2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Truth travayle and Neglect pure painefull most vnkinde 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Doth proue consume dismay the soule the corps the minde Edw Ingham To my deare friend by true Vertue ennobled Captaine Iohn Smith MOre then enough I cannot thee commend Whos 's both abilities and Loue doe tend So to advance the good of that Estate By English charge and Planters propagate Through heapes of painfull hazards in the first Of which that Colony thy Care hath nurst And often that effected but with ten That after thee and now three hundred men Haue faild in 'mong the Salvages who shake At bruit of Thee as Spaine at Name of Drake Which well appeares considering the while Thou governedst nor force of theirs ne guile Lessend a man of thine but since I rue In Brittish blood they deeply did imbrue Their Heathen hands And truth to say we see Our selues wee lost vntimely leaving Thee Nor yet perceiue I any got betweene Thee and thy merit which hath better beene In prayse or profit much if counted iust Free from the Weales abuse or wronged trust Some few particulars perhaps haue sped But wherein hath the publicke prospered Or is there more of those Vast Countries knowne Then by thy Labours and Relations showne First best And shall wee loue Thee now the lesse Farre be â—t fit condignely to expresse Thankes by new Charge or recompence by whom Such past good hath such future good may come David Wiffin Noble Captaine Smith my worthy Friend NOt like the Age wherein thou liu'st to lie Buried in basenesse sloth or Ribaldrie For most doe thus hast thou thy selfe applide But in faire Actions Merits height descride Which like foure Theaters to set thee forth The worlds foure Quarters testifie thy worth The last whereof America best showes Thy paines and prayse and what to thee shee owes Although thy Sommer shone on th' Elder Three In as great Deeds as great varietie For opening to Her Selfe Her Selfe in Two Of Her large Members Now Ours to our view Thereby endearing vs to thy desart That doubly dost them to our hands impart There by thy Worke Heere by thy Workes By each Maist thou Fames lasting Wreath for guerdon reach And so become in after Times t' ensue A President for others So to doe William Grent To his worthily affected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith AMongst so many that by learned skill Haue given iust prayse to thee and to thy Booke Deare friend receiue this pledge of my good will Whereon if thou with acceptation looke And thinke it worthie ranke amongst the rest Vse thy discretion I haue done my best 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Contents of the generall History divided into six Books The first Booke THE first voyage to the new World by Madock Prince of Wales The next by Haâ—no Prince of Carthage and how it was offred K. Hen. 7. by Chr. Cullumbus that vndertooke it for the Spanyards 1492. How Iohn Cabot was imployed by King Hen. the 7. and found the Continent before Cullumbus Also Sir Martin Frobisher and Sir Humphrey Gilbert ranged towards the North. And how Captaine Amidas was sent to discover the coast of Florida by Sir Water Raleigh and his associates And the Country Wingandacoa was called Virginia by Qâ—cene Elizabeth Page 1 4. Sir Richard Greenvill sent thither with 108. he left for a plantation The discovery of the Rivers Chawonok and Moratoc The trechery of their King who with eight more were slaine and they all returned to England againe the same yeare with Sir Francis Drake pag. 5 9. The Observations of Master Heriot Of their commodities victuall fruâ—ts beasts fishes and foules Their Religion and beliefe of God of the Creation of the world and man the immortalitie of the soule the subtiltie of their Priests the peoples simplicitie and desire of salvation and other Accidents pag. 9 12. Sir Rich Greenvill sent to supply them Not finding them left fiftie Their successe page 13. Master White sent to relieue them found they were all slaine yet left 115. more and departed Returning the second time he could not heare of them his Observations and Accidents pag. 14 16. A discovery by Captaine Gosnoll of Elizabeths Isles his Observations Relations and returne pag. 17.18 The voyage of Captaine Pring to the same Coast. The discovery of Captaine Waymouth his Observations Relations and returne pag. 18 20. A Map of the old Virginia with the figures of the Salvages The second Booke Of Virginia now planted discovered by Captaine SMITH THe Latitude Temperature and Capes a description of Chisapeack Bay and sâ—aven navigable Rivers that fall into it with their severall Inhabitants and diversitie of Language pag. 21 25. Of things growing Naturally as woods fruits gummes berries herbs roots also of beasts birds and fishes how they divide the yeare prepare their ground plant their corne and vse it and other victuall page 25. 29. What commodities may be had by industry The description of the people their numbers constitutions dispositions attyre buildings lodgings and gardens their vsage of children striking of fire making their Bowes and Arrowes kniues swords targets and boats how they spinne make fish-hooks and ginnes and their order of hunting Consultations and order in Warres pag. 29 33. Their musicke entertainment trade Physicke Chirurgery and Charmes Their Religion God burials ordinary and extraordinary Temples Priests Ornaments solemnities Coniurations Altars sacrifices black boyes and resurrection pag. 34 36. The manner of their government their Emperor his attendants watch treasury wiues successors authority tenure of their lands and manner of punishment with some words of their Language Englished pag. 37 40. And a Mappe of the Countrey of Virginia now planted The third Booke Of the Accidents and Proceedings of the English THeir orders of government Accidents in going first landing and governement setled pag. 41.42 The Salvages assault the Fort the ships returne their names were left occasion of sicknes plenty vnexpected the building of Iames Towne the beginning of Trade two proiects to abandon the Country pag. 43 46. Their first attempts vpon the Salvages Captaine Smith taken prisoner their order of Triumph and how he should haue beene executed was preserved saved Iames towne from being surprised how they Contured him Powhataâ— entertained him would haue slaine him how Pocahontas his daughter saved him and sent him to Iames Towne The third plot to abandon the Countrey suppressed pag. 47 49. Their first Supply and Accidents The Salvages opinion of our God Captaine Smith revisits Powhatan Iames Towne burnt A coâ—ceited gold mine A needlesse charge Captaine Newports returne for England pag 50 53. Iames Towne rebuilt with a Church and Store-house The Salvages plot to murther all the English their insolencies suppressed Different opinions among the Councell p. 53. Their names landed in this Supply p. 54. The discovery of the Bay of Chriapeack Their fight and conference with the Kuskarawaoks Ambuscadoes prevented in the river Patawomek A mine like
THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF Virginia new-New-England and the Summer Isles with the names of the Adventurers Planters and Governours from their first beginning An 1584. to this present 1624. WITH THE PROCEDINGS OF THOSE SEVERALL COLONIES and the Accidents that befell them in all their Journyes and Discoveries Also the Maps and Descriptions of all those Countryes their Commodities people Government Customes and Religion yet knowne DIVIDED INTO SIXE BOOKES By Captaine IOHN SMITH sometymes Governour in those Countryes Admirall of New England LONDON Printed by I.D. and I.H. for Michael Sparkes 1624. TO THE ILLVSTRIOVS AND MOST NOBLE PRINCESSE the Lady FRANCIS Duchesse of RICHMOND and LENOX MAy it please your Grace This History as for the raritie and varietie of the subiect so much more for the judicious Eyes it is like to vndergoe and most of all for that great Name whereof it dareth implore Protection might and ought to haue beene clad in better robes then my rude military hand can cut out in Paper Ornaments But because of the most things therein I am no Compiler by hear-say but haue beene a reall Actor I take my selfe to haue a propertie in them and therefore haue beene bold to challenge them to come vnder the reach of my owne rough Pen. That which hath beene indured and passed through with hardship and danger is thereby sweetned to the Actor when he becometh the Relator I haue deeply hazarded my selfe in doing and suffering and why should I sticke to hazard my reputation in Recording He that acteth two parts is the more borne withall if he come short or fayle in one of them Where shall we looke to finde a Iulius Caesar whose atchieuments shine as cleare in his owne Commentaries as they did in the field I confesse my hand though able to weild a weapon among the Barbarous yet well may tremble in handling a Pen among so many Indicious especially when I am so bold as to call so piercing and so glorious an Eye as your Grace to view these poore ragged lines Yet my comfort is that heretofore honorable and vertuous Ladies and comparable but amongst themselues haue offred me rescue and protection in my greatest dangers even in forraine parts I haue felt reliefe from that sex The beauteous Lady Tragabigzanda when I was a slaue to the Turkes did all she could to secure me When I overcame the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Tartaria the charitable Lady Callâ—mata supplyed my necessities In the vtmost of many extremities that blessed Pokahontas the great Kings daughter of Virginia oft saved my life When I escaped the crueltie of Pirats and most furious stormes a long time alone in a small Boat at Sea and driven ashore in France the good Lady Madam Chanoyes bountifully assisted me And so verily these my adventures haue tasted the same influence from your Gratious hand which hath given birth to the publication of this Narration If therefore your Grace shall daigne to cast your eye on this poore Booke view I pray you rather your owne Bountie without which it had dyed in the wombe then my imperfections which haue no helpe but the shrine of your glorious Name to be sheltered from censorious condemnation Vouchsafe some glimpse of your honorable aspect to accept these my labours to protect them vnder the shadow of your excellent Name which will inable them to be presented to the Kings royall Maiestie the most admired Prince Charles and the Queene of Bohemia your sweet Recommendations will make it the worthier of their good countenances And as all my endevours are their due tribute so this Page shall record to posteritie that my service shall be to pray to God that you may still continue the renowned of your sexe the most honored of men and the highly blessed of God Your Graces faithfull and devoted servant IOHN SMITH ¶ A Preface of foure Poynts THis plaine History humbly sheweth the truth that our most royall King Iames hath place and opportunitie to inlarge his ancient Dominions without wronging any which is a condition most agreeable to his most iust pious resolutions and the Prince his Highness may see where to plant new Colonies The gaining Prouinces addeth to the Kings Crown but the reducing Heathen people to ciuilitie and true Religion bringeth honour to the King of Heauen If his Princely wisedome and powerfull hand renowned through the world for admirable government please but to set these now Estates into order their composure will be singular the counsell of divers is confused the generall Stocke is consumed nothing but the touch of the Kings sacred hand can erect a Monarchy Most noble Lords and worthy Gentlemen it is your Honors that haue imployed great paines and large expence in laying the foundation of this State wherein much hath beene buried vnder ground yet some thing hath sprung vp and giuen you a taste of your adventures Let no difficulties alter your noble intentions The action is an honour to your Country and the issue may well reimburse you your summes expended Our practices haue hitherto beene but assayes and are still to be amended Let your bountie supply the necessities of weake beginnings and your excellent iudgements rectifie the proceedings the returne cannot choose in the end but bring you good Commodities and good contentments by your aduancing shipping and fishing so vsefull vnto our Nation Yee valiant and generous spirits personall possessors of these new-found Territories banish from among you Cowardise covetousnes iealousies and idlenes enemies to the raising your honours and fortunes vertue industry and amitie will make you good and great and your merits liue to ensuing Ages You that in contempt of necessities hazard your liues and estates imploying your studies labours in these faire endevours liue and prosper as I desire my soule should prosper For my selfe let emulation and enuie cease I ever intended my actions should be vpright now my care hath beene that my Relations should giue every man they concerne their due But had I not discovered and liued in the most of those parts I could not possibly haue collected the substantiall truth from such a number of variable Relations that would haue made a Volume at least of a thousand sheets Though the beginning may seeme harsh in regard of the Antiquities breuitie and names a pleasanter Discourse ensues The stile of a Souldier is not eloquent but honest and iustifiable so I desire all my friends and well-wishers to excuse and accept it and if any be so noble as to respect it he that brought New England to light though long since brought in obscuritie he is againe to be found a true servant to all good designes So I ever rest yours to command IOHN SMITH A Gentleman desirous to be vnknowne yet a great Benefactor to Virginia his loue to the Author the Company and History STay reade behold skill courage knowledge Arts Wonder of Nature Mirror of our Clime Mars Vulcan Neptune striue to haue their parts Rare Ornaments
Antimony pag. 55 58. How to deale with the Salvages Smith neare killed with a Stingray With many other Accidents in the discovery A needlesse misery at Iames towne redressed pag. 58 59. The second Voyage to discover the Bay Their Incounter with the Massawomekes and Tockwhoghs the Sasquesahanoughs offer subiectio to the English The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosâ—o Their fight with the Rapahanocks their fight with the Manahokes The King of Haslaâ—ingâ—'s brother taken prisoner his relation of those mountainers pâ—ac◠〈◊〉 with all those Nations pag. 5â—-64 The â—iscovery of the râ—ver Payankatank then sight with the Nâ—ndsamunds Chisapeacks their returne to Iames town p. 65. The Presidency surrendred to Cap. Smith The second Supply by Captaine Newport many Presents sent from England to Powhatan his scorne Consultations factions suppressed Cap. Smith visiteth Powhatan Pocahontas entertaines him with a Maske the Coronation of Powhatan and Conditions pag. 68. The discovery of the Monacans a punishment for swearing the Chickahamanians forced to Contribution the abuses of the Mariners Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco pag. 68 70. Captaine Smiths Relation to England of the estate of the Colony the names of them arrived in this Supply pag. 71.72 Nandsamund forced to Contribution The first Marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered pag. 73. Captaine Smiths iourney to Pamavnkee The discovery of the Chawwonocks Smiths discourse to Powhatan His reply and slattery and his discourse of Peace and Warre Powhatans plot to murther Smith discovered by his daughter Pocahontas pag. 77. Their escape at Pamavnkee The Dutchmen deceiue Captaine Winne and arme the Salvages sixteene English beset by seven hundred Salvages Smith takes their King Opechankanough prisoner the Salvages excuse reconcilement p. 77. 80. Master Scrivener and others drowned Master Wiffins desperate iourney to Pamavnkee Powhatan constraines his men again to be trecherous he is forced to fraught their Ship Smith poysoned the Dutch mens trechery pag. 80 82. The Dutch-mens plot to murther Smith He taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner and others they become all subiect to the English pag. 84. A Salvâ—ge smoothered yet recovered three or foure Salvages slaine in drying stolne powder Great extremity occasioned by ratts Bread made of dryed Sturgeon the punishment for loyterers the discovery of the Mangoags Captaine Argals first arrivall the inconveniences in a Plantation p. 84 89. The government altered the arrivall of the third Supply mutinies Nandsamund planted breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatans chiefe seat bought for Copper Mutinies pag. 90.91 Captaine Smith blowne vp with Gun-powder a bloudy intent the causes why he left the Country and his Commission his returne for England the ends of the Dutch-men Certaine Verses of seaven Gentlemen p 95. The fourth Booke With their Proceedings after the alteration of the Government HOw the mutiners proceeded the Salvage revolt the planting point Comfort Them at Nandsamund and the Fals defeated by the Salvages Captaine Ratliff with thirtie slaine by Powhatan The fruits of improvidence The arrivall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames Towne abandoned The arrivall of the Lord La Warre their actions and both their returnes pag. 105 108. The government left to Captaine Percie his proceedings The arrivall of Sir Thomas Dale and his actions pag. 109 110. The second arrivall of Sir Thomas Gates the building Henerico and the Bermudas how Captaine Argall tooke Pocahontas prisoner Dales voyage to Pamavnkee The marriage of Pocahontas to Master Rolfe Articles of Peace with the Salvages p. 110. 114. The government left to Sir Thomas Dale Captaine Argals voyage to port Royall Master Hamers to Powhatan and their Accidents pag. 115.116 The manner of the Lottery A Spanish Shippe in Virginia Dale with Pocahontas comes for England Capt. Yerley left Deputy Governour his warres and peace with the Chickahamanians and proceedings pag. 117 121. A relation to Queene Anne of the quality conditioÌ„ of Pocahontas how the Queen entertained her Capt. Argall sent governor the death of Powhatan ten English slaine Argals accidents and proceedings The Lord de la Warre sent againe governour his death A relation of their present estates Haile-stones 8. inches about pag. 121 125. Sir George Yerley sent gâ—vernor Waraskoyack planted A parliament in Virginia foure Corporations appointed the adventures of Cap. Ward the number of ships and men sent this yeare gifts given Patents granted pag. 125 127. A desperate Sea fight by Captaine Chester with two Spanish men of warre the names of the Adventurers pag. 128 138. Notes and observations A relation of their estates by Master Stockam The arrivall of Sir Francis Wyat with nine ships Master Gockings plantation and their accidents the number of ships and men sent this yeare gifts given Patents granted p. 139 141. Master Poties iourneyes to Pawtuxunt and other places with his accidents pag. 141. 143. Capt. Each sent to build Forts and Barks The cause and manner of the Massacre the numbers slaine the providence of Cap. Nuse Cap. Chroshaw his voyage to Patowomek pag. 143 151. Capt. Smiths offer to the Company to suppresse the Salvages Their answer the manner of the Satlery Chroshaw stayes at Patawomek the escape of Waters and his wife Cap. Hamar goes to Patawomek Chroshaws plot for all their preservations Capt. Madison sent to Patawomek Cap. Powell kils three Salvages Sir George Yerleys iourney to Acomack The misery of Captaine Nuse The kindness of the King of Patawomek a vile policy of a Salvage Madisons mischiefe vnto the Patawomeks It was not well don to make Opechankanough drinke healths 300. surpriseth Nandsamund and Pamavnkee The opinion of Cap. Smith how to subiect the Salvages The arriuall of Cap. Butler in Virginia and other Accidents pag. 152 161. The losse of Cap. Spilman and 26. men A particular of such necessaries as are fit for private persons or families pag. 161.162 A briefe relation by Cap. Smith to his Maiâ—sties Commissioners for the reformation of Virginia The 7 questions the right Worthie Commissioners demanded and his answers how the King hath pleased to take it into his consideration pag. 163 168. At this present two ships are going more a preparing new Commissions sent A Proclamation no Tobacco be vsed in EnglaÌ„d but what shall come from Virginia or the Somer Isles quere the Proclamation The fift Booke A Mappe of the Somer Isles and Fortresses The description of the Isles the fruits fishes soyle ayre beasts birds with the relation of the shipwrack of Henry May. pag. 169 173. The shipwrack of Sir Tho Gates and Sir George Somers their accidents deliveraÌ„ce and arrivall in Virginia Somers returne to the Isles his death and Epitaph the accidents hapned three men lived there alone two yeares pag. 174 177. Master More sent to make a plantation A peece of Amber Greece found of 80. pound weight much dissension Mores industrie in fortifying and waighing Ordnance out of the wraâ—ks Their first Supply a strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of 2 Spanish ships a great mortality a strange being
of Ravens a new Supply with their Accidents and Moores returne pag. 177 180. The rent of the six governours a wonderfull accident of Hilliard not much lesse then a miracle pag. 181.182 The government of Ca. Tuckar Assises the strange adventure of 5 men in a boat plants from the West Indies the endevours of Cap. Powell Assises The Country neer devoured with ratts their strange confusion The divisions of the Isles into Tribes and Tribes into shares by Mr. Norwood the names of the adventurers and their shares p. 182 189. The first Magazin two exployts of desperate fugitiues The returne of Cap. Tuckar Cap Kendall left deputy-governor their Accidents pag. 189-191 The government of Cap. Butler A platforme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano The refortifying the Kings Castle The arrivall of two Dutch Frigots The rebuilding the Mount and a Tombe for Sir George Somers The reformation of their lawes and officers Their Assises A Parliament Their acts their opinion of the Magazin The building three Bridges The generall Assises A strange deliverance of a Spanish wracke A strange Sodomy many Ordnances got from wracks Their estates present p. 191-199 Master Barnard sent to be governour his arrivall death and funerall with the proceedings of Mr. Harrison his successor Cap. Woodhouse their governor pag. 200-201 Certaine Verses of Master Withers and other Gentlemen The sixt Booke A Mappe of new-New-England How this Country hath bin accounted but a miserable Desert Captain Smiths first voyage what peace and warres he had with the Salvages and within 6. moneths returned with 1500l. worths of commodities got Prince Charles to call it new-New-England A Table of the old names and the new pag. 203 205. Cap. Hobsons voyage to Capan the Londoners apprehend it The situation notes for ignorant vndertakers The description of the Country Staple Commodities present proofe of the healthfulnesse of the clime Observations of the Hollanders chiefe trade p. 209. Examples of the altitude comparatiuely the reasons why to plant it An example of the gaines every yeare a description of 15. severall Countries in particular Of their Kings rivers harbors Isles mountains landmarks fruits woods birds fishes beasts c. and how as well Gentlemen as mecanicks may be imployed get much wealth with the reasons and causes of the defaylements p. 206 221. Cap. Smiths second voyage his ship neere foundered in the Sea He reimbarketh himselfe incountreth the English Pyrats fought with the French Pyrates is betrayed by 4. French men of warre how he was released his men ran from him with ship and all how he lived with the French men what fights they had what prizes they tooke the French mens ingratitude 13 sayle cast away how he escaped proceeded in France returned for England and punished them ran from him pag. 222 227. The yearely trialls of New-England the benefit of fishing as Mr. Dee and divers report and approoved by the Hollanders Records how it becomes so well apprehended that more then 150. haue gone thither to fish with an estimate of their gaines with many observations and Accidents pag. 228-230 A Plantation in New-England their first landing divers iourneys accidents the description of the harbors bayes lakes and that place they inhabit called New-Plimouth conference with the Salvages and kinde vsage of the King of the Massasoyts a strange policie of Tusquantum pag. 230 234. The Salvages make warres for their friendships the English revenge their friends iniuries Notes and observations They lived two yeares without Supplyes the death of Tusquantum they contriue to murther the English how the English did cure a King sicke to death two most desperate Salvages the courage of Cap. Standish the Salvages sue for peace pag. 235 239. A most remarkable observation of Gods loue 40 sayle fished thâ—re this yeare the religion of the Salvages the government an answer to obiections considerations the charge the order of the Western men p. 140 142. The effects of shipping the Popes order for the East and West Indies How to build a little navy royall contention for New-EnglaÌ„d The necessitie of martiall power p. 243-244 The charge to set forth a ship of a 100. tuns both to make a fishing voyage increase the plantation The facilitie of the fishing lately observed Their present estate at New-Plimouth and order of government It s not his part that is the best Translator To render word for word to every Author HOW ANCIENT AVTHORS REPORT THE NEVV-VVORLD Now called America was discovered and part thereof first Planted by the ENGLISH called VIRGINIA with the Accidents and Proceedings of the same ⧠The first Booke FOR the Stories of Arthur Malgo and Brandon that say a thousand yeares agoe they were in the North of America or the Fryer of Linn that by his blacke Art went to the North pole in the yeare 1360. in that I know them not Let this suffice The Chronicles of Wales report that Madock sonne to Owen Quineth Prince of Wales seeing his two brethren at debate who should inherit prepared certaine Ships with men and munition and left his Country to seeke aduentures by Sea leauing Ireland North he sayled west till he came to a Land vnknowne Returning home and relating what pleasant and fruitfull Countries he had seene without Inhabitants and for what barren ground his brethren and kindred did murther one another he provided a number of Ships and got with him such men and women as were desirous to liue in quietnesse that arriued with him in this new Land in the yeare 1170 Left many of his people there and returned for more But where this place was no History can show The Spanyards say Hanno a Prince of Carthage was the first and the next Christopher Cullumbus a Genoesian whom they sent to discover those vnknowne parts 1492. But we finde by Records Cullumbus offered his seruice in the yeare 1488. to King Henry the seauenth and by accident vndertooke it for the Spanyards In the Interim King Henry gaue a Commission to Iohn Cabot and his three sonnes Sebastian Lewis and Sautius Iohn and Sebastian well provided setting sayle ranged a great part of this vnknowne world in the yeare 1497. For though Cullumbus had found certaine Iles it was 1498. ere he saw the Continent which was a yeare after Cabot Now Americus came a long time after though the whole Continent to this day is called America after his name yet Sebastian Cabot discovered much more then them all for he sayled to about forty degrees Southward of the lyne and to sixty-seauen towards the North for which King Henry the eight Knighted him and made him grand Pilate of England Being very aged King Edward the sixt gaue him a Pention of 166l. 13â— 4d. yearely By his directions Sir Hugh Willowby was sent to finde out the Country of Russia but the next yeare he was found frozen to death in his Ship and all his Company Mr Martin Frobisher was sent in the yeare 1576. by our most gracious Queene
euer he came he would signifie by so many fires he came with so many boats that we might know his strength Their Boats are but one great tree which is but burnt in the forme of a trough with gins and fire till it be as they would haue it For an armour he would haue ingaged vs a bagge of pearle but we refused as not regarding it that wee might the better learn where it grew He was very iust of his promise for oft we trusted him and he would come within his day to keepe his word He sent vs commonly euery day a brace of Bucks Conies Hares and fish sometimes Mellons Walnuts Cucumbers Pease and diuers rootes This Author sayth their corne groweth three times in fiue moneths in May they sow in Iuly reape in Iune they sow in August reape in Iuly sow in August reape We put some of our Pease in the ground which in ten dayes were 14. ynches high The soyle is most plentifull sweete wholesome and fruitfull of all oâ—her there are about 14. seuerall sorts of sweete smelling tymber trees the most parts of the vnderwood Bayes and such like such Okes as we but far greater and better After this acquaintance my selfe with seauen more went twenty myle into the Riuer Occam that runneth toward the Cittie Skicoack and the euening following we came to an I le called Roanoak from the harbour where we entred 7. leagues at the North end was 9. houses builded with Cedar fortified round with sharpe trees and the entrance like a Turnpik When we came towards it the wife of Granganameo came running out to meete vs her husband was absent commanding her people to draw our Boat ashore for beating on the billowes other she appoynted to carry vs on their backes a land others to bring our Ores into the house for stealing When we came into the other roome for there was fiue in the house she caused vs to sit downe by a great fire after tooke off our clothes and washed them of some our stockings and some our feete in warme water and she her selfe tooke much paines to see all things well ordered and to provide vs victuall After we had thus dryed our selues she brought vs into an Inner roome where she set on the bord standing a long the house somewhat like frumentie sodden venison and rosted fish in like manner mellons raw boyled rootes and fruites of diuers kindes There drinke is commonly water boyled with Ginger sometimes with Saxefras and wholsome herbes but whilest the Crape lasteth they drinke wine More loue she could not expresse to entertaine vs they care but onely to defend themselues from the short winter and feede on what they finde naturall in sommer In this feaâ—ting house was their Idoll of whom they â—ould vs vncredible things When we were at meate two or three of her men came amongst vs with their Bowes and Arrowes which caused vs to take our armes in hand She perceiuing our distrust caused their Bowes and Arrowes to be broken and they beâ—ten out of the gate but the euening approaching we returned to our boate where at she much grieuing brought our supper halfe boyled pots and all but when she saw vs but put our boat a little off from the shoar and lye at Anchor perceiuing our Ielousie she sent diuers men 30. women to sit al night on the shoare side against vs and sent vs fiue Mats to couer vs from the raine doing all she could to perswade vs to her house Though there was no cause of doubt we would not aduenture for on our safety depended the voyage but a more kinde louing people cannot be Beyond this I le is the maine land and the great riuer Occam on which standeth a Towne called Pomeiock and six dayes higher their City Skicoak those people neuer saw it but say there fathers affirme it to be aboue two houres iourney about Into this riuer falleth an other called Cipo where is found many Mustells wherein are Pearles likewise another Riuer called Nomapona on the one side whereof standeth a great towne called Chawanock the Lord of the Country is not subiect to Wingandacoa Beyond him an other king they cal Menatonon These 3. are in league each with other Towards the south 4. dayes iourney is Sequotan the southermost part of Wingandacoa Adioyning to Secotan beginneth the country Pomouik belonging to the King called Piamacum in the Country Nusiok vpon the great riuer Neus These haue mortall warres with Wingina King of Wingandacoa Betwixt Piemacum and the Lord of Secotan a peace was concluded notwithstanding there is a mortall malice in the Secotuns because this Piemacum invited diuers men and 30. women to a feast and when they were altogether merry before their Idoll which is but a meere illusion of the Deuill they sudainly slew all the men of Secotan and kept the women for their vse Beyond Roanoak are many Isles full of fruits and other Naturall increases with many Townes a long the side of the Continent Those Iles lye 200. myles in length and betweene them and the mayne a great long sea in some places 20. 40. or 50. myles broad in other more somewhere lesse And in this sea are 100. Iles of diuers bignesses but to get into it you haue but 3. passages and they very dangerous Though this you see for most part be but the relations of Saluages because it is the first I thought it not a misâ—e to remember them as they are written by them that returned ariued in England about the middest of September the same yeare This discouery was so welcome into England that it pleased her Mâ—iestie to call this Country of Wingandacoa Virginia by which name now you are to vnderstand how it was planted disolued reuned and enlarged The Performers of this voyage were these following Philip Amadas Captaine Arthur Barlow Captaine William Grenuill Iohn Wood. Iames Browewich Henry Greene. Beniamen Wood. Simon Ferdinando Of the Companie Nicholas Peryman Of the Companie Iohn Hewes Of the Companie Sir Richard Grenuills voyage to Virginia for Sir Walter Raleigh â—â—85 THe 9. of Aprill he departed from Plimouth with 7. sayle the chiefe men with him in command were Master Ralph Layne Master Thomas Candish Master Iohn Arundel Master Stukley Master Bremige Master Vincent Master Hâ—ryot and Master Iohn Clarke The 14. day we fell with the Canaries and the 7. of May with Dominico in the West Indies we landed at Portorico after with much a doe at Izabella on the north of Hispaniola passing by many Iles. Vpon the 20. we fell with the mayne of Florida and were put in great danger vpon Cape Fear The 26. we Anchored at Wocokon where the admiral had like to beene cast away presently we sent to Wingina to Roanoak and Master Arundell went to the mayne with Manteo a saluage and that day to Crooâ—on The 11. The Generall victualed for 8. dayes with a selected company went to the
no such matter and that he would lend me mâ—n to fish and hunt He sent me word he would come himselfe to Roanock but delaying time eight dayes that all his men were there to be assembled not liking so much company I resolued the next day to goe visit him but first to giue them in the I le a Canvisado and at an instant to seaze on all their Canows about the I le But the towne tooke the Alarum before I ment it For when I sent to take the Canows he met one going from the shore ouerthrew her and cut off two Salvages heads wherevpon the cry arose being by their spyes perceiued for they kept as good watch over vs as we of them Vpon this they to their Bowes and we to our Armes three or foure of them at the first were slaine the rest fled into the woods The next morning I went to Dassamonpeack and sent Pemissapan word I was going to Croatan and tooke him in my way to complaine Osocon would haue stole my prisoner Skico Herevpon he did abide my comming being among eight of the principall est I gaue the watchword to my men and immediately they had that they purposed for vs. Himselfe being shot through with a Pistoll fell downe as dead but presently start vp and ran away from them all till an Irish Boy shot him over the buttocks where they tooke him and cut off his head Seauen dayes after Captaine Stafforton sent to me he descryed twentie-three Sayle The next day came to me himselfe of whom I must say this from the first to the last he neither spared labour or perill by land or sea fayre weather or foule to performe any serious seruice committed to him He brought me a letter from Sir Francis Drake whose generous mind offered to supply all my defects of shipping boats munition victuall clothes and men to further this action and vpon good consultation and deliberation he appointed me a ship of 70. tuns with an hundred men and foure moneths victuals two Pinnaces foure small Boats with two sufficient Masters with sufficient Gangs All this being made ready for me suddenly arose such a storme for foure dayes that had like to haue driuen the whole Fleete on shore many of them were forced to the Sea whereof my ship so lately giuen me was one with all my prouision and Company appoynted Notwithstanding the storme ceasing the Generall appointed me a ship of 170. tuns with all prouisions as before to carry me into England the next August or when I had performed such Discoueries as I thought fit Yet they durst not vndertake to bring her into the harbour but she must ride in the road leauing the care of the rest to my selfe advising me to consider with my Company what was fittest and with my best speed returne him answer Herevpon calling my Company together who were all as priuy of the Generals offer as my selfe their whole request was in regard of all those former miseries and no hope of the returne of Sir Richard Grenvill and with a generall consent they desired me to vrge him we might all goe with him for England in his Fleete for whose reliefe in that storme he had sustained more perill of wrack then in all his honorable actions against his enemies So with prayses to God we set sayle in Iune 1586. and arriued in Portsmouth the 27. of Iuly the same yeare Leaving this remembrance to posteritie To reason lend me thine attentiue eares Exempt thy selfe from mind-distracting cares Least that's here thus proiected for thy good By thee reiected be ere vnderstood Written by Mr Ralph Layne Governour The Observations of Mr. Thomas Heriot in this Voyage For Marchandize and Victualls WHat before is writ is also confirmed by that learned Mathematician Mr Thomas Heriot with them in the Country whose particular Relation of all the Beasts Birds Fishes Foules Fruites and Rootes and how they may be vsefull because I haue writ it before for the most part in the Discourse of Captaine Amidas and Captaine Layne except Silk grasse Wormesilke Flax like Hempe Allum Wapeith or Terra sigillata Tar Rosen Turpentine Civet-cats Iron ore Copper that hold Silver Coprose and Pearle Let those briefes suffice because I would not trouble you with one thing twice Dyes For Dyes Showmack the herbe Wasebur little rootes called Chapacor and the barke of a tree called by the Inhabitants Tangomockonominge which are for divers sorts of Reds What more then is related is an herbe in Dutch called Melden described like an Orange growing foure foote high the seede will make good broth and the stalke burnt to ashes makes a kinde of Salt other Salt they know not and we vsed of it for Pot-herbs Of their Tobacco we found plenty which they esteeme their chiefe Physicke Ground nuts Tiswaw we call China roots they grow in clusters and bring forth a bryer stalke but the leafe is far vnlike which will climbe vp to the top of the highest tree the vse knowne is to cut it in small peeces then stampe straine it with water and boyled makes a gelly good to eate Cassavia growes in Marishes which the Indians oft vse for bread and broth Habascon is like a Parsnip naught of it selfe except compounded and their Leekes like those in England Sequenummener a kinde of Berry like Capers and three kinde of Berries like Acornes called Sagatamenor Osamenor and Pummuckoner Saquenuckot and Maquowoc two kinde of beasts greater then Conies and very good meate in some places such plenty of gray Conies like hayres that all the people make them mantels of their skins I haue the names of 28. severall sorts that are dispersed in the Country of which 12. kindes we haue discouered and good to eate but the Salvages sometimes kill a Lyon and eate him There is plentie of Sturgeon in February March Aprill and May all Herings in abundance some such as ours but the most part of 18.20 or 24. yncheâ— long and more Trouts Porpisses Rayes Mullers Old-wiues Plaâ—ce Tortoises both by Sea and Land Crabs Oysters Mussels Scalops Periwinckles Crevises Secanank we haue the Pictures of 12. sorts more but their names we know not Turkeys Stockdoues Partridges Cranes Hernes Swans Geese Parrots Faulcons Merlins I haue the names in their language of 86. severall sorts Their woods are such as ours in England for the most part except Rakeock a greaâ— sweet tree whereof they make their Canowes and Ascopo a kinde of tree like Lowrell and Saxefras Their Natures and Manners Their Clothing Townes Houses Warres Arts Tooles handy crafts and educations are much like them in that part of Virginia we now inhabite which at large you may reade in the Description thereof But the relation of their Religion is strange as this Author reporteth Some Religion they haue which although it be farre from the truth yet being as it is there is hope it may be the
sicke They noted also we had no women nor cared for any of theirs some therefore thought we were not borne of women and therefore not mortall but that we were men of an old generation many yeares past risen againe from immortalitie Some would Prophesie there were more of our generation yet to come to kill theirs and take their places Those that were to come after vs they imagined to be in the ayre yet invisible and without bodies and that they by our intreaties for loue of vs did make the people die as they did by shooting invisible bullets into them To confirme this their Physicians to excuse their Ignorance in curing the disease would make the simple people beleeue that the strings of bloud they sucked out of the sicke bodies were the strings wherein the invisible bullets were tyed and cast Some thought we shot them our selues from the place where we dwelt and killed the people that had offended vs as we listed how farre distant soever And others said it was the speciall worke of God for our sakes as we had cause in some sort to thinke no lesse whatsoever some doe or may imagine to the contrary especially some Astrologers by the eclipse of the Sunne we saw that yeare before our Voyage and by a Comet which began to appeare but a few dayes before the sicknesse began but to exclude them from being the speciall causes of so speciall an Accident there are farther reasons then I thinke fit to present or alledge These their opinions I haue set downe that you may see there is hope to imbrace the truth and honor obey feare and loue vs by good dealing and government though some of our company towards the latter end before we came away with Sir Francis Drake shewed themselues too furious in slaying some of the people in some Townes vpon causes that on our part might haue bin borne with more mildnesse notwithstanding they iustly had deserued it The best neverthelesse in this as in all actions besides is to be indevoured and hoped and of the worst that may happen notice to be taken with consideration and as much as may be eschewed the better to allure them hereafter to Civilitie and Christianitie Thus you may see How Nature her selfe delights her selfe in sundry Instruments That sundry things be done to decke the earth with Ornaments Nor suffers she her servants all should runne one race But wills the walke of every one frame in a divers pace That divers wayes and divers workes the world might better grace Written by Thomas Heriot one of the Voyage How Sir Richard Grenvill went to relieue them IN the yeare of our Lord 1586. Sir Walter Raleigh and his Associates prepared a ship of a hundred tun fraughted plentifully of all things necessary but before they set sayle from England it was Easter And arriving at Hatoraâ—k they after some time spent in seeking the Collony vp in the Country and not finding them returned with all the provision againe to England About 14. or 15. dayes after Sir Richard Grenvill accompanied with three ships well appoynted arrived there Who not finding the aforesaid ship according to his expectation nor hearing any newes of the Collony there seated and left by him as is said 1585. travailing vp and downe to seeke them but when he could heare no newes of them and found their habitation abandoned vnwilling to lose the possession of the Country after good deliberation he landed fiftie men in the I le of Roanoak plentifully furnished with all manner of provision for two yeares and so returned for England Where many began strangely to discant of those crosse beginnings and him which caused me remember an old saying of Euripides Who broacheth ought that 's new to fooles vntaught Himselfe shall iudged be vnwise and good for naught Three Ships more sent to relieue them by Mr. White WE went the old course by the west Indies and Simon Ferdinando our continuall Pilot mistaking Virginia for Cape Fear we sayled not much to haue beene cast away vpon the conceit of our all-knowing Ferdinando had it not beene prevented by the vigilancy of Captaine Stafford We came to Hatorask the 22. of Iuly and with fortie of our best men intending at Roanoack to find the 50 men left by Sir Richard Grenvill But we found nothing but the bones of a man and where the Plantation had beene the houses vnhurt but overgrowne with weeds and the Fort defaced which much perplexed vs. By the History it seemes Simon Ferdinando did what he could to bring this voyage to confusion but yet they all arrived at Hatorask They repayred the old houses at Roanock and Master George How one of the Councell stragling abroad was slaine by the Salvages Not long after Master Stafford with 20. men went to Croatan with Manteo whose friends dwelled there of whom we thought to haue some newes of our 50 men They at first made shew to fight but when they heard Manteo they threw away their Armes and were friends and desired there might be a token giuen to be knowne by least we might hurt them by misprision as the yeare before one had bin by Master Layne that was ever their friend and there present yet lame The next day we had conference with them concerning the people of Secotan Aquascogoc and Pomeiok willing them of Croatan to see if they would accept our friendship and renew our old acquaintance which they willingly imbraced and promised to bring their King and Governours to Roanoak to confirme it We also vnderstood that Master Howe was slaine by the men of Wingina of Dassamonpeack and by them of Roanoack that the fiftie men left by Sir Richard Grenvill were suddainly set vpon by three hundred of Secotan Aquascogoc and Dassamonpeack First they intruded themselues among 11 of them by friendship one they slew the rest retyring to their houses they set them on fire that our men with what came next to hand were forced to make their passage among them where one of them was shot in the mouth and presently dyed and a Salvage slaine by him On both sides more were hurt but our men retyring to the water side got their boat ere they had rowed a quarter of a myle towards Hatorask they tooke vp foure of their fellowes gathering Crabs and Oysters at last they landed on a little I le by Hatorask where they remained a while but after departed they knew not whether So taking our leaues of the Croatans we came to our Fleet at Hatorask The Governour having long expected the King and Governours of Pomeiok Secotan Aquascogoc and Dassamonpeack and the 7. dayes expired and no newes of them being also informed by those of Croatan that they of Dassamonpeack slew Master How and were at the driving our men from Raonoack he thought no longer to deferre the revenge Wherefore about midnight with Captaine Stafford and twentie-foure men whereof Manteo was one for our guide
that behaved himselfe towards vs as a most faithfull English man he set forward The next day by breake of day we landed and got beyond their houses where seeing them sit by the fire we assaulted them The miserable soules amazed fled into the Reeds where one was shot through and we thought to haue beene fully revenged but we were deceiued for they were our friends come from Croatan to gather their corne because they vnderstood our enemies were fled after the death of Master How and left all behinde them for the birds But they had like to haue payd too deare for it had we not chanced vpon a Weroances wife with a childe at her backe and a Salvage that knew Captaine Stafford that ran to him calling him by his name Being thus disappointed of our purpose we gathered the fruit we found ripe left the rest vnspoyled and tooke Menatonon his wife with her childe and the rest with vs to Roanoak Though this mistake grieued Manteo yet he imputed it to their own folly because they had not kept promise to come to the governor at the day appointed The 13. of August our Salvage Manteo was Christened and called Lord of Dassamonpeack in reward of his faithfulnesse And the 18th Ellinor the Governours daughter and wife to Ananias Dare was delivered of a daughter in Roanoak which being the first Christian there borne was called Virginia Our ships being ready to depart such a storme arose as the Admirall was forced to cut her Cables and it was six dayes ere she could recover the shore that made vs doubt she had beene lost because the most of her best men were on shore At this time Controversies did grow betwixt our Governour and the Assistants about choosing one of them 12. to goe as Factor for them all to England for all refused saue one whom all men thought most insufficient the Conclusion was by a generall consent they would haue the Governour goe himselfe for that they thought none would so truly procure there supplyes as he Which though he did what he could to excuse it yet their importunitie would not cease till he vndertooke it and had it vnder all their hands how vnwilling he was but that necessity and reason did doubly constraine him At their setting sayle for England waighing Anchor twelue of the men in the flyboat were throwne from the Capstern by the breaking of a barre and most of them so hurt that some never recovered it The second time they had the like fortune being but 15. they cut the Cable and kept company with their Admirall to Flowres and Coruos the Admirall stayed there looking for purchase but the flyboats men grew so weake they were driuen to Smerwick in the West of Ireland The Governour went for England and Simon Ferdinando with much adoe at last arrived at Portsmouth 1587. The Names of those were landed in this Plantation were Iohn White Governour Roger Bayley Ananias Dare. Simon Ferdinando Christopher Couper Thomas Stevens Iohn Samson Thomas Smith Dionis Haruie Roger Prat. George How Antony Cage With divers others to the number of about 115. The fift Voyage to Virginia vndertaken by Mr. Iohn White 1589. THe 20. of March three ships went from Plimouth and passed betwixt Barbary and Mogadoro to Dominico in the West Indies After we had done some exployts in those parts the third of August wee fell with the low sandy Iles westward of Wokokon But by reason of ill weather it was the 11 ere we could Anchor there and on the 12. we came to Croatan where is a great breach in 35 degrees and a halfe in the Northeast poynt of the I le The 15. we came to Hatorask in 36. degrees a terse at 4. fadom 3 leagues from shore where we might perceiue a smoake at the place where I left the Colony 1587. The next morning Captaine Cooke Captaine Spicer their companies with two boats left â—ur ships and discharged some Ordnance to giue them notice of our comming but when we came there we found no man nor signe of any that had beene there lately and so returned to our Boats The next morning we prepared againe for Roanoack Captaine Spicer had then sent his Boat ashore for water so it was ten of the Clocke ere we put from the ships which rode two myles from the shore The Admirals boat being a myle before the other as she passed the bar a sea broke into the boat and filled her halfe full of water but by Gods good will and the carefull stearage of Captaine Cook though our provisions were much wet we safe escaped the wind blew hard at Northeast which caused so great a current and a breach vpon the barre Captaine Spicer passed halfe over but by the indiscreet steering of Ralph Skinner their boat was overset the men that could catch hold hung about her the next sea cast her on ground where some let goe their hold to wade to shore but the sea beat them downe The boat thus tossed vp and downe Captaine Spicer and Skinner hung there till they were drowne but 4. that could swim a little kept themselues in deeper water were saued by the meanes of Captaine Cook that presently vpon the oversetting of their boat shipped himselfe to saue what he could Thus of eleuen seuen of the chiefest were drowned This so discomfited all the Saylers we had much to do to get them any more to seeke further for the Planters but by their Captaines forwardnes at last they fitted themselues againe for Hatorask in 2 boats with 19 persons It was late ere we arrived but seeing a fire through the woods we sounded a Trumpet but no answer could we heare The next morning we went to it but could see nothing but the grasse and some rotten trees burning We went vp and downe the I le and at last found three faire Romane Letters carved C.R.O. which presently we knew to signifie the place where I should find them according to a secret note betweene them me which was to write the name of the place they would be in vpon some tree dore or post and if they had beene in any distresse to signifie it by making a crosse over it For at my departure they intended to goe fiftie myles into the mayne But we found no signe of distresse then we went to a place where they were left in sundry houses but we found them all taken downe and the place strongly inclosed with a high Palizado very Fortlike and in one of the chiefe Posts carued in fayre capitall Letters CROATAN without any signe of distresse and many barres of Iron two pigs of Lead foure Fowlers Iron shot and such like heauie things throwne here and there overgrowne with grasse and weeds We went by the shore to seeke for their boats but could find none nor any of the Ordnance I left them At last some of the Sailers found divers Chists had beene hidden and digged vp
Proceedings and the Ships returne ALL this time our care was not so much to abandon the Countrey but the Treasurer and Councell in England were as diligent carefull to supply vs. Two good ships they sent vs with neare a hundred men well furnished with all things could be imagined necessary both for them and vs The one commanded by Captaine Newport the other by Captaine Francis Nelson an honest man and an expert Marriner But such was the lewardnesse of his Ship that though he was within the sight of Cape Henry by stormy contrary winds was he forced so farre to Sea that the West Indies was the next land for the repaire of his Masts and reliefe of wood and water But Newport got in and arrived at Iames Towne not long after the redemption of Captaine Smith To whom the Salvages as is sayd every other day repaired with such provisions that sufficiently did serue them from hand to mouth part alwayes they brought him as Presents from their Kings or Pocahontas the rest he as their Market Clarke set the price himselfe how they should sell so he had inchanted these poore soules being their prisoner and now Newport whom he called his Father arriving neare as directly as he foretold they esteemed him as an Oracle and had them at that submission he might command them what he listed That God that created all things they knew he adored for his God they would also in their discourses tearme the God of Captaine Smith Thus the Almightie was the bringer on The guide path terme all which was God alone But the President and Councell so much envied his estimation among the Salvages though we all in generall equally participated with him of the good thereof that they wrought it into the Salvages vnderstandings by their great bounty in giving foure times more for their commodities then Smith appointed that their greatnesse and authoritie as much exceeded his as their bountie and liberalitie Now the arrivall of this first supply so overioyed vs that wee could not devise too much to please the Marriners We gaue them libertie to trucke or trade at their pleasures But in a short time it followed that could not be had for a pound of Copper which before was sould vs for an ounce thus ambition and sufferance cut the throat of our trade but confirmed their opinion of the greatnesse of Capt. Newport wherewith Smith had possessed Powhatan especially by the great presents Newport often sent him before he could prepare the Pinnace to goe and visti him so that this great Savage desired also to see him A great coyle there was to set him forward When he went he was accompanied with Captaine Smith Mr Scrivener a very wise vnderstanding Gentleman newly arrived and admitted of the Councell with thirtie or fortie choisen men for their guard Arriving at Werowocomoco Newports conceit of this great Savage bred many doubts and suspitions of trecheries which Smith to make appeare was needlesse with twentie men well appointed vndertooke to encounter the worst that could happen Knowing All is but one and selfe-same hand that thus Both one while scourgeth and that helpeth vs. Nathaniell Powell Gent. Robert Behethland Gent. Mitchell â—hittiplace Gent. William â—hittiplace Gent. Anthony Gosnoll Gent. Richard Wyssin Gent. Iohn Taverner Gent. William Dyer Gent. Thomas Coe Gent. Thomas Hope Gent. Anas Todkill Gent. These with nine others whose names I haue forgotten comming a-shore landed amongst a many of creekes over which they were to passe such poore bridges onely made of a few cratches thrust in the ose and three or foure poles laid on them and at the end of them the like tyed together onely with barkes of trees that it made them much suspect those bridges were but traps Which caused Smith to make diverse Salvages goe over first keeping some of the chiefe as hostage till halfe his men were passed to make a guard for himselfe and the rest But finding all things well by two or three hundred Salvages they were kindly conducted to their towne Where Powhatan strained himselfe to the vtmost of his greatnesse to entertaine them with great shouts of ioy Orations of protestations and with the most plenty of victualls he could provide to feast them Sitting vpon his bed of mats his pillow of leather imbrodered after their rude manner with pearle and white Beads his attyre a faire robe of skinnes as large as an Irish mantell at his head and feete a handsome young woman on each side his house sat twentie of his Concubines their heads and shoulders painted red with a great chaine of white beads about each of their neckes Before those sat his chiefest men in like order in his arbour-like house and more then fortie platters of fine bread stood as a guard in two fyles on each side the doore Foure or fiue hundred people made a guard behinde them for our passage and Proclamation was made none vpon paine of death to presume to doe vs any wrong or discourtesie With many pretty Discourses to renew their old acquaintance this great King and our Captaine spent the time till the ebbe left our Barge aground Then renewing their feasts with feares dauncing and singing and such like nurth we quartered that night with Powhatan The next day Newport came a shore and receiued as much content as those people could giue him a boy named Thomas Salvage was then giuen vnto Powhatan whom Newport called his sonne for whom Powhatan gaue him Namontack his trustie servant and one of a shrewd subtill capacitie Three or foure dayes more we spent in feasting dauncing and trading wherein Powhatan carried himselfe so proudly yet discreetly in his salvage manner as made vs all admire his naturall gifts considering his education As scorning to trade as his subiects did he bespake Newport in this manner Captaine Newport it is not agreeable to my greatnesse in this pedling manner to trade for triftes and I esteeme you also a great Werowance Therefore lay me downe all your commodities together what I like I will take and in recompence giue you what I thinke fitting their value Captaine Smith being our interpreter regarding Newport as his father knowing best the disposition of Powhatan could vs his intent was but onely to cheate vs yet Captaine Newport thinking to out braue this Salvage in ostentation of greatnesse and so to bewitch him with his bountie as to haue what he listed it so hapned that Powhatan hauing his desire valued his corne at such a rate that I thinke it better cheape in Spaine for we had not foure bushells for that we expected to haue twentie hogsheads This bred some vnkindnesse betweene our two Captaines Newport seeking to please the vnsatiable desire of the Salvage Smith to cause the Salvage to please him but smothering his distast to avoyd the Saluages suspition glanced in the eyes of Powhatan many trifles who fixed his humor vpon a few blew beades A long
very Ports they would take them perforce surprise vs at worke or any way which was so long permitted they became so insolent there was no rule the command from England was so strait not to offend them as our authoritie-bearers keeping their houses would rather be any thing then peace-breakers This charitable humor prevailed till well it chanced they medled with Captaine Smith who without farther deliberation gaue them such an incounter as some he so hunted vp and downe the Isle some he so terrified with whipping beating and imprisoâ—ment as for revenge they surprised two of our forraging disorderly souldiers and having assembled their forces boldly threatned at our Ports to force Smith to redeliver seven Salvages which for their villanies he detained prisoners or we were all but dead men But to try their furies he sallied out amongst them and in lesse then an houre he so hampred their insolencies they brought them his two men desiring peace without any further composition for their prisoners Those he examined and caused them all beleeue by severall vollies of shot one of their companions was shot to death because they would not confesse their intents and plotters of those villanies And thus they all agreed in one point they were directed onely by Powhatan to obtaine him our weapons to cut our owne throats with the manner where how and when which we plainly found most true and apparant yet he sent his messengers and his dearest daughter Pocahontas with presents to excuse him of the iniuries done by some rash vntoward Captaines his subiects desiring their liberties for this time with the assurance of his loue for ever After Smith had given the prisoners what correction he thought fit vsed them well a day or two after then delivered them Pocahontas for whose sake onely he fayned to haue saued their liues and gaue them libertie The patient Councell that nothing would moue to warre with the Salvages would gladly haue wrangled with Captaine Smith for his crueltie yet none was slaine to any mans knowledge but it brought them in such feare and obedience as his very name would sufficiently affright them where before wee had sometime peace and warre twice in a day and very seldome a weeke but we had some trecherous villany or other The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar by the diligence of the Master and Captaine Smith she was quickly reladed Master Scrivener was neither idle nor slow to follow all things at the Fort the Ship being ready to set sayle Captaine Martin being alwayes very sickly and vnserviceable and desirous to inioy the credit of his supposed Art of finding the golden Mine was most willingly admitted to returne for England For He hath not fill'd his lapp That still doth hold it oap From the writings of Thomas Studley and Anas Tâ—dkill Their Names that were landed in this Supply Mathew Scrivener appointed to be one of the Councell Gent. Michaell Phittiplace William Phittiplace Ralph Morton Richard Wyffing Iohn Taverner William Cantrell Robert Barnes Richard Fetherstone George Hill George Pretty Nathaniell Causy Peter Pory Robert Gutler Michaell Sicklemore William Bentley Thomas Coe Doctor Russell Ieffrey Abbot Edward Gurgana Richard Worley Timothy Leeds Richard Killingbeck William Spence Richard â—rodger Richard Pots Richard Mullinax William Bayley Francis Perkins Iohn Harper George Forest. Iohn Nichols William Griuell Labourers RaymoÌ„d Goodison William Simons Iohn Spearman Richard Bristow William Perce Iames Watkins Iohn Bouth Christopher Rods. Richard Burket Iames Burre Nicholas Ven. Francis Perkins Richard Gradon Rawland Nelstrop Richard Savage Thomas Savage Richard Milmer William May. Vere Michaell Bishop Wiles Taylers Thomas Hope William Ward Iohn Powell William Yong. William Beckwith Larence Towtales Apothecaries Thomas Field Iohn Harford Dani Stallings Ieweller Will Dawson a refiner Abram Ransack a refiner Wil. Iohnson a Goldsmith Peter Keffer a gunsmith Rob. Alberton a perfumer Richard Belfuld a Goldsmith Post Ginnat a Chirurg Iohn Lewes a Cooper Robert Cotton a Tobacco-pipe-maker Richard Dole a Black-smith And divers others to the number of 120. CHAPTER V. The Accidents that hapned in the Discovery of the Bay of Chisapeack THe prodigalitie of the Presidents state went so deepe into our small store that Smith and Scrivener tyed him and his Parasites to the rules of proportion But now Smith being to depart the Presidents authoritie so overswayed the discretion of Mr Scrivener that our store our time our strength and labours were idely consumed to fulfill his phantasies The second of Iune 1608. Smith left the Fort to performe his Discovery with this Company Walter Russell Doctor of Physicke Gentlemen Ralfe Murton Thomas Momford William Cantrill Richard Fetherston Iames Burne Michell Sicklemore Souldiers Ionas Profit Anas Todkill Robert Small Iames Watkins Iohn Powell Iames Read Richard Keale These being in an open Barge neare three tuns burthen leaving the Phoenix aâ— Cape Henry they crossed the Bay to the Easterne shore and fell with the Isles called Smiths Isles after our Captaines name The first people we saw were two grim and stout Salvages vpon Cape Charles with long poles like lauelings headed with bone they boldly demanded what we were and what we would but after many circumstances they seemed very kinde and directed vs to Accomack the habitation of their Werowance where we were kindly intreated This King was the comliest proper civill Salvage we incountred His Country is a pleasant fertile clay â—oyle some small creekes good Harbours for small Barks but not for Ships He told vs of a strange accident lately happened him and it was two children being dead some extreame passions or dreaming visions phantasies or affection moued their parents againe to revisit their dead carkases whose benummed bodies reflected to the eyes of the beholders such delightfull countenances as though they had regained their vitall spirits This as a miracle drew many to behold them all which being a great part of his people not long after dyed and but few escaped They spake the language of Powhatan wherein they made such descriptions of the Bay Isles and rivers that often did vs exceeding pleasure Passing along the coast searching every inlet and Bay fit for harbours and habitations Seeing many Isles in the midst of the Bay we bore vp for them but ere we could obtaine them such an extreame gust of wind rayne thunder and lightening happened that with great danger we escaped the vnmercifull raging of that Ocean-like water The highest land on the mayne yet it was but low we called Keales hill and these vninhabited Isles Russels Isles The next day searching them for fresh water we could find none the defect whereof forced vs to follow the next Easterne Channell which brought vs to the river of Wighcocomoco The people at first with great fury seemed to assault vs yet at last with songs and daunces and much mirth became very tractable but searching their habitations for water we could fill but
all his Souldiers with a tripple power and twice tripple better meanes by what they haue done in his absence the world may see what they would haue done in his presence had he not prevented their indiscretions it doth iustly proue what cause he had to send them for England and that he was neither factious mutinous nor dishonest But they haue made it more plaine since his returne for England having his absolute authoritie freely in their power with all the advantages and opportunitie that his labours had effected As I am sorry their actions haue made it so manifest so I am vnwilling to say what reason doth compell me but onely to make apparant the truth least I should seeme partiall reasonlesse and malicious CHAPTER XII The Arrivall of the third Supply TO redresse those jarres and ill proceedings the Treasurer Councell and Company of Virginia not finding that returne and profit they expected and them ingaged there not having meanes to subsist of themselues made meanes to his Maiestie to call in their Commission and take a new in their owne names as in their owne publication 1610. you may â—eade at large Having thus annihilated the old by vertue of a Commission made to the right Honourable Sir Thomas West Lord de la Warre to be Generall of Virginia Sir Thomas Gates his Lieutenant Sir George Somers Admirall Sir Thomas Dale high Marshall Sir Fardinando Wainman Generall of the Horse and so all other offices to many other worthy Gentlemen for their liues though not any of them had ever beene in Virginia except Captaine Newport who was also by Patent made vice-Admirall those noble Gentlemen drew in such great summes of money that they sent Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Somers and Captaine Newport with nine shippes and fiue hundred people who had each of them a Commission who first arrived to call in the old without the knowledge or consent of them that had endured all those former dangers to beat the path not any regard had at all of them All things being ready because those three Captaines could not agree for place it was concluded they should goe all in one ship so all their three Commissions were in that Ship with them called the Sea-Venture They set sayle from England in May 1609. A small Catch perished at Sea in a Hericano the Admirall with an hundred and fiftie men with the two Knights and their new Commission their Bils of Loading with all manner of directions and the most part of their provision arrived not With the other seaven Ships as Captaines arrived Ratliffe whose right name as is sayd was Sicklemore Martin and Archer with Captaine Wood Captaine Webbe Captaine Moone Captaine King Captaine Davis and divers Gentlemen of good meanes and great parentage But the first as they had beene troublesome at Sea began againe to marre all ashore for though as is said they were formerly sent for England yet now returning againe graced by the titles of Captaines of the passengers seeing the Admirall wanting and great probabilitie of her losse strengthened themselues with those new companies so exclaiming against Captaine Smith that they mortally hated him ere ever they saw him Who vnderstanding by his Scouts the arrivall of such a Fleet little dreaming of any such supply supposed them Spanyards But he quickly so determined and ordered our affaires as we little feared their Arrivall nor the successe of our incounter nor were the Salvages any way negligent for the most part to ayd and assist vs with their best power Had it so beene we had beene happy for we would not haue trusted them but as our foes where receiuing them as our Countreymen and friends they did what they could to murther our President to surprise the Store the Fort and our Iudgings to vsurpe the government and make vs all their servants and slaues till they could consume vs and our remembrance and rather indeed to supplant vs then supply vs as master William Box an honest Gentleman in this voyage thus relateth In the tayle of a Hericano wee were separated from the Admirall which although it was but the remainder of that Storme there is seldome any such in England or those Northerne parts of Europe Some lost their Masts some their Sayles blowne from their Yards the Seas so over-raking our Ships much of our prouision was spoyled our Fleet separated and our men sicke and many dyed and in this miserable estate we arrived in Virginia But in this Storme When ratling Thunder ran along the Clouds Did not the Saylers poore and Masters proud A terror feele as strucke with feare of God Did not their trembling ioynts then dread his rod Least for foule deeds and black mouth'd blasphemies The rufull time be come that vengeance cryes To a thousand mischiefes those lewd Captaines led this lewd company wherein were many vnruly Gallants packed thither by their friends to escape ill destinies and those would dispose and determine of the government sometimes to one the next day to another to day the old Commission must rule to morrow the new the next day neither in fine they would rule all or ruine all yet in charitie we must endure them thus to destroy vs or by correcting their follies haue brought the worlds censure vpon vs to be guiltie of their blouds Happie had we beene had they never arrived and we for ever abandoned and as we were left to our fortunes for on earth for the number was never more confusion or misery then their factions occasioned The President seeing the desire those Braues had to rule seeing how his authoritie was so vnexpectedly changed would willingly haue left all and haue returned for England But seeing there was small hope this new Commission would arriue longer he would not suffer those factious spirits to proceede It would be too tedious too strange and almost incredible should I particularly relate the infinite dangers plots and practices he daily escaped amongst this factious crew the chiefe whereof he quickly layd by the heeles till his leasure better served to doe them iustice and to take away all occasions of further mischiefe Master Percie had his request granted to returne for England being very sicke and Mr West with an hundred and twentie of the best he could chuse he sent to the Fâ—lles Martin with neare as many to Nandsamund with their due proportions of all provisions according to thir numbers Now the Presidents yeare being neare expired he made Captaine Martin President to follow the order for the election of a President every yeare but he knowing his owne insufficiency and the companies vntowardnesse and little regard of him within three houres after resigned it againe to Captaine Smith and at Nandsamund thus proceeded the people being contributers vsed him kindly yet such was his iealous feare in the midst of their mirth he did surprise this poore naked King with his Monuments houses and the Isle he inhabited and there
Padget 5. Pembrok 6. Cauendish 7. Smith 8. Hambleton St Catherins forte F Pembroks forte K Kings Castell M Southampton forte L Devonshire Redute O A Scale of 8 Miles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 St George Towne D Warwicks forte E The 3 Bridges A.B.C. P Riches Mount State house The Letters A.B.C. shew the sittuation of the 3 bridges P the Mount D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O. the forts how and by whom they wer made the history will shew you The discription of the land by Mr Norwood All contracted into this order by Captaine Iohn Smith Smiths forte I Pagets forte H Penistons Redoute G Charles forte N Printed by Iames Reeve THE FOVRTH BOOKE TO MAKE PLAINE THE TRVE PROCEEdings of the Historie for 1609. we must follow the examinations of Doctor Simons and two learned Orations published by the Companie with the relation of the Right Honourable the Lord De la Ware What happened in the first gouernment after the alteration in the time of Captaine George Piercie their Gouernour THE day before Captaine Smith returned for England with the ships Captaine Dauis arriued in a small Pinace with some sixteene proper men more To these were added a company from Iames towne vnder the command of Captaine Iohn Sickelmore alias Ratliffe to inhabit Point Comfort Captaine Martin and Captaine West hauing lost their boats and neere halfe their men among the Saluages were returned to Iames towne for the Saluages no sooner vnderstood Smith was gone but they all reuolted and did spoile and murther all they incountered Now wee were all constrained to liue onely on that Smith had onely for his owne Companie for the rest had consumed their proportions and now they had twentie Presidents with all their appurtenances Master Piercie our new President was so sicke hee could neither goe nor stand But ere all was consumed Captaine West and Captaine Sickelmore each with a small ship and thirtie or fortie men well appointed sought abroad to trade Sickelmore vpon the confidence of Powhatan with about thirtie others as carelesse as himselfe were all slaine onely Ieffrey Shortridge escaped and Pokahontas the Kings daughter saued a boy called Henry Spilman that liued many yeeres after by her meanes amongst the Patawomekes Powhatan still as he found meanes cut off their Boats denied them trade so that Captaine West set saile for England Now we all found the losse of Captaine Smith yea his greatest maligners could now curse his losse as for corne prouision and contribution from the Saluages we had nothing but mortall wounds with clubs and arrowes as for our Hogs Hens Goats Sheepe Horse or what liued our commanders officers Saluages daily consumed them some small proportions sometimes we tasted till all was deuoured then swords armes pieces or any thing wee traded with the Saluages whose cruell fingers were so oft imbrewed in our blouds that what by their crueltie our Gouernours indiscretion and the losse of our ships of fiue hundred within six moneths after Captaine Smiths departure there remained not past sixtie men women and children most miserable and poore creatures and those were preserued for the most part by roots herbes acornes walnuts berries now and then a little fish they that had startch in these extremities made no small vse of it yea euen the very skinnes of our horses Nay so great was our famine that a Saluage we slew and buried the poorer sort tooke him vp againe and eat him and so did diuers one another boyled and stewed with roots and herbs And one amongst the rest did kill his wife powdered her and had eaten part of her before it was knowne for which hee was executed as hee well deserued now whether shee was better roasted boyled or carbonado'd I know not but of such a dish as powdered wise I neuer heard of This was that time which still to this day we called the staruing time it were too vile to say and scarce to be beleeued what we endured but the occasion was our owne for want of prouidence industrie and gouernment and not the barrennesse and defect of the Countrie as is generally supposed for till then in three yeeres for the numbers were landed vs we had neuer from England prouision sufficient for six moneths though it seemed by the bils of loading sufficient was sent vs such a glutton is the Sea and such good fellowes the Mariners we as little tasted of the great proportion sent vs as they of our want and miseries yet notwithstanding they euer ouer-swayed and ruled the businesse though we endured all that is said and chiefly liued on what this good Countrie naturally afforded yet had wee beene euen in Paradice it selfe with these Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet there was amongst vs who had they had the gouernment as Captaine Smith appointed but that they could not maintaine it would surely haue kept vs from those extremities of miseries This in ten daies more would haue supplanted vs all with death But God that would not this Countrie should be vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers with one hundred and fiftie people most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs strange it is to say how miraculously they were preserued in a leaking ship as at large you may reade in the insuing Historie of those Ilands The gouernment resigned to Sir Thomas Gates 1610. WHen these two Noble Knights did see our miseries being but strangers in that Countrie and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing and excusing one another They embarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames towne set saile for England whereby you may see the euent of the gouernment of the former Commanders left to themselues although they had liued there many yeeres as formerly hath beene spoken who hindred now their proceedings Captaine Smith being gone At noone they fell to the I le of Hogs and the next morning to Mulbery point at what time they descried the Long-boat of the Lord la Ware for God would not haue it so abandoned For this honourable Lord then Gouernour of the Countrie met them with three ships exceedingly well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames towne Out of the obseruations of William Simmons Doctor of Diuinitie The gouernment deuolued to the Lord la Ware HIs Lordship arriued the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Warnman Captaine Houlâ—roft Captaine Lawson and diuers other Gentlemen of sort the tenth he came vp with his fleet went on shore heard a Sermon read his Commission and entred into consultation for the good of the Colonie in which secret counsell we will a little leaue them that we may duly obserue the reuealed counsell of God Hee that shall but turne vp his eie and behold the spangled canopie of heauen or shall but cast downe his eie and consider the embroydered
vs with their Ordnances and put vs in minde we had another worke in hand Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies and manned the ship with the rest and were so well incouraged wee waifed them amaine The Admirall stood aloofe off and the other would not come within Falcon shot where she lay battering vs till shee receiued another paiment from a Demiculuering which made her beare with the shore for smooth water to mend her leakes The next morning they both came vp againe with vs as if they had determined to deuour vs at once but it seemed it was but a brauado though they forsooke not our quarter for a time within Musket shot yet all the night onely they kept vs company but made not a shot During which time we had leasure to prouide vs better than before but God bethanked they made onely but a shew of another aâ—sault ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne and the other lay shaking in the wind and so they both left vs. The fight continued six houres and was the more vnwelcome because we were so ill prouided and had no intent to sight nor giue occasion to disturbe them As for the losse of men if Religion had not taught vs what by the prouidence of God is brought to passe yet daily experience might informe vs of the dangers of wars and perils at sea by stormes tempests shipwracks encounters with Pirats meeting with enemies crosse winds long voâ—ages vnknowne shores barbarous Nations and an hundred inconueniences of which humane pollicies are not capable nor mens coniectures apprehensiue We lost Doctor Bohun a worthy valianâ— Gentleman a long time brought vp amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in Netherlands and this his second iourney to Virginia and seuen slaine out right two died shortly of their wounds sixteâ—nâ— was shot whose limbs God be thanked was recouered without maime and now setled in Virginia how many they lost we know not but we saw a great many lie on the decks and their skuppers runne with bloud they were abouâ— three hundred tunnes a peece each sixteene or twentie Brasse peeces Captaine Chester who in this fight had behaued himselfe like a most vigilant resolute and a couragious souldier as also our honest and valiant master did still so comfort and incourage vs by all the meanes they could at last to all our great contents we arriued in Virginia and from thence returned safely to England The Names of the Aduenturers for Virginia Alphabetically set downe according to a printed Booke set out by the Treasurer and Councell in this present yeere 1620. A SIr William Aliffe Sir Roger Aston Sir Anthony Ashley Sir Iohn Akland Sir Anthonie Aucher Sir Robert Askwith Doctor Francis Anthony Charles Anthony Edward Allen. Edmund Allen Esquire Iohn Allen. Thomas Allen. William Atkinson Esquire Richard Ashcroft Nicholas Andrews Iohn Andrews the elder Iohn Andrews the youngeâ— Iames Ascough Giles Allington Morris Abbot Ambrose Asten Iames Askew Anthony Abdey Iohn Arundell Esquire B Edward Earle of Bedford Iames Lord Bishop of Bathe and Wells Sir Francis Barrington Sir Morice Barkley Sir Iohn Benet Sir Thomas Beamont Sir Amias Bamfield Sir Iohn Bourcher Sir Edmund Bowyer Sir Thomas Bludder Sir George Bolles Sir Iohn Bingley Sir Thomas Button Sir Henry Beddingfield Companie of Barbers-Surgeons Companie of Bakers Richard Banister Iohn Bancks Miles Bancks Thomas Barber William Bonham Iames Bryerley William Barners Anthony Barners Esquire William Brewster Richard Brooke Hugh Brooker Esquire Ambrose Brewsey Iohn Brooke Matthew Bromridge Christopher Brooke Esquire Martin Bond. Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Dauid Borne Edward Barnes Iohn Badger Edmund Branduell Robert Bowyer Esquire Bobert Bateman Thomas Britton Nicholas Benson Edward Bishop Peter Burgoney Thomas Burgoney Robert Burgoney Christopher Baron Peter Benson Iohn Baker Iohn Bustoridge Francis Burlâ—y William Browne Robert Barker Samuel Burnham Edward Barkley William Bennet Captaine Edward Brewster Thomas Brocket Iohn Bullock George Bache Thomas Bayly William Barkley George Butler Timothie Bathurst George Burton Thomas Bret. Captaine Iohn Brough Thomas Baker Iohn Blunt Thomas Bayly Richard and Edward Blunt Mineon Burrell Richard Blackmore William Bâ—ck Beniamin Brand. Iohn Busbridge William Burrell William Barret Francis Baldwin Edward Bâ—rber Humphrey Basse. Robert Bell. Matthew Bromrick Iohn Beaumont George Barkley Peter Bartle Thomas Bretton Iohn Blount Arthur Bromfeld Esquire William Bâ—rbloke Charles Beck C George Lord Archbishop of Canterburie William Lord Cranborne now Earle of Salisburie William Lord Compton now Earle of North-hampton William Lord Cauendish now Earle of Deuonshire Richard Earle of Clanricard Sir William Cauendish now Lord Cauendish Gray Lord Chandos Sir Henry Cary. Sir George Caluert Sir Lionell Cranfield Sir Edward Cecill Sir Robert Cotten Sir Oliuer Cromwell Sir Anthony Cope Sir Walter Cope Sir Edward Carr. Sir Thomas Conisbie Sir George Cary. Sir Edward Conwey Sir Walter Chute Sir Edward Culpeper Sir Henry Cary Captaine Sir William Crauen Sir Walter Couert Sir George Coppin Sir George Chute Sir Thomas Couentry Sir Iohn Cutts Lady Cary. Company of Cloth-workers Citie of Chichester Robert Chamberlaine Richard Chamberlaine Francis Couill William Coyse Esquire Abraham Chamberlaine Thomas Carpenter Anthony Crew Richard Cox William Crosley Iames Chatfeild Richard Caswell Iohn Cornelis Randall Carter Executâ—rs of Randall Carter William Canning Edward Carue Esquire Thomas Cannon Esquire Richard Champion Rawley Crashaw Henry Collins Henry Cromwell Iohn Cooper Richard Cooper Ioâ—n Casson Thomas Colthâ—rst Allâ—n Cotten Edward Cage Abraham Carthwright Robert Coppin Thomas Conock Ioâ—n Clapham Thomas Church William Carpenter Laurence Campe. Iames Cambell Christopher Clâ—theroe Matthew Cooper Georgâ— Chamber Captaine Iohn Cooke Câ—ptaine Thomas Conwey Esquire Edward Culpeper Esquire Master William Crashaw Abraham Colmâ—r Iohn Culpeper Edmund Colbey Richard Cooper Robert Creswell Iohn Cage Esquire Matthew Caue William Crowe Abraham Carpenter Iohn Crowe Thomas Cordell Richard Connock Esquire William Compton William Chester Thâ—mas Couel Richard Carmarden Esquire William and Paul Canning Hâ—nry Cromwell Esquire Simon Codrington Clement Chichley Iames Cullemore William Cantrell D Richard Earle of Dorset Edward Lord Dâ—nny Sir Iohn Digbie now Lord Digbie Sir Iohn Doderidge Sir Drew Drewry the elder Sir Thomas Dennis Sir Robert Drewry Sir Iohn Dauers Sir Dudley Digs Sir Marmaduke Dorrel Sir Thomas Dale Sir Thomas Denton Companie of Drapers Thomas Bond Esquire Dauid Bent Esquire Comanie of Dyers Towne of Douer Master Richard Deaâ—e Alderman Henry Dawkes Edward Dichfield William Dunne Iohn Dauis Matthew Dâ—quâ—stâ—r Philip Durdent Abraham Dawes Iohn Dike Thomas Draper Lancelot Dauis Rowley Dawsey William Dobson Esquire Anthony Dyot Esquire Auery Dranfield Roger Dye Iohn Downes Iohn Drake Iohn Delbridge Beniamin Decroâ— Thomas Dyke Ieffery Duppa Daniel Darnelly Sara Draper Clement and Henry Dawkneâ— E Thomas Earle of Exeter Sir Thomas Euerfield Sir Francis Egiock Sir Robert Edolph Iohn Eldred Esquire William Euans Richard Euans Hugh Euans Raph Ewens Esquire Iohn Elkin Robert Euelin Nicholas Exton Iohn Exton George Etheridge F Sir Moyle Finch Sir Henry Fanshaw
of the Bermudas where at last with his company he safely arriued but such was his diligence with his extraordinary care paines and industry to dispatch his businesse and the strength of his body not answering the euer memorable courage of his minde hauing liued so long in such honourable seruices the most part of his well beloued and vertuous life God and nature here determined should euer remaine a perpetuall memory of his much bewailed sorrow for his death finding his time but short after he had taken the best course he could to settle his estate like a valiant Captaine he exhorted them with all diligence to be constant to those Plantations and with all expedition to returne to Virginia In that very place which we now call Saint Georges towne this noble Knight died whereof the place taketh the name But his men as men amazed seeing the death of him who was euen as the life of them all embalmed his body and set saile for England being the first that euer went to seeke those Ilands which haue beene euer since called Summers Iles in honour of his worthy memory leauing three men behind them that voluntarily stayed whose names were Christopher Carter Edward Waters there formerly left as is said and Edward Chard This Cedar ship at last with his dead body arriued at Whit-Church in Dorsetshire where by his friends he was honourably buried with many vollies of shot and the rites of a Souldier and vpon his tombe was bestowed this Epitaph Hei mihi Virginia quod tam cito praeterit Aestas Autumnus sequitur saeuiet inde biems At ver perpetuum nascetur Anglialaeta Decerpit flores florida terra tuas In English thus Alas Virginia's Summer so soone past Autumne succeeds and stormy Winters blast Yet Englands ioyfull Spring with ioyfull showers O Florida shall bring thy sweetest flowers THe honour of this resulution belongs principally to Carter for through his importunity not to leaue such a place abandoned Chard Waters were moued to stay with him and the rest promised wâ—th all the speed they could againe to reuisit them But the ship once out of sight those three Lords the sole inhabitants of all those Ilands began to erect their little common wealth for a while with brotherly regency repairing the ground planting Corne and such seeds and fruits as they had building a house c. Then making priuy search amongst the creusses and corners of those craggy Rocks what this maine Ocean since the worlds creation had throwne amongst them at last they chanced vpon the greatest peece of Amber-greece was euer seene or heard of in one lumpe being in weight fourescore pound besides diuers other small peeces But now being rich they grew so proud and aÌ„bitious contempt tooke such place they fell out for superiority though but three forlorne men more then three thousand miles from their natiue Country and but small hope euer to see it againe Notwithstanding they sometimes fell from words to blowes about meere trifles in one of which fights one of them was bitten with his owne dog as if the dumbe beast would reproue them of their folly at last Chard and Waters the two greater spirits must try it out in the field but Carter wisely stole away their weapons affecting rather to liue amongst his enemies then by being rid of them liue alone and thus those miserable men liued full two yeeres so that all their clothes were neere worne cleane from their backs and their hopes of any forraine releefe as naked as their bodies At last they began to recouer their wits yet in a fashion perhaps would haue cost them dearer then when they were mad for concluding a tripartite peace of their Marachin warre they resolued to frame as good a Boat as they could and therein to make a desperate attempt for Virginia or New found Land but no sooner were they entred into that resolution but they descried a saile standing in for the shore though they neither knew what she was nor what she would they were so ouer-ioyed with all possible speed they went to meet her and according to their hearts desire she proued an English-man whom they safely conducted into their harbour Now you are to vnderstand that Captaine Matthew Somers Nephew and heire to Sir George that returned with his dead body though both he and his Company did their vtmost in relating all those passages to their Countrey-men and aduenturers their relations were beleeued but as trauellers tales till it came to be apprehended by some of the Virginia Company how beneficiall it might be and helpfull to the Plantation in Virginia so that some one hundred and twentie of them bought the pretended right of all the Company and had sent this ship to make a triall but first they had obtained Letters Patents of the Kings most excellent Maiestie Sir Thomas Smith was elected Treasurer and Gouernor heere and Master Richard More to be Gouernor of the Iles and Colony there The first beginning of a Colonie in the Somer Iles vnder the command of Master Richard More extracted out of a plot of Master Richard Norwood Surueior and the relations of diuer's others MAster More thus finding those three men not onely well and lusty but well stored with diuers sorts of prouisions as an Acre of Corne ready to be gathered numbers of Pumpions and Indian Beanes many Tortoises ready taken good store of hogs flesh salted and made in flitches of Bacon were very good and so presently landed his goods and sixty persons towards the beginning of Iuly 1612. vpon the South side of Smiths I le Not long after his arriuall More hauing some priuate intelligence of this Amber-greece tooke first Chard in examination he being one of the three the most masterfull spirit what Amber-greece Pearle Treasure or other Commodities they had found Chard no lesse witty then resolute directly answered Not any thing at all but the fruits of the I le what his fellowes had done he knew not but if they had he doubted not but to finde it out and then hee should know it certainly This he spake onely to win time to sweare his Consorts to secrecy and he would finde the meanes how they should all returne in that ship with it all for England otherwise they should be deceiued of all Till this was effected they thought euery houre an age now for the better conueiance of it aboord they acquainted it to Captaine Dauis master of the ship and one Master Edwin Kendall that for their secrecy and transportation should participate with them Without further ceremony the match was accepted and absolutely concluded the plot laid time and place set downe to haue it aboord But Carter were it for feare the Gouernor at last should know of it to whom so oft they had denied it or that the rest should deceiue him is vncertaine but most certaine it is he reuealed all the plot to Master More To get
discharged This feare thus past appeares another much worse which was the extremity of famine in this extemity God sent Captaine Daniel Elfrid with a caruell of meale which a little relieued them but brought withall so many Rats that within two yeeres after neere ruined all now though Elfrid had deceiued his friend Fisher of this Caruell in the West Indies they reuenged Fishers iniury for Elfrid had his passage for England and they made vse of all he had Some two moneths after came in the Blessing with an hundred Passengers and two daies after the Starre with a hundred and foure score more amongst which were many Gentlemen as Master Lower for Marshall Master Barret Master Felgate and diuers others but very vnproper for what they vndertooke Within foureteene daies after came in the Margaret and two Frygats and in them one hundred and threescore Passengers also Master Bartlet came now expresly to diuide the Country into Tribes and the Tribes into shares But Master More finding no mention made of any part for himselfe nor all them with him as he was promised in England by no meanes would admit of any diuision nor suffer his men from finishing their fortifications which was so necessary it was his maine ambition to see that accomplished but such vnkindnesse grew betwixt this Master Bartlet and the Gouernour that the rude multitude with all the disdaine they could deuise caused Bartlet returne for England as he came About this time William Millington was drawne into the Sea by a fish but neuer after euer seene The neglect of this diuision was very hardly conceited in England so that Master More grew more and more in dislike with the company notwithstanding he followed the building of these Forts so earnestly neglecting planting of Corne till their store was neere all consumed whereby they became so feeble and weake some would not others could not goe abroad to seeke releefe but statued in their houses and many that went abroad through weaknesse were subiect to be suddenly surprized with a disease called the Feauges which was neither paine nor sicknesse but as it were the highest degree of weaknesse depriuing them of power and ability from the execution of any bodily exercises whether it were working walking or what else being thus taken if any presently gaue them food many times they straight recouered yet some after a little rest would bee able to walke but if they found not present succour died About this time or immediatly before came in a company of Rauens which continued amongst them all the time of this mortality and then departed which for any thing knowne neither before nor since were euer seene or heard of this with diuers other reasons caused Master More to goe out to Sea to see if he could discouer any other Ilands but he went not farre ere ill weather forced him backe and it were a noble aduenture of him would vndertake to make more perfect all the dangers are about the Summer Iles. Thus famine and misery caused Gouernour More leaue all his workes and send them abroad to get what they could one hundred and fifty of the most weake and sicke he sent to Coupers I le where were such infinite numbers of the Birds called Cahowes which were so fearelesse they might take so many as they would and that admired abundance of fish that the extremity of their hunger and their gluttony was such those heauenly blessings they so consumed and wasted by carelesâ—â—sse and surfetting many of them died vpon those silly Birds that offered themselues to the slaughter which the Gouernour vnderstanding caused them for change of aire to be remoued to Port-royall and a Company of Fishers with a Boat to releeue them with fish but the Gange grew so lazie the poore weaklings still died they that remained killed the Cattle they found in the I le faining the heat caused them to runne into the Sea and so were drowned so that the Gouernour sent againe for them home but some obtained leaue still to liue abroad one amongst the rest hid himselfe in the Woods and liued onely on Wilkes and land Crabs sat and lusty many moneths but most of them being at Saint Georges ordinarily was taken one hundred and fifty or two hundred great fishes daily for their food for want of hookes and lines the Smith made hookes of old swords and lines of old ropes but finding all those poore Engines also decay they sent one of the two Frigats last left with them for England to tell them of this misery All which was now attributed to Master Mores peruersnesse who at first when he got the Amber-Greece had not such a generall applause but now all the worst could possibly be suggested was too good for him yet not knowing for the present how to send a better they let him continue still though his time was neere expired and with all speed sent the Welcome fraught with prouision where shee well arriued and proued her selfe as welcome in deed as in name for all those extremities Master Lewes Hues writeth not one of all those threescore that first beganne this Plantation was dead which shewes it was not impossible but industry might haue preuented a great part of the others sluggish carelesnesse This ship much refreshed this miserable Colony but Master More seeing they sent not for him his time being now expired vnderstanding how badly they reputed him in England and that his imploiment now was more for their owne ends then any good for himselfe resolued directly to returne with this ship Hauing setled all things in the best order he could left the gouernment to the charge of the counsell of six to succeed each other monethly till they had further directions from England whose names were Captaine Miles Kendall Captaine Iohn Mansfield Thomas Knight Charles Caldycot Edward Waters and Christopher Carter with twelue others for their assistances More thus taking leaue of those Ilands arriued in England much wrangling they had but at last they confirmed him according to promise eight shares of Land and so he was dismissed of his charge with shew of fauour and much friendship The rule of the six Gouernors THE first thing they did was casting of lots who should rule first which lot lighted vpon Master Caldicot This last supply somewhat abated the extremitie of their miseries and the better in that their fortifications being finished they had the more leasure to goe abroad with that meanes was brought to that purpose to fish Chard as you haue heard whom all this while More had kept Prisoner they set at libertie now by reason of their former miseries little or nothing could be done yet this Gouernor hauing thus concluded his moneth and prepared a Frigot and two and thirtie men hee imbarked himselfe with two other of his fellow counsellers namely Knight and Waters for the West-Indies to get Fruits and Plants Goats young Cattle and such like But this poore vessell whether
kill any They being a kinde of Iubartes and not the Whale that yeelds Fins and Oile as we expected for our gold it was rather the Masters deuice to get a voyage that proiected it then any knowledge he had at all of any such matter Fish and Furs were now our guard by our late arriuall and long lingring about the Whale the prime of both those seasons were past ere wee perceiued it wee thinking that their seasons serued at all times but we found it otherwise for by the middest of Iune the fishing failed yet in Iuly and August some were taken but not sufficient to defray so great a charge as our stay required of dry fish we made about forty thousand of Cor-fish about seuen thousand Whilest the Sailers fished my selfe with eight others of them might best bee spared ranging the Coast in a small Boat we got for trifles neere eleuen thousand Beuer skinnes one hundred Martins as many Otters and the most of them within the distance of twenty leagues we ranged the Coast both East and West much further but Eastward our commodities were not esteemed they were so neere the French who afforded them better with whom the Saluages had such commerce that only by trade they made exceeding great voyages though they were without the limits of our precincts during the time we tried those conclusions not knowing the coast nor Saluages habitations with these Furres the traine Oile and Cor-fish I returned for England in the Barke where within six moneths after our departure from the Downes wee safely arriued backe the best of this fish was sold for 5. li. the hundred the rest by ill vsage betwixt three pounds and 50. shillings The other ship stayed to fit her selfe for Spaine with the dry fish which was sold at Maligo at forty Rialls the Quintall each hundred weighing two quintals and a halfe But one Thomas Hunt the Master of this ship when I was gone thinking to preuent that intent I had to make there a Plantation thereby to keepe this abounding Countrey still in obscuritie that onely he and some few Merchants more might enioy wholly the benefit of the Trade and profit of this Countrey betraied foure and twenty of those poore Saluages aboord his ship and most dishonestly and inhumanely for their kinde vsage of me and all our men caried them with him to Maligo and there for a little priuate gaine sold those silly Saluages for Rials of eight but this vilde act kept him euer after from any more imploiment to those parts Now because at this time I had taken a draught of the Coast and called it New England yet so long he and his Consorts drowned that name with the Eccho of Cannaday and some other ships from other parts also that vpon this good returne the next yeere went thither that at last I presented this Discourse with the Map to our most gracious Prince Charles humbly intreating his Highnesse hee would please to change their baâ—barous names for such English as posteritie might say Prince Charles was their God-father which for your better vnderstanding both of this Discourse and the Mâ—p peruse this Schedule which will plainly shew you the correspondency of the old names to the new as his Highnesse named them The old names The new names Cape Cod. Cape Iames. The Harbor at Cape Cod. Milforth hauen Chawum Barwick Accomack Plimoth Sagoquas Oxford Massachusets Mount Cheuit hills Massachusits Riuer Charles Riuer Totan Famouth A great Bay by Cape Anne Bristow Cape Tragubigsanda Cape Anne Naembeck Bastable Aggawom Southampton Smiths Iles. Smiths Iles. Passataquack Hull Accominticus Boston Sassanows Mount Snowdon hill Sowocatuck Ipswich Bahanna Dartmouth A good Harbor within that Bay Sandwich Ancociscos Mount Shuters hill Ancocisco The Base Anmonghcawgen Cambridge Kenebecka Edenborow Sagadabock Leth. Pemmayquid S. Iohns towne Segocket Norwich Mecadacut Dunbarton Pennobscot Aberden Nusket Low mounds Those being omitted I named my selfe Monahigan Barties Iles. Matinack Willowbies Iles. Metinacus Haughtons Iles. The rest of the names in the Map are places that had no names we did know But to continue the History succeedingly as neere with the day and yeere as may bee Returning in the Barke as is said it was my ill chance to put in at Plimoth where imparting those my purposes to diuers I thought my friends whom as I supposed were interested in the dead Patent of this vnregarded Countrey I was so encouraged and assured to haue the managing their authoritie in those parts during my life and such large promises that I ingaged my selfe to vndertake it for them Arriuing at London though some malicious persons suggested there was no such matter to be had in that so bad abandoned Countrey for if there had other could haue found it so well as I therefore it was to be suspected I had robbed the French men in New France or Cannada and the Merchants see me forth seemed not to regard it yet I found so many promised me such assistance that I entertained Michael Cooper the Master of the Barke that returned with me and others of the Company how he dealt with others or others with him I know not but my publike proceeding gaue such encouragement that it became so well apprehended by some few of the Virginia Company as those proiects for fishing onely was so well liked they furnished Couper with foure good ships to Sea before they at Plimoth had made any prouision at all for me but onely a small Barke set out by them of the I le of Wight Some of Plimoth and diuers Gentlemen of the West Countrey a little before I returned from New England in search for a Mine of Gold about an I le called Capawuck South-wards from the Shoules of Cape Iames as they were informed by a Saluage called Epenew that hauing deluded theÌ„ as it seems thus to get home seeing they kept him as a prisoner in his owne Countrey and before his friends being a man of so great a stature he was shewed vp and downe London for money as a wonder and it seemes of no lesse courage and authoritie then of wit strength and proportion for so well he had contriued his businesse as many reported he intended to haue surprised the ship but seeing it could not be effected to his liking before them all he leaped ouer-boord Many shot they made at him thinking they had slaine him but so resolute they were to recouer his body the master of the ship was wounded and many of his company And thus they lost him not knowing more what to do returned againe to England with nothing which so had discouraged all your West Countrey men they neither regarded much their promises and as little either me or the Countrey till they saw the London ships gone and me in Plimoth according to my promise as hereafter shall be related I must confesse I was beholden to the setters forth of the foure ships that went with Couper in