Capteynes and by his armye Abowt this tyme the Cardinalls that were in Italy made a mocion that aswell they as the other Cardinalls beyonde the Mountes might assemble together at Auignion to take councell in so troublesom a tyme what coursse to holde for the stabilitie of the Church But because they woulde not all at one tyme raunge them selues vnder the power of so mightye Princes they refused to goe thether though with diuerse excuses By whose example also the Cardinall Saluiatio Legat in the Frenche Court beeing required by the Pope to goe to thEmprour to helpe his affayres at the comming of Don Hugo who according to the capitulacion was to go vp to thEmprour refused to accomplish that legacion as though it had beene a matter hurtfull to deliuer vppe to the power of thEmprour at one tyme so many Cardinalls Onely he sent by one of his seruaunts of credit thinstructions he had receyued from Rome to thAuditor of the chamber resident with thEmprour to th ende he might negociat with him who brought from him very gracious wordes but such as promised a diuerse and vncerteine resolucion And albeit thEmprour could haue desired that the Pope had beene ledde into Spayne yet for that it was a matter full of infamye and greatly tending to incense the king of England And withall for that all the Potentates and prouinces of Spayne and principally the Prelats and Lordes detested not a litle that an Emprour of Rome Protector and Aduocat of the Church should with so great indignitie to all Christendom holde in prison the man in whome was represented the person of Iesus Christ in earth In those regardes he made gracious aunswers to all thEmbassadors which occupied his presence there At whose instance also to goe thorowe with a peace he sayde he was content to referre the action of it to the king of England which was accepted by them And seeming to confirme this good inclinacion with corespondencye of effects he dispatched into Italy the thirde daye of August the generall of the Graye Frears and foure dayes after him Veri de Miglian enhabling both the one and other with commissions sufficient to the Viceroy for the deliuery of the Pope and restitucion of all such townes and castells as had bene taken from him he consented also for the better releeuing of the Pope that his Nuncio should send him a certeine summe of money exacted vppon the collection of his Realmes who in their Courts and parlyaments had refused to contribute money to thEmprour In this time about the ende of Iuly the Cardinall of Yorke passed the sea to Callyce with twelue hundred horse The French king who had great desire to receyue him with all showes of honor sent to meete him at his landing the Cardinal of Lorraine and went afterwardes in personne to Amyens where the Cardinall of Yorke made his entrey the daye after with very greate pompe Wherein one thinge that muche augmented his glorye and reputacion was the treasor he had brought with him amownting to three hundred thowsande crownes bothe to furnishe thexspenses occurringe and to imparte it with the Frenche Kinge by waye of loane if neede were They debated betwene them aswel of matters apperteyning to the peace as of occasions tending to nourish the warre Wherein albeit the ends and intencions of the French king were different from the purposes of the king of England for that to haue his children restored he cared not to leaue abandoned to manifest praye both the Pope and all the state of Italy yet what by the authoritie of the king of England and necessitie of his owne affayres he was driuen to promisse to make no accord with thEmprour without the deliuery of the Pope And therefore thEmprour hauing sent to the king of England the articles of the peace aunswer was made to him by both the kings that they woulde accept the peace vnder condicions of restitucion of the children of Fraunce receyuing for raunsom of them two millions of duckats within a certeine tyme and deliuerye of the Popes person with the state Ecclesiastike together with the conseruacion of all the gouernments and estates of Italy as they were at that present and lastly vnder condicion of an vniuersall and generall peace And bicause the mariage of the French king with the Emprours sister should still continue there was set downe a speciall couenant that thEmprour accepting these articles the Daughter of the king of England should be maryed to the Duke of Orleans But in case the peace succeeded not the king him selfe should take her to wife After these articles were sent they refused to giue safe conduit to a man whome the Emprour required to send into Fraunce aunswering that they had done enough to send him the articles of their resolucion Which being not accepted by thEmprour the peace and confederacion betweene the two kings was sworne and published solemnly the eyght day of August They determined to employ all their forces in the warre of Italy hauing for their principall obiect the deliuerye of the Pope And touching the manner to proceede in that warre they reapposed them selues vppon Monsr Lavvtrech to whome according to the confidence they had in him they gaue absolute power and before he tooke his leaue to depart with his expedicion they suffered him to obteyne of the French king all his demaundes for that the king ment in that warre to set vppe his last rest The Cardinall of Yorke would also that the knight Casalo shoulde goe to the campe on the behalfe of his king and that the thirty thowsande duckats which were his monthly contribucion should be deliuered to him to th ende to be assured if the nūber of Almaines were compleate Thus after the resolucions and directions of the warre were established the Cardinall of Yorke returned and at his departure he dispatched the pronotorye Gambaro to the Pope to induce him to make him his Viccaire generall in England in Fraunce and in Germanye so longe as he was in prison Whereunto though the French king seemed by demonstracions to consent yet secretly and in effect he did impugne so great an ambicion In this meane whyle there passed but very fewe actions and exploytes of warre in Italy thexspectacion of the comming of Lavvtrech being very great The reason was that as the Imperiall armye full of disorder and disobedience to their Capteynes and no lesse chargeable to their friendes and townes that were rendred made no greate mouing and gaue no feare at all to their enemyes so the footebandes of Spanyardes and Italyans fleeing from the infection of the plague laye dispearsed and wandring abowt the confynes of Rome And the Prince of Orenge with an hundred and fiftye horsemen was gonne vppe to Syenna aswell to eschewe the daunger of the plague as to keepe that citie in the deuocion of thEmperour And for the better conteyning the Citie in fidelitie and order he had sent thyther before certeyne bandes of footemen the rather for that
agaynst the Pope Fol. 463. After the taking of Bolognia the French armie returneth to the Duchie of Millan The Councell that vvas to be holden at Pisa agaynst the Pope is transferred to Millan vvhere many stirres happen The Popes armie besiegeth Bolognia The French men take Bressia The battell is giuen at Rauenna The Pope publisheth the Councell at Rome Aftervvardes the affayres of the French begin to decline Fol. 531. The Duke of Ferrara is in great trouble The Medicis returne to Florence The king of Romanes makes alliance vvith the Pope Maxymylian Sforce is put in the possession of the Duchie of Myllan The French king maketh his preparacion to recouer Myllan Pope Iulio dyeth Leo the tenth is created Pope The French men are ouerthrovven neare to Nouaro and the Venetians neare to Vincensa Fol. 602. The king of England makes vvarre vppon the Fr. king The Venetians recouer Fryull The Pope as Arbitrator pronovvnceth peace betvveene them and the king of Romaines king Lovvys the xij dyeth Frauncis the first commeth to the crovvne and discendeth into Italy to reconquer Myllan Fol. 660. The D. of Vrbyn makes an enterprise to recouer his estate out of the handes of Pope Leo The Fr. king makes a league vvith the Pope The conspiracie of Cardinall Petruccio against the Pope is discouered Charles king of Spayne is chosen Emprour Martyn Luther vvriteth against the Pope The Pope putteth to death Iohn Pavvle Baillon Fol. 729. Pope Leo is the cause that the peace continueth not in Italy He ioyneth in league vvith th Emprour against the French king The French king loseth the Duchie of Myllan Pope Leo dyeth Adrian the sixt is created Pope Frauncis Sforce reentreth vppon the Duchie of Myllan Vvarre is made in Tuskane by Ranso de Cero Fol. 777. Pope Adrian comes to Rome The Venetians make league vvith th Emprour The french men beseege Myllan and are constrayned to diuert from it Cardinall Medicis is created Pope King Frauncis discendeth into Italy he taketh Myllan and beseegeth Pauya Themprour sendeth out an army to succour Pauya vvhere a battell is fought and the French king taken prisoner Fol. 838. The Pope is accorded vvith th Emprour Many practises are made for the kings deliuerie Ierom Moron conspireth against the Emprour The fr. king is deliuered out of prison returneth into Fraunce Fol. 9004. The Pope the french king Venetians and Duke of Myllan dravve into league against th Emprour The Duke of Burbon comes co Myllan The army of the league breakes vp from before Myllan The castell of Myllan is rendred to th Imperialls Many enterprises are dressed against the Pope The confederats sende their armies by sea to Genes Rome is surprised by the Colonnois The Pope makes peace vvith th Imperialls vvhich hurteth the deuises of Lombardye The D. of Ferrara is confederat vvith the Emprour Fol. 967. The Duke of Burbon yssueth of Myllan The Viceroy and the Colonnois make vvarre vpon the Pope in the states of the Church The Marquis of Salussa entreth Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdom of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope being abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith the Imperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of England against th Emprour The confederats doe many enterprises Fol. 1034. Lavvtrech beseegeth Naples In the meane vvhile Anth. de Leua taketh Pauya and beseegeth Loda Andre Dore leaueth the pay of the French Lavvtrech dyeth The french breake vp from before Naples Monsr Saint Pol reconquereth Pauya Andre Dore taketh Genovvay The Genovvaies take Sauona and put themselues in libertie Saint Pol is taken by Anth. de Leua Th Emprour falleth to accord vvith the Pope Peace is made at Cambray betvvene the Emprour and French king The Emprour passeth into Italy vvhere the vvarre goeth against the Florentyns and peace is solicited vvith all others Fol. 1103. The Emprour taketh th Imperiall crovvne at Bolognia and from thence passeth into Germany The famulies of Medicis by the ayde of th Emprours army returne to Florence Ferdinand is chosen king of Romaines The Pope vvill not barken to a counsell The French king stirreth vp the Turke against th Emprour hath conference vvith the Pope at Marseilles Fol. 1163. The ende of the contents of the bookes THE ARGVMENT OF THE FIRST BOOKE LODOWYK SFORCE vncle and tutor to Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan fearing least Ferdinand King of Naples would make warre vpon him breaketh of from the league that had bene renewed betwene the sayd Ferdinand Iohn Galeas and the common weale of Florence against the Venetians he procureth the French King Charles the viij to passe into Italy to conquer the kingdom of Naples Pope Alexander the vj. allieth himselfe with the King of Naples The French King hauing ordered th' affayres of the kingdom descendeth into Italy where he taketh many townes Diuerse emotion happen in the kingdom of Naples The Pope is in great perplexitie and trauell Pisa rebelleth against the Florentines The French King entreth into Florence and Rome and from thence passeth to Naples THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE historie and discoursse of Guicciardin HAVING in hand to write the affaires fortunes of Italie I iudged it cōuenient to drawe into discoursse those particularities that most nearest resemble our time and memorie yea euen since the selfe princes of that country calling in the armies of Fraunce gaue the first beginning to so great innouations A matter for the varietie greatnes and nature of suche thinges verie notable and well worthie of memorie and for the heauie accidents hatefull bluddie and horrible for that Italie for many yeres was trauelled with all those sortes of calamities with the which principalities countries and mortall men are wont to bee afflicted aswell by the iuste wroth and hand of God as through the impietie and wickednes of other nations The knowledge of these things so great and diuerse may minister many wholsome instructions aswell to all men generally as to euery one in particular considering that by the trial consent demonstration of so many examples all princes people and patrimonies may see as a sea driuen with diuerse windes to what inconstancie humane things are ordeined how harmefull are the ill measured counsells of princes many times preiudiciall to them selues but alwayes hurtefull to their people and subiects specially when they are vainelie caried awaye either with their singular errours or priuate couetousnes without hauing any impression or remembrance of the ordinary chaunges of fortune whereby turning to the domage and displeasure of others the power which is giuen them for the safetie protection pollicie of the whole they make them selues either by want of discression or too much ambition authours of innouations and new troubles But the better to make knowen the state and condition of Italie at that time together with the occasions of so many afflictions happening it is to be considered that
ambition by so muche lesse is limited the desire of oppression which in mindes corruptly inclined holdes nothing vnlawfull that may serue to thaction pretended nor any thing vnreasonable that agreeth with the humor of their passion in whom this is one natural custome to conuert all things to his owne propertie working The Pope omitting neither meane nor matter that might giue furtherance to his purpose made secret solicitation to Henry the eight then king of Englande to rayse warre agaynst the French king wherein enforcing the memorie of thauncient emulations of those two kingdomes he ioyned to the facilitie of thenterprise this occasion of the felicitie and successe that if he would begin to leauie armes agaynst Fraunce thaction would take imitation in many others to whom the puissance and greatnes of that crowne was either suspected or hated he forgat not to encourage him to embrace with that deuotion which in other times had bin proper to the kings of Englande the glorie that was offred him to be protector and preseruer of the sea Apostolike which without the ayde of his authoritie and reskewe stoode in manifest daunger by thambition of the French king In this practise the king of Aragon did communicate with the Pope but secretly and not really vsing perhaps this moderation of minde not to suffer his desires to be greater then his fortunes But that which was of greatest importance the Pope enterteined still with the Svvizzers the negociations which were begonne by the Bishop of Syon by whose authoritie being great with that nation and perpetuall importunitie labouring their assemblies and councels and preaching in their Churches he obteined at last that the Svvizzers receiuing euery yere a thousande Florins of Rhein for euery Canton shoulde be bounde to the protection of him and the estate of the Churche with permission to the Pope for his defence agaynst all men that would vex him to leauie certayne proportions of footmen The occasion that moste helped forwarde this matter and made his request more easie and plausible was the disagreement that began to kindle betweene them and the Frenche king For the Svvizzers being of nature proude and weening became more raysed and lifted vp in minde by the estimation that others had of them and chalenging to them selues peculiarly the glorie of the French victories were caried into this presuming that all the conquests and honorable actions which eyther the king raigning or his predecessor had obteined in Italie proceeded principally of their valour and the feare of their armes And therevpon insisting vppon merites as though the crowne of Fraunce ought much to them they demaunded the French king soliciting to make renouation of thalliance that nowe was determined that he would augment their pensions being then threescore thousand frankes by yere ouer and aboue the mercenarie contributions which were secretly dispearsed amongst priuat persons pensions which had ben begon vnder Lovvis the eleuenth and continued vnto the present time But for that they accompanied their demaundes with a presumptuous audacitie which the king construed to manifest insolencie and for that of paisantes and mountayne men suche was his phrase they sought imperiously to impose and taxe him being a king he began so to shake them of with wordes and countenaunces that they might discerne how muche he disdayned them more respecting hys dignitie royall then regarding the present vtilitie of things He was the more induced to this for that at the same season by the solicitation of George Sopressan the peoples of the valleys subiects of Sion who were gouerned in seuen communities which they call courtes being corrupted by publike promises and priuate pensions were not onely confederate with him but also bounde to giue passage to his people and refuse it to his enemies and withall to enter into his payes with such numbers of footmen as their forces were hable to beare In the same sort did enter confederacie with him the Lordes of the three leagues whom they call the Grisons and albeit one part of the men of the valley had not yet approued it the king was not without hope to induce them to ratification by the selfe same meanes In so muche as he began to perswade him selfe that the amitie of the Svvizzers was nowe no more necessarie to him hauing determination to supplye his warres with Almain footmen ouer and besides those proportions of souldiours whiche the valley men and Grisons should furnishe him of Besides he feared little their stirres or preparations and lesse exspectation that they were hable to assayle the duchie of Millan but by the straites of Ballinsona and other passages of great difficultie through the which if they should march in great trowpes and numbers he made his reckoning that they would be easily reduced into necessitie of vittels by a small armie And if they came but in small companies a slender strength woulde likewise suffice to make them retyre Wherein he made his coniectures at random and seemed to lymit the fortunes of them whose forces he yet knewe not flattering himselfe with his proper greatnes An humor preiudicially mouing in Princes in whom there ought to be no parcialitie of comparison when there is question of enterprise and action But because he stoode resolute not to graunt them augmentation of pensions he coulde not obteine in their councells a renouation of thalliance notwithstanding there were manye euen in the middest of them who did earnestly perswade it to whom in particular were retributed no small rewardes And for that cause they consented more easily to the confederation which was demaunded of them by the Pope By which newe confederation the Pope seeming to haue laied a great fundation for thaduauncing of his purposes and hauing a perpetuall nature to proceede in all thinges as supreme and soueraigne aboue all men and as though the whole world were in necessitie to receiue lawes of him he began to sowe seedes of newe controuersies with the Duke of Ferrara eyther pushed on by the cause that was in disputation betweene them or els by an auncient hatred for that hauing receiued of him so many honors benefites and gratifications he seemed neuerthelesse to depende more vpon the French king then vpon him A dealing whiche he construed preiudicially and farre contrarie to the recompence of his merites But whatsoeuer was the cause searching a beginning of the quarrell he commaunded imperiously Alfonso Duke of Ferrara to forbeare to continue the working of salt at Comacchio he alleaged that it was not reasonable that that which was not lawfull to him when the Venetians helde Ceruia should nowe haue suffraunce being possessed by the sea Apostolike to whom apperteined the absolute gouernment of Ferrara and Comacchio Besides it was a matter of great profite for that the working ceassing at Comacchio the saltpittes of Ceruia ministred traffike to all the townes thereaboutes But Duke Alphonso who reapposed more in the coniunction which he had with the French king and in his protection then he feared
and made weake by the minoritie of their king who was gouerned by Priestes and the Barons of the Realme Others were of opinion that he had addressed all his thoughtes to thinuasion of Italie taking his encouragement vpon the discord of the Potentates and naturall princes whom he knewe to be muche shaken with the long warres of those regions To this was ioyned the memorie of Mahomet his grandfather who with a power farre lesse then his and with a small Nauie sente vppon the coastes of the Realine of Naples had wonne by assault the Citie of Otronto and sauing he was preuented by death had bothe opened the waye and established the meane to persecute the regions of Italie with continuall vexacions So that the Pope together with the whole Courte of Rome beeing made astonished with so greate successe and no lesse prouident to eschewe so great a daunger making their firste recourse to the ayde and succour of God caused to bee celebrated through Rome moste deuoute inuocations whiche he dyd assiste in presence bare foote And afterwardes calling vppon the helpe of men he wroate letters to all Christian Princes bothe admonishing them of the perill and perswading them to laye asyde all ciuill discordes and contentions and attende speedily to the defence of religion and their common safetie whiche he affirmed woulde more and more take encrease of most grieuous daunger if with the vnitie of mindes and concordances of forces they sought not to transferre the warre into thempire of the Turkes and inuade thenemie in his owne countrey Vpon this aduise and admonition was taken the examinacion and opinion of men of warre and persons skilfull in the discouerie of countreys the disposing of prouinces and of the nature and vsage of the forces and weapons of that kingdome and therevpon a resolucion being set downe to make great leauyes of money by voluntarie contribucions of Princes and vniuersall impostes of all people of Christendome it was thought necessarie that Caesar accompanied with the horsemen of Hungaria and Pollonia Nations warlike and practised in continuall warres agaynst the Turke and also with the footmen of Germanie should sayle along Danubi into Bossina called aunciently Misia and from thence to Thracia and so to drawe neare Constantinople the seate of the Empire of the Ottomanes That the Frenche king with all the forces of his kingdome the Venetians and the other potentates of Italie accompanied with the infanterie of Svvizzerlande should passe from the port of Brindisi in Albania a passage very easie and short to inuade Grece a contrey full of Christian inhabitantes and for the intollerable yoke of the Turkes moste ready to rebell That the kings of Spayne of Englande and Portugall assembling their forces together in Cartagenia and the portes thereaboutes should take their course with two hundred shippes full of Spanishe footemen and other souldiors to the straite of Galipoli to make roades vp to Constantinople hauing first subdued the Castles and fortes standing vpon the mouth of the straite And the Pope to take the same course embarking at Antona with an hundred shippes armed With these preparacions seeming sufficient to couer the lande and ouerspread the sea it was thought that of a warte so full of deuocion and pyetie there coulde not be but hoped a happie ende specially adding the inuocation of God and so many seuerall inuasions made at one tyme agaynst the Turkes who make their principall fundacion of defence to fight in the playne fielde These matters were solicited with no small industrie and to stoppe all matter of imputacion agaynst thoffice of the Pope the mindes of Princes were throughly sounded and an vniuersal truce for fiue yeres betwene all the Princes of Christendome published in the consistory vpon payne of most grieuous censure to suche as should impugne it So that the negociacion cōtinuing for all things apperteining to so great an enterprise he assigned Embassadors to all Princes to the Emperour he sent the Cardinall S. Sisto to the Frenche king he dispatched the Cardinall of S. Maria in Portico the Cardinall Giles to the king of Spayne and the Cardinall Campeius to the king of Englande All Cardinalles of authoritie eyther for their experience in affayres or for opinion of their doctrine or for their familiaritie with the Pope All which things albeit they were begonne with greate hope and exspectacion And the vniuersall truce accepted of all men And all men with no litle ostentacion and brauerie of words made shewe of their readines with their forces to aduaunce so good a cause yet what with the consideracion of the perill esteemed vncerteine and farre of and extending more to one Prince then to an other And what by the difficulties long tract of time that appeared to introduce a zeale and vnion so vniuersall priuat interests and respects perticular seemed to preuayle more then the pietie of the expedicion Insomuch as the negoclacion stoode not onely naked of all hope and yssue but also it was followed very lightly and as it were by ceremonie this beeing one propertie in the nature of men that those things which in their beginnings appeare fearefull doe daily take such degrees of diminucion and vanishing that onles the first feares be reuiued by new accidents they leade men in processe of tyme to securitie which propertie of negligence both touching the affayres publike affection of priuate and perticular men was well confirmed by the death that succeeded not longe after to Selym who hauing by a longe maladie suspended the preparacions of the warre was in the ende consumed by the passions of his disease and so passed into the other life leauing so greate an Empire to Solyman his sonne young in yeares and iudged to beare a witte and minde not so disposed to the warres although afterwardes theffectes declared the contrarie At this tyme appeared betweene the Pope and the Frenche kinge A moste greate and strayght coniunction for the kinge gaue to wife to Lavvrence his Nephewe the Ladye Magdaleyne noblye descended of the bludde and house of Bolognia with a yearely reuenue of tenne thowsande crownes whereof parte was of the kinges gifte and the residue rising of her owne patrimonye Besides the kinge hauing borne to him a sonne the Pope requyred that in his Baptisme he woulde impose vppon him his name By which occasion Lavvrence making preparacions to goe to marye his newe wife for his more speede performed his iorney by poste into Fraunce where he was receiued with many amities and much honor of the king to whom he became very gracious of deare accompt the rather for that besides other general respects he made a dedication of him selfe wholly to the king with promise to follow in all accidents his fortune he brought also to the king a writ or warrant from the Pope by the which he graunted to him that till the moneyes collected of the tenthes and by other meanes of contribucion were expended vppon the holy warre against the Turkes he might
man troubled not a litle the Pope who was so much the more aggreued against him by howe much his dissembled demonstracions had beguiled him And in that iust discontentment he was vehemently furthered by the incitacion of the Duke of Sesso and Cardinall Medicis by whose industries he was committed to the castell S. Ange and afterwards examined by Iudges delegate as guiltie in the crime of violacion of the Popes maiestie for that he had incensed the french king to inuade with hostilitie the Iland of Sicile A free hold of the sea Apostolike Wherein albeit they proceded with lenitie and fauor and after the actes of interogatories he had libertie of councell to pleade for him yet they proceeded not with the same moderacion against his goods since the same day he was apprehended the Pope sent to make seasure of all the moueables and riches that were in his house And as one conspiracie reuealeth an other so by thimprisonment of the sayd Imperialo there was discouered an other detection for the French king in Sicile for the which were executed by iustice the Count Camerato the maister of the ports and the Treasorer The veritie consideracion of these matters insinuated in the Pope a great displeasure against the French king in which ill disposed inclinacion he began to consult more and more with Cardinall Medicis And lastly the rumor of the discending of the french armies redoubling daily the Pope published manifestly his intencion to oppose against them for which cause he summoned the assembly of the Cardinalls to whom after his accustomed protestacions of the present feares and daungers of the great Turke he declared that as onely the French king was the cause why so great perills were not remoued from Christendom for that he refused with great obstinacy to consent to the peace that was negociated So seeing it apperteyned to him as the Viccaire of Iesus Christ and successor to Peter to be carefull ouer the preseruacion of Christian peace he was compelled by that zeale which he oweth to their vniuersall safetie to confederat him selfe with such Princes as did what they could to defend Italy from troubles for that of the quiet or trouble of that region depended the tranquillitie or vexacion of the whole Christian parte of the worlde According to this declaracion concurring with the industrie of the Viceroy of Naples beeing come to Rome for that purpose a league was concluded for the defence of Italie the thirde daye of August betweene the Pope themperour the king of Englande tharchduke of Austria the Duke of Millan the Genovvaies and the Cardinal Medicis and thestate of Florence ioyntly The publication bare also that it should continue all the time of the confederates lyues and a yere after the death of euery of them There was reseruacion of place and tyme for any other to come in so that the Pope themprour and the king of Englande thought good with this prouision that in matters of quarrell and controuersie they should vse iustice and not armes That they shoulde erect an armie to be opposed agaynst whom so euer would inuade any of the confederates to which armie the Pope shoulde sende two hundred men at armes themperour eight hundred the Florentins two hundred the Duke of Millan two hundred and two hundred light horsemen That the Pope the Emprour and the Duke of Millan should make all the prouisions of artilleries municions together with al exspences and charges apperteining That to leauy the bands of footmen necessary for tharmy to furnish al other exspences requisite for the warre the Pope should pay euery moneth xx thousand duckets the duke of Millan as much the Florētins the like summe That the Emperour should pay xxx thousand the Genovvaies Lucquois and Siennois together ten thousand and the Genovvaies notwithstanding to remaine bound to the army by sea and other defraimentes necessary for their defence To this contribucion they should be all bounde for three monethes and so muche tyme ouer the three monethes as should be set downe by the Pope themprour and the king of Englande That it should be in the power of the Pope and themprour to name the capteine generall of the whole warre who it was sayde should fall vppon the person of the Viceroy of Naples for whom the Cardinall Medicis whose authoritie was great with thimperialls labored what he coulde chiefly for the hatred he bare to Prosper Colonno The Marquis of Mantua was ioyned to this confederacion by an indirect meane for that the Pope and the Florentins interteyned him for their Capteine generall at their common pay But neither the league made by the Venetians with themperour nor the vnion of so many great Princes contracted with so ample contribucions and great prouisions could alter the resolucion of the French king who being come to Lyons prepared to passe in person with a strong army into Italie where the brute of his comming was no sooner spred then newe tumultes began to appeare for Lionell the brother of Albert Pio recouered by surprise the towne of Carpy being negligently garded by Iohn Coscia whom Prosper had created gouernor there which he might do of good authoritie for that thempror had giuen that towne to him after he had deposed Albert for his offence of rebellion to thempire But in the duchie of Millan there was like to haue chaunced a greater accident both more terrible for the property for the person of greater preiudice This is the discourse of it Frauncis Sforce riding frō Monce to Millan vpon a litle Mulet causing the horsemen that were for his gard to ride farre frō him to auoyd the trouble of the dust that in sommer time the traine of horses makes to rise in great abundance through all the playnes of Lombardie Boniface Visconto a yong gentleman better knowne by the noblenes of his house then for his wealth estates or other condicions offred him selfe onely to accompany the Duke being well mounted vpon a Turkishe horse and as they came riding together vpon a particion of a way Boniface being somewhat slipt behind obseruing the oportunitie of the place and the distance of the Dukes trayne spurred his horse and ranne in a mayne race with his dagger drawne to strike the Duke on the head But what with the feare of the Mulet shrinking with the noyse of his horse and the fiercenesse of his horse whom he could not stoppe together with the difference of the height of his horse from the Dukes mulet the blowe that he made at the Dukes head swarued and fell vppon his shoulders and afterwardes drawing his sworde to accomplishe the execution the same impedimentes made it vayne or at least the hurt was light beeing but a blowe slentwise By this tyme manye of the horsemen making in to the Dukes reskewe he fell to flying hoping to shake off by hys fortune the daunger that by his vallour he was falne into Many of the horsemen of the Dukes garde had him
lodging of souldiours Their custom in times of warre before ronning in a coursse of greater humanitie and facilitie made the yoke of this innouacion more heauy to them In which respect looking into their owne estate both to be mighty in numbers and armes and remembring the lawe and obligacion of their freedom and libertie they beganne to murmure as men not able any longer to endure so great insolencie and moste greeuous exactions And therefore to make some honest way to be deliuered or at least to reduce them to some comely moderacion the towne of Myllan sent Embassadors to thEmprour who brought from him no other expedicion then words generall and that without any remedie to their afflictions The towne of Myllan principally and ouer and besides all the other townes of the Duchy being charged according to his proporcion with a greater number of souldiers then the other townes was also taxed to prouide money for expenses publike such as were set downe by the Capteines for the conseruacion of thEmprours things the Ministers of which exaction proceded with no lesse rigour and seueritie then the others for remedy of which aggreuances since by solicitacion they could neither be easied nor pitied the people pushed on with the impressions of men in a desperate state determined to resist with their weapons in hande those fore exactions which the iniquitie of the warre had layed vppon them to eate them vp They gaue order that whosoeuer were oppressed by the cruelty of the exactors should call vpon his neighbours to come to his defence who together with the vniuersall multitude of all the residue should ronne at the commaundement of certeine chieftaines assigned in many partes of the citie to resist the furie of the Officers and represse the insolencie of the souldiours that should rise in their fauor After this order and direction was established amongest them the first experience sell vppon a Marchant of retayle who being vexed by the Collectors of the exactions stirred vp for his defence his neighbours who calling to the alarme a great part of the populars the whole towne was forthwith in a tumult which by the diligence of Antho de Leua and the good office of the Marquis of Guast and other of the principall gentlemen of Myllan was eftsoones reappeased But vnder this condicion and promisse that the Capteines had assured the people to rest contented with the publike reuenues and would not laye vppon them other imposicions nor bringe into the towne other bands of souldiers This was an accord but for a very short tyme since it endured no longer then till the day following for the people hauing aduertisement that new regiments of souldiers approached neare the towne they fell againe into armes but both in a greater tumult and better gouerned and with a greater assistance of the people then the day before yea what with the rage of the populars which in their furie is daungerous and what with their well ordering of the vprore being taught by thexample of the daye before The Capteines fearing not to be hable to resiste so great a furie were vpon the poynt to goe out of the towne with their bandes A matter which in deede the humor of their feare had drawne them to do if the people with a setled resolution had marched on to be reuenged of them and their souldiours But as in tumultes and popular vprores there is alwayes something of imperfection and that aswell by the propertie of the action which holdeth of disobedience and rebellion as by the ignorance of the leaders who for the most parte haue more passion then reason So first of all they wente without all order or skill to sacke the olde Court a place where laye the Capteine of Criminall iustice with certayne bandes of footemen making their beginning with that which should haue bene the laste acte of their execution A matter whiche gaue no litle life and aduauntage to th imperiall Capteines who in that oportunitie omitted not to fortefie their straytes and places of accesse and reuoking from the siege the most parte of the footmen that kept the Castel enuironed they assembled al into one strength to make head agaynst the people if they offred to inuade them By that occasion the besieged within the Castell made a sally out to set vpon the ramparts caste on that side within But when they saw the people made not on to their succours they retyred eftsoones into the Castell leauing vnperfect the enterprise which with due execution would haue done muche to haue established their libertie The people partly for want of experience in actions of warre and partely for the care of the pillage they had made at the olde Court did not onely omit to do that which apperteined but also began to breake and seperate them selues euery one beeing more mindefull to preserue the praye he had made then to followe further the victorie which their fortune offred to them By which occasion the Capteines of the army concurring the ayde of certayne gentlemen of the towne reappeased eftsones this tumult with promise to leade out of the towne and contrey of Millan all the souldiours except those bandes of launceknightes which helde the Castell besieged In this sort the Capteines and men of warre by their pollicie and industrie quenched a daungerous fyre which the furie of the people had kindled in their rashnes and rightly skorned their disorders and ignorance to manage armes and weapons errours which familiarly do followe a communaltie drawne into mutinie hauing no leaders of experience and vallour But by these appeasementes and accordes all intelligences were not broken and muche lesse layde downe the armes of the people but retayning still many tokens of a disposition to stirre vp a greater emotion it seemed that who so euer would take vpon him to trouble th affayres of themprour neede not want a fitte occasion considering principally both the small forces and other great difficulties which thimperialls had and also that in the laste warres the wonderfull vallour of the people of Millan and of other townes expressed in their fauor had bene a great fundation for the defence of that estate These were the tearmes and estate of the affayres of Italy when were brought out of Fraunce the reapports of the ready disposition and offers of the king together with his request for the sending of Commissions And at the same time thembassadours of the king of Englande resident with the Pope laboured to induce him by reasons and perswasions to deuise howe to moderate the greatnes of themperour and to encourage the Frenche king not to obserue the capitulation By reason of which inducementes accompanied with thauthoritie and inclinations of their princes not onely the Venetians who in all times and in farre lesser occasions had giuen counsell to take armes but also the Pope notwithstanding his harde disposition to enter into that trauell iudged nowe that by necessitie he was to reduce and gather together the summe of all
great will and readynes to finde the armie with intention and hope to be created Capteine generall But beeinge aryued at Rome whither he passed vnder safeconduit of the Capteines of the armie he founde no good inclination in the Launceknightes and Spaniardes who after the death of the Duke of Burbon had elected to that place the Prince of Orange By reason of whiche preuention together with the yll disposition of the armie continuing he had no reason to abyde at Rome And yet as he went towardes Naples he was encountred in the waye by the Marquis of Guast Don Hugo and Capteine Alarcon by whose counsells he returned eftsones to Rome Neuerthelesse for that he was not agreable to the armye he bare no more authoritie neyther in the affayres of the warre nor in the negociation of accorde with the Pope Who beeing by his aduersitie made naked of all helpe present and lesse exspectation to be reskewed where was so great want of vallour and order was dryuen to runne the race of his fortune compounding the sixth day of Iune with the Imperialles almost vnder the same conditions with the which he mighte haue accorded before That the Pope should pay to the Armie foure hundred thousande duckets in this order one hundred thousande presently to be defrayed of the golde money and treasure reserued in the Castell fiftie thousande within twentie dayes and two hundred and fiftie thousande within two monethes Assigning to him for these defraymentes an imposte of money to be charged vpon the whole Church state That he should deliuer into the power of themprour to reteyne them so long as he thought good the Castell Saint Angeo the Rockes of Ostia of Ciuitavecchia and of Ciuita Castellano together with the Cities of Parma Plaisanca and Modena That the Pope together with all those Cardinalls that were with him which were thirteene in number should remayne prisoners within the Castell vntill the firste payment of an hundred and fiftie thousande duckets were satisfied That afterwards they should goe to Naples or to Caietta to exspect what themprour would determine of them That for assurance of the paymentes whereof the thirde parte apperteined to the Spaniardes he should deliuer in for ostages the Archbishops of Siponto and Pisa the Bishoppes of Pistoia and Verona together with Iames Saluiatio Simon de Ricasola and Lavvrence brother to Cardinall Rodolffo That Ranso de Cero Albert Pio Oratio Baillon the knight Casalo thembassadour of Englande with all others that were saued within the Castell except the Pope and the Cardinalles shoulde departe in suretie That the Pope should giue absolution to the Colonnois of the censures they had incurred And that when he shoulde bee ledde out of Rome a Legate shoulde remayne there for him with authoritie to dispose and administer iustice Assoone as this accorde was passed Capteine Alarcon entred within the Castell with three bandes of Spanishe footemen and three companies of Launceknights who because there was put vppon him the confidence and deputation to garde the Castell and the Pope he perfourmed it with a very strayte and seuere watche suche as shutte vp from the prisoners almoste all libertie But touching the other castells and townes promised they were not so easily consigned for that as the Castell of Ciuitavecchia was kepte and defended in the name of the Confederates so Andrea Dore notwithstanding he had receyued warrant and commaundement from the Pope refused to deliuer vp the Castell of Ciuita Castellano vnlesse he were firste satisfied of foureteene thousande duckets which he sayde were due to him for his paye Iulian Leno a Romaine was sent to Parma and Plaisanca in the Popes name and Lodovvike Count of Lodron accompanied in the name of the Capteines with commaundement to those Cities to obey the will of themprour notwithstanding the Pope had giuen them secrete aduertisement to the contrarie And accordingly those Cities abhorring the iurisdiction of the Spaniardes refused to receyue them Touching them of Modena they stoode not in their owne power for that the Duke of Ferrara letting not passe any occasion whiche the calamities of the Pope offred him threatned them to ouerrunne and waste all their corne whiche was nowe type by whiche compulsion he constrayned them to render vp the towne to hym the sixt of Iune not without the infamie of Count Lodovvike Rangon who notwithstanding the Duke had but a small strength with him lefte the towne abandoned without making any signe of resistance In this action the Duke respected not the authoritie of the Venetians who perswaded him to attempt or innouate nothing agaynst the Church in such troubled times And yet they themselues enterteyning intelligence with the Guelffes of Rauenna after they had sent certeine bands of footemen vnder cooller to defende the towne for feare of those of Cotignola conuerted to themselues the iurisdiction possession of that city and vnder the same cloke tooke the castell after thay had made secret slaughter of the capteine publishing that they would holde it in the name of the whole league Not many dayes after they possessed thēselues of Ceruia the saltes that were there apperteining to the Pope whose estates being neither garded nor defended further then the people and inhabitantes for their own interests stoode in defence of their places and libertie Sigismond Malatesta with the same facilitie seased vpon the towne and castell of Rimini The affayres of the Pope proceeded with no better course in the citie of Florence where when the accidence and losse of Rome was related to them the Cardinall Cortono whose feare was farre greater then his assurance resolued to giue place to necessitie and fortune He sawe he was abandoned of those partakers and Citizens who made profession to be friendes to the house of Medicis he sawe there remeyned no meane for him to leauy money without vsing meanes violent and extraordinary And lastly lacking deuocion to employe his owne purse at least till he saw a further euent and yssue of the armies who were marched to succour the Pope he stoode possessed with passions of feare and cowardisse and gaue skoape to the aduersities of the towne without laying to his hande to restrayne or moderat the vniuersall perill In which disposicion after he had made an assembly of the Citizens together he deposed vnto them the free administracion of the common weale hauing before obteined certeine priuileages and exempcions together with faculty to the Popes Nephewes to remeyne at Florence as Citizens priuat being clearly absolued and pardoned of all things past which they had committed ioyntly or seuerally against the estate Vppon the conclusion of which graunts the sixt daye of May he went to Lucquay with the Popes Nephewes where reprehending and repenting his departure in so greate timerousnes he practised to reteyne to him selfe the castells of Pysa and Lyuorna beeing already in the handes of Capteines of the Popes confidence who neuerthelesse hauing no hope of succours by reason of the Popes captiuity and
of the deathe of the Duke of Burbon And lastly the Frenche kinge not holding it good pollicye to suffer the thinges of Italy so to declyne he contracted the fiftenth daye of Maye with the Venetians that they shoulde wage in common tenne thowsande Svvyzzers he to furnishe the first paye and the Venetians the seconde and so forwarde according to that rule That he shoulde sende into Italy tenne thowsande Frenche men vnder Peter Nauarre That in lyke sorte the Venetians ioyntly with the Duke of Myllan shoulde wage tenne thowsande footemen Italyans That he shoulde fende thether a newe supplye of fiue hundred launces and eyghteene peeces of artilleries And bicause the king of England notwithstanding tharticles of the contract shewed no greate readines to make warre beyonde the Mountes A dealing which was not very agreable to the French king They dispensed with that obligacion and in place of that they couenanted That the king of England to furnishe the warre of Italy shoulde defraye the paye of tenne thowsande footemen for six monethes full And at the speciall instance of the sayde kinge of England Monsr de Lavvtrech almoste agaynst his will was declared Capteine generall of the whole armye during whose preparacion to marche and passe with conuenient prouisions of money and other thinges necessarye there was nothinge done in Italy that was of any consequence for bothe thEmprours armye styrred not out of Rome notwithstanding that many perished dayly by the rage of the plague which at that tyme ranne also with greate mortalitye in Florence and through many partes of Italy And also the armye of the league into which at thinstance of the Marquis of Salusso and the Venetians the Florentyns were entred of newe with obligacion to defraye fiue thowsande footemen wherewith thEmprour felt him selfe greeuously offended for that hauing at their instance giuen to the Duke of Ferrara authoritie to compownd in his name was almost assoone aduertised of their contrary deliberacion This armye beeing greatly diminished in numbers for that the regiments of the Venetians of the Marquis and the Svvyzzers were yll payed was retyred towardes Viterba And looking altogether to temporise and enterteyne they labored to holde in the deuocion of the league Perousa Orbieta Spoleto with other places thereabowts And afterwardes hauing vnderstandinge in that place that one parte of thEmprours armye was yssued out of Rome somewhat to take breathe with the largenes and skoape of ayre fearing least the residue shoulde doe the lyke after the first payments were made they retyred to Orbietta and afterwardes neare to the borowe of Pyeua And in that inclinacion they had retyred vppon the landes of the Florentyns if they would haue giuen consent In this rage of the plague the castell of Saint Angeo was visited to the great daunger of the life of the Pope abowt whom dyed certeine speciall men that did seruice to his person who amyd so many afflictions and aduersities and no other hope remeyning to him then in the clemencie of thEmprour appoynted for Legat with the consent of the Capteines Cardinall Alexander of Farneso who notwithstanding being yssued out of the castell and Rome refused vnder that occasion to goe in the sayd legacion The Capteines desired to cary the person of the Pope with the thirteene Cardinals that were with him to Caietto but he labored against that resolucion with greate diligence peticions and arte At last Monsr de Lavvtrech after he had giuen order to thinges necessary departed from the Court the last of Iune with eyght hundred launces and honored with the title of Capteine generall of the whole league And the king of England in place to present tenne thowsand footemen was taxed to paye in money for euery moneth beginning the first of Iune the summe of xxx thowsand duckats Which money should be conuerted to the payment of tenne thowsand launceknights vnder Monsr Vavvdemont which was a regiment of very good exercise and practise for that they had many times broken the bands of the Lutherans The French king tooke also to his paye Andre Dore with eyght gallyes and xxxvj crownes for euery yeare But before Monsr Lavvtrech was past the Mounts the regiments of the Venetians and the Duke of Myllan ioyned together marched to Marignan whome Antho. de Leua yssuing out of Myllan with eyght hundred Spanyards and the like number of Italyans together with a very fewe horsemen constrayned them to retyre About which tyme Iohn Iames de Medicis Captaine of Mus who was in pay with the French king and exspected vppon the lake the comming of the Svvyzzers made him selfe Lord by suttle meanes vppon the castell of Monguzzo seated betwene Lecqua and Coma wherein dwelt Alexander Bentyuolo as in his owne house for the recouering of it Antho. de Leua sent thether Lodovvyk de Belioyense who hauing assalted it in vaine turned to Monceo But afterwards Antho. de Leua hauing espiall that the sayd Capteine Mus with two thowsand fiue hundred footemen was come to the village of Carato foureteene myles from Myllan returned to Myllan where leauing onely two hundred men notwithstanding the Venetians were almost ten thowsand and yssuing out by night with the rest of the armye he charged suddeinly vppon the rising of the Sunne the bands of Capteine Mus who at the alarme leauing their houses wherein they were lodged they retyred into a playne place enuyroned with hedges not farre from the village not thinking that all the bands were there And albeit they cast them selues into order yet by the disaduauntage of the place beeing lowe and strayted as a prison they fell all without any resistance into the calamitye of the sworde or prisoners except many who in the beginning sought their sauetye by fleeing taking their example of the Capteine In this meane while ThEmprour had aduertisement of the Popes captiuitie by letters which his high Chauncellor wrote to him from Monaco as he went into Italy whether he was sent by his authoritie And albeit by his speeches and outward forme of behauior he expressed how greeuous that accident was to him yet it was discerned by his secrete mocions and affections that he was not muche discontented with it which he well declared in publike demonstracions not forbearing to followe the feastes and torneyes begonne before for the byrthe of his Sonne But as the deliuerie of the Pope was vehemently desired by the king of England and Cardinall of Yorke and for their authoritie no lesse displeasing to the French kinge who in case he coulde otherwayes haue recouered his children woulde haue taken litle care and greefe for the calamities of the Pope and vniuersall domages of all Italy So in a cause so generally inducing to compassion bothe the one and the other king sent Embassadors to thEmprour to demaunde the deliuerance of the Pope as a matter apperteyning in common to all the Princes Christian and particularly due by the Emprour vnder whose faith he had beene reduced to that estate of miserye by his
all that to consigne vnto the Duke of Ferrara Modena which he had deteyned in deputacion till that daye leauing them to decyde afterwards the differences betweene them So that by reason of that dealing there was not for many moneths betwene the Pope and the Duke of Ferrara neither an open warre nor an assured peace the Popelying alwayes in watche to oppresse him with conspiracies and surprise or els to exspect the occasion to heape against him an open warre with the supportacion of greater Princes This yeare of 1531. brought forth no other accidents and the tranquillitie also went on continuing for the yeare following A yeare more daungerous for forreine warres then for the emocions of Italy for the Turke beeing kindled with the ignominie of his repulse at Vienna and no lesse vnderstanding howe thEmprour was intangled in Germany prepared a right huge and great armye wherein boasting insolently of his forces he let not to publish that his intencion was to constraine thEmprour to come to battell with him By the rumor and renowme of which preparacions both the Emprour put him selfe in as good order as he could reuoking into Germany the Marquis of Guast with his Spanish regiments and a great band of horsemen and footemen Italyans And the Pope promised to contribute to him a defraiment of forty thowsand duckats for euery moneth sending for the same expedicion as Legat Apostolike his Nephew the Cardinall of Medicis And lastly the Princes and free townes of Germany prepared in fauor of thEmprour and for the common defense of Germany A very huge and mighty army But the effects aunswered nothing the renowme and the feare for Solyman who for the greatnes of his preparacions and difficultie and distance of the way could not enter into Hungarie but verie late did not drawe directlie with his armie where thEmperour was but exhibiting onely a show of warre together with certeine bragging Caualcadoes and braueries of horsemen he returned to Constantinople leauing the enterprise vnperfect for want of vallour which he had induced and managed with so mightie preparacions Neither did thEmperour shew any greater deuocion or readines seeing that when he vnderstood the Turkes drew neare much lesse that he made out to meete them seeing vppon their retyring he omitted to pursue with all his forces the faire occasion that was offered him to reconquer Hungarie for his brother Onely yeelding to his importunate desire to go into Spaine he gaue order that certeine bands of Spanish footemen some regiments of Launceknightes should be conuerted to thenterprise of Hungarie But that order was immediatlie disordered by the insolent behauiours of thItalians who pushed on by certeine their Captaines disdaining that the authority and conduit of the enterprise was giuen to others and not to them so mutined That hauing no reason to alleage for their tumult and the presence of the Emperour who went thither to appease them being not sufficient to conteine them They tooke resolutely and vniuersally their way into Italie in which disorder they marched with great hast for feare to be followed and in their way with minds malicious they burned many villages and houses in reuenge as they said of the burnings wasting committed in many places in Italie by the Launceknights ThEmperour also returned by the way of Italie and where he had set downe in what order and by what places should passe his Court and all his trayne The Cardinall Medicis caried with humors and passions of youth would not obey the order generallie giuen to all the traine but in his insolencie respecting lesse the Emperours order then his owne ambicious will he aduaunced and gotte before together with Peter Maria Rossa vppon whom chiefly was layed the fault of that sedicion This bred no litle indignacion in thEmperour either for that he imputed the beginning and discourse of the matter to the Cardinall or else he feared least the Cardinall standing ill contented that Alexander his cossin was preferred to the administracion of thestate of Florence would goe after the bandes of Italians to lead them to trouble the affaires of Tuskane In which regard he caused to be apprehended by the way the Cardinall and with him Peter Maria Rossa But after he had better considered of thimportaunce of the matter he wrote letters for the redeliuerie of the Cardinall to whome as well as to the Pope he protested many excuses Onely Peter Maria remeyned prisoner though not long after he was released working greatlie for him with thEmperour the iniurie which it seemed he had done to the Cardinall The retyring of the Turke deliuered the regions of Italie of a great warre that threatned to fall vpon them for where the Frenche king and king of England with mindes full of emulacion against thEmperour had an enteruiewe and conference together betwene Calice and Bolleyne where taking their groundes that the Turke would abide that winter in Hungarie and hold intangled the forces of thEmperour They consulted that the French king vnder that oportunitie should inuade the Duchie of Millan and hauing a disposicion to draw the Pope to their parte by violence and astonishment whom they could neuer allure by other meanes they deuised to take from him the obedience of their kingdoms in case he would not cōsent to that which they desired of him which was for the action of Millan for the French king for the king of England to giue sentence on his side in the cause of diuorce And to relate their intencions they were determined to sende to him with sharpe commissions the Cardinalls of Tournon and Tarbes both which bare no small authoritie with the Frenche king But the newes which they receiued of the retyring of the Turke before the time of their enteruiew was determined did not onely well moderate those deuises and their seuerities but were also the cause that the king of England would not suffer to passe to Calyce the Lady Anne Bulleine to celebrate mariage with her publikely in that assembly Notwithstanding that both the cause was hanging in the Court of Rome also he was forbidden by writs Apostolike vnder paine of very great iudgements to innouate nothing to the preiudice of the first mariage ▪ But so deepe did the French king dissemble that albeit to confirme the minde of the king of England that he would be against the Pope he imposed by his owne authoritie vppon the Clergie of his Realme a taxe of tenthes dispatched the two Cardinalls to the Pope yet not obseruing the fidelitie of his word and promisse he sent them furnished with commissions farre differing from the resolucion of the two kings in the beginning The Emprour being comen into Italy with a desire to speake with the Pope the place of their meeting and enteruiewe was eftsoones assigned at Bolognia A place which the Pope accepted willingly the rather for that he would giue no occasion to thEmprour to goe to the Realme of Naples and by that occasion to make
betwene the Viceroy and the Venetians The person of the frenche king led prisoner into Spaine Occasions giuen to themperour of new emotions Conspiracy agaynst the Emprour Capitulations betwene the confederates agaynst the Emprour The 〈…〉 ing 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 in the cas 〈…〉 of Madrill The Lady Alanson treateth with theÌ„prour for the kinges deliuery Cardinall Saluiatio the Popes Legate in the Court of themprour Ierome MoroÌ„ prisoner The Duke of Burbon in Spaine The death of the Marquis of Pisquairo Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour Qualities of Pope Leo and Clement Pope Clement the 〈…〉 makes a lâ—agee agaynst themprour ThEmperour maried to the daughter of Portugall Oration of the Chauncellor Oration of the Viceroy The treaty of Madrill touching the deliuery of the fr. king The fr. king marieth themprours sister Themprour vvriteth to the Pope touching the fr. kings deliuery The maner of the deliuery of the french king The fr. king complaineth vppon thEmprour The inhabitants of Myllan rise vp against the imperialls Themprour ill contented The Pope the fr. king and Venetians make league together Loda surprised by the Venetians The armie of the lâ—â—gue before Millan The army of the league broken vp from before Myllan Katherine de Medicis The Pope in great astonishment The inhabitants of Millan ill handled by the Spanyards The inhabitantes of Millan implore the compassion of the Duke of Burbon The armye of the league come before Millan the second time The Castell of Millan rendred to thimperialls Soliman Ottoman in Hungria The Pope moueth the confederates to inuade the realme of Naples Prouisions of the Emprour against the confederats Cremona rendred to the confederats Capitulacion betwene the Colonnois and the Pope to deceiue him King of Hungrie ouerthrowen in battell by Solyman Truce betwene the Pope and thEmperour Cremona giueÌ„ by the confederates to Fr. Sforce The league signified to the emprour Deliberation of the duke of Vrbin Catherine de Medicis Duke of Vrbin goeth agaynst the launce knights of George Fronsp Death of Iohn de Medicis Encounter of the Nauye of thempror with the fleete of the confederates The prince of Orenge vvith the Launceknights Ierom Moron out of prison Capitulations betwene theÌ„prour duke of Ferrara 1427. The duke of Burbon goeth out of Millan and leaueth there Antho. de Leua The duke of Ferrara perswadeth the duke of Burbon Continuation of the warre begon in thestate ecclesiastike Caesar Fieremosquo sent by themprour to the Pope The confederates resolue to inuade Naples Monsr Vaudemont the Popes lieftenant Exploytes of the Nauy of the confederates Katherine de Medicis Count Caiazzo goeth from thimperialls to the pay of thEcclesiastikes The Duke of Ferrata couÌ„celleth the Duke of Burbon to goe to Rome The Pope loaseth corage and why The Pope accerdeth with thImperialls Tumult in Florence The Pope compelled to harken to the warre The duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome The Duke of Burbon slayne at the assault of Rome Rome taken and sacked The Pope being abaÌ„doned of all hopes compoundeth with the Imperialls Plague in Rome Confederacion betwene the French king and the king of England Monsr Lawtrech Capteine generall of the league The Cardinal of Yorke in Fraunce Awicked act Genoway returneth to thobedience of the French king Alexandria taken The sacke of Pauya Demaundes which the Emperour made to the armie of the confederats if thaccord went on The Duke of Ferrara entreth into the league Accorde betâ—eene the Pope and themprours Agents The Pope goeth out of prison The Pope thanketh Monsr Lavvtrech for his deliuerie 1528. VVarre denounced agaynst themprour by the kings of Englande and Fraunce The lie giuen by the french king to themprour For what occasioÌ„ the king of EnglaÌ„d refused his wife the Lady Katherine of Aragon Lawtrech entring into the Realme of Naples Andre Dore retyreth from Genes Peter Nauare taleth Aquila The Imperial army yssueth out of Rome The contents of Monsr 〈…〉 treches army Monsr S. Pol appoynted to the warres of Italy Miserable condition of the citie of Millan The Frenche befiâ—gâ— Napler Resolution of thImperialls within Naples Fight at sea betweene the Imperials and French. Death of the Viceroy Dâ— Hugo Monkado Disc 〈…〉 dities aswel of the imperials as the French during the siege of Naples Obstinacie of Monsr Lavvtrech The affaires of the French men begin to decline Antho. de Leua recouereth Pauia Duke of Br 〈…〉 dswyke in Italie for the Emperour Loda besieged by thimperialls The bandes of LauÌ„ceknights vnder Brundswike do mutine The Popes excuses to the confederats The Popes inâ—â—â—ion touching â—lâ—rice Cardinall CaÌ„peius Legaâ— in England Andre Dore leaueth the paye of the French. Couenantes betwene themprour and Andre dore Many difficulties in the â—â—â—army Death of Monsr Lawtrech Capitulations of the Marquis of Salussa with the Imperialls The proceedings of MoÌ„sr Saint Pol in Lombardy The taking of Genoway by Andre Dore New gouernment established in Ge 〈…〉 ay Mont Ian misseth to surprise Andre Dore. Execucions at Naples Proceedings of Monsr Saint Polin Lombardy Deuises of the Pope â—â— restore his house in Florence Cause of the ruine of the Cardinal of Yorke All the Princes harken to peace Monsr Saint Pol prisoner to Antho. dâ— Leua The Pope at accord with thEmprour Peace betwen thEmprour French king negociated in Cambray Themprour sendeth to the P. of Orenge to inuade the states of the Florentins Themprour at Genes vvhither the princes of Italy send embassadours to him The Pope maketh offers to Malatesâ—a The Pope the Emperour as Bolognia Capitulacions betwene the Emprour the Venetians duke of Millan Myllan rendred by themprour to FrauÌ„cis Sforce Lastra taken Camisado Themprour taketh the Crowne at Bolognia Empoly sackt by the Marquis of Guast The Florentins out of hope to be succoured by the fr. king The prince of Orenge slaine The issue of the vvarre of Florence The flaâ—e of the Ciâ—ie of Florence after the siege Ferdinand elected king of Romaines The French king and king of England ill disposed to the Emprour The French king inciâ—â—â—â— the Turke against thEmprour The Pope holdeth him selfe offended with the Empr 〈…〉 The Turke returneth with shame to Constantinople Enteruiew of the king of England and French king A second enteruiew of the Pope and Emprour aâ— Bolognia Katherine de Medicis A league for the defense of Italy The Pope wil not â—arken to â— councell The Pope refuseth to giue his Neece in mariage to the Duke of Myllan Enteruiew of the Pope and fr. king at Marseilles Katherine de Medicis maried to the second sonne of Fraunce The Pope knoweth his end Barberossa aâ— Thunis Death of pope Clement the vij Creation of Pope Paule the thirde A TABLE OF THE MOST PRINCIPALL AND GENERALL MATTERS CONTEYNED in the historie digested according to the order Alphabit A ASensible and apparant token of the ruyne of Princes when they esteme themselues more then they are and make their enemies lesse then they find them 21. A good
the Popes forces gaue small obedience to this commaundement he complayned that he shoulde be constrayned not to reape the fruite which grewe to him in his proper house with small labour and to be driuen to buye of an other for the vsage of his peoples the ware whereof he had enough to replenishe forreine countreis alleaging withall that that ought not to be enforced for an example which the Venetians had made him consent vnto more by compulsion of armes then by condition of iustice Whiche reasons little auayled to content the Pope who eftsones sent to protest to him vnder great paynes and accursings to discontinue that worke suche were the thoughtes and actions of the Pope inclined altogether to rayse vp and support the Venetians But on the other side Caesar and the French king thirsted not a little after their embacement with desire to diminishe their authoritie and greatnes And beeing muche discontented with the demonstrations which the Pope expressed on their behalfe they drew into a more strayte alliance and intelligence one with an other concluding to inuade the Venetians that sommer with huge forces for the better aduauncing of which expedition the contracte bare that the Frenche king for his parte shoulde sende Monsr Chaumont with a strong armie wherevnto should be ioyned the Launceknightes that lay at Verona And Caesar for his parte should make entrie into the countrey of Friul with those leauyes of men and munitions which he hoped to obteine of thempire in the dyet of Auspurge and hauing accomplished that action he was to proceede to other enterprises according to the estate of occasions and tyme They solicited the Pope to ioyne with them according to the bonde of the league of Cambray holding it but iuste to sommon him to performe that which he had so willingly promised But he who was no lesse discontented with that motion then hauing a capacitie searching aboue the witte of other men made aunswere that he was no more bound to that confederation which hath had already his perfection seeing it had bene in the power of Caesar to haue first Treuisa and afterwards a satisfaction recompence in money Caesar likewise solicited to haue succours from the king Catholike both by vertue of the same capitulations of Cambray and also vnder couenantes and promises made particularly with him at suche time as he consented to him the gouernment of Castillo But this solicitation as it bare a forme of request to ayde him rather with money then with men so the king of Aragon whom it imported muche not to disfurnishe him selfe of the thing whereof he had moste neede aunswere that he would sende him foure hundred launces A strength of little profite for Caesar for that aswell in the Frenche armie as in his owne campe the seruice on horsebacke was plentifully furnished About this time the Citie of Verona liued in great afflictions vnder the souldiours that garded it who for that they were not payed drewe into secret conspiracie with certayne Venetian bandes by whom they thought to worke some trayterous stratageme for which purpose the Venetians issuing out of S. Boniface approched the Citie by night to skale the Castell of S. Peter and as they were entred S. Georges gate whylest they taried to fasten their ladders together for that being single they sufficed not to reach to the height of the wall eyther they were heard by the warders of the castell of S. Felix or in their feare they seemed to heare a brute of armed men And as in matter of enterprise imagination abuseth muche so whether they feared their owne shadowes or whether they doubted that to be in deede which was but a vision in their timerous fantasies they sodenly retyred leauing behinde them their ladders as testimonies of their feare and intention leauing to thenemie to doubt muche of their vallour that in so fayre an oportunitie forsooke the felicitie that their fortune had prepared The armie retyred forthwith to S. Boniface and at Verona the conspiracie comming to detection many were passed ouer to iustice and punishment though some found fauour more by clemencie then their proper innocencie In this season the Pope expressed certayne inclinations to be eftsones reunited with the french king not of goodwill but for feare for that Maximilian sommoned him with braue messages to lende him two hundred thousande duckets threatning that otherwise he would ioyne with the French king agaynst him An other reason of his feare was a brute that was spread that in the Dyet of Auspurge it was agreed to minister to him a strong succor and also the peace had bene newely established betweene the kings of Englande and Fraunce and published with great solemnitie By reason of these feares he began to trayte with great diligence with Albert de Carpy whom till that day he had interteined with wordes and hopes generall vsing in all his actions of negociation more art then true meaning and lesse fidelitie then fayre resemblaunce But besides the mutabilitie of his owne nature the variation of occasions made him not dwell long in that resolution both for that the Parliament of Auspurge without the forces and aydes of which there was no great reckoning to be made of the threates of Caesar not aunswering exspectation determined for him no other succours then a supply of three hundred thousande Florins of Rhein whereof his prodigalities had already made great wastes And also the king of England signified that he had setdowne an article in the peace expressing that it should be no peace as often as the French king should offend the state of the Churche In regard of these things the Pope reentred into new stomack and returning eftsones to his former thoughts he began to heape new cōplaintes agaynst the Duke of Ferrara who he sayd that since it was suffred to the subiects of the Church to sayle and traffike frankly through the gulfe of Venice had imposed newe tributes vppon the goods which were brought to Venice by the riuer of Pau A taxation which the Pope alleaged that the vassall coulde not leauie according to the interpretation of the lawes without licence of the Lorde paramount and withall it was a thing that brought great preiudice to the people of Bolognia who were his subjects for which consideration he made instance that they might be deposed threatning that otherwise he would bring warre vpon him Wherin to giue him a greater feare he caused to marche his bands of men of warre into the countrey of Bolognia and into Romagnia These things troubled not a little the mind of the French king beeing loath on the one side to fall at oddes with the Pope and on the other side he felt him selfe touched in honor and conscience to leaue abandoned the Duke of Ferrara to whose protection he had bound himselfe by receiuing thirtie thousande duckets No lesse was he moued with the regarde of his proper profite for that duke Alfonso depending wholy vpon him and fleeing so
tenne myles from Bolognia with intention to present them selues the day after affore the gates of the Citie wherin what by the comming of th armie and what by the reapport that the Bentiuoleis were in it all things were full of confusion and tumult and the Nobles no lesse then the Cōmons expressed an vniuersall disposition to change the one parte fearing and the other parte desyring the returne of the familie of Bentiuoley But greater confusions and feares occupied the myndes of the Prelates and Courtiers better acquaynted with the delightes of Rome then accustomed to the daungers of warre The Cardinalls full of tymerous passions ranne to the Pope complayning that he had put him selfe the sea Apostolike and them in so great perill their tymerous condition tooke away the reason that in cases of daunger is wont to rule wise men and the same feare that moued their confusion suppressed in them all respect and reuerence to the dignitie of the place and person but pushed on with those passions whiche they were not hable to moderate they besought him with great importunities eyther to make some sufficient prouision for their defence whiche in suche a shortnesse of tyme they helde impossible or at least to seeke to appease and reassure thinges by composition vnder suche conditions as the necessitie of their estate required wherevnto they supposed thenemie woulde incline or at least that he woulde make his departure out of Bolognia together with them and to consider that if his particuler daunger touched him not of what importance it woulde be for the sea Apostolike and for all Christian religion if there happned any inconuenience to his person His dearest fouourits and most acceptable ministers and seruantes did communicate in these complaintes and hauing all one feare they followed all one sute like men that neuer feling but securitie had least rule ouer their passions when they sawe perill and danger at hande But he onely amidde so great a tumult disorder of things no lesse vncertayne of the fidelitie of the people then yll contented with the slowe comming on of the Venetians made obstinate resistance agaynst all these aduersities neither amased with the perills that he sawe nor once moued with the perplexities of his Cardinals ioyning to these afflictions the maladie that had muche weakned his body they had all no habilitie to bende the greatnes of his minde At the beginning he had caused to come thither M. Anth. Colonno with one part of the souldiours that were within Modona and likewise had sent for Ierome d'Onato Embassador to the Venetians to whom he complayned with bitter exclamations that for the long delaying of the aydes which had bene so many times promised him his person and his estate were in manyfest daunger not onely with an ingratitude abhominable towardes him that had begonne the warre chiefly for their safetie and who with his great expences and daungers hauing brought the whole empire and the french king to be his enemies had bene the cause of the preseruation of their libertie till that daye but also with an incredible indiscression for the regarde of themselues seeing if he shoulde eyther be vanquished or constrayned to yeelde to any composition there coulde be no hope of their safetie and lesse exspectation of good degree for their common weale he lastly protested with wordes and action full of furie and resolution that he would fall to agreement with the frenche if the next day past ouer and no succours of their people which lay at Stellata entred into Bolognia hauing this difficultie to builde a bridge and to passe the ryuer vppon barkes and other vesselles He assembled the gouernment and Colleages of Bolognia with whome he occupied perswasions of great grauitie that remembring the myseries of their tyrannie paste and howe hurtfull and daungerous woulde be the returne of tyrantes after they were expulsed they would lifte vp themselues to the defence of the iurisdiction of the Church whiche they had founde so easie and tractable And to induce them to a more readines besides the fauors he had graunted them before he gaue thē exemption of the moytie of al the imposts exacted vpō the vittels that entred into Bolognia for the vse of man with promise to gratifie them hereafter in greater benefites he caused to publishe these fauours by proclamation the better to moue the people to take armes for the defence of thestate ecclesiastick But as his purpose was corrupt so his labour was without frute for that not one body stirred not one hande was holden vp nor any signe made in his fauor These cold affections of the people considered with other causes and showes brought him at last to looke into the daunger wherin he stood and pitying withal the importunities plaints of so many peoples ioyned to the perpetuall intercession and labor of thembassadors of Caesar the king Catholike and the king of England set on by the Cardinalls he consented to send to Monsr Chaumont to suffer Iohn Fran. Piqua Count of Mirandola to go to him in safety in the Popes name And not many houres after he dispatched to him one of his chāber to require him to send to him Albert de Carpy not knowing but that he was in the army And in the action of these things to th end that in al aduētures the most precious Reliques of the Pontificacie might be in safetie he sent Laur. Pucci his Datario with the Regno so they cal the principal Myter wōderfully garnished with precious stones to be kept in the famous Monastery of the Murato of Florence Chaumont by cōsideration of the requests that were made to him hoped that the Pope would incline to peace which he did so much the more desire by how much he knew it was agreable to thintention minde of the king and therfore not to trouble such a disposition the day following he retayned the armie in their lodgings suffring notwithstanding the Bentiuoleis with many horsmen of their friends followers to run euen to the walls of Bolognia hauing marching a good space after thē an hundred fifty french launces At whose cōming notwithstanding Hermes one of the brothers both youngest most resolute presented himselfe on that side of the gate yet there was no mutinie made within thexpectation of peace that was then in action preuayling more to contayne the people then any affection or obedience they bare to the Pope Chaumont gaue gracious audience to Fran. de Mirandola and returned him the same day to Bolognia to signifie to the Pope the conditions wherein he was content to accorde That the Pope should absolue Alfonso d'Este of all accursings and paynes together with all those whosoeuer which for any occasion were parties to the defending or offending of thestate ecclesiasticke that likewise he should acquite the Bentiuoleis of all paynes and censures and make them repossessed of the goods which manifestly apperteined to them referring to arbitration and iudgement suche as they
were possessed of afore their exile That it should be lawfull for them to dwell in what place they would so farreforth as they came not neare to Bolognia by lxxx myles That touching the Venetians there should be nothing done contrarie to that whiche had bene agreed vppon in the confederation of Cambray That betwene the Pope and Alfonso d'Este shoulde be a surceassing of armes at the least for six monethes euery one reteining all that he possessed in which respite of time their controuersies should be decided by iudges assigned by common accord reseruing to Caesar the order of the things of Modona which Citie should be incontinent deposed into his hands That Cotignole should be restored to the french king That the Cardinall of Achx should be deliuered That the Cardinalls that were absent should be pardoned And that the collacion of benefices through all the dominions of the frenche kinge should be disposed according to his nominacion With this aunswer Mirandola returned to the Pope not without hope that Monsr Chaumont would not continue so seuerly in all those condicions The Pope contrary to his custome heard the reapport with pacience together with the peticions of the Cardinalls who besought him with an incredible affection that he would haue regard to the estate of the tyme and their vniuersall calamities not refusing the composicion that was offered if he coulde obteine no better They tolde him that he stoode in condicion to accept and not to exspect more then was offered his owne fortune and the felicitie of his enemie striuing against him But on the other part he complayned of the too bitter condicions that were offered And mingling all his speeches with complaints against the Venetians he consumed all that daye without expressing what was his resolucion not shewing so much dout of the perill he was in as hauing regard to the sorrowes of the Cardinalls and others that stoode before him At the last he tooke hope for that Chappin Vitelly in the euening entred into Bolognia with six hundred light horsemen Venetians And an esquadron of Turkes payed by them he departed by night from Stellato and comming vpon the spurre all the way arriued at Bolognia in the euening being charged by the gouernor of Venice to omit no diligence to reskew the Popes daungers The morning following Chaumont encamped with his whole armie at the bridge of Rene which is three myles from Bolognia where the Secretories of thEmbassadors of the king of Romains the king of Aragon and the kinge of England went to him and soone after thEmbassadors them selues who together with Albert Pio which nowe was come from Carpy returned many times that day betweene the Pope and Monsr Chaumont But the disposicion of both the one and other party was greatly chaunged for Monsr Chaumont hauing now no hope by thexperience of the day before to be able to raise the people of Bolognia by meane of the Bentyuoleys and beginning withall to fall into necessitie of vittells which would continually increase vpon him had great distrust of the victorie And the Pope taking courage by thaffection of the people disclosed in the fauour of the Church reentred eftsoones into armes the same day And because they looked for at Bolognia before night two hundred other Venetian estradiots 2. hundred light horsemen vnder Fabricio Colonno and one parte of the spanish men at armes he did not onely discerne that he was deliuered of daunger but also returning to his accustomed glory he threatned to assaile thennemies assoone as the Spanish bandes were come which were not nowe farre of This confidence made him giue aunswer all that day that he bare no inclinacion to peace onles the french king would be bound to abandon wholly the defense and protection of Ferrara The daye after were propowned new condicions and during the negociacion the Embassadors made many goings and returnings to Monsr Chaumont but such and so many were the difficulties that their labor remeined vaine In so much as Chaumont distrusting to be able to profit much either by armes or by practising of peace together that it was hard for him to remeine there both for the want of vittells and distemperance of the tyme winter approching he returned the same day to Frankcastell and the day after to Rubiero making shew that what he did was done at the requests of thEmbassadors both to giue time to the Pope to consider of the offers that had bene made and leasure to him selfe to exspect the further will and direction of his kinge At that time many accused the resolucion of Monsr Chaumont to be vndiscreete and thexecucion negligent for that not hauing forces sufficient to take Bolognia In his armie there were but three thowsand footemen it was a councell ill debated to stirre and moue at the perswacions of men banished whose hopes beinge measured more by desire then with reasons become for the most parte fallible and vaine At the least if he desired to embrace this enterprise he oughtfirst to haue restored and repayred the weaknes of his forces But of the contrary they vrged that he had abused corrupted thopportunitie by his too much tarying for that since the commoditie he had to depart from Pesquiero he had vnprofitably lost three or foure dayes and in the meane while considering the weakenes of his armie he was in dout whether he should assaye any thinge of him selfe or exspect the bandes of the Duke of Ferrara and the Lorde Chastillion with the french launces And be it that that might be defended yet what excuse can be made that Frankcastell being taken he made not suddeine approches to the gates of Bolognia and not to giue leasure to a citie to take breath wherein not one succour was yet entred the people hanging in suspense and as it hapneth in suddein thinges all disposed into feares and confusion A singuler meane if there be any at all to make him obteine either the victorie or some honorable composicion But perhaps the authoritie of such as reprehend thinges that haue ill succeeded would be lesse if at the same tyme might be knowne what would haue hapned if they had proceeded otherwayes After the retyring of Chaumont the Pope bearing a minde inflamed against the french king began to make his complaints to all Princes Christian that the french king vsing vniustly and against truth the title and name of right Christian and despising the confederacion solemnly made at Cambray and lastly no lesse moued with ambicion to vsurpe all Italy then wickedly thirsting after the blood of the Popes of Rome had sent out his armie to beseege him with all the Colleage of Cardinalls and the whole estate of Prelats within Bolognia And in this disposicion of minde returning estsoones with a courage redoubled to the thoughtes and studies of the warre he refused to heare speake thEmbassadors who following the solicitacion begon by Chaumont offered him the meanes of peace if first Ferrara were not deliuered to him yea such
yet not of that importaunce as to turne their mindes to diuisions for that without it they were both honorably raysed aduanced and withall there was no forme of disposing of the publike affaires without thē was the very originall and principall cause of the great calamities which fell afterwards vpon that citie The factions diuisions amōgst the citizens being grounded therevpon and thenemies of the Gonfalonnier suspecting him with the Cardinall of Volterre his brother to be at the deuotion of the French king and to reappose altogether in his amitie opposed as muche as they could agaynst the deliberations that were to be made in fauour of that king desiring that all might be transferred to the Pope By this also it came to passe that the name of the familie of Medicis beganne to be lesse hatefull in that Citie then before for that those chiefest and mightiest Citizens who earst denyed their returne were nowe no more concurrant to persecute them and muche lesse to hinder the communitie and conuersation of others with them The malice they bare to the Gonfalonnier wrought this alteration change of their affection and the more to abate his authoritie they stucke not to expresse by many tokens how little that familie was estraunged from their fauour and amitie not forbearing also to giue shadowe to others to desire their returne and greatnesse And of this it happned that not onely those that were their assured and perfect friendes in whom was no great power entred into hopes of innouation and newe thinges but also many of the Nobilitie and youth of the Citie pushed on eyther by their great prodigalities and exspences or by certayne particular disdaynes or at least by ambicious desires to surpasse others in dignities exspected a mutation of that estate by the meane of their returning that disposition hauing bin norished and encreased many yeares by the Cardinall Medicis with great sleight and subteltie for euer since the death of his brother Peter whose name was both feared and hated he had made no show to entermeddle in thaffaires of Florence nor to haue any desire to aspire to the auncient greatnesse of his familie And to omitte no office which might eyther make him merite the more or insinuate further he forgate not with great humanitie and fauours to welcome and receiue all the seuerall people of Florence that had recourse to Rome offring himselfe a ready instrument for the dispatche of their affayres wherein disposing his fauour no lesse to suche that had bene manyfest enemies agaynst his brother then to others whom he helde indifferent he vsed in his behauiour and speache to laye all the fault vpon his brother as though the faultes with the memorie and hate thereof were determined together with his death This forme and manner of behauior he continued many yeares which accompanied with the opinion that went of him in the Court of Rome to be by disposition liberall affable and gracious to all men brought hym in the ende to bee acceptable to many at Florence In whiche respect the Pope that desired not a little thalteration of that gouernment preferred him with great foresight to that legation The Florentins appealed from thinterdiction and to commit the lesse offence in thappellation they called it not the councell of Pisa but named it the sacred councell of the Churche vniuersall And as though by thappellation theffect of thinterdiction had bene suspended the priestes of the foure principall Churches were cōpelled by commaundement of the supreme Magistrate to make publike celebration of all diuine offices the same disclosing more and more the diuision of the Citizens and left in the discression of euery one either to obserue or contemne thinterdict for this reason thembassadors of the kings of Englande and Aragon made new instance to the french king offring him peace with the Pope so farreforth as he would see Bolognia rendred to the Church and that the Cardinalls might make a presence at the Councell of Latran when they offred that the Pope should receiue them all to pardon But the regard and consideration of Bolognia holding him from consenting to the peace he made answer that as he did not defend a citie in contumacie and rebellion against the Church vnder whose iurisdiction obedience it was gouerned in the same forme and estate of policie wherin it had bin ruled many yeres afore the pontificacy of Iulius to whom it belonged not to demaund a greater authoritie then had bin required practised by his predecessors so also touching the Councell of Pisa it had bin introduced in a most honorable and holy purpose to reforme the notorious intollerable disorders of the Church wherevnto would be easily reduced her auncient vertue brightnes and that without perill of schisme or diuision if the Pope would agree to assist that councell the reason being no lesse iust then the action conuenient for him managing the supreme place he added lastly that his vnquietnes together with his inflamed minde addicted to warres and troubles had chiefly induced him to binde himselfe to the protection of Bolognia whiche for his honor he would defende with no lesse care and studie then he would see to the protection of his towne of Paris The Pope then shakinge of all his cogitations and thoughts to the peace no lesse for his auncient hatreds and couetousnes then for feare of the councel his desire to Bolognia and finally suspecting that if he deferred any lōger to deliberat resolue he should be left abādoned of euery one the spanish souldiers beginning now to ēbarke at Carpy making as though they would passe into Affrika he determined to finish the cōfederation negociated with the king Catholike the senat of Venice which was solemnly published the fifth of October in the Church of S. Maria de populo the Pope and all the Cardinalls assisting This confederation bare that they shoulde principally preserue the vnitie of the Churche and the better to defende her from present schisme to reuerse and dissolue the assembly of Pisa To recouer the Citie of Bolognia apperteining immediately to the sea Apostolike together with all other peeces and places whiche directly or indirectly belonged to the Churche Ferrara beeing comprehended vnder that sence That agaynst all suche that shoulde oppose agaynst any of these thinges or labour to throwe any impedimentes these wordes signified the Frenche king they shoulde proceede to chase them out of Italie with a mightie armie wherein the Pope was to mayntaine foure hundred men at armes fiue hundred light horsemen and sixe thousand footmen The Senat of Venice should furnish eight hüdred men at armes a thousande light horsemen and eight thousand footmen And to the king of Aragon were allotted twelue hundred men at armes a thousande light horsemen and tenne thousand footemen for the interteinment of whome the Pope shoulde paye during the warre eight thousande duckettes euery moneth and the Venetians as much furnishing presently a paye for
sauetie and the other part for glorye ioyned to a desire to sacke a citie so full of riches The Capteines besides their office to commaund and dispose most often tooke the places of meane soldiours the vertue of Monsr de Foix being singuler aboue the residue At last the Venetian armie were driuen from the place after they had made a wonderfull defense In so much as the Conquerers who nowe deuided them selues into two bandes made their entrey the one by the citie and the other by the Citadel finding in euery quarter and corner a meruelous resistance by the soldiours and by the people In whom it seemed their aduersitie had nothing diminished their vertue But the french men being alwayes followed with victorie passed thorow all impediments and chassed all their ennemies that stoode affore them They gaue not their mindes to pillage vntill they sawe them selues absolute Maisters of the towne such was their direction of their Capteine whom they obeyed and obserued so iustly that what soeuer he were that did otherwayes he was forthwith slayne by his fellowes In these encownters there dyed of the french parte many footemen and a greate number of men at armes But of thennemies were left on the ground eyght thowsand dead carkasses part of the people and part of the Venetian soldiours which were fiue hundred men at armes eyght hundred light horsemen and eyght thowsand footemen amongest whom was Contaryn commaunder of the stradiots who was slaine vpon the greene with a bullet of a harquebuze All the residue were taken except two hundred stradiots who fled by a posterne neare the gate of S. Nazareth albeit with no better fortune for that falling vppon the french armie which remeyned without the towne they were almost all taken or killed They also immediatly after the execution entred the towne by the same gate and falling to pillage aswell as the residue they enioyed the trauells and daungers of others Andrevv Gritty Anth. Iustynian whom the Senat had sent into that citie as gouernour remeyned prisoners together with Ioh. P. Manfron his sonne the Knight de la Volpe Baltazar Scipion one of the sonnes of Anth. de Pio Count Lovvys Auogato and one of his sonnes and Domynik Busechio Capteine of the stradiots These being chieftaines of th armie were reserued as miserable examples of their owne calamitie they were by the wretchednes and fortune of prisoners disposed caried about as best pleased the appetit of the Victors sometymes brought to behold the dead bodyes of their companions and friends A spectacle lamentable to be compelled to see those men deade whom in life they so much honored and loued And sometymes appoynted to stande in the presence of thennemie taking speciall glorie in that which to them could not be but an increase of discomfort by strait commaundement of Monsr de Foix the honors of the women of religion were kept vndefiled but their goods together with such others as for protection were conueyed into their couents were made a praye to the Capteines Count Lovvys was executed in the market place Monsr de Foix being present and seemed to holde it a sacrifice best acceptable and pleasing to his eyes his two sonnes albeit they were for a tyme deferred suffered in the ende the same payne thauthoritie of the Victor raigning very iudicially ouer the liues of whome soeuer it pleased him In this sort by the vallour fortune of the french men of whom they of Bressia vaunted to be discended fell into this extremitie that citie for nobilitie digniue nothing inferior to any other citie of Lombardye but in riches and plentye farre aboue them all except Myllan And as the miseries that warre draweth with it are infinit so the whole citie for seuen daies together was exposed to the couetousnes to the lust and to the crueltie of soldiours thinges sacred aswell as prophane being percell of the pray And no lesse the liues then the goods of men committed to the discression of spoylers This victorie brought great reputacion to the name of Monsr de Foix Italy no lesse then the other regions of Christendō resounding much his glory that by his celeritie and vallour in the space of xv daies he had compelled the armies Ecclesiastike and spanish to discampe from before Bolognia ouerthrowne in the plaine fielde Ioh. P. Baillon with part of the Venetian regiments and reconquered Bressia with so great a slaughter of soldiours and other sortes of peoples it was confirmed by the iudgement of wise men that touching enterprise and matters of warre Italy had not felt the like of long time the aduersitie farre exceeding the memorie and example of all times past After the action of Bressia together with the other places that were lost of whom Bergamo drawne into rebellion by the ayde of very few of the towne had by cōmon consent reuoked the french men before Monsr de Foix made his entrye into Bressia And after Monsr de Foix had set downe a forme to th affayres of Bressia and had somwhat refreshed and reordered his armie made wearie with so great trauells and no lesse disordered partly by keeping and partly by distribucion of the spoyle he determined according to the kinges commaundement to go seeke the armie of the confederats which after his departure from before the walls of Bolognia was stayed vpon the landes of the Bolognois To this direction the king was constrayned by many vrgent accidents which droaue him into necessitie to take newe councells for the sauetie and benefit of his affayres for he discerned manifestly that he should haue warre with the king of England notwithstanding that king had in franke tearmes affore assured him the contrary And since kept him in suspence with tokens and wordes doubtfull The actions which were quite contrary to his promisses could be no more couered for that there came aduertisement from Rome howe he had at lust approued and ratified the league by writing Besides the french king was not ignorant that in England were made great preparacions of men and ships and in Spayne was rigged a great nauie to passe into England where was an vniuersall disposicion in all sortes of the people of that region to make warre vppon the Realme of Fraunce To this humor of the king people was much helping the arriual of a galeass from the Pope laden with Greeke wines with cheeses and other prouisions which distributed in his name to the king Barons and Prelats of the Realme were receiued of all with a wonderfull gladnes The common sort of people which oftentymes is no lesse caried by vaine and small thinges then by matters more graue and great ronne with generall admiracion to beholde the galeasse accounting it so much more to their pleasure and glorie by how much they had neuer seene in that I le any vessell bearing the Popes banners At last Bishop Morton who had long negociated betwene the Pope and the french king induced either by his conscience or
the meane of Iulio Vrsin receyuing of the Pope in recompence of his disloyaltie the Archbishoprike of Regge in Calabria Only Peter de Margana was ashamed to kepe the money he had receiued doing the same happly with a councell no lesse honorable then happy for that otherwayes he had iustly payed the merite and payne of his deceite beeing not long tyme after taken prisoner by the successor of the king raigning But nowe the Popes mynde beeing greately confirmed by reason of these thinges and hauing no more to feare eyther enemies forreine or domesticall the thirde daye of Maye in greate solemnitie he gaue beginning to the Councell in the Churche of Saint Iohn Latran beeing nowe assured that not onely the moste regions of Italie woulde come thither but also the Realmes of Spayne of Englande and of Hungary In this firste action he was in person in habite pontificall accompanied with the colledge of Cardinalls and great multitudes of Bishoppes where the Masse of the holy Ghost besides many other prayers being celebrated according to auncient custome and the fathers exhorted with a publike oration to inclined with all their hartes to the publike benefite dignitie of christian religion it was declared the better to lay fundatiōs for other matters that afterwards should be ordeined that the councel assembled was a true a lawfull holy councel that in the same remayned vndoubtedly all the authoritie and power of the vniuersall Churche Ceremonies assuredly both goodly and holy and hable to pearce euen into the heartes of men if it might haue bene beleued that the thoughtes and intentions of the authors had bene such as were their words In this sort did the Pope gouerne him selfe after the battell of Rauenna But the french king notwithstanding that after the death of Monsr de Foix which somewhat troubled the ioy of the victorie as one whom he loued dearely had commaunded Monsr de Palissa and the Legate to leade the armie vp to Rome assoone as they could yet he seemed to abate of that inclination and began to returne with all his deuises to the desire of peace fearing that at one tyme and from many places great stormes woulde thunder vpon him and trouble his affayres for notwithstanding Caesar diminished nothing of his promises that he would remayne firme with him assuring that the truce made with the Venetians in his name was concluded without his consent neither would he ratifie it yet besides the feare of thinconstancie of Caesar and doubt whether his promises were dissembled it seemed to the king that for the conditions which he demaunded he should haue a companion in time of warre chargefull to him and to the proceeding of the peace very preiudiciall and hurtfull fearing that by his interposing he should be constrained to consent to more vnworthy conditions Besides all these he had no more doubt that the Svvizzers would ioyne with them of the league And he was sure he should haue warre with the king of Englande who had already sent a Herald to signifie to him that he pretended to be ended all confederations and couenantes betwene them for that in them all was comprehended this exception that he should make no warre neither against the Church nor agaynst the king Catholike his father in lawe Therefore the king vnderstanding with a great pleasure that the Florentins were solicited to worke the peace he dispatched spedely to Florence the president of Grenoble with verye large commission to th ende matters might be debated more at hande and if neede were he might go vp to Rome And knowing afterwards by the subscription of the articles that the Popes inclination was more ready then he seemed he gaue him selfe ouer for his parte wholly to the peace And yet fearing least for the retyring of his armie the Pope would eftsones returne to his obstinacy he sent to Monsr Palissa lying then at Parma to marche agayne immediatly into Romagnia with part of his regimentes spreading a brute that it was to passe further It seemed to him a matter greuous to deliuer vp Bolognia not so much for the instance that Caesar made to the contrarie as for the feare he had that notwithstanding the peace the Pope woulde continue his euill minde towards him and therfore it could not but be an action preiudiciall to him to depriue him selfe of the towne of Bolognia which was as the fort and bulwark of the Duchie of Millan And besides the Cardinall Finalo and the Bishop of Tiuoly being come without expresse authoritie to conclude he interpreted that to an apparant signe that he had dissemblingly giuen his consent partly for the straytes and daungers wherewith he stoode enuironed Neuerthelesse at laste he determined to accept the sayde articles vnder certayne limitations and yet not such as by them the substance of things should be troubled or altered With which aunswere the Secretorie of the Bishop of Tiuoly went to Rome demaunding in the kings name that the Pope would sende authoritie to the Cardinall and the Bishoppe to conclude or els that he would call affore him the President of Grenoble who was at Florence to whom was recommended sufficient power to doe the like But the hopes of the Pope augmented daily and by consequent if he euer had had any inclinacion to the peace it was now diminished he being a man more disposed to obserue and followe tymes then to respect and imitate the qualitie of his calling About this time arriued the commission of the king of England by the which being dispatched since the moneth of Nouember he gaue power to the Cardinall of Yorke to enter into the league The reason why he was so long in comming was the longe course he had by sea hauing bene affore in Spayne Caesar also after very longe doubtes had newely ratified the league made with the Venetians beeing principally pushed on to that action for the hopes which the kinges Catholike and of England gaue to him of the Duchies of Myllan and of Burgondye In like sort the matter that much helped to confirme the Pope were the very great hopes which the king of Aragon put him in who hauing the first knowledge of the ouerthrow by letters from the french king written to the Queene expressing that Guaston de Foix her brother was dead with great glorie carying with him the reputacion of a famous victorie obteyned vpon his enemies And afterwards more perticularly by aduertisements of his owne people comming somewhat later for thimpediments of the sea And for that withall it seemed to him that greater perill would growe to the kingdom of Naples he had determined to sende into Italy the Great Capteine with a strength of new men A remedy which he was driuen to vse hauing almost no choyse of others for notwithstanding in outward show he semed to respect much the Great Capteine for his behauior in the kingdom of Naples yet he both suspected his greatnes and durst not trust him with authoritie The Pope then being
could suffer no delay of action went out and sette vppon them at the village of Paterna where they were constrayned to retyre within the towne with the losse of more then three hundred men Conquest draweth with it ambicion insolencies and couetousnes And with men of warre triumphing in the victorie all things seeme to hold of equitie that they do in their rage and couetousnes for the Svvyzzers remeyning alone in the Duchie of Myllan and Pyemont deuised how to taxe and rate the whole contrey being now wholly assured of the french men And albeit the french king for the great affection he bare to the Duchie of Myllan was hardly brought to abandon altogether the affayres of Italy yet necessitie compelled him to harken to the councells of such as aduised him to deferre those deuises to an other tyme and dispose his witts for that sommer to defende the Realme of Fraunce The rather for that the king of England according to the contract made with the king Catholike had sent by sea an armye of six thowsand footemen to Fontarabio A towne of the kingdome of Spayne standing vppon the Occean sea the chiefe ende of this iorney was that ioyning to the companies of the sayd king Catholike they might in one mayne force assayle the Duchie of Guihen he beganne also with an other nauie to skower all alonge the coasts of Normandye and Brittaine to the great astonishment of the peoples of those prouinces Moreouer the french king had no hope to drawe agayne Caesar into amitie with him for that he vnderstoode by the Bishop of Marseilles his last Embassador resident in his Court that he bare a minde farre estraunged he aduertised him also that Caesar had not enterteyned him with so many hopes nor for other regarde debated with him vppon so many matters with so fayre apparance then to wynne occasion to oppresse him when he thought least of it or at least to gyue him as it were some violent and deadely blowe as he gloried that he had done at such tyme as he reuoked the launceknightes Thus Italy being for this yeare assured from the armies of the french king whose souldiours notwithstanding helde as yet Bressia Crema Leguague the castell and lanterne of Genes the castell of Myllan the castell of Cremona with certeine other fortresses of that estate There were discerned amongest the confederats many signes of difference and disagreement for the diuersitie of their wills and their endes for as the Venetians desired to recouer Bressia and Crema as due to them by the articles of capitulacion for that they had borne out the daungers troubles of the warre A matter which the Pope desired likewise for them So on the other side Caesar from whose will the king of Aragon at last could not be seperat thought to appropriate them to him selfe and also to depriue the Venetians of all that had bene iudged to them by the league of Cambray Besides Caesar and the king of Aragon practised but very secretly to make to diuolue the Duchie of Myllan to one of their Nephewes A working quite contrary to the Pope and the Svvyzzers who labored apparantly as much as they could that according to the vniuersall resolucion and consent from the beginning Maxymylian sonne to Lodovvyk Sforce might be restored to the place of his father after whose fall he had remeyned alwayes in Germanye The matter that moued the Pope was a feare he had least Italy shoulde fall into a miserable seruitude of the Almaines and Spanyards And that which induced the Svvyzzers was a desire for their owne profit that that estate shoulde not bee brought into the power of so mightie Princes but rather to stande subiected to one that could not menteyne him selfe without their ayde and succours Which election as it depended almost wholly vppon those in whose power was that estate and for the feare of their forces so the Pope the more to confirme them in that wil and in all necessities to haue in his hande the bridle with the which he might moderate thambicion of Caesar and the kinge Catholike did all that he could to winne their amitie And for that cause besides the great account he made publikely of the nation of Svvyzzers raysing to the starres the actions they had done for the sauetie of the sea Apostolike he gaue them yet for their greater honor the banners of the Church with this glorious title to bee the Champions and defenders of the Ecclesiastike libertie Besides these diuersities the Viceroy had readdressed the spanish companies which after the battell were retyred with him into the kingdom of Naples And beginning eftsoones to march and to passe with them into Lombardye the Pope and the Venetians refused to recontinue the payes of forty thowsand duckats by the moneth which had bene discontinued since the ouerthrowe Their reason was that seeing the frenche armie was chassed home they stoode no more subiect to suche bonde for that it was to ceasse by the articles of the confederacion when soeuer the frenche were expulsed out of Italy Whereunto was replyed on the behalfe of the King of Aragon that it could not bee sayde that the Frenche King was dryuen out of Italy so long as Bressia Crema with other many stronge places stoode at his deuocion Moreouer the Kinge of Aragon together with Caesar complayned in that the Pope did appropriat to him selfe the profitts of the victorie that was common to them both And vsurped that which manifestly apperteyned to an other making him selfe Lorde vnder cooller of certeine reasons subborned or at least so olde and withered that their force was gonne vppon Parma and Plaisance cities which the Lordes of Myllan had holden so long tyme as freeholders of thEmpire The diuersitie was also expressed for matters that concerned the Duke of Ferrara for as the Pope on the one side nourished his auncient couetousnes to vsurpe that Dukedom so on the other side the king of Aragon who desired to preserue protect him stoode yet discontented with the iniurie that was offered to haue staied him at Rome contrary to the law of faith safeconduit giuen for these reasons the Pope deferred to vexe Ferrara exspecting perhaps the yssue of affayres of farre greater importance whereof Caesar not thinking good that any resolucion were made without him dispatched into Italy the Bishop of Gurcy whom he had appoynted to that expedicion euer since after the battell of Rauenna there was negociacion of peace betweene the Pope and the French king he appoynted to sende him then for the feare he had least they compownded amongest them selues without respecting him and his affayres but the mutacion of thinges hapning afterwards he still continued his deuise to sende him In like sorte fell into consideracion the affayres of the Florentyns who beeing filled full of suspicion began now to feele the frutes of the newtralitie which vndiscrâ—etely they had vsed finding with all that it was not sufficient to beare themselues vpon the
take the frute of the benefite which their fortune seemed to offer Andrea Doria he who afterwards was so notable in marine seruice thrust in with a great ship wherof he was owner betwene the castel of the Lantern the french ship and cutting a sunder the cable that was caste to them of the castell and the cables that helde the ankers he set vpon the ship with no lesse felicitie then peril albeit in the fight he was wounded in the face yet by his vallour he wanne and caryed away the shippe The king therefore beeing determined not to deferre the beginning of the warre in which respect and to be ready in al occasions he had already sent many launces into Burgondie Dauphine he thought good now to harken with diligence after the matter debated vpon so many monthes with the Venetians They had bene somewhat deferred and protracted aswell by the one as by the other party both for that sometimes the hope to haue peace with Caesar sometimes the great instance made by the Venetians for Cremona Guiaradada had holden the king in suspence And also in the senat the opinions of Councellors were diuerse for that many of great authoritie in that cōmon weale preferred thaccord with Caesar wherin they shewed that it would be more profitable to discharge them selues for the present of so huge expences with freedome from daungers thereby to be the more ready to embrase thoccasions that would offer then their common weale being so ouerweried and trauelled and the wealth of priuat men abated to entangle thēselues with new warres in companie of the Frenche king whose amitie howe faythfull and assured it was they were not without a late and greene experience Neuerthelesse the greater parte seeming that rarelye an occasion woulde ryse to make them recouer their auncient estate and that thagrement with Caesar he reteyning Verona would not deliuer them from troubles and daungers they reiected all thoughtes and deuises for Cremona and Guiaradada resolued to make confederation with the french king in whose Court it was concluded by Andrea Gritti representing already more the person and place of an Embassador then of a prisoner By this confederation after it was graunted that Bart. Aluiano Andrea Gritti should be set at liberty the Venetians were bound to aide the king with eight hūdred men at armes a thousand fiue hūdred light horsmen ten thousand footmen that against all such as would rise vp to let him for recouering of Ast of Genes the duchy of Millan The king for his part was bound to ioyne with thē vntill they had recouered all that they possessed in Lombardy the Marquisdome of Treuisana afore the league of Cambray Vpon the resolution of this contract Iohn Iacques Triuulce and Bart. Aluiano went to Suso the one to go from thence to Venice by the more sure way and the other to assemble there the army appoynted for the warre It conteined vpon the full muster xv hundred launces eight hundred light horsmen and xv thousande footemen where of eight thousande were Launceknights and the residue of the French nation This army was committed to the authoritie and guyding of Monsr Trimouille whom the king appoynted his liefetenaunt to thend the action might proceede with more reputation In this time the french king made great request to the Pope not to hinder him in recouering his duchy of Millan And the better to conteine the Pope he offred that he would not only not passe further after the victory but also would alwayes referre himselfe to him to make peace vnder what conditions it should please him best To which motions albeit the Pope gaue gracious willing eare and that to drawe better faith to his words he vsed to solicite with the king by the meane and labour of Iulian his brother yet many things made him suspected with the king first the memory of things done afore the time of his Papacie then since he was Pope how he had sent to him Cinthio his familiar fauorit with letters very frendly cōmissions but so generall as they well declared the litle inclination of minde he bare to him or his affaires also for that he had cōsented that Prosp Colōno should be elected captein generall ouer the duchy of Millan A matter which his predecessor had alwaies hindred for the hatred he bare to the famuly of Colonno ▪ he entred also into greater dout by a signification which the Pope addressed to the king of England to cōtinue still in the cōfederation made with Caesar with the king catholike him Lastly he wrote to the cōmunalties of the Svvizzers exhorting thē almost to the defēce of Italie wherin he could not dissimule that he would continue with thē the cōfederation made by his predecessor by the which they were boūd to the defence of thestate ecclesiastik receiuing of him a yerely pension of xx thousand duckets It was also a signe of his wil intētion that he had not receiued into grace the duke of Ferrara but by many excuses deferred to render to him Reggia vntil his brother the cardinal came to Rome who to auoide the persecutions of Pope Iulio was withdrawen into the countrey of Hungaria liued vpon his bishoprike of Agria But the matter that aboue all other things made the king enter into suspicion against the Pope was that he had in great secrecy counselled the state of Venice to come to accord with Caesar A matter cleane contrary to thintētion of the king who also had interpreted in ill part that the Pope declaring that he moued not for other respect thē to satisfie his soueraine duty had writtē vnto him in a kind exhorting not to take armes but rather to expres a dispositiō to finish the war with some honorable cōposition a matter which the king would not haue blamed if for the same desire to peace he had also declared to the king of England that he ought not to make war vpō the frēch king Sure this suspiciō of the king was not without cause for that the Pope desired that the French might be cut off from all seate habitation in Italy either for that he thought it more profitable for the cōmon surety or for the greatnes aduauncement of the church or at least that he kept stil fixed in his mind the remēbrāce of harmes receiued by the crown of Fraunce whervnto albeit his father other his predecessors had borne no litle affection in sundry accidents had reaped many honors profites yet it was an iniury freshe in memorie that his brethren he had bene expulsed Florence by the comming of king Charles and that the king raigning bearing fauour to the popular gouernment had eyther alwayes reiected them or if at any time he showed inclination to them it was to vse them as instrumentes to drawe the Florentins by that suspicion to couenantes of more aduauntage for himselfe without bearing respect or
followed by Frauncis Sforce Duke of Bary to performe the like for his brother Maxymylian Sforce And albeit the Bishop of Gurcy represented in Italy the ful person of Caesar as he did at other times yet laying now aside his pomp and accustomed magnificence he entred more modestly into Rome and forbare by the way to weare the cappe of Cardinall which the Pope had sent to him at Foggibonso At his comming was compownded a compromisse by him and the Venetian Embassadors in the person of the Pope of all the controuersies that were betweene Caesar and their common weale But it was a compromisse more in name and apparance then in effect and substance for that neither of the parties for thimportance of the cause would be referred to an arbytrement suspected vntill they had seuerally and secretly receiued promisse of him that he would not giue vppe his arbytracion without their consent and priuitie The Pope by this authority of Compromitting declared in writing that there should be a surceassing of armes betweene the two parties which albeit was ioyfully accepted by them both was yet ill obserued by the Viceroy for that being come betweene Montagnana and Este besides that he had done no other thing since the victorie then made pillage and ouerronne the whole contry hauing withall sent part of his souldiours to Policena he committed in sondry places many insolencies and harmes sometymes he excused his doings in that they were vpon the landes of Caesar sometimes he alleaged that he exspected new intelligence from the Cardinall of Gurcy lastly the ende of the compromisse was no more happie then had bene the middest and the beginning by reason of difficulties that fell out in the negociacion of affaires for Caesar would out consent to thaccord but with condicion to reteine parte of the townes for the other to receiue a great proporcion of money and of the contrary the Venetians demaunded all the townes and offered a very small summe of money it was beleued also that the king Catholike did secretly disswade the accorde notwithstanding openly he made demonstration to desire it yea it was said that to make it more hard he had at the same time put Bressa into the hands of Caesar a place which the Viceroy neuer til that day would giue vp alleaging that he kept it to make him more inclined to the peace But the causes were coniectured diuersly either he had so farre offended the Venetians that he iudged he would no more enterteine with them a true and assured amitie or else he knew that his reputacion and greatnes in Italie depended vppon continuing and keeping on foote the armie which for want of money he was not able to feede and nourrish but by racking raunsoming the peoples that were his frendes and in making praye and pillage of the countreys that were enemies These difficulties together with the vntowardnesse of the parties made the Pope leaue the matter vnperfect when a litle after the Almains by the helpe of the exiles and banished men tooke Marano vpon the suddeine a seafaring towne in the countrey of Friull and so discended to the like action vpon Montfalcon and albeit the Venetians both for their honor profit desired to reconquer Marano being threescore miles from Venice in that disposition did assaile it both by sea and land yet their fortune being all one in all places they receiued losse vexacion on all sides only Ranso de Cero in that time susteyned the name and credit of their armes to his great praise and merit for albeit there was a great rage of plague and hunger in Crema where he lay in garrison and that the bands of Spanyards and Millanois being dispersed into the townes thereabout by reason of the season he was as it were besieged yet he gaue a suddeine charge vppon Calcinaia a towne of the countrey of Bergamo and stripped Caesar Fieramosquo with forty men at armes and two hundred light horsemen of the regiment of Prospero Colonno And not many dayes after he entred by night into Quinsano and tooke the Lieutenaunt of the Count S. Seuerin and spoyled fifty men at armes and within Treuy stripped ten men at armes of the company of Prospero About this time thinges were quiet enough in other places of Italie sauing that the Adorneis and the Fiesqueis with three thowsand men of the countrey accompanied perhappes with the secret fauor of the Duke of Millan drew neare the walls of Genes after they had taken Spetia and other places of the riuer of Leuant But their fortune being farre inferior to their valour they went away almost ouerthrowen hauing loste parte of the men they brought to thenterprise and certaine peeces of artillerie There appeared also in Tuskane certeine beginninges of new iniuries for the Florentins beganne to molest them of Lucquay trusting that thorow feare of the Pope they should redeeme peace in restoring to them Pietrasanta Mutrona They alleaged besides that it was not conuenient that they should enioy the benefitte of that confederacion which they had broken in minstring secret succours to the Pisans Against these suggestions they of Lucquay complained to the Pope and to the king Catholike in whose protection they were but seeing there grew no remedy to them they were at last contented to auoyde greater mischiefes to referre a compromisse to the person of the Pope Who hauing like authoritie for the Florentins pronounced that they of Lucquay who had affore rendered to the Duke of Ferrara Garsagnana shoulde leaue to the Florentins the places of Pietrasanta and Mutrona and that there should remayne betwene them a perpetuall peace confederation About the ende of this yere the Castles of Millan and Cremona who for the necessitie of vittells had agreed to yeelde if they were not succored in a certayne time were deliuered into the power of the Duke of Millan So that there remayned no more that the French king helde in Italie but the lanterne of Genes which in the end of the same yere the Genovvaies assayed to caste downe by mynes They approched to it vnder the benefite of a Caske or vessell of wood conteining thirtie fadomes in length and twentie in breadth within which was stowage for three hundred men and set rounde about with packes of wooll the better to defende the shotte At the first showe it caryed great arte and deepe inuention but being brought to tryall it serued to litle vse as most often is seene by those newe and straunge workes The ende of the eleuenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE TWELFTH BOOKE THe king of Englande makes vvarre vpon the French king The Venetians recouer Friull The Pope as arbitrator pronounceth peace betvvene them and the king of Romains King Lovvis the xij dyeth Frauncis the firste commeth to the Crovvne and discendeth into Italie to reconquer Millan THE TVVELFTH BOOKE OF THE historie and discourse of Guicciardin THERE happned the same yere in the regions beyonde the Mountes most
that he knewe well enough the estate of that daunger but on the other side was to be considered the perill that might breede of the disunion of those kings that in a matter of so greate importance it was harde to ballance things perfectly and to finde a councell that were wholly cleare from those daungers That in all euentes the Svvizzers woulde defende the duchie of Millan And lastly he answered that it was necessarie in deliberations so vncertayne and difficulte to referre one part to tharbitrement of aduenture and fortune What soeuer was the cause eyther for the authoritie of the Pope or by the proper inclination of the parties there began immediatly a practise of accorde betwene the king of Englande and the Frenche king The mocions and forespeeches of it were begon by the Pope with the Bishop of Yorke and were with diligence caryed into England whither for that busines the king sent the generall of Normandy but vnder culler to treate for the deliuery of the Marquis of Rhothelin Assone as he was come there was proclaymed a surceassing of armes by lande onely betweene the two Realmes so long as the generall remayned in Englande The king of Englandes inclination to peace was encreased by the occasion of newe iniuries for where Caesar had promised not to ratifie without him the truce made by the king Catholike he sent notwithstanding to the same king thinstrumente of ratification and by a letter whiche he wrote to the Frenche king he ratified in the name of Caesar but reteyned thinstrument the better to vse his artificiall semblaunces and demonstrations Assone as the negociation was begonne betweene the two kinges the Pope desirous to purchase grace with them bothe sente by poste into Fraunce the Byshoppe of Tricaro to offer him all his authoritie and facultie and to that ende he arryued in Englande by the suffraunce of the sayde king At the firste opening of this practise for peace there fell out manye difficulties for that the kinge of Englande demaunded Boleine in Pikardye wyth a greate summe of money But at laste all the differences fell vppon the towne of Tornaye the kinge of Englande stryuing to reteyne it and the French obiecting some difficultie In so muche as the king of Englande dispatched in poste to the Frenche kinge the Bishop of Tricaro whom he charged without imparting in what nature of particularitie consisted the difficultie to declare to the king from him that in regarde of so greate a benefite he shoulde not stande vppon so many suttle difficulties but to consider that in a Prince reason shoulde beare more imperie then passion The Frenche kinge because he woulde neither do wrong to his Crowne nor yll content hys people the towne of Tornay beeing verie noble and loyall to the Crowne of Fraunce caused the matter to be debated in full Councell wherein was an assistaunce of the principalles of his Courte who aduised him with one voyce to embrace peace yea vnder the condition offred And yet in that tyme the kinge Catholike dyd what he coulde to breake it offering the king manye plottes and deuises but specially to minister to hym all his meanes and fauours to conquer the duchie of Millan But the aunswere beeing returned into Englande that the Frenche king stoode contented with the resolution of Tornaye the peace succeeded and was concluded in the beginning of August betweene the two kings duryng theyr lyues and for one yeare after their death In the capitulation it was expressed that Tornay should remayne to the kinge of Englande to whome the Frenche kinge shoulde paye sixe hundred thowsande crownes and that in suche sorte of distribution that the Frenche kinge shoulde make payment of an hundred thousande frankes euery yeare till the full payment was satisfied That they shoulde bee bounde to defende their estates mutually and reciprocally with tenne thousande footemen if the warre wente by lande and with six thousande onely if the warre were made by sea That the french king should be bounde to serue the king of Englande in all hys affayres with twelue hundred launces and the king of Englande likewise to minister to his seruices with ten thousande footemen Thexpences to be defrayed by either of them that should haue nede of the men Both the one and other of them named the Skottishe king tharchduke and the Empire But Caesar and the king Catholike were not named The Svvizzers had a nomination but it bare a condition that who soeuer woulde defende agaynst the French king the estate of Millan Genes or Ast should be excluded out of the nomination This peace which was made with a wonderful readines was confirmed by the mariage of the kings sister of Englande with the Frenche king vnder condition that he should acknowledge to haue receiued foure hundred thousand crownes for her dowry The contract or handfestings were made in Englande where the king Catholikes embassador was not in presence for the great hatred the king of Englande bare to the king his maister And euen vpon the conclusion and resolution of this peace came to the Courte of Fraunce thinstrument of ratification which Caesar had made together with his commission and the king Catholikes for conclusion of the mariage that was solicited betwene Ferd. d'Austriche and the seconde daughter of Fraunce not yet foure yeares of age But the practise of that mariage vanished presently by reason of the peace that was now established And the Frenche king to satisfie better the king of England gaue order that the Duke of Suffolke Capteine generall of the Launceknightes that were in his pay should departe the dominions of Fraunce in whom the honors recompences that the king made to him ouercame all occasions of discontentment the bountie and liberalitie of the one being no greater then the affabilitie and disposition of the other The Pope had also in this time made new aliances for that according to his dissimulations he wished on the one side that the frēch king should not recouer the duchie of Millan and on the other side he sought to enterteine the king and the other princes as much as he could with sundry meanes And therfore he had delt with the king by the Cardinall S. Seuerin who managed his affayres in the court of Rome that seing the times suffred not to knit betwene them a more great and more discouered aliance that at least there might be layed a beginning fundation whervpon might be raysed a hope to accomplish at an other time a more straite intelligence to those ends he sent him the particularities of articles But the french king notwithstanding he made demonstration to like well of the motion did not answer so directly spedily as was looked for he was xv dayes in resoluing either for thimpedimēt of other affayres or that he exspected some answere from an other place to th ende to proceede according to the trayne of affayres By which delaying the Pope entred into newe capitulations for a
yere with Caesar and the king Catholike which yet comprehended no other matter then the defence of their common estates for the king Catholike was entred afore not without cause into suspicion that be aspired to the realme of Naples for Iulian his brother and had already enterteyned in that action some practise with the Venetians This newe confederation was scarcely established and concluded when the French kings answere came By it he approued all that the Pope had propounded with this onely addition that since he was to bynde hym selfe to the protection of the Florentins of Iulio de Medicis hys brother and Lavvrence hys nephew whom the Pope had aduaunced to thadministration of th affayres of Florence that he woulde reciprocally be bounde to the defence of the Crowne of Fraunce But the Pope excused him selfe touching the action of capitulation with Caesar and the king Catholike that seeing how long he deferred to make aunswere to a demaunde so reasonable he coulde not but enter into some doubt And yet the confederation was but for a short time and conteined no matter preiudiciall to him nor to hinder the perfection of the practise begonne betwene them These iustifications were accepted by the king and so they passed the couenaunt not by instrument authentike to hold it more secret but by a priuate writing subsigned by both their handes The peace betwene the king of Englande and the French king was more sodayne and easie then was exspected being vnlikely that so great hatreds redoubled by new iniuries should with such facilitie be conuerted into amitie and aliance happly the peace was not liking to the Pope who aswell as others was perswaded that there might grow betwene them rather a truce then a peace or at least if it resolued to the nature of a peace it would eyther intangle the king with harder conditions or at least with obligation not to assayle the duchie of Millan for a certayne tyme But it brought incredible discontentment to Caesar and the king Catholike who as there is none euill in humaine actions which hath not ioyned with it some good so he assured notwithstanding that he receiued by it in his minde two contentmentes The one for that tharchduke his nephewe beeing out of hope to giue his sister for wife to the Frenche king and entring withall into distruste of the king of Englande would be nowe compelled to do nothing without his counsell and authoritie The other for that the Frenche king standing nowe in good possibilitie of children the succession of Monsr de Angonlesme was put in doubt to whome he bare no little hatred for that he norished a great desire to restore the king of Nauarre to his estate Onely the Svvizzers gaue it out that they reioysed all at that accorde notwithstanding they reteyned agaynst the French king the same hatred they did before The reason of their gladnes grew of an opinion they had that the french king being now at libertie would take occasion to recontinue the warre in the duchy of Millan by which meane they should eftsones begin to declare to all the world their vertue and their fayth And truely it was not to be doubted that the french king being now deliuered almost of al feare to haue warre beyond the Mountes would not be touched with his old desire to reconquer the duchy of Millan only it could not be discerned whether he would presently dispose him selfe to armes or deferre it tyll the yeare following for that the facilitie of thenterprise appeared to all men but there was none that discerned any signe of preparations In whiche vncertayntie the Pope notwithstanding that conquest was grieuous to him stirred him vp not to deserre nor corrupt the present occasions wherein he gaue him to vnderstande that all thinges were yll prepared to make resistance both for that the Spanishe armie was diminished and yll payed the peoples of Millan reduced to great pouertie straitnesse and also none was hable to aduaunce money to make the Svvizzers march These perswasions caryed so muche the greater force and authoritie by how much a litle before the peace with the king of Englande the Pope expressing a desire that the Frenche king should recouer Genes had giuen him a certayne hope to induce Octauian Fregoso to compound with him Assuredly the Pope in this action proceded not with sinceritie good meaning which disposition moued in him as was supposed for that seeing euery one yll furnished and no lesse doubting least the French king woulde make that expedition without his councell since he had his men at armes in readynes and many leauyes of Launceknightes at his deuotion thought by that meane to preuent and winne his frendship perhappes and in this he proceeded with greater suttletie he was enduced by the knowledge he had that the Emperour and the king Catholike were of opinion that it was not lawfull to the French king to inuade the Duchie of Millan An opinion which though they supposed to be true yet the Frenche king denied it a â—uowing that it was good in him he was not forbidden to take armes against the estate of Millan during the truce By reason whereof the Pope perswading him selfe that the king would not enter into thenterprise thought he would expresse to him a good disposicion of will which also should serue him for excuse if an other time he required succours of him And the matter succeded according to his opinion for the king being resolued either for that cause or for his present necessitie of money or lastly for the nearenes of the winter not to enter into armes affore the spring time and making show that he had confidence that euen in that time the Popes fauor woulde not faile him he wrote aunswere to him alleaging many excuses touching his deserring but conceiled the excuse of the truce which yet endured and perhappes was the principall Neuerthelesse he had desire to attempt the reconquering of Genes or at least to succour the lantern which the same yere by his direction had bene reuittelled many times with certaine proporcions of vittels by the aduenture of sundry smal vessels who making as though they woulde enter the porte of Genes dissembled with the warders and were profitable to them of the lantern But at last thextremitie of vittells growing aboue all remedie and no lesse diligence of the enemie to keepe them suppressed in that want their calamitie not able to temporise and exspect any longer after succours the garrison within was driuen to yeelde it vp to the Genovvais who in their spite rased it from the fundacions A matter not a litle displeasing to the king And albeit the losse of this fortresse tooke wholly from the king all cogitacions to vrge a present warre against the Genovvaies yet it diminished nothinge his disposicion to the action of Millan whereunto he turned all his preparacions to inuade the yeare following that state with maine armies he hoped that the Pope both for the
of the king of England he did not of new determine to make warre but rather did enterteyne and recontinue the plot that was layed before Therefore because they would not be taken vnprouided they fell to solicit a confederacion with the Pope and with the Svvyzzers But the Pope enterteyning both parties with wordes gracious and studying to nourish them all with diuers hopes deferred stil to make any certaine declaracion And touching the Svvyzzers their former hatreds did not onely still continue but by time were made greater by increase of occasions for that the causes that had taken their beginning of griefes publike bothe for the deniall of augmentacion of their pensions for the calling of launceknightes to the kinges paye and for the disdaynefull and iniurious wordes deliuered against their nation were redoubled and reincreased of priuate sorowes displeasures and ambicious desires The same rising both vppon an enuie which the Commons bare to many perticulars receiuing giftes and pensions of the king also for that those factions that most hotly obiected them selues against such as followed the french amities which commonly were called at that time Gallizzanti being by that meane aduaunced with the fauor of the Commons into reputacion and greatnes feared a diminucion of their authoritie if the common weale were of new reallied with the french In so much that the councell disputacion of affaires passing not in a coursse of publike zeale but with ambicion and dissentions ciuill these bearing more credit then the Gallizanti it was obteyned that they should refuse the vnreasonable offers of the french king In this disposicion of mindes and affayres thEmbassadors of Caesar king of Aragon Duke of Myllan assembled and met affore the Svvyzzers contracted with them in the name of their Princes a confederacion for the defence of Italy reseruing a respit for the Pope to enter vntil the Monday of the lent following In this capitulacion it was agreed that to compell the french king to disclaime all his rights interests in the Duchie of Myllan the Svvyzzers receiuing monethly of the other cōfederats xxx thowsand duckats should inuade either Burgondy or Dauphyne And the king Catholike with a mightie army should make strong warre vpon the realme of Fraunce either vpon the side of Parpignan or Fonterabye By these inuasions the confederats pretended that the french king cōpelled to apply to the defense of his own realme should haue no oportunitie to molest the Duchy of Millan though he had made a resolucion agreable to his will this deliberacion of the king was kept secret vntill the moneth of Iune but at last such was the greatnes and care of the seuerall preparacions that they could no longer dissemble so great and apparant stirres The prouisions of money were great vniuersally reached to all the parts in the realme he leauied many bandes of launceknightes he caused to be drawne towardes Lyon great stoare of artilleries And had lately sent into Guyhen to leauy tenne thowsande footemen from the marches of Nauarro vnder Peter of Nauarro who was newly entred into his pay This was the reason that he ioyned him selfe to the french seruice the king of Aragon was discontented with him and charged him most of all others with the ill successe of the battell of Rauenna he would not pay his ransom that was rated at twentie thowsand duckats which the late king had giuen to the Marquis of Rottelyn to recompense in some parte the hundred thowsand crownes which he had paid in England for his ransom but the new king electing him to his seruice defraied his ransom at his first comming to the crowne tooke him into his pay which yet the sayed Peter of Nauarro would not accept till for the safetie of his honor he had sent to the king of Aragon to excuse himselfe that being abandoned of him he gaue place to necessitie renouncing notwithstanding the estates which he had giuen him in the kingdome of Naples By this time it was manifest to all the worlde that those preparacions tended to make warre vpon the Duchie of Millan that the king determined to goe thether in person So that the kinge beganne in demaundes and speaches discloased to require the Pope to ioyne with him wherein he vsed besides many other instrumentes and perswasions by the meane of Iulian his brother who had newly taken for wife Philiberta sister to Charles Duke of Sauoye and aunt to the king by the mothers side his dowrie being assigned to him vpon the hundred thowsande crownes which the Pope gaue him This gaue the kinge some hope that the Pope respecting the alliance would be readily inclined to embrase his amity the rather for that he hauing before treated with the king Catholike to mary Iuliā with one of his parentes which was of the house of Cardoua it seemed he had preferred that alliance to the other more for his owne regard then for other reason he douted not also that Iulian would not willingly help forward for desire to get by that meane some estate by the which he might furnish thexpenses conuenient to so great a mariage with all the better to establish the perpetuall gouernment which the Pope had newly giuen him of the cities of Modona Reggia Parma and Plaisance which being not supported by the fauor of mightie Princes he had litle hope to be hable to keepe them after the death of his brother But the king began euen now to fall from his hope both for that the Pope had transferred to the king of Aragon for two yeres the moneys and collections called the Croissards of the realme of Spaine whereof it was thought he would draw by way of contribucion aboue a million of duckattes And also for that he heard with great inclinacion Alberto Carpy Ier. Vich Embassadors of Caesar and the king Catholike who did not only keepe almost alwayes about him but also it seemed the Pope did communicate with them all his councells Neuerthelesse the Pope interteined the king in suspence both giuing good wordes and showing sounde intencion to those that negociated for the king but alwayes without any resolucion as one that desired aboue all other thinges that the Duchie of Millan shoulde not bee possessed by forreyne Princes Therefore the king whom it imported to bee better assured of his intencion addressed to him newe Embassadours amongest whome was VVilliam Buda of Paris a man in science of humanitie eyther Greeke or Latin of most absolute and onely erudicion of all the learned men of our time Afterwardes he sent to him in the same legacion Antho. Maria Paluoisino A man verie acceptable to the Pope seeking to omitte no meane wherein might bee any oportunitie to aduaunce his purpose But all was labour loste for that before his comminge euen from the moneth of Iulie he had verie secretlie contracted with the others for the defense of the estate of Myllan Notwithstandinge seekinge to keepe couered that resolucion
foure dayes to the obedience of the Church But the Castell of Sinigalo made no delay to folow the course of the victorie as also the strong Castell of Pesero after it had bene two dayes executed with artilleries compounded to giue vp if within twentie dayes it were not reskewed so farfoorth as during this time of truce or exspectation of succours there were no casting of rampiers nor other sort of fortifications which condition being yll performed was the cause that Tranquillo receiuing no reskew within the tyme appoynted refused to deliuer it vp and beginning a fresh to recontinue the warre he made new sallies and actions vpon thenemy without which made his destinie the harder for that the batterie beginning to play with greater furie the souldiors within the Castell preferring their owne safetie affore the wyll of Tranquillo drewe into mutinie agaynst him and deliuered him vp into the hands of the capteines who condemned him to be hanged for his promise breaking Not many dayes after was rendred the castell of Maiuola a place very necessarie to besiege S. Leo for that it is but a myle distance and hath his situation directly opposite And they bestowed about S. Leo two thousande men to th end to keepe it besieged And albeit for the strong situation there was no hope to carie it but by the laste necessitie whiche is hunger yet it was surprised within three monethes by an inuention of a maister Capenter who clymbing by nighte by the benefite of a very long Ladder vp to a clyffe or dependant supposed to be most inaccessible of all that mountayne he tooke away his ladder and remayning there all the residue of the night he began at the firste appearing of the day to clyme higher with certayne fastning instrumentes of yron and got at laste with greate aduenture to the top of the mountayne and so discending agayne and with his yron instrumentes making easie certaine of the places that were of most difficultie he returned the night folowing to the campe by the helpe of the same ladder that caryed him vp he declared to the capteines that the mountayne was accessible and that in the enterprise the danger was greater in opinion then in aduenturing in so much as a night was appoynted when he was sent thither with the same ladder that he first vsed And as it was reasonable that he should be guyde of thaction that was the first author of thinuention so there were committed to him a hundred and fiftie footmen of choyse with whome staying vpon the sayde cliffe or dependant they began at the opening of the day for it was impossible to climbe higher by night to mount vp those very harde and straite places esteeming nothing of the perill when they considered what glorie was in the aduenture with this labour about thirtie of them ouercame the difficultie of the place and gotte vp to the toppe of the mountayne with a drumme and six ensignes and hiding them selues vpon the ground to exspect their companions that were a climing when the watch being then releued espyed them as they laye in ambushe vpon the earth The watche gaue the alarme when the souldiors being now disclosed not tarying for their felows gaue the signe to the army in the camp who according to good direction tooke knowledge of the successe of the climers and with great store of ladders offred a present assault to the mountayne in many places Their chiefest reason in this assault was to drawe away those that were within who after they had somewhat serued the places they were apponted vnto and discrying already vpon the playne of the mountaine six ensignes aduaunced they ranne to enclose themselues within the Castell that was hewed out of the mountayne hauing now more feare of their lyues then confidence in the inuincible strength of the place The residue by this time beeing clymed vp to the top of the mountaine they began to commaunde the whole place opening the way to others that as yet with great payne difficultie were labouring to winne the top of the hill But the resolution of the clymers beeing farre aboue the vallour of the defendantes in whom also the sodennesse of the fortune redoubled their feare the mountayne became a rewarde to the labours of those that had aduentured to clymbe it when the Castell also well prouided of all thinges to holde out sauing of vallour and fidelitie yelded the seconde day In so much as vpon the conquering of this estate which together with Pesera Siuigalo seperat members from the Duchie of Vrbin was not worth in reuenue aboue xxv thousande duckets The Pope pursuing the processe he had begon published sentence depriued Frauncis Maria and in the consistory inuested his nephew Lavvrence wherin for a more hable and sufficient cōfirmation of his doings he annexed to the Bull which he dispatched for that action the subscribing of the proper hands of all the Cardinalls sauing of Dominike Grimani Bishop of Vrbin and an auncient frend to the Duke who would not be concurrant in so manifest a wrong for that cause fearing the Popes indignatiō he departed afterwards from Rome whether he neuer returned so long as he liued The french king was discōtented with thoppression of the duke of Vrbin the rather for that he suffred priuation of his estate for being cōfederat with him But he stood much more displeased for many other things that the Pope did for Prospero Colonno abiding at Basseta a town of the Paluoisins at such time as he was returned frō Fraūce afterwards being come to Modona for feare of the frēchmen whither likewise was retired Ier. Morono who also stood in dout of thē for that contrary to their promises they had cōmanded him to go into Fraunce There was conspiracie whilest Prospero lay at Modona afterwards at Bolognia to surprise secretly some place of importance in the duchie of Millan by the working of some of the banished men In this practise was also concurrant Mucio Colonno to whom the Pope hauing priuity in these actions had graunted harbour for his bandes of souldiors vpon the territories of Modena Moreouer the Pope had perswaded the king Catholike for so was tharchduke called since the death of his grandfather by the mother side to make no newe conuentions with the Frenche king And on the behalfe of the Svvizzers Emius Bishop of Verulo and the Popes Nuncio to whom afterwards euen in his latest yeares was transferred the creation and dignitie of Cardinall stirred vp the fiue Cantons to folow the amitie of Caesar besides many other offices displeasing to the king So that concurring also at the same time a practise betweene Caesar who remayning betwene Trent and Ispurch terrified the French men more with demonstrations then with effects and the king of Englande and the Svvizzers to make a newe inuasion vppon the Duchie of Millan The Frenche king suspected that these matters were wrought with the will and priuitie of the Pope
the chiefe Magistrate of that Citie And as one furie draweth on an other and in an vprore is seldome seene any moderacion so they ranne with their armed weapons throughout the towne and made slaughter of diuerse other Citisens their aduersaries with suche an vniuersall terror and feare that not one durst oppose agaynst them Neuerthelesse assone as the first violence was somewhat ceassed the same feare that had amased others beganne to terrifie themselues by the remorse and greatnes of the offences they had done In which oportunitie certayne wise Citisens thrusting in to solicite and appease the murderers issued out of the Citie vnder certayne condicions and afterwardes were sharpely persecuted by thinhabitantes of Lucquay Thus were the matters of Lombardie and Tuskane brought to some appeasement but the College of Cardinalls taking no care of thestates of the Church partly for the Popes absence but more for the ambicion and disagreementes that were betwene them Sigismond the sonne of Pandolfo Malateste an auncient Lorde of Rimini tooke almost wholly into his handes the gouernment of that City hauing therin but a very small intelligence And albeit Cardinall Medicis at thinstance of the Colledge went to Bolognia as Legate of that Citie both to recouer Rimini and to reorder the other affayres of Romagnia whiche were muche troubled and altered to whom the Colledge had promised to sende to his succours the Marquis of Mantua capteine generall of the Churche yet nothing sorted to effect no lesse by the wantes and impedimentes of money then through the iealousie and emulacion of the Cardinalls his aduersaries who obiected themselues agaynst all counsells and actions that any waye might aduaunce his reputacion or greatnes The ende of the fourtenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE FIFTENTH BOOKE POpe Adrian comes to Rome The Venetians make league vvith themperour The Frenchmen besiege Millan and are constrayned aftervvardes to returne from it Cardinall Medicis is created Pope King Frauncis discendeth into Italie he taketh Millan and besiegeth Pauia Themperour Charles sendeth out an armie to the succours of Pauia vvhere a battell is fought and the French king taken prisoner THE FYFTEENTH BOOKE OF THE historie and discourse of Guicciardin ALBEIT the late victorie agaynst the Frenche men had somewhat reduced the matters of Lombardie into an estate peasible and setled yet it had nothing diminished the vniuersal suspicion that the king would eftsones recontinue the warre and in short time bring new inuasions vpon the Duchie of Millan for both his owne kingdome stoode quiet and acquited from ciuill troubles his Capteines and bandes of men of warre whom he had sent into Italie were returned in safetie the Svvizzers well disposed and prepared to take his paye as before and lastely the Senate of Venice stoode firme with him in the auncient league and confederacion Whiche argumentes ioyned to the remembrance and passion of his harmes receyued and no lesse concurring the violent inclinacion of his youth naturally caryed with moodes of reuenge were sufficient to arme his minde with bloody desires and to make him by his vallour to seeke to recompence the displeasures whiche the malice and enuie of his fortune had lately heaped vpon him By the consideracion of which daunger the Capteines of thimperialls were driuen to enterteine and paye th armie A compulsion very harde and grieuous for that they receiued no supplies of money neither from Caesar nor from the kingdome of Naples And touching thestate of Millan it was so narrowly raked and gleaned that of their proper treasor and habilitie they were not able to susteine so great a proporcion of exspences as were distributed to the feeding of so many souldiors And therefore for the releeuing of so great burdens they sent the greatest parte of their companies to be bestowed vppon the estates of the Churche notwithstanding the popular voyces and College of Cardinalls obiected many impedimentes and vayne exclamacions Also other prouinces of Italie were taxed for the conseruacion of the Duchie of Millan and that by the labour and solicitacion chiefly of Don Charles de Lauoy lately made Viceroy of Naples by the death of Don Reimond de Cardona and Don Iohn Manuell The rate of thimposition was that monthly for three monthes next folowing thestate of Millan should contribute a thousande duckets the Florentins fyfteene thousande the Genovvayes eight thousande Siena fiue thousande and Lucgua foure thousand And albeit many murmured agaynst this taxacion yet the feare of so great an armie made it to be both executed and suffred So mightie is necessitie that in cases of extremitie it makes tollerable those things which in all other condicions are ful of inconueniencie and difficultie Onely they of Millan iustified the taxacion to be necessarie for that the defence of all Italie depended vppon the continuacion of that armie Neither dyd it cease after the ende of three monthes for that the same necessitie continuing the imposicion was eftsones renewed though in a farre lesse rate and taxacion In this estate of affayres Italie stoode oppressed with continuall aduersities and no lesse terrified with the feare of greater euills that threatned the vniuersall regions thereof for the remedie whereof muche was attributed to the comming of the Pope as an apt and conuenient instrument by reason of his supreme authoritie to appease and reorder all disorders And albeit Caesar passing at the same time by sea into Spayne and in his way did cōmunicate with the king of Englande had besought him to tarye for him at Barcelona whither he would come in person to honor him as Pope yet ye forbare to abyde themperours comming eyther fearing least for the great distance of themperour who as yet was in thextreme consines of Spayne he should let slippe the commoditie of his good tyme which after his nauigacion began to be rough and daungerous or else he suspected least themperour would solicite him to deferre his voyage or lastly which was more credible he feared to aggrauate thopinion conceiued of him from the beginning that themperour dyd so muche gouerne him as to be hable to lette him to treate of the vniuersall peace betwene Christians An action wherein he was determined to employe all his studies and labours So that ouerruling by his wisdome all these suspicions he passed at last by sea to Rome where he made his entry the xxix of August with a great concourse of the commons and the whole Court of whom albeit his comming was desired with an vniuersall gladnes for that without the presence of the Popes Rome beareth more a resemblance of a sauage deserte then of a Citie yet that spectacle wrought sundrie impressions and diuersitie of thoughtes in the mindes of all men when they considered that they had a Pope for nation language a straunger and for th affayres of Italie and the Court altogether vnexperienced and also for that he was not of those regions and countreys who by long conuersacion were already made familiar with the customes of Italie The
causes helping to their deferring But the matter that most encreased the suspence of their mindes was that the French king who with great industrie prepared him selfe to the warre had sent the Bishop of Bayeulx to desire them to deferre to resolue any thing till the next moneth by whome he assured them that before that terme he would marche with a greater armie then had bene seene in Italy in the age of man And as they stoode in this doubt and perplexitie of minde Anthony Gryman Duke of the same citie dyed and Andrevv Gritty was chosen into his place An election rather preiudiciall to the French affayres then otherwaies for assoone as he was raysed to that dignitie he referred wholly to the Senat the deliberacion councell of that matter and would neuer afterwards either in word or deede showe him selfe enclyned to either part But at last because the king continued to send fresh corriers to the Senate and was importunat in offers and promisses And for that there was speciall aduertisement that to assure thexpectacion of the warre Anne Montmoransy afterwards Constable of Fraunce and Federyk Bossolo were vppon their way to Venice ThEmbassadors of thEmprour and the king of England to whome this deferring was much suspected began to protest to the Senate that they would departe within three dayes and leaue all thinges in their imperfection By reason of which protestaciō imploying a maner of thretning also that the fidelity that was gathered in the french promises began to diminish finding nothing but vaine hopes but chiefly by the aduertisement of their Embassador resident in Fraunce they were cōstrained to determine to embrace the amity of thEmperour with whom they entred into contract vnder these condicions That betwene thEmperour Ferdinand Archduke of Austria and Frauncis Sforce Duke of Millan on the one partie and the Senate of Venice on thother partie should be a perpetuall peace confederacion That the Senate in times of neede shoulde sende for the defense of the Duchie of Millan six hundred men at armes sixe hundred light horsemen and six thowsande footemen That they should administer the like proporcion for the defense of the kingdom of Naples but in case it should be inuaded by the Christians for the Venetians refused to be bound generally because they would not stirre vp the Turke against them That thEmperour should be bound to defend against all men all that the Venetians possessed in Italie and that with the like number and proporcion of men That the Venetians should pay in eight yeares to thArchduke for appaisement of their auncient controuersies for thaccord made at VVormes two hundred thowsand duckats vpon the end of this agreement the Senate hauing dismissed Theoder Triuulce chose Frauncis Maria Duke of Vrbin for gouernor generall of their men of warre with the same condicions It was a common iudgement of most of the wisemen in Italie that the frenche king finding those aides to be turned against him which affore had bene of his side would put of the enterprise of Millan for that yere Neuerthelesse when they heard that the preparacions did not onely continue but that the armie began to marche such as stoode in feare of his victorie fell the better to resist him to make a newe confederacion wherein they perswaded the Pope to be chiefe and principall Here is to be remembred that where the Pope at his first descending into Italie stoode desirous to haue an vniuersall peace and looking with great compassion into the harmes which grewe vppon Christendom by the victories of the Turkes he sent to thEmperour to the french king and the king of England to depose for the time their armes so hurtfull for the common weale of Christendom and euery of them seuerally to sende Embassadors to Rome with fulnes of power to consult of the necessary remedies and releuing of the lamentable afflictions of the Christians This was performed by them all in apparance but beginning to treate more particularly of things it was presently discerned that those labors were vaine for the infinite difficulties that fell out when they came to the point of peacemaking so many impedimentes do follow the deliberacion of great causes and so hard it is to reconcile controuersies of estate which ordinarily draw with them their infinite suspicions and differences for a truse for a short time was nothing agreable to thEmperour neither did it in any sorte serue thexspectacion of his purposes And the frenche king refused to make it for a longer time so hurtfull was it for him to protract or temporise that had all his prouisions for the warre aduaunced In which separacion of minde betwene these two great Princes the Pope either for the auncient affection which eftsoones beganne to reuiue in him towards thEmperour or for that he discerned the thoughts of the french king to be estraunged from peace and concord discouered his inclinacion and began more then he was wont to harken to those that encoraged him not to suffer the french to possesse againe the Duchie of Millan This oportunitie was obserued by the Cardinall Medicis who hauing remeyned at Florence for feare of the persecutions of his enemies but chiefly of the Cardinall of Volterro who stoode very great and gracious with the Pope tooke to him a new corage and came to Rome where he was receiued of most of the Court with great honor and respect There ioyning him selfe with the Duke of Sesso thEmprours Embassador and with thEmbassadors of the king of England he fauored that cause and furthered it all that he could with the Pope It is seene often in the course and practise of worldly things that the falling of one man is the rising of an other by which propertie of reuolucion is apparantly proued that mortal men are subiect to the law of nature and fortune for in this aduauntage of variacion and chaunge the ill hap of Cardinall Volterro which almost alwayes troubled his wit his pollicie and all his drifts heaped vpon him a great domage and daunger And in that oportunitie was giuen to the Cardinall Medicis a notable meane to enter into greater grace and authoritie with the Pope who affore bare a constant inclination to the Cardinall Volterro for that both by his industrie and apt insinuacion of wordes he had brought him to beleeue that he desired nothing more then an vniuersall peace throughout all Christendom This was thaccident One Frauncis Imperiale being banished from Sicile went into Fraunce And being staied at Castelnoua neare Rome by the deuise of the Duke of Sesso there was found about him a packet of letters written by the Cardinall Volterro to his Nephew the Bishop of Xainctes By these letters he gaue councell to the French king to inuade the I le of Sicile with an armie by sea by which inuasion thEmprours forces should necessarily be turned to the defense of it and so the enterprise of Myllan would become more easie to the French The detection of this
drawing thether with their forces The Viceroy was appointed to goe against the Marquis of Rothelin who was come ouer the Mounts with foure hundred launces Neuertheles assoone as he vnderstood of the fortune of the Admirall and that he was retyred he returned also into Fraunce holding it vaine for him to followe further thenterprise when the principall forces were dispersed Besides Monsr de Boysy and Iulio Saint Seuerin to whom was committed the gard of Alexandria made no resistance In like sort Federyk after he had demaunded respit of a fewe dayes to know if the Admirall were passed the Mountes compownded to yeeld vp Loda vppon the condicion that was accorded to them of Alexandria to leade into Fraunce the bands of Italian footemen who conteining a regiment of fiue thousande men did speciall seruice to the King afterwardes This was the end of the warre that was managed against the Duchie of Myllan vnder the gouernment of the Admiral of Fraunce By the which neither the kings power being much weakened nor the rootes of harmes remooued much lesse that so many calamities were cleane taken away seeing they were but deferred to an other season and Italy in the meane while remeining discharged of trobles present but not of suspicion of further aduersities to come And yet Themprour no lesse by the incitacion of the Duke of Burbon then by the hope that the authoritie and name of that man might serue him to speciall purpose Was of minde to transferre the warre into Fraunce to the which also the King of Englande showed a readines and disposicion In the beginning of this yeare Themprour had sent his Camp to Fontarabie a towne of verie smal circuit standing vppon the debatable lands that deuide Fraunce from Spaine And albeit the towne was very wel manned and furnished with artilleries and vittelles and leasure sufficient to them within to make it fortefied yet the fortifications being ill made through the ignorance of the Frenche men the towne laye open to the fury of thenemies who heaping vppon the defendants one necessitie after an other constrained them at last to giue it vp only with the safetie of their lyues He was not satisfied with the recouerie of this place but stretching his thoughtes further he made his ambicion no lesse then his fortune and in those conceites being raised to further enterprise he kept no reckoning of the comfortes and authoritie of the Pope who hauing sent in the beginning of the yeare to Themprour the Frenche King and to the King of Englande to solicit a peace or a truse he found their mindes very ill disposed to giue ouer the warre For the French king consenting to a truse for two yeares refused to make peace for the small hope he had to obteine thereby suche condicions as he desired And the Emprour reiecting the truse by the which was giuen good tyme to the Frenche King to reordeine his forces to folow a new warre desired to haue peace And touching the King of Englande any sort of composicion that was offred to be made by the Popes meanes was displeasing to him as in whom was alwayes a desire that the treatie of thaccorde might bee wholly referred to him To this he was induced by the ambicious counselles of the Cardinall of Yorke who seruing as a true example in our dayes of an immoderate pride notwithstanding he was of very base condicion and no lesse abiect for his parentes and discending yet he was risen to suche an estate of authoritie and grace with the King that in most of the actions of the realme the kings wil seemed nothing without thapprobacion of the Cardinall as of the contrary what so euer the Cardinall did deliberate was either absolute or at least had very great force But both the King and his Cardinall kept dissembled with the Emprour that thought by apparances showed a very forward inclination to moue warre against the realme of Fraunce which the King of Englande pretended lawfully to apperteyne to him He grounded his claime vppon these reasons King Edvvard the thirde after the death of the Frenche King Charles the fourth called the faire who dyed without issue male in the yeare of our saluacion 1328. and of whose sister the sayde King Edvvarde the third was borne Made instance to be declared King of Fraunce as next heire male to the French king deceassed Neuertheles he was put by by the generall Parliament of the realme wherein it was set downe that by vertue of the lawe Salyke an auncient lawe of that kingdome not only the persons of women were made vnable to the succession of the Crowne but also all suche as discended and came of the women line were excluded But he not satisfied with this order brought in to take away his right armed him selfe soone after and taking vpon him the title of the king of Fraunce he inuaded the realme with a mightie armie And as in that action he obteined many victories both agaynst Phillip de Valois published by vniuersall consent lawfull successor to Charles the fayre and also agaynst king Iohn his sonne who being ouerthrowne in battell was ledde prisoner into England So after long warres he forbare further to vex the realme and making peace with the sayde Iohn he reteined many prouinces and estates of the kingdome and renounced the title of king of Fraunce But after this composicion which was neither of long continuance nor of great effect the quarrell was eftsones renewed and sometimes followed with long warres and semetimes discontinued with tedious truces vntill at laste king Henry the fift entring confederacie with Phillip Duke of Burgondy who bare a minde estraunged from the Crowne of Fraunce for the murder done vpon Duke Iohn hys father preuayled so muche agaynst Charles the sixt somewhat simple of vnderstanding that he commaunded almost the whole kingdome together with the towne of Paris And finding in that Citie the French king accompanied with his wife and the Lady Katherine his daughter he tooke to wife the sayde Lady and brought the king to consent hauing no great vse of witte that after his death the kingdome shoulde apperteine to him and to his heires notwithstanding his sonne Charles did suruiue him By vertue of which title assone as he was dead his sonne king Henry the sixte was solemnly crowned at Paris and proclaymed king of Englande and Fraunce And albeit after the death of Charles the sixte his sonne Charles the seuenth by reason of great warres happning in Englande betweene the Lordes of the blood royall had chased thEnglishe out of all that they helde in Fraunce except the towne and territories of Callice yet the kinges of Englande dyd not leaue for all that to continue and vse the title of King of Fraunce These causes might happly moue king Henry the eyght to the warre the rather also for that he stoode more assured in his Realme then anye of his predecessours had done for that the kinges of the house of Yorke that was
the name of one faction hauing suppressed the kinges of the house of Lancaster whiche was the other faction and the partakers with the house of Lancaster seeing there was no more remayning of that house raysed to the kingdome Henrye of Richemont for his proximitie and nearenes with them Who after he had subdued hys aduersaries to th ende he might raigne with more suretie and with more authoritie tooke to wyfe one of the daughters of Edvvarde the laste king but one of the house of Yorke by whiche coniunction of houses all the rightes and claymes of bothe the one and the other houses were absolutelye and lawfully transferred into the person of king Henry the eyghte borne of that maryage These houses for the enseignes and cognizanses that they bare were called commonly the Redde rose and the VVhite rose But touching the mouing of the king of Englande to make warres in Fraunce he was not so muche caryed by hope to winne the Realme of Fraunce by armes for that he was not ignoraunt of the innumerable difficulties that woulde contende agaynst him as he was importunatelye pushed on by the ambicious desire of the Cardinall of Yorke who layde this plotte that the long and tedious trauells and infinite necessities of the warre woulde in the ende bring his king to be the onely arbitrator and appoynter of the peace And knowing that the negociacion of it shoulde depende muche of his authoritie he thought in one time both to make his name great through all the worlde and also to enterteine hymselfe in the good grace and lyking of the French king to whom he showed secretly to beare some good inclinacion And therefore the king of Englande sought not to binde him selfe to those condicions whervnto it was necessarie he should be bound if he had had a forwarde minde to so great a warre Thus Themperour was stirred vp to the warre by that occasion but much more by a hope that through the fauour authoritie and popular opinion whiche the Duke of Burbon caryed in that kingdome the commons of the realme would draw to commotion And therfore notwithstanding he was aduised by many of his firme and assured friends that both for his want of money which brings no small impedimentes to enterprises and for the doubt of his confederates whose fidelitie was vncertayne he would giue ouer to beginne a warre so harde and intricate and consent that the Pope mighte treate vpon the surceasing of armes yet he capitulated with the king of Englande and Duke of Burbon in this sorte That the Duke should enter the Realme of Fraunce with that parte of th armie that was in Italie And assone as he should be ouer the Mountes the king of Englande to paye an hundred thousande duckets for the defraymentes of the first monthe of the warre That it should be in the election of the sayd king eyther to continue this contribucion from monthe to monthe or else to passe into Fraunce with a strong armie to make warre from the firste daye of Iulie vntill the ende of December And in that case the countreys of Flaunders to furnishe him of three thousande horse a thousande footmen and sufficient artilleries and municions That if the victorie fell to them there should be rendred to the Duke of Burbon all those landes which the Frenche king had taken from him That Prouence should be transferred to him to the which he already pretended by the resignacion that was made after the death of Charles the eight by the Duke of Lorreine to Anne Duchesse of Burbon That he shoulde holde it by the title of king of Prouence That first he should make an othe to the king of Englande as to the king of Fraunce and do him homage whiche if he did not perfourme then this capitulacion to bee voyde That the Duke of Burbon shoulde not treate nor practise nothing with the Frenche kinge withoute the consent of them bothe That thEmperour at the same tyme shoulde make warre on that syde towardes Spayne Lastely that thEmbassadours of thEmperour and the king of Englande shoulde procure the Potentates of Italie to bee concurrant with their money in this enterprise to th ende to be for euer assured agaynst the warre of the Frenche A matter whiche neuer sorted to effect for that the Pope did not onely refuse to contribute but blamed expresly thenterprise prophesying that not onely it would haue an yll successe in Fraunce but also it would be the cause to returne the warre agayne vpon Italie and that with a greater puissance and perill then before The Duke of Burbon refused constantlye to acknowledge the king of Englande for kinge of Fraunce And albeit after the confederacion was made he gaue counsayle to marche with the armie towardes Lyon to th ende to drawe neare hys owne landes and Countreys yet it was resolutely determined that he shoulde passe into Prouence both for that Themperour shoulde with more facilitie sende him succours out of Spayne and also to bee more apte to take the seruice and oportunitie of the armie by sea which was in preparing at Genes by the commaundement and with the money of Themperour The Marquis of Pisquairo was declared capteine generall for Themperour in this warre for that he coulde not be brought to obey the Duke of Burbon The plotte and proceedinges of this expedicion were that the Duke of Burbon and with him the Marquis shoulde passe to Nice and yet with forces farre lesse then such as were appoynted for that where to the forces they had already with them which was fiue hundred men at armes eyght hundred light horsemen foure thowsande footemen Spanyardes three thowsande Italyans and fiue thowsande launceknightes there shoulde haue bene ioyned three hundred men at armes of the armie in Italy and fiue thowsande other launceknightes these laste companies fayled to come for want of money And the Viceroy kept reteyned the men at armes for the garde of the contrey hauing no meane to wage newe companies of footemen according to the resolucion sette downe in the firste councells to th ende to make heade agaynst Michaell Angeo Marquis of Salusse who beeing departed from his estate kept vppon the Mounteines with a thowsande footemen There was added to this that thEmprours armye at sea one of their principall hopes beeing guyded by Don Hugo de Mocado A man of muche malice and wickednes of life and a creature of the Duke Valentynois appeared farre inferior to the nauie of the Frenche king which beeing parted from Marseilles was stayed in the port of Villefrancho Neuerthelesse thEmperours armye entred into Prouence where were Monsr de la Palissa Capteyne Fayetto Ranso de Cere and Pederyk Bossolo All Capteynes of the French kinge and were nowe withdrawen into townes for that they were not stronge enoughe to make heade in the fielde One parte of the armye drewe alonge the sea side and tooke the tower that commaundeth the port of Tovvlon where were taken two Canons that were drawen to the armye
thē by our armes by our vallour by our weapons This aduise was embraced and as a sentence set downe folowed by the Viceroy who accordingly dispatched to Naples the duke of Tracetta with direction to make as great leauies of money as was possible and recōmend ouer the care defense of the kingdom to Askanio Colonno the other barons of the realme And albeit he had modestly giuen answere to thembassage presented to him frō the Pope yet he wrote to Rome letters full of seuerity bitternes such as gaue manyfest signification that he would not heare speake of thaccord By reason of this the Pope declaring howe he was pushed on by necessitie for that the Duke d'Albanie aduaunced dayly published not as a thing done before that he had contracted with the french king vnder a simple promise not to offend one another This he signified by writing to themprours agents alleging the causes that induced him but specially his necessities perils increasing And when the sayd writing was presented by Iohn Corsi embassador of Florence with wordes conuenient in suche a case themprour who afore could not be persuaded that the Pope would abandon him in so great a danger fell into no litle emotion trouble of mind he set before his eyes the sundry hopes he had giuen him confirmed by many good offices and oblations he conferred together the seuerall demonstrations of amity accompanied with no lesse tokens of constancy firmnes lastly making a iudgement betwene the former promises of the Pope his present effects he burst out into publike passion against him accusing with exclamation his frayltie light condition and in that heate of nature he answered thembassador that neither hatred nor ambition nor any interest particular had stirred him vp to begin warre with the french king but onely the perswasions the suggestions and the authoritie of Pope Leo who as he sayd was drawē vnto it by the Pope raigning being at that time cardinall of Medicis and perswaded him with great vehemency of reasons that it was a matter of great importance for the publike safety vniuersall benefite not to suffer the french king to possesse any thing in Italy That the same Cardinall was the author of the confederacion made for that cause before the death of Pope Adrian In which respects he pronounced with great griefe how much it troubled him to see the Pope who aboue all others was bound not to be seperate from him in those daungers wherin by his meanes he was entred had made a chaunge no lesse hurtfull to him then without all necessity That such reuolt and seperation for the time the place and the whole manner and propertie of it could be attributed to no other thing then to a certayne seruile feare and tymerous impression such as hath falne vpon him since they within Pauia haue holden out In this humor he forgot not to debate the meanes and fauors he had vsed to encreace his greatnes alwayes since the death of Pope Leo and specially his authoritie in two Conclaues together with his perpetuall desire to transferre vppon him the soueraigne election onely for this opinion that by his meane mighte be reestablished the common libertie of Italie And on the other side he made collection howe little the Pope might assure him selfe of the French king and howe farre he was eyther to feare or to hope of his victorie Lastelye he stoode vppon this conclusion that neyther for the Popes resolution whiche was agaynst all good office and exspectation nor for anye other accident or fortune of what condition soeuer he would not forget nor abandon him selfe Wherein he protested and therewithall wished that no man shoulde exspect that for wante of money he would chaunge or vary from his purpose seeing he had vowed to set vp as a laste reast all his Crownes and kingdomes and hys life withall desiring of God that his irreuocable deliberacion in the matter mighte not be preiudiciall to the health of his soule To these complayntes thembassadour of Florence replied That the Pope since he was raysed to the soueraigne dignitie was bounde to proceede no more as Cardinall of Medicis but to put on the personne of Pope of Rome whose office was to be carefull ouer the peace of Christendome for whiche reason he had often debated with him the necessitie of peace and quietnesse and for better negociation of it he had sent to him at two seuerall tymes the Archbishop of Capua by whome he protested that by the othe and ceremonie of his office he was bounde not to bee particular but indifferent That he had also admonished him thereof at suche tyme as the Admirall Bonniuet departed oute of Italie hauing no better season and oportunitie to treate of peace for him and more for his honour wherevnto neuerthelesse he made him no other aunswere then that he coulde conclude no peace without the consent of the kinge of Englande He desyred the Emperour to remember howe often the Pope had disswaded the passage and iourney into Prouence bothe for that it troubled altogether the hope of the peace and also herein he seemed a diuine prophete of thinges to come the necessitie wherein it woulde put the Frenche king to enter into armes mighte bee the occasion to stirre vp in Italie a more daungerous combustion That the Pope by the negociacion of the Bishoppe of Verona had declared to the French king then possessor of Millan and also to the Viceroye howe farre it concerned them to harken to peace but neyther of them bare anye inclination therevnto That since that tyme he had with manye reasons and verye greate efficacie refused to giue passage through thestate Ecclesiastike to the bandes of menne of warre that marched agaynste the Realme of Naples And yet neuerthelesse the kinge dyd not onely denie to heare his reasons but also made his forces to march along the countrey of Plaisanca withoute tarrying for hys aunswere That for that cause he had lastely sente Pavvle Vittorio to induce the Viceroye to a surceassing of armes vnder condicions conformable to the tyme and withall to certifie him by howe many reasons of necessitie he was to assure him selfe of the daunger imminent seeing withall that both the Venetians stoode in suspence and also the kinge of Englande woulde not be concurrante in the defence of the Duchie of Millan if at the same tyme both by Themperour and by him the warre were not moued beyonde the Mountes But seeing the Viceroye made no reckoning of anye offers or condicions he propounded and that the kinges men of warre and armed bandes aduaunced daylye he was constrayned to take fayth and suretie of the kinge without beeing bounde to anye other thing then not to offende hym The Emperour complayned of the hardnesse of the condicion offered to the Viceroy for that it restrayned and bounde hym to leaue that which he helde not expressing any mention that the Frenche king should do the lyke And lastely
hundred footemen yssued out of Alexandria with a very slender strength and set vpon them he found them very wearie with the longe way they had made and without garde for that they doubted no daunger by reason of which aduauntages he disordered and brake them easily and in their feare being fled within the castell they rendred them selues immediatly with seuenteene enseignes There hapned no better successe to thenterprise that was committed to the charge of Iohn Lovvys Paluoisin who after he was entred with foure hundred horse two thowsand footemen within Casalmaior where was no wall but ramparts which he had made And hauing afterwards wonne S. Iohn in Croce he began from that place to make incursions into the contrey laboring with all the meanes he could to cut of their vittells By reason of which violences Frauncis Sforce lying then within Cremona leauied with great celeritie foureteene hundred footemen and sent them to Casalmaior with certeine trowpes of horsemen of the band of Rodolffo Camerino and the horsemen of his gard vnder the leading of Alexander Bentyuole As they were drawn neare to that place Paluoysin reapposing confidence in the aduauntage of his numbers without tarying for certeine succours of Frauncis Rangon issued out the eyghteene of February and occupied skirmish with them But he payed a deare price of his rashnes and fell by equitie into the punishment of his hastie rashnes for that in laboring to susteine his trowpes that fought and beganne to draw to retraite he was striken from his horse and made prisoner all his souldiours broken and dispersed There was also added to th affayres of the French king this further difficultie of great consequence Iohn I◠Medicis of Myllan Capteine of the castell of Mus whether the Duke of Myllan had sent him for the murder he had done of the person of Monsr Viscounte hauing placed by night an ambushe on the side of the rocke of Chiauenna standing vppon a hil side at the head of the lake and somewhat distant from the houses of the borough tooke the Capteine prisoner as he walked without his castell led him presently before the gate of the rocke where threatning to kill him if he put not the rocke into his handes his wife in whose presence his life was threatned to death deliuered vp the rocke After this first fortune he caused to discouer an other ambushe with three hundred footemen with whom he tooke the towne making his entry by the castell Whereuppon it hapned that the Cantons of the Grisons taking suspicion vppon that accident reuoked a litle before the battell the regiment of sixe thowsand Grisons that were in the kings armie About this time ariued in th imperiall armie the knight Casalo whom the king of England sent thether with great promisses That king beginning to be ielous ouer the prosperitie of the French king and pushed on also with a certeine despite that in the Skottishe seas the Frenche had taken certayne vessells of thEnglishe threatned manifestly to make warre vpon Fraunce and in that humor desired the well aduauncing of th Imperiall armie In which forwardnes of disposicion he sent to his Embassador Pace remayning at Trente to go to Venice and protest in his name thobseruation of the League to the which his Maiestie hoped they would be so muche the more easily induced by howmuch themperour had sent to the Viceroy thinuestiture of Frauncis Sforce with authoritie to dispose of it by his discression and according to the necessitie and respect of his affayres The king of Englande also solicited the Pope by his Embassador to minister ayde to themperour in his affayres But the Pope excused him vpon the capitulacion made with the French king for his owne suretie and not offending themprour whervnto he added this complaint that since the army was returned from Prouence he was not able in the space of twenty dayes to vnderstande their purposes nor whether they pretended to defende or abandon thestate of Millan But now litle auayled the trayties and intelligences of Princes and of lesse seruice were the negociations and labors of Embassadors for that by the affronting and approching of the armies the whole estate of the warre together with the difficulties and daungers susteined for many monthes were reduced to the fortune and hazard of a very fewe howres for the armie imperiall passing further since the taking of S. Angeo marched and lodged the first daye of Februarie at Vistarino and the second day at Lardiragno and S. Alexis beyond the litle riuer of Lolono a lodging distant frō Pauia foure miles and from the French campe three miles The thirde of February they marched towardes the gate of S. Iustine the place of their incamping beeing stretched out betwene Prati Treleuero la Motto and a wood on the side of S. Lazarus places within two miles and an halfe of Pauia within halfe a mile of the Frenche Vauntgarde and not halfe a myle from the rampiers and trenches of their campe By reason they were so neare affronted one to the other they escaped not without their seuerall domages by the artilleries The Imperialls commaunded Belioyense with all the villages and countrey that laye vpon their backes except Saint Colombin where lay a garrison of French but so straytly besieged as no person could issue out They founde within Saint Angeo and Saint Belioyense great quantities of vittells and to haue more plenty and abundance they labored to commaund Thesin as they did Pavv by the cōmoditie of which they gaue impediment to the french vittells They helde S. Croce and albeit the french king at that time when ▪ he went to incampe at Mirabell had abandoned the Charterhouse yet they forbare to go thither least their market of vittels should be cut off The french men kept S. Lazarus but the furie of thartilleries of thenemies put them in feare to abide there There was betwene the two campes a litle brooke or ryuer of running water called Vernacula his head or spring was within the parke and from thence making his course in the middest betwene S. Lazarus and S. Peter in Verge hath his fal afterwards into the riuer of Thesin This brooke the imperials to thend they might come on with lesse difficulty labored to passe as a matter of great importance But they found a valiant defence made by the frenchmen hauing both the ayde of the channell which was very deepe and the commodity of the shores or bankes that were very high By which impedimente◠there was no possibilitie of passage without great difficultie euery one with that art and care that the peril required fortified their lodging quarter The kings lodging had in front in backe and in the lest flanke thicke huge ramparts enuironed with diches fortified with bastillions and on the right flanke was the wall of the parke of Pauia which was supposed to make the lodging verye strong The lodginges of thimperials caryed the same forme of fortification hauing also
peace betweene the Princes of Christendome and also at one tyme to giue some reasonable forme to th affayres of Italie solicited instantly the Pope to hasten away the Cardinall Saluiatio or some others with sufficient authoritie He sent also to be excused to the king of Englande taking the reasons of his excuse vpon this that he could not resist the generall wyll and vniuersall inclination of his peoples and sent withall to the Pope Lopes Vtrado for a dispensation to marry the infant of Portugall his cousin german and by that meane conioyned to him in second degree He sent also by the same Lopes who departed vpon the ende of Iulie the inuestiture of the Duchie of Millan to Frauncis Sforce but vnder this condition to pay presently an hundred thousande Duckets with obligation to paye fiue hundred thousand more at diuerse tearmes and to take the trade of saltes of the Archduke his brother The same Lopes caryed also commission to dispose of his men of warre in this sorte that except the regimentes of Spanishe footemen who were to remayne in the Marquildome of Salusso all the others shoulde be dismissed That sixe hundred men at armes should returne to the realme of Naples and the residue remayne in the Duchie of Millan And lastly that the Marquis of Pisquairo should be capteyne generall of his armie The Emperour added to this commission that those moneys which he had sent to Genes to defray foure Carackes with the which he intended speedily to passe in person into Spayne should be conuerted to the necessities and vsage of th armie for that he was nowe determined not to departe out of Spayne The Commission bare also to sende in themperours name the Protonotarie Carracciolo to Venice to induce that Senate to a newe confederation or at least to insinuate his disposition and leaue them satisfied that all his actions tended to an vniuersall peace amongest Princes Christian But the going of the French king into Spayne brought no little perplexitie to the Pope and the Venetians who seeing themprours armie was muche diminished considered that into what part of Italie the kings person should be transported thimperialls could not but finde many impedimentes by the necessitie to haue him well garded so that by that meane eyther there might easily aryse some occasion to deliuer him or at least the difficultie to cary him into Spayne and the litle surety to kepe him in Italie would constrayne themperour to giue some good forme to the generall affayres But when by transporting his person into Spayne both his owne hopes were disappoynted and meane giuen to his enemies to leade him into sure prison they discerned that all treatises and negociations were wholly in the hands of themperour and that there could be established no fundation vpon the practises and offers of the French In so muche as the reputation of themperour rising into augmentation by dayly degrees all men began to exspect from his Court and from his hande lawes and rules to dispose all affayres In these discontentmentes were concurrant also but for diuers causes the displeasures of the Duke of Burbon and the Marquis of Pisquairo for that the Viceroy tooke vppon him without their priuitie to leade the French king into Spayne Suche is the emulation of men in the case of glorie or reputation which more then all other worldlye passions hath a naturall propertie to carye their mindes headlong into ambition of other mens merite The Duke of Burbon tooke the reason of his discontentment vpon this that beeing expulsed Fraunce for thalliance he had made with themperour he chalenged a more interest then any others to be called and to communicate in all the practises of accorde In regarde whereof he determined to passe also into Spayne and yet he was driuen to stande longer vpon his going then willingly he would for that he taryed for the returne of the gallies that caried the Viceroy The Marquis tooke displeasure with the Viceroy for the small estimation he made of him and was no lesse yll contented with themprour for that he was not thankfull as apperteined to his merites and many seruices done in the laste warres and lately in the battell of Pauia touching which victorie albeit he had deserued more prayse and glory then all the capteines of tharmy yet themperour contrary to the lawe of equitie and reason had transferred the whole reputation to the Viceroy with many highe honours and demonstrations This the Marquis could not disgest with suffrance but in the passion of his wrong as he thought he wrote letters to themprour full of detraction against the Viceroy tempered with complayntes to be so muche disfauoured of him as not to be thought worthy atleast to be made priuie to suche a resolution and that if in the warre and daungers thereof the deliberation of things had bene referred to his counsell and proper arbitration the French king had not onely not bene taken but also assone as the losse of the duchie of Millan had followed th imperiall army beeing dryuen to abandon the defence of Lombardie would necessarily haue retyred to Naples Lastely he charged the Viceroy to be gone to triumphe of a victorie wherein it was manifestly knowen to the whole armie he had no part at all yea for proofe that in the heate and moste furie of the battell he was both without courage and without counsell there were many that heard him crye many times VVe are loste and vanquished and that if he would denie this chalenge he offred to iustifie it vppon his body by the execution of armes according to the lawes and rules of warre The Marquis also was further incensed vpon this that sending immediatly after the victorie to take possession of Carpy thinking themprour would deliuer it to him he was not satisfied in that desire The reason was that themperour hauing graunted it two yeres before to Prospero Colonno assured that notwithstanding he neuer had thinuestiture yet in memorie of him that was dead he would to the profite of Vespasian his sonne leaue to his house the same recompence which in his lyfe time he had intended in recordation of his vallour and actions Whiche reason albeit was iuste and that suche examples of gratitude ought to be acceptable to the Marquis though not so muche for thexcellencie of them yet for the hope they brought that his great seruises should be brought into liberall consideration by themperour yet it was not embrased of him not for that it was not iust equall but because for the opinion he bare of him selfe he helde it conuenient that that peculiar humor appetite of his proceding of a couetousnes irreconcileable hatred which he bare to the name of Prospero should be preferred before all other interests how iust soeuer they were In this intemperācie of passion he cried out of themprour and the whole counsell sending his complayntes through all the Regions of Italie and that with such detestatiō of themprours ingratitude that by
great honor and fauors he debated vppon his commissions which principally conteyned the ratification of the Articles promised by the Viceroy and secondly a demaunde to transferre thinuestiture to the Duke of Millan for the common suretie of Italy But the Viceroy notwithstanding his promises disswaded the restitution of Reggia and Rubiera and by his counsell and through the hopes he had in him the Duke of Ferrara desiring to solicite his owne cause before themperour and hauing the Popes promise not to execute any enterprise vpon his estate for sixe monethes tooke his way to the frontyer of the realme of Fraunce with intention to passe further but being denied passage and safeconduit by the Lady Regent he returned backe agayne to Ferrara The Legate and themprour conferred together touching a dispensation to take to wife the king of Portugals sister A mariage which themprour was determined to contract notwithstāding he had promised the king of England by oth to take no other wife then his daughter But the Pope temporised this demaund stood long to accord to the dispēsation for that many perswaded him that the desire to obteyne such a grace would reduce the Emperour and make him the more easie to his desires touching the matters in negociation And at least wise in case he would make warre vpon him it were farre from pollicie and discression to giue him meane to heape together so great a masse of money as would growe to him by that mariage for that the king of Portugall offred him for a portion nyne hundred thousande ducketts Of whiche deducting so muche as was set downe to defraye the debtes contracted betweene them it was thought there would come to his handes at least a summe of fiue hundred thousand duckets Besides the subiectes of Spayne consented to rayse a contribution of foure hundred thousande vnder the title of a beneuolence or seruice which taking his beginning in tymes paste of the proper willes and motion of the people to releeue the necessities of their kinges was reduced by custome and working of tymes into a loane or rather an ordinary Subsedie yea they offred him moreouer to enriche him with a further summe of foure hundred thousande duckats if he went through with the mariage On the other side the Pope had no power to resiste thimportunities of the Duke of Sesso thEmperours Embassadour for that by the propertie of his inclination there appeared for the moste parte in hym a repugnancie betweene that he purposed and thinges whiche he executed for beeing by nature very farre of to accorde any grace that was demaunded of him he was not apt to vse difficulties nor easie to make deniall onely by the facilitie of his nature he suffred oftentymes hys will to be wonne and ouerruled by thimportunitie of suche as sued to hym and in that disposition seemed to accorde to thinges more through feare then by grace wherein he proceeded not neyther with that constancie of minde nor with that maiestie of title and place whiche was required of the greatnesse of his dignitie and was agreable to thimportance of th affayres that stoode vppon negociation And in that maner did he deale touching the dispensation required by themperour for as on the one side he was caryed by hys proper profite and on the other side ouerruled by his ordinarie facilitie and softnesse so according to hys custome he discharged vppon the backe of an other the thing whiche him selfe was not sufficient to susteine neyther with his body nor with his mynde he dispatched by a writte the dispensation in the same forme themperour demaunded it and sending it to the Cardinall Saluiatio he tyed to it this commission that if his affayres with thEmperour soarted to a resolution according to the hope he had giuen assoone as the sayde Cardinall should come to the Court he should deliuer the writ otherwise to retayne it to him selfe A commission wherein the minister or seruant as shall be sayde in his place showed himselfe no more firme nor more constant then the maister But whilest the Cardinall disputed the Popes Commissions with themperour and was alwayes enterteined with hope to haue thexpedition he desyred there fell oute in Lombardie verye diuerse effectes for the Duke of Millan beeing so well recouered of hys sicknesse that at the least he was holden out of daunger of soddayne death the Marquis of Pisquairo hauing receyued by Castaldo themperours Commission to prouide for those daungers as he thought good determined to enter vppon the Duchie of Millan vnder this cooller that the Duke by reason of the conspiracies and practises holden by Moron was falne from the rightes of inuestiture and the chiefe or soueraigne freeholde reuerted vpon the Emperour as supreme Lorde And to giue a beginning to this resolution the Marquis lying at Nouaro very sicke notwithstanding he had bestowed one parte of the armie within Pauia and lodged the Launceknightes neare Loda whiche two cities he had fortified yet vnder cooller to dispose the armie through all the state of Millan he reuoked to Nouaro when was least doubt of suche a matter the residue of the bands dispersed in Pyedmont and the Marquisdome of Salusse whiche state the Imperiall capteines had occupied almoste immediatly after the victorie He called also to Nouaro Moron in whose person rested almost the importance of all thinges And as it was certayne that Moron beeing made prisoner the Duke of Millan would be made depriued both of men and counsell So the Marquis by that meane thought to take awaye all impedimentes and resistance where if he shoulde suffer him to liue in libertie it could not be but that Moron with his spirite with his experience and with his reputation woulde entangle the estate of hys affayres and giue many impedimentes to his plotts and purposes Besides it was necessary for themperour to haue the person of Moron in his power and possession for that beeing the author and speciall instrument of all the conspiracies he thoughte to drawe from him by his proper confession all those treasons and intelligences whiche were charged vppon the Duke of Millan There is nothing more harde then to auoyde destinie nor no remedie auaylable agaynst the euills determined to fall vppon vs And as it is easie to suffer a mischiefe when we are sure of the remedie So for that aduersitie is of his owne nature quarrellous there is no yll that happneth whiche is not so muche the more grieuous and troublesome by howe muche it happneth on a sodayne shaking so muche the more vehemently the resolution and constancie of the mynde Moron mighte nowe discerne that the practise he had with so great secrecie enterteyned wyth the Marquis was a matter vayne and dissembled He knewe hym selfe to bee followed with an vniuersall hatred of all the Spanish souldiors amongest whom ranne already many rumors of his infidelitie Antho. de Leua gaue out publike threates that he woulde kill him It is not credible that he did not consider thimportance of
to his doings being besides prowd of minde of wit deceitfull of nature malicious of councell and action without sincerity and so singuler in his owne weening that oftentimes he hath bene heard saye that he was more worthye to haue Spayne for his contry then Italy His death as it kindled a great confusion in the whole armie with whome he stoode inno litle grace and reputacion so also by his death the contrary side tooke occasion to hope that easily they might be able to bringe all the souldiers to ruine and oppression since there was taken from them a Capteine of so great authoritie and vallour And by this occasion like as with the Pope were more vehement and importunate the instances of such as solicited the proceeding of the league so also the doubtes which deteyned him in suspence were nothing lesse and that with good right since on all partes he was touched with mocions of right waighty reasons such as might suffice to hold confused and suspenced any man of right good action and councell and much more a Pope Clement to whom it was familiar to proceede alwayes in his affayres with slownes and doubt There was no further exspectacion of thEmprour for any way or deuise to assure the regions of Italy And he was manifestly discerned to solicite vehemently the taking of the castell of Myllan In which action was layed a foundacion to conuert many other patrimonies into apparant praye or spoyle but specially the states of the Pope who being reduced to a generall weakenes had his being planted betweene Lombardye and the Realme of Naples And if it were in thEmprours power to oppresse the Pope there was no doubt that he would not execute it either for ambicion which is almost naturally inuested in Emprours against the Popes or for his own suertie which wise men preserre affore all other regards or lastly for reuenge being drawne both to disdaine and distrust for the conspiracies which he enterteyned with the Marquis of Pisquairo And if the necessitie to prouide for this daunger was great the foundacions and hopes to doe it seemed not light for that if the remedie were not to succeede by the meane of so mighty a league and vnion it was to be thought desperate for euer The Regent of Fraunce made promisse of fiue hundred launces and to contribute for euery moneth so long as the warre should endure forty thowsand duckats with the which it was intended to wage ten thowsand Svvyzzers The Pope and the Venetians in one ioynt ayde were to leauye xviij hundred men at armes twenty thowsand footemen and two thowsand light horsemen The French men and the Venetians promised to take the sea and with a great nauie to do inuasion vppon Genes or the Realme of Naples Lastly the Lady Regent of Fraunce was bound to begin the warre immediatly with a stronge armie vppon the frontyers of Spayne to th ende to stoppe thEmprour for sending of men and money to releeue the warre in Italy ThEmprours armie that remeyned in Lombardye was not great neither for the nūbers quality of souldiers being much diminished nor for the presence of Capteines of conduct and authoritie seeing both the Marquis was dead and the Duke of Burbon the Viceroy of Naples abode as yet in Spaine They were without meane to recouer money for their payes and had no plentie of vittells to serue them for foode The generall inhabitantes there were enemies to them for the quarrell and desire of their Duke and no lesse for thintollerable exactions imposed by the souldiours both in the Citie of Millan and elsewhere The castells of Millan and Cremona helde good as yet for the Duke And lastly the Venetians gaue hope that the Duke of Ferrara would also enter into this confederacion if the Pope would accord to him Reggia which by one meanes or other he had alwayes possessed These were the hopes of the confederates which reduced to good manner of proceeding caried their manifest reasons of happie issue These were the fundacions they layed against the ambicion and puisance of thEmperour shadowed neuerthelesse vnder the cloake and liuerie to assure their proper liberties But on thother side the difficulties which they discerned rested in the suttlety and vertue of thenemies who had this by custome and propertie of condicion to temporise a long time with litle money and endure many necessities with much patience They saw the townes which thennemies held were well fortified and no lesse facilitie to reduce them to better strength with rampars other sort of fortificacion for that they were townes whose situacion was in the plaine or champion By which oportunitie they were hable to enterteine them selues together vntill there came from Germanie a sufficient succor to drawe and driue the whole warre to the fortune of a battell Moreouer they sawe that touching the souldiours of the league they could not be but bodies raw vntrained in comparison of the others resolute and nourished in so many victories Besides they wanted the conduct and presence of a Capteine generall for that in the Marquis of Mantua then Capteine of the Church they reapposed not sufficient habilitie to manage and beare out suche a charge neither could they with any suretie committe them selues to the fidelitie of the Duke of Ferrara nor the Duke of Vrbin whom they had so much offended much lesse would they rest contented with the greatnes of the Pope whom they enuied with no litle murmure and grudge of mind Lastly they were not ignorant that naturally the armes and weapons of the Church had but dull edges and cutslowly and no lesse inferior was the vallour of the Venetians of whom if either of them aparte and seuerallie were weake and feeble what opinion or exspectacion of their forces being accompanied and conioyned This was also brought into consideracion that in the armies of leagues and confederats was seldome seene a concurrancie of prouisions at conuenient time and muche lesse a correspondencie of wills and mindes for that amongest suche a diuersitie of humors which draw with them diuersities of interestes and endes are easely kindled disorders disdaines and distrusts at the least there is seldom an vniuersall readines to followe resolutely the fauor of fortune when it is offered nor a ioynt disposicion to resist with constancie those stormes and aduersities with either the disfauour of the time or malicious instrument many stirre vp in an armie But the matter that in this councell or deliberacion drewe with it a great feare and difficultie was a suspicion conceiued of the frenchemen that whensoeuer thEmperour shoulde be constrained by the necessities of this warre to offer the deliuerie of their king that nation woulde not onely abandon the league but also ioyne in ayde with the Emperour gainst the confederates And albeit the kinge of Englande gaue for them his faith and worde of a Prince that they shoulde not accorde to suche a renunciacion and that there was deuise to giue assurance
vntill restitution were made of the lands and places aforesayd and the peace sworne and ratified together with all the articles by thestates generall of Fraunce and inregistred in all the Courtes of Parliament of the kingdome with forme and solemnities necessary for thaccomplishing whereof there was set downe a tearme of foure monethes at which time returning the ostages there should be put into themprours hands the Duke d'Angoulesme the kings thirde sonne to th ende to trayne him vp with themprour the better to enterteine and assure the peace That the French king should renounce and giue vp to themprour all his rightes to the Realme of Naples together with all such titles and preeminences as were to come to him by thinuestiture of the Churche That he shoulde do the lyke touching his interest in thestate of Millan of Genes of Ast and likewise of Arras Tourney of the I le and of Dovvay That he should render vp the towne and castell of Hedin as a member of the countie of Artois with all the munitions artilleries and mouables that were in it when it was laste taken That he should disclayme and yelde vp all soueraigntie in Flaunders and Artois and all other places or peces which themprour possessed and that on the other side themprour should resigne and giue vp to him all the right title and quarrell which he pretended to any place possessed by the French men and especially the townes and Casteldomes of Perone Mondidier Roye the Counties of Bolleyne Guynes and Ponthievv with other townes standing vpon the one other shore of the riuer of Somme That there shoulde be betweene them a league and confederation perpetuall for the defence of their estates with obligation to ayde one another when nede required with fiue hundred men at armes and ten thousande footmen That themprour should promise to giue in mariage to the king the Lady Eleoner his sister whom assone as the dispensation should be obteined from the Pope he shoulde contract or handfast with words obligatorie for the present and afterwards she should be ledde into Fraunce to consummat the mariage at the same time that according to the capitulations the ostages were to be deliuered That she should haue for her portion two hundred thousande crownes with Iewels according to her estate the one moytie of the money to be payed within sixteene monethes and the other halfe in one yere after That a mariage should be made betwene the Daulphine and the daughter of the king of Portugall daughter to the Lady Eleoner at suche tyme as their age woulde suffer That the Frenche king shoulde do all that he coulde to induce the auncient king of Nauarre to giue vp to themperour the rightes of that kingdome whiche in case he woulde not perfourme then the king not to ayde him with any succours That the Duke of Gueldres and the Counte of Zulff and the principall townes of those estates shoulde promise with sufficient securitie to giue themselues to the Emperour after his death That the kinge shoulde giue no succours to the Duke of VVittenberg nor likewise to Robert de la Marche That he shoulde furnishe and rigge for themperour both when he shoulde passe into Italy and two monthes after beeing so required twelue gallies foure shippes and foure gallions all well municioned and appoynted except men of warre and the sayde vesselles to be rendred three monthes after accompting from the daye of his embarking That in place of tharmy by lande which the king offred for Italy he should pay him two hundred thousande crownes in money the one halfe within sixtene monethes and the other halfe within a yere after And that at the time when thostages should be deliuered he should be bounde to giue billes of exchaunge for the paye of sixe thousand footmen for six monthes immediatly after themprours ariual in Italy That he should also furnish for his seruice fiue hundred launces payed with a band of artillerie That he should saue harmeles themprour of his promise made to the king of Englande by pensions which the Frenche king should paye to him the aâ—â—erages whereof amounted to fiue hundred thousande crownes or els to deliuer so much in ready money to themprour That they should both ioyne to besech the Pope to cal a generall councell with all speede to th ende to consult vpon an vniuersall peace amongest Christians to aduaunce an enterprise agaynst the infidels and heretikes and to graunt to all the Croisade for three yeres That within sixe weekes the king should restore the Duke of Burbon in moste ample forme into all his estates goodes mouable and vnmouable and frutes and reuenues receyued not to molest him for any thing past nor constrayne him to dwell or go to the Realme of Fraunce That it should be lawfull to the sayde Duke of Burbon to demaunde by the waye of lawe and iustice the Earledome of Prouence That in like sort all those that had followed him should reenter in safetie into their goods and states and namely the Bishop of Autun and Monsr de saint Valier That the prisoners taken in the warre should be deliuered on both partes within fifteene dayes That there should be restitution made to the Lady Margaret of Austrich of all that she possessed affore the warre That the Prince of Orange should be set at liberty with restauration to the principality of Orange and all that he possessed by the death of his father which had bene taken from him for following the faction of themprour That the like should be done to other Barons That there should be made restitutioÌ„ to the Marquis of Salusse of his estate That the king assone as he ariued in the first towne of his Realme should ratifie this capitulation be bound to procure the Daulphin to ratifie it wheÌ„ he should come to the age of fourtene yeres Many were named by common consent chiefly the Svvizzers Onely there was not one of the Potentates of Italy except the Pope whome they named as conseruator of the accorde and that more for manersake and ceremonie then in effect and true meaning Lastly it was expressed in the sayde capitulation that in case the king for any occasion would not accomplish these matters promised he should returne true prisoner This accorde for the partes it conteyned brought no small astonishment to all Christendom for when it was vnderstanded that the first execution therof consisted in the deliuery of the king all mens opinions was that being in his liberty he would not deliuer vp Burgongny as being a member of too great importance for the realme of Fraunce And except a few who had counselled themprour to it all his Court had the same iudgement and namely the Chauncellor who reprehended and detested the matter with so great vehemency that notwithstaÌ„ding he was coommaunded to signe the capitulation according to thoffice of chief Chauncellors yet he refused to do it alleaging that in such matters dangerous hurtfull as that was he ought
with the Frenche king was made no particular mention of him nor of the suretie of thestates of Italye stoode more and more confirmed in his former opinion that the ambicion and greatnes of themperour woulde in the ende be his seruitude and thraldome And therefore he determined not to accept thaccorde in the maner it was offred to him but to reserue him selfe free vntill he were assured what course the Frenche woulde take touching the obseruation of the peace In which resolution he stoode so much the more firme by howe muche besides thapparance and likelyhoodes of it he had heard by the relation of certayne speeches deliuered by the king affore hys libertie and spread abroade by some that were familiar in counsell with him that the king had a mynde altogether estraunged from performing the thinges he had promised to themperour And the better to confirme the king in that deliberation his owne suretie also depending vppon it he sent in poste into Fraunce Pavvle Vittorio a Florentin and capteine of his Gallies his charge was to be at the Court at the same tyme the king should aryue vsing that diligence not onely to know his intention assone as might be but also the king hauing a ready hope to be hable to drawe into league agaynst themprour the Pope and the Venetians he might take occasion the sooner to resolue himself It was enioyned also to the expedition of Pavvle to congratulate in the Popes name the kings deliuerie and to discourse with him at large what he had done to that ende and howe muche did induce themperours inclination to his libertie the practises of confederation that were enterteyned with the Lady Regent Lastely that he shoulde impart with the king the Popes vehement desire to haue an vniuersall peace in Christendome and that thEmperour and he woulde perfourme together thenterprise agaynst the Turke who was reapported to make mightie preparations to inuade that yeare the Realme of Hungarie These were his Commissions apparant and knowen but this was his direction most substantiall and secrete that aboue all things he should sounde throwly the kinges inclination whom if he founde resolute to obserue the resolution of Madrill then to passe no further least vaynely he should make his case more desperate with themperour then before but if he founde him to haue other thoughtes and to hang in doubt that he should labour to confirme him in that disposition and seruing hys turne of all occasions he should specially compell him to take that course giuing him knowledge of the Popes desire to ioyne with him for the common benefite He dispatched in like sort into Englande the pronotorie Gambaro to manage the like office with that king and to the same ende Besides he procured the Venetians to sende into Fraunce their secretory Andrevv Rosse with semblable commissions As Pavvle past by Florence vpon his voyage he fell sicke and dyed by reason of whiche accidēt the Pope sent to performe the legacion in his place Capui de Mantua taking it to an yll prediction that nowe the seconde tyme the Ministers which he had sente into Fraunce to aduaunce those practises were in the waye intercepted by death In the meane while making no omission of time nor oportunities he together with the Venetians did all that they could to keepe in courage the Duke of Millan and to enterteine him in hopes least the peace of Madrill ledde him not both with feare and rashnes to make some accorde with themprour By this time the french king was comen vpon the confiues of Fontaraby a towne apperteyning to themprour standing vppon the Occean sea and is a frontyer betwene Biskay and the Duchie of Guyen And on the other side the Lady Regent was aryued with the children of Fraunce at Bayonne not many leagues from Fontaraby The tormentes of the gowte tooke her by the waye which was the cause that she had lingred some tyme longer then the daye appoynted of permutation But at last the xviij daye of Marche the French king accompanied with the Viceroy and Capteine Alarcon with fifty horse was presented vpon the shoare of the ryuer that deuideth the realme of Fraunce from the kingdome of Spayne And on the other side vpon the shoare opposite appeared Monsr Lavvtrech with the kings children and like number of horse There was in the middest of the ryuer a great barke made fast with ankers in which was no person The king was rowed neare to this barke in a little boate wherein he was accompanied with the Viceroy Capteine Alarcon and eyght others all armed with shorte weapons And on the other side of the barke were likewise brought in a litle boate Monsr Lavvtrech with the ostages and eight others weaponed according to the others After this the Viceroy went into the barke with the person of the king and all his companie and also Monsr Lavvtrech with his eyght that accompanied him so that they were within the barke a like number of both partes Alarcon and his eyght being with the Viceroy and Lavvtrech the others with the person of the king And when they were all thus within the barke Lavvtrech fetched out of the boate into the barke the Daulphin who being giuen to the Viceroy and by him committed to capteine Alarcon was foorthwith bestowed in their boate and after him followed the little duke of Orleans who was no sooner entred the barke then the French king leaped out of the barke into his boate which he did with suche quicknes and celeritie that thexchaunge or permutation was thought to be done at one selfe instant Assoone as the king was on the other side of the shore his newe libertie making him fearefull of ambush he mounted vpon a Turkishe horse of a wonderfull swiftnes which was prepared for the purpose and running betwene feare and gladnes vppon the spurre he neuer stayed till he came to S. Iohn de Lus a towne of his obedience foure leagues from the place And being there readilie relieued with a freshe horse he ran with the same swiftnes to Bayonne where after he had past ouer the offices of Court done to him by his people he dispatched with greate diligence a gentleman to the king of England to whom he wrote with his owne hande letters of his deliuerie charging the messenger vnder verie louing commissions to tell the king of Englande that as he acknowledged theffect of his libertie to be wrought whollie by him and his operacions so in recompense he offred to remaine to him a perpetuall and assured frend and to be guided in all his affaires by his councell And afterwardes he sent an other solemne Embassage into Englande to ratifie the peace which his mother had made with him as one that reapposed a verie great fundacion in thamitie of that king The ende of the sixteenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE SEVENTENTH BOOKE The Pope the french king the Venetians and the Duke of Millan draw into league against thEmperour The Duke of Burbon comes
of Millan before the extremitie of famine compelled them to reappose more in the mercy of thennemies then in the remedie of their friends That necessitie was the cause of all the aduersities which followed for that otherwise the Pope proceeding more slowly vpon whose authority the Venetians depended much in this action had exspected if themprour being moued with thinobseruation of the French king would not propounde for a common surety those conditions which had bin set downe before specially when he should see him self constrayned to take armes And being not compelled to show to the french king so great a necessity he had easily obteyned of him aswell for him selfe as for the Venetians better conditions And it had bene without doubt that therby tharticles of the confederation had bin better set down particulated together with more assurāce of thobseruatiō that the warre had not begon but that the Svvizzers had stirred and all the prouisions necessary had bene ready and lastely the king of Englande might happly haue bene drawne into the confederation with whom for the distance of places there was no leasure to negociate But for that by the daunger of the Castell of Millan the Pope and the Venetians sawe that celeritie was of greate importance they dispatched with speede but secretely commissions to their seuerall Agentes to goe thorowe with the confederation wherein they were enioyned to followe almoste all those Articles which had bene debated before with the Ladye Regent of Fraunce the more to hasten thexpedition There were sent dayly aduertisementes of the necessitie of the Castell which made the Pope enter into consideration That where as it was necessarie for that the high waye from Rome to the Court of Fraunce was stopped to send his messenger corriers by a long circuit of way through Svvizzerlande and where he thought that in the action of capitulation might fall out some difficultie which necessarily might drawe some intermission and tract of time it might happen that they might stand so long vppon the conclusion of the confederation that if tyll then the Castell were deferred to be reskewed there were daunger least the succours would come to late for which consideration importing almoste the effect and substance of the whole he called to consulte of the present perill the Venetians by whose counsell together with thimportunate solicitation of the Agentes of the Duke of Millan resident at Rome and at Venice and concurring also the counsell of many others of his factiō they resolued to prepare a sufficient force to giue reskew to the Castell to th ende to be ready to employ them assone as the conclusion of the league were come out of Fraunce and in the meane while to giue hope to the people of Millan and to nourishe many practises whiche they enterteyned in the townes of that state They made then a resolute conclusion that the Venetians shoulde sende the Duke of Vrbin to their frontiers towards the ryuer of Adda accompanied with their men at armes and six thousande footmen Italians and the Pope to sende to Plaisanca the Count Guido Rangon with sixe thousande footemen And for that it was necessarie to so great a warre to haue many numbers of the Svvizzers of which nation the Duke of Vrbin counselled to leauye twelue thousande for the assured obteyning of the victorie who also aduised the Pope and the Venetians that not to disclose them selues so muche agaynst themperour so long as they were not assured that the league was made it were not good to sende out their Agentes to leauye the Svvizzers they gaue care to Iohn Ia. de Meditis of Millan who of a Capteine of the rocke of Mus had made him selfe lorde of the place partely by a knowledge he had of the situation and fortresse and partly by the occasion and fauour of the time running he tolde them that many monethes before he had practised to that effect with many of the Svvizzer Capteines and did offer vnder an imprest of sixe thousande duckets to make discende an armie of sixe thousande Svvizzers whiche should not be leauyed by the decree of the Cantons but particularly and then to procede to furnish their paye assone as they were discended into the duchy of Millan So that as it often hapneth in enterprises which of the one side are estemed easie and on the other side are pressed with the shortnes of time the offer of this man was accepted by the Pope and the Venetians being also approued by the Agentes of the Duke of Millan and by Ennia Bishop of Verula in whom the Pope reapposed wholly for matters of the Svvizzers for that he had long time followed the solicitation of those affayres in the name of the Church and in that action had lyen many moneths at Bressia by his direction was at that time with the Agent of the Venetians where he treated continually with many of that nation In like sorte they harkned at Venice to Octauian Fregosa Bishoppe of Loda who offring to make an easie leauie of many numbers of that nation had immediatly his expedition without communicating with the Pope for Svvizzerlande to wage sixe thousande in the same sorte and at the same rate of payes Of which deuises both yll vnderstanded and worse ordered was bred as shall be recited in his place a beginning to put to confusion the enterprise which was dressed with so great hope Whylest these preparations were in hande in Italy themprour beginning to enter into suspicion for the delayes that were interposed to the ratification dispatched into Fraunce the Viceroy of Naples and Capteine Alarcon to be fully informed of the kinges intention who was nowe gone from Bayonne to Congnac The Viceroy had stayed all that whyle in the towne of Victoria hauing with him the ostages and the Queene Eleoner to th ende to present them to the king assoone as he had accomplished the contentes of the capitulation And albeit the Viceroy was receyued with very greate honor both for that he was Embassador from themprour and also the king acknowledged in him and his working a great parte of his deliuerie yet he found the king wholly estraunged and farre of to leaue Burgongnie sometimes taking his excuse vpon the obstinacie of thestates of the Realm whose consent he coulde not obteine and sometimes alleaging that willingly he neuer passed a promise which for that it was very preiudiciall to the Crowne of Fraunce it was impossible for him to obserue Onely in respect of his great desire to enterteyne the league of amitie begonne with themprour and to giue perfection to the mariage promised he sayde he was contented obseruing all other couenantes betweene them to paye vnto him two millions of Crownes in place of the resignation of Burgongnie To which excuses he added that no other thing induced him to confirme with this moderation the accord made at Madrill then an inclination he had to continue in good intelligence and correspondencie with themprour the rather
for that he wanted not the working of offers and motions from the Pope the king of England and the Venetians to incense him to the warre Which answere comprehending his last resolution the Viceroy signified to themprour the message being accompanied with one of the kings secretories to confirme the same By this it hapned that notwithstāding the commissions from the Pope Venetians so much desired before were now come to the Court yet the king bearing a more inclination to haue agrement with the Emprour and in that regard had determined to exspect his answere vpon the new offer wherin the Viceroy had giuen him some hope began openly to defer the cōclusion of the cōfederation not altogether dissembling since it was impossible to hide it that he solicited a new accorde with themprour which being propounded by the Viceroy it was a matter which could no way do hurt to be vnderstanded Besides he assured thē notwithstanding he had other intentions that he would neuer make any conclusion which should not conteine the restoring of his children the release of the duchy of Millan vnfayned prouision for the suretie of all Italy An alteration of it selfe sufficient to consume the Pope if for his impressions of suspicion feare he had not iudged that the onely remedie for his affayres was to confederate him selfe with the French king But it is not to be douted with what discontentment and perturbation of minde the Emprour receiued the newes of the Viceroys aduertisementes confirmed by the relation of the secretory of the french king for as it brought no little griefe to him to fall frō the hope he had to recouer Burgongnie a matter which he vehemently desired aswell for thaugmentation of his glory as for thoportunitie of that prouince So his indignation seemed redoubled for that the french king by finding euasions to shift off his promises and fayth giuen made manifest declaration to all the world that he reiected despised to performe the thing he had promised But the thing that bred most torment in his mind was a certayne shame reprouing of himselfe for that both contrary to the counsell of all his Nobles and agaynst the vniuersall iudgement of all his Court and also contrary to the prediction or foreshowing of the countrey of Flaunders related to him by the Lady Margaret his Aunt and by all his Agentes and officers in Italye he dyd not measure with better reasons and more maturitie of counsell the importance and condition of affayres but lulled simplye in the humor of affection perswaded him selfe that the Frenche king would obserue thaccorde And as amidde these impressions and varietie of thoughtes he had diligently cast alwayes that concerned his dignitie and foreseene in what tearmes of daunger and difficulties his affayres woulde stande at all assayes he determined to alter no one ioate of that article or chapter whiche spake of the restoring of Burgongnie no he rather resolued to accorde with the Pope and to consent to the reintegration of Frauncis Sforce as though it had bene more agreable or comely for him to pardon a prince lesse then him selfe then by yeelding to the will of a king ambicious and puissant and enuious of his greatnes to make as it were a voluntary confession of feare wherin his passion caryed him into this resolution to haue rather a most dangerous warre with euery one then to remit the iniurie receyued of the French king for he feared least the Pope seeing his amitie contemned was not wholly estraunged in minde from him wherein his suspicion was augmented by the aduertisement he receyued that besides the Pope had sent into Fraunce a particular messanger to congratulate with the king he had also sent publikely an Embassadour But muche more dyd he susspect for that he had newely taken into his paye vnder cooller to assure agaynst the Mores the sea shoares of the Churche Andrea Dore with eyght gallies vnder the pay of thirtie thousand duckets for enterteinment and pensions for euery yere A matter which both for the qualitie of the man and for that neuer heretofore the Pope had any thought to make him selfe strong vppon the sea and also because Andrea Dore had bene many yeres in the pay of the French king made him enter into suspicion least that practise were subborned of intention to trouble thestate of Genes For these reasons he prepared him selfe to endure all accidentes and leauyed at the same tyme many prouisions of warre bothe to offende and defende He solicited the passing of the Duke of Burbon into Italye who made but slowe preparation to that expedition before he gaue order to that ende that the seuen gallies which laye at Monaco in Italye shoulde be brought about to Barcelonia to be ioyned with the residue and that there shoulde be sent to releeue the necessities of Italy an hundred thousande duckets for that without them the going of the Duke of Burbon woulde serue to nothing He dispatched to the Pope Don Hugo de Moncado with commission as he sayde to satisfie hym But his directions were to passe firste by the Courte of Fraunce to th ende that learning of the Viceroy if there were any hope that the kinge woulde obserue that eyther he should passe no further or if he did that he should chaunge his instructions commissions according to the state and necessitie of affayres But to euery good counsell that was giuen to the Pope was opposed the daunger of the Castell of Millan which being almost consumed with want of vittels he had great feare least it would be rēdred to thenemy he was also timerous that by some meane were not cōtracted a newe accorde betwene the Frenche king and themprour he was vncertayne of that which might be wrought by the comming of Don Hugo whose legation was made so muche the more suspicious by howe muche he was to passe firste by the Court of Fraunce And he was ielouse of the dissimulations and conninges that would be vsed when he should be passed into Italy In which regard the Pope together with the Venetians soliciting with great instance the conclusion of the confederation the king at laste began to harken with better inclination to the resolution of the League Wherevnto he was induced partely for that he did vnderstande by the comming of Don Hugo that themprour would alter nothing of tharticles of the capitulation and partely through feare that if he should deferre further the action of confederation the Pope would be caryed into newe counsells he iudged also that by this confederation his affayres should stande in better estate of reputation with themprour in whom feare might happly plye or moderate the rigour of his mind And lastely he wanted not thincitations of the king of Englande who more with perswasions and reasons then with effectes and sounde meaninges seemed to fauor that conclusion This league was cōcluded the tenth day of May in the yere a thousande fiue hundred and six at
to make a caualier at such time as they should be come to the ditch of thenemies trēch Moreouer he caused to cast a ditche without the castell towards the towne wall the better to haue way to the bastillion towards the wall that was ruinat he made an other trenche at Saint Lukes gate drawing euen vp to the wall And by the commoditie of these labors and workings he ceassed not with thartilleries planted within the castell to execute vppon the ramparts of thennemies which for the alteracion of the earth much vsed and loossened did easily dampe and moderate the shot of thartilleries On the other side the defendants within lost no tyme for distrusting to be longe able to keepe trenches and caualyers they made a ditche towards the houses of the towne and yet made many braue yssues and sallyes and with great courage charged vppon the workes of thennemies Insomuch as the night before the seuenth day they set vppon in three places those trenches which thennemies cast vppon the side of the castell where finding sleeping in their securitie the bands of footemen that were set to garde them they slue more then a hundred together with certeine Capteines and followed the charge euen vppe to the rauelyn before the castell Neuerthelesse notwithstanding their vallour which in those extremities laye not idle and notwithstanding their industry and perpetuall working at rampars and trenches yet they were more and more reduced into straight tearmes and their affayres declining by swift degrees to dominucion for the Duke hauing made way with his trenches euen to their ramparts which seperated the castel from the towne went on vexing them with certeine trowpes of shot other souldiers couered with their targets by whom they receiued great harmes as also by the artilleries from the towers of the castell By reason of these harmes thImperialls not to giue fauor to thennemies by any of their labors burned their rampar which they made at the Caualiere to thend it should not serue for a parapet to those that were without And about the neenetenth daye two trenches of theirs within their ditches being beaten open and flat they retired with the other trenches of which the Duke of Vrbin made small accompt both for that for the shortnes of time they could not be well fortefied And also by their retyring more at large and abroad there must be necessarily a greater gard to defend them But notwithstanding all these works were managed to a good end and yssue yet the procedings of the campe were but slow for the necessitie to reorder renew the regiment of the Venetian footemen who had bene long time without paye for which cause they were greatly diminished in numbers as alwayes in the affayres of the confederats one disorder hapned vpon an other And as thImperialls partly to apply to their aduauntage the disorders of the campe partly to follow the fauor of other occasions did make many sallies by night to proue prouoke the trenches So all their vallour and labor was in vaine for that their ennemies were nowe made wise by thexperience of the harmes they had receiued there before Insomuch as at last the Duke of Vrbin hauing now got a sufficient strength of footemen began the xxij day to make a violent battery vppon a tower which afforetymes had bene battred by Federyk where after he had executed certeine shot of cannon he found thennemies reduced to such termes of weakenes as they could not refuse to compownd In which opinion he sent out a trompet to summon them to render the towne with whome came forth a Capteine launceknight and a Spanish Capteine together with Guido Vaino The day following the capitulacion went betwene them and the Duke that if they were not succored by the ende of the moneth they should depart out of Cremona That it should be permitted to the launceknights to goe into Germany and the Spanyards to the Realme of Naples That in foure moneths they should not beare armes for the defence of the state of Myllan That they should leaue all their artilleries and municions And goe out with their enseignes folded vp and without sownd of dromme or trompet other then at such time as they leauied and brake vp A litle after this time there was sent to remeyne in the French Court as Legat Cardinall Saluiatio who was departed out of Spayne with the leaue of thEmprour And in this meane while the French king had aunswered to the requests that were made to him by the Pope Wherein he excused him selfe by his great want and necessitie of money that his doings and actions were not correspondent to his will and affection But if he might haue a permission to leauy throughout all his realme a tenth of the reuenues of benefices he would releeue him with twenty thowsand duckats monthly of that collection and would be also concurrant with him in the warres of Naples he refused to harken to the conquest of the Duchie of Myllan for him selfe from the which his mother and Monsr Lavvtrech did chiefly drawe him notwithstanding he had declared from the beginning a good inclinaciō that way he gaue him hope that he would goe on with the warre beyond the Mounts But he alleaged that it was necessary thintimacion proceeded which being done he offered to beginne the warre vppon Flaunders side and Parpignan And yet it was discerned that he had no disposicion to it his intencion therein being nothing different from the will of the king of England with whome thexpedicion sent by the Pope serued to no purpose for that the Cardinall of Yorke whose humor was to enterteine euerie one and be sued vnto of all men would giue no resolucion Only the king and the Cardinall made oftentimes this aunswere The affaires of Italie apperteine nothing to vs. At this time the confederats fearing least the Grisons who during the seege of the castell of Millan had reconquered and rased Chiauana woulde enter into the pay of the Duke of Burbon or at least woulde suffer the launceknightes whome he exspected for succours to passe thorowe their contrie The Pope and Venetians bounde them selues to take into their pay two thowsand footemen of the Grisons and to pay to Captaine Mus fiue thowsande fiue hundred duckats which they had promised to him more by force then by frendship This Capteine Mus was fled from the campe fearing the Duke of Millan who was then come to th armie and afterwards pretending that there was money owing to him for the payes of the Svvizzers he deteined prisoners two Embassadors of the Venetians who had bene sent into Fraunce The obligacions of the Pope Venetians stretched also to deliuer them of the new taxes imposed vpon such as traffiked in nauigacion vpon the lake of Coma. And touching the Grisons they bound themselues to stop the passage of the launceknightes and wrought so as Tegane their Capteine who had compounded with the Duke of Burbon to serue him with two
money of the king and vrging him to a greater readines in the warre he would not only not consent to the tenthes without condition of a moytie to himself which the king refused vnder this reason that it was cōtrary to the tradition vsage of Fraunce but also in his contradiction he could not be resolued to create Cardinal the Chauncellor Prat who both for the authority swaigh he bare in the kings councells and for that all expeditiōs of money passed through his handes might haue bene a necessarie instrument to helpe forward all his purposes Suche was his confusion that his counsells were no lesse dilatorie and slowe then th execution vncertayne and irresolute which passion as it tooke beginning of his astonishment for the tumult of the Colonnois so it went on encreasing by newe terrours whose operations ledde him into manyfest contradiction in matters concerning his owne safetie But the French king forgat not to be sorrowfull with Paule d'Arezzo and the other Nuncios for the accident of Rome and in that compassion he offred to the Pope all things for his defence and wishing he would reapose no more confidence in themprour he aduised him to perseuer no longer in the truce vppon which condition and not otherwise he promised still to satisfie the twentie thousande duckets which he was bound vnto for euery moneth To this the Pope was also aduised by the king of Englande who disswaded him from his voyage to Barcelona and to comfort his present distresse he sent him xxv thousand duckets The French king discounselled the Pope from his purpose to go visite the Princes of Christendome as being a matter which for the importance required a deeper consultation And at the first he refused to consent that Paule d'Arezze should go to themprour eyther for suspicion that the Pope would begin to enterteine with him some practise seperat or else that he helde it a matter more honorable to worke the peace by the meane of the kinge of Englande then to seeme vnder those wayes to begge it of themprour Neuerthelesse by a newe instance made by the Pope he gaue his consent to lette hym goe eyther for that he desyred the peace in deede or else because he beganne not well to brooke to haue it wrought by the king of Englande who bare suche a hande and gouernment in these actions that the French king coulde not but doubt least for his interestes particular he would drawe him to conditions harde and inconuenient Wherein he tooke the reason of his doubt vppon the disposition of the king of Englande or rather the Cardinall of Yorke vnder his name who caried with ambition and a glorious desire to be iudge of all set downe conditions very straunge and farre of and hauing also endes different from the purposes of others he feared by reason of those endes least he woulde suffer him to be abused by themprour and woulde not be grieued that the Duchie of Millan should fall vpon the person of the Duke of Burbon by the benefite of the peace so farreforth as he maryed themprours sister to th ende it remayned in his power to giue his daughter in mariage to the Frenche king So that what by these perswasions tendred to the Pope by the one and other king and what through his feare not to loase thamity of the confederates and so by the priuation of their aydes to remaine in pray to themprour and his officers and what by thimportunities and vehement inducements of his owne counsellors and what for the hatred and disdayne conceyued agaynst the Colonnois together with the burning desire to recouer by way of reuenge the honor he had lost he was induced to conuert against the townes lands of the Colonnois all those forces which he had called into Rome onely for the surety of his person And in this variation and ballansing of reasons and causes he iudged there was no law of equitie nor order to compell him to obserue thaccord which he had not made by will and free consent but vnder the abuse of their fraudes and forced by their armes contrary to the law of fayth he sent out immediatly Vitelly with his companies to vex the lands of the Colonnois making his account to burne and raze all their townes for that for the auncient affection of thinhabitantes it could not be a matter very preiudicial to them to take the townes only without doing other violence And in the humor of his anger he published a Bull against the Cardinall and others of that famuly by vertue wherof he proceded afterwards to depriue the Cardinall of the purple hat who seeking before to defend himselfe with the bull of symonie had made publike appellations at Naples and had appealed to the generall councell to come onely the Pope deferred to pronounce sentence against the residue of the house of the Colonnois who were not negligent to wage both horsmen footmen in the realme of Naples But the Popes bands being entred into their towns they burned Marina Montfortin whose Castel held good as yet for the Colonnois And in this rage of victory aduantage they rased Gallicana and Tagarola the Colonnois being careles of al other townes then to defend their places of strength chiefly the towne of Paliano which is a pece strong by situation of very hard accesse for great artilleries besides hath no accesse but by three wayes wherof one can not succor an other and hauing about it walls of good fortification thicknes the inhabitants were determined with great resolution to defend it Neuertheles it was beleued that if he had marched with diligence to assayle it notwithstanding many of thinhabitants of those towns that had bin taken were retyred thyther he had easily caried it for that there was not a souldior within it but whilest he stood temporising deferring to go thither folowing the inclination working of his nature which was full of irresolution feare when things were to be put in execution There entred into the towne by night a strength of 500. footemen aswell launceknights as Italians being sent from the realme of Naples a reliefe which as it made the taking of the towne so hard desperate that Vitelli who at the same time kept his companies about Grotta Ferrata not daring to attempt further enterprise vpon Paliano much lesse to execute any action against the peece called the Popes rock So after he had sent to batter with his artilleries the rock of Montfortin garded by the Colonnois he determined to gather together all his forces at Valmonton more to looke to the defence of the contrey if any stirre or emotion were made on Naples side then with hope to be able to do any thing of importance for the which he was blamed much of the Pope who at a tyme when his deuise was to inuade the kingof dome Naples and afterwards when he called into Rome the regimentes for his defence wished to be sent
an yll counsel of the Pope wrote to him that the Viceroy reiecting all motions to truce was contented to make peace with the Pope onely or with the Pope and Venetians ioyntly so farreforth as they would make payment of money to thend to mainteine the army for assurance of the peace and afterwards to debate in the matter of the truce with the others An alteration mouing eyther by the variation or chaunge of the Viceroy or happly by the perswasions of tharchbishop as many suspected At which time Paule d'Arezze being come to themprours Court with authoritie from the Pope the Venetians and Frauncis Sforce whither also went by the motiō of the king of England for the negociation of peace the Auditor of the Chamber the rather for that before were come thither full commissions from the french king He found themprour wholy chaunged both in minde will taking the reason of his alteration vpon an aduertisement he had receiued of the army of the launceknightes and of his Nauy in Italy In so much as enforcing the fauor of that good aduauntage he fled from all the conditions that were set downe before and vrged vehemently that the French king should obserue absolutely thaccord of Madrill to haue the cause of Frauncis Sforce heard by law before Iudges assigned by himselfe Thus did both the will and intention of themprour vary according to the successe of affayres like as also his commissions which he sent to his Agentes in Italy bare alwayes by reason of the distance of the place eyther an expresse or silent condition to gouerne themselues according to the variation of times and occasions Therfore the Viceroy after he had many dayes abused the Pope with vayne practises and would not so muche as consent to a surceance of armes for a few daies till the negociation might soart to some issue brake vp from Naples the xx of December to goe into thestates of the Church In which wilfulnesse he offred many new and very straunge conditions of accorde But to returne to the laste daye of the yeare wherein the Launceknightes as we haue sayde passed the ryuer of Nure The same day also the Duke of Ferrara by the meane of his Embassador capitulated with the Viceroy and Don Hugo who had commission from themprour Neuertheles the capitulation was made with a very small liking of that Embassador for that he was almoste constrayned to consent by the threates and rude words of the Viceroy Tharticles of the capitulation were these That the duke of Ferrara should be bounde aswell in his person as in his estates to serue themprour agaynst all his enemies That he should be capteine generall for themprour in Italy with a company of an hundred men at armes and two hundred light horsemen onely he should assemble and leauy them at his owne charges and receyue agayne allowance in his accountes That he should presently receyue the towne of Carpy and the Castell of Nouy which had apperteined to Albert Pio for the dowry of themprours bastard daughter promised to his sonne onely the reuenues should be aunswered in account of the souldiors a compensation to be made vntill the consummation of the mariage And that Vespatian Colonno and the Marquis of Guast should disclayme and renounce the rightes which they pretended to them That he should pay the summe of two hundred thousand duckets when he had recouered Modena but out of that should be deducted that which he had giuen to the Viceroy since the battell of Pauia That if he did not recouer Modena all the summes of money which he had before disbursed should be eftsones repayed to him That themprour should be bound to his protection not to make peace without comprehending him and not without obteining for him of the Pope absolution of the paynes and censures which he had incurred euer since he was declared confederate to themprour And lastly that he should vse all his meanes and authoritie to the Pope to absolue him of all those penalties and transgressions which he had runne into before Thus in the ende of the yere a thousande fiue hundred and sixe twentie all things prepared and tended to a manyfest and open warre The ende of the seuenteenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE EIGHTENTH BOOKE THe Duke of Burbonissueth out of Millan The Viceroy and Colonnois make vvarre agaynst the Pope in thestate of the Churche The Marquis of Salussa entreth vvithin Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdome of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope beeing abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith thimperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of Englande is declared agaynst themprour The confederates do many enterprises THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE OF THE historie and discourse of Guicciardin NOW ensueth the yeare of our Lorde a thousande fiue hundred and seuen and twenty A yeare prepared to many harde euentes and accidentes suche as for their crueltie were full of feare and daunger and for their straungenes had no example or experience with the worldes and ages before For in the predictions of this yeare was expressed an vniuersall face of troubles and confusion of mutation of estates of captiuitie of princes of desolation of Cities of dearth of vittelles and of a generall visitation of the plague yea through all the regions and climates of Italy there was no apparance nor contemplation of other thing then of blood death famine and fleeing A condition lamentable euen to forreiners and straungers that dyd but heare of it but moste intollerable to those miserable wretches vpon whose neckes the lawe of destenie had drawne so grieuous a yoke To these calamities there was no other thing that stayed the action of beginning and execution but the difficulties whiche the Duke of Burbon founde to make the regimentes of Spanishe footemen to departe out of Millan for where he had determined that Anthony de Leua shoulde abide there for the defence of the whole Duchie and reteyne with him all those bands of Launceknightes which were there before for whose enterteinmentes and payes were consumed bothe all the moneyes exacted at tymes vppon the Millannois and also suche other summes as were leauyed by the billes of exchaunge which the Duke of Burbon brought from Spayne And where he had also appoynted to remayne with the sayd Leua for the seruice of the Duchie a strength of twelue hundred footemen Spaniardes together with some bandes of Italian footemen vnder the leading of Lodovvike Belliense and other commaunders So likewise by their example all the other bandes and regimentes of souldiors for that they had in pray the houses the wyues and daughters of thinhabitantes of Millan were not discontented to liue still in that estate of licentious libertie But for that both for the necessitie of the present seruice and regarde of their proper honor and lastely for the awe and authoritie of the Duke of Burbon they
the castell S. Angelo The Pope was al this while in no smal thought to make prouision of money wherin imploring the ayde of other princes he receiued of new from the king of England a supply of thirty thousand duckets which the lord Russell his Chamberlaine brought to him And with him came Monsr de Rabandanges with ten thousande crownes sent to him by the french king vpon the benefit of the tenthes which the Pope had accorded to him by necessitie compulsion vnder this promise notwithstāding that besides the payments of the forty thousand crownes which he gaue to the league and twenty thousand which he contributed to the Pope for euery moneth he should presently minister to him thirty thousand duckets within a moneth thirty thousand more The king of Englande gaue commission also to the Lorde Russell to signifie to the Viceroy and the Duke of Burbon a surseance of armes to th end to giue sufferance and tyme to treate a peace the practise and negociation whereof according to themprours will was holden in Englande And if the Viceroy would not condiscend to it then to denounce agaynst him warre It seemed by this readynes and many other apparances that the king of Englande vnder a desire to marry his daughter with the Frenche king was well inclined to the confederates and fauoured their cause And in that good inclination he promised that assoone as the mariage were established to enter into the league and beginne the warre in Flaunders It seemed also he was particularly disposed to do pleasure to the Pope But there could be no great exspectation of ready remedies from a prince who both measured not well the present conditions of Italy nor stoode firme and resolute in his purposes beeing styll labored and retyred by the hope which themprour gaue him to commit to him the working and arbitration of the peace notwithstanding theffectes were in nothing correspondant to the semblances and showes he made for when the Auditor of the Chamber was with him for that matter albeit themprour did what he could to perswade him in many sortes that such was his intention yet for that he exspected some euentes from Italy since the discending of the launceknightes and the aryuall of his Nauy at sea wherof he had receiued some aduertisement he forbare to giue him an aunswere assured and certayne taking his excuse vppon the warrantes and commissions of the confederates as though they were not sufficient But thaccorde whiche the Pope solicited continually with the Viceroy hurt him not a little with the Confederates both for that they stoode alwayes in feare least he woulde resolue and compound with him And also the French king and the Venetians made this iudgement that all the exspences and defraymentes whiche they should make to support him would be almost vnprofitable This iudgement and suspicion tooke encreasing by certayne degrees of vehement feares whiche were discerned in him together with the lamentable protestations he made dayly that he was no more hable to susteine the warre Wherein agaynst hys ordinarye meane and remedy in that case he opposed wilfully his naturall obstinacy would not make Cardinalls for money nor releeue himselfe in so great necessities amid so many daungers of the Church with those meanes which other Popes had wont to vse yea euen in thatchieuing of their vniust and ambicious enterprises In which regarde the French king and the Venetians to be the better prepared and ready in all accidents were eftsones particularly bound to make no accord with themprour the one without the other And the French king for that cause and for the great hope which the king of Englande gaue to rayse together with him in case the mariage went forwarde great emotions in the spring following became more negligent and lesse carefull of the daungers of Italy In this time the Viceroy who solicited an inuasion vpon the Churche states dispatched a regiment of two thousande Spanish footemen to assault a small Castell of Stephen Colonno where the vallour of the defendantes made that enterprise in vayne And because the Viceroy came on and aduaunced thecclesiastikes referred to an other time to execute the resolution taken to batter the Popes rocke the garrisons of which place had surprised the Castell Gandolffo but weakly manned and at that tyme holden by the Cardinall de Monte At last the Viceroy after he had assembled into one strength twelue thousande footemen all bodyes commaunded and trayned sauing the Spaniards and Launceknights that were come with him by sea encamped with his whole armie the xxix of Ianuary before Frusolone a towne weake and without walles sauing that the howses of some particulars serue as a wall and within the which the capteines of the Church had bestowed garrison because they would leaue him no footing nor entrie into Campagnia to the weaknes of this place was ioyned a great necessitie and want of vittells and yet the situation of the towne standing vpon a hill giueth alwayes to the inhabitantes good meane and oportunitie to saue them selues of one side for that it beareth a certaine benesite of reskew and backing A matter which gaue a great resolution to the garrison within to defende it besides that they were of the best choyse of Italians whiche at that time tooke paye Moreouer the height of the mountayne was no litle impediment to thenemies to do any action vpon their artilleries of which they had planted three demy Cannons and foure Coluerines Onely the greatest care of thenemies was to stoppe as muche as they could the entry of vittells into the towne On the other side the Pope who albeit was muche impouerished for money and was more apt to suffer indignitie to desire others to releeue him then to furnishe himselfe by meanes extraordinary encreased his campe as muche as he could with bandes of footemen payed and trayned And in that incertentie of minde and dealing he had newly taken into his paye Horacio Baillon without keeping memorie or obseruation of the iniuries which he had done before to his father and afterwardes to him whom he had of long holden prisoner within the Castell of S. Angelo as a troubler of the quiet of Perousa With these supplies of souldiours his armie went on alwayes drawing neare to Ferentin to make there his generall moosters and to giue hope of succours to those that were besieged The batterye of Frusolona was reduced to perfection the xxiiij day but because it was not suche as to giue hope to cary the place there was no assault performed Onely capteine Alarcon trauelling about the walles was hurt with the blowe of a harquebuse and likewise Maria Vrsin was wounded One of the principall grounds and hopes of the Viceroy was that he was not ignorant that the souldiors within suffred great scarcitie of vittells as also the armie that moostred at Ferentin was in the same extremitie for the souldiours of the Colonnois whiche laye within Palicina Montfortin and the Popes Rocke the
mariage Katherine de Medicis daughter to Lavvrence and neece to the Pope for the french king reapposing muche for him selfe in the negociation of England and being perswaded that the Viceroy for the disorder of Frusolono coulde execute nothing and also that the army imperiall both for their slownes to moue and march and for their wants necessities of money would not go at al into Tuskane would heare no further of the motion of the truce no though it should be generall and extended to comprehende all and that he should be acquited from all payments of money Wherin albeit his principall intention was not to giue time to themprour to reorder and readdresse his forces yet in regarde of his owne nakednes pouerty of money he sent to the Pope no other thing of the xx thousand duckets which he had promised monthly nor of the money collected of the tenth then ten thousand duckets Neither had he sent as yet the wages of those bands of footmen appoynted to the mayne army at sea running in the common accompts exspences of the Venetians and him And lastly for that he had desire that there should be no action or enterprise till some conclusion were made with the king of Englande he thought it but reasonable that the Pope should temporise and exspect till that time So that the enterprise of Naples begun with so great felicitie and hope went euery day diminishing and of lesse exspectation for as the army by sea which was neither made greater by vessels and shipping nor stronger with supplies of souldiors was not to execute any great action the rather for that they were to drawe out of their mayne forces garrisons of men to defende such places as they tooke So the army by land which for the yll disposition of the tyme was not as yet possessed of the vittels that were sent from Rome by sea did not onely not aduaunce but also diminishing dayly by new degrees of disorder and penury of vittells it retyred at laste to Piperna Besides those regiments of footemen which Ranso ledde and gouerned were so diminished for want of money that Ranso seeing he could not inclose the Viceroy according to the plotte he had layde returned backe to Rome yea lastly the straite negociation and labor of the accorde which the Pope interteined augmented greatly those disorders for as it abated the preparations of the consederates which of them selues came but slowely on So on the other side it pushed on the Popes inclination to the accorde wherein he was induced to reappose a greater hope in thintention of themprour for thintelligence he had by one of his letters surprised by which he charged the Viceroy to enterteine and embrace thaccorde with the Pope if thestate and condition of his affayres induced him not to take other counsell But the matter that moste stirred and moued him was that he sawe the Duke of Burbon marche and aduaunce continually with the armie Imperiall neyther did he discerne the resolutions of the Duke of Vrbin to be so constant nor the prouisions of the Venetians so full and forwarde as he could be assured of the matters of Tuskane the feare of which brought no small affliction to him for as thimperialls laye some of them on this side and some of them beyonde Plaisanca the Duke of Vrbin had chaunged his firste opinion which was to get before them into Bolognia with the Venetian armie and had resolued in his counsell that assoone as he should be aduertised that thenemies would remoue the armie ecclesiastike leauing good garrison within Parma and Modena should goe to Bolognia And for him selfe he woulde marche with the Venetian armie in the tayle of thenemies though twentye or thirtye miles from them for the more surety of his people According to which order when afterwards thenemies would take the way to Romagnia or Tuskane the whole campe should aduaunce continually the armie ecclesiastik marching alwayes before with the Marquis of Salusse leading the french launces the Svvizzers footemen and his owne and leauing alwayes garrisons in such places as thenemies should passe by after them and they afterwards to be reassembled and reuoked from hand to hand according as the enemie should aduaunce and passe This counsell the Duke iustified and folowed with many reasons such as the other capteins could neither comprehende nor approue First he alleaged that there was no surety to assemble and ioyne all together in the fielde to stop the passage of thimperialls for that it would be a matter eyther daungerous or vnprositable Touching the daunger he referred it to rest in the feight or battell for that if thimperialls were not superiour in numbers and multitudes at least they were aboue them in force and vallour an aduauntage which would make the victory easie to them And he proued it vnprofitable by this that if thimperialls would not feight at least it would be alwayes in their power to leaue behinde them the armie of the confederates and so keeping alwayes before them they shoulde be apte to accomplishe great exploytes Lastely he alleaged that as in thexperience and reason of things he helde this counsell better then all others So also he was constrayned by necessitie to embrace and followe it for that th imperiall armie beeing as was beleeued halfe shaken he could not put his people into suche speedy readynes as to be assured to marche in tyme and to gette before Besides seeing the Venetians had wholly reapposed them selues vppon him touching that deliberation he was to consider not to leaue their estate in daunger which if thennemies discerned to be vnfurnished they might taking newe counsell vppon newe occasions turne their course to passe ouer Pavv and so intrude vpon their landes to their harmes This reason might suffice to content the Senate of Venice for that naturally they haue for obiect to proceede aduisedly and surely in all their affayres But it did not satisfie the Pope for that vnder that counsell he sawe opened a waye to th imperiall armie to take their course euen vp to Rome or to Tuskane or to make their passage into what place they liste seeing there was no possibilitie of resistance by the armie that was to goe before bothe for that they were to distribute in places as they passed garrisons of souldiours and also their mayne strength was to suffer diminution by other meanes Neyther was it a matter certayne that in the Venetians tarying once behinde woulde bee as greate readinesse to followe with effectes as the Duke was liberall to promise in wordes considering his custome and manner of proceeding in all the course of the warre before Lastely he iudged that if the armies were reduced into one strength wherein the numbers of souldiours farre exceeded the Imperialls they mighte with more facilitie stoppe thennemie for passing further cutte off the traffike of their vittells obserue all occasions that offred and neuer be so farre remoued from them that in good season and oportunitie they might
being corrupted with some secret summe of money within very few daies after deliuered vp those castells to the Florentyns In the meane while the people of Florence had reduced their citie to a popular gouernment and in that humor had created Gonfalonier and chiefe Magistrate of the pollicie for one yeare with facultie of confirmation for three yeares one Nicholas Cappony A Citizen of great authoritie and a louer of the publike libertie This man desiring wholly the concord and vnitie of the Citizens and no lesse zealous to reduce the gouernment to the most perfect forme of a common weale that was possible debated the action with reasons graue and resolued in a conuocacion of the great councell in whome rested absolute power to establishe lawes and create all Magistrates And sure if the Citizens had giuen faith to the perswasions of this man their new libertie had happly endured longer But as for the most parte the passion of spite and disdaine is stronger in him that recouereth libertie then in an other that defendeth it so the hatreds being great against the house of Medicis for many causes but especially for that they haue bene driuen to beare out for the most part with their owne money all the enterprises that they had begonne The people began to persecute immoderatly all those Citizens that were friendes to the Medicis together with such as boare affection to the name of the Pope They called into remembraunce how the citie had exspended not onely in the occupacion but also in the defence of the Duchie of Vrbyn more then fiue hundred thowsand duckats And as much in the warre which Pope Leo managed against the French king and in matters hapning after his death depending vppon the same warre Neither did they forget the three hundred thowsand duckats which were payed to the Capteines Imperialls and to the Viceroy before the creacion of Clement And lastly they reduced into reckoning the six hundred thowsand duckats disburssed aswell since that tyme as employed in this last warre agaynst the Emprour These reckonings beeing ioyned to the humor of their vniuersall hatreds so aggrauated their rage and furye that they defaced and reuersed through all the partes of the citie the armes and enseignes of the house of Medicis not forbearing in that course of insolencie to pull downe euen those skootchions which were affixed and emboasted to the publike pallaices builded by them selues They brake the images or portraictes of Leo and Clement set vp in so greate glorye in the temple of Annuciado so much celebrated through all the worlde yea the moste parte of them omitted nothing apperteyning to moue the Popes disdaine and to nourish the diuisions and discords of the citie wherein they had risen into greater degrees of disorder if the authoritie discression of the Gonfalonier had not bene interposed which yet was not sufficient to remedie many insolencies But by this tyme were comen to Rome with the Marquis of Guast and Don Hugo all those footebands of launceknights and Spanyards which were in the Realme of Naples So that it was sayd they had stronge within the towne of Rome eyght thowsande Spanish footemen twelue thowsand launceknights and foure thowsand Italians An armye sufficient to doe in Italy what they would aswell for the reputacion they had gotten as for the vniuersall astonishment of those regions together with the weake prouisions that were made to oppose against them Onely the armye tooke such libertie in their insolencies and disorders the Prince of Orenge being Capteine generall in title and name but not in authoritie and effect that they tooke litle care of thinterests of thEmprour beeing wholly caried with the humor of praye and spoyle and to raunsom prisoners and racke the purse of the Pope Matters whose sweetenes deteyned them still in Rome where running a race of tumult and mutinie the Viceroy and the Marquis of Guast feared least they woulde extend their furye vppon their persons to the daunger of their liues In which feare they fled leauing the souldiours to the hazard and stroake of the plague which beeing already begonne kindled amongest them greater bronds of infection to their vniuersall domage for these reasons thImperialls lost thoccasion of many enterprises but especially they omitted the oportunitie to conquer Bolognia A citie which albeit the Count Hugo de Pepoly went thether after the losse of Rome with an army of a thowsand footemen payed by the Venetians yet it stoode and perseuered in the obedience of the sea Apostolike though not without difficultie by reason of the tumult which Lavvrence Maluezzo made by the secret consent of Ramassotto and the fauor of the faction of the Bentyuoleis yea which was of no lesse importance then the residue their disorder and carelesnes gaue tyme to the French king to dispatch into Italy a moste mightye armye with great daunger to the Emperor to lose the Realme of Naples after he had triumphed gloriously in so great a victorye for matters going on long time before in Fraunce to a preparacion of a newe warre there was established the foure and twenty of Aprill A conclusion of the confederacion solycited many moneths betwene the French king and king of England Wherein one condicion was that the Daughter of the king of England shoulde be maryed to the french king or to the Duke of Orleans his second sonne the election of which shoulde be resolued at the tyme of the enteruiewe of the two kinges which was to bee performed at Whitsontyde betweene Callyce and Bolleyne An other article was that the kinge of Englande shoulde renownce the title of kinge of Fraunce receyuing in recompense a yearely pension of fiftye thowsande duckats The thirde article bare that the kinge of Englande shoulde enter the league made at Rome and to bee bownde by the next moneth of Iulye to moue warre beyonde the Mountes agaynste thEmprour with nyne thowsande footemen and the Frenche Kinge with eyghteene thowsande and a conuenient number of launces and artilleries That in the meane whyle bothe the one and the other of them shoulde sende Embassadors to thEmprour bothe to signifie the confederacion made by them to summon him to restore the kinges children and to enter into the peace with comely condicions Which in case he woulde not accept within one moneth their Embassadors shoulde denownce warre to him and beginne it Assoone as this accorde was passed the king of England entred the league who together with the Frenche king dispatched two gentlemen in post to present to thEmprour conuenient summonce Matters which were done by the Embassadors of the Frenche and Englishe with a farre greater readines then they were performed by the Popes commission for that his Nuncio Baltasar Castillion sparing to sharpen the mynde of thEmprour would not consent to denownce warre agaynst him But afterwardes the Court of Fraunce beeing possessed with the newes of the losse of Rome And the displeasure of the accident of the Pope beeing ballanced with the gladnes
confederates a beginning of some contencion for as Monsr Lavvtrech layed his plot to leaue there in garrison fiue hundred footemen to th end that in all euentes his bandes and regimentes might haue a sure retraite there and also suche companies as shoulde come out of Fraunce might orderlie reassemble and refreshe them selues in that Citie So thEmbassador of the Duke of Millan who beganne to suspect least that beginning extended to vsurpe and occupie that state for his king opposed against it with protestacions and wordes full of efficacie Wherein thEmbassador of Venice concurring with him in that minde and the Englishe interposing in the action Monsr Lavvtrech at last agreed albeit with great indignacion to leaue it freely to the Duke of Millan A matter which happilie was of great preiudice for that enterprise for that according to thopinion of many he vsed a greater negligence in the conquest of Millan either through disdaine or else to reserue him selfe to doe it in a time when without the regard of others he might make his proffit of it But after the losse of Alexandria it was not doubted but Monsr Lavvtrech would conuert his forces either to Millan or to Pauia and therfore that Antho. de Leua who had there with him an hundred and fiftie men at armes and fiue thowsand and fiue thousand footemen Spanish and Lanceknightes distrusting to be able to defende Millan with so small forces and amid so many difficulties shoulde retyre his companies to Pauia neuertheles considering that Pauya gaue smalreliefe or store of vittels and lesse exspectation to mainteine the armie there with robberies extortions as hadde bene done rudely and iniuriously at Myllan he chaunged purpose and stayed at Myllan sending to the garde of Pauya Lodovvyke Belioyense and to the Myllanois who with money would buy libertie to depart he solde for corruption and gaine the thing that he could not lawfully giue But Monsr Lavvtrech notwithstanding he was much weakened in nombers of Svvizzers marched on and tooke Vigeuena and afterwardes making a bridge vpon the riuer of Thesin and by the ayde of the same past his armie ouer he drewe towards Benerolo which is a village within iiij miles of Myllan In this order of proceeding he made shew as though he would in campe before that Citie whereunto he was also counselled by the Venetians but in deede he was resolued to take that course which seemed most easie And because he vnderstoode when he was within eight miles of Myllan that Lodovvyke Belioyense had sent thyther the night before foure hundred footemen by which meane there remayned no more then eight hundred within Pauya He turned way and went the day folowing being the xxviij of September to the Monasterie of Charterhouse and from thence with great celeritie he went to incampe before Pauya To the succours or reskue of which Citie Anthonie de leua taking occasion vpon the alteration of Monsr Lavvtrech and chaunging his way dispatched thyther three ensignes of footemen who coulde not enter by which impediment together with the small nombers of men of warre that were there it seemed the Towne coulde make no great resistance And in that weakenes and feare notwithstanding they of the Towne besought Belioyense to make some composition to auoyde the sacke and destruction of the Citie yet herefused to graunt them that compassion But when he saw with what importunitie Lavvtrech continued his batterie by the space of foure dayes hauing reuersed so much of the wall that the small nomber of men that were within sufficed not to reenforce it The necessitie of the place ioyned to the complaintes of the townesmen compelled at last Belioyense to sende a trumpet to Lavvtrech who hauing no speedie accesse to him by reason that he was by chaunce gone to the Venetian campe The souldiers drawing neare the towne entred into it by the ruines of the wall which being a spectacle greeuous to Belioyense and no meane to remedie or resist it he set open the gates of the towne and issued out in his misfortune to yelde himselfe to the Frenchmen who sent him prisoner to Genes The Citie was sackt in which action the Frenchmen spent eight dayes in pillage and crueltie putting fire into diuers houses which intheir furie they consumed in reuenge of the battel which they lost within the parke Then they drewe to counsel whether they shoulde execute the enterprise of Myllan or addresse their forces to Rome The Florentines made instance to passe further for feare least Lavvtrech staying in Lombardie the imperiall armie issued not out of Rome to distresse them The Venetians and Duke of Myllan who was expresly come from Myllan impugned it alleaging what great opportunitie there was to take Myllan and the profite that would rise by it for the enterprise of Naples for that as Myllan being taken there remayned no hope to thimperials to haue succours out of Germanie so that gate being layde open it was to be alwayes feared that a great armie comming from that part woulde not eyther put Lavvtrech in daunger or at least diuert him from the enterprise of Naples But he aunswered that he must necessarily passe further by the commaundementes of his king and the king of Englande who had sent him into Italie chiefelie to deliuer the Pope To which resolucion it was beleued he might be induced by suspicion that if the Duchie of Millan were got the Venetians thinking them selues assured from all daunger of the greatnesse of thEmperour would not be negligent to ayde the king in the enterprise of the realme of Naples And happily he was no lesse induced by this that the king supposed it would be for the benefitte and proffit of his affaires not to suffer Frauncis Sforce to recouer whollie that state to th ende that reteyning the power to offer to the Emperour to leaue it he might the easelier obteyne the deliueraunce of his children by way of thaccorde which continuallie was negociated with thEmperour by thEmbassadors of Fraunce Englande and Venice But in the negociacion of the same appeared many difficulties for that thEmperour made instance that the cause of Frauncis Sforce should be referred to the sentence of the lawe and that during the triall thestate of Millan to be holden by him promising in all accidentes not to appropriat it to him selfe He required that the Venetians shoulde pay to thArchduke the residue of the two hundred thowsande duckats which were due to him by the capitulacions of VVormes which the Venetian Embassador refused not so farre foorth as thArchduke woulde accomplishe the sayd capitulacions and render such places as he was bound by the obligacions of the same he demaunded of the sayd Venetians to giue to their exiles according to couenaunt an hundred thowsande duckats or at least assignacion for fiue thowsande duckats of reuenue That they should pay that which they ought him for the cōfederacion made with him which he wished might be renued That they shoulde render Rauenna to the Church and
whollie to giue ouer all that they helde in the Duchie of Millan he required thirtie thowsande duckats of the Florentins in recompense of the defrayments and exspenses made and for domages receiued by reason of their inobseruancie He consented that the Frenche king shoulde pay for him to the king of England a dette of foure hundred and fiftie thowsande duckats and for the residue amounting to two millions he required ostages he required to be prouided for him the twelue gallies of the Frenche king for the conuey of his person into Italie onely he cut of all proporcions of horsemen and footemen Lastlie he demaunded that as soone as thaccorde were resolued all the Frenche regimentes should issue out of Italie an article which the Frenche king refused onlesse his children were first restored to him Yea when it was hoped that he would mitigate these demaundes for the losse of Alexandria and Pauia it was then he showed him selfe more firme and resolute following his custome which was not to yeelde to difficulties In so muche as when the Auditor of the Chamber came to him out of Englande the fifteenth of October to solicite the Popes deliuerie in the name of the king of Englande he aunswered that he had taken order for that by the Generall And that touching the accorde he woulde not eyther for loue or by force alter the condicions he had established before But assuredlie it was discerned manifestlie that thEmperour bare no great inclinacion to the peace for that many thinges gaue him corage against the puissance of his ennemies for he called into consideracion that in Italy he might make resistance through the vertue of his armie and for the facilitie to defende townes That he coulde alwayes with small difficultie make passe newe supplies of Launceknightes That the long tract of exspenses had drayned of money and treasor the Frenche king and the Venetians That according to the custome of leagues their prouisions were defectiue and diminished he had confidence to draw out of Spaine sufficient store of money seeing he bare out the warre with farre lesser exspenses then did the confederates being much impouerished by the pillage and robberie of souldiers and also for that he hoped by seperating the confederates to make them more weake or negligent Lastlye he promised much to himselfe of his great felicitie both approoued by thexperience of so many yeeres and had bene assured from his infancie by manye predictions But in this time Monsr Lavvtrech solicited that the armies by sea prepared to inuade either Cicilia or the Realme of Naples shoulde aduaunce and come on of which the fleete of the Venetians whose prouisions eyther by sea or lande aunswered nothing thobligations was at Corfon and sixteene gallies were to ioyne with Andre Dore who exspected in the ryuer of Genes Ransode Cero appoynted to the footemen of that enterprise After Lavvtreth sent backe agayne into Fraunce foure hundred launces and three thousande footemen and contracted with the Venetians whom he counselled to render Rauenna to the colleage of Cardinals and with the Duke of Millan that to defende that which hadde bene conquered they shoulde reteyne their bands with whom were Ianus Fregosa and Count Caiesse in a place well fortified at Landriano which is a village within two miles of Millan By reason of whose neighbourhead for that the companies that were within Millan coulde not goe abroade it was supposed an easyer gard woulde be made of Pauia Moncia Biagrassa Marignan Binasquo Vigeuena and Alexandria After he hadde established these thinges the eighteene of October he marched with fifteene hundred Svvizzers the like nomber of Launceknightes and sixe thowsande aswell Frenche as Gascons And with this strength he passed the ryuer of Pavv right ouer agaynst the Borowe of Saint Iohn with intention to abide there the comming of the Launceknightes of whom till then was arriued but a very slender nomber and also an other regiment of footemen of the same nation which the French king had sent to leuye of newe in place of the Svvizzers who were almost gone away But from this place he was driuen to sende backe agayne beyonde Pavv Peter Nauarre with the bands of footemen Gascons and Italians to the succours of Biagrassa before which towne garded by the Duke of Millan Antho. de Leua was gone to incampe the xxviij of October with foure thowsande footemen and seuen peeces of artilleries taking his reason of that enterprise vpon the wantes and ill prouisions of the towne which being yelded to him the second day by accorde he prepared to passe into Lomelino to the ende to reconquer Vigeuena and Nouaro But being aduertised by good espiall that Peter Nauare was come with a greater supplie of forces he returned backe againe to Millan By which retyring he made easie to Peter Nauare to get againe Biagressa in whiche Frauncis Sforce bestowed better prouisions It was nowe discerned that Monsr Lavvtrech deferred with great industrie and art to depart Wherein albeit he alleaged that the thing that reteyned him was the tarying of the Launceknightes of whom one band being at last arriued vnder the charge of Monsr Vaudemont he abode the comming of the others And albeit he cunningly accompanied that excuse with a complaint of the slender prouisions of the Venetians yet it was supposed that the onely cause that helde him in deferring and lingring was the money which he exspected out of Fraunce But the true and most stronge reason was that the French king hoping much in the peace the negotiacion whereof was stil continued with themperour he gaue direction to Lavvtrech to dissemble vnderslowe proceedings his aduauncing on whereupon also it came to passe that the kyng was not readie to satisfie his part of the pay of those Almains which were leauyed in place of the Svvizzers and much lesse the other bands that were before reserued to go with Monsr Vavvdemont With these necessities or rather excuses Monsr Lavvtrech soiourning at Plaisanca and his companies being bestowed betwene Plaisanca and Parma the difficultie which before was had of the duke of Ferrara was nowe taken awaye This Duke like as Monsr Lavvtrech assone as he was entred into Italy had solicited to enter into the league which was a matter desired of th one side by the Duke in respect of thalliance that was offred to him with the French king and on the other side the same reteining him both for a distrust he had of the vallour of the French and for a suspicion he had least the king for the recouery of his children would not at last accord with themprour So neuertheles fearing the threats of Lavvtrech he was reduced conformable to the will of the French demaunding only that the negociatiō of those affayres might be performed at Ferrara for that he would in his owne person manage a cause that imported him so muche So that thembassadours of the whole confederates went vp to Ferrara together with Cardinall Cibo in the name of those Cardinalls that were
him to Montfalcon where dismissing almoste all his bandes of footemen he was ledde by the same Levvis euen to Orbietto into whiche Citie he entred by nighte without the company of any one Cardinall An example worthy of consideration and perhaps neuer happned since the Churche was great that a Pope shoulde in that sorte fall from so great a puissance and reuerence his eyes to beholde the losse and sacke of Rome his person to bee turned ouer into captiuitie and his whole estate reduced to the disposing of an other and within fewe monethes after to be restored and reestablished in hys former greatnes So greate towardes princes Christian is thauthoritie of the Pope and the respect which mortall men do beare to him About this time which was immediatly after Monsr Lavvtrech was departed from Plaisanca Antho. de Leua sent out of Millan the bandes of Spanishe and Italian footemen both to feede and refresh themselues and also to recouer suche places of the contrey as were most weake to thend to open a way and commodity to bring a traffike of vitttelles to Myllan These bandes exchaunging the captiuitie of the towne wherein they were kept strayte for the libertie of the countrey which gaue them skope tooke that part of the countrey which is called Spetio He sent out also at the same time and to the same ends Phillip Toruiello with eleuen hundred footmen and certayne light horsemen to Nouaro in which citle was a garrison of foure hundren footemen of the duke of Millan Toruiello made his entrye by the Rocke which had bene alwayes holden in the name of the Emprour and finding a very slender defence he made himselfe maister of the towne where making pillage of some of the footemen and sending the residue to their houses he kept within Nouaro holding it for a retrayte to ouerrunne all the countrey thereabout But there were part of the Launceknightes got into Arond and an other part bestowed within Moraro To whom for that the Duke had sent a strength of other footmen for the defence of Lomelina and the countrey they became impedimentes to Toruiello that he had no libertie to make his incursions farre off In so much as that wynter running foorth in no other exploytes then in many skirmishes both partes made pillage aswell vpon their friendes as their enemies in that libertie of warre ranne ouer the whole countrey with an vniuersall ruine of all sortes of people In like sort at that time were ioyned and assembled at Liuorno the gallies of Andrea Dore and fourteene French gallies with sixteene gallies of the Venetians who after they had receyued in Ranso de Cere with three thousande footemen to put on lande they waighed anker the xiij of Nouember to departe out of the port of Liuorno And albeit it was determined before that they should make an inuasion vpon the I le of Sicile yet that resolution beeing innouated they were conuerted to the enterprise of Sardignia at the perswasion as was supposed of Andrea Dore who happly had in his minde other conceptions Monsr Lavvtreth consented easily to embrace this enterprise hoping that Sardignia beeing taken the conquest of Sicilie woulde be of lesse difficultie But what so euer the cause was the issue and effect was straunge and diuerse for that falling into the rage of a verye violent storme they were seperated and turned to their seuerall hazardes of the sea One of the Frenche gallies perished neare the shoares of Sardignia and foure of the Venetians beeing sore beaten with the fury of tempests returned to Liuorno the other gallies of the french were driuen into Corsa by the rage of the windes agaynst which the skill of the Pylotes had no force and afterwardes they reassembled with the foure Venetian gallies within Portovecchio the other eight of the Venetians were caried by violence of sea and storme into Liuorno So that after many perills by storme and weather that enterprise stoode dissolued Andrea Dore and Ranso de Cere remayning in great discorde together But Monsr Lavvtrech beeing within Reggia assone as he was aduertised of the Popes deliuerie he left the castell of Parma to the officers of the Church and went vp to Bolognia In which Citie he made his abode exspecting the comming of the last bandes of the Launceknightes who within fewe dayes afterwardes aryued vppon the countreys of Bolognia not in number of sixe thousande as was appoynted but only three thousand which was farre lesse then was looked for And neuertheles after they were aryued Lavvtrech soiourned twentie dayes within Bolognia attending the kings aduertisemēt for the last resolution touching the negociation of the peace He vsed in the meane whyle a great diligence wherin was also interposed the authoritie of the king of England to draw the Pope to make an open protestation to cleaue to the confederates But immediatly after he was aryued at Orbietta like as there went to congratulate with him the duke of Vrbin the Marquis of Salusso Federike Bossolo who dyed a litle after ar Lody and Levvis Pisano cōmissarie for the Venetians So he besought them with great instance to retire their cōpanies bands of men of warre from thestate ecclesiastik assuring them that the imperials had promised him to withdrawe their forces if they might discerne the armies of the confederats to do the like And in that cōpassion he wrote also a letter to Monsr Lavvtrech tending to thanke him both for that he had done to purchase his deliuerance and also for the counsell he gaue him to procure his libertie in any sorte what so euer He debated with him that his actions and industrie had bin of so great consequence to constrayne thimperialls to resolue vpon his deliuerie that he did no lesse acknowledge himselfe bound to the king and to him then if his person had bin taken out of that calamitie with the force of their armes The ayde and proceedings of which he would willingly haue taryed for had not his necessitie compelled him to abandon all temporising the rather for that the conditions that were proponed were alwayes chaunged from yll to worse the same testifying vnto him in cleare apparance that his fortune had lefte vnto him no other meane of deliuerye then by the benefite and operation of accorde which by how muche more it was deferred and put of by so muche more the authoritie and estate of the Church was to fall into manyfest reuersement But the chiefest matter that induced him to determine his aduersitie by accorde was a hope he had conceyued that beeing at libertie he should be made an apt instrument to solicite a common tranquillitie both with his king and the other princes of Christendome Such were at first his phrases and manner of speeches protested in simplicitie and roundnes as became the office of a Bishop but especially a Pope who had receyued at the hands of God so seueare and sharpe admonitions Neuertheles it was not long ere he returned to his
natural custome hauing not left for the calamitie of his imprisonment neither his suttleties wherin he could depely dissemble nor his couetousnes which he could not auoyde for when the Agents which Lavvtrech sent together with the Embassadour of the king of Englande were come before him to solicite him to consederate with the residue he began to giue them diuerse aunsweres Sometimes he dismissed them with hope that he would be reduced conformable to their desires and sometimes he would inferre excuses that hauing neyther men money nor authoritie as it coulde not helpe them muche to haue him to ioyne with them so the action could not but be preiudiciall to himselfe for that thimperialls would take occasion to vex him in many places And sometimes he showed a ready inclination to satisfie their demaundes so farrefoorth as Monsr Lavvtrech did aduaunce A matter which he desyred greatly to thend the Launceknightes were compelled to depart out of Rome who going on consuming the remaynders of that miserable citie and all the countrey confining would not be brought to giue ouer to hunt the praye whiche they founde so sweete but in their insolencies neyther respecting their Capteines with obedience nor for bearing ciuill tumult and mutinies amongest them selues they demaunded new payes But from the ende of the yere going before and much more in the beginning of the yere following the industrie and solicitations of the peace began to appeare vayne and by that reason the mindes of Princes and states beganne to be so muche more incensed and kindled by how much lesse they saw themselues excluded from the hope of peace For as all the difficulties were almost resolued seing themprour refused not to render to Frauncis Sforce the Duchie of Millan and to compounde with the Venetians the Florentins and the other confederates So this rested onely in question which of these two things should be put first in execution eyther the withdrawing of the French armie out of Italy or the restitution of the kinges children The king would not be bound to reuoke his armie out of Italy if first he recouered not his children offring to put ostages into the handes of the king of England to assure the obseruation of the penalties wherein he was bounde if vpon the refirming of his children he retyred not presently his armie But themprour made instance to the contrarie offring the same cawtions into the king of Englands hands Wherein the question and disputation running in whether of them it would bee more comely or honest to trust the other themprour sayde it was not reasonable to reapose confidence in him who had once deceyued him To the which the French Embassadours aunswered that by how muche more he pretended to be deceiued by their king by so much lesse could their king reapose confidence in him They alleaged also that themprours offer to consigne into the hands of the king of England the same assurances which their king offred was neyther equall nor indifferent for that both the case varyed in this that the thing which themprour promised to do was of farre greater consequence then thobligation of their king and therefore not reasonable to be assured vnder the same cawtions And also they added that the English Embassadours who had authoritie to binde their king to obserue what so euer the French king should promise had no commission to tye him to thobseruation of themprours promises And that their faculties authoritie being limited and restrayned to tearme and time they could neither exceed nor anticipate Vpon which disputation could soart no resolution for that themprour had not the same inclination to the peace which his Counsell had the rather for that he enterteined himselfe with this opinion that though by warre he should lose the kingdome of Naples yet he should be apt to recouer it by rendring the children of Fraunce yea the great Chauncellour who long time before was returned into Spayne was touched muche by imputation to haue troubled greatly the solicitations of the peace with cauillations and interpretations sophisticall At last thembassadours of Englande and Fraunce following their commissions in case they dispayred of thaccorde determined to demaund leaue of themprour to depart and immediatly afterwards to denounce warre agaynst him And with that conclusion being brought to his presence the xxj of Ianuary his Court being then at Burgos and beeing folowed with thembassadours of Venice of the Duke of Millan and Florence Thenglishe Embassadours demaunded of him the foure hundred and fiftie thousande duckets which their king had lent to him and sixe hundred thousande for the penaltie imposed vpon him in that he had refused his daughter together with fiue hundred thousande for the pensions of the French king and for other causes Whiche demaundes being proponed for greater iustification all thembassadours of the confederates asked leaue to depart away But he tolde them he woulde take aduise of his counsell before he would aunswere that demaunde beeing in deede necessarie affore they departed that his Embassadours were in places of suretie Thembassadours were no sooner departed his presence then the Heraldes of Englande and Fraunce entred to denounce warre agaynst him whiche he accepted with a greate showe of gladnes and brauerie And in that humor he gaue present direction that thembassadours of Fraunce Venice and Florence should be conueyed to a towne fifteene leagues from the Court where beeing garded with archiers and halberdiers they were forbidden eyther to communicate or to write anye thing what so euer Touching the duke of Myllans Embassadour he imposed vpon him a commaundement as vpon his subiect that he should not departe from his Court Onely on the behalfe of the Embassadour of Englande there was nothing innouated Thus all the negociations and hopes of peace being broken there remayned only inflamed and kindled the cogitatious and thoughts of the warre which as it declared it selfe in manyfest preparation through all the regions of Italy So to reduce to action and beginning the thing that as yet was but in apparance show Monsr Lavvtrech pushed on by the king but muche more by the king of Englande since the hope of peace began to diminishe was departed from Bolognia the nynth of Ianuary to marche to the kingdome of Naples by the way of Romagnia and la Marqua This way after long consultation was chosen by him contrary to thinstance of the Pope who desyred vnder thoccasion of his marching to restore into Sienna Fabio Petruccio and Montenono That election of the way was also agaynst the instance of the Florentins who to th end to haue that army more ready to succour them in case thimperialls marched to inuade Tuskane desired them to take the way of Tuskane But Monsr Lavvtrech chose rather to make his entry into the realme of Naples by the way of Tronto both for the commoditie of that way to leade the artilleries and also for the fertilitie of the countrey yeelding plenty of vittels and lastly because he would not
with wordes and reasons reteined their resolucion to goe awaie and passed by Coma except two thowsand who remained with Antho. de Leua to whom in those daies Moraro was rendred And it was not dowted that if the Launceknightes had continued before Loda a few daies more they had honorably caried the towne both by their vertue and want of vittells in the towne In which expedicion many desired a readines in the Duke of Vrbyn to th ende that whilest they laie about Loda he might draw neare Crema or Pisquaiton or at least kepe menteined there some cornetts of horsemen to vexe them And albeit whilest they were vpon the confins of Bressia he did sometimes both accoast them and molest them yet neuer comming so neare them as three miles and standing onely vpon defending of the estate of the Venetyans he passed no further then the riuer of Eglia Neither was Monsr saint Pol for his parte more diligent to aduaunce and come on who notwithstanding all the resolucions sette downe and confirmed by so many promises made by the king to send on his behalfe bandes of soldiers against the Launceknightes ariued not in Piedmont but at such time as the Launceknightes departed and yet his armie conteined farre fewer nomber then had bene promised and published Neuerthelesse the confederates forbeare not for all this to solicite of newe the Pope to declare himselfe for them wherein they required him that proceeding against themperour with armes spirituall he would also depriue him of the Empire and the realme of Naples But he stoode vpon these excuses that if he should declare for them he could then be no more a conuenient meane to practise solicite peace ▪ That his declaracion would sturre vp a greater combustion amongest the princes of Christendome and yet bringe no profit to the confederats for that his pouertie and weaknes would alwaies impugne the good they exspected in him That the priuacion of the emprour for Naples and the empire would sette all Germanie in an vprore both for suspicion that he would appropriate to himselfe thauthoritie to elect themperour for ielowsie that he would establish that election in the person of the french king Lastly he reduced to their memories the imminēt daunger of the Lutherans which went on encreasing by the diuision of the time Neuerthelesse not being hable in reason and comlynes to resist thimportunities that were vrged to him he promised to enter with them so farforth as the Venetians would restore to him Rauenna which condicion he proponed as impossible to be graunted and confirmed this offer with his promise and obligation not to molest thestate of Florence vpon which occasion thembassadors of England came to Venice the xx of Iune to solicite the Senat to render Rauenna protesting for the Pope to assure the obseruacion of his promises But being not liable to induce the Senat they went away ill contented In this time the Pope recouered the citie of Rymyny which Iohn Sassatello hauing before assaied in vaine to recouer was at last yeelded vp vppon condicion of life and goods saued But now by the operacion of the time and course of euentes and affaires began to be laied open and disclosed the Popes most deepe and secret thoughtes such as he had before dissembled with great art For where before he had firmely imprinted in his minde a desire to restore to his house the greatnes which aunciently it had had in Florence he was driuen in publishing by singular cunning the contrarie to perswade the Florentyns that much lesse that he had any such thought seeing all that he desired of that common wealth was that they would according to thexample of other Christian princes acknowledge him for Pope and that in causes particular they would forbeare to persecute such as depended vpon him or deface or reuerse the armes and ornamentes proper to his house To these endes and with such commissions he sent to Florence as his embassador when he was deliuered a Florentyn prelat And for that thestate of Florence would not giue him audience he forgat not the better to cloake his dissimulacion to recontinue a new instance by the solicitacion of the french king that they would send to him an embassador seeking by these simplicities offers to haue them familiar with him to draw them with more facilitie into the ambushes he had dressed against them But when he sawe these deuises and labors soart to none effect he began to perswade Monsr Lavvtrech that where as such as gouerned thestate of Siena were dependants and deuote to themperour it were conuenient for the better course of his affaires there to referre to that gouernment Fabio Petruccio Neuerthelesse albeit Lavvtrech saw reason and conueniency in the deuise yet in regard of the contradiction of the Florentyns he forbeare either to follow it or to effect it And when the Pope sawe he could worke none of these to his driftes and hauing no inclinacion to dissolue or leaue of the practise which his ambiciō kept enterteined in him he wrought secretly in such sort that Pirrhus di Castello vnder pretence that thinhabitants of Siena had done him wrong made him selfe Lorde of Chiusa with a strength of eight hundred footemen ▪ and by the good diligence office of certeine exiles of that towne The Popes reason to raise this man to the iurisdiction of Chiusa was to make him an instrument vnder that oportunitie to trauell and trouble the gouernment of Siena But the Florentyns discerning depelie into the Popes driftes complained to the Vicont of Loraine embassador to the french king that the doinges of the Pope tended to no other ende then with the commoditie of Siena to trouble and disorder the affaires of Florence In which regard thembassador procured of the Pope that the action of Chiusa should cesse In this meane while the affaires of the kingdom of Naples proceeded diuersely for that on the one side the Count of Burello was passed from Sicile into Calabria with a thowsand footemen where he ioined himselfe with the residue And on the other side Symon Roman had raunged to discression with the fauor of mines and trenches the Castell of Cosenso though by a wounde he receiued of a harquebuze in the shoulder the course of the victorie was somewhat hindred he ioined his forces afterwardes with the Duke of Somma who with the bandes of footemen of the contrey held besieged Catanzara a towne strong by fortificacion but weake by the want of vittells In this towne was the sonne in law of Alarson with two hundred horsmen and a thowsand footemen And as in taking this towne they stoode in good degree to commaund the whole contrey euen vp to high Calabria so neuerthelesse necessitie constrained them to turne against the forces vnited with the succours that were come from Sicile who had now made some aduauncing But Symon being abandoned of one parte of his footemen leaiued of the contrey was driuen for his
sauetie to retire within the castell of Cosensa and the other parte of his footebands not without the slaughter of many of them disparsed and went away The Corsegnans went wandring towardes the army in so much as not only the region of Calabria was left in daunger but also it was feared least the victors would aduaunce addresse their forces to Naples On the contrary the affaires of the frenchmen drewe good successe and issue in Abruzza by this accident as the bishop Colonno was approched within xij miles of Aquila to sturre vp Abruzzâ— to commotion he was ouerthrowen and slaine by the Abbot of Farfa with whom were put to the sworde iiij hundred bodies of soldiours and eight hundred taken prisoners In the confins of Caietta the Spaniardes went wandring and retiring being caried with feare for the ariuall of the prince of Melffe And the garrison of Manfredonia through the slender vallour and action of the Venetyan bandes committed many domages without perill or resistance Like as the Pope perseuered still in his resolucion to declare himselfe for neither partie So the french king espying the intelligences and practises which he enterteined began to hold him for suspected And to themprour he was nothing aggreable though for no other cause yet for that he had sent as Legat into England Cardinall Campeius to debate there the controuersie delegated to him and to the Cardinall of Yorke for where the king of England solicited vehemently to haue published the inualiditie of the first mariage The Pope hauing delt verie liberally in wordes and promises with his Agents and also being of litle fidelitie or credit with other princes laboured to kepe himselfe vnder his protection he made at last secretly a Bull decretall by the which he pronounced the mariage to be of no force and gaue the Bull to the Cardinall Campeius he charged him withall that in showing it to the king and the Cardinall of Yorke he should tell them that he had commission to publish it if in iudgement the knowledge and informacion of the cause succeded not wel wherein it seamed the Pope wrought vpon this ground That both they should be brought with more facilitie to consent to haue the cause iudicially debated and also indure with better temperance of minde the delaies and longenes of the iudgement Which he had inioined his Legat to holde of and prolonge to as long a tract of time as he could And as he should not deliuer the Bull vntil he had receiued new commission from him so neuerthelesse he should labour to perswade the king by all the meanes he could that his intention was to deliuer it vp to his handes in the ende of this embassage in the person of that man of the delegation of the cause themprours embassadors that were within Rome complained not a litle though with lesse authoritie for the ill termes of his affaires in the kingdom of Naples About Naples many were the difficulties happening vpon both the one other partie but such as in all discoursse of reason made more apparant on the french side the hope of the victorie though it was hindred by the vertue and obstinacie of the ennemies Within the towne of Naples the wantes of vittells grew daily to extremities especially of wine and flesh a calamitie without his comfort for that no prouision could enter the towne by sea for the impediments of the Venetian gallies being after so longe exspectation ariued nowe the x. of Iune in the goulffe of Naples to the nomber of xxij And albeit the horsmen of the towne made daily sallies out not towardes the face of the armie but to those quarters of the contrey where they thought to find vittells by whose industry some praies of flesh were alwaies brought in and the whole estate of the towne somwhat releued and refreshed yet these prouisions and comforts brought in by these aduentures were not such as being depriued of the commoditie of the sea they might suffice to nourishe and enterteine them longe Besides they began to grow short in money the stroake of the plage afflicted them much and they had much to doe to kepe enterteined the Launceknightes whome they coulde no longer abuse with vaine hopes and promises In which discontentment many of them went by troupes to the french armie notwithstanding the authoritie and grace which the prince of Orenge who by the death of Don Hugo commaunded in the place of Viceroy had with them was of some force to reteine them who the better to frame their mindes with authoritie discipline which he coulde not raunge by lenitie and easynes he made prisoner captaine Cattay a Gascon with many of his soldiours beinge of the remeindars of the regiments of the Duke of Boâ—rbon And afterwardes he did the like by suspicion to Fabricio Maramo whom notwithstanding he sette at libertie presently On the other side diseases encreased daily in the french campe the same beinge the cause that Lavvtrech to th ende not to haue so great a space or circuit to garde would not suffer to be perfected the last trenches which neuerthelesse coulde not easely be finished for the impediment of certeine waters Besides the campe suffred want of vittells and nourriture though more for the ill order and gouernment that was vsed then through any other occasion â–ª Neuerthelesse Monsr Lavvtrech obseruing his owne rule and councell hoped more in the necessities that were within Naples then he feared or douted his proper difficulties and perswading himselfe of thexpedicion of the victorie either for that cause or for their want of money he forbare to make any newe leauies of footemen a matter which the whole armie desired for the vniuersall diminucion which was made by death and diseases not onely of personnes meane and base but euen of such as satte in places of authoritie as the Popes Nuncio and Loys Pisano commissarie of the Venetians who died in the face of the towne the xv daie He hoped also to allure to the campe either all or the most parte of those bandes of Launceknightes that were within Naples a practise wherein the Marquis of Salâ—sfa first and afterwardes himselfe had reaposed of longe time greate confidence in vaine So that vpon these groundes together with certeine hopes that were giuen him to draw to the armie certeine light horsmen that were within Naples he forbare to make any newe leauies of light horsmen such as had bene most necessarie for the seruice of whom if he had waged but foure hundred he had stopped in good time the hurtfull incursions which the soldiours of the towne made so often to his disaduauntage And yet in those actions of praie and bootie he was not without his felicitie for that as the horsmen of Naples returned one daie with a riche spoile of cattell they were encountred by the blacke bandes who as they were th 〈…〉 inewes and strength of the armie â–ª so without them there had bene no seege planted before the
alleaged the contract appeared not by writing notwithstanding the Pope mainteyned a further obligation So that he solicited to enter into the paye of the French and Florentins complayning bitterly of certaine intelligences and practises enterteyned against him by the Cardinall of Cortono and of a letter which he had surprised written by the Cardinall Medicis to Braccio Baillon But the Pope seeking indirectly to stoppe the effect of his deuice forbad by Edicts publike that none of his subiectes without his leaue shoulde take the payes of other Princes vpon paine of confiscation Neuerthelesse Malatesta forbare not for that to prosecute his deuise The Frenchmen bounde them to indue him with a charge of two hundred horsemen two thowsand crownes pension the order of Saint Michael and in time of warre with two thowsand footemen And the Florentines gaue him the title of Gouernor two thousand crownes pension a thousand footmen in time of warre fiftie horsemen for his sonne and fiftie for the sonne of Horatio with fiue hundred crownes for the paye of them both They tooke vpon them the protection of his estate and of Perousa and aswel the French King as they made him one ioynt allowance in time of peace of an hundred crownes the moneth to enterteyne ten Captaines And the Florentines a part made him a paie for two hundred footmen for the garde of Perousa and for his part he was onely bounde to this to goe to their seruice with a thousande footemen when their affaires required yea though he shoulde not haue the bandes promised from the Frenche King Of this dealing the Pope complayned highlye to the Frenche King as a matter done directlye to let him for disposing according to his will of a Citie whiche was vassall and subiect to the Churche the same making the King who bare no mynd to kindle the Pope to deferre the action of ratification and for the same cause the Pope hoping to be able to alter or retyre Malatesta perswaded him to continue out his yeare and at the same time he enterteyned secretly Braccio Baillon Sero Colonno and the exiles of Perousa who hauing assembled and mustered bands of souldiers lay incamped at Norcio But all these practises together with all offers and oblacions serued to no purpose for that Malatesta was resolutely fixed to continue no longer in the Popes paye and as the Florentins ministred ayde to him openly so he feared so much the lesse those stirres or emocions by howe much they ceassed foorthwith the Pope finding they were vnperfect and insufficient to leade on his hopes to their effectes Besides the Pope would not suffer the Duke of Ferrara to dwelin rest and he was so farre of from obseruing the couenants made with the Duke in the name of the Colledge of Cardinals that the byshoprike of Modena being newly fallen into vacacion by the death of Cardinall Gonzaguo an estate promised to the Dukes sonne by the sayde couenants he bestowed it by his authoritie vpon Ierom Moron seeking vnder colour of refusing the possession occasion to prouoke against him suche a personage and minister bearing great authoritie in the Emperours armie He enterteyned also a practise with Ierom Pio to occupie Reggia and that by the meane and operacion of Hubert de Gambaro gouernour of Bolognia But when the Duke was informed of the state of the practise and how farre it extended he passed Pio to such propertie of punishment as his offence deserued He layde plotts also to surprise Rauenna which likewise sorted to none effect And about this time inclining dayly by apparant degrees to the Emperours part and being also well aduaunced in the solicitation of things he sent vnto him the Byshop of Vasono his stewarde he called backe the cause of diuorce of the King of Englande which he had done long time before had not the regarde of the Bull which was already in Englande in the hands of his Legat Campeius reteyned him For as the good fortunes of the Emperour encreased in Italie so he sought not onely not to offende him further but also to reuoke the offence he had done him alreadie being in deede determined before he was sicke to reuoke the cause In which action he sent Frauncis Compagnio into Englande to the Cardinall Campeius dissembling to the King that he was sent for other matters including notwithstanding matter apparteyning to that cause where in deede he brought commission to Campcius to burne the Bull And albeit Campeius for a maladie the Pope was fallen into deferred for a time the execution of that commission yet when he knewe he was recured he perfourmed the thyng he was commaunded So that the Pope being thus deliuered of that feare reuoked the cause though not without great indignation of that King especiallie when he required the Bull of the Legate and vnderstoode by him the vnworthie accident of it These matters made both more seuere and more readie the ruine and fall of the Cardinall of Yorke whose authoritie the King supposed to be so great and gracious with the Pope that if his mariage with the Lady Anne had bene agreeable to him he might haue obteyned of the Pope what dispensation he had woulde By whiche occasion opening his eares to the enuie and mallice of his aduersaries he grewe kindled against him euen to the taking from him his goodes and treasure of a wonderful value and in his indignation leauing him a smal part of the reuenues of his benefices he restrayned him to his Byshoprike with a slender traine of seruants And so not long after eyther by a surprise of letters which he wrote to the French King or for some other propertie of malice of his enemies who gathering by the Kings speches that he was not without inclinacion towardes him and therefore feared least he woulde rise againe into his auncient authoritie he was conuented to appeare in counsell to speake for him selfe in matters to be obiected against him For whiche cause as he was brought towards the Court as prisoner he was suddenly taken with a fluxe engendred either of the humour of disdaine or of the passion of feare of which he dyed the seconde day after he was apprehended with the maladie an example in our dayes worthie of memorie touching the power whiche fortune and enuie hath in the Courts of Princes About this time fell out in Florence to the greate preiudice of the gouernment that then was a newe chalenge against Nicholas Cappony Gonfalonier it happened almost vpon the end of the second yeare of his magistracie and was incensed principallie by the enuie of some of the chiefe citisens who tooke occasion of the vaine suspicions and fond ignorancies of the commons Nicho. Cappony during all the time of his magistracie hath had these two principall obiectes the one to defend him selfe against the freshe enuie of those that had bene honored of the house of Medicis suffring the principals amongst them to communicat with the other Citisens in the honors and
but for the regarde of the iurisdiction direct which they had of any one without extending any further And that all protections taken in other forme should be interpreted voyde and derogate within one moneth That to make this amitie and coniunction more firme and stable they were to confirme it with the straite knots of parentage ThEmprour promising to giue for wife Margarit his bastard daughter with a dowrye of twenty thowsand duckats of yearely reuenue to Alexander Medicis sonne to Lavvrence late Duke of Vrbyn vppon whose person the Pope determined to conuert and bestowe the temporall greatnes of his house hauing at such tyme as he was in daunger of death created Cardinall Hipolito sonne of Iulian They contracted at the same tyme in articles seperat That the Pope shoulde accord to thEmprour and to his brother to resist the Turke the fourth part of the reuenues of benefices Ecclesiastike in the same manner that his Predecessor Adrian had done That the Pope should giue absolucion to all those who within Rome and other places had offended against the sea Apostolike and to all such as had ministred any proppertie of ayde councell or fauor or that any way participated or secretly approued or expresly allowed or directly had consented to the actions that had beene done That where the Emprour had not published the Croissade graunted by the Pope which was lesse ample then others that had bene beforetimes graunted That the Pope the first beeing reuoked shoulde passe an other of more full and ample forme according to the skoape of those that had bene graunted by the late Popes Iulio and Leo. Before this accorde was passed and after all the difficulties were resolued aduertisement came to thEmprour of the ouerthrowe of Monsr Saint Pol In regarde of which successe so honorable for the reputacion of his armies there and no lesse profitable for the generall estate of his affayres albeit it was doubted that to help his condicions he would haue chaunged some braunch or article of matters agreed vppon yet he confirmed them all both in substance and circumstance and with a singuler readines ratified them the same daye which was the xxix of Iune accomplishing with solemne othe before the high alter of the cathedrall Church of Barselona But the negociacions of peace betwene thEmprour and the French king were not pursued with lesse deuocion and diligence And the better to aduaunce them to some good successe yssue after the cōmissions on all sides were comen the towne of Cambray was indifferently appoynted for the assemblie and meeting A place fatal for so great conclusions and where were to conferre together the Lady Margaret of Austria and the Lady Regent mother to the French king The French king labored with all his meanes and diligence though he ment not in him selfe to performe it which also he confirmed by promisses to the confederat Embassadors of Italy hauing therein the consent priuitie of the king of England not to make any accord with thEmprour without the consent satisfaction of the confederats for he feared lest they entring into a ielousie suspicion of his will would not preuent him be the first that would compownd with the Emprour and by that meane to leaue him excluded out of the amitie of both sides In which respect he sought to perswade them not to hope in the peace but rather to keepe their thoughts disposed turned to the prouisiōs of the warre wherein to establish some good order forme of proceeding not ceassing to solicit continually he had sent into Italy the Bishop of Tarby with commission to goe to the states of Venice the Dukes of Millan Ferrara Florence both to solicit prouisions apperteyning to the warre and to promisse that if the Emperour passed into Italy he woulde also discend at the same tyme with a mightie armye so farre forthe as the other confederats woulde contribute for their parte touching the preparacions needefull Neuerthelesse the negociacions of accord continued more and more Insomuch as the seuenth day of Iuly both the Ladies made their entries into Cambray by seuerall gates with a great pompe And being lodged in two houses adioyning hauing an entrye the one within the other they spake together the same day and gaue order to their agents to treate of the articles Wherein because the kinge woulde be neare at hand to resolue all difficulties occurring he was gone vp to Compiequo to whome the Venetians hauing feare of the yssue of that coniunction had made many large and great offers And for the more absolute negociacion of this peace there were sent to Cambray as interposers in the action the Bishop of London and the Duke of Suffolke Embassadors for the king of England with whose consent and participacion that assembly was made The Pope sent thether the Archbishop of Capua There was also a presence of Embassadors from all the confederats To whome the French men made relacion of things farre otherwise then was the truth of that that was debated Wherein the king eyther reteyned so great an impietie or els had so simple and sole a thought of his interest perticular which consisted wholly in the recouerie of his children That where the Florentyns made greate instance to him that according to thexample of king Levvys his father in lawe and his predecessor in the yeare a thowsand fiue hundred and twelue he woulde consent that they might accorde with thEmprour for their sauetie he refused it vnder this promise that he would neuer make any accord without comprehending them in it Assuring them also that he was most ready to follow the warre and promised no lesse to all the others euen in the greatest heate of solicitacion for peace About the xxiij of Iuly came aduertisement of the capitulacions made betweene the Pope and thEmprour at what tyme albeit the present negociacion was well aduaunced yet it was so troubled and hindred for some difficulties touching certeine townes of Franche Counte that the Lady Regent gaue order to prepare to depart Neuerthelesse by the working of the Popes Legat principally by the operacion and good office of thArchbishop of Capua the conclusion was established the French king not leauing to promise to the confederats the same things he had offred before At last being the fift daye of August the peace was solemnly published in the great Church of Cambray whereof the first article conteyned That the kings sonnes should be redeliuered so farre forth as their father payed to thEmprour for their raunsome twelue hundred thowsande crownes in ready money and to the king of England for him two hundred thowsand That the king should render to the Emprour within six weekes after the ratificacion all that he possessed in the Duchie of Myllan That he should leaue vnto him Ast with resignacion of the rights apperteyning That he should leaue assoone as he could Barletto with all those peeces which he helde in the Realme of Naples That he should
dead and wounded of them within the towne an hundred and thirtie persons of the souldiors without more then two hundred bodies amongst whom was Capteine Baragnino a Spaniard Amidde these enterchaunges of skirmishes and factions of warre the Florentines forbare not to hope continually for some succours from the Frenche king who accordingly fayled not to enterteyne their hope wyth promise of a sufficient reskewe when so euer he had recouered hys children Wherein the better to assure and confirme them he gaue assignation to the Florentin Marchuntes for twentie thowsande ducketts due to them long tyme before which summe beeing lente by them to the Citie was brought to Pisa by Levvis Alaman but by suche parcelles and dribletts that it dyd little comforte the warre Moreouer Iohn Pavvle de Cere whome the Florentins had taken into their paye for the garde of that Citie came awaye to Pisa But by the conquering of Voltero was bredde to the Florentins a domage of farre greater importance for that where Feruccio both contrary to the commission giuen to him and also because he woulde goe the stronger to the action of Voltero and hauing withall to secure a confidēce in the fortres of Empoly had left for the defence of it so small a garrison that thimperials vsing thoccasion that was offred went to incampe about it vnder the conduit and leading of the Marquis of Guast And as for the weaknes of the defendantes and garrison they tooke it without any resistance and with many harmes put it to sacke So in the losse of that was brought to the Florentins more matter of affliction then in anye other thing during the warre for that hauing determined to assemble in that place newe companies and regimentes they hoped by the oportunitie of the situation which importeth muche both to reduce into distresse and difficulties the armie that lay on that side of Arno and also to open the commoditie and waye for vittells to passe to that Citie which began already to feele the want of norriture and comfort To this also was added a newe occasion to depriue them more of the hopes they had conceyued for after the French king had deliuered ouer his money which he was to paye to themprour and retyred his children which was in the beginning of Iune In place of so many aydes succours which by his promises he had reserued till that time he sent into Italy at the instance of the Pope who to haue wholly at his deuotion the kinges Agents created Cardinall the Bishop of Tarby Embassadour resident in his Court one Peter Frauncis Pontriemoly a man of great confidence with him to insinuate some motions and practise of accorde with the Florentins who by that manner of dealing discerned no further hope to be succoured by the king Wherein they beleued the more by this inducement that both he and the king of Englande ioyning together did all that they could so to allure and gouerne the Pope as they might hope to seperate him from the Emprour And in that regarde the Frenche king laboured to haue some participation and interest to reduce and conuerte the Florentins to the Popes amitie After the Marquis of Guast had taken Empoly he went with the bands of souldiours whom he ledde to ioyne with Maramus in the suburbes of Voltero where hauing in one strength almoste six thowsande footemen they began to batter the towne and when they sawe they had brought to the earth more then fortie faddomes of wall they followed th execution of thartilleries with three furious assaultes but with worse effect then their vallour deserued since in the action they lost more then foure hundred men They made afterwardes a newe batterye and with certayne chosen bands of Spaniardes and Italians consoarted together they gaue an other very braue and resolute assault but with greater domage harmes then the former assaultes in which regarde the campe brake vp rather with great prayse then good effecte of their doinges The same moarning about an howre before day Stephen Colonno issuing out of the gate of Faenza and Malatesta by the posterne that leadeth to Prato went to giue the Camisado with three thowsande footemen to the launceknightes that were lodged in the Monastery of Saint Donat where they had fortified themselues Stephen passed the trenches and slew many of them But the alarme being giuen to the residue they put themselues in order with resolution to defend their place to the last man So that after Stephen had receyued a light hurt in the mouth he retyred for feare of greater reskewes complayning muche that Malatesta had not followed him But in Florence were entred no nature of vittells nor norriture from anye parte albeit their wantes of comfortes went on encreasing dayly yet so resolute were they to defende their lybertie that there could be discerned no diminution of that constancie and fidelitie that at first armed them to so holy an action And where Feruccio was gone from Voltero to Pisa and laboured by his authoritie and industrie to assemble as great a strength as he coulde all the hopes of the Florentins were reduced to his comming for they had signifyed to hym to aduaunce and come on and not to forbeare for anye waye or other daunger to ioyne hymselfe to the defence of the Citie beeing resolued to giue battell to thennemies assoone as he had ioyned his forces with the mayne armie that was within Florence Of whiche deuise the successe and issue was not so good and happie as was greate and manyfest the rashnes of the resolution if I maye tearme those counsels rashe whiche are drawne or deryued from a laste necessitie for in this rested the errour of that counsell that they were to passe thorowe the countreys of thennemies suche as were occupyed and commaunded by a verye strong armie though dispersed into manye seuerall places The Prince of Orenge who had aduertisement of this deuise thought to goe before wyth one parte of the armie whereof he made his greatest assemblie of the Italian footemen And Malatesta Baillon with whom he had many secrete and strayte intelligences hauing happlye assured him in secrete that the Florentins suspected least in hys absence he woulde assayle the armie wente out to meete hym And fynding him neare to Ciuiniano in the mountayne of Pistoya a waye whiche he tooke passing from Pisa towardes Lucquaye in regarde of confidence reapposed in the Chauncellours faction well affected to the popular gouernment he gaue hym the skirmishe with a verye small companie of men At the firste shocke the Prince whose rashnesse was greater then his conduite and in whome was lesse the humor of counsell and discression then apperteyned to the place he managed was slayne doing rather the office of a priuate souldiour then of a Capteyne or commaunder Neuerthelesse his souldiours gotte the victorie and made prisoners together with manye others Iohn Pavvle de Cere and Feruccio whome Maramus slewe beeing prisoner in
or confederacion could doe him hurt seeing that aswell for the obligacions it conteyned as for the obseruancie and execucions of the same many difficulties might happen and sundry impediments arise Thus the solicitacions and practises begon were continued betwene them And as the French king was desirous in regard of his honor and for ambicion more then for other needefull matter that the person of the Pope might come to Nyce so to allure him the more he promised not to require of him any confederacion nor to incense him to warre and much lesse to drawe him from tearmes of iustice in the cause of the king of England nor to importune him to create newe Cardinalls Neuerthelesse he was somewhat pushed on by the incitacion of the king of England who had now solemnly maried the Ladye Anne Bolleyne by whome hauing by due order of time procreated a Daughter he had to the preiudice of the Daughter of his first wife declared her Princesse of the Realme of England A title which is transferred to suche as are moste nearest the Crowne By reason of which action the Pope not hable to dissemble so great a contempt against the sea Apostolike nor refuse to graunt iustice to thEmprour had with the vowes and iustificacions of the Consistorie published that king guiltie of the cryme of contempt A matter which moued the king of England to desire with more importunitie both the parentage and enteruiewe of the Pope with the French kinge hoping muche in that kinge to remedye his cause and that if the Pope were induced to common vppon new matters against thEmprour he woulde desire to restore him and to drawe him to their coniunction and so almoste to constitute a triumuirate to giue lawes to the thinges of Italy At laste his going was concluded but not to Nyce for some difficultie interposed by the Duke of Sauoy touching the consigning of the Castel to the Pope hauing in likelyhood no inclination to displease the Emperour But the place was chaunged to Marseilles greatly to the pleasing and appetite of the French king who interpreted it not a little to his honour to reduce the enteruiew into his kingdome Neyther was it discontenting to the Pope as one that desired to satisfie him more with demonstrations to please his ambition then with effects according to true meaning The Pope caused to be published a brute that he went to this enteruiew principally to solicite an vniuersall peace secondly to perswade an enterprise agaynst the Infidells thirdly to reduce and call backe to good wayes the king of Englande and lastely and onely for common and generall interests and to establish some good fourme in the vniuersall affayres But beeing in deede not hable to dissemble the true cause of his iourney before he departed he sent his Neece to Nice vpon the gallies which the French king sent to him accompanied with the duke of Albania vncle to the young Lady Which gallies after they had deliuered the Lady to Nice returned to the port Pisan and tooke in the fourth of October the person of the Pope with a trayne of many Cardinalls whom with a happy nauigation they brought in few dayes to Marseilles There he made his solemne entry and after him entred the French king who had visited him before by night They were lodged in one Pallace and exercised reciprocally one vpon an other right great offices and demonstrations of amitie And the king who especially laboured to insinuate into his fauour and to winne him besought him to sende for his Neece to come to Marseilles which beeing perfourmed with a willing readines in the Pope who forbare to preuent the king in that motion to shewe that he would first debate of the common affayres so soone as the Lady was come the contractes wente on which were immediatly confirmed and made perfect by the consommation of the mariage to the incredible gladnes of the Pope Who albeit with such art solicited his affayres with the king that the king reapposed a wonderfull confidence in his wordes and honored him with a singular affection yet both contrary to thopinion of all men and especially agaynst thexspectation of themprour no article or capitulation was passed betweene them Onely the Pope shewed him selfe alwayes well inclined and desirous that the state of Millan might be conuerted to the Duke of Orleance husbande to his Neece A matter also vehemently thirsted after by the king for a hatred despite he bare to the Emprour and his greatnes fortunes But much more for that the duke of Orleance hauing to his share an estate of that apparance greatnes he thought that therby would be quenched the occasiōs of contentions betwene his children after his death ▪ which otherwise he feared might fall amongest them for the title of the Duchie of Britaine ▪ An estate which the king in the yere before contrarie to the couenauntes made by king Levvis with those people had annexed and vnited to the Crowne of Fraunce wherevnto he induced the subiects of that state to consent more by his kingly authoritie then of their proper inclination and will. Moreouer in this enteruiew muche lesse that the king coulde obteyne any fauour of the Pope in the cause of the king of Englande seeing beeing discontented with the inciuilities of the Agentes of that king whom he founde in the Popes chamber protesting and appealing from him to the Councell he tolde the Pope that it should nothing offende him if he pursued that king and his cause according to the rule of iustice yea he was so moderate in his demaundes and dealings that in nothing did he offende the minde of the Pope sauing that more to satisfie others of his Court and counsell then to content himselfe he solicited him to create three Cardinalls A matter not a little discontenting to the Pope not so muche for thinstance whiche themperours Embassadour made to the contrarie as for that he interpreted it to an action of great consequence both for thelection of other Popes hereafter and for the disobediences whiche might happen in hys lyfe and after to adde so many Cardinalls to the French nation beeing at that time sixe in number Neuerthelesse to preuent a greater euill with satisfying the lesser he accomplished the kings demaunde making to be concurrante in the action of that creation a brother of the Duke of Albanie to whome he had before promised the Cardinalls Cappe In all other regardes they seemed to stande firme and assured in all sortes of fidelitie and satisfaction and in that good estate of inclination and amitie the Frenche king was not curious to communicate with him many of his counsells and especially his determination to stirre vp agaynst themprour certayne Princes of Germany and chiefly the Lantgraue van Hesse and the Duke of VVittemberg who the sommer following drewe into commotion And so wyth these actions and demonstrations of amitie and office after they had passed a moneth at Marseilles the Pope returned
Cardinall of Amboyse aspireth to the Popedome Frauncis Piccolomini made pope The Vrsins against Valentynois Valentynois distressed by the Vrsins Pope Pius the thirde dieth Cardinall S. Petri Ad vincla made Pope The Pope â—oÌ„plaineth to the Venetâ—ans The VenetiaÌ„s ansvvere to the nevve Pope Faenza taken by the Venetians Duke Valentynois arested by the Pope 〈…〉 beyonde the Mounts A truce betvveene the kinges of Spayne and Fraunce VVhat hapned to the French men as they vvould haue passed Garillon Bart. Aluiano commeth to the 〈…〉 of Consaluo Peter de Medicis d 〈…〉 Peace betvveene the Turke â—â— the Venetians Discourse vpoÌ„ the nauigations of the Spaniards Complaints of the Frenchemen Consaluo deserueth the title of great captayne Valentynois prisoner by Consaluo Truce betvveene the kinges of Spayne and Fraunce Confederation betvveene the Pope king of Romains and the â—â—enâ—he king against the Venâ—â—ans The death of king Federike The death of Elizabeth Queene of Spayne Testament of Queene Elizabeth The Florentins broken by the Pisans Death of Cardinall Arkanius Consaluo aydeth the Florentins The Florentins debate vvhether they should besege Pisa The Florentins armie afore Pisa Peace betvvene the French king and king of Spayne An horrible act of a Cardinall Sedes of nevv vvarres Dissimulation very daungerous in the persons of great men King Philip saileth out of Flaunders into Spayne King Phillip caste by casualtie of sea vpon the cpasts of Englande Philip promiseth to redeliuer to king H. the duke of Suffolke Capitulations betvvene Ferdinand Philâ—p The conditioÌ„ of imperie dignitie ielous Imaginations of the French king The Pope deuiseth to vvin agayne Bolognia Malice is infinite in her actions The Pope vvill go in person to the enterprise of Bolognia The great capteine consirmed in the duchy of S. Ange. The death of king Phillip A coÌ„tinuance of the historie of Iulio d'Este The death of duke Valentynois The citie of Genes rebelleth Rebellion increaseth in occasions The seate of dominion very casual vvhere it diuolueth by election Rashnes hath no societie vvith discretion The contentes of the French armie The first defease of the Genovvies The Genovvaies sende to solicite for pardon The rebels of Genes yeelde to the French king The Frenche king entreth as a conquereâ— into Genes The sub 〈…〉 of the rebels of Genes The Pope and the Venetians incite the k. of Romains to make vvarre vppon the French king The dyet of Constance Themperour speaketh in the dyet The kings of Aragon and Fraunce haue enteruievv together The oration of Ni. Foskarin The oration of Andrevv Gritti Deliberation of the Venetians Aluiano beeing sent to suâ—â—â—r Friul giueth the rout to the Almains Truce betvvene Maximilian and the Venetians Thassâ—â—bly of Cambrâ—â— Deliberation of the Venetians The Pope ratisieth the treatise of Cambray A coÌ„tinuation of the vvarrs of Pisa Contract betvvene the French king king of Spaine and the Florentins The French king prepareth agaynst the Venetians The VenetiaÌ„s looke to them selues The ordenaÌ„ce house of Venice on fire Beginning of the vvarre The Popes Bull agaynst the Venetians The Venetians armie The armies affront one an other and feight not Deâ—ait of the Venetians Aluiano takeÌ„ prisoner The taking of many tovvnes by the french The lamentations made as Venice for the ouerthrovv The Popes souldiours in Romagnia The oration of Anth. Iustinian to Caesar Diuers opinions touching the fall of the Venetians The first hope of the Venetians The last actioÌ„ of the Florentins agaynst the Pisans Pisa rendred to the Florentins The VenetiaÌ„s determine to recouer Padoa The VenetiaÌ„s recouer Padoa The Marquis of Mantua prisoner The oration of Leonard Loredan The gentlemeÌ„ of Venice go to the succors of Padoa Description of Padoa Max returneth into Germany The Venetian armie at Vincensa The Venetian armie vpon the contrey of Ferrara Description of Verona Themâ— and the k. Caâ—h â—a to accord touching the gouernment of Castill Death of the Count Petillano The Venetian absolued The league of Caesar and the French king agaynst the Venetians The Pope threatneth the duke of Ferrara Monsr de Chaumont agaynst the Venetians The Vincentins yeelde to discression 〈…〉 M. Chaumont incampeth as Lungaro Conuencion betwene Caesar and the fr. king The taking of Monselice The Popes deliberation to chasse the french out of Italy The Popes ariuie against Ferrara and Genes The descending of the Swyzzers to the Duchie of Myllan The Venetians recouer most part of their townes after the departing of Chaumont Verâ—na beseged by the Vencuans Marquis of Mantua escapeth out of prison The Pope determineth to assaâ—le Genes Pope Iulio The kings disposition agaynst the Pope The Popes armie and the VenetiaÌ„s vppon the countrey of Ferrara Chaumont besiegeth the Pope vvithin Bolognia Chaumont retyreth from before Bolognia Mirandola beseeged The Pope in person at the campe assâ—re Mirandola Mirandâ—la yeldeth â—â— the Pope A neâ— deliberacion of the french according to the kinges direction Triuulce reasoneth The sr â–ª armie returneth to the Duchie of Myllan The sâ—â—k takes Bolognia into his protection The Pope makes ouerture of a new councell â—â— breake the councell of Pysa Friull taken agayne by the Almains The VenetiaÌ„s recouer Friul The Pope holden for dead The Pope pursueth his enterprise to chase the fr. out of Italie The hopes of the Pope The thoughtâ— of the fr. king Ouerture of the Councell of Pisa Cardinal Medicis vvho aftervvards vvas Pope Leo the tenth The Pope makes league vvith the Venetians the king Catholike 〈…〉 of the league The Pope depriueth the rebell Cardinalâ—s of the hat Pandolffo Po. councelleth the Pope A contencion betwene the Florentyns the Cardinalls rebells An ac 〈…〉 dent 〈…〉 the Card 〈…〉 lls depart 〈…〉 a. 〈…〉 The fr king suspecteth Maxymylian VVhat people the Swyzzers be Vales 〈…〉 Grisons The French king demaundeth succ 〈…〉 of the Florentins Soderin for the Frenche king The enterprise of Bolognia by the Pope and king of Aragon The Popes armie retireth from before Bolognia M. de Foix defeateth Ioh. Pavvle Baillon Bressia taken and sacked The armie of Monsr de Foix. The armie of she Confederats The seate of Rauenna The Confederats as the succours of Rauenna The order of the FrenchmeÌ„ in the battell of Rauenna Mâ—â—Soanâ—â— de 〈…〉 encourageth his souldiours to the battell The confederates army The death of Yues d'Allegre Monsr de Foix slaine The number of the dead Rauenna saâ—â—ed The Cardinals councell the Pope to harkeÌ„ to peace The Svvyzzers rise for the Pope against the frenchmen The Card. of Medicis escapeth from the french The D. of Ferrara goeth to Rome to demaund pardon of the Pope The D. of Ferrara in daunger to be prisoner at Rome The resolutioÌ„ of the treatie of Mantua by the confederates The Medicis returne to Florence Peter Sodeâ—in reasoneth in the Councell Prato taken by the Spaniards The castell of Genes taken by the Genowaies Bressia rendred by the french to the Viceroy Crema rendred to the Venetians The Bishop of Gurcy
at Rome Maxymylian Sforce restored to Myllan ThEnglish men as Fontarabye against the french king The king of Aragon taketh the Realme of Nauarre The purposes of Pope Iulio the second his death Creation of Pope Leo the tenth Coronation of the Pope Disposition of princes to the vvarre Desire of pope Leo to chase the Frenche out of Italy The Fr. men in the duchie of Millan The Pope sendeth money to the Svvizzers 〈…〉 Aluiano 〈…〉 generall â—â— the Venetians Aluiano taketh Pesquiero and other 〈…〉 Genes at the deuotion of the French. Nouaro beseged by the french The wordes of Capteine Motyn to the Svvyzzers The Frenchemen defeated by the Svvizzers The Pâ—pe 〈…〉 Humilitie of two Cardinals Padoa 〈…〉 gâ—d by the Viceroy Ouerthrowe of the Venetians armie Prouisions of the Frenche agaynst the king of Englande Torvvaine besieged by the English. The ouerthrow â—f the French neare 〈…〉 Rising of the Swizzers against the French king Thenglish as mie affore Tournay Tornay taken by thEnglish The Popes sentence touching the controuersies betwene Cesar the VenetiaÌ„s The hopes of the Frenche king Treatie of peace betwene Englande and Fraunce The Fr. king marieth the Lady Mary sister to the king of Englande Actions of the Pope The lantern of Genes rased by the people Emocions against the Venetians and of the Venetians Two ElephaÌ„ts presented to the Pope The death of king Lowys the twelfth 1515. Frauncis the first comes to the crowne The fr. king assumeth the title of duke of Millan Preparacions of the frenche king against the Duke of Millan Octauian Fregosa Duke of Genes â—â—mpoundes with the Frenche king The Swizzers seeke to stoppe the passage of the Frenche men The French armie The king of EnglaÌ„d sends to the frenche king not to passe into Italie The treatie betwene the king and the Swizzers broken The Cardinal of Syon persâ—adeth the Swizzers The battell of Marignan Pe. Nauarre afore the Castell of MillaÌ„ Death of Aluiano Enteruiew of Pope Leo the fr. king in Bolognia 1516. The french king returneth into Fraunce Death of the king Catholike Death of the Great Capteine The Venetians recouer Bressia The Pope taketh the Duchie of Vrbin giueth it to Laur â–ª de Medicis his nephew Capitulations betwene the French king and king Catholike Beginningâ— of new 〈…〉 Vrbin returneth to the obedience of the naturall Duke Fano besieged Description of the Citie of Pesero Consederacion betwene the Pope and fr. king Franciscomaria sendes to defie law de Medicis Scituacion of Fossambrono Lawrence loaseth thoccasioÌ„ of the victory Lawrence de Medicis hurt Ielousie against Iohn Ia. Tryuulce The death of Ioh. Ia. Triuulce The french aspireth to be Emperour 1519 Death of Lavv. de Medicis Charles the fife chesen Emperour Occasions of contention betwene the fr. king and themperor The Popes enterprise vppon Ferrara 1520. Martin Luther agaynst the Pope The Pope executeth Io. Paule Baillon ThEmprour in England Commocions in Spaine Pope Leo is the cause of the warre Fontarabye taken by the french Martin Luther Confederation betwene the Pope and thEmperour agaynst the fr. king The titles of thempire to the duchie of Millan Practises against the fr. king FrauÌ„cis Guicciardin the writer of this history Monsr d'Escud before Reggia Lightning vpon the castell of Millan The Marquis of Mantua for the Pope The resolucioÌ„ for the warre agaynst the Frenchmen Monsr de Lawtrech returneth to Millan Frauncis Guicciardin generall coÌ„maunder ouer the army The capteines of the league take counsell together The siege of Parma The Popes Capteines and the Emprours take councell to passe further The armie of the league passeth the riuer of Paw A fault of Monsr de Lavvtrech The Svvizzers leauied by the Pope vvoulde not march against the Frenche king The souldiers of the league passe the riuer of Adda The taking of Myllan by the league The death of Pope Leo the tenth The Frenche men before Parma The duke of Vrbin reentreth his estates Election of Pope Adrian the sixt The D. of Vrbin and the Baillons before Sienna Alexandria taken by the Imperialls Ten thowsand Swizzers discend into the Duchie of Millan for the fr. king Iohn Medicis for the french king The French men before Millan Frauncis Sforce at Millan Monsr Lawtrech before Pauia The Swvizzers woulde leaue the sr armie for that they are not payde Monsr Lawtrech determined to set vppon his enemies Thencounter of Bicocque The ouerthrow of the Swizzers Monsr Lawtrech returneth into Fraunce Loda taken by the Imperialls Genes taken by the Imperialls Monsr d'Escud returneth into Fraunce Emotions in Tuskane An accident in the towne of Lucquai The prouinces of â—â—alâ—e are taxed for the conseruation of the duchie of Millan Pope Adrian the vi coÌ„meth to Rome The king of England for thEmprour sendeth Embassadors to the Venetians to draw them from thalliaÌ„ce of the french VVhat thEmprour did in Spaine Roades taken Rhodes rendred vp to the Turke The Castell of Millan rendred by the French. The oracion of Andrevv Gritti touching thalliance vvith Caesar The oratioÌ„ of George Cornaro Andrea Gritty Duke of Venice Consederacion betwene Caesar and the Venetians Cardinall Volterro prisoner The French armie marcheth Confederacie betwene theÌ„prour the k. of England and the Duke of Burbon The french army in Italy The death of Pope Adrian Frauncis Guicciardin The taking of Reggia by the duke of Ferrara The taking of Loda by the French. The frenchmen breake vp from before Millan Cardinal Medicis is created Pope and taketh the name of Clement the seuenth The death of Prospero Colonno and his qualities The Duke of Burbon notable to doe any thing in Burgondie commeth to Myllan The imperials passe the riuer of Thesin The frenchmen go from before Millan The claime of the Kings of England to the Crowne of Fraunce The frenche king determineth to passe the mountes and to follow the ennemie The French king before Pauia The fr. king sendeth the Duke of Albanie into the realme of Naples The Pope counsellâ—th the fr. king and themperour to peace Duke of Ferrara aydes the French king during the siege of Pauia 1525. The defendantes of Pauya in necessitie The french king will â—â—t 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 of his Captemes The Imperialls take the castell S. Angeo Thimperialls drawe neare to Pauia The battell of Pauia wherin the frâ—king is take prisoner The Potentats of Italy in great feare for the imprisonment of the French king The VenetiaÌ„s solicite the Pope to confederate with them Thimperialls determine to accorde with the Pope Confederation betweene the Pope and the Emprour The rightes pretensions of the familie of Est The Pope sendes to visite the french king beeing prisoner The moderation and temperance of thâ— Emprour â—poÌ„ the neâ—es of the victory The Oration of the Bishop of Osimo touching the taking of the fr. king The opinion of the duke of Alba touching the kings imprisonment The sorowes and feares of Fraunce for the imprisonment of the king A treatise of of accord
proppertie of wisedom in parents to finde out the disposition of their children 52. A thing very daūgerous for men to gouerne by examples if there be not c. 52. A resolut part of a Councellor 59. All things earthly are subiect to their seasons of reuolucion and in mortal felicities can be no assurance nor perpetuity 88 Armes do litle aduaunce where policy is not concurrant and victorie bringeth a very short glory where the gouernment is vnperfect 88. Attēpt vpon the towne of Nouaro 96. Army of the confederats 99. Alfonso king of Aragon dyeth 115. A voyce mistaken defeateth an enterprise 135. An errour familiar with Princes ambicious to measure the euēt of things more by c. 189. Aluiano taketh Bybienna 201. After the seedes of aduersitie be sowen there is no longe exspectacion for the frutes c. 229. A weake surety whose fundatiō is builded vpon the blood of innocents a lamentable example to purge surmised suspicion by vnlawful murder 255. All violent attemptes being set foorth without councell at the beginning seeme mightie but c. 265. Accord betwene the frenche king and the Florentins 265. Aretza rebelleth against the Florentins in fauor of Peter de Medicis 267. Amongst vertuous men reconciliacion hath this propertie to knitte with greater suretie of faith constancy the harts that haue liued in seperacion 280. Anthony de Leua 287. Ambicion hath infinite operacions in this it abuseth the imaginations of men that c. 304. Aluiano being sent to succour Friull giueth the ouerthrow to thAlmains 399. Aluiano taken prisoner 422. Ambicion is a busie humor for that in whom it ruleth it maketh thē hard to be contented with thinges which they haue c. 476. An accidēt which made the Cardinals depart from Pisa 555. Army of the confederats 578. Actions of the Pope 676. Army of the league passeth the riuer of Paw 802. Alexandria taken by thimperialls 825. Army of the league before Millan 989 Army of the league come before Millan the second time 1002. A wicked act 1076. Alexandria taken 1078. Accord betwene the Pope themperours Agents 1085. Anthony de Leua recouereth Pauia 1110 Andrewe Dore leaueth the pay of the french 1117. B Beginning of the warre 36. Beginning of the warres of Pisa 72. Battell of Taro. 102. Beginning of warres in Naples vnder king Lewys the xij 267. Bart. Aluiano commeth to the succors of Consaluo 323. Bressia taken and sacked 574. Bressia rendered by the frenche to the Viceroy 619. Bishop of Gurcy at Rome 620. Bart. Aluiano Capteine generall of the Venetians 641. Bart. Aluiano taketh Pesquiero and other places 641. Battell of Marignan 703. Beginnings of new troubles 729. Battell of Pauya wherein the Frenche king is taken prisoner 902. Barbarousse at Thunis 1183. C Creacion of Pope Alexander 4. Corrupcion of Cardinals in thelection of the Pope Ibid. Confederacion betwene the Pope the Venetians and Duke of Myllan 11. Confederacion betweene the kinge of Fraunce and Lod. Sforce 19. Confederacion betwene the Pope and Alfonso king of Naples 28. Coniectures against the suttleties of Lod. Sforce 39. Cardinall S. Petri ad vincla giues a new life to the expedicion of Naples 41. The Collonnoys for the French k. 46. Cardinal S. P. ad vincla perswadeth the Pysans not to reuolt 56. Capitulacions betweene the French k. and the Florentyns 59. Capitulacions betweene the Pope and French king 63. Cardinal Valence the Popes sonne 64. Complaintes of the Pysans before the French king 74. Confederat league against the French king 87. Citie of Naples riseth to let in Ferdinand 112. Capitulacions betweene the Frenche king and the Florentyns 118. Couenants betwene Ferdinand king of Naples and the Venetians 146. Camylla Vrsin slayne 154. Consaluo surpriseth the French. 156. Caesar sendeth Embassadors to Florence 164. Caesar is comen to Pisa 167. Caesar marcheth to Lyuorna Ibid. Caesar leauieth his campe from Lyuorna 168. Caesar excuseth his suddeine departure 168. Caesar stealeth in hast into Germany 169. Capitulacions betweene the Pope and the Vrsins 172. Consaluo entreth Rome Ibid. Cardinal Valēce killeth his brother the d. of Cādia being both the Popes sōns 179 Castell of Genes rendred to the Duke of Myllan 181. Cardinall of Valence the Popes sonne renownceth his profession 203. Cardinal of Valence made Duke of Valentynois 204. Councell of Melchior Treuisan 209. Conclusion of the league betwene the French king and Venice 213. Count Caiezza leaueth the Duke of Millan 226. Cardinall Askanius leaueth Myllan abandoned 242. Cardinal Askanius betraied takē Ibid Cardinall Askanius deliuered ouer to the French men Ibid. Councell of S. Gregorie against ambicion 249. The chaunces in warre are diuerse and haue in them many hiddē fortunes which neither the wisedom of c. 253. Capitulacions betwene the D. Valentynois and Florentyns 256. Computacion of the French army 257 Consaluo retyreth to Barletto 274. Confederaciō against Valentynois 278 Capitulacions betwene the Vrsins and D. Valentynois 280. Cardinall Vrsin made prisoner 283. Combat betwene twelue French men against twelue Italyans 289. Consaluo in Naples 297. Castells of Naples takē by the spanish 300. Cardinall Amboise aspyreth to the Popedom 311. Cardinal S. Petri ad vincla made Pope 314. Complaints of the French. 331. Consaluo deserueth the title of greate Capteine 324. Confederaciō betwene the Pope king of Romains and the French king against the Venetians 338. Consaluo aydeth the Florentyns 346. Capitulacions betwene Ferdinand and Phillip 355. The condicion of imperie and dignitie is ielous 356. Continuance of the historye of Iulio d'Este 364. Citie of Genes rebelleth 365. Contents of the French army 372. Continuaciō of the warres of Pisa 412. Contract betweene the French kinge king of Spaine and the Florentyns 413. Conuencion betweene Caesar and the French king 477. Chaumont beseegeth the Pope within Bolognia 496. Chaumont retyreth from before Bolognia 499. Contencion betwene the Florentins rebellious Cardinalls 553. Coūcel of Pisa trāsferred to Millā 555. Confederats at the succors of Rauenna 582. The Confederats army 585. Cardinalls councel the Pope to harken to peace 590. Cardinal de Medicis escapeth from the French. 600. Conquest draweth with it ambiciō insolencie and couetousnes with c. 605 Castell of Genes taken by the Genowaies 619. Creacion of Pope Leo the tenth 633. Coronacion of the Pope 634. Capteine Martines words to the Swizzers 644. Cardinal of Syō perswadeth the Swizzers in an oracion 700. Capitulacions betweene the Frenche king and king Catholike 725. Confederacion betwene the Pope and French king 735. Charles the v. chosen Emprour 768. Commocions in Spayne 775. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour against the French king 781. Capteines of the league take councell together 790. Castel of Myllan rendred by the french 842. Cardinall Voltero prisoner 852. Confederacion betwene the emprour the king of England the Duke of Burbon 855. Cardinall Medicis is created Pope and taketh the name of Clement the vij 866. Claime of the kings of England to
the crowne of Fraunce 876. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour 910. Conspiracy against thEmprour 935. Capitulacions betweene the confederats against thEmprour 935. Castell of Myllan rendred to thImperialls 1004. Cremona rendred to the confederats 1014. The Confederats resolue to inuade Naples 1040. Confederacion betweene the Frenche king and king of England 1070. Cardinall of Yorke in Fraunce 1073. Cardinal Campeius Legat in England 1114. Couenants betwene Andre Dore and thEmprour 1119. Causes of the ruyne of the Cardinall of Yorke 1139. Capitulacions betweene thEmprour the Venetians Duke of Myllan 1161. Creaciō of Pope Pawle the third 1183 D Duchie of Brittaine inuested in the crowne of Fraunce 24. Death of Ferdinand king of Aragō 27. Duke of Calabria marcheth towardes Calabria 37. Death of Iohn Galeas Duke of Millan 48. Dom Federyk aunswereth the French king 84. Death of Ge. Otto a Turke and kept in refuge by the Pope 85. Duke of Venice reasoneth in fauour of the Pysans and preuaileth 143. Declinacion of the French in the kingdom of Naples 156. Duke of Candia generall of the Popes army 170. Duke of Myllan practiseth against the Venetians touching Pisa 176. Disorders in Florence for the gouernment 177. Duke of Myllan prosecuteth his practise against the Venetians 183. Death of king Charles the eight 184. Death of Sauonarola 185. Duke of Venice aunswereth the Florentyn Embassadors 197. Doings of the French king during the warre of Pisa 203. Duke of Myllan being made astonished with the league soliciteth an accord 215. Duke Valentynois taketh Ymola by the ayde of the French. 236. Discending of the Turke Ibid. Duke Valentynois taketh Furly 237. Disorders in the Frenche gouernment in Myllan 238. Duke of Myllan made prisoner by the treason of the Swizzers 242. Duke Valentynois beseegeth Faenza 250. Duke Valentynois leauieth his campe Ibid. Duke Valentynois disdayneth to be repulsed 251. Duke Valentynois taketh the Duchie of Vrbyn 269. Disorders in Florence touchinge the gouernment 272. Duke Valentynois with the frēch k. 274. Duke Valētynois great with the french king againe 275. Duke of Vrbyn recouereth his estate 278. Duke Valentynois demaundeth succor of the French king Ibid. Death of Cardinall Vrsin 283 Discending of the Swyzzers into the Duchie of Myllan 291. Duke Valentynois for the french k. 310. Duke Valentynois arested by the Pope 318. Discourse vpon the nauigacions of the Spanyards 328. Death of king Federyk 339. Death of Elizabeth Queene of Spaine 340. Death of Cardinall Askanius 345. Dissimulacions very daungerous in the persons of great men 354. Death of king Philip. 363. Death of Duke Valentynois 365. Dyot of Constance 376. Deliberacion of the Venetians 394. Deliberacion of the Venetians 410. Defeate of the Venetians 422. Diuerse opinions touching the fall of the Venetians 430. Descripcion of Padoa 445. Descripcion of Verona 458. Death of the Count Petillano 460. Discending of the Swizzers to the Duchie of Myllan 483. Duke of Ferrara goeth to Rome to demaund pardon of the Pope 603. Duke of Ferrara in daunger to be prisoner at Rome Ibid. Disposiciō of Princes to the warre 634. Desire of Pope Leo to chase the french king out of Italy 638. Death of king Lewys the 12. 684. Death of Aluiano 709. Death of the king Catholike 714. Death of the great Capteine Ibid. Duchie of Vrbyn returneth to the obedience of the naturall Duke 732. Descripcion of the citie of Pezero 733. Death of Iohn Ia. Tryunlce 761. Death of law de Medicis 766. Disorder in an army breeds more daūger then the sword of thennemy 798. Death of Pope Leo the tenth 813. Duke of Vrbyn and the Baillons before Sienna 823. Death of Pope Adrian 857. Death of Prospero Colonno and his qualities 868. Duke of Burbon commeth to Myllan being not able to do any thing in Burgondie 869. Defendants of Pauya in necessitie 894. Duke of Burbon in Spayne 943. Death of the Marquis of Pisquaro 943. Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour 944. Duke of Burbon goeth out of Myllan leaueth there Antho. de Leua 1035. Duke of Ferrara perswadeth the D. of Burbon 1036. Duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome 1059. Duke of Burbon slayne at the assalt of Rome 1061. Death of the Viceroy Don Hugo Mōcado 1105. Duke of Brundswike in Italy for thEmprour 1110. Death of Monsr Lawtrech 1122. Deuises of the Pope to restore his house in Lombardy 1137. Death of Pope Clement the vij 1183. E Estate wherein Italy was anno 1490. 1 Embassadors of Myllan perswade the french king to the voyage of Naples 14. Embassadors of Florence confute the complaints of the Pysans 75. Encownter of Soriano 171. Embassadors of the Florentyns at Venice 196. Eldest sonne of king Federyk sent into Spayne 262. Experience declareth this to be true that that which many desire succeedeth rarely for that theffects of humane actions c. 273. Exploytes of the french armies beyond the mountes 320. ThEmprour speaketh in the Dyot 377 Enterprise of Bolognia by the Pope king of Aragon 565. English men at Fontaraby against the french 624. Estate of humane felicities subiect to emulacion and nothing of more difficultie to mortal mē then to beare wel the height and greatnes of fortune 629. English army affore Tournaye 665. Elephantes presented to the Pope 682. Enteruiew of Pope Leo and the french king in Bolognia 711. Emprour in England 775. Election of Pope Adrian the sixt 822. Emprour Charles maried to the daughter of Portugall 951. Emprour writeth to the Pope touching the french kings deliuery 964. Emprour ill contented 976. Execucion at Naples 1132. Emprour sendeth to the Prince of Orenge to inuade the Florentyns 1147. Emprour at Genes 1148. Emprour taketh the crowne at Bolognia 1165. Employ sackt by the Marquis of Guast 1168. Enteruiew of the king of England and French king 1176. Enteruiewe of the Pope and French k. at Marselles 1181. F Ferdinand king of Aragon 2. Frenche kinge sendeth Embassadors to the Pope Florentyns and Venetians 30 Florentyns aunswer the Frenche Embassadors 32. French king angry with the Florentyns aunswer 32. French king prayeth amitie of the Venetians 33. Foreshowes of the calamities of Italy 40. French king doubtfull to goe thorowe with thenterprise of Naples 41. French king in Ast 43. French king discribed Ibid. French king visiteth Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan 48. French king in minde to returne into Fraunce 49. Florentyns discontented with Peter de Medicis 54. French k. draweth towards Florēce 57. French king entreth Florence 58. French king at Syenna 60. French king entreth Rome 63. French king kisseth the Popes feete 64. French king entreth Naples 70. French king maketh offers to Dom Federyk 84. French king sendeth an army to inuade Yschia 84. French king vseth negligence in ordering the things of Naples 88. French king taketh councel what to do against the league of confederats 90. French k. crowned king of Naples 92. French king aspyreth to the surprising of Genes 98. French kinges attempts vppon Genes
of Orleans entreth Genes and preserueth it 37. Lod. Sforce goeth to visit the French king in Ast 44. Lod. Sforce Duke of Millan by vsurpacion 49. Lawrence and Iohn de Medicis with the french king 50. Lod. Sforce beginneth too late to feare the greatnes of the french 85. Lod. Sforce sendeth hawty messages to the D. of Orleance 95. Lod. suttle in dissembling 130. Lod. vaunteth him selfe to be the sonne of fortune 144. Lod. will aswell serue his turne vppon the k. of Romaines for his ambicion as he did of the fr. k. in his necessitie 160. Lodowyk perswadeth Caesar to goe to Pisa 161. Lewys Duke of Orleance succeedeth to the crowne 185. Lewys the 12. king of Fraunce entiteleth him selfe Duke of Myllan 189. Librafatta taken by Pawle Vitelly 200. Lod. strengthneth him selfe against the king 223. Lod. moostereth all the inhabitants of Myllan and laboreth to reconcyle the harts of the people 225. Lod. abandoneth Millan 228. Lamentacions made at Venice for the ouerthrow 423. Last action of the Florentins against the Pisans 433. League of Caesar and the frenche king against the Venetians 466. Leguaguo taken by Chaumont 475. Lanterne of Genes razed by the people 678 law de Medicis Ioaseth thoccasion of the victorie 740. law de Med. is hurt 741. Lightning vppon the castell of Millan 785. Loda taken by thImperialls 833 Ladie Alenson treateth with thEmperour for the french kings deliuery 938 Lye geuen to thEmprour by the french king 1091. League for the defense of Italie 1178. M Mariage of Blanche Maria Sforce with thEmprour Maximilian Fol. 25 Manifest aspiring of Lod. Sforce to the Dukedom of Millan 48. Mountpensier leader of the vauntgard 50. Marquis of Pisquaro slaine 113. Mountpensier stealeth from Naples 115. Monsr Trimouilles opinion touching the peace 123. Marquis of Mantua in the kingdom of Naples for the Venetians 149. Mountpensier dyeth 157 Monsr d'Aubigny cōsenteth to depart the kingdom of Naples 158. Matters of enterprise doe for the most parte nourish their proper impediments 182. Monsr Beaumont a chiefe leader of the french armies 246. Monsr Beaumont sendeth to demaund Pisa in the kings name 247 Monsr de la Palissa made prisoner 289. Monsr d'Aubigny ouerthrowē taken prisoner 295. Malice is infinit in her actions c. 358. Marquis of Mantua prisoner 437. Maximilian returneth into Germanie 451. Monsr Chaumont against the Venetians 468. Marquis of Mantua escapeth out of prison 488. Myrandola besieged 504 Myrandola yeeldeth to the Pope 507. The Man that aspireth is apt to beleue all thinges that are conformable to his hope and oftentimes c. 525. Monsr de Foix his army 578. Monsr de Foix encourageth his souldiours to the battell 583. Mindes thirsting after glory are infinite in opinion and weening c. 588. Monsr de Foix slaine 588. Maximilian Sforce restored to Myllan 623. Martyn Luther against the Pope 771. Martyn Luther 781. Monsr d'Escud before Reggia 784. Marquis of Mantua for the Pope 780. Monsr Lawtrech before Pauia 829. Many impediments do follow the deliberacion of great causes and c. 851. Moderacion and temperance of thEmprour vpon the newes of the victory 915. Maner of the deliuering of the frenche king 966. Many errours in popular commocions c. 983. Monsr Lawtrech Captaine generall of the league 1072. Miserable condicion of the city of Millan 1099 Many difficulties in the frenche armie 1119. Montiā misseth to surprise Andre Dore 1130. Monsr Saint Pol prisoner to Antho. de Leua 1143. Millan rendred by thEmprour to Fraūcis Sforce 1162. N New Princes haue new councells and of new councells commonly resorte new effects 20. Number of the french kings army 45. Nocero taken by Ferdinand 137. Newe practises betwene the kinges of Fraunce and Spayne 180. New castell of Naples assaulted 301. Necessitie is mightie to bende those hartes that are inuincible against all other meanes c. 362. Nothing can satisfie the ambicion of man. 489. Nothing more vnworthy then to adde to a naturall crueltie a great authoritie c. 506. Number of the dead at the battell of Rauenna 588. Nothing flieth faster away then occasion c. 614. Nouaro besieged by the french 643. No certaintie in the councells of mortall men and lesse exspectacion of their worldly euents c. 729. No greater ennemy to great men then too great prosperitie for that it taketh c. 778. Necessarie for Capteines in warre to chaunge councells according to the variacion of accidents c. 192. Nothing more hard then to auoide destinie c. 940. Nothing more suttle then occasion which being taken and applied draweth with it good issue but c. 1011. New gouernmēt established in Genes 1128. O Oration of Antho. Grymany 206. Occasion doth muche to induce the minds of souldiors but example is it that confirmeth their vertue making them c. 288. Ouerthrow of the Duke of Atry 294. Ouerthrow death of Monsr de Nemours 296. Oration of Nicholas Foskarin 388. Oration of Andrew Gritty 391. Ordenance house in Venice on fire 415 Oration of Antho. Iustinian to Caesar 427. Oration of Leonard Loredan 440. Oration of Tryuulce 510. Ouerture of the councell of Pisa 543. Order of the frenchmen at the battell of Rauenna 583. Of all voluble thinges there is nothing more light then reapport and in times of Mutacion c. 640. Ouerthrow of the Venetian army 657. Ouerthrow of the frenche neare Tyrewaine 663. Occasions of contention betwene the Emperour and french king 768. Ouerthrow of the Swizzers 832. Oration of Andrew Gritty 844. Oration of George Cornaro 847. Oration of the Bishoppe of Osmo touching the taking of the french king 916. Oration of the Duke of Alba touching the french kings imprisonment 920. Occasions giuen to thEmprour of new emocions 933. Oration of the Chauncellor 952. Oration of the Viceroy 956. Oftentimes ingratitude and reproache are farre more readie then the remuneracion or praise of good workes 1057. Occasion why the king of England refused the Ladie Kathe. of Aragon his wife 1092. P Pope innocent the eight dyeth 4. Pope Alexander the sixt stayned with many vices 5. Peter de Medicis heire to Lawrence 5. Preparations in Fraunce for the warres of Italie 23. Pope commaundeth the frenche king not to passe into Italie 39. Peter de Medicis cōmeth to the french king 52. Peter de Medicis accordeth with the french king 53. Peter de Medicis fleeth out of Florence 55. The Pisans offer to reuolt 55. Pope is gealous of his owne safety 61. Perswasions of some Cardinalls to depose the Pope 63. P. Antho. Soderin reasoneth touching a forme of gouernment for Florence 77 And against that opinion reasoneth Guido Antho. Vespucci 80. Pope commaundeth the frenche king to go out of Italie 118. Peace betwene the french king and the confederats 122. Prince of Orenge speaketh 125. Peter de Medicis at thinstigation of the confederates determineth to returne to Florence 133. Pisa in the protection of Venice 144. Prince of Bisignian compoundeth for him selfe and
others 158. Peter Capponi 163. The Pisans begin to disclaime from the Duke of Millan 164. Peter de Medicis determineth once againe to returne to Florence 178. Peter de Medicis aided by them of Syena 178. Peter de Medicis faileth of his enterprise 178. Pope abhominable in the lust of his daughter 179. Pope inuesteth Federike in the kingdom of Naples 180. Philip Duke of Sauoy dyeth 181. Pope apt to dispense with all things for the greatnes of his sonne 190. Pawle Vitelly Capteine generall of the Florentin army 191. The Pisans not keeping thaccorde are besieged by the Florentins 220. Pisa is besieged 231. Pawle leauieth the siege 233. The Pisans take Librasatta 248. Pope createth twelue Cardinals at one time 251. Pope giueth thinuestiture of the realme of Naples to the French and Spaniard indifferently 258. Prospero Colonno aduiseth king Federike to aduenture the battell 259. Pawle Vrsin strangled 284. Philip Archduke of Austrich in Fraūce 292. Peace betwene the kings of Spayne Fraunce 293. Prouerbe vpon the Popes dissembling 305. Pope Alexander the sixt dead 307. Pope Pius the third dieth 314. The Pope complaineth to the Venetians 317. Peter de Medicis drowned 325. Peace betwene the Turke and Venetians 327. Peace betwne the french king and king of Spaine 351. The Pope deuiseth to win againe Bolognia 357. The Pope will go in person to thenterprise of Bolognia 360. The Pope Venetians incite the k. of Romaines to make warre vpon the french king 376. Pope ratifieth the treatie of Cambray 412. Popes Bull against the Venetians 418. The Popes souldiers in Bolognia 425. Pisa rendred to the Florentins 434. The Pope threatneth the Duke of Ferrara 468. Popes deliberacion to chase the french out of Italie 479. Popes armie against Ferrara Genes 682. Pope in person at the campe before Mirandola 505. Pope maketh ouerture of a new councell to breake the councell of Pisa 534. Pope holden for dead 539. Pope pursueth his enterprise to chase the french king out of Italie 540. Pope maketh league with the Venetiās and king Catholike 545. Pope depriueth of the hatte the rebellious Cardinalls 547. Pandolffo Petruccio councelleth the Pope 552. Popes armie retyreth from before Bolognia 570. Peter Soderin reasoneth in the councell 612. Purposes of Pope Iulio the second and his death 631. Pope seeketh to appease the king 649. Padoa besieged by the Viceroy 653. Prouisions of the frenche against the k. of England 661. Preparacions of the frenche against the Duke of Millan 688. Peter Nauarre before the castell of Millan 707. Pope giueth the Duchie of Vrbin to Lawrence de Medicis his Nephew 721. Popes enterprise vpon Ferrara 769. Pope executeth Ioh. Pa. Baillon 774. Pope Leo the cause of the warre 778. Popes Captaines and themprours take councell to passe further 800. Prouinces of Italie are taxed for conseruacion of the Duchy of Millan 839. Pope Adrian the sixt cōmeth to Rome 839. Pope coūcelleth themprour french king to peace 889. Pope sendeth to visite the frenche king being prisoner 914. The Person of the french king led prisoner into Spaine 930. The Person of the fr. king extreamely sicke in the castell of Madrill 937. Pope Clement the vij makes a league against themprour 949. People of Millan rise vp against thimperialls 971. Pope Venetians and french king make league together 978. Pope moueth the confederates to inuade the realme of Naples 1008. Prouisions of themperour against the consederats 1009. Prince of Orenge with the Launceknights 1029. Pope loaseth corage and why 1048. Pope accordeth with thimperialls 1049. Pope being abandoned of all hopes compoundeth with thimperials 1067. Passion of spite and disdaine is commonly more strōg in him that recouereth his liberty then in an other that defendeth it 1069. Plague in Rome 1070. Pope goeth out of prison 1085. Pope thanketh Monsr Lawtrech for his deliuerie 1087. Popes excuses to the cōsederats 1112. Popes intention touching Florence 1113. Proceedinges of Monsr Saint Pol in Lombardy 1124. Pope at accord with themprour 1143. Peace betwene themprour and french king negociated in Cambray 1145. Pope maketh offers to Malatesta 1152. Pope themprour at Bolognia 1158. Prince of Orenge slaine 1169. Pope holdeth him selfe offended with themprour 1174. Pope wil not harken to a councel 1178. Pope refuseth to giue his Nece in mariage to the Duke of Millan 1179. The Pope knoweth his end 1182. Q Quarrrell betwene the families of Colonna and Vrsin 192. Qualities of Pope Leo and Clement 946. R Realme of Naples beginneth to reclaime the name of the Aragons 91. Rebellion increaseth by occasions 365. Rashnes hath no societie with discression 368. The Rebells of Genes yeelde to the french king 373. Rauenna sacked 589. Resolucion of the treaty of Mantua by the confederats 608. Returne of the Medicis to Florence 609. Resolucion of the warre against the frenchmen 787. Rhoades taken 840. Rhoades rendred to the Turke 841. Rights and pretensions of the family of Est 912. Rome taken and sacked 1061. Resolucion of the Imperialls within Naples 1104. S Suttelties of Lod. Sforce 23. Seege of Nouaro 116. Shiftes of Lod. Sforce to breake the peace 130. Suche is the rage of ambicion and so sweete thinsinuacion of rule and imperie c. 132. Such as are not accustomed to aduersities haue least rule ouer their passions c. 179. Such is the mutabilitie of men mercenarie that as c. 201. So busie is the humor of treason that in whom it aboundeth it rageth without respect to the c. 225. Suche as haue their destruction determined are seene to decline by degrees c. 226. Sorowes of king Federike redoubled 260. Straunge affection of a sonne 261. Suche a passion is suddeine feare that it makes men runne not whether councel directeth them but c. 270. So importunate is the passion of reuenge in the mindes of mortall men who c. 300. Such a thing is feare that ofrentimes it makes men forgetful aboue shame and all other obseruancies c. 324. So infallible is the law of iustice to take reuenge vpon wrongs not obseruing the presence of times c. 333. Seedes of new warres 353 ▪ Submission of the rebels of Genes 373 So full of quarrell is aduersitie and so infinite is the malice of the world that c. 440. Such is the frayeltie of mans nature that the suddeinnes of perill is more terrible then the daunger it selfe and by how much it c. 469. Swizzers what people they be 558. The Seate of Rauenna 580. Swizzers rise for the Pope against the frenchmen 596. Such is the instability of mortal things that they are neither certeine in thē selues for an vniuersall frayeltie in all humaine actions nor can be made assured c. 597. Swizzers seeke to stoppe the passage of the frenchmen 691. Scituacion of Fossambrono 737. Seege of Pauia 792. Swizzers leauied by the Pope woulde not march against the french king 806. Souldiors of the league passe the riuer of Adda 808. Swizzers would leaue the french army