four_o sole_a emperor_n of_o the_o west_n by_o the_o death_n of_o philip_n otho_n the_o four_o remain_v sole_a emperor_n from_o christ_n 1208._o from_o the_o precedent_a age_n peter_n valdo_n of_o lion_n abandon_v his_o wealth_n have_v preach_v against_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o clergy_n chief_o against_o that_o of_o rome_n they_o call_v his_o disciple_n vaudois_n the_o poor_a beggar_n of_o vaudois_n the_o vaudois_n limb_n they_o hold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o berengarius_fw-la in_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o eucharist_n as_o also_o peter_n de_fw-fr brus_n and_o henry_n his_o companion_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o disciple_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o be_v call_v albegois_n because_o albegois_n the_o albegois_n their_o doctrine_n have_v be_v first_o of_o all_o receive_v in_o the_o diocese_n of_o albi_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v spread_v all_o over_o languedoc_n from_o christ_n 1209._o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v they_o and_o publish_v a_o croyzade_n against_o they_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o croyzader_n under_o the_o montfort_n the_o croyzader_n oppose_v they_o simon_n grant_v of_o montfort_n command_n of_o simon_n count_n of_o monfort_n make_v a_o horrible_a slaughter_n of_o those_o poor_a people_n peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n there_o lose_v his_o life_n with_o the_o army_n he_o have_v bring_v to_o their_o assistance_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o cousin_n raymond_n berenger_n count_n of_o tholouze_n who_o have_v embrace_v their_o doctrine_n from_o christ_n 1213._o pope_n innocent_n have_v crown_v the_o emperor_n otho_n at_o rome_n but_o the_o old_a quarrel_n about_o the_o investiture_n be_v revive_v between_o they_o the_o pope_n raise_v up_o enemy_n in_o all_o part_n against_o otho_n and_o abet_v the_o party_n otho_n frederic_n the_o second_o against_o otho_n of_o young_a frederic_n son_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o six_o against_o otho_n philip_n the_o second_o call_v augustus_n king_n france_n a_o war_n 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sans_o terre_n because_o he_o die_v divest_v of_o his_o kingdom_n innocent_a hold_v a_o council_n at_o latran_n where_o be_v concert_v the_o great_a number_n of_o bishop_n latran_n the_o council_n of_o latran_n have_v be_v see_v what_o relate_v to_o the_o eucharist_n they_o there_o determine_v transubstantiation_n as_o a_o point_n of_o faith_n and_o transubstantiation_n transubstantiation_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v the_o host_n in_o their_o box_n and_o to_o carry_v it_o with_o solemnity_n to_o the_o sick_a with_o ring_v a_o little_a bell._n then_o follow_v the_o necessity_n of_o auricular_a confession_n there_o they_o establish_v the_o sovereignty_n pope_n auricular_a confession_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o the_o pope_n above_o all_o degree_n of_o person_n over_o emperor_n king_n and_o other_o power_n to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o the_o pope_n shall_v think_v best_a from_o christ_n 1215._o after_o this_o manner_n 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siege_n of_o tholouze_n from_o christ_n 1218._o to_o baldwin_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n succeed_v henry_n his_o brother_n and_o to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son-in-law_n peter_n de_fw-fr courtnay_n count_n of_o auxerre_n who_o go_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o empire_n be_v stop_v in_o thessaly_n by_o alexis-comnenes_a notwithstanding_o the_o safe_a conduct_n he_o have_v give_v he_o peter_n be_v kill_v at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n imprisonment_n by_o the_o command_n of_o this_o perfidious_a grecian_a prince_n from_o christ_n 1222._o during_o the_o time_n of_o peter_n imprisonment_n jolante_n his_o wife_n govern_v at_o constantinople_n like_o a_o brave_a and_o wise_a heroine_n philip_n count_n of_o nemours_n their_o elder_a son_n refuse_v the_o empire_n and_o resign_v it_o to_o his_o young_a brother_n robert_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n call_v france_n king_n of_o france_n augustus_n for_o his_o very_a great_a quality_n die_v he_o be_v also_o call_v the_o conqueror_n have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o they_o possess_v in_o france_n lewis_n the_o eight_o his_o son_n and_o successor_n have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a rochel_n and_o avignon_n from_o the_o albigenses_n from_o christ_n 1226._o he_o reign_v but_o three_o year_n lewis_n the_o nine_o his_o elder_a son_n succeed_v he_o of_o the_o three_o young_a son_n robert_n have_v the_o county_n of_o artois_n alphonso_n poictou_n and_o charles_n that_o of_o arjou_n the_o two_o last_o take_v from_o the_o english_a from_o christ_n 1227._o to_o honoria_n the_o three_o succeed_v gregory_n frederick_n pope_n a_o quarrel_n between_o gregory_n and_o frederick_n the_o nine_o who_o fall_v out_o with_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o second_o because_o he_o have_v take_v away_o from_o one_o of_o the_o pope_n nephew_n all_o that_o the_o emperor_n philip_n have_v bestow_v on_o he_o in_o italy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n frederick_n 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of_o gift_n make_v matilda_n the_o death_n of_o the_o countess_n matilda_n by_o the_o countess_n matilda_n which_o she_o bequeath_v to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n after_o her_o death_n from_o christ_n 1117._o at_o constantinople_n the_o old_a emperor_n alexus_fw-la have_v resign_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n calo_n john_n be_v very_o much_o trouble_v at_o east_n calo_n john_n emperor_n of_o the_o east_n the_o ill_a success_n he_o have_v for_o oppose_v the_o croisader_n have_v repent_v he_o have_v invite_v they_o at_o length_n he_o die_v with_o very_o great_a grief_n from_o christ_n 1118._o henry_n pass_v a_o three_o time_n into_o italy_n to_o reduce_v gelasius_n the_o second_o who_o have_v succeed_v paschal_n upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o investiture_n the_o new_a pope_n flee_v into_o france_n in_o the_o interim_n the_o emperor_n place_v in_o the_o pope_n pope_n see_v of_o rome_n maurice_n bourdin_n archbishop_n of_o bracara_n in_o portugal_n under_o the_o name_n of_o gregory_n 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great_a division_n in_o the_o election_n between_o celestinus_fw-la and_o honorius_n the_o second_o but_o the_o last_o carry_v it_o those_o of_o his_o faction_n be_v the_o great_a person_n in_o rome_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o his_o sister_n son_n frederick_z duke_z of_o swabia_n with_o conrade_n dispute_v the_o empire_n against_o lothaire_n the_o second_o duke_n emperor_n lothaire_n the_o second_o emperor_n of_o saxe_n but_o the_o latter_a prevail_v at_o last_o from_o christ_n 1125._o william_n rufus_n son_n to_o the_o conqueror_n england_n king_n of_o england_n have_v give_v his_o daughter_n adelais_n to_o stephen_n count_n of_o boulogue_n who_o in_o she_o right_o be_v king_n of_o england_n stephen_n and_o his_o queen_n adelais_n die_v without_o issue_n robert_n the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o conqueror_n have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o by_o his_o young_a brother_n henry_n who_o assume_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n under_o this_o king_n and_o lewis_n le_fw-fr gros_n king_n arrgon_n the_o first_o war_n between_o the_o french_a and_o the_o english_a king_n of_o arrgon_n of_o france_n the_o son_n and_o successor_n to_o philip_n begin_v the_o first_o war_n between_o the_o french_a and_o english_a alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n have_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o moor_n his_o brother_n ramire_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o monastery_n and_o make_v king_n in_o his_o place_n at_o that_o time_n live_v one_o john_n of_o estampe_n who_o have_v be_v a_o soldier_n under_o charlemagne_n he_o be_v call_v johannes_n de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la because_o savoy_n john_n de_fw-fr estampe_n very_a aged_n amideus_n count_n of_o savoy_n of_o his_o extraordinary_a long_a life_n amedeus_n count_n of_o maurienna_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o savoy_n from_o the_o emperor_n hugh_n de_fw-fr paganis_fw-la first_o institute_v the_o military_a order_n of_o the_o of_o the_o knight_n templar_n templar_n the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n templar_n 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