the frutes of the newtralitie which vndiscrâ—etely they had vsed finding with all that it was not sufficient to beare themselues vpon the
for his proper interestes labored to exclude them out of the league wherein he sayde his Embassadors had behaued themselues vndiscretly who not consenting for that they knewe suche was his intention that he was named in the head of the confederation had suffred him to be expressed in that article wherein euery one named the confederates of which the Venetians were not Moreouer that in those negociations and practises the Venetians had not aunswered thopinion that men had of their wisedome and discression holding such an estimation and accompt of Vincensa that the feare to loase it hath kept them from deliuering them selues from the trauells of the warre That it was impossible to him to nourishe the armie he had in Italie without the payes and contributions that were promised and muche lesse reasonable to susteine the whole warre vpon the confines of his realmes A matter which he knewe all the residue did desire and procure That the Pope coulde no more dissemble his desire and intention to take from him the kingdome of Naples And yet notwithstanding neyther these present iniuries nor the consideration of other wrongs could euer moue him to haue a thought to abandon the Churche and the other estates of Italie so farre foorth as he might finde in them a reasonable correspondencie to contract and capitulate with him for their common defence A matter which he hoped they would be moued vnto the rather by thopportunitie and meane of this truce He caused to expresse in the instrument of the truce the names of Caesar and the king of Englande notwithstanding he had nothing cōmunicated with them therfore it was a thing very scornefull ridiculous that at the same time that the truce was solemnly published through all partes and regions of Spayne A Heralt arriued euen in the action from the king of Englande to signifie to him the strong preparations and furnitures of warre which he leauyed to inuade Fraunce soliciting that he would likewise enter into the warre agaynst the king on the coasts of Spayne according to the articles and promises reciprocally passed betweene them The truce made in this maner amazed much in Italie the mindes of suche as had any discontentment with the rule or iurisdiction of the French men euery one holding it almost for certaine that the French king woulde not be long ere he sent an army on this side the Mountes and also that by the obstinacie of Caesar touching the conditions of the peace the Venetians would ioyne with him agaynst whom it seemed a very hard matter to be hable to resist for that the Spanish army had nowe no more meane to be enterteined notwithstāding they had at times drawē some sums of money out of thestate of Millan which stoode greatly impouerished with continuall expenses Touching the new Pope men could not discerne what was his intention he seemed to wish secretly that the power of the French king should haue his ends limites within the Alpes and yet being newly ascended to the Popedom and no lesse confused then the others for the truce that was made by the king Catholike in a time when men had greatest exspectation that he woulde applye his thoughts to the warre he was in great doubt and variation of mind Besides he was angry for that demaunding with great instance the restitution of Parma Placentia to the church he found a readynes of hope promise but very slow dispositions to execute performe all the others desiring to preserue them to the duchy of Millan happly hoping that his desire to recouer them would induce him to the defence of that state The Svvizzers seemed to be a more certayne and a more mightie defence succour but because the summes of money which according to the couenantes were necessary to wage leauie them could not be aduaunced neither by Maximilian Sforce nor the residue there was great feare that in greatest necessitie that nation would not refuse to discende to the reskew of Millan On the other side the French king after he had finished the truce determined to sende an army into Italie the reasons affore recited giuing him great hope of the victorie To those reasons also he added the propertie of his owne iudgement vppon the people of Millan who vexed with so many taxes and imposts of the Svvizzers and no lesse troubled with the harboring payes made to the Spaniards he knew had an vniuersall desire to returne eftsones vnder his obedience he gathered by generall argument that hauing nowe compared the heauy yoke of others with the easie impery of the French the seueritie of the one woulde make the other lesse contemnible And particularly he vnderstoode by many gentlemen some relating to him selfe and some enterteyning intelligence with Triuulce whome the king had sent to Lyon the better to debate with them of Millan that he was not to deferre to sende an armie hauing their promise to take armes and be his assoone as his armie were passed the Mountes To these furtherances the king wanted no sort of continuall perswasions aswell of Triuulce as of others that were banished who according to such as be depriued of the liberty of their naturall contrey omitted no reasons which might make thenterprise seeme easy specially the Venetians beeing brought to ioyne with him in the action But the matter that enforced the king to make haste was the confidence he had to preuent with the ende of that expedition the beginning of a warre which the king of England ment to make vpon him which yet he could not begin till after certayne monethes both for that that kingdome hauing liued many yeres in peace was vpon the sodein disfurnished of armes and armor of artilleries almost of all other necessary hablementes of warre and also in great want of horses of seruice for that to the inhabitantes of those regions the seruice on foote is more familiar then to make warre on horsbacke and also the footemen lacking training experience the king of England was constrained for the better strength habilitie of his army to leauye a great number of Almain footemen Matters which could not be dispatched without great tract of time The french king in like sort made more hast to haue his army to march for that he feared the castles peces that held for him would be lost for want of vittels but specially the lanterne of Genes whiche not many dayes before had missed to releeue with vittells a shippe sent for that effect which from Arbinga being thither accompanied with three ships one galeon being entred the mayne sea with a good wind had by a strainable gale passed thorow the middest of the Genovvaies flete cōming neare the castell of the Lanterne she cast anker and throwing yet with good successe her cables to those of the castell she began to vnlade her vittels and munitions whiche she had brought But euen in the action and before the desolate soules of the Castels coulde
dangerous warres wherof I wil make present discourse both for the same reasōs with the same shortnes that I haue touched thē in the narration of the yere before The beginning of these preparations and stirres grew vppon a resolution which the king of Englande made to inuade that sommer the Realme of Fraunce with a mayne army both by sea and lande And to make the victorie of this enterprise more easie he had agreed with Caesar to furnishe him of an hundred and twentie thousande duckets to make an entrie at the same tyme into Burgondy with an army of three thousande horsemen and eight thousande footmen parte Svvizzers and parte Almains He promised also to the Svvizzers a certayne proportion of money the rather to induce them to ioyne in the action with Caesar who was contented to put into their hands in pawne one parte of Burgondy vntill he had fully satisfied them of their payes Lastely also the king of Englande occupied this perswasion that his father in lawe the king Catholike cleauing to the confederation of Caesar and him which he had alwayes protested and assured would open the warre on his side at the same instante By reason whereof the reapporte of the truce made by thenglishe with the Frenche king and yet for all that the desire to make warre was nothing diminished was so yll brooked not onely by him but by all sortes of states and peoples in Englande that the Commons had done violent execution vpon the Spanishe Embassador if the kings authoritie had not resisted their furie To these things were added thoportunitie of thestate of tharchduke not so muche that he letted not his subiectes to take paye agaynst the Frenchemen as for that he promised to giue sufferaunce and passage of vittayles out of his countreys into thenglishe armie It behoued the French king to omit no sortes of prouisions agaynst so great preparations and daungerous threatning By sea he furnished a strong nauy to encounter thadmirall of Englande and by lande he leauyed men from all partes laboring specially to haue as great a strength of launceknightes as he coulde He had also affore made great instance to the Svvizzers that since they refused to ayde him in the warres of Italie at leaste that they woulde so farre fauour him as to delyuer him a proportion of footemen to helpe to defende the Crowne of Fraunce But they beeing wholly resolued to protect and assure the Duchie of Millan refused in any wyse to minister to him vnlesse he woulde eftsoones returne to the vnitie of the Churche and giue vp the Castell of Millan which was not yet rendred and also cancelling his rights interests to that estate he would promise no more to molest neither Millan not Genes Limitations no lesse vnprofitable to the French king then contrary to his honour and preiudiciall to the soueraigne dignitie of the crowne of Fraunce Likewise the French king the more to terrifie thenglish make them more intangled with their owne affayres had called into Fraunce the duke of Suffolke as Competitor and aspirant to the Crowne of Englande A deuise little helping the purposes of Fraunce and of great daunger to the race and progenie of the Duke for that in reuenge of their dealing the king of Englande by ordinarie course of the iustice of his Realme cutte off the head of his brother who tyll then had bene holden prisoner in Englande since the tyme that Phillip king of Castillo sayling into Spayne deliuered him into the handes of the king his father The French king also was not without hope to haue peace with the king Catholike for that when the king Catholike vnderstoode of the league made betwene the French and the Venetians he began to distrust muche of the defence of the duchie of Millan and sent into Fraunce one of his secretaries to practise newe offers And it was beleued that considering howmuch the greatnes of Caesar and the archduke might alter his gouernment of Castillo he could not in good pollicy stand well contented with thembasing of the realme of Fraunce Besides all these omitting no oportunities wherein occasion might be taken the french king forgat not in these actiōs to stirre vp Iames the king of Skottes his auncient confederate to th ende that he opening the warre vpon the frontiers of Englande he might with more facilitie make defence against so many mightie inuasions The Skottish king was moued to this warre by the consideration of his proper interests for that the aduersities of Fraunce could not but be daungerous to the crowne of Skotland in which regard ioyned to the respect of confederation he prepared him selfe to the action with all diligence demaunding of the Frenche king no other ayde then fiftie thousande frankes to leauye munitions and vittels Neuerthelesse the Frenche king was very slowe in gathering together his forces and prouisions bothe for that he had turned all his thoughtes to thenterprise of Millan and reaposed not a litle in the truce made with the king Catholike Lastly his accustomed negligence was no litle impediment to the expedition of his busines A vice most hurtfull to th affayres of Princes to whom is seldome seene to returne theffect or sruite of their exspectation when they stande to temporise vpon euery new occasion after the resolution is set downe and things referred to action And touching the king of England he cōsumed many monthes in measuring his proportions in leauying his prouisions in rating the state maner of his payes and in distinguishing the sortes of his souldiors and their fashions of armor weapons for that his subiectes hauing bene many yeeres without warres and no lesse chaunged the maner of warfaring both their bowes and their other vsual natures of armes being become vnprofitable he was constrayned to make great prouision of forreine armors artilleries and munitions and by the same necessitie to leauye as souldiors trayned many bands of launceknights horsmen the ancient custome of the English being to fight on foote for these impedimentes thenglish army passed not the seas soner then the moneth of Iuly And after they had for many dayes runne vp into the champayne countrey neare vnto Bolleine they went to incampe affore Torvvaine A towne standing vpon the marches of Pikardy in the region of those peoples whō the Latins call Morini The person of the king of Englande passed the sea a litle after who had in his maine army fiue thousand horses of seruice and more then forty thousand footmen An army not more notable by the multitudes of souldiors consideration of their vallor then most glorious by the presence maiestie of their king in whose person appeared at that instant being in an age disposed and actiue al those tokens of honor magnanimitie which rising afterwards to their ful ripenes perfection by degrees of time study and experience made him the most renowmed and mightie prince that lyued in his age in all this part or circuite of the
man troubled not a litle the Pope who was so much the more aggreued against him by howe much his dissembled demonstracions had beguiled him And in that iust discontentment he was vehemently furthered by the incitacion of the Duke of Sesso and Cardinall Medicis by whose industries he was committed to the castell S. Ange and afterwards examined by Iudges delegate as guiltie in the crime of violacion of the Popes maiestie for that he had incensed the french king to inuade with hostilitie the Iland of Sicile A free hold of the sea Apostolike Wherein albeit they proceded with lenitie and fauor and after the actes of interogatories he had libertie of councell to pleade for him yet they proceeded not with the same moderacion against his goods since the same day he was apprehended the Pope sent to make seasure of all the moueables and riches that were in his house And as one conspiracie reuealeth an other so by thimprisonment of the sayd Imperialo there was discouered an other detection for the French king in Sicile for the which were executed by iustice the Count Camerato the maister of the ports and the Treasorer The veritie consideracion of these matters insinuated in the Pope a great displeasure against the French king in which ill disposed inclinacion he began to consult more and more with Cardinall Medicis And lastly the rumor of the discending of the french armies redoubling daily the Pope published manifestly his intencion to oppose against them for which cause he summoned the assembly of the Cardinalls to whom after his accustomed protestacions of the present feares and daungers of the great Turke he declared that as onely the French king was the cause why so great perills were not remoued from Christendom for that he refused with great obstinacy to consent to the peace that was negociated So seeing it apperteyned to him as the Viccaire of Iesus Christ and successor to Peter to be carefull ouer the preseruacion of Christian peace he was compelled by that zeale which he oweth to their vniuersall safetie to confederat him selfe with such Princes as did what they could to defend Italy from troubles for that of the quiet or trouble of that region depended the tranquillitie or vexacion of the whole Christian parte of the worlde According to this declaracion concurring with the industrie of the Viceroy of Naples beeing come to Rome for that purpose a league was concluded for the defence of Italie the thirde daye of August betweene the Pope themperour the king of Englande tharchduke of Austria the Duke of Millan the Genovvaies and the Cardinal Medicis and thestate of Florence ioyntly The publication bare also that it should continue all the time of the confederates lyues and a yere after the death of euery of them There was reseruacion of place and tyme for any other to come in so that the Pope themprour and the king of Englande thought good with this prouision that in matters of quarrell and controuersie they should vse iustice and not armes That they shoulde erect an armie to be opposed agaynst whom so euer would inuade any of the confederates to which armie the Pope shoulde sende two hundred men at armes themperour eight hundred the Florentins two hundred the Duke of Millan two hundred and two hundred light horsemen That the Pope the Emprour and the Duke of Millan should make all the prouisions of artilleries municions together with al exspences and charges apperteining That to leauy the bands of footmen necessary for tharmy to furnish al other exspences requisite for the warre the Pope should pay euery moneth xx thousand duckets the duke of Millan as much the Florētins the like summe That the Emperour should pay xxx thousand the Genovvaies Lucquois and Siennois together ten thousand and the Genovvaies notwithstanding to remaine bound to the army by sea and other defraimentes necessary for their defence To this contribucion they should be all bounde for three monethes and so muche tyme ouer the three monethes as should be set downe by the Pope themprour and the king of Englande That it should be in the power of the Pope and themprour to name the capteine generall of the whole warre who it was sayde should fall vppon the person of the Viceroy of Naples for whom the Cardinall Medicis whose authoritie was great with thimperialls labored what he coulde chiefly for the hatred he bare to Prosper Colonno The Marquis of Mantua was ioyned to this confederacion by an indirect meane for that the Pope and the Florentins interteyned him for their Capteine generall at their common pay But neither the league made by the Venetians with themperour nor the vnion of so many great Princes contracted with so ample contribucions and great prouisions could alter the resolucion of the French king who being come to Lyons prepared to passe in person with a strong army into Italie where the brute of his comming was no sooner spred then newe tumultes began to appeare for Lionell the brother of Albert Pio recouered by surprise the towne of Carpy being negligently garded by Iohn Coscia whom Prosper had created gouernor there which he might do of good authoritie for that thempror had giuen that towne to him after he had deposed Albert for his offence of rebellion to thempire But in the duchie of Millan there was like to haue chaunced a greater accident both more terrible for the property for the person of greater preiudice This is the discourse of it Frauncis Sforce riding frō Monce to Millan vpon a litle Mulet causing the horsemen that were for his gard to ride farre frō him to auoyd the trouble of the dust that in sommer time the traine of horses makes to rise in great abundance through all the playnes of Lombardie Boniface Visconto a yong gentleman better knowne by the noblenes of his house then for his wealth estates or other condicions offred him selfe onely to accompany the Duke being well mounted vpon a Turkishe horse and as they came riding together vpon a particion of a way Boniface being somewhat slipt behind obseruing the oportunitie of the place and the distance of the Dukes trayne spurred his horse and ranne in a mayne race with his dagger drawne to strike the Duke on the head But what with the feare of the Mulet shrinking with the noyse of his horse and the fiercenesse of his horse whom he could not stoppe together with the difference of the height of his horse from the Dukes mulet the blowe that he made at the Dukes head swarued and fell vppon his shoulders and afterwardes drawing his sworde to accomplishe the execution the same impedimentes made it vayne or at least the hurt was light beeing but a blowe slentwise By this tyme manye of the horsemen making in to the Dukes reskewe he fell to flying hoping to shake off by hys fortune the daunger that by his vallour he was falne into Many of the horsemen of the Dukes garde had him
to his doings being besides prowd of minde of wit deceitfull of nature malicious of councell and action without sincerity and so singuler in his owne weening that oftentimes he hath bene heard saye that he was more worthye to haue Spayne for his contry then Italy His death as it kindled a great confusion in the whole armie with whome he stoode inno litle grace and reputacion so also by his death the contrary side tooke occasion to hope that easily they might be able to bringe all the souldiers to ruine and oppression since there was taken from them a Capteine of so great authoritie and vallour And by this occasion like as with the Pope were more vehement and importunate the instances of such as solicited the proceeding of the league so also the doubtes which deteyned him in suspence were nothing lesse and that with good right since on all partes he was touched with mocions of right waighty reasons such as might suffice to hold confused and suspenced any man of right good action and councell and much more a Pope Clement to whom it was familiar to proceede alwayes in his affayres with slownes and doubt There was no further exspectacion of thEmprour for any way or deuise to assure the regions of Italy And he was manifestly discerned to solicite vehemently the taking of the castell of Myllan In which action was layed a foundacion to conuert many other patrimonies into apparant praye or spoyle but specially the states of the Pope who being reduced to a generall weakenes had his being planted betweene Lombardye and the Realme of Naples And if it were in thEmprours power to oppresse the Pope there was no doubt that he would not execute it either for ambicion which is almost naturally inuested in Emprours against the Popes or for his own suertie which wise men preserre affore all other regards or lastly for reuenge being drawne both to disdaine and distrust for the conspiracies which he enterteyned with the Marquis of Pisquairo And if the necessitie to prouide for this daunger was great the foundacions and hopes to doe it seemed not light for that if the remedie were not to succeede by the meane of so mighty a league and vnion it was to be thought desperate for euer The Regent of Fraunce made promisse of fiue hundred launces and to contribute for euery moneth so long as the warre should endure forty thowsand duckats with the which it was intended to wage ten thowsand Svvyzzers The Pope and the Venetians in one ioynt ayde were to leauye xviij hundred men at armes twenty thowsand footemen and two thowsand light horsemen The French men and the Venetians promised to take the sea and with a great nauie to do inuasion vppon Genes or the Realme of Naples Lastly the Lady Regent of Fraunce was bound to begin the warre immediatly with a stronge armie vppon the frontyers of Spayne to th ende to stoppe thEmprour for sending of men and money to releeue the warre in Italy ThEmprours armie that remeyned in Lombardye was not great neither for the nūbers quality of souldiers being much diminished nor for the presence of Capteines of conduct and authoritie seeing both the Marquis was dead and the Duke of Burbon the Viceroy of Naples abode as yet in Spaine They were without meane to recouer money for their payes and had no plentie of vittells to serue them for foode The generall inhabitantes there were enemies to them for the quarrell and desire of their Duke and no lesse for thintollerable exactions imposed by the souldiours both in the Citie of Millan and elsewhere The castells of Millan and Cremona helde good as yet for the Duke And lastly the Venetians gaue hope that the Duke of Ferrara would also enter into this confederacion if the Pope would accord to him Reggia which by one meanes or other he had alwayes possessed These were the hopes of the confederates which reduced to good manner of proceeding caried their manifest reasons of happie issue These were the fundacions they layed against the ambicion and puisance of thEmperour shadowed neuerthelesse vnder the cloake and liuerie to assure their proper liberties But on thother side the difficulties which they discerned rested in the suttlety and vertue of thenemies who had this by custome and propertie of condicion to temporise a long time with litle money and endure many necessities with much patience They saw the townes which thennemies held were well fortified and no lesse facilitie to reduce them to better strength with rampars other sort of fortificacion for that they were townes whose situacion was in the plaine or champion By which oportunitie they were hable to enterteine them selues together vntill there came from Germanie a sufficient succor to drawe and driue the whole warre to the fortune of a battell Moreouer they sawe that touching the souldiours of the league they could not be but bodies raw vntrained in comparison of the others resolute and nourished in so many victories Besides they wanted the conduct and presence of a Capteine generall for that in the Marquis of Mantua then Capteine of the Church they reapposed not sufficient habilitie to manage and beare out suche a charge neither could they with any suretie committe them selues to the fidelitie of the Duke of Ferrara nor the Duke of Vrbin whom they had so much offended much lesse would they rest contented with the greatnes of the Pope whom they enuied with no litle murmure and grudge of mind Lastly they were not ignorant that naturally the armes and weapons of the Church had but dull edges and cutslowly and no lesse inferior was the vallour of the Venetians of whom if either of them aparte and seuerallie were weake and feeble what opinion or exspectacion of their forces being accompanied and conioyned This was also brought into consideracion that in the armies of leagues and confederats was seldome seene a concurrancie of prouisions at conuenient time and muche lesse a correspondencie of wills and mindes for that amongest suche a diuersitie of humors which draw with them diuersities of interestes and endes are easely kindled disorders disdaines and distrusts at the least there is seldom an vniuersall readines to followe resolutely the fauor of fortune when it is offered nor a ioynt disposicion to resist with constancie those stormes and aduersities with either the disfauour of the time or malicious instrument many stirre vp in an armie But the matter that in this councell or deliberacion drewe with it a great feare and difficultie was a suspicion conceiued of the frenchemen that whensoeuer thEmperour shoulde be constrained by the necessities of this warre to offer the deliuerie of their king that nation woulde not onely abandon the league but also ioyne in ayde with the Emperour gainst the confederates And albeit the kinge of Englande gaue for them his faith and worde of a Prince that they shoulde not accorde to suche a renunciacion and that there was deuise to giue assurance
an yll counsel of the Pope wrote to him that the Viceroy reiecting all motions to truce was contented to make peace with the Pope onely or with the Pope and Venetians ioyntly so farreforth as they would make payment of money to thend to mainteine the army for assurance of the peace and afterwards to debate in the matter of the truce with the others An alteration mouing eyther by the variation or chaunge of the Viceroy or happly by the perswasions of tharchbishop as many suspected At which time Paule d'Arezze being come to themprours Court with authoritie from the Pope the Venetians and Frauncis Sforce whither also went by the motiō of the king of England for the negociation of peace the Auditor of the Chamber the rather for that before were come thither full commissions from the french king He found themprour wholy chaunged both in minde will taking the reason of his alteration vpon an aduertisement he had receiued of the army of the launceknightes and of his Nauy in Italy In so much as enforcing the fauor of that good aduauntage he fled from all the conditions that were set downe before and vrged vehemently that the French king should obserue absolutely thaccord of Madrill to haue the cause of Frauncis Sforce heard by law before Iudges assigned by himselfe Thus did both the will and intention of themprour vary according to the successe of affayres like as also his commissions which he sent to his Agentes in Italy bare alwayes by reason of the distance of the place eyther an expresse or silent condition to gouerne themselues according to the variation of times and occasions Therfore the Viceroy after he had many dayes abused the Pope with vayne practises and would not so muche as consent to a surceance of armes for a few daies till the negociation might soart to some issue brake vp from Naples the xx of December to goe into thestates of the Church In which wilfulnesse he offred many new and very straunge conditions of accorde But to returne to the laste daye of the yeare wherein the Launceknightes as we haue sayde passed the ryuer of Nure The same day also the Duke of Ferrara by the meane of his Embassador capitulated with the Viceroy and Don Hugo who had commission from themprour Neuertheles the capitulation was made with a very small liking of that Embassador for that he was almoste constrayned to consent by the threates and rude words of the Viceroy Tharticles of the capitulation were these That the duke of Ferrara should be bounde aswell in his person as in his estates to serue themprour agaynst all his enemies That he should be capteine generall for themprour in Italy with a company of an hundred men at armes and two hundred light horsemen onely he should assemble and leauy them at his owne charges and receyue agayne allowance in his accountes That he should presently receyue the towne of Carpy and the Castell of Nouy which had apperteined to Albert Pio for the dowry of themprours bastard daughter promised to his sonne onely the reuenues should be aunswered in account of the souldiors a compensation to be made vntill the consummation of the mariage And that Vespatian Colonno and the Marquis of Guast should disclayme and renounce the rightes which they pretended to them That he should pay the summe of two hundred thousand duckets when he had recouered Modena but out of that should be deducted that which he had giuen to the Viceroy since the battell of Pauia That if he did not recouer Modena all the summes of money which he had before disbursed should be eftsones repayed to him That themprour should be bound to his protection not to make peace without comprehending him and not without obteining for him of the Pope absolution of the paynes and censures which he had incurred euer since he was declared confederate to themprour And lastly that he should vse all his meanes and authoritie to the Pope to absolue him of all those penalties and transgressions which he had runne into before Thus in the ende of the yere a thousande fiue hundred and sixe twentie all things prepared and tended to a manyfest and open warre The ende of the seuenteenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE EIGHTENTH BOOKE THe Duke of Burbonissueth out of Millan The Viceroy and Colonnois make vvarre agaynst the Pope in thestate of the Churche The Marquis of Salussa entreth vvithin Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdome of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope beeing abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith thimperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of Englande is declared agaynst themprour The confederates do many enterprises THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE OF THE historie and discourse of Guicciardin NOW ensueth the yeare of our Lorde a thousande fiue hundred and seuen and twenty A yeare prepared to many harde euentes and accidentes suche as for their crueltie were full of feare and daunger and for their straungenes had no example or experience with the worldes and ages before For in the predictions of this yeare was expressed an vniuersall face of troubles and confusion of mutation of estates of captiuitie of princes of desolation of Cities of dearth of vittelles and of a generall visitation of the plague yea through all the regions and climates of Italy there was no apparance nor contemplation of other thing then of blood death famine and fleeing A condition lamentable euen to forreiners and straungers that dyd but heare of it but moste intollerable to those miserable wretches vpon whose neckes the lawe of destenie had drawne so grieuous a yoke To these calamities there was no other thing that stayed the action of beginning and execution but the difficulties whiche the Duke of Burbon founde to make the regimentes of Spanishe footemen to departe out of Millan for where he had determined that Anthony de Leua shoulde abide there for the defence of the whole Duchie and reteyne with him all those bands of Launceknightes which were there before for whose enterteinmentes and payes were consumed bothe all the moneyes exacted at tymes vppon the Millannois and also suche other summes as were leauyed by the billes of exchaunge which the Duke of Burbon brought from Spayne And where he had also appoynted to remayne with the sayd Leua for the seruice of the Duchie a strength of twelue hundred footemen Spaniardes together with some bandes of Italian footemen vnder the leading of Lodovvike Belliense and other commaunders So likewise by their example all the other bandes and regimentes of souldiors for that they had in pray the houses the wyues and daughters of thinhabitantes of Millan were not discontented to liue still in that estate of licentious libertie But for that both for the necessitie of the present seruice and regarde of their proper honor and lastely for the awe and authoritie of the Duke of Burbon they
proppertie of wisedom in parents to finde out the disposition of their children 52. A thing very daūgerous for men to gouerne by examples if there be not c. 52. A resolut part of a Councellor 59. All things earthly are subiect to their seasons of reuolucion and in mortal felicities can be no assurance nor perpetuity 88 Armes do litle aduaunce where policy is not concurrant and victorie bringeth a very short glory where the gouernment is vnperfect 88. Attēpt vpon the towne of Nouaro 96. Army of the confederats 99. Alfonso king of Aragon dyeth 115. A voyce mistaken defeateth an enterprise 135. An errour familiar with Princes ambicious to measure the euēt of things more by c. 189. Aluiano taketh Bybienna 201. After the seedes of aduersitie be sowen there is no longe exspectacion for the frutes c. 229. A weake surety whose fundatiō is builded vpon the blood of innocents a lamentable example to purge surmised suspicion by vnlawful murder 255. All violent attemptes being set foorth without councell at the beginning seeme mightie but c. 265. Accord betwene the frenche king and the Florentins 265. Aretza rebelleth against the Florentins in fauor of Peter de Medicis 267. Amongst vertuous men reconciliacion hath this propertie to knitte with greater suretie of faith constancy the harts that haue liued in seperacion 280. Anthony de Leua 287. Ambicion hath infinite operacions in this it abuseth the imaginations of men that c. 304. Aluiano being sent to succour Friull giueth the ouerthrow to thAlmains 399. Aluiano taken prisoner 422. Ambicion is a busie humor for that in whom it ruleth it maketh thē hard to be contented with thinges which they haue c. 476. An accidēt which made the Cardinals depart from Pisa 555. Army of the confederats 578. Actions of the Pope 676. Army of the league passeth the riuer of Paw 802. Alexandria taken by thimperialls 825. Army of the league before Millan 989 Army of the league come before Millan the second time 1002. A wicked act 1076. Alexandria taken 1078. Accord betwene the Pope themperours Agents 1085. Anthony de Leua recouereth Pauia 1110 Andrewe Dore leaueth the pay of the french 1117. B Beginning of the warre 36. Beginning of the warres of Pisa 72. Battell of Taro. 102. Beginning of warres in Naples vnder king Lewys the xij 267. Bart. Aluiano commeth to the succors of Consaluo 323. Bressia taken and sacked 574. Bressia rendered by the frenche to the Viceroy 619. Bishop of Gurcy at Rome 620. Bart. Aluiano Capteine generall of the Venetians 641. Bart. Aluiano taketh Pesquiero and other places 641. Battell of Marignan 703. Beginnings of new troubles 729. Battell of Pauya wherein the Frenche king is taken prisoner 902. Barbarousse at Thunis 1183. C Creacion of Pope Alexander 4. Corrupcion of Cardinals in thelection of the Pope Ibid. Confederacion betwene the Pope the Venetians and Duke of Myllan 11. Confederacion betweene the kinge of Fraunce and Lod. Sforce 19. Confederacion betwene the Pope and Alfonso king of Naples 28. Coniectures against the suttleties of Lod. Sforce 39. Cardinall S. Petri ad vincla giues a new life to the expedicion of Naples 41. The Collonnoys for the French k. 46. Cardinal S. P. ad vincla perswadeth the Pysans not to reuolt 56. Capitulacions betweene the French k. and the Florentyns 59. Capitulacions betweene the Pope and French king 63. Cardinal Valence the Popes sonne 64. Complaintes of the Pysans before the French king 74. Confederat league against the French king 87. Citie of Naples riseth to let in Ferdinand 112. Capitulacions betweene the Frenche king and the Florentyns 118. Couenants betwene Ferdinand king of Naples and the Venetians 146. Camylla Vrsin slayne 154. Consaluo surpriseth the French. 156. Caesar sendeth Embassadors to Florence 164. Caesar is comen to Pisa 167. Caesar marcheth to Lyuorna Ibid. Caesar leauieth his campe from Lyuorna 168. Caesar excuseth his suddeine departure 168. Caesar stealeth in hast into Germany 169. Capitulacions betweene the Pope and the Vrsins 172. Consaluo entreth Rome Ibid. Cardinal Valēce killeth his brother the d. of Cādia being both the Popes sōns 179 Castell of Genes rendred to the Duke of Myllan 181. Cardinall of Valence the Popes sonne renownceth his profession 203. Cardinal of Valence made Duke of Valentynois 204. Councell of Melchior Treuisan 209. Conclusion of the league betwene the French king and Venice 213. Count Caiezza leaueth the Duke of Millan 226. Cardinall Askanius leaueth Myllan abandoned 242. Cardinal Askanius betraied takē Ibid Cardinall Askanius deliuered ouer to the French men Ibid. Councell of S. Gregorie against ambicion 249. The chaunces in warre are diuerse and haue in them many hiddē fortunes which neither the wisedom of c. 253. Capitulacions betwene the D. Valentynois and Florentyns 256. Computacion of the French army 257 Consaluo retyreth to Barletto 274. Confederaciō against Valentynois 278 Capitulacions betwene the Vrsins and D. Valentynois 280. Cardinall Vrsin made prisoner 283. Combat betwene twelue French men against twelue Italyans 289. Consaluo in Naples 297. Castells of Naples takē by the spanish 300. Cardinall Amboise aspyreth to the Popedom 311. Cardinal S. Petri ad vincla made Pope 314. Complaints of the French. 331. Consaluo deserueth the title of greate Capteine 324. Confederaciō betwene the Pope king of Romains and the French king against the Venetians 338. Consaluo aydeth the Florentyns 346. Capitulacions betwene Ferdinand and Phillip 355. The condicion of imperie and dignitie is ielous 356. Continuance of the historye of Iulio d'Este 364. Citie of Genes rebelleth 365. Contents of the French army 372. Continuaciō of the warres of Pisa 412. Contract betweene the French kinge king of Spaine and the Florentyns 413. Conuencion betweene Caesar and the French king 477. Chaumont beseegeth the Pope within Bolognia 496. Chaumont retyreth from before Bolognia 499. Contencion betwene the Florentins rebellious Cardinalls 553. Coūcel of Pisa trāsferred to Millā 555. Confederats at the succors of Rauenna 582. The Confederats army 585. Cardinalls councel the Pope to harken to peace 590. Cardinal de Medicis escapeth from the French. 600. Conquest draweth with it ambiciō insolencie and couetousnes with c. 605 Castell of Genes taken by the Genowaies 619. Creacion of Pope Leo the tenth 633. Coronacion of the Pope 634. Capteine Martines words to the Swizzers 644. Cardinal of Syō perswadeth the Swizzers in an oracion 700. Capitulacions betweene the Frenche king and king Catholike 725. Confederacion betwene the Pope and French king 735. Charles the v. chosen Emprour 768. Commocions in Spayne 775. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour against the French king 781. Capteines of the league take councell together 790. Castel of Myllan rendred by the french 842. Cardinall Voltero prisoner 852. Confederacion betwene the emprour the king of England the Duke of Burbon 855. Cardinall Medicis is created Pope and taketh the name of Clement the vij 866. Claime of the kings of England to