shot over doing us no great hurt in the end our Cannon leaving shooting his Majestie sent orders to set a partie of two hundred Musketiers a-shoare we that were Officers met together in the Admirall shippe and agreed to command out the partie and having cast Lots it fell on the Dutch they suspecting the danger delayed deâ—iring the rest to command out alike which we refused seeing the Lot had falne upon them except his Majestie would give a second command for it thus contesting we goe together towards his Majestie to know his Majesties further resolution and we shew his Majestie of the Dutches delay on whom the Lot had falne his Majestie considering better resolved the partie should be commanded proportionally of all Nations alike and to cast Lots who should send a Captaine to command them the lot falling upon the English they command a Lievetenant that supplied the place of his Captaine in his absence the partie made ready were sent from his Majesties Ship ashoare being twelve Musketiers in every Boate with their Muskets in readinesse the enemy perceiving them coming gives a Salve of a thousand shot amongst them twice before their landing so that the halfe of them were killed yet the Lievetenant valourously led on the rest and begins the fight ashoare and continues the skirmish hot on both sides for one halfe houre till the most part of our partie were killed their powder spent and perceiving no reliefe was to come his Majestie having considered the danger the reliefe though in readinesse was stayd The Lievetenant being the last man retired with credit being thrice shot did come off and died the next night A Sergeant of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Compaâ—y called Mac-Clawde an old expert Souldier and a diligent sonne to Neale Mac-Clawde was killed and twenty-two Souldiers of the thirtie that I commanded out of our Regiment the rest being wounded for fault of Boates came swimming in their cloathes to his Majesties Ship and were taken in The partie thus lost the enemy begunne to thunder amongst our Fleete with two halfe Cartowes and six Sling-pieces where leaving our Anchors he was thought the best Master that had his Ship first under saile His Majesties Ship being the last was twice shot through and two Constables were shot in two in the waste Thus forced to retire with great losse we hold on our course towards the Isle of Feamer againe The thirteenth Observation IN time of this hot service no man could perceive any alteration in the majestie of this King his Royall face but rather seemed notwithstanding of his losse as it were triumphing over his enemies and comforting others most graciously said We ought not to be astonished when things happeâ— unto us beyond our expectation and that which was more esteemed as a God amongst the Pagans was extraordinarily changeable sometimes taking part with one and sometimes with another In a word this Magnanimous King did abate nothing of his former courage or of his gravitie So that his very enemies if they had seene him at so neere a distance as I did they could not but have humbly reverenced his Majestie for his magnificke stature higher than any ordinary man by the head yet ashamed he was to stoope for a Cannon Bullet when they flew thickest And for the accomplishment of his vertues Nature hath given him an extraordinary rich Presence to wit a face as manly as possible may be seene worthy of a great King wâ—ll mixt in complexion his eyes flaming and shining full of courage his beard browne his nose Aquiline or Emperiall his voice manly winning the hearts of those that see or heare him in effect A Royall King full of assurance without any feare at all in respect of man yet full of Majestie amiable to his friends and terrible to his enemies Here then we may see that it is the LORD that Guards and keepes Kings and Princes from imminent dangers that environ them whereof Histories both ancient and moderne are full of examples of the miraculous deliverance of great personages from dangers One notable Story I will bring to confirme this divine protection in saving Titus sonne to Vespasian appointed for the ruining of Ierusalem to subdue and punish the Iewes Flavius Ioseph in his sixt booke and second Chapter of the Warres of the Iewes records of him that before the siege was layd to the Towne of minde to recognize he fell unawares amongst an Ambushcade of his enemies where then it was knowne as much as ever that it is the LORD who disposeth of the moments of warre and of the life of Kings for though Titus had no head-piece nor Corslet on his backe having not gone to fight but to recognize of an infinite number of shot shot at him none touched him though many were shot behind him those darts shot aside at him he rebated them with his sword and those shot low he made his horse skip to eschew them The Iewes perceiving his resolution made great noise exhorting one another to runne at him and to follow him where ever he went A rare example of a rare deliverance where we see that he is well guarded whom the Lord keepes Here also we may see what difference there is betwixt Commanders he in Feamer shewed himselfe no Souldier neither yet the Captaine in Aickleford but this brave fellow that commanded in Keele preserved himselfe and others and that with credit where we see that where wisedome and valour doe meet oft-times the successe is answerable and a mans discretion is seene when he abides a fit occasion as this brave fellow did where I finde alwayes that those are the best Commanders that are resolute and remisse not hunting before he sees his prey and then with advantage if he would catch Here also experience deare bought did teach us that it is better in commanding men on exployts to command them proportionally out of divers Regiments than to command them all out of one which were to undoe a Regiment and we see often that the examples of the noble carriage of Officers doe much animate and encourage their followers to well-doing and it is a comely thing for the servant of the publique to teach by example which makes his fame live after death as this worthy English Cavalier did especially being in the publique view of the King his Master hiâ— Camerades and his enemies carrying their Characters from service as the marks of his valour without fainting though wounded to death Here also our Scottish High-land-men are prayse-worthy who for lacke of Boats made use of their vertue and courage in swimming the Seas notwithstanding of their wounds with their cloathes shewing their Masters they were not the first came off but with the last following the example of their Leader they would not stay to be Prisoners as many doe at such times and never returne I did also observe after this dayes service an alteration in the common Souldiers behaviour while as before we were to send out a partie
maintained it couragiously repelling the enemies valour with resolution built on vertue and love of credit so that they made their enemie with great losse to be frustrate of his hoped for victory finding the valour of the Scots tempered with constant resolution and vigorous spirits his fury was made to setle by little and little till at last resolution the strong Armour of the descreete Souldier prevailed against all the shuffles and cries of the enemy and the defender seeing the storme past and the tempest cease he laughes and smiles with as much honour quiet and safety as before he suffered toyle griefe or injury Here we see the use of treaty and still-stand or truce ordained of Policy that every man may presse to winne his owne aymes The Souldiers that in six weekes before were wounding and killing one another are now coming and discoursing together as friends where I did remarke and observe that it is much easier to be reconciled with an enemy then to conquer him Now in time of these still-stands by discourse they presse to finde out one anothers actions and to observe one anothers faults and excursions treasuring up against the day of advantage for the confounding of one another at their first out-falling and like the Crocodile they slime one at others way to make one another fall coming in occasions againe and therefore it was the answere that Seneca gave unto himselfe when he asked Quid est homini inimicissimum he answered Alter homo Our enemies studies are the plots of our ruine leaving nothing unattempted which may induce our dammage and the danger is ever most when we see it not Yet I thinke he that can be a worthy enemy can reconciled be a worthy friend and he that in a just cause can fight against us can likewise in the like cause being reconciled fight with us and if he be unworthy reconcile him too if it were but to be freed of his scandalous tongue and that also will be worth thy labour and he that upon good termes refuseth reconcilement may be stubborne but not valiant nor wise for he that wilfully continues an enemy teacheth his enemy to do him a mischiefe if he can and that endeavour is well spent that unmaskes an enemy or makes a friend for as the one begets a treasure the other it may be raiseth a siege and that man is wise that is kinde to his friends and sharpe to his enemies but he is wiser that can entertaine his friends in love and make his enemies like them as our Nation did here at Trailesound in keeping their Masters love to the best for their loyalty and in making their enemies thinke well of them and love them for their brave carriage and valour Likewise I did observe here the benefit that ariseth to a Kingdome City or State through a good Government and what a blessing it was to a Towne perplexed as this was to get a good wise vertuous and valiant Governour in time of their greatest trouble which shewes that we are govern'd by a power above us for oftimes that which we desire or feare doth seldome happen This City having feared the Emperours tyranny to come over them desired the King of Denmark as their protector yet God by his providence gave them another to wit the invincible King of Sweden who provided them an able Governour in their greatest neede to wit Sr. Alexander Lesly who immediatly after his entry tooke the command upon him keeping both the Dane their Souldiers and the Burgars under his command and direction as worthy of his authority flowing from the King his Master of most famous and of never dying memory it faring then with Trailesound as with Sara she became fruitfull when she could not believe it and they became flourishing having gotten a Scots Governour to protect them whom they looked not for which was a good Omen unto them to get a Governour of the Nation that was never conquered which made them the onely Towne in Germany free as yet from the Emperiall yoake by the valour of our Nation that defended their City in their greatest danger To conclude then for the love I beare to the Crowne that doth protect them knowing their dispositions by experience to be froward factious and proud having as yet some Wolves amongst them that the folde may be quiet let the factious heads be made higher by a pole than their bodies cutting off the tumultuous whereby their Governour by a majesticke awe may keepe the rest in a strict subjection lest slacknesse and connivence may undermine an unsetled Government for it is no crueltie to denie false men libertie that are so infected though there be some honest men amongst them let them serve their Governour and let him beare the sway as becomes the dignitie of the place that having once wonne the field he may be sure to keepe it for though I hate the evill people for their former unthankfulnesse to our Souldiers and Nation yet the love I beare to their Protector and Governour makes me thus plaine whose happinesse I wish to endure while there remaineth a stone in the Citie and his fame eternally The nineteenth Dutie discharged of the out-fall made by Spynies Regiment and of their Retreate made good by Captaine Mac-Kenyee THE treatie dissolved the new supply being come out of Denmarke Sir Alexander Leslie being made Governour he resolved for the credit of his Country-men to make an out-fall upon the Enemy and desirous to conferre the credit on his owne Nation alone being his fiâ—st Essay in that Citie And therefore made choice of Spynies Regiment being their first service to make the out-fall ordaining Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the remainder of our Regiment in the Lievetenant Colonell his absence to second them for making good of their retreate My Lord Spynie being present with his Regiment consisting of brave and valourous Officers being all worthy Cavaliers of noble descent and of good families having action valour and breeding answerable to their charges they were desirous to gaine honour and credit against a powerfull enemy with whom they were to be ingaged they went on with boldnesse and confident resolution and falling into the enemies workes they forced the enemy to retire and to give ground even to the body of their Armie And delighting in the shedding of their enemies bloud who had shed so much of their Country bloud before they pursued them hard following them unto their maine reserve or battell where they seazed on their Cannon but the enemy being too strong and his forces still augmenting they were made to retire with the losse of some brave Cavaliers especially the losse of Sir Iohn Hume of Aiton the first Captaine of the Regiment who after many bloudy wounds received was taken prisoner being a brave resolute Cavalier of good carriage and moderation in all his actions who after died of his wounds with the enemy being a prisoner long and was much lamented of all that knew him
travell in his body for the safetie of his people is commendable Page 59 Letter D. L. Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse dyed in Holstein Page 1 Letter A. A Leaders dutie set downe at large Page 8 Letter G. Lievetenant Martin killed at Bisenburg-Skonce Page 11 Letter I. Lievetenant Hugh Rosse having lost his leg wished he had a woodden Leg. Page 17 Letter P. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton shot at Ouldenburg Page 18 Letter Q. A Lievetenant and thirteen Souldiers killed with one shot of Cannon Page 6. Letter K. The Love of horses wonderfull to their Masters Page 30 Letter C. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton commended for keeping strict Discipline Page 66 Letter L. Lindesey of Bainshow a valorous Cavalier received three dangerous wounds at Trailsound Page 78 Letter C. Lievetenant Lumsdell in time of hot service desired Colonell Holk being retiring to stay and to see if the Scots durst fight Page 79 Letter D. M. Major Dumbar his custome commendable going on service Page 40 Letter L. The Majestie of a King ought never to be denyed by his subjects in things indifferent Page 1 Letter A. Major Wilson his over-sight in making his Accord lost his Colours Page 12 Letter K. The meanest things doe helpe against the Enemy as the casting of sand and Bee-hives Page 13 Letter L. Murdo Poulson killed at Ouldenburg by the Cannon Page 18 Letter Q. Mutiny should ever be detestable in all estates as amongst Souldiers Page 48 Letter W. The multitude tumultuous hath more changes than the deepe Sea in a tempest hath waves Page 24 Letter X. The Makelesse the Sweden Ship by report did carry two hundred pieces of Ordnance Page 56 Letter C. No Menagrie comparable to that which spares the lives of men Page 63 Letter G. N. A Nation being enemies to vice and glad in their povertie they may haply remaine unconquered Page 72 Letter S. O. Officers are well rewarded when their followers are well disciplined Page 37 Letter H. The opinion Subjects doe conceive of their Princes care in the conservation of his Kingdome moves them to obedience Page 43 Letter P. Officers by their noble carriage and good example dot often encourage their followers to well-doing Page 55 Letter B. Officers ought never out of ostentation to make choice of a weake Poste to defend as Seaton did at Trailsound Page 62 Letter F. Officers or Souldiers that preferre their safetie before the reliefe of their Camerades may be justly called simple Page 72 Letter S. P. The Propertiâ—s of a valiant Souldier Page 72 Letter S. Poule Leaguer called the Flesh-Leaguer where a great Oxe-hide was sold for a Can of Beere Page 15 Letter N. The publique State being ruin'd he that lives at ease for his particular shall not escape from being ruin'd Page 59 Letter D. Panick feare entering into Towne Strength or Armie is most dangerous in the night Page 73 Letter W. Our Piety towards God and our reputation amongst men are the two things we ought to respect so long as we live Page 75 Letter Y. Pittie never shines more cleerely than when shee is clad in steele Page 53 Letter Z. A Pigeon carrying a Letter unto a beleaguered Towne taken and let loose Page 71 Letter Q. R. Resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare Page 3 Letter B. A Roman Captaine did tremble being victorious Page 16 Letter N. Our Regiment was beholding to Duke Barnard of Wymar Page 19 Letter R. A Reliefe in time is the most comfortable thing can come to a Souldier in time of hot service Page 23 Letter W. The Roman Empire too little for a possession for the Prince Elector Palatine Page 37 Letter I. Ravishers were punished with the losse of life and goods Page 44 Letter Q. Remedies to hinder men from vice Page 44 Letter R. Rutmaster Hoome and his Camerades helped to make the Scots retreat safe at Volgast Page 80 Letter F. S. Scots readiest of all Nations to take a true Alarum Page 7 Letter F. A Scots Suttler punished by Bees for his long stay Page 10 Letter H. The Scots at Bisenberg resisted well the Storme Page 11 Letter I. Souldiers of all professions should looke nearest to credit Page 14 Letter M. Sinâ—wes are added to the vertuous mind by noble actions and every one shall smell of that he is busied in Page 46 Letter T. Scots Highland-men before Keel in necesâ—itie made use of their swimming though wounded in their Clothes Page 55 Letter B. Scots and English in forraine warre ever good seconds Page 60 Letter E. A Souldier at Trailsound made a prettie reply to his Camerade being jeering Page 65 Letter I. A Story notable of a Dragon and a Lyon Page 66 Letter L. Sergeant Mackey and seven more killed in one night at Trailsound being all of our Regiment Page 68 Letter M. A Stratagem whereby the Boores in Scotland made the English Horses to breake loose Page 70 Letter Q. Seven hundred and threescore Shot of Cannon in one day were shot upon Frankendore in Trailsound Page 71 Letter R. Spiney's Regiment entered into Trailsound Page 74 Letter X. Souldiers are in policie like to the Crocodile for to make one another to fall they sâ—â—me the wayes Page 76 Letter Sir Alexaâ—der Lesly being made Governour of Trailsound conferred the credit of the first out-fall on Spiney's Regiment Page 78 Letter C. Sir Iohn Hume of Ayton being pittifully wounded was taken prisoner and dyeâ— with the Enemy Page 78 Letter C. A Servant that doth endanger his owne life for the reliefe of his Master testifies his true service as Mackenyee did Page 81 Letter G. Sufferance in a noble manner begets love as Henry Lindesey dyed at Wolgast Page 80 Letter T. T. Treatie or Still-stand the use of it Page 76 Letter Trailsound became flourishing by their hopes having got Sir Alexander Lesly for their Governour Page 77 Letter B. V. Vertue and wisedome are the best guards of safetie Page 42 Letter M. VV. The Watch on the Elve surprised Page 24 Letter X. Wounds gotten with credit are the best tokens of courage in a Souldier Page 23 Letter W. Women are forbidden to shed teares for their children that dyed standing serving the Publique Page 26 Letter Z. The wise man is onely the cunningest Fencer Page 42 Letter N. Watch in beleaguered places is the maine point to be looked unto Page 64 Letter H. In Warres Summum Ins is found to be Summa Injuria Page 64 Letter H. Walestein his pride was great when he caused to kill the hurt Officers retired with slight wounds Page 69 Letter O. A worthy Enemy reconciled can be a worthy Friend Page 77 Letter A. That man is wise that is kinde to his Friend and sharpe to his Enemy but he is wiser that can entertaine his Friend in love and make his Enemy like him Page 77 Letter A. THE LIST OF THE SCOTTISH OFFICERS IN CHIEFE CALLED the Officers of the Field that served his Majesty of Sweden Anno 1632. THE Marquesse
Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Generall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of the whole united body of the Army following the example of their head and Leader the magnifick and Magnanimous King for to abate and lay downe the pride of the house of Austria and for to teare and strip naked that old proud and Ambitious Generall Tillie of his former glory and honour for having bragged and vainely gloried he had conquered two Kings before here now the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines doth victoriously Triumph having robbed him of glory and clipped the wings of the Empire with his little Royall Army Likewise next unto God a second helpe unto this glorious victory was the great execution made by his Majesties Cannon and though ever before Tillie did pride himselfe all his life time in the course of the warres in his dexterity of his great Cannon here from a Master he was turned againe unto a prentice being cunningly over shot with Cannon so that his Cannon and three score waggons belonging thereto were taken from him by Gustavus the first and most valiant Captaine of the world with the helpe of the nation which was never conquered by any forraine enemy the invincible Scots whose prayers to God were more effectuall through Christ then theirs through the intercession of Saints The third cause of this glorious victory was his Majesties good discipline houlden over the Army horse and foote not suffering them without great and extraordinary punishment to oppresse the poore which made them cry for a blessing to his Majesty and his Army The enemy on the contrary provoked the wrath of God against themselves and their Army for their cruelty used in torturing the poore and forceing their monies from them did further their punishment and his Majesties glorious victory The fourth helpe to this victory was the plottons of Musketiers his Majesty had very wisely ordained to attend the horsemen being a great safety for them and a great prejudice to the enemy the Musket ball carrying and piercing farther then the Pistolet As also the great celerity used in charging and discharging of our small cannon brought the enemies battaiâ—e in disorder to the furtherance of this victory As also the extraordinaâ—â— care and diligence that was used by his Majesty and his Officers in seeing and foreseeing of the defects and disorders amongst our selves which being suddenly remedied was also a helpe to this victory And last of all the invincible courage and resolution both of Officers and souldiers in standing firme Notwithstanding of the fury of their enemies and which was more they were no wayes dismayed or discouraged at the flight of the Saxons but thought it their greatest glory to be victorious without them standing resolutly till they saw the backe of their enemies the undoubted tokens of their glorious victory His Majesties Army on this service as at all times might be called truely valorous for those are called valorous Captaines and holden for such that when their Camerades are flying they notably with hands voice and wounds if wounded sustaine the fight doing at once the duty of Souldiers and of Captaines by those meanes bringing backe and restoring the suspected losse unto victory for their credits For as ignorance doth easily precipitate men into danger even so to a generous heart nothing can seeme difficult or fearefull being once resolved to fall on though towards the mouth of the cannon but before resolution flesh and blood have their owne disturbances
allured and animated to follow the Traces of those worthy Cavaliers mentioned in my Observations of most worthy memories Whereof some from meane condition have risen to supreme honour wealth and dignitie though others perished in the way of preferment for whose sakes my Sword shall be ever ready against the common Enemy that ruined the old and worthy Regiment the memory whereof shall never be forgotten but shall live in spite of time and its vertues and fame be made knowne to all those interessed in the quarrell The example of those brave spirits noble and worthy Reader I hope will allure you to follow their vertues that you may be partaker of their honour for the further credit of our Nation Therefore worthy Reader what you find here if you please like but howsoever remember alwayes to censure sparingly the writings of the shallow-brained Souldier not adorned with eloquent phrase but with truth and simplicitie Plinius saith there was no book so little worth but might be profitable in some things Caesar from his youth had his Observations and the Bee out of the most poysonable herbs suckes the honey Please to reade and thou shalt finde something to delight thee at least thou shalt see my thankfulnesse to my Camerades and Country and examples of frequent mortality to make thy use of And as the starres take light from the Sunne even so from Histories men draw knowledge and wisdome Let me intreate thee therefore when thou wouldest avoide care to looke on those observations and by our examples amend thy life and I shall be glad of thy profit and not envy thy estate If you ask why I wrote these Observations It was because I loved my Camerades If why I published them know it was for my friends and not for the world for which I care not nor for any that is ungrate but those which accept well of this will encourage me betime to take greater paines for their sakes if they view them Farewell EX NAVFRAGIO VICTORIA GENEROSI DOMINI DN ROBERTI MVNRO TRIBVNI MILITARIS EX PROSAPIA BARONVM DE FOVLES ORIVNDI Anno M. D.C.XXX ACcipe Posteritas Scotici miranda Tribuni Quaeque dedit virtus mente sequace tene Vandalicas post quam GUSTAVUS venit in oras Panuâ— in Arctoum quà mare fundit aquas Prussiacis satagens Regi succurrere turmis MUNROUS credit sèque suòsque salo Provehitur spatio haud longo Mox turbine magno Venti adversantes incubuëre mari Fluctibus indomitis jactaâ—â—r Martia pubes Ac perit hostili in littore quassa ratis Attoniâ—â—â— Ductor verbis solatur amicis Et 〈◊〉 ruptà puppe natare quâ—ant Subsidiuâ—â—â—cerae monstrat fragmenta â—arinae Queîs tandem in littus naufraga turba venit Postremos inter remoratur puppe Tribunus Dum salvos socios regiáque arma videt Praemia virtutis mox insperata sequuntur Vt quae passa mari jam meminisse juvet Ipsa sibi virtus pretium mercesque laborum Viribus accrescens quaeque stupenda patrans Magna peracturos terrà quis crederet illos Queîs vestes madidae ac languida membra vado Hos tamen hostilem MUNROUS ductat adurbem Et RUGENVVALDO sumere fraena jubet Infractos animis quum cernit frangitur Hostis Ac properè victus Suedica jussa capit Navem unam perdens urbem lucratur arcem Mercator felix corda movente DEO Hujus in auxilio sperans MUNROIUS Heros Ponere morigeros spémque fidémque docet SCHIFELBENVM URBS ET ARX MARCHIAE BRANDENBVRGICAE A GENEROSO DN ROBERTO MVNRO bene defensae ANNO M. D.C.XXX VIncere praeclarum est sic â—ene parta tueri Plurima MUNROI laus ab utroque venit Vt RUGENVVALDUM rarà virtute subegit Sic SCHIFELBENUM dexteritate tenet Vrbem ipsam linquit nimiùm quia viribus impar Atque Arcem firmat Martta gnava manus Figuntur muros circum justo ordine pali Et nova congeritur gleba ligonis ope Arcto sic spatio firmatur rara caterva Quae diffusa nimis debilitata Foret Hostis adest Vrbe ex mediâ contendit ad Arcem Nam pars exterior tuta palude manet Densis in tenebris satagit conscendere muros Ac ruptis portis mox aperire viam Fallitur ast multùm cauto stratagemate victus Artem cùm tenebras vincere posse videt Vicinis Arci tectis MUNROIUS ignem Subjicit ac properè noctis opaca Fugat Hosticus apparet passim per compita miles Ac denso plumbi tactus ab imbre cadit Pòst alii abscedunt Vrbémque Arcémquerelinquunt Colbergam ut celeres obsidione levent Exstinguit flammas jussa incendia victor Inque dâ—mos reliquas laetus ab Arce redit Solatur Cives Mos hic est Martius inquit Vrbs salva ut maneat pars violanda fuit Discite Ductoris virtus quid provida possit Et grati Proceres pramia ferte Viro. IOANNES NARSSIUS Anastâsii F. Dordraco-Batavus Med. D. ILLVSRTI AC GENEROSO DOMINO DN IOANNI SINGELAIRE COMITIS CATHENESIAE FILIO VICE-TRIBVNO SCOTO Prolibertate Germanica ad Neomarcam in superiore Palatinatu fortiter vitâ defuncto Anno MDcXXXII EPITAPHIVM QVI singulares Lector Heroes amas Specta Iohannis busta Singelairii Prognatus ille Comite Cathenesiae Cum foenore Patri reddidit magnum decus Bellator ingens providus fortis pius Batavo atque Regi militavit Cimbrico Servire dignus maximo tandem Gotho Ductor Tribuno proximus Munroio Vbique terror hostibus carus suis. Cùm Francofurtum quam Viadrus alluit Peteretur armis primus in muris fuit Pòst Lipsianâ clade vicit Tillium Pars magna Procerum quos Polo virtus beat Talis fâ—equenter visus regi intimus Neomarcam ad urbem morte praecoci heu perît Et Dunawerdae membra deposuit sinu Duodetricenis haec ubi annis gesserat Triumphatastris victor hostis ac necis Orbéque memorem Scoticae gentis facit Ioannes Narssius Anastasii F. Dordraco-Batavus Med. D. ILLVSTRI AC GENEROSO DOMINO Dn. ROBERTO MVNRO TRIBVNO MILITARI Epitaphium INgenti clarus ROBERTVS robore MVNRO Qui Baro de Foulles Munroidúmque caput Bina cui Legio peditúmque equitúmque ministra Quam sociat Patriae ac Relligionis amor Lipsiacis postquam certavit gnaviter oris Et passim Austriacis Martia damna dedit Hostili tandem prostratus vulnere multo Vlmiaco liquit membra caduca solo Spiritus exsuperans ingenti robore mortem Heroum in Superis praemia digna capit Discite Germani gratáque evolvite mente Pro vobis fortes quot cecidêre viri Pro vestrâ Heroes quot libertate necantur Gente Caledoniâ Munroidúmque sati IO. NARSSIVS M. D. Ann. 1633. ILLVSTRI AC GENEROSO DOMINO Dn. IOANNI MVNRO TRIBVNO MILITARI Epitaphium HOC recubat tumulo Scoticâ de gente Tribunus IANVS qui MVNRO clarus in Orbe fuit Dicti de Foules illum genuêre Barones Quêis Aquila rugiens dat sua signa Leo. Quorum nunc
we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangue treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Caesar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Indas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 36 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and
them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokeÌ„ but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning downe his necke and shoulders sheweth the desire he had that his Master should leape on him to the great astonishment of Hanniball and his followers We reade also in the warres of Germanie in the yeare 1176 the Dukes of Saxon forced by Armes to submit themselves to the Emperour Henry the fourth giving the Emperour for pledges of their fidelitie two yong Princes Sonnes to a Marquesse which were carefully kept in a Castle that was very strong the Captaine whereof moved by Compassion and wonne by some presents suffered them sometimes to goe abroad to take the ayre and to ride their Horses thereabout The Captaine going a hunting takes these young youths with him the prey found and hunted shee is followed by all not thinking of any other thing The youths spurring hard out of sight follow their course till they come to the River of the Maine where they request a Fisherman to transport them in his little Cane or Boate to Mentz offering him their little scarlet Cloakes for pay The Fisherman helpes them from their Horses and takes them in his Boate and rowes downe the River their Horses swimming after them to Mentz where they and their Horses were graciously welcomed Plinie writes that Horses wept at their Masters deaths and it is recorded that the Horse of Caesar wept foretelling his Masters death and I perswade my selfe the gentle Reader could adde somewhat to this purpose if he listed but thus â—arre to animate Christians to love respect and cherish their Camerades and not to kill and backbite them as too many are too ready to detract from others to adde to themselves a wrong way for honour is compared well to a chaste Maide that will never love them who would ravish her but being courted shee may be moved Here I must not forget that dutie I owe to the remembrance of that worthy young Gentleman Arthur Forbesse Sonne to a worthy Cavalier of famous memory Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse being a worthy valourous sonne descended of a valiant Father This young Gentleman being deadly wounded on service and with hazard brought unto our Ship within two dayes dyed Likewise a Gentleman borne in the Isles of Scotland called Alexander Mac-Worche being wounded in the head and shot in the arme the enemies Horsemen shooting at him with Pistols he leapes from the shoare with his cloathes on notwithstanding those wounds and swimmes to my Cosen Captaine Monro his Boate and being brought in died the next day and was much lamented for of his Camerades as a Gentleman of great hope I did also observe here the inconvenience that happens to many brave Officers and Souldiers given to plundering gathering together a little bootie for spending which brings them commonly into their enemies hands their punishment being farre more grievous than their purchase was delightfull and yet I thinke the Guilt is worse than the punishment To which purpose I will onely here inferre one Story A Pythagorian bought a paire of shooes upon trust the shooe-maker dyes the Philosopher is glad and thinks them gaine but a while after his Conscience touches him and becomes a perpetuall chider he repaires to the house of the dead casts in his money with these words There take thy due thou livest to me though dead to all besides Certainly in my opinion ill gotten gaines are farre worse than losses with preserved honestie These grieve but once the others are continually grating upon our quiet and he diminishes his owne contentment that would adde unto it by unlawfulnesse for looking onely to the beginning he thinkes not of the end But in my opinion if plundering or making of bootie at any time be excusable for a Souldier it is onely in respect of the circumstances Our friends being forced to quit their Countrey and their goods to their enemies before it should inrich the enemy it were not amisse to take it or destroy it either with fire or water before it were profitable to our enemies and in this point onely I doe allow of this bootie making providing it doe not hinder men from the discharge of their duties in time and place otherwise our best goods being impediments to the discharge of our honest dutie in our calling are to be throwne away And for mine owne part a few bookes left by my friends which mine enemy might have burnt was all the bootie that ever I made neither doe I repent me of my neglect in this point having seene many make bootie who had never the happinesse to enjoy it long His Majesties care in fore-seeing the safetie of Denmarke merits praise for by the preservation of Denmarke his Majestie like a skilfull Gamester recovered againe all that he lost Therefore we ought never to grieve for any thing past but for sinne and for that alwayes And he spake well that said He that hath himselfe hath lost nothing The eight Dutie discharged of our Quartring and Mustring in Fune and of the Colonels going for a Recreute unto Scotland HAving happily arrived in Denmarke at Assens in Funland our Colonell goes a shoare to understand of his Majesties will and command and being graciously welcomed is made to dine at his Majesties Table after dinner his Majestie discharging then the dutie of a Generall Quarter-Master who wrote with his own hand the names of the dorpes ordained for our Quarters as also did appoint a faire Hoffe to receive all our wounded and sicke men where they were to be entertained together till they were cured and to that effect his Majestie graciously ordained skilfull Chirurgians diligently to attend them being an hundred and fiftie besides Officers then we got orders to land the Regiment and to draw up in a convenient part till our sicke and wounded were first directed to quarters and then to appoint our Watch viz. two Companies to watch at Assens then having gotten Waggons for transporting of our Colonels baggage and spare Armes the severall Companies Quarters dealt out the Furriers sent before to divide the Quarters every Company led by their owne guids we marched off severally by Companies as our severall wayes did lie unto our Quarters where we had rest for our former toyle and good entertainment for our spare dyet so that in a short time we were all sufficiently refreshed without feare of an enemy Neverthelesse our Watches were duely and orderly kept and relieved â—y course every second night then Orders were given by the Commissaries
by Lawes and if they love and respect their Officers for feare to offend even in their Marches for their Officers credits they will march so orderly with Armes in their Rancks and Files that you would thinke a whole Regiment well disciplined as this was were all but one body and of one motion their eares obeying the command all as one their eyes turning all alike at the first signe given their hands going to execution as one hand giving one stroake yea many stroakes all alike ever readie to strike or hold up as their Commander pleaseth and thus exercised they were that their enemies in all Rancounters could not but duely praise them calling them the Invincible old Regiment which alwayes rancountred with them on all occasions so that Mac-Keyes name was very frequent through the glorious fame of this never-dying Regiment never wrong'd by Fortune in their fame though divers times by their enemies valour they sustained both losse and hurt but would to God we had alwayes met man to man or that our Army had consisted all of such men and such Officers whereof I was the unworthiest If so had beene our conquest had extended so farre as the Romanes of old did extend the limits and borders of their Empire which for my wish I would bestow on the Prince Elector Palatine borne by the Iewel of Europe the Queene of Bohemia his Royall Mother and if it were at my distribution he should have all from the River Euphrates at the East to the Ocean Sea at the West the fertillest part of Africke at the South and the Rhine and the Danube at the North and yet I durst affirme that his Grand-father King IAMES of blessed and never-dying memory might merit a farre greater possession for his Grand-childe the Illustrious Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine and to have an Armie of such men under his command to be avenged on his enemies I would wish their cloathes nor mine owne came never off till his enemies were made his footstoole to tread on or to shew mercie at his Highnesse pleasure And for my wish his Armie should be all of Britaines Dutch and Irish such as Vegetius describeth the Romane Souldiers of old and I as one though unworthiest of a thousand Britaine Officers would undertake to make such brave lads to dwell Summer and Winter in Tents ever in readinesse to fight with our enemies and to endure all incommodities for the credit of such a Master banishing far from him with valiant hands well armed all the craft power and subtiltie that his enemies were able to devise against him And we should for his sake be contented with such allowance as the Emperiall Lawes allow a Souldier being onely so much as might maintaine life or so much as Beasts get that are put to dyet and we should be content to march with such expedition without intermission without quarter or Garrison as neede requireth never staying behinde but alwayes advancing consenting willingly to undergoe correction if we did to the contrary but to march ever orderly in Rancks as the way lay rough or even foule or faire as our Colours and Leaders went before us Never quitting our Rancks but with licence till the cause were wonne or that our Masters Throne were established And if otherwise we went astray we should be content to quit our allowance and if this discipline were not strict enough we should be content to have his Highnesse and Royall Mother restored to doe as our Fathers did coming out of Egypt marching alongst the spacious and wide Desert that our Randezvouz might be appointed and set till we arrived in Cades that is to say in the holy Land where being victorious we should bid our Master farewell and rest with our Fathers The ninth Dutie discharged of Major Dumbarre his Service at Bredenberg THis noble Cavalier of famous and worthy memory having done notable good service at Beysenburg Skonce on the River of the Elve as was formerly set downe at his retiring to Lugstad he was commanded with foure Companies of Scots and certaine Dutch the enemy having falne into Holsten his order was to beset the Castle of Bredenberg being a passe but not strong nor fortified in Forma As I was informed by a valourous little Captaine Captaine William Lumsdell who then was Ensigne to the Major who onely at that time escaped with his life from the fury of the enemy being within the house while as the rest in the fury were put to the sword This Gentleman who informed me was with the Major walking abroad neare to the house at the enemies first approaching so that the enemy unawares did come so neare that they retiring to the Castle had scarce time to draw up the draw-bridge when the enemy with his forces being as was thought ten thousand strong led by Tilley had the house environed on all quarters The enemy sends a Trumpeter summoning to render the place which was refused Whereupon they entred to approach and the Defender resists The service thus begun Comoedian-like ends very Tragically the whole Court and lodgings running with bloud with which the walles and pavement are sprinkled with our Scottish bloud to be viewed and seene to this day To be particular in the discharge of this dutie at large not having seene the service I will not lest I should erre in giving notice unto the world of things I did not know but by report which ordinarily holds not so true as things we have both knowne and seene In this house of Bredenberg there was a great number of men women and children besides the Souldiers that had taken their flight thither as to a place of refuge at the enemies first coming into the land There was also in this house great store of riches belonging to the Lord of the house and to the Fugitives that was brought from the Country The Major valourously defended the place for six dayes untill the time they had approached unto the moate and shot two severall breaches in the wall and being so neare the enemy directed a Drummer unto the Major to see if he would Parle But the Drummer returned with an answer that so long as there was bloud in Dumbarres head that house should never be given over which answer so incensed the enemy against them that they sware if they got the upper hand over them they should all die without quarters Shortly after the answer was returned the Major was shot dead in the head with a fire-lock The rest of the Officers were ashamed to Capitulate for an Accord the Major having refused immediately after Captaine Duncan Forbesse was killed and after him Lievetenant Barbour and then Captaine Carmichell who had no charge there but came by accident to visit his Cameradâ—s before the Enemies coming whose fortune was not to eschew the payment of that debt by longer continuation The Enemy then passing the Moâ—te or Fossey with a generall storme scorned all quarters and being entred cruelly put all to
honourable Accord for in such a case I would choose before I came in my enemies Reverence without Armes rather to fight to the last man and if I chanced to be the last I had rather die being resolved with resolution having Armes in my hands than unawares being unprepared to be knockt downe miserably when I looked not for Death Here I did see the Ingenier that built this Fort who in time of working did oftentimes beate the Boores to make them worke for his crueltie he was most cruelly beaten againe and he running to his Majesties feete for refuge thinking thereby to escape was on his knees crying for mercy so hard pursued by the multitude that before his Majestie he was cruelly beaten dead as the reward of his former tyranny and so would God Here also we see that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guiltie as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie being cruelly beaten by the rascall multitude which should teach all Cavaliers bearing charge at such times to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety or if for pleasure they would looke on they ought to be on their Guard lest being taken for private men they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster as this Cavalier did Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of others Here also we see that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes who are ever good servants but more often cruell Masters It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases peremptorily to see that his accord be kept which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland so we see him carefull of the keeping of it as his conquest by leaving a Governor with a Garrison in it to be his retreate in case of neede out of Holsten We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke accuses under hand the French that did enlarge their territories by Armes and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests but on the contrary did ruine themselves in the end The Emperour Augustus having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them as he travelled to winne them It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany that where he once set his foote he was conquerour there But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice that lost his owne in hope of gaine Examples we have of this at home without warres Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes Totilas King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome in his Harrangue made to his army concluded that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd then to winne it for in conquering oftimes as here the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice That custome of the Turkes is commendable that when he enters into his Chappell the bed man of the Temple going before him cries out aloud that he remember that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice is to be maintained with the like so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers and in all well governed estates For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades and for the benefit of my country I will speake somewhat at large of the fury cruelty and barbarity of the multitude mutinous and superstitious that we may avoid the evill incident thereto I will set downe here my collections on this point which occurred in my observation The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians sayes the people are ungratefull cruell barbarous envious impudent being composed of a Masse of fooles naughty deboist and desperate for all that is spoken by the wise displeases the people that are incensed And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth he answered it was the vulgar opinion for all things they praise merite blame what they thinke is but vanity what they say is but lies they condemne the good and approve the evill and magnifie but infamy And Nicholas Haâ—ap Patriarch of Ierusalem in his booke of the unconstancy of the people hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search or punish the rest knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine there was nothing to follow but mischiefe where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty as witnesse here the Count of Mongomry that ranne the hazard of death being long bedred after his beating without sense or feeling And Thucydide did in his third booke speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill how much it was to be doubted in so much that the Massacre being so cruell that there was no villany left unpractised and such strange things he writes of that the Fathers did suffocate their owne children and those that were runne to the Churches for refuge were cruelly put to death who pleases may reade the story where it is set downe more at large As also to reade the late Massacres in France from the yeare 1560 to this present time especially the Massacre of the twenty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome continuing without respect of age or of sex as well against the dead as the quicke as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter humanity was so farre gone from men that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud not sparing the innocent but doing to all what the hangman doth to malefactors Therefore Quintus Curtius saith properly that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves then the tumultuous multitude hath changes especially getting liberty by a new government And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Decad saith so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves or strike like Tyrants Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie a memorable example of sedition moved in Palerne of Sicilie where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader amply described in brave termes he having seene the Tragedy himselfe where he complaines
Here also was killed the valourous Captaine Mac-Donald who in valour succeeded his worthy predecessors for with his owne hands as is credibly reported he killed with his sword five of his enemies before he was kill'd himselfe Divers also of these Officers were hurt as Capt Lundesey of Bainsho who received three dangerous wounds Lievetenant Pringle who was hurt also and divers more they being made to retire their powder being spent to make their retreate good falls up Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the old Scottish blades of our Regiment to suppresse the enemies fury they keeping faces to their enemies while their Camerades were retiring the service went on afresh where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lumsdell in absence of their owne Officers being then all under cure there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers and the Lievetenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring desired him to stay a little and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not The Colonell perceiving him to jeere shooke his head and went away in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee retired softly from his enemy keeping faces towards them with credit till he was safe within workes And then made ready for his march towards Wolgast to finde his Majestie of Denmarke The nineteenth Observation HEre we see that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the protection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour following the example of Iustinian the Emperour to put his authoritie in practize He commanded out a partie and was obeyed by those he commanded which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully where they serve without spot or blemish that in the end they may expect so great a reward from so great a Master as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country-man being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison though a stranger before his Majesties owne Country-men where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines before the Armie should fight and his Captaine returning victorious he I say tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune in beating of Darius his Armie Tacitus saith also that the Germanes were wont to fight and try their valour first after this manner by parties for presages of greater service to follow And we finde that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge King of Epirus did fight many Combats himselfe for to give good presages of future victories whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Country being in all his time beyond apprehension happily excellent To conclude then this observation here we may see the benefit of good order where those that were in great danger are happily preserved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes to rescue their friends from danger to the great prayse of that noble Sparke Captaine Mac-Kenyee being full of worth as the purest orientall Diamond shining amongst the greatest Stones who did scorne to turne face from his enemies but retired orderly offending his enemy in defending his friends till both he and they were returned with credit though with losse for where order is kept as in this retreate was done by that noble Sparke all things flourish and thrive and I wish from my heart he had followed his profession for though he be honourable enough as he is none can blame me for wishing him better he having once commanded me and shall still while I live The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast and of their Retreate unto Denmarke HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trailsound unto the King of Sweden immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour And being come to Wolgast his Majestie did recall the remainder of our Regiment from Trailesound who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men besides Officers the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee in the absence of his Superiours he continued his March towards Wolgast where they joyned with his Majesties Armie being no sooner arrived they were instantly commanded on service The enemy having falne strong against his Majestie he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance and playd on the Kings battell till his Majestie perceiving the danger not being bastant to resist the enemy retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard fearing much to be surprized or taken he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to comand the whole Scots that were there and divers others and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports till his Majestie were retired and then to make his retreate over the Bridge and to set it on fire which the Captaine did orderly obey doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres not without great danger of the Captaine and his followers where the Bridge once burning he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder and notwithstanding was brought off and miraculously cured The Regiment thus shipped they met with their Colonell being come from Scotland with the Recreut who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke and were mustered The twentieth Observation IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men and of the remnant escaped both of Officers and Souldiers I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably in defence of the good cause Who will then say but that bloud was better lost than kept when it returnes with advantage having brought credit to themselves and Countrey Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie Let none then I say bedew their eyes for them we left behinde us seeing the gaine is equall to the losse if not more for them we had we knew were not alwayes to stay yet what we have gained is permanent and eternall those we lost I confesse we loved yet that love ought not to be so violent as to
Letter H. Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the Earle of Traquare died at Copâ—anhagâ—n and was buried there Page 86 Letter K. Captaine Monro his valour in clearing the passage Page 18 Letter Q. Citizens of Trailsound compared to the Swordfish having weapons but wanting hearts and had quaking hands without use Page 76 Letter Colonell Mackey with his owne division defends the Passe at Oldenburg Page 17 Letter P. Colonell Mackey had his face spoyled with Gunpowder Page 18 Letter Q. Colonell Frets a Leeflâ—nder was slaine on our post at Trailsound Page 69 Letter N. Count of Mongomery cruelly beaten by the Rascall Boores being mistaken Page 47 Letter V. The nature of the Common people is to serve as slaves or to strike like Tyrants Page 40 Letter X. A Caveat for making Booty Page 32 Letter E. Citizens of Trailsound forgetting benefit were more unthankefull then beasts Page 66 Letter L. Charlemaine his priviledge granted to those had served well Page 72 Letter T. A Cavalier ought patiently to attend his preferment Page 3 Letter B. Continency in all things is most necessary for a Souldier Page 25 Letter X. Men ought patiently to undergoe their Crosses and not to despaire as some did in Denmarke Page 86 Letter He that thinkes on deaths Casuality ought neither to be carelesse nor covetous Page 86 Letter V. Cowards may be compared to dogs that doe barke more then bite Page 70 Letter P. The Cruelty was great the enemy used in harming the dead and innocent Page 40 Letter K. D. It is a worthy and brave enterchange when men attaine unto eternall fame and glory after Death for a temporall Death Page 41 Letter L. The strictnesse of Discipline is the conservation of an Army Page 36 Letter G. It were impossible to make Boores and Souldiers agree together without the strictnesse of Military Discipline Page 62 Letter F. It is never good in plenty to Disdaine Souldiers lest in adversity they may prove unusefull Page 2 Letter A. The observance of Discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths Page 69 Letter O. Dumbarre renowned in despite of envy Page 13 Letter L. It is the Duty of valorous Commanders to care for the buriall of the slaine though their enemies Page 25 Letter Y. We are Drowned in the mud of vice and slothfulnesse while we want businesse and have no foe to awe us Page 46 Letter T. E. An English Cavalier being deadly wounded retired bravely at Keel Page 55 Letter B. Ensignes six of Scots shot at Ouldenburg Page 18 Letter Q. A rare Example of strength and courage in Ensigne David Monro Page 21 Letter S. Emulation of Superiours by example groweth amongst inferiours Page 37 Letter H. The whole Officers were hurt except one Ensigne Ihonston Page 68 Letter M. He that wilfully continues an Enemy teacheth his enemy to doe him a mischiefe if he can Page 77 Letter A. Though the Enemy be unworthy reconcile with him to be freed of his scandalous tongue Page 77 Letter A. The Enemy studies all the plots of our ruine and the danger is ever most that is least seene Page 77 Letter Experience teacheth that neither Fly Bee nor waspe can harme those that are healed of the sting of Scorpions Page 22 Letter T. The best Exhortation a Leader can give Souldiers is to shew himselfe valorous Page 23 Letter W. Enemies prove oftimes good pedagogues setting both death and judgment before us Page 66 Letter K. F. Feare doth put us in a more horrid habit then any enemy can doe Page 22 Letter F. It is not good to Feele the ill of the sturdy popular having once loosed the reine Page 48 Letter W. Friends that are trusty the best companions of danger Page 14 Letter M. To be a Follower of the popular sort is a vaine thing Page 50 Letter Y. The Footâ— is alwayes more usefull in warres and lesse chargable then Horse Page 23 Letter W. Fortune having crossed his Majesty of Denmarke in his warres abroade brought the sword of his enemies within his owne Kingdome Page 29 Letter A. G. The Germans are commonly friends to the victorious ete contra Page 16 Letter O. Germans of old did sing going on service Page 70 Letter P. Those that thirst after Gold let them bring it valiantly from afarre to supply the poore at home or to decore and enrich their Country Page 72 Letter S. A man is glad to come off with credit being hurt as I was at Trailsound where I thought to be slaine Page 75 Letter Y. Ill Gotten gaines is farre worse then losses with preserved honesty Page 31 Letter D. Gentlemen three of my Colonells Company slaine at Trailsound Gordon Stewart and Tullough Page 68 Letter M. H. Honour compared to a chaste made Page 31 Letter D. Happie are those that travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure Page 63 Letter G. Hugh Murray his brother being slaine would not carry him off till he had beene revenged and then himselfe shot in the Eye the Bullet came out at his Nose Page 23 Letter V. Hector Monro being shot in one foot would not retire till first he emptied his Bandeliers and being shot then through the other foote was carried off by others Page 23 Letter V. We ought never to glory too much in peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did but rather to prevent the worst Page 28 Letter The Highland Souldier his predictive Dreame seene at Trailsound Page 75 Letter Z. I. A just cause and a just deputation is that which gives the minde securitie And he dyeth well that dyeth fighting for a just cause Page 53 Letter Iustice the strictest that is observed amongst Souldiers Page 44 Letter S. An Isles Gentleman being deadly wounded did swimme with his Cloaths and wounds to escape the fury of his Enemies Page 32 Letter D. K. As forraine Kings make use of Cavaliers in their need so they ought with reason if not rewarded make their retreat to their King and Master being disdained without respect Page 25 Letter X. Our Knowledge is of none effect without assurance in God through Christ. Page 5 Letter E. The King of Denmark deserved praise for enterprising the warre though the successe was not answerable Page 30 Letter B. The King of Denmark commended for his care Page 32 Letter E. The King of Denmark contrary to feare through his valour did cast a kinde of honour upon God confiding in his care onely Page 35 Letter F. The King of Denmark did establish his Throne in despite of his Enemies Page 35 Letter F. Kings are but servants though more splendid for the Common-wealth Page 35 Letter F. The Kings Majestie of Denmark commended Page 43 Letter O. The King of Denmark did comfort his Officers after their losse sustained before KEEL Page 29 Letter A. Kings are kept and guarded from eminent danger by the Lord. Page 29 Letter A. A King or a Prince that undertakes toyle and
marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Stâ—tine bâ—ing alike disâ—ant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant â—eâ—tâ— being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Pâ—rkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nâ—bly entertained and kindly wâ—lcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Câ—ptaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our safeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the hâ—lpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all thâ— time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjectiâ—n to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their contiâ—uâ—â—ce the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Aâ—mie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeâ—res as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Envâ—ers whatsoâ—ver But I hope no worthy spirit or Heroicke minde will thinkâ— an evill thought of the vertuous We mâ—y see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity reqâ—ireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Tâ—stimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinhawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of
even in the most valorous and valorous men as they feare nothing after resolution so they disdaine nothing entering upon danger Here also the resolution of our horsemen on this service was praise worthy seeing they never loosed a pistoll at the enemy till first they had discharged theirs for the enemy being fierce and furious while as ours were stout and slow the enemy was made weary when ours were fresh which made the enemy being weary and charged with a fresh succour being once set on going they followed hard their victory not giving them time to breath or recollect their forces againe till they were utterly defeated that the night and darkenesse was their best safety For I did observe here that the duty of valiant Commanders is to know not onely the nature of their enemies but also their spirit and wherein they pride them most we ought to make our best use for to deceive and out-shoote them in those same things wherein they delight and trust most unto Likewise this day I did observe that as the inticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour even so courage and constant valour may be attained unto by exercise in warre and frequenting of dangers wherein Souldiers Companies or Briggads are used with and made once familiar with that cruell and vehement horrible and terrible fellow death having seene many dead bodies before and being inured to bloud such Souldiers will stand to it and desire to fight when ignorant Novices as the Saxons were are afraid of death who seeking their safety in flying they were miserably cut downe by their enemies I did likewise observe this day that it is not the multitude doth the turne but under God it is good command good conduct art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare and in taking the occasions in time that beget victory Therefore he that would labour an Army as Gustavus did he will finde fruite yea even the best that groweth under the Empire good Rhenish and Necker wine not onely for himselfe but for the meanest Souldier and that unto excesse which hath made me sometimes complaine more of the plenty our Souldiers had after this victory through the abuse of it then ever I did before for any penury He is therefore in my opinion farre deceived that thinkes that it is the time or number of yeares that makes a good Souldier no no it is rather the continuall meditation of exercise and practise for Souldiers should be in running not in running away as horsemen ordinarily doe But on the contrary that with the greater force they may be able to invade their enemies as our Briggad did here who seeing the enemy in confusion with their Pikes charged ranne fiercely upon them till they were beaten And surely I doe thinke no man so ignorant but knowes that more come to be good Souldiers by exercise and frequency of danger and use then by nature and he is not a man that will not sweat nor couragious that eschewes danger when hee should fight as our Camerades did the painted Souldiers the Saxons with their plumed Officers which feathers served them I thinke in their flight for tokens rather to cut them downe by than for their safeties Courage should growe by frequencie of danger the onely way in my opinion to feare nothing and then he may be called stout before the maker of a quâ—rrell at home who once drawing a sworde when he knowes of twentie Partâ—rs or Redders is there called stout but when he comes abroade to the warres at first the thundering of the Cannon and Musket roaring in his eares makes him sicke before he come neere danger as I have known some but where vertue and honour doth growe there labour exercise and danger is needfull Nam ardua difficilis virtutis est via tamen nil tam difficile est quod non solertia vincat And death it selfe is never bitter when it leaves an immortall and glorious name behind it Vivit enim post funera virtus animus moderatis laboribus adjuvatur immoderatis autem abluitur To conclude then this observation we see that as courage in warres is much worth for obtaining of victory so is the wisedome of a Generall or Leader in warres as Gustavus was of so much worth even in the obtaining of this victory that the spirit of him alone and skill in direction was better than thousands of armed men The enemy being in this Battaile neere twelve thousand men at least stronger than we yet Gustavus alone on our side was better and of more worth to us then that multitude to our enemies Wee see then here that no greater joy or pleasure can come to mortall man than to overcome his enemy by Armes and we see also that â—he event of Battaile doth not consist in number of Fighters but under God in the order and courage used in Battaile Here also we see that a good cause and a good quarrell is ever to be had if thou wouldest have victory over thine enemies and who would wish a better quarrell then we fought for this day being for the reliefe of our distressed friends and for the libertie and promotion of Christs Gospell or who would not hazard in such a quarrell especially against such enemies that had banished the daughter of our dread Soveraigne and her royall Issue from her Kingdome and Dignities O would to GOD I had once such a Leader againe to fight such an other day in this old quarrell And though I died standing I should be perswaded I died well and I wish that as wee have received the light of truth happily that fought in that quarrell even so we may happen to restore that light againe pleasantly that as wee did overcome that day our carnall enemies even so we may overcome in our last fight our spirituall enemies that after death we may be crowned with immortall Glorie The seventeenth Dutie discharged of our March from the place of Battaile towards Leipsigh HAving merrily past the night on the place of Battaile with varietie of pleasant discourses of our severall observations of the day having hunted a Foxe that was both old and craftie though hee had escaped with his life he had a torne skinne and a brused bodie and being long chased in end he got a hole to hide him in for sure he did thinke there was no long safetie for him if oft hee did but meete with such cunning hunters that had laid all passes for him to keepe him in for though at this time hee had stripped away his taile yet his traine for the most part were either taken or killed Other Discourses wee had of plentie and of want being some of us extreamely hungrie others pined with extraordinary thirst having no water neere unto us nor vessels to bring it from a farre our servants being left farre behind us who were plundred by those cowards that had fled from us who also furnished a great part of our nights
command a party I was sent with him as his second being ever much obliged unto him not onely for his love on those occasions but also for his good counsell he being long before me in the Swedens service And as we were oft Camerades of danger together so being long acquainted we were Camerades in love first at Colledge next in our travells in France at Paris and Poictiers Anno 1615. till we met againe in Spruce at Elben in August 1630. Nothing therefore in my opinion more worthy to be kept next unto Faith then this kinde of friendship growne up with education confirmed by familiarity in frequenting the dangers of warre and who is more worthy to be chosen for a friend then one who hath showne himselfe both valiant and constant against his enemies as the worthy Hepburne hath done who is generally so well knowne in Armies that he needes no testimony of a friend having credit and reputation enough amongst his enemies To conclude then this observation as I begunne it I cannot but commend his Majesties wisdome and fore-sight in bringing the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne on the Dutch bottome to be second to his Majesty and to free him of a part of his buthens by placeing him at Hall as Legate being Centrum Germaniâ— The ninteenth Duty discharged of our March from Hall towards Erfort in Duringland HIS Majesty having left Colonell Winckle at Hall as Governour with a strong Garrison to command the Towne he ordained and left the Duke of Anhalt as Stat-houlder not only over the Towne but also over the whole Stifft of Madeburg having taken leave of the Duke of Saxon after many protestations and promises of mutuall friendship our march did continue towards Erfort and before our up-breaking the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord unto the Duke of Saxon and the Dukes Army was also marching towards Silesia and Bohemia The seventeenth of September our first nights quarter was taken at a Dorpe two miles from Hall where those of Erfort being so displeased at our coming as unwilling to entertaine such Guests they being all Catholiques Iesuits and Monkes being mightily afraid they did send their Commissioners before them to treate with his Majesty but his Majesty did give them their answers by Duke William of Wymar that they should quit the Catholique faction and give their oath of fidelity to his Majesty of Sweden and that they should take in his Garrisons within their Towne and render up to his Majesty the Castle of Eryackburg with the Colleges to come in his Majesties will who should suffer them to be untroubled in their Religion paying their contribution to the warres like the other Burgers and country The Commissioners thinking their conditions to be hard they tooke leave of his Majesty promising to referre the businesse to the Towne and Clergie and they being departed the Duke of Wymar with a Regiment of horse was directed after them having charge to ride as hard as they could and entering the Portes with a few horse at the first commanded the Guard to lay downe their Armes which hardly they could refuse the rest being so neere they entred the Towne and marched peaceably unto the market place which caused an extraordinary feare amongst the Burgers and yet a greater terrour amongst the Clergy The Councell being called to come on the market place they were commanded to render the Towne keyes unto the Duke who getting the keyes the Towne was taken without bloud The twenty two of September his Majesty having quartered the greatest part of the Army without the Towne he entred the Towne with eight thousand men foote and horse which were all quartered within the Towne and Cloisters having all free entertainment in abundance some of the Clergy removed themselves those who pleased to stay were not troubled but in their meanes and his Majesty promised unto the Towne and Councell the free enjoyment of their former liberties His Majesty having rested the Army some few dayes Duke William of Wymar was made Stat-houlder who had absolute command over three thousand horse and foote getting also full power to take in the contribution and to give out Patents for leavying of horse and foote Regiments for his Majesties service My cozen the Baron of Fowles with his Regiment of foote being left there in Garrison tooke afterwards Patent of the Duke of Wymar for leavying a Regiment of horse which he after brought to passe His Majesty giving direction for repairing the fortifications of the Towne there were Orders given to the Armie to be in readinesse for to march over Durengerwalt unto Franconia and the Regiment had orders to provide their Souldiers sufficiently of Pikes and Muskets being desired to send unto Erfort for such as they stood in need of The nineteenth Observation HIs Majestie as he was valourous and diligent in conquering so hee was carefull to maintaine his Conquest the one being as necessarie as the other Likewise we see his Majesties wisedome in appointing the Duke of Anhalt in respect of his power in those quarters to be Stat-holder at Hall and over the Stifft of Madeburg till the Chancellor of Swedens comming where we see that His Majestie for his owne Aimes did make no difference betwixt Protestants and Lutherans but made a like use of them both For though the Duke of Anhalt was a Protestant he being powerfull in those Quarters to doe His Majestie service being Father in law to Duke William of Wymar this Commaund was imposed upon him Here also at Erfort being the first part in Dutchland belonging unto the Catholique League as appertaining to the Bishopricke of Mentz notwithstanding we see His Majestie clemencie towards the Papists in using no violence against them save onely Iure Belli as those who were conquer'd by the sword His Majestie did exacte of them contribution to the warres and their fidelitie in giving their Oathes to be true unto His Majestie in doing no harme unto his person or Armie by entertaining correspondence with his enemies and on those termes His Majestie was pleased to let them remaine untroubled in their consciences and those that were scrupulous to give this Oath were suffered to depart in peace and those who were contented to give it could not say they were injured Here then we see that Princes Charters are no others over their conquered lands than their sworde and the Oath of fidelitie It is reported of Peter Counâ— of Savoyâ— that he coming to give his Oath of fidelitie to the Emperour Otto the fourth he came presenting himselfe before the Emperour the one halfe of his body clad over with cloth of gold and his left side clad over with glittering Armour the one to testifie the honour and respect he carryed to the Emperour the other how ready he was to fight against his enemies or those that durst speake evill of His Majestie and being asked for his Charters which he had of lands given him in time of warres he drew his sworde saying here they
and we to verifie the desire we had to be revenged on him did neglect no time till at last we found him out where we intended to try Fortune againe which never smiles alwayes on one but is ever variable keeping no constant course being whiles here now there and commonly we see that those who have beene most fortunate in their time as this old Generall was they have an insatiable desire of victory and prosperous fortune till neere their end that they are overcome themselves Here we see his Majesties diligence alike in following of his enemy as he fled before him as in his pursute at Donavert being the passe we were holden up at which his Majestie with diligence did get in his power being so hard pursued that the enemy got no time to relieve it though the Cavalier that defended it shewed himselfe resolute in defending of it as in out-falling on our Guards which were Swedens who having neglected their dutie were blame-worthy as their Captaine that commanded them who ought to have preferred death before life ere he had quite his Poste seeing his standing could have moved others to helpe him though the Swedens left him But his Majestie having got the victory over the Towne by the valour of the Captaines Country-men their intercession then procured his pardon though not his admission to his former Command Likewise here we see that stone houses are vaine defenses against cannon where the walles once pierc't those within are in worse case then if they stood on plaine fields Therefore at such times it is better to adventure forth unto the fields out of reach then to be smothered within walles as were many within this house both of horse and foote Here also as in the continuance of the Story we see the valour of Hepburne and of his Briggad praise worthy being first and last instruments of the enemies overthrow in grosse or by parties being commanded men where often we were well seconded by Ramseys men seeing those were ever commanded on desperat exploits being still appointed the fore-troopes of the Army well led and conducted by Major Sidserffe who was a Cavalier both diligent and valorous being also trusted on good occasions for his judgment in command As his Majesty was diligent in the taking of this passe so he was carefull to repaire it by helping of the ruins and in besetting it againe with a strong Garrison establishing good order and discipline having left Colonell Worbrane an Osterriker Freher as Governour being a man expert in making of cannon and in devising of fire-workes As also he understood well how best to fortifie irregular workes as these were And therefore his Majesty most wisely did concredit according to his gifts the maintaining of this passe to his care and diligence which both he did shew in fortifying the Towne even so farre as Art could be helpefull to nature The twenty ninth Duty discharged of his Maiesties forcing the passage over the Leacke and of the intaking of Ausburg DONAVERT being taken and beset againe with a Swedens Garrison caused a great feare and astonishment to seaze upon all the Papists in Bavaria which made the Iesuits and Monkes flie unto Tilligen Mynckine Neuburg and Engolstat where above twenty thousand of the Clergy were unwilling to fight with the Duke against his Majesties forces and seeing Vindligan the Castle of Oberdorffe and divers other places taken in by his Majesty those of Neighburg desired his Majesties safe-guardes in respect the Swedens were making great booty over all where ever they came hanging the Papists by their purse noâ— sparing to torment their shinnes as they did in Pomeren and in the Markes of Bâ—andenburg to the Protestants in exacting their monies which they were made to repay againe Lege talionis Generall Tilly by this time had intrenched his Army about the Rhine by the side of the Leacke to hinder his Majesties passage unto Bavaria with a strong Army which lay on the other side of the River right against Tillies Army where his Majesty did set over a bridge made with boates and plankes having planted seventy two peeces of cannon great and small on the borders of the River which did play continually into the middest of Tillies Army who were drawne up in Battaile on the other side to hinder his Majesties passage but our messengers were so swift and diligent that through importunity they obtained a grant of the passage where many were made to lie dead by our cannon for those that were not hurt by the Bullets they were lamed by branches and trees cut by the cannon being they stood in a thickewood which shooting continued a whole day being on the fifth of Aprill 1632 a day ominous to Generall Tilly who was shot in the knee with a cannon bullet a cruell blow for an ould man of seventy two yeeres who being carried from thence to Engolstat died within three dayes being cruelly tormented with the smart of his wound Tilly being gone the Army discouraged for their great losse sustained The Duke remarking his Majesty would force the passage he thought best in time to retire taking his flight confusedly upon Engolstat and Nuburg after that Altringer then a Colonell was shot in the head and above a thousand did lie dead on the place they stood on His Majesty having crost over with the Army he incontinent commanded certaine Troopes to follow the fugitives getting orders to cut them off as they were found This victory happily attained unto by his Majesty incontinent the Towne of Rhine being the first frontier Garrison in Bavaria rendered up and his Majesty having beset Rhine with a Garrison he marched with the Army alongst the Leacke side on Ausburg where by the way a Commissary from Nuburg came to his Majesty making their excuse for receiving of Tillies forces and withall they declared that the enemy had quit their Towne againe and therefore they interposed with his Majesty for neutrality which being refused unto them a Garrison was sent to keepe them in awe to bring their landes in contribution and to repaire the bridge which was broken by the Dukes command His Majesty having continued his march towards Ausburg the eigth of Aprill we lay downe before it and immediatly we set over a bridge over the Leacke during which time the Commandant spared not his Amunition but continually Cannonaded amongst us but our batteries being once ready they received their interchange and his Majesty offered the Garrison free passage and to retire in safety with his folkes whether he pleased otherwise there should no quarter be granted unto them if they pressed to hould out longer whereupon the Governour resolved to accept of his Majesties offer and having made his Accord on the tenth of Aprill he marched out and was conveyed towards Engolstat Incontinent thereafter his Majesty did beset the Towne with a strong Garrison and the next day before his Majesty entred the Towne all Papists were ordained to assemble and meete at Lâ—ckhousen
his Hoste the Rhinegraves folke being betimes acquainted of their coming and to their helpe having got a supply timely sent unto them by his Excellence the Rex-chancellour the enemy was so welcomed by them that he was put in confusion and then chased so hard that there were a hundred and twenty killed unto him many taken prisoners and seven Standards of theirs were taken as Trophees of the Rhine-graves victory over them In revenge whereof shortly after the Grave â—oâ— Ridbâ—rg with a strong party of horse and fooâ—e did fall upon that part of the Paltz called Hâ—ndsrucke betwixt the Mosell and the Noe and coming on Spier where the Swedens Colonell called Hornegt without any resistance gave over Spier notwithstanding of a succourse was sent unto him from Mentz that 〈◊〉 at â—ad whereupon the Colonell was afterwards brought prisoner to Mentz to be adjudged there for his evill carriage The Spaniard taking out of Spier Cannon Amunition and Armes with all that could be found together with a great deale of mony exacted from the Burgers he had also an intention on Wormes but in vaine being strongly beset with the Swedens forces so that the Spaniards at this time as many times before were forced to quit the Paltz and to draw backe againe into Holland and the States Army being come to lie before Mastricht were forced to breake up from Spier with their Army and whole baggage and Cannon The Swedens getting notice of their upbreaking desirous to convey them the Rex-chancellor and Palsgrave Christian breakes up from Mentz towards Altson and the next day they came to Belohin two miles from the part the Spaniard had broken up from and following them hard till they got fight of the Spanish Army which the Spaniard perceiving directs his baggage before and drew up in battaile on a plaine neere a wood where incontinent they were brought in disordeâ— by the Swedens that they were forced with the losse of three Cornets and some fooâ—â— to retire into the wood and finding the whole Swedens Army following up they resolved with one consent by flying to save themselves were their best and taking the night to their helpe they marched so hard as they could But yet the Swedens continued their march after them till the Spaniard coming to a passe in the hills threw off the bridges behinde them Neverthelesse the Swedens repaired the bridges and followed hard after and by Laâ—tericke came in sight of them againe that neither day nor night were they suffered to rest so that the Spaniard was forced to burne some of his baggage on his march and some he left to the Swedens that they might the lighter they were come the easter off in the end a part of them by Lanterick was attrapped by the Rhine-graves Horsmen where some were cut downe and their baggage taken The Spaniard thus in great feare and confounded by the hastinesse of his march and the Swedens wearied with long following were content at last the Spaniards should goe their way with so little reputation out of the Paltz at their last good night having lost above two thousand men and their whole Baggage By this time also the Boores in Schwaâ—laâ—d againe began to be tumultuous and unquiet so that by Kempten they drew together very strong of full intention to chase the Swedens out of their lands But this uproare continued but short for when the Swedens Forces drew out of the Garrisons they killed the most part and drove the rest unto woods to seeke their food with the Swine in burning a number of their Dorpes to give them worke to thinke on against the winter to build new houses or to dwell in woods but repenting their Rebellion they turned their Armes against their owne Masters that moved them to rise against the Swedens and cutting off a number of them they possessed their houses turning good Swedens againe being beaten with the rod of Correction in their bodies and meanes By this time Duke Barnard of Wymar with his Troopes did cut off above five hundred men of Leopoldus folke by Fussen on the Leacke where he caused to demolish sundry Skonces made up by the Country-Boores in time of their uproare and divers of their skinnes were pierced by Musket and Pistoll till they were taught to be more sober and quiet on their owne charges and after this uproare was setled the Leopoldish Boores againe out of Tyroll recollected stronger Forces and marched towards the Leacke againe on Fussen and Lansberg both strong passes and got them in yet in the end all turned to a slight conclusion for Duke Barnard of Wymar againe having come upon them with his Forces First he tooke in Lansberg and then on the sixteenth of Iuly he cut off two Companies of Leopoldish Dragoniers and a Troope of Horsemen by a Towne called Rosshaupten where few or none did escape and in the end marching on Fussen having stormed the Towne they cut off above three hundred of the Garrison and tooke prisoners eleven hundred with their Officers and a number of the Country Gentlemen that were Papists and sought to save themselves in that strength were deceived their Colours being taken from them and above a thousand of their Souldiers were forced to take service By this time also a little Flecke Freidberg in Schwabland neere to Ausburg treacherously having called some Crabbats of the enemies to their assistance they murthered all the Swedens safeguards that lay thereabout whereupon the Swedens Forces to be revenged on them did fall upon the Flecke or little Towne and killed all the male-kinde they could finde and taking their wives and children out of the Towne to the fields they set the Towne on fire so that there is no memory left of this Towne for their perfidiousnesse to those they got to save them from the injuries of others I hope the Reader will excuse this extravagancie of discourse seeing all this time we lay idle at Nurenberg being sometimes without imployment in our calling I thought better to collect at this time somewhat of the actions of others than to be altogether idle Therefore I crave pardon againe to tell as yet somewhat that happened about this time in the neather Saxon Creitzis which I set downe in paper as his Majestie was informed of it we being then at Nurenberg without hostile employment By this time the Earle of Papenhaim a worthy brave fellow though he was our enemy his valour and resolution I esteemed so much of that it doth me good to call his vertuous actions somewhat to memory and the successe he had at this time in warlike and martiall exployts in the neather Saxon Creitzis First then he had not onely offended the Hessen and Lunenburg but also by skirmish he made them feele the dint of the valour which accompanied him unto his death and as they felt his skill in the fields by fighting disbanded in skirmish so also they were made to understand his experience in beleaguering of Townes
Lyon of the North the invincible Gustavus who in glory and dignity did farre surpasse all his enemies as is cleered by his former wisdome in Governing his victories and hereby his great care and diligence in preserving his friends from the fury of their enemies exercising his Army within a close Leaguer to handle their Armes well after his owne new discipline being taught to keepe their faces to their enemies in retiring as in advancing never turning backs on their enemies as of old It is also to be admired the great provision this City was provided with being no Sea-towne as of victualls and Amunition where it was reported that they had oates which was distributed to the Army that had bin kept above a hundred yeares and this City was ever from the beginning renowned for their wisdome and policy in counsell more then for their force in Armes from whence did come the Dutch Proverbe that he who had the wit of Nurenberg the money of Vlme the pride of Ausburg with the power of Venice might doe much in this world Here then at Nurenberg as at a safe bay his Majesty like unto a wise Master of a ship perceiving the storme coming on casts out his best Anckers riding out the storme till it blowes over and then finding the Gale to favour him he lanches forth to looke for his enemies For his Majesty knew well when it was time to give a blow as he did know the surest way to ward and hold off a blow and we see here his Majesties counsell was of much worth to the good of the City as his power in Armes so that his very enemies did not only praise his wisdome but oftimes did admire it and as the enemy did strive to starve us his Majesty knew well that such a strong Army as they were in the dogge-dayes lying in the Leaguer in time of so great infection betime would become neere as weake as we were As also his Majesty knowing the evill that is incident to all Armies through idlenesse he pressed to keepe us still in handling and exercising our Armes for he knew well mans nature was like Iron that did rust when it was not used and on the contrary he knew that well exercised Souldiers as he had would desire to fight when Novices as his enemies had would be afraid to stirre out of their Leaguers for oftimes it is not the multitude doth the turne but it is Art begets victory Having spoken in the discharge of this duty of the actions of some worthy personages I minde here to observe somewhat in commemoration of the persons worths that did leade them First then we see that the Spaniard divers times was forced with little credit to retire out of the Paltz and that in respect he never 〈◊〉 faces about in making use of ground Cannon Pike or Musket which proves his retreates to have bin dishonourable and the Leaders to have bin no Souldiers For we presuppose in foure dayes retreat the defender could once have made choise of ground where making use of his Cannon his enemies would be glad they had not advanced so 〈◊〉 but rather that they had suffered them to passe but an enemy once feared never fights well except extremity make him desperate and then it is not safe to deale with him Likewise we see here as they were not all Spaniards that â—â—ed so they were not all Swedens that followed so that we finde there are some good of all Nations but it is certaine that at such times the worth and valour of a Leader is best knowne not only in fighting examplary to others but specially in directing others We see here that the turbulent insurrection of the Boores in Schwabland is soone stilled when they want a head to leade them where we see the giddy-headed multitude doth ever wagge like the bush for though sometimes they grow pale for feare they are so impudent that they never blush at their faults though oftimes they are well corrected for their errors Here also we see the valour and policy of Duke Barnard much to be commended as a prudent Commander in all his enterprizes overcoming more by wit and policy then by dint of Armes For though resolution never failes yet by stratagems he overcomes more then by killing and being victorious he did shew his clemency that another time his enemies might yeeld the sooner unto him seeing he had used these well whom formerly he had subdued and this Cavalier being noble according to his birth he knew that the strength of victory consisteth in the using of it well which made hime ever give the better quarters for as he was noble to make him the more noble he was indued with reason so that he conjoined Nobility with Vertue which made his worth much esteemed of and though he was descended of noble Progenitors yet his minde raised him above his condition he being fit to command Armies and his birth did beget the greatest obedience next unto his Majesty over the whole Army being resolute noble and prudent withall In the former discourse had of the acts of that noble and worthy Cavalier though our enemy Papenhaim his name merits to be inregistred for his valorous courage extraordinary diligence in his expeditions and the fortunate successe that did accompany his valorous conduct at divers times even unto his death This noble Cavalier was so generous that nothing seemed difficult unto him fearing nothing not death it selfe once resolved and as he was valiant so he was most diligent in all his expeditions for while he lived those Armies next unto him were never suffered to sleepe sound which made his Majesty of Sweden esteeme more of him alone then of all the Generalls that served the Emperour wishing one day he might rancounter with him to try his valour whom he honoured so much though his enemy This valorous Captaine after the Battaile of Leipsigh was the first that adventured with a single Convoy to passe through his Majesâ—ies Armies unto the neather Saxon Creitz to put life in the cause being come againe betwixt his Majesty of Sweden and home desirous to gaine credit he delaied no time but on the contrary used all diligence till he got an Army of old Souldiers together out of the Garrisons and then began to take advantage of his enemies catching them unawares like a valiant Captaine and Chieftaine he suffered no grasse to grow where his Army did tread but traversed from one place to another adding and augmenting still to his owne credit but diminishing and substracting from the reputation of other Generalls till he obtained the name and fame of the most valiant and most vigilant Generall that served the Emperour being in effect more furious sometimes in his conduct then requisit for a Generall fearing nothing but the indignation of his Superiour whom he served valianty and truely This kinde of bouldnesse though haply it doth prosper for a time yet sometimes in others it may overwhelme all the
as Gustavus was might in a few yeares time observe many things belonging to the knowledge of a Commander though I grant never attaine unto the perfection of his Calling for the accidents of warres being infinite the knowledge of them can never be limited But we must alwayes be learning of new things till we become more prudent though not perfectly wise in our calling being infinite and though many thinke a man may be wise and not couragious seeing the wise fore-sees all dangers truely I will thinke he that is circumspect and wise in this kinde may be called a stout Commander for to a wise man we say nothing comes wrong and he that cannot be surprized in this kinde must needs be both wise and stout To conclude then this Observation out of the separation of the Marquesse and his Country-men at our leave-takings and at the parting of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment from Spence his Regiment going with Duke Barnard unto Saxonie from us which separation was like to the separation death makes betwixt friends and the soule of man being sorry that those who had lived so long together in amitie and friendship as also in mutuall dangers in weale in woe fearing we should not meet againe the splendour of our former mirth was obnubilated with a cloud of griefe sorrow which vanished and dissolved in mutuall teares of love severing from others as our Saviour did from his Disciples in love and amitie wishing one another the mutuall enterchange of our affections as Souldiers and not as Complementing Courtiers in the way of love and courtesie we wished againe and againe being loath to depart from others the accomplishment of all happinesse here and of eternall glory else-where The thirty-eight Dutie discharged of our March from Newstade towards Winchene HAving come unto the fields the Armie being drawne up and divided Duke Barnard of Wymar was directed to march on Kitchen on the Maine and the rest of the Armie on Vinzeine and his Majestie with a strong partie marched backe unto Nurenberg to see the enemies Leaguer and the unhappie Castle on the old hill where so many brave fellowes were lost From thence his Majestie returned on Outzbach at which time on the march some new levied men that were come from Switzerland joyned with the Armie at Winchene where we rested two dayes I being cruelly tormented with a burning Ague contracted with neglecting of my wound received at Nurenberg Walestine his Feltmarshall Holke at this time with his little Armie did dominier in Saxonie using barbarous crueltie in burning scalding and plundering of Townes Flecks and Dorpes murthering and cutting downe the Inhabitants that it was pittie to heare of such barbariâ—ic in a civill land to be used by one of their owne profession making no conscience of Religion he shewed lesse compassion then the Papists did for their villany whom he led was so great that after abusing the women in satisfying their filthy lusts they did burne them and their families their hearts thus hardned that it was evident that the judgements of the Lord were not farre from them and those he commanded having suffered such tyranny to have been used to Christians before a moneth was past he died raging of the plague and those who followed him were also rewarded of God for their crueltie The eighteenth of August Holke tooke in Zinckâ— by accord promising unto the Burgers the freedome of their Religion and liberties providing they would take in a Garrison of two hundred Emperialists then Gallas and Halke being joyned soone after Walestine himselfe after the in-taking of Coburg continued his march towards Leipsigh after spoyling the land of Coburg and Culnebush he marched through the Voigland towards Oâ—lsenburg and from thence to Leipsigh which he got in on Accord the twenty-second of October and on the twenty-third he got in the Castle of Pleisenburg putting out the Dukes Garrison and putting in his owne And after he tooke in Weysenfelse Morsburg Nawmburg and divers Townes more in Saxonie spoyling and ruining all that side of the Elve Hall also he tooke in but the Castle of Morsburg being well beset by the Swedens by that time could not be brought to heare of any Accord Papenhaim now retired from Mastricht having in vaine attempted then the reliefe of it at his backe-coming he relieved the City of Patterburne from the beleaguering and skirmished with the Lievetenant Generall Bawtish he also dissolved the blockquering of Volfenbittle an did get some Cornets and Colours from the Brunswicker forces and from thence he did come before Heldishem alleaging he had beaten the Duke of Lunenbeug and Bawtishen by which stratagem he did get Heldishem in his power and beset it with a Garrison as the principall Strength on the Wezer streame appointing the Grave Fon Gronsfield to command there and then he marched towards Eichfield and tooke in Milhousen getting a great composition of money from them he marched on Saltz and plundered it out wherein he did get much hidden riches and his Souldiers making rich boo'y they did cast in the water that which they could not carry he proceeded also in the same manner with Theanestade from whence he carried with him the Burger-masters in pledge of their Cities Ransome and finding by the way they were not able to pay what they had promised he caused to take all three and hang them up till they were halfe dead and then caused suddenly to cut them downe Cretzburg also he used little better from Erfort he desired twenty thousand Dollers and threatned if the monies were not tould downe he would not faile to doe them all the mischiefe he could whereupon with much adoe they did get him two thousand Dollers and hearing his Majesty of Sweden was drawing neere he staied not on the rest but marched to Morsburg at Hall The thirty-eighth Observation MEmory and forgetfulnesse are both necessary in friendship Shall I then forget here to speake of our separation being so long companions of one danger together No this love of Camerades â—o each others is most worthy remembrance seeing we were divers times willing to give our lives for one anothers safeties shall we then be oblivious of this mutuall love and dangers No though distance of place separate â—â—r bodies we shall still be conjoyned in minde and power against our common enemy that desireth the hurt of us all alike Let us then though severed maintaine one anothers credit in absence ever honouring the worth and vertues of our deare Camerades for the kindnesse past let us learne to be ever thankfull to their friends alive and after their death let our love increase to their successours for if there be any Nectar in this life it is in sorrowes we endure for the goodnesse and love of our absent friends especially of those that were our dearest Camerades for if we sorrow for them amending our lives knowing we must passe shortly through the same passage they did passe before us truely
to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such furie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Rolingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unloâ—ked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lordâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Coloneâ—â— Sâ—ves with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstâ—rfâ— Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time did lie almost dead in the field divers Officers of Colonell Lodowicke Leslie his Regiment were also hurt having behaved themselves well being for the most part old expert Officers and old beaten blades of Souldiers In this Battaile as was thought were killed nine thousand men besides those were hurt whereof many thereafter dyed of their woundes such as on the Emperours side Grave Berhertbold Fon Walestine Colonell Comargo Colonell Browner the old Colonell Viltzleben and others On the Swedens side also dyed of his wounds after the Battaile Generall Major Grave Neeles After his Majesties death there was great and extraordinary griefe and sorrow over the whole Armie yet they never suffered the same to be seene outwardly but prosecuted still the enemie more vehemently and more cruelly than before For the Duke of Wymar and the rest of the Cavalieres of the Armie understanding the great misfortune of his Majestie death resolved all alike it was better to dye on the place with his Majestie than to retire one foote of ground which resolution was the cause that in the end they did crowne the lamentable death of the Kings Majestie with a stately and heroicall Victorie so that his Majestie in the highest degree of glorie may be imagined before any King or Emperour to have dyed and his life doth eternize alike both his prayse and glorie being victorious before death in his death and after death The Duke of Fridland Walestine after the losing of this Battaile retired with his scattered Armie towards Leipsigh and having had no time to continue there he was forced to take his retreate further unto the Hill's of Bohemia and thereafter Leipsigh was freed from the enemies forces by the Duke of Lunenburg and the Saxons that were comming with succours unto his Majestie before the Battaile whose march was too slow their succours being come but after the stroaks were given The Castle of Leipsigh called Plassenburg having holden out long was taken againe together with which all other partes in Saxon that the Emperialists had taken were freed againe by the Swedens the second time as Camnits Fryburg c. For which service the Swedens were evill recompensed by the ungratefull Saxon whose unthankfulnesse to the Crowne of Sweden will never be forgotten In all this time the Swedens Felt-Marshall Gustavus Horne did prosper very fortunately in Alsas not onely in taking in the strong and fast Episcopall Strength Bennâ—nfeld in spight of the Emperialists who had pressed to relieve it all Maiesty to fall But we may say with Salomon in the twenty-eight of the Proverbs and twenty-one verse It was for the sinnes of the Land and our sinnes that he was taken from amongst us and from those poore Cavaliers that did follow him for his Maiesties love and the love of the cause He was shot with three Bullets dead with the last for our sinnes and the sinnes of the Land And what he did before his death for the liberty of Dutch-land and freedome of the Gospell none but knowes it he left his owne Kingdome to bring strangers to freedome in theirs he set light by his owne life for Dutch-land that they might keepe theirs he waked and cared day and night for them as a father for his children that at last he might bring peace for them to sleepe sound he brought the keyes and opened their Church doores that were closed up by the Antichristian Idolaters that the Devills doctrine was banished againe out of the
dangerous as the inward enemy being least suspected Likewise the Governour or Commandant ought to observe and keepe a due proportion in all commandements given either for workes service watches or parties that no man might justly complaine that there is more dutie layd on him than on his neighbour but according to proportion of strength The keyes of the Ports and of all sorting doores and prisons are to be brought in and out by the Captaine of the maine Watch to the Governour and the Captaine of the Watch is to appoint Guards to stand at the draw-bridges Portcullis and sorting Ports and he is obliged to bring all intelligence himselfe unto the Governour and never to open a doore night or day without a sufficient Guard by him with the Limits past for feare he might be surprised and the whole Garrison in danger Also the Governour is to give Orders at night whether every man must resort with their Armes in case of Alarum and the Towne being diviâ—ed both Burgers and Souldiers should know their Posts they are to repaire to from the Alarum place And to supply the defects of the fortifications the Towne should be divided into equall deales to worke their day about with all materialls needfull for repayring the defects that there be nothing to mend when they ought to fight and to that effect Officers should be appointed by the Governour to over-see the workes that things may be the better done and the Governour must often visit all himselfe taking reckoning what is done every day till all be put in good order The Governour ought to have a Register of all inquartering that he may the better be made acquainted by the Burgers of every mans behaviour for keeping good order He ought also to have account of all victualls in their store-houses both of Corne and all other furniture and of all Caducks within the Garrison and the out-setting of all safeguards belongs unto him as his due He ought to suffer no man to make commoditie without his knowledge but all to put in to him that he may the better maintaine his state and entertaine strangers seeing he ought to be a good fellow and a common receipt for commers and goers otherwise he will faile to be thought of and he must give orders to the Captaine of the watch that no man come or goe without his knowledge under paine of punishment and the Captaine of the watch should direct those that enter the Citie having seene their passes with a Convoy and an Officer by night or by day unto the Governour to be inquired of at his pleasure The Governour as he ought to give out the word so he ought to see all Parads at the ordinary time they goe to watch where comming off againe they ought to repaire to the Parad-place and draw up orderly before they lodge their Colours and the Governour is obliged to visit the Posts and to goe the round himselfe and to make the rest goe the rounds orderly after him Likewise it is his due to command out all parties being first drawne up on the Parad-place seeing them to be provided of Amunition and of all necessaries before their parting giving strict orders that at their returnes all bootie be brought orderly before him and nothing to be put out of the way or aside on the paine of punishing the Officer that commanded the partie and the goods being knowne they are to be confiscated to the Governour seeing all bootie ought to be distributed at his discretion and in dividing the Quarters the Governour ought to have allowed him some free houses to contribute to his Kitchen as also some houses kept free to lodge strangers which ought to acknowledge the Governour so long as they have no other burthen and if the Garrison be such a place as yeelds other commodities by traffique by water or land the Governour besides the ordinary custome or toale ought to be acknowledged by those who transport goods or Cattell by or through his Garrison if they come under the compasse of his watch As also he may take of adjacent lands belonging to the enemy as high a contribution as he can rack them to providing he prove not dishonest to his Master in taking moneys for being friend to his Masters enemies For making of Accord an Observation HIS Majestâ—e of worthy memory I being with him at Damaine â—randenburg Lantsberg Verben Erfort Mentz Ausburg Rhine and Munchen in Baviere did never trust the making of the Treatie to any other than himselfe for how soone either Trumpeter or Drummer were conveyed blind-folded by the Officer of the Watch unto him then being discovered having delivered their message and receiving an answer the same or another being directed backe then pledges were delivered to be kept on both sides till such time as the accord were condescended to or left off in case of variance being continued to a second resolution and then the pledges were to be retired Hinc inde Those pledges at such times ought to be modest sober and discreet in their discourses lest some things might slip them tending to prejudice of either parties and if the pledges be wise they may save some Commodities for a friend When the defender makes a slight Accord the heads whereof are set downe in writing and afterward advised but once granted cannot be recall'd the guard once changed a Commander doth goe to possesse withall according to the Accord where incontinent the pursuer makes preparation for the enemies out-comming that there be no disorder committed in breaking the Accord by either of the parties for it is a grosse errour for a Christian to violate their word once given but they doe strive before ending for honourable Conditions on both sides the particulars accorded on are not necessary to be inserted here since they doe varie according to the occasions where sometimes the defender makes Conditions for the Citie their Liberties Traffique and Religion as the place is of importance and if the defender looke for succours seeing his advantage he shifts in making the Accord prolonging time till in the end as sometimes the Treatie dissolves as was done at Traylesound 1628. against the Emperialists And the partie beleaguerer finding himselfe weake without he continues their outmarching till his weaknesse be supplied as his Majestie of worthy memory did before Lansberg where the enemy was to march out three thousand stronger then we were without which delayed his out-coming till supply was come to us from Francfurt When treaties are ended the Conquerour of the place after making his accord having made his best advantage of all provisions found in such parts as of Cannon Armes Clothes Amunition Libraries Monuments being all transported and put in assurance then the Towne being in the Conâ—uerours power he may beset it with a Garrison or demolish it by rasing of the walles and it had bin good the Swedens had done so in Bavier with Donavert Rhine Ausburg Aychstat Landsout and Munchen if they
had beene rased at first we had not bin troubled by taking them in twice thereafter and it had bin better to have plundred them first then to have compounded with them for monies having after the losing of Nerling battaile lost our monies the pledges the country and City which had bin better to have raced them to the ground as Trophees of our victories at our being there then to have taken pledges for money and lose all againe It is also to be observed in making of all accords that such prisoners as are within the place may be let free that doe belong to the beleaguerer and such Souldiers as were run away from the pursuer may be restored againe to be punished or pardoned as pleaseth their Officers But no man belonging to the enemy may be detained contrary to their wills As also no Cannon taken of the pursuer before can be taken out of the Strength notwithstanding that Cannon be allowed unto him by his accord he must transport none that belonged formerly to another Likewise no more horses can be allowed to be transported by Officers then are mentioned in their accord and that proportionally according to their degrees they serve in and no more and if it be found that the defender fraudulently beyond his accord hath either stolne away destroyed or hid any goods Armes Cannon or Amunition being knowne or revealed ipso facto the pursuer or Conquerour is not obliged to keepe their paction but they may use them as the Swedens did Colonell Gramme after his marching out of Wesmer having broken treacherously his accord Of the taking of Prisoners an observation HIS Majesty having taken in Frankfurt on the Oder I did grant quarters to two young Cavaliers who had begged my protection to save them from the fury and having once protected them though with difficulty I had a care no man should wrong them as all Cavaliers ought to doe in extremity to those that stand in neede of mercy not plundring men to their skinnes as some unworthy doe But on the contrary having once granted quarter men ought to be carefull not only in guarding their lives from others but also they ought to foresee for entertainment civilly at least for their money being Cavaliers of charge which may be presupposed able to entertaine themselves or if otherwise they cannot doe it our charity and compassion should move us to provide bread for them who cannot provide for themselves otherwise our over-sight in suffering them to starve for want of bread deserves a greater punishment then if we suffered others to have killed them at first being enemies so that I wish no man so uncivill as to dominier over a reconciled enemy being in bonds Likewise Prisoners being civilly entertained according to their degrees neverthelesse they ought to be look't unto as Prisoners if they be common Souldiers they should be commited to the Generall Gavilliger to be attended there with a guard to watch them being in Irons and according to their behaviours to be kept closer or at more liberty and being on marches they ought not to be suffered to come so neere the Army as to be spies over others and especially being Officers concredited to a Gavilliger they ought to be so kept as they could noâ— remarke either the strength or the discipline of the Army and being come to quarters they ought to be visited as Cavaliers but in discourse men ought to be sparing with them as with prisoners neither must you injure them or suffer others to doe it seeing Prisoners can doe no reason to Cavaliers and giving once their Parâ—le they may have some freedome to walke without suspition within shot of Cannon But when either Trumpeter or Drummer is sent with letters or message to prisoners he ought before he come neere the Guards sound his Trumpet or beate his Drumme giving advertisment to the Guards before he enter within their outward Centries otherwise he is lyable to the highest punishment but having lawfully aduertised the Guard an Officer by command of the Captaine of the watch with a Convoy of Musketiers ought to meete him and having enquired for his commission and passe and seene his open letters having search't him for private letters and finding none then he ought to sile or blinde him up and convay him blinded unto the chiefe Commander who receives his letters reades and delivers them and then after he being â—iled up againe he is convaied unto the Gavilliger where he is kept till he be ready and suffered to depart againe with open Letters being convayed out as he came in and no Prisoner ought to deliver any letters though open to any man till first he acquaint his Guard who ought to impart it to the Commander of the place and it is ordinary to Governours or Commanders to whom Trumpeters or Drummers doe come having received their answer being brought siled from the Gavilligers unto their lodging first to talke merrily with them and then to cause attenders drinke to them till they be merrry and then being â—iled againe they are convayed without the whole Centries having their passe they are free to returne Prisoners having agreed for their Ransomes or being exchanged out for others they ought not be suffered to depart without getting first the â—eneralls passe and then he may goe with a Trumpeter or without one to â—â—e next friendly Garrison For quartering an Army in field upon March Dorpe Towne or Leaguer An Observation A Commander ought not be ignorant of the circumstances belonging to the quartering of an Army therefore for the better Information of the younger sort who have not seene such Marches as I have bin at with his Majesty of worthy memory who quartered his Army Summer or Winter according as the occasion or neerenesse of his enemy did offer where many times the whole winters night the Army horse foote and Artillery being without fire did stand in battaile order by their Armes in the fields having placed their Artillery apart with a guard to attend them their baggage also being behinde them apart and well guarded and a maine guard being commanded out apart before the Army of horse and foote And the Armies being neere one another all Officers were commanded to abide on their severall charges as they were commanded on the March to leade Briggads Troopes or Divisions The commanded men being also apart next unto the enemy with their Officers by them which all being orderly quartered in this first manner they entertained one another with such dainties as the time afforded passing the night with variety of merry jests and discourses till day that either Drumme or Trumpet did invite them unto earnest The second forme of our quartering was in the fields not being neere an enemy where we quartered a little more commodiously for our ease being commonly drawne up by foure or five of the clocke in the afternoone neere some Towne or Village in some faire meadow by water if it could be had in the
care how laborious or painefull our actions are Page 72 Letter F. Friendship next unto faith should be kept unviolable Page 75 Letter O. No Friend more worthy to be chosen then he who hath shewed himselfe valiant against his Enemies Page 75 Letter O. Francfurt on the Maine taken in by his Majesty of Sweden without bloud Page 89 Letter M. Francfurt did well in preferring good conditions of peace before uncertaine warre Page 90 Letter P. Fortune with her boasting should never be suffered to pierce us having tryed sharper that could not pierce Page 95 Letter A. Francfurt shot off their Cannon at the Queene of Sweedens entry Page 99 Letter G. Felt-marshall Horne deligent in subâ—uing the Townes on the Neckar Page 100 Letter L. Friendship is never durable where love doth not grow Page 105 Letter V. Feare and astonishment is great amongst the Papists in Bavaria Page 116 Letter P. Frontier Garrisons are easily gotten by a victorious Army Page 11 Letter Q. The Fuckers of Ausburg from Marchants turne Souldiers were made Earles by the Emperour Page 120 Letter X. The Fuckers lands disposed to old Ruthven for reward of vertue Page 120 Letter X. Friedberg neere Ausburg punished for betraying of the Swedens saâ—egards Page 136 Letter Z. Felt-marshall Horne takes in Trerebagh on the Mosell by Accord Page 138 Letter C. Felt-marshall Arnhem takes in Grosglogo in Silesia Page 139 Letter D. Felt-marshall Horne parallel'd in command to Papenhaim Page 143 Letter I. Felt-marshall Arnham commended for his victories and for his justice Page 143 Letter K. The Foundation of mans actions laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile Page 154 Letter D. Felt-marshall Horne his good successe in Alsas Page 165 Letter Z. Felt-marshall Horne his retreit into Wertenberg Page 177 Letter T. G. Generall Bannier commended for his carriage at Damaine Page 18 Letter Z. Goods evill conquâ—st goe away with wings swifter then the winde Page 20 Letter B. Genâ—rall Major Kinphouâ—en his oversight at Brandenburg discommended Page 23 Letter F. The Gâ—rmans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in danger and trouble Page 27 Letter N. God never was served for nought by no man Page 37 Letter B. Greedy persons should never be advanced to publique imployment Page 37 Letter D. Greedinesse alike common to Officers as to Souldiers Page 37 Letter D. Gustavus Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather her Master Page 41 Letter G. Good Commanders next unto God are able to bring victory Page 42 Letter K. Generall Tilly presents himselfe with thirty-two peece of Ordnance before Verben Leaguer Page 52 Letter E. Generall Tilly the scourge of Madeburg Page 61 Letter O. Generall Tilly roâ—â—'d of his honour at Leipâ—igh Page 68 Letter Y. A Good quarrell is the life of figâ—ting Page 70 Letter C. Generall Tilly after Leipsigh leads a strong Army towards the Maine Page 82 Letter A. Generall Tilly his retreate from the Maine Page 85 Letter D. A Generalls place very weighty Page 86 Letter G. Gustâ—vus Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Page Letter H. Genâ—rall Tilly forceth Gustavus Horne to retire from Bambricke Page Letter T. Generall Tilly his Generall Quarter-master slaine at Looffe Page 111 Letter E. Globâ—s Terrestiall and Celestiall presented to his Majesty of Sweden Page 111 Letter F. Grave Henry W. Fonsâ—lius shot at Bambricke and died at Swinâ—ford Page 112 Letter G. Gustavus-Burg on the Maine a Trophie of victory Page 112 Letter H. Great Generalls they have an unsatiable desire of victory and good fortune till neere their end Page 64 Letter N. Generall Tilly with his Army plagued at once with seventy-two peeces of Cannon Page 116 Letter Q. Generall Tilly lost a legge by the Cannon before the Leake Page 117 Letter Q. Generall Tilly being seventy-two yeares of age died honourably in defence of his Country and Religion Page 118 Letter T. Generall Tilly before Leipsigh would give his Majesty of Sweden but the title of a Cavalier Page 118 Letter T. Generall Major Ruthven brought Schwabland under contribution Page 119 Letter X. Generall Bâ—nnier coÌ„mended for making the retreit from Engolstat Page 122 Letter Z. Generall Bâ—wtish succeeded to Tot in command Page 137 Letter B. Geneâ—all Major King sore wounded being taken prisoner Page 137 Letter B. Generall Major Sparre Gordon and Lesly taken prisoners at Nurâ—nberg Page 145 Letter N. Generall Banier and Generall Major Roisten both shot before Nurenberg Page 148 Letter S. Generall Major Boâ—tius slaine at Nurenberg Page 150 Letter T. Good Fortune is never on one side Page 151 Letter X. H. Hepburne his Major slaine at Francfurt Page 33 Letter W. Horfemens carriage at Leipsigh commendable Page 69 Letter Z. Honour and glory are the enticements to paine and travell and by exercise in warre men attaine to courage and constant valour frequenting danger Page 69 Letter Hepburne and Lumsdell commended by his Majesty to the Duke of Saxon. Page 75 Letter N. Hanow taken in by slight Page 85 Letter E. Those whom God Honours are worthy of honour from their equalls Page 87 Letter K. Hechst taken in by accord Page 89 Letter M. Men are Hurt sometimes as a presage of worldly lucke Page 95 Letter A. Hostages fifty taken out of Bavier Page 126 Letter H. Hunting most pleasant about Minken and Bavier Page 125 Letter H. Heroicks who would prove should follow and imitate Gustavus Page 127 Letter K. A Hasty man without discretion is never good in an Army Page 152 Letter Y. Holke and Gallas brethren as Simeon and Levi. Page 153 Letter B. Holke in Saxony being a Lutheran shewed lesse compassion then a Papist Page 156 Letter G. I. The Imperialists â—ere well payed for hanging out the goâ—se at Francfurt Page 31 Letter V. The Irish at Francfurt did valorously resist the yellow and blew Briggads Page 34 Letter Y. The Imperialists surprised inter pocula at Francfurt Page 36 Letter A. The Imperialists had forty-one Cornets defeated before their comming to Verben Page 52 Letter A. The Imperialists were twice stronger then our Army at Verben Page 55 Letter G. The Imperialists lost at Leipsigh eigh-thousand men Page 67 Letter X. As Ignorance precipitates men into danger so to a generous heart nothing seemes difficile Page 69 Letter Z. No greater Ioy can come to man then to overcome his Enemy by fighting Page 70 Letter C. The Imperialists committed great abuses at the intaking of Vysingberg Page 122 Letter B. The Imperiall Leaguer before Nurenberg did extend from Stein to the Flect called Zarendorffe Page 134 Letter W. The Imperialists chased out of Furt at the comming of the Swedens succours Page 147 Letter Q. The Imperiall Leaguer saluted with Cannon for a whole day Page 148 Letter R. The Imperiall Colonells diverse killed at Nurenberg Page 151 Letter V. Ignominy losse of life the fruit of entertaining to much Camradship Page 161 Letter I. When Industry cannot purchase one smile from fortune some others are
wrapped up in fortunes lap Page 174 Letter M. Intelligence the good of it most necessary to an Army Page 179 Letter Y. K. Kinphowsen affirmed that one ounce of good fortune was better then a pound weight of wit Page 10 Letter O. The King of Sweden doubted never to let put in execution what he once commanded Page 16 Letter Y. The King of Sweden i◠extremity of cold being all wet did eate before he changed clothes Page 21 Letter D. The King of Sweden though stout was seene to stoope for a Cannon Bullet Page 22 Letter D. The King of Sweden did outshoote old Tilly in experience Page 25 Letter I. The King of Sweden did discharge the duty of a Generall Major before Francfurt Page 31 Letter T. The King of Sweden when his Army was weakest he digged most in the ground Page 41 Letter H. The King of Sweden at Berlin forced the Duke of Brandenburg to quit the Saxon. Page 43 Letter M. The King of Sweden was alike ready to governe the State as to fight his Enemies Page 46 Letter Q. The King of Sweden caused draw his great Cannon through the River of the Elve on their Carriage Page 49 Letter W. The King of Sweden his order in defending his Leaguer worthy observance Page 51 Letter The King of Sweden seekes advice of his chiefe Officers at Verben Page 52 Letter B. The King of Sweden with a strong party chased the Emperialists within their Army Page 54 Letter F. The Kings prudency and wisdome in command answerable to the dignity of his Majesticke person Page 57 Letter I. When a King fights a battell he puts much on hazard Page 62 Letter Q. The King of Sweden makes merry with the Duke of Saxon at Hall Page 74 Letter L. The King of Sweden for the advancement of the warre made a like use of Protestants and Lutherans Page 77 Letter R. Kings or Princes have no other charters then their sword and the oath of fidelity Page 77 Letter S. The King of Sweden to march over Duringvault did divide his Army Page 78 Letter T. The King of Sweden caused publish and Edict in Franconia Page 85 Letter D. The King of Sweden considering the weakenesse of his Army at Wertzburg gave out some monies Page 86 Letter H. The King of Sweden steered his course aright at Wertzburg Page 87 Letter H. The King of Sweden alike able tam arte quà m Marte Page 87 Letter I. The King of Sweden marched through Francfurt as in a solemne precession for order Page 89 Letter L. The King of Sweden Patriot and Protector of Religion in Germany Page 90 Letter P. The King of Bohemia wonderfully well liked of by the Cities and Commonalty in Germany Page 91 Letter R. The King of Sweden made no difference of seasons to pusue his Enemies Page 92 Letter V. The King of Sweden in six monthes freed the Paltz of all the Enemies Page 94 Letter Y. The King of Sweden for his Sisters sake the Queene of Bohemia in one night did anger the King of Spaine the Emperour and the King of France Page 93 Letter Y. The King of Sweden and his Chancellour sate whole dayes at Counsell Page 100 Letter H. The King of Sweden his peremptory answer to the French Ambassadour at Mentz Page 100 Letter K. The King of Sweden did grant a stil stand on a condition Page 105 Letter P. The King of Sweden entertained foure whole Armies at once Page 107 Letter A. The King of Bohemia his discourse with the Scots Briggad at Vinchen Page 110 Letter D. The King of Sweden and the King of Bohemia nobly received by the Lords of Nurenberg Page 111 Letter F. The King of Sweden gives God thankes in Saint Annes Church at Ausburg Page 117 Letter R. The K. of Swedē his speech cōsiderable his horse being shot under him Page 123 Letter D. The King of Sweden a good shepherd Page 130 Letter O. The King of Sweden finding the Enemy strong gave some contentment unto his weake Army Page 131 Letter Q. The King of Sweden and the Emperiall Army had the eyes of all Europe fixed on their Actions Page 140 Letter E. The King of Sweden rides at Anchor as at a Bay under Nurenberg Page 140 Letter F. The King of Sweden defeats a party of the Emperialists at Bosbore in the upper Paltz Page 145 Letter M. The King of Sweden ever enemy to idlenesse Page 151 Letter X. The King of Sweden divideth his Army in Bavier to march into Saxony Page 159 Letter I. The King of Sweden having thanked the Scots Briggad left them in Bavaria to be strengthened Page 159 Letter M. The King of Sweden on his march to Saxony did cut off with a party three hundred Emperialists Page 160 Letter N. The King joyned his Army with Duke Bernard of Wymar in Duringlang Page 160 Letter N. The King of Sweden leaving the Queene at Erford made a speech to the Counsill Page 160 Letter O. The King of Sweden crossed the Leake with the Army and marched to Nawmberg Page 161 Letter P. The King of Sweden caused to throw off the Bridges on the Sale Page 161 Letter P. The King of Sweden as a Souldier troubled with a double care Page 161 Letter Q. The King of Sweden his exhortation to the people Page 161 Letter R. The King of Sweden compared to the Sunne Page 162 Letter S. The King of Sweden his exhortation at Leitzen to fight well Page 163 Letter T. The King of Sweden having charged bravely his enemies being thrice wounded fell at Leitzen Page 164 Letter W. A King ought never to endanger himselfe his Crowne and Country on a day of battle Page 166 Letter The King of Sweden at Leitzen discharged alike the duty of a King and of a Souldier Page 167 Letter A. The Oppression done to the poore causeth the unfortunate events of warlike enterprises Page 48 Letter V The Order his Majesty appointed to be kept at Verben Leaguer is worth the observance Page 51 Letter The Order his Majesty placed the Army unto at Leipsigh is worth the observance Page 64 Letter S. To Obtaine Victory art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare are requisite Page 69 Letter An Outfall well repulsed by push of pike Page 162 Letter S. Opportunity of time a swift Eagle Page 129 Letter N. Oxensterne the Chancellour appointed by the King of Sweden to have the direction at Nurenberg Page 153 Letter A. The Office of a Generall a great charge Page 137 Letter A. An Outfall made at Rhine by Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Page 100 Letter I. P. The Plague or Postilence though raging among Souldiers ought not to hinder them from going freely on their duties Page 10 Letter O. The Pest raging at Statin fewer Scots died then of other Nations causâ incognitâ Page 12 Letter R. Princes that are absolute should have way given unto them in things indifferent Page 13 Letter T. A Prentiship well
employed in Sweden such as Colonell Scot Colonell Seaton and Colonell Thomson others also were employed in his Majesties service in Spruce as Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to foote over English Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote over Scots and William Kunningham Colonell to foote over Scots Alexander Gordon Colonell to foote over Dutch which Officers with their Regiments after conclusion of the peace made with the Kings Majestie of Polle were also brought into Dutchland against the Saxon and the Emperour Thus farre en passant I was bold to inferre to satisfie the curious Reader and his Highnesse to whom we all vowed faith and obedience being formerly led by such a Generall as the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden who did instruct us all to doe his Highnesse service in all respects to the sacrificing of our lives untill his Highnesse be avenged of his enemies and most honourably restored to his Country credit honours and former losses For we know Germany so well that without guides we can enter their Cities where we know them weakest having helped to subdue many of them before as shall be evident before our expedition come to an end Where we would wish such a Leader as his Highnesse or one of the race come of the Iewell of Europe his Royall Mother for whom and her royall Issue we are obliged and resolved yet to fight till her Throne be established in despight of her enemies Here also we see God will not suffer those Christians unpunished that violate their promise as was seene on Colonell Grame whose fault is too common amongst their faction that hold for a maxime they are not bound to keepe promise or accord unto us as was seene on Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment marching out of Stâ—bing the conditions of their accord being broken unto them the Souldiers were forced to serve and the Officers were made prisoners If my fortune were once againe to command the Guards in Memmungen in Bavier the Dukes chiefe residence though I would not breake my word I would hazard to breake my sword to be avenged on those who keepe no promise or oath being enemies to God and to his truth as they did witnesse by their cruelty used at Bamberg where the Felt-marshall being set on unawares was forced to retire having sent away his cannon before him choosing the least of two inconveniences having thought better to endanger a few men in skirmish than by standing to hazard the losse of all and of his cannon Where we see that it is hard for a brave Commander to make a good retreat without cannon where on the contrary having a little time with some advantage of ground it is easie retiring from the fiercest enemy who may lose himselfe and his Army with pressing too farre forwards against cannon Likewise there is nothing more able for to make a partie of horsmen fortunate than a reasonable supply of musketiers ever to attend them for they are ever best together Moreover we have here a laudable custome of a brave Commander as his Majesty was being as carefull in maintaining his conquest as he was fortunat in conquering for before his Majesty would march from the Rhine towards the Danow he first established the Rex-chancellor of Sweden at Mentz leaving unto his care the direction of the Army left in the Palatinat to attend the Spaniard which Army was to be led by Palsgrave Christian Brickafield being at least eight thousand strong The twenty seventh Duty discharged of our March from Mentz unto Francony and to Shawbach HIS Majesty having got intelligence of the Ruffle Generall Tilly had given at Bamberg to Felt-marshall Horne and hearing the Felt-marshall was retired on Swinford incontinent his Majesties Army was brought together at Mentz and leaving the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne in the Paltz at Mentz as director and to attend on the Spanish forces till the Paltz were cleered of the enemie The sixth of March his Majesty did breake up from Francford where in the fields before Aschaffenburg the Army made a shew in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Marquesse of Hamilton and divers others men of quality and having passed the bridge we quartered over night in the fields on the backe side of the hill and the next day continued our march towards Lore and having sent before to make provision for the Army in all parts where he resolved to quarter through Franconia being free of our enemies The next night we quartered at Erinfield and our Briggad passing by Gemond we marched on Carlestat where we quartered over night the next day continuing our march we joyned at night with the army at Tettelbach where before our upbreaking the next morning a fire being entred in the Subburbs as his Majesty was marching out of quarter those of Spences Regiment were blamed for this accident though innocent Neverthelesse his Majesties rage continued the whole day and we being separated his Majesty marched on Kitchen on the Maine to joyne with the Felt-marshall and we were commanded to march on Oxenford on the Maine and from thence to Vinchen where we againe were to joyne with the Army having ever our cannon and Amunition waggons along with us On Sunday in the afternoone his Majesty againe over-viewed the Army being set in order of Battaile the Felt-marshalls forces and some new forces having joyned with us being pleasant to behould where in time of the show his Majesty of Bohemia did come and salute our Briggad being resaluted with all due respect of the whole body of the Briggad where his Majesty was pleased to shew us how glad he was of the good report and commendation his Majesty of Sweden had given of our good service the continuance whereof he hartily wished Our Army this day was above twenty thousand men horse and foote besides those did belong to the Artillery being all in good order Generall Tilly having understood of his Majesties coming and of the strength of his Army he thought as best for the safety of his Army not to stay our coming and besetting Bamberg and Forcham with new levied men taking the ould Souldiers with him he marched towards Newmarke in the upper Palatinat having taken all the best things he could finde within the Bishopricke of Bamberg with him on waggons And having sent his Generall Quartermaster before him towards Loaffe he was met by some of the Swedens party and being kill'd all his letters were brought unto his Majesty and before his Majesty brake up with the Army he caused to publish an Edict over all Franconia that all sort of people which had before bin fugitives for feare of Religion they were all free to returne unto their houses againe not being molested or troubled in the peaceable labouring of the ground Likewise on this march a strong party of our Army led by Colonell Sparereutter Rancountring with the enemies party by S. hawbbishhall after a long skirmish the Emperialists were made to retire with losâ—e towards the Castle
of Daâ—berg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Câ—abbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsâ—n on Wolmersdoâ—ffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnâ—ts a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fâ—â—les with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credence many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning fâ—aver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Iâ—habitants had given their Oaâ—h of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a prâ—gresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best â—e could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all fires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards