Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	wound_n	wound_v	young_a	18	3	5.8022	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

of Parrots which flye in great Companies most beautiful to the Eye and very docible to speak and also good for Food The Partridges Nanbououassou in bigness no way inferior to a Capon have blue Feathers and also Lay blue Eggs. The Ourou resembling a Partridge hath a Combe like a Cock but mix'd with three Colours viz. red black and white The Bats nam'd Andheura have a mournful Note in the Night often biting those they find asleep and suck their Blood so hard that it can hardly be stopt The Ostriches here call'd Yandou being as tall as a middle-siz'd Man cannot flye but run as swift as a Greyhound Their Fowl call'd Falian with long Bills and Cranes Legs flies very low but runs so swift that a Horse can scarce overtake them Strange sorts of Fish The Ocean about Maragnan produces abundance of all sorts of Fish and amongst others the Pyraon six Foot long thicker than a Barrel and cover'd with black Scales of a hand-breadth The Fish Camouroupouy differs not much from the Pyraon onely in having fewer Scales The Ougry four Foot long hath a broad Head and two sharp Fins on the Back which wound terribly This Fish also swimming in the River smells of Musk whilest it stays therein The like length hath also the Camboury Ouassou whose Hog-like Head and yellow scal'd Tail makes it seem like a Monster The Yauebouyre is a Foot in thickness in length two Fathom and a Fathom in breadth and hath a Tail of half a Fathom long out of the middle of which sticks a sharp and great Bone which makes such dangerous Wounds that if any part of a Man's Body be touch'd therewith it must be cut off The Narinnary which is much lesser wounds with its Sting very dangerously The flat Fish Acaraiou hath the length of a Foot a green Head thick Scales a yellow Back and white Belly The Araououa hath a hard Skin is eight times bigger than the Acaraiou and hath a three-pointed Sword with which it kills other Fish Another sort of Sword-fish is the Panapans whose Sword is a Foot less than that of the Araououa The Picamo and Caramourou resemble the Pilchard and are taken in great abundance near the Rocks The Rivers and Brooks on Maragnan are also very full of Fish amongst which the Pourake four Foot long full of green blue red and white Specks and Streaks the Skin so hard that no Sword can penetrate it wherefore it regards not a blow but if it moves it causes such a pain on the Arm of him that strikes that he falls down on the Ground The Caurimata which is very like a Carp is the most delicious Fish that ever was tasted The Pyrain without Scales colour'd red and yellow hath sharp Teeth which cut sloapingly as also the Opean Tarehure Paraty and Jerou The red Crabs Oussa with hairy Legs breed about the Roots of the fore-mention'd Trees that grow in the Water The white Crabs Aouara-oussa carry the Amber-greece cast on the Shores to their Holes They have also good Mussles and well rellish'd Oysters sticking on the Boughs of the said Trees During the rainy Season there are generally standing Pools in which yearly breed many Fishes which are taken up by the Inhabitants when the Pools begin to dry Divers kinds of strange Beasts Moreover this Island feeds abundance of four-footed Beasts amongst which their wild Deer Rabbets and Hares differ little from the European They have also wild Swine call'd Taiassou who seem to have Navels on their Backs which cast a sweet Musky smell besides another sort of Swine not inferior to the former but of a stranger shape being Mouth'd like a Hare with two long Tusks in their upper Jaws and two beneath their Ears like a Mans the foremost Feet white and hoof'd like an Ass the hindermost part of their Body like a Bear and full of Bristles half white and half black three handfuls long when they creep in their Holes their staring Bristles fall they keep much amongst Brambles feed on Apples and Roots In the Winter Season they Stye themselves up in their Holes Here are also Pismire-eaters call'd Tamandua with a Boars Head Dogs Ears sharp Snout Horses Hair and Ox Feet The Tapiyre-ete differ little from wild Cows onely they have shorter Legs and Tails and wanting Horns are Arm'd in stead thereof with Teeth in their Heads are often found a Stone like the Bezoar Stone Several sorts of Armadillo's here differ much in form each from the other The wild Cats Margaia are caught for their curious Skin The Foxes Janovare and Leopards Sovassovaran both curiously mark'd are very ravenous Here is also a deform'd slow creeping Beast call'd Ai whose Head is like a Mans and cover'd with rough and grey Hair on each Foot three Claws close together and at least a Finger long sharp Teeth a smooth high black Nose little drowsie Eyes no Ears a Tail small above and broad at the bottom long Ash-colour'd Hair over all the Body and being about the bigness of a Fox it climbs slowly up the Trees and comes not down before it hath eaten off all the Leaves it feeds also on Earth and sometimes sits on a high Bough without Meat twenty days together it goes so softly that it will hardly clear fifty Paces in twenty four hours On this Island are likewise all sorts of Apes and Monkies amongst which is one most remarkable call'd The Zimme Cayon hairy all over with a long white Beard an old Mans Face bald Ears black Eyes and long Tail which they wind about a Bough and so hanging swing themselves from one Tree to another they are very fierce as well as subtile for being wounded with an Arrow they set upon their Enemy without the least fear when they climb up the Trees they carry their Mouths and Hands full of Stones to throw at Travellers and if any one of them chance to be wounded all the rest that are near come to help him and stop the Wound with Leaves and the like the young ones hang upon the Backs of their Dams who run very swift with them and leap from one Tree to another Juan Ardenois relates That the Coyons play at certain Games with the Natives for Money and spend what they win in publick Houses Joseph de Acosta tells us That one of these kind of Creatures being sent to a Tavern for Wine would not part with his Money before his Pot was fill'd which he defended from the Boys that offer'd to take it from him by throwing Stones at them and though it lov'd Wine very well yet brought it always home without tasting It is no less wonderful what Peter Martyr relates of one of these Creatures viz. That observing one ready to fire a Gun at him before he could discharge it leap'd from the Tree and snatch'd up a Child which he held as a Buckler before him The Sagovin The Sagovin resembles a Lyon in the fore-part of the Body with shaggy Hair they

to seven thousand Duckets as we mention'd before yet was put in Prison by his Order contrary to all Promises Nay Gottierez threatned to burn him not regarding that he had besides receiv'd of him several Pieces of Gold resembling all manner of Beasts as Tygers and others and also Fishes and Fowls curiously wrought which were valu'd at two Tun of Gold yet this Present seemed too little for him whereupon bringing the Prisoner to a Chest Unsatisfied Covetousness of Gottierez he swore that he would rost him by degrees if in four days time he did not furnish him with four times as much more Gold as that Chest would hold Whereupon Chamachiren's Servants went away to get the requir'd Gold but he through carelesness of the Watch made his escape in the Night so that Gottierez lost his Booty But the other Prisoners though threatned to be torn asunder with Dogs remain'd firm disowning that they had any Gold and among the rest one speaking boldly to the Spanish Officer said That he stood amaz'd at his treacherous dealings why did he keep him Chain'd against Law and Promse and often threaten'd him with death but yet would not kill him for he said he● had rather choose to die than live so miserable a life Gottierez's Conscience troubling him he would willingly have releas'd the Indian and the rather because he promis'd to procure a great ransome of Gold but the inferior Commanders would not consent to it After this they march'd six days through great Wildernesses and over high Mountains finding no Footsteps of any People Lastly They came down a very dangerous and steep Mountain where had not the Shrubs and jutting Stones serv'd them to hold by they had all broken their Necks Dangerous Mountains Fifteen Leagues the hanging of this Mountain spread it self along a sweet River Strange Huts on whose opposite Shore stood strange Huts full of dead Tygers Deers Heads and Legs here they staid two days to rest themselves where the Trees Mamei and the Cazabi Plants yielded them good Food Travelling forward Gottierez ask'd an Indian which was the nearest way to a Village but he pretending not to know any near hand had his Head immediately cut off In like manner and for the same reason the Indian Prince should also have been Executed had not Gottierez given order to the contrary seeing his resolution that with no less Patience than undaunted Courage stretch'd forth his Neck to the Executioners Mean while their Provisions decreasing they suffer'd extreme hunger insomuch that some fainted quite away The Souldiers also rebelling against Gottierez for Food he commanded them to kill their Dogs and stamp the Barks of Trees two days they travelled much discontented in this manner and at last came to the entrance of a Wood where they espy'd an Indian standing behind a Tree which on a sudden ran away with incredible swiftness early the next morning above four thousand Indians came Marching against the faint Spaniards making a terrible noise with Horns and Drums they were all except their Princes Painted black and red some wore Plumes of Feathers on their Heads and Collars of the same about their Necks the fight began very fiercely by casting abundance of Stones and shooting of Arrows wherein though Gottierez was at first Wounded Valiant fight yet after half an hour the Assailants fled but recruited with fresh Forces renew'd the fight breaking into their Ranks and making so great slaughter amongst them with Woodden Swords and Palm-Tree Clubs knocking down and dealing such deadly Wounds that of the Spaniards three onely escap'd saving themselves by flight who two hours after much amaz'd and terrify'd came to their reserve consisting onely of twenty four Men which Alphonso de Risa Commanded the insulting Enemy at their Heels waving over their Heads the Swords Shields and Cross-Bows which they had gotten from the slain Spaniards and some withal crying in the Spanish Tongue Come Christians come and take Gold But de Risa for all their pride set them going with some Volleys of Shot after this escaping innumerable other dangers he came to Nombre de Dios without having effected any thing of Note SECT XI The Expeditions of Peter Alvarado Francisco and Gonzalvo Pizarro and Diego de Almagro Pizarro's and Almagro's remarkable exploits IN the City of Panama in New Spain liv'd three eminent Spaniards call'd Francisco Pizarro Diego de Almagro and Ferdinand de Luque a Priest which joyntly design'd to discover farther Southerly along the rich Gold and Pearl Coast and inspect the Southern Ocean De Luque was to look to home-affairs and Pizarro set Sail first with a Ship Man'd with one hundred and fourteen Men which Almagro follow'd with seventy more yet both were valiantly repuls'd by the Peruvians but although they return'd the first time with bad success yet they undertook their business once more but with no better fortune whereupon discouraged the undertaking seem'd to be totally laid aside and the American Vice-Roy Peter de Rios forbad any to attempt a farther Discovery concerning Peru. The former difficulties with this Edict easily wrought upon Pizarro's men all but twelve to leave him for the rest went over with the Ship fitted out by Rios with succors to the Island Gallo where Pizarro resided having also fail'd in his second Expedition But although he had made two bad Voyages yet having an inclination to a third attempt he went to Spain desiring of the Emperor to be Governor of Peru which he had discover'd for besides his Plea of Merits he had taken possession of the Country twice by Landing there intended for the use of his Imperial Majesty one of his Sea-men to that purpose flourishing his two-handed Sword over his Head the glistering of which Sword so frighted the Natives that none of them durst come near him His request being consulted upon was at last granted the Government of Peru being conferred upon him but Almagro took it very ill that Pizarro went to the Emperor on such a design for himself yet by the mediation of his Friends the difference was reconciled then Pizarro setting Sail with one hundred and fifty Foot besides Horse and Landing at the Island Puna Pizarro's fight on Puna at first was courteously entertain'd but the Spaniards by extravagant hunting and searching every where their Houses for Gold and committing several other outrages incensing chang'd the humor of the Inhabitants so much that they fell upon them In stead of Ensigns Standards and Warlike Trophies they used long Canes at the end whereof were ty'd the Bones of their antient Hero's honor'd by them after their death But these Reliques sav'd not the Indians from slaughter so well as the coverts of a neighboring Wood. From this Isle lying three degrees Southward of the Equinoctial Pizarro passed over to the Main Continent where they were all in a great confusion upon the report of the Spaniards cruelties committed in Puna Comes to Peru. yet all the preparations of

so made are in Force there till His Majesty thinks fit to alter them The Chief Court of Judicature is call'd The Quarter-Court because it is held every quarter of a Year where all Causes Criminal and Civil are heard and determin'd and the Judges of this Court are the Governor and Council The present Governor in this Year 1671. is Sir William Berkley who was made Governor by King Charles the First of Great Brittain c. in the Year 1640. And those of the Council are Sir Henry Chichesly who is one of the greatest and most considerable Planters there and Mr. Edward Diggs before-mention'd Mr. Thomas Ludwel Secretary Major-General Robert Smith and divers other worthy Gentlemen That part of the Countrey where the English are Planted is divided into nineteen Counties viz. Northampton-County in Acomack on the Eastern shore and on the Western shore Corotuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henerico James Charles York New-Kent Gloucester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Harford-Counties In every one of these Counties there are inferior County-Courts kept every Moneth these take no Cognizance of Causes relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited Value such being refer'd to the Quarter-Courts only to which likewise there lie Appeals from their Inferior Courts There are Sheriffs Justices of the Peace and other Officers in every respective County appointed by the Governor for the Administration of Justice who sit there according to his Order and whereof these County-Courts are chiefly compos'd There are few Towns as yet erected in this Colony the Principal Seat of the English there is at a place call'd James-City in Honor of King James of Great Brittain c. This is situated in a Peninsula on the North side of James-River and has in it many fair Brick and other good Houses In this place are held the Quarter-Courts General Assemblies the Secretary's Office and all other Affairs and greatest Concerns of the Colony are here dispatch'd On the same side nearer the Mouth of this River stands Elizabeth-City containing also several good Houses of Brick and Timber Sir William Berkley the present Governor resides at a place somewhat distant from James-City call'd Green-Spring a fair Brick House which he himself caus'd to be built The other Towns of Note belonging to the English only Henricopolis or Henry's-Town so nam'd from Prince Henry then living built in a very convenient place more within Land about eighty Miles distant from James-City and Dale's-Gift so nam'd and Planted at the Charges of Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor of the Countrey about the Year 1610. Of the Indians of Virginia The Indians of Virginia in Stature Complexion and Disposition differ very little from those of Mary-land Their Laws and Customs their way of Living and Apparel their Religion Money and manner of Burial are the same in both places all which are more particularly express'd in the precedent Description of that Province to which we refer the Reader Yet these Indians far exceed those of Mary-land in Treachery and Cruelty to the English there as will appear by this following Relation of their Proceedings towards them since the first Seating of that Colony wherein nevertheless the Civility of some particular Persons at their first Landing is not to be omitted Transactions between the English and the Natives Upon the first arrival of Captain Amidas and Captain Barlow in Wingandacoa now Virginia they were accosted by Granganimeo the King's Brother of that Countrey who attended with a Train of forty or fifty Men came in a very civil manner to Treat about a Commerce of Trade and Traffick which immediately began between them and several Barters were made Granganimeo who was very just of his Word and always kept his promis'd Day of meeting fancying most a Pewter Dish gave twenty Deer-skins for it and boring a Hole therein hung it about his Neck for a Breast-plate afterwards he with his whole Company and his Wife and Children frequently and familiarly did eat and drink aboard the English Ships the King himself call'd Wingina lying sick at his chief Town six days Journey off of a dangerous Wound which he had receiv'd from a neighboring King his mortal Enemy Some of the English going to Land upon the Isle of Roanoack were met by Granganimeo's Wife who her Husband being absent commanded her Servants some to draw their Boat ashore some to carry them on their Backs to Land others to carry in their Oars into the House for fear of stealing and having caus'd a great Fire to be made to warm them and to dry those that had been wet in their Voyage she afterwards Entertain'd them with a very plentiful Feast or Banquet after that Countrey fashion and when they took alarm at the coming of two or three of her Men with Bowes and Arrows she caus'd the Bowes to be broken and the Men to be beaten out of the House besides several other demonstrations of extraordinary civility and when notwithstanding all this they could not be perswaded to Lodge any where but in their Boat she us'd all means imaginable to make them quit their jealousie and accept of a Lodging in the House In the Year 1585. a Company that went over with Sir Richard Greenvill burnt the Town of Aquascogoc by reason of a Silver Cup that was stoln by some of the Indians took Prisoner Menatonon King of Chawonoc who gave a large Relation of another King about three days Journey off who possess'd an Island wonderfully rich in Pearl which was taken in great abundance in a deep Water that inviron'd it Going towards the Countrey of the Mangoacks among whom in the Province of Chaunis Temoatan they heard of a Mine of strange Copper call'd Wassador with Skiko the King of Chowonock's Son and Manteo a faithful Salvage for their Guide they were treacherously dealt with by Wingina alias Pemissapan for so his Brother Granganimeo being lately dead he had alter'd his Name who endeavor'd to stir up a Confederacy of the Chawonocks Moratocks and Mangoacks against them yet by the urgent perswasions of Ensenore his Father the truest Friend the English had after the death of Granganimeo and seeing them safe return'd from their Journey wherein he thought they had all perish'd and especially upon Menatonon's sending Messengers to them with Pearl and Okisco King of Weopomeock to yield himself Vassal to the Queen of England his Hatred was somewhat cool'd but Ensenore deceasing soon after he return'd to his old treacherous Practises again and in the end while he was contriving mischief against the Planters he himself was shot taken Prisoner and beheaded After the Company left upon Virginia by Sir Richard Greenwill for he himself was return'd tir'd out with hunger hardship and the many extremities they were at last reduc'd to had deserted the Place and obtain'd Passage for England through the civility of Sir Francis Drake pitying their distress fifty Men more were Landed upon Roanoack-Isle by the

which opens to the West stand great Stone Cisterns into which they receive the Water through Pipes laid under Ground the Chambers 〈…〉 Halls are very lightsom and high and the Walls of them adorn'd with Cedar a flat Terrace on the top yields a pleasant Prospect all over the Countrey the Windows in the Front look open not onely upon the Orange Walk but also upon several delightful Plantations of Sugar-Canes and Ginger Westward appear several Mountains whose high Heads are invested with ever-flourishing Trees and between the Palace and those Mountains a very large and stately Garden full of all manner of Flowers and other delightful Plants as well those commonly known amongst us as those peculiar to that part of the World in the middle thereof stands a Fountain deriving its Source from the Foot of a neighboring Hill The Winds which blow from the Hills and especially those cool Blasts daily coming out of the East so tempers the hot Climate that it becomes very tolerable When any News arrives here of the French Conquests in Europe they sound the Trumpets on the top of the Castle and the Standards and Ensigns formerly taken by the Governor in the Field are hung out of the Windows On one side of the Castle stands a Chappel and somewhat farther on a rising Plain a row of Houses inhabited by certain Retainers to the Governor and is call'd Angola The Offices and Lodgings for the Governor's Servants are built of Brick about the Castle which is fortifi'd with five Sconces whereon are planted several Guns The Governor keeps nine hundred Slaves and a hundred French-men to work in his three Sugar-Mills to till his Ground and for his Houshold-Service Several French Gentlemen have also built many fair Houses here amongst which the chiefest are those on which Poucy Treval Benevent Girand Auber de la Roziere de St. Andant de l' Esperance and de la Loche spent great sums of Money The English also are not much inferior to them in their Counties The English Plantations in this Island Their Churches are five in all first on the Point of the Palm-Tree stands a fair Church a second near the great Road below the English Governor's House a third at the Sandy Point which are all well built and large enough for a considerable Congregation the other two at the Inlet Cayoune are short of the three first The Ministers thereof receiv'd formerly their Benefices from the Bishop of Canterbury in Cromwell's time from the Tryers as they were call'd but of late since the King's Restauration from the Bishop of Canterbury again The best Houses belonging to the English were built by Mr. Warner Mr. Rich Mr. Evrard and Col. Geffreyson all successively Governors of the Place Their success at their first Landing It was in the Year 1625. that the English and French jointly Desnambuc Commanding the French and Thomas Warner the English Landed on this Island of St. Christophers at a certain time when the Caribbeeans perswaded by their Boyez to destroy all Strangers were ready up in Arms but they met with such Entertainment that they soon lost their Courage and yielded possession to the Assailants Not long after which Desnambuc and Warner went the one to Paris and the other to London to inform their Kings of the Condition of St. Christophers and to raise a Company which might promote the Planting of it Both attain'd their Desires and had fresh Assistance given them for both Kings favor'd the Design in regard of the good Conditions that were propos'd to those that should go Undertakers thither And to prevent all Contentions between the English and French they made Boundaries on each side but Hunting Harbors Fishing Mines Trees for Wainscoting and the like were to remain in common and each was to assist the other The English Plantation increased daily more than the French having constant Supplies from the Company in London when as on the contrary the Merchants at Paris grew weary being desirous first to have a Return for what they had already spent though the Countrey was not yet Manur'd wherefore Desnambuc going thither himself made the Company understand that they could not possibly expect to receive a Return unless the Countrey were Planted with Tobacco Indigo Ginger and Sugar which requir'd both Time and People But whilst the Business seem'd to go on prosperously a great Accident hapned which threw down the Work to nothing for the Spanish King set out a Fleet within the fore-mention'd Year of one and thirty Gallions three Galeasses and four Pinnaces with seventy five hundred Men under the Command of Frederick de Toledo Emanuel de Mineses and John Fajardo from Cadiz when before the Island St. Jago there lay at the same time twenty two Portuguese Galleys fourteen Carvils carrying four thousand Men Commanded by Antonio Nunnez Barreio and Francisco de Almeida who joyning with the Spaniards took the City St. Salvador and went about wholly to chase out of the Caribbee Isles all the English and French in which Attempt nine English Ships lying before Nevis were all taken by Toledo who Sail'd within Cannon-shot of St. Christophers Commanded at that time by the French Captain Rossey the Forts cast up by the English and French not being stor'd with Provisions nor Ammunition and consequently no way able to endure a Siege and the less because the Works were not quite finish'd nevertheless Desnambuc immediately drew up his Soldiers to the Low-land where he lay Intrench'd along the Coast to prevent the Enemies Landing but Rossey suffer'd the Spaniards to Land without the least Resistance whereupon young Du Parquet Sallying out of the Sconces fell valiantly upon the first Company but being forsaken by his Men was run down by the Multitude and kill'd In the mean time all their Sloops full of Men Landed insomuch that Rossey fearing to be surrounded left his Trench and went up into the High-lands whereby the Spaniards became Masters of the Fort but did not pursue their Victory as suspecting that the French might lie in Ambuscade in the next Wood and indeed they suspected not in vain for the French having undermin'd their Forts had laid Gun-powder in some of the Cellars which firing blew up very many of the Spaniards whilst Desnambuc Embarquing himself sav'd those which were not slain by the Enemy's Sword Mean while the English relying on the League between the King of England and the Spaniard made no Resistance notwithstanding they were inform'd that Frederick Toledo had quite ruin'd the French Plantation and put them all to the Sword but sent Agents to Toledo to put him in mind of the League between Spain and England which he not taking notice of alledg'd That Pope Alexander the Sixth when a Controversie arose concerning the new Discoveries in the East and West between the Crowns of Castile and Portugal had determin'd that Castile had sole Right to the Western World and therefore that St. Christophers being a part of the Western World

mention'd which part at the East end of the City are pass'd over with divers Bridges The narrow Streets are full of Stone Houses built in good Order In several places are Vaulted Cellars under Ground in some of which are buried great Treasures they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothsayers for this sort of People were once in great esteem amongst the Inhabitants who coming from Chili Pasto Bocamores Topona Bombon Charcas Collao Chiachiapoias Conchucos and other Peruvian Countreys receive great benefit from the fresh Water and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City The ancient Places and other stately Structures in Cusco The stately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at several times built in Oren-Cusco being one part of the City are very wonderful the Owners whereof were forc'd by the Ingas to appear at Court at Set-times that so he might prevent all Insurrections Also he caus'd the Children of the prime Lords to be brought up in Cusco under pretence that they might learn the Cuscoan Tongue perfectly in which the Ingas would always be spoken to whenas their Design was to keep them as Hostages in their own Jurisdictions that their Fathers might not rebel by which means it hapned that in most places of Peru which amongst the several Tribes and Principalities had several Languages the Cuscoan Tongue was understood and spoken But the Spaniards who are the present Possessors thereof have alter'd and repair'd most of the ordinary Houses which are now neatly built of Stone Above all the old Structures the Palace of the Ingas and the Temple of the Sun are the most magnificent the Palace lies inclos'd within a square quadruple Wall each corner whereof is adorn'd and strengthned with a Tower The Palace it self is built round and with Arches but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder is to see how the Stones which are so big that forty Horses are notable to stir one of them out of its place were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders from the neighboring Mountains for the Peruvians never made use of any laboring Beast except their Sheep Pacos not knowing the use of Horses Camels Oxen Elephants or the like before the Spaniards coming thither The Halls within the Palace were Wainscoted with Golden Plates yet the Inga's Apparel was not answerable to the rest of his Pomp for in stead of a Crown they bound their Heads about with a red woollen Sash with which they almost cover'd their Eyes at the end of the Sash hung certain Ribbands which they gave the Governor as occasion offer'd that by this Sign as by a Commission they might exercise their Offices the sight of which String caus'd such Obedience that if the Inga had commanded the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themselves none durst deny The Inga was generally carried by a hundred of his Noble-men of whom if any one had accidentally chanc'd to stumble he was immediately put to death No man durst presume to look him in the Face or speak to him without a Present The Temple Curicanche The Temple Curicanche Dedicated to the Sun was certainly the most rich and sumptuous that ever the World boasted it being Govern'd by the Chief Priest Villanoa The Inga Guainacava spent an invaluable Treasure in the building of this Structure for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of massie Gold and Silver At his return home from the Conquest of the Province of Quito from whence the Inhabitants according to an antient Custom of the Ingas were carried to one of the remotest Countreys in Peru. But Guainacava enamor'd of a Quitoan Maid staid a considerable time in the City Quito and kept a splendid Wedding at the Marriage of his Bride who bare unto him the famous Attabaliba whom he lov'd beyond all his other Children and a little before his death made him King of Quito But Huascar after Guainacava's Decease would not suffer his Brother to live in the late conquer'd Kingdom of Quito A cruel Battel between two Brothers but gave him Battel in the Plain of Tomebamba which lasted three days and three Nights and after much Blood-shed Attabaliba being defeated was taken Prisoner and not long after making his Escape by the help of an antient Woman whilest Huascar's Commanders and Soldiers rejoyc'd with Cups full of Chica for their gotten Victory he made his Subjects in Quito believe that he being transform'd into a Serpent crept through a little Hole out of the Prison and that he had a Promise from Heaven to obtain Conquest over Huascar which being believ'd stirr'd up all his Subjects to take up Arms and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy whom they not onely defeated but took Huascar Prisoner Huscar being destroy'd by Attabaliba and Attabaliba by Pizarro Mango Inga their youngest Brother took the Government upon him made continual Sallies upon the Spaniards from inaccessible Mountains and at his Decease left the remaining part of Peru to his Son Zaires Topa Zaires the Son of Mango Inga submit● to the Spaniards who seeing no good to be done by force of Arms submitted himself freely to the King of Spain's Jurisdiction in the Year 1557. since which the Spaniards have been sole Masters There are at this day four great Churches in Cusco Also the Dominicans Franciscans Augustines and the Monks De la Merced have each of them stately Cloysters here but the Jesuits Structure exceeds all the other Above forty thousand Peruvians pay annual Tribute to this City In the Valley about the City feed abundance of Cattel also Wheat and all manner of Herbs grow here in great plenty The Gold and Silver-Mines have not that resort which they had formerly most of the Workmen being remov'd to Potosi Concerning the Service which they perform'd in the fore-mention'd Temple of the Sun and their superstitious Opinions about their Idol Con they are much of the same ridiculous nature with what hath been already Discours'd of in other places Five Leagues Southwardly from Cusco lies the Valley Yucay between high snowy Mountains under a temperate Climate and pleasant Soil Not far from hence the Ingas built a most invincible Castle on a Rock which was surrounded with many cliffy Walls one above another these Walls were also Carv'd with Images of Lyons Tygers and other wild Beasts which held Lances in their Paws the ●op of the Rock was crown'd with a Royal Structure built of Stone through which ran Golden Veins joyn'd together with a certain Gum by some call'd Jews-Lime To the Province of Condesuyo belong the valiant People Chumbibalcas and Ubinas In the County Pomatambo they make Carpets of fine Wooll curiously Painted 8. The City Francisco de Vittoria which lies in the rough Valley Vilcabamba and is inclos'd by the Mountains Andes belonging to the Jurisdiction of the Province Andesuyo 9. The Village Juan del Oro which is the chief Place of the Countrey Caravaya and so call'd by the Spaniards

Reciffa to burn the Place as also all manner of Provision and Ammunition Whilest this Design of the Portuguese fell out so unfortunately being discover'd to Ceulen by a Renegado the Hollanders at Reciffa receiv'd two Companies from their Regiment at the Puntael and a considerable number of Men rais'd in Holland by the West-India Company Ceulen and Byma thus supply'd went continually out in Parties burnt in view of the Garrison in Arryal the Sugar-Mills belonging to Francisco Montero and Lewis Ramires and were inform'd by five Italian Renegado's That there were not three hundred Men in Garrison in Arryal which so encourag'd Byma Byma attempts the taking of Real but without success that he resolving to fall upon the same march'd thither in the Night with a thousand Men from Reciffa and by Day-break shot sixteen Granado's from a neighboring Hill of which seven fell into Arryal but did little Execution besides the Strength of the Place was such and the number of Men so considerable that his Design had no other success than that a Hand-granado falling short amongst the Houses before the Fort set fire on them and in a short time burnt a whole Street with rich Shops and the Habitations of the Italians The Portuguese at the Puntael being inform'd that Byma had Besieg'd Arryal with a thousand Men judg'd that most of the Hollanders were gone thither from the Puntael which they were the apter to believe because the Hollanders coming but little abroad stay'd within their Redoubts which Lichthart had joyn'd to a Battery wherefore they made another Attempt with a hundred and twenty Men on the Puntael but a Carvel with two Brass Guns and a Company of Soldiers lying at Anchor near the Place by which the Portuguese were to pass and they not expecting to meet with any resistance there they were as soon as they approached the Carvel fir'd upon by the Hollanders who killing several of their Men so affrighted them that they return'd without making any farther Attempt Overtures of Peace from the Portuguese Whilest every day more and more Prizes were taken by the Hollanders and brought into Reciffa and fresh Supplies sent them from Holland there began to be some Overtures of Peace from the Portuguese wherein also the King of Spain by reason of the several Damages he had sustain'd from the Dutch began to concern himself and to menace them with the great Forces he was able to raise by reason of the late safe arrival of two rich Plate-Fleets if they came not to reasonable Terms But answer was return'd from Byma That if they were minded to Treat about giving of Quarter or any such like Point in difference between them they should find him ready but that the West-India Company would never resign those Places taken in Brasile with the Sword either for Money or Goods but would defend them to the utmost of their Power The Hollanders also chang'd the Names of several Places taken from the Portuguese for the Castle near the Promontory St. Augustine was call'd Gysseling the Town on Tamarica Schuppen-stadt the Fort at the Afogados Prince William and the Puntael The Fortress Vander Dussen Ceulen and Gysseling return home Notwithstanding the Requests of the States of the Netherlands and West-India Company to the Commissioners Ceulen and Gysseling to stay longer in the West-Indies yet they prepar'd for their Voyage home and the speedier because they expected great scarcity of Provisions unless a sudden Supply came from Holland During their two years Government here they had taken five thousand five hundred and nineteen Chests of Sugar a hundred fifty nine thousand nine hundred thirty and nine Pound of Brasile Wood one and thirty Ships laden with several Goods which amounted to 230000 l. besides the value of the Ships and Guns the taken Forts destroy'd Sugar-Mills and other Buildings They left at their going away above four thousand Soldiers divided into thirty two Companies to guard Brasile under the Command of Schuppe and Arcisseusky and carry'd with them a hundred Soldiers besides one and fifty sick and maimed Moreover thirty two Sail of Ships Mann'd with a thousand and eighty seven Seamen Jandur's great Service to the Netherlanders were order'd to Cruise up and down before the Coast of Brasile besides four Ketches before the Promontory of St. Augustine and six Ships in the Haven of Pernambuco After Ceulen and Gysseling had set Sail for Holland divers Prizes were brought into Reciffa as also several Ships arriv'd there from the Texel and the Maes The Hollanders went out continually in Parties whilest Schuppe and Lichthart set Sail also with eight Ships Mann'd with six Companies of Soldiers besides Seamen to plunder and pillage all the Havens to the South where several Portuguese Vessels lay laden with Sugar But Janduy who with his Subjects the Tapuyans joyn'd with the Governor Garstman kill'd at one time thirty seven Portugueses and not long after two hundred and sixty more taking his leave of Garstman went home with six Hollanders leaving his Son the young Janduy and his Brother Caracara together with his Nephew Copun to his care Janduy made it his Business to perswade the adjacent Tapuyans to joyn their Forces with his and so by the Hollanders assistance to fall upon the Portuguese Mean while the young Janduy and Copun went to Reciffa which was the rather permitted that they might be able to damp the Reports which the Portuguese had spread amongst the Tapuyans viz. That the Hollanders were very ill provided and therefore made all possible Preparations to defend Reciffa and consequently the whole Countrey of Brasile and so leave those Tapuyans that joyn'd with them to the mercy of the Spaniards Ambassadors sent to consult with him about carrying on their Designs Not long after were dispatch'd from thence the Councellors Jacob Stackhower and Colonel Arcisseusky with the Interpreter Antonio Parapoavo to Treat with Janduy about the Design which they had upon the Portuguese and also what Advantages he should receive if he would assist the West-India Company with his Forces whenever he should be sent to His Power Enemies and Allies King Janduy bore Command over sixteen hundred Men whose Wives carry'd their Hammocks after them to sleep on in the Night having no setled Habitations but ranging in Parties up and down from place to place to get their Food the young People went commonly along with Beretiawa and the old with Janduy round about whose Countrey dwelt the poor Natives Aciki as also Juckerijou Ocioneciou Pajoke and Aponorijou the first are Commanded by King Coctaculy the second by Marakou a Friend of the Portugueses the third by Nonhu the fourth by Kidoa and the last by Jarepo which two last are no way inferior in Power to Janduy but the others much weaker Four sorts of People continually Warr'd against Janduy viz the Jenho who live so far up in the Countrey that no Christians ever came to the knowledge of them the other three

Soldier who ran away first Yet notwithstanding this base and cowardly Retreat it was resolv'd on to set upon Olinda and the Promontory St. Augustine and at the same time Hinderson was sent to make himself Master of Rio Francisco with fifteen hundred Men and to harrase all the Countrey thereabouts with Fire and Sword that so he might force the Portuguese to leave Reciffa Revolt of the Tapuyans Though John Dary King of the Tapuyans seem'd well enough contented with the punishment of Garstman yet a great Party of his Subjects were not satisfi'd but went and joyn'd with the Portuguese because Garstman had not been deliver'd to them in Siara where they kill'd all the Netherlanders they could meet with and sent Presents to their King Dary if possible to oblige him to joyn with the Portuguese But he reply'd That he had more reason to punish them for their ill usage of the Inhabitants in Siara than to have any thing to do with the Portuguese The Council inform'd hereof sent the Interpreter Ralph Baron who had a long time Convers'd with the Tapuyans with a Present of Axes Knives Looking-glasses Shirts Combs and the like Trifles to King Dary desiring him to continue his former kindness towards the Hollanders which Dary promis'd provided he might receive Assistance from Reciffa against those whom he had made his Enemies for the Netherlanders sake which Baron promis'd should be done as soon as the fresh Forces which were daily expected from the Texel Maes and Zealand came to Brasile The Fort of Rio Grande taken by Hinderson Hinderson Landing at Rio Grande took the Fort without firing a Gun the Portuguese at his first coming flying into the Woods He found here abundance of Cattel for no place in the World breeds more than this several Husbandmen having fifteen thousand Head of Beasts of which many were taken to supply the want of Provisions at Reciffa As soon as he had taken the Fort he caus'd it to be pull'd down to the Ground because it stood in an inconvenient place and immediately rais'd another which was much better to be defended by reason of the rising Ground but he could neither bring that Work nor any other Design to any perfection because of the treachery of his Soldiers who being most of them Roman-Catholicks were so inclin'd to the Portuguese Interest that they daily more and more deserted the Companies Service and gave Intelligence to the Enemy of their Transactions Amongst others an Antwerper was apprehended for an Intelligencer and being Hang'd on a Gibbet fell three times one after another on his Feet the Halter breaking like a burnt Thred which gave him so many times of respit and opportunity of supplicating for Life but his Crime was too hainous to admit of Pardon Mean while the fled Portugueses being supply'd with fresh Supplies from all Places especially from St. Salvador to the number of twelve hundred Men they kiil'd the Out-watches consisting of twenty Men The next Sentinel being warn'd by the noise alarm'd the new Fort which was scarce finish'd because a mighty Shower of Rain had wash'd away the Walls Capt. Montague over-power'd by the Enemy and slain Hinderson being wounded in the Leg sent Captain Montagne against the Enemy of whose Power he was sensible yet going to the place where the Watch that was kill'd had kept their Station he met with two hundred Portugueses divided into three Companies and drawn out for Battel who running away were pursu'd by Montagne till coming up to their Regimeat which consisted in all of a thousand Men divided into five Companies they fell on all sides upon Montagne who fighting valiantly was overpower'd and kill'd with three hundred of his Men and almost as many more taken Prisoners amongst whom was the Minister Astette four hundred onely escaping into the Fort where Hinderson stay'd expecting the event of Montagne's Exploits This Defeat spoil'd Schuppe's Design who by his marching to Rio Francisco thought to draw the Enemy from Reciffa but now being forc'd to think of some other way he thought it convenient to invade St. Salvador by Sea as the Enemy had done Reciffa by Land Wherefore Hinderson receiv'd order to stay with six hundred Men being all that were left of fifteen hundred on Rio Grande whither a Barque with Provisions being sent was taken and the Men in cool Blood kiil'd by the Portuguese A pitiful Example of a young Soldiers Execution Amongst others there hapned a sad Accident of a young Soldier scarce sixteen years old and born at Roan who having robb'd his Father's Cash went in a Ship to Holland where he lavishly spending the Money was forc'd at last to List himself in the West-India Companies Service and coming with the fore-mention'd Fleet to Reciffa endeavor'd with two Companies to run to the Portuguese but overtaken was Try'd for the Fact and Condemn'd to be Hang'd for none of his Excuses which he made of going over the River onely to fetch some Oranges and Lemmons to refresh himself would save him nor his protesting that he had no intention of going to the Enemy nor the Promise that his Father should release him for ten thousand Crowns nor his Minority which ought chiefly to have been consider'd but that Necessity stopt the Ears of the Compassionate so that his Execution drew pity from the Beholders a few Weeks after A notable Passage of a Portuguese Executed for Treason A very astonishing Passage hapned at Reciffa upon another Sentence of Death pronounc'd against a Portuguese who after the publication of the Act of Pardon came to Reciffa and there hir'd a Seaman for two hundred Crowns to carry a Letter made up in a Leaden Box to the Governor of the Promontory of St. Augustine with order that if he was set upon any where he should throw the Box into the Water The Letter written in strange Characters contain'd a Declaration of the small number of Men in Reciffa most of the Netherlanders Forces lying on the Island Taperica so that if Reciffa were Storm'd along the Bank and from Maurice-stadt it might easily be taken This Letter being intercepted the Portuguese was taken and Condemn'd and as he was carrying to the Place of Execution cry'd aloud You People take delight in my Death but you shall be interrupted and indeed it hapned accordingly for when the Executioner began to scorch the half-strangled Criminal with Straw there sprung up a strange Spirit of Contention amongst the Spectators who began to justle and strike one another and soon after a Whirlwind rose in the midst of the Market-place which in a moment caus'd them all to stagger like drunken People their Hats and Caps were blown up into the Air the whole multitude tumbling confusedly on the Ground the Arm'd Soldiers flying to the next Houses and the Executioner falling down in a Trance from the Scaffold A full quarter of an hour this Confusion had lasted when the People came to themselves again and the