glad_a of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o ill_a usage_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o according_o he_o cut_v off_o his_o master_n head_n upon_o a_o log_n of_o wood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o beef_n and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v he_o several_a slash_n before_o he_o can_v entire_o separate_v his_o head_n from_o his_o body_n stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o polotta_n in_o muscovy_n anno_fw-la 1579._o and_o after_o a_o most_o vigorous_a resistance_n the_o besiege_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o offer_v to_o surrender_v the_o place_n the_o capitulation_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n except_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o governor_n who_o continual_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o burgher_n to_o make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o honourable_a to_o die_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o to_o save_v their_o life_n by_o a_o ignominious_a treaty_n and_o indeed_o neither_o the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o governor_n will_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n but_o retire_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sophia_n whence_o steven_n battori_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n when_o the_o polish_v garrison_n enter_v the_o town_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o store_n and_o ammunition_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n they_o be_v surprise_v to_o behold_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o horrible_a and_o brutish_a cruelty_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v practise_v on_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n they_o find_v some_o of_o they_o most_o barbarous_o tear_v in_o piece_n some_o half_a boil_a in_o great_a kettle_n with_o their_o hand_n tie_v behind_o their_o back_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o rip_v up_o their_o belly_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o rage_n and_o indignation_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a scene_n of_o horror_n that_o they_o will_v have_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o countryman_n upon_o the_o whole_a muscovitish_a garrison_n but_o king_n stephen_n generous_o consider_v that_o no_o provocation_n can_v excuse_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o send_v the_o muscovite_n back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n under_o the_o convoy_n of_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n i_o can_v easy_o produce_v many_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v natural_o cruel_a i_o return_v now_o to_o that_o memorable_a irruption_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v into_o poland_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o success_n that_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n lovise_n mary_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o silesia_n for_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v abandon_v they_o and_o follow_v the_o rapidity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n fortune_n but_o the_o polander_n afterward_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o fault_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o forsake_v their_o king_n and_o those_o who_o have_v still_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o resume_v fresh_a courage_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n czarneski_n they_o by_o degree_n expel_v the_o swede_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o three_o day_n thus_o the_o kingdom_n be_v reconquer_v and_o the_o swede_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n prince_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o neighbour_a conqueror_n that_o they_o be_v even_o willing_a to_o assist_v a_o former_a enemy_n against_o the_o unequal_a force_n of_o a_o ambitious_a and_o successful_a invader_n for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o polander_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n who_o have_v besiege_v leopold_n the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v also_o invade_v lithuania_n immediate_o quit_v that_o duchy_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o swede_n in_o livonia_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o diversion_n and_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v natural_o enemy_n to_o all_o christian_n and_o in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o the_o polish_v nation_n not_o only_o send_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o k._n of_o poland_n but_o force_v the_o cossack_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n to_o succour_v the_o polander_n oblige_v the_o emperor_n also_o to_o send_v they_o some_o troop_n but_o he_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o his_o assistance_n for_o the_o saltwork_n be_v mortgage_v to_o he_o for_o some_o year_n he_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o export_v that_o the_o work_n be_v almost_o ruin_v nor_o be_v the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n the_o only_a troublesome_a neighbour_n to_o poland_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n owe_v to_o the_o german_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n king_n of_o poland_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o be_v master_n of_o prussia_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n of_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o overpower_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o expel_v they_o utter_o out_o of_o his_o dominion_n when_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n desire_v he_o to_o refer_v the_o difference_n that_o occasion_v the_o war_n to_o his_o arbitration_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o grant_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n a_o truce_n for_o two_o year_n jagellon_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o since_o the_o emperor_n design_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v be_v able_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o desence_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v care_n to_o adjust_a these_o difference_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a the_o polander_n be_v divide_v fear_v that_o after_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v make_v a_o vigorous_a attempt_n to_o retake_v silesia_n which_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v late_o usurp_v king_n jagellon_n perceive_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v disappoint_v he_o send_v to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o it_o seem_v sigismond_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o remember_v the_o service_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1414_o when_o they_o oblige_v the_o turk_n to_o restore_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v and_o to_o grant_v he_o a_o truce_n for_o six_o year_n and_o that_o jagellon_fw-mi not_o only_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n which_o the_o revolt_a hussites_n have_v offer_v he_o but_o exhort_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o their_o prince_n thus_o without_o consider_v those_o important_a service_n and_o without_o examine_v the_o matter_n he_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o polander_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n which_o so_o incense_v king_n jagellon_n that_o he_o dispatch_v one_o immediate_o to_o reproach_v he_o with_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o friendship_n whereupon_o sigismond_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o by_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o knight_n though_o the_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o be_v angry_a with_o he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seem_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o resentment_n that_o he_o go_v as_o far_o as_o luceoria_n to_o see_v he_o and_o his_o uncle_n vitold_v pretend_v a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o they_o though_o his_o real_a design_n be_v to_o divide_v '_o they_o he_o know_v that_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o violent_a and_o ambitious_a prince_n and_o that_o his_o nephew_n have_v entrust_v he_o with_o a_o very_a great_a authority_n in_o lithuania_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o corrupt_v his_o fidelity_n and_o inspire_v he_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o revolt_v he_o insinuate_v that_o a_o prince_n of_o so_o much_o merit_n ought_v not_o to_o depend_v â—pon_o his_o nephew_n but_o to_o think_v how_o
enemy_n and_o that_o a_o conqueror_n may_v quick_o ruin_v himself_o by_o neglect_v the_o prudent_a maxim_n of_o a_o cautious_a policy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v army_n arrive_v near_o the_o city_n of_o orsza_n the_o muscovite_n retire_v about_o 4000_o pace_n beyond_o the_o boristhenes_n conclude_v that_o their_o retreat_n will_v embolden_v the_o polander_n to_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o that_o afterward_o they_o may_v easy_o defeat_v they_o and_o intercept_v their_o flight_n the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n be_v then_o at_o smolensko_n about_o thirteen_o league_n from_o his_o army_n where_o he_o employ_v his_o time_n in_o divide_v lithuania_n and_o share_v it_o among_o his_o general_n allot_v to_o each_o of_o they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o country_n on_o the_o map_n and_o consider_v how_o he_o shall_v dispose_v of_o a_o army_n who_o he_o look_v upon_o already_o as_o his_o prisoner_n but_o the_o polander_n who_o have_v always_o the_o advantage_n over_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o open_a field_n be_v so_o incense_v at_o the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o threaten_v to_o whip_v they_o that_o they_o resolve_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o part_n one_o command_v by_o general_n suirczowski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o general_n ostrogski_n the_o two_o general_n have_v hold_v a_o council_n of_o war_n command_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v lay_v over_o the_o river_n and_o order_v all_o the_o artillery_n with_o the_o infantry_n to_o pass_v the_o same_o which_o be_v do_v the_o cavalry_n follow_v they_o with_o a_o incredible_a bravery_n the_o muscovite_n pursuant_n to_o the_o czar_n order_n not_o stir_v from_o their_o post_n the_o two_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n suirczowski_n detach_v 800_o horse_n for_o a_o body_n of_o reserve_n and_o order_v they_o to_o post_v themselves_o in_o a_o wood_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n and_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n to_o sally_v out_o and_o attack_v the_o muscovite_n with_o terrible_a cry_n to_o put_v they_o into_o a_o consternation_n king_n sigismund_n army_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n have_v the_o right_a wing_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n the_o left_a the_o infantry_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o battle_n begin_v about_o three_o a_o clock_n the_o polander_n first_fw-mi attacking_z the_o muscovite_n with_o a_o undaunted_a resolution_n sometime_o they_o gain_v ground_n of_o they_o and_o sometime_o be_v repulse_v by_o the_o unequal_a number_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o immediate_o they_o rally_v and_o break_v through_o they_o afresh_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n ostrogski_n who_o command_v the_o lithuanian_n attack_v the_o muscovite_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a fury_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n among_o they_o there_o be_v in_o the_o polish_v camp_n a_o little_a rise_a ground_n which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o their_o artillery_n be_v plant_v there_o make_v such_o a_o dreadful_a havoc_n in_o the_o enemy_n rear_n and_o break_v all_o their_o rank_n in_o so_o terrible_a a_o manner_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v disorder_v and_o to_o take_v the_o flight_n and_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n perceive_v that_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n give_v way_n begin_v also_o to_o fly_v while_o they_o be_v still_o sight_v in_o the_o van_fw-mi during_o this_o disorder_n the_o 800_o horse_n who_o be_v post_v in_o the_o wood_n attack_v the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o flank_n with_o so_o much_o fury_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o whole_a army_n give_v ground_n and_o flee_v in_o this_o battle_n 32000_o muscovite_n be_v kill_v and_o many_o drown_v in_o a_o morass_n which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o flight_n some_o affirm_v the_o muscovite_n lose_v 40000_o man_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n grow_v red_a with_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v sn_v on_o its_o bank_n the_o polander_n take_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prisoner_n and_o among_o other_o ten_o general_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o muscovy_n seventeen_o palatine_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o two_o thousand_o gentleman_n of_o the_o polander_n there_o be_v but_o 400_o man_n kill_v but_o the_o number_n of_o the_o wound_a be_v much_o great_a they_o obtain_v this_o memorable_a victory_n march_v 25._o 1614_o after_o the_o gain_n of_o such_o a_o important_a battle_n the_o loss_n of_o which_o will_v have_v be_v infallible_o attend_v with_o the_o total_a ruin_n not_o only_o of_o lithuania_n but_o also_o of_o poland_n the_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o they_o may_v have_v easy_o retake_v during_o the_o universal_a consternation_n that_o be_v spread_v over_o muscovy_n but_o instead_o of_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o that_o advantage_n they_o retire_v without_o make_v any_o further_a attempt_n and_o king_n sigismond_n himself_o who_o expect_v the_o event_n at_o boryssow_n return_v to_o vilna_n with_o the_o prisoner_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o he_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o triumph_n from_o thence_o he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o all_o christian_a prince_n to_o notify_v the_o great_a victory_n which_o he_o have_v obtain_v over_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o their_o eye_n as_o well_o as_o ear_n may_v convince_v they_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o advice_n the_o envoy_n be_v accompany_v with_o fourteen_o muscovite_n who_o be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o white_a hair_n but_o the_o emperor_n be_v enrage_v at_o the_o loss_n which_o his_o ally_n have_v sustain_v and_o at_o the_o unhappy_a event_n of_o a_o war_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o author_n surprise_v the_o envoy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o they_o be_v pass_v through_o his_o territory_n and_o take_v their_o prisoner_n from_o they_o who_o he_o send_v back_o to_o the_o czar_n by_o the_o way_n of_o lubec_n it_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o the_o polander_n to_o neglect_v the_o advantage_n which_o they_o obtain_v over_o their_o enemy_n that_o after_o they_o have_v defeat_v gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n in_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v wound_v and_o can_v hardly_o secure_v his_o own_o person_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o pursue_v he_o that_o they_o suffer_v he_o to_o retire_v to_o stum_n between_o marienburg_n and_o marienwerder_n where_o have_v rally_v his_o scatter_a force_n he_o renew_v the_o war_n with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o nor_o be_v they_o guilty_a of_o a_o less_o inexcusable_a blunder_n after_o the_o victory_n they_o obtain_v in_o vkrania_n june_n 30._o 1651_o for_o though_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o the_o cham_n with_o chemelnski_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o polander_v retire_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v beat_v and_o immediate_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o which_o they_o suffer_v the_o cossack_n to_o keep_v a_o army_n of_o 20000_o man_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiowia_fw-la this_o reflection_n be_v so_o just_a and_o important_a that_o i_o can_v forbear_v add_v another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1489._o about_o that_o time_n russia_n and_o podolia_n be_v miserable_o harass_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o infest_a these_o province_n with_o continual_a inroad_n and_o always_o return_v home_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o slave_n at_o last_o king_n casimir_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o the_o country_n upon_o advice_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v prepare_v to_o make_v a_o new_a incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o podolia_n he_o send_v john_n albert_n his_o son_n with_o a_o body_n of_o light_a horse_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o order_v all_o the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n and_o podolia_n to_o join_v he_o the_o tartar_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o body_n the_o first_o of_o which_o consist_v of_o 15000_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o of_o 10000_o be_v return_v home_o without_o fear_v any_o danger_n with_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o slave_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n but_o the_o young_a prince_n with_o his_o troop_n meet_v the_o first_o attack_v and_o total_o rout_v they_o and_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o booty_n and_o slave_n they_o have_v carry_v away_o after_o this_o success_n he_o march_v immediate_o to_o attack_v the_o other_o body_n the_o officer_n who_o command_v they_o make_v some_o resistance_n but_o be_v at_o last_o kill_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o polander_n be_v weary_a with_o cut_v off_o so_o many_o head_n for_o not_o one_o of_o the_o tartar_n return_v to_o the_o crim._n this_o total_a defeat_n of_o the_o
put_v the_o standard_n which_o he_o have_v illegal_o set_v put_v their_o article_n of_o confederacy_n be_v tear_v to_o piece_n which_o be_v do_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v sing_v and_o the_o day_n conclude_v with_o a_o noble_a feast_n at_o the_o crown_n general_n be_v palace_n where_o baronowsky_n and_o other_o officer_n be_v noble_o entertain_v though_o the_o emperor_n have_v hitherto_o appear_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o prince_n james_n the_o queen_n of_o poland_n think_v to_o write_v in_o his_o behalf_n both_o to_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o to_o the_o empress_n and_o much_o about_o that_o time_n a_o letter_n pretend_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr chateauneuf_fw-fr ambassador_n of_o france_n to_o constantinople_n be_v dispatch_v through_o poland_n and_o do_v the_o french_a a_o great_a prejudice_n this_o letter_n be_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1695_o and_o intercept_v by_o a_o party_n of_o german_n so_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o think_v fit_a to_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o senate_n the_o abbot_n give_v a_o account_n in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o ill_a condition_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n tell_v monsieur_n chateauneuf_n that_o the_o turk_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o they_o and_o quit_v their_o enterprise_n against_o hungary_n to_o oppose_v a_o people_n who_o say_v he_o can_v do_v they_o no_o harm_n because_o of_o their_o division_n and_o it_o contain_v some_o odd_a reflection_n on_o the_o king_n and_o the_o crown-general_n as_o if_o they_o have_v know_v and_o be_v glad_a that_o he_o shall_v serve_v the_o turk_n as_o spy_n this_o letter_n do_v so_o high_o incense_v the_o pole_n that_o it_o be_v very_o much_o insist_v that_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o declare_v whether_o he_o have_v do_v it_o by_o his_o master_n order_n or_o of_o his_o own_o head_n and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v it_o by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n he_o may_v be_v expel_v the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o minister_n of_o a_o prince_n enemy_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o that_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v commit_v that_o villainous_a fact_n without_o any_o order_n that_o such_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o as_o the_o law_n ordain_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o traitor_n the_o french_a ambassador_n deny_v the_o fact_n and_o prepare_v a_o write_v to_o disow_v the_o letter_n and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v forge_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n but_o as_o his_o party_n grow_v so_o strong_a as_o to_o make_v he_o fear_v nothing_o as_o to_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o impression_n that_o letter_n may_v have_v wrought_v upon_o the_o pole_n his_o apology_n be_v never_o publish_a which_o silence_n have_v corroborate_v all_o the_o proof_n the_o imperialist_n allege_v to_o convince_v the_o senate_n of_o its_o be_v genuine_a the_o abbot_n of_o chateauneuf's_n brother_n to_o the_o french_a ambassador_n at_o constantinople_n arrive_v about_o that_o time_n at_o warsaw_n be_v send_v by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o assist_v polignac_n in_o his_o negotiation_n and_o temper_v a_o little_a his_o eagerness_n and_o passion_n which_o have_v be_v like_a to_o prejudice_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o master_n this_o new_a minister_n confirm_v the_o promise_n polignac_n have_v make_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o add_v some_o other_o in_o relation_n to_o a_o advantageous_a peace_n with_o the_o turk_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n approach_v the_o particular_a diet_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o break_v up_o with_o more_o tranquillity_n than_o be_v expect_v the_o nobility_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n make_v a_o act_n of_o association_n whereby_o they_o promise_v upon_o oath_n mutual_o to_o assist_v each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v corrupt_v by_o any_o party_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o procure_v and_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o country_n with_o unanimity_n and_o fidelity_n the_o number_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v not_o much_o increase_v for_o beside_o these_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v no_o other_o have_v yet_o appear_v except_o the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n but_o few_o day_n before_o the_o great_a diet_n begin_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v to_o see_v prince_n livio_n odeschalchi_n nephew_n to_o innocent_a xi_o put_v in_o for_o the_o crown_n for_o no_o body_n think_v he_o carry_v his_o pretension_n so_o high_a however_o he_o be_v like_a to_o outbid_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v upon_o what_o account_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o set_v at_o large_a in_o this_o place_n the_o proposal_n he_o make_v to_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v see_v the_o magnanimous_a prince_n odeschalchi_n nephew_n to_o pope_n innocent_a xi_o of_o glorious_a memory_n be_v one_o of_o those_o that_o have_v conceive_v a_o extraordinary_a tenderness_n and_o affection_n for_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n as_o well_o out_o of_o his_o own_o inclination_n as_o a_o imitatation_n of_o his_o uncle_n he_o make_v bold_a to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o candidate_n at_o the_o new_a election_n of_o a_o king_n not_o that_o he_o have_v any_o design_n to_o cross_v the_o royal_a prince_n of_o poland_n no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o their_o own_o virtue_n than_o for_o the_o heroic_a achievement_n of_o their_o decease_a glorious_a father_n or_o to_o oppose_v those_o other_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n whether_o native_n or_o foreigner_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v through_o any_o unfortunate_a event_n that_o none_o of_o those_o competitor_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o polish_v throne_n and_o that_o the_o magnanimous_a prince_n odeschalchi_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o will_v willing_o submit_v his_o person_n and_o all_o that_o he_o have_v in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n and_o moreover_o see_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v support_v by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n he_o shall_v be_v sole_o behold_v for_o his_o election_n to_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o illustrious_a polish_v nation_n and_o will_v bound_v himself_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o his_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o follow_a condition_n i._o that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n as_o also_o the_o condition_n that_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o ii_o that_o he_o will_v in_o no_o manner_n whatsoever_o violate_v the_o precious_a liberty_n of_o the_o polish_v nation_n but_o rather_o defend_v it_o upon_o all_o occasion_n with_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n iii_o that_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o will_v supply_v the_o republic_n with_o eight_o million_o of_o florin_n in_o polish_v money_n before_o he_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o the_o kingdom_n iv_o that_o he_o will_v redeem_v elbing_n from_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o reimburse_v the_o money_n for_o which_o it_o be_v former_o mortgage_v to_o he_o v._o that_o he_o will_v use_v his_o best_a endeavour_n to_o recover_v caminiek_n and_o other_o territory_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v usurp_v from_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n vi_o that_o to_o discharge_v the_o republic_n from_o the_o assignment_n that_o be_v usual_o allot_v to_o the_o new_a queen_n he_o will_v never_o marry_v or_o if_o the_o nation_n desire_v he_o shall_v he_o will_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o wife_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a vii_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n for_o the_o future_a the_o army_n shall_v be_v regular_o pay_v viii_o that_o he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n find_v a_o college_n at_o rome_n for_o 25_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o as_o many_o lithuanian_n with_o a_o sufficient_a revenue_n for_o their_o maintenance_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n ix_o that_o if_o he_o come_v to_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o republic_n shall_v be_v the_o sole_a heiress_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n of_o money_n and_o land_n as_o also_o of_o all_o his_o rich_a and_o costly_a movable_n x._o for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o these_o promise_n he_o be_v ready_a to_o engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a act_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n all_o his_o hereditary_a land_n in_o the_o milanese_n as_o also_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ceri_fw-la bracciano_n and_o palo_n the_o marquisate_n of_o roncofredi_n and_o the_o county_n of_o montejano_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n arsenal_n and_o brass_n canon_n that_o be_v in_o those_o place_n he_o will_v engage_v likewise_o all_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o he_o have_v at_o interest_n at_o rome_n naples_n venice_n genoa_n madrid_n amsterdam_n etc._n etc._n xi_o last_o the_o envoy_n of_o prince_n odeschalchi_n to_o the_o diet_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a to_o whosoever_o shall_v desire_v it_o by_o
fire_v of_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o three_o salvo_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a force_n encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o cracow_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n and_o be_v set_a upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o their_o town_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o maiesty_n clemency_n and_o affection_n and_o read_v with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v after_o which_o they_o present_v according_a to_o custom_n a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v please_v to_o confer_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o all_o the_o people_n be_v about_o the_o throne_n a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o office_n of_o treasurer_n scatter_v some_o money_n among_o they_o which_o liberality_n be_v proclaim_v by_o great_a acclamation_n of_o joy_n and_o long_o live_v friderick_n augustus_n our_o king_n the_o diet_n which_o be_v call_v some_o time_n before_o meet_v at_o cracow_n according_a to_o custom_n and_o at_o their_o first_o meeting_n some_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n make_v some_o reflection_n on_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o senator_n who_o have_v advisd_v the_o hasten_v of_o the_o king_n coronation_n which_o as_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o have_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n be_v accommodate_v to_o which_o they_o say_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n be_v incline_v but_o they_o be_v silence_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o will_v not_o hear_v such_o discourse_n the_o contest_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n go_v so_o far_o that_o the_o sabres_fw-es be_v draw_v but_o at_o last_o the_o matter_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o starost_n minsky_n of_o lithuania_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n and_o so_o the_o diet_n go_v on_o upon_o public_a business_n some_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n of_o war_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o his_o force_n towards_o dantzick_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n land_v and_o another_o to_o warsaw_n to_o secure_v the_o place_n and_o disperse_v the_o rebel_n which_o be_v according_o do_v the_o king_n in_o end_v to_o repair_v in_o few_o way_n to_o warsaw_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n but_o the_o primate_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o of_o his_o design_n to_o march_v to_o warsaw_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v embark_v on_o the_o vistula_n for_o jarreslow_v design_v to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o party_n to_o lowitz_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o morass_n belong_v to_o his_o eminence_n which_o he_o do_v few_o day_n after_o the_o whole_a party_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n coronation_n for_o they_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v have_v proceed_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v however_o they_o be_v not_o dishearten_v and_o they_o summon_v the_o nobility_n of_o upper_a poland_n to_o meet_v at_o lenovi_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o castellan_n of_o calish_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n at_o zawickhorst_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o beâ—z_n but_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n sapieha_n who_o be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o be_v daily_o expect_v that_o prince_n set_v out_o form_n dunkirk_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n on_o board_n the_o chevalier_n bart_n and_o arrive_v at_o dantzick_n the_o 25_o he_o send_v a_o gentleman_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o his_o arrival_n to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o desire_v a_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o city_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o highness_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v crown_v they_o can_v do_v no_o more_o for_o he_o than_o give_v he_o the_o liberty_n to_o come_v ashore_o himself_o with_o his_o servant_n alone_o but_o not_o suffer_v any_o officer_n or_o soldier_n to_o land_n or_o pass_v through_o their_o city_n the_o prince_n be_v very_o much_o mortify_v at_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o magistrate_n but_o his_o mortification_n increase_v much_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n that_o he_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o their_o proclaim_v his_o competitor_n with_o all_o imaginable_a solemnity_n which_o be_v a_o great_a disappointment_n to_o his_o party_n who_o think_v to_o have_v have_v their_o rendezvous_n in_o that_o place_n they_o have_v also_o buy_v several_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n but_o the_o magistrate_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o forbid_v the_o inhabitant_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sell_v any_o arm_n or_o ammunition_n to_o stranger_n the_o primate_n come_v incognito_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o highness_n with_o five_o or_o six_o other_o gentleman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n think_v fit_a to_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o notify_v his_o coronation_n as_o to_o answer_v some_o calumny_n raise_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o substance_n of_o those_o letter_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v concern_v to_o find_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o person_n so_o much_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n that_o he_o understand_v they_o complain_v of_o his_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o bring_v force_n into_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o therein_o but_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o unreasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o have_v use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o gain_v they_o by_o fair_a mean_n but_o the_o same_o not_o have_v have_v the_o effect_n he_o hope_v for_o his_o majesty_n place_n his_o confidence_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o they_o who_o choose_v he_o king_n will_v be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o own_o honour_n and_o liberty_n immediate_o after_o the_o coronation_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o arrear_n due_a to_o they_o declare_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n order_n the_o primate_n have_v send_v some_o deputy_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o party_n but_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v at_o lemberg_fw-mi of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o troop_n they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o venture_v to_o go_v to_o the_o camp_n for_o fear_v the_o general_n shall_v proceed_v against_o they_o as_o public_a enemy_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n 1697._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n one_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n will_v find_v himself_o disappoint_v his_o competitor_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n over_o he_o for_o although_o one_o will_v suppose_v which_o be_v certain_o false_a that_o their_o party_n in_o the_o republic_n be_v equal_a yet_o the_o elector_n territory_n border_v upon_o poland_n and_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o sweden_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n etc._n etc._n have_v declare_v for_o he_o his_o party_n must_v needs_o prevail_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o the_o supply_n from_o france_n which_o will_v be_v very_o uncertain_a consider_v the_o distance_n from_o france_n to_o poland_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o reader_n do_v perhaps_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o election_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o polish_v law_n or_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v neither_o improbable_a nor_o impossible_a but_o this_o inquity_n will_v
to_o make_v himself_o at_o least_o his_o equal_a add_v that_o since_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n as_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o will_v make_v he_o king_n of_o lithuania_n and_o send_v he_o the_o crown_n with_o all_o the_o other_o royal_a ornament_n to_o which_o vitold_v reply_v that_o though_o he_o will_v not_o refuse_v the_o offer_n he_o can_v â—ot_n accept_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n have_v receive_v this_o answer_n he_o go_v to_o jagellon_n and_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o nation_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o oppose_v that_o design_n if_o the_o senate_n will_v consent_v to_o it_o the_o senator_n be_v assemble_v for_o that_o end_n and_o vitold_v present_a the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o sigismond_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o his_o side_n have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o confuse_a discourse_n without_o come_v to_o any_o certain_a conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n rise_v up_o in_o his_o place_n and_o blame_v vitold_n design_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o zeal_n and_o boldness_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o he_o and_o confirm_v by_o mutual_a oath_n by_o which_o they_o have_v unite_v lithuania_n to_o poland_n that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n for_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o age_n and_o who_o have_v acquire_v so_o much_o glory_n to_o discover_v so_o irregular_a a_o ambition_n that_o will_v infallible_o expose_v both_o the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n to_o unavoidable_a ruin_n add_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o sigismund_n kindness_n be_v treacherous_a and_o fatal_a that_o he_o ought_v to_o suspect_v a_o present_a that_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o their_o common_a enemy_n that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v only_o to_o create_v a_o jealousy_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nephew_n that_o he_o may_v execute_v his_o design_n upon_o two_o disunited_a prince_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v while_o they_o be_v friend_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o set_v a_o great_a value_n on_o the_o favour_n and_o kindness_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n and_o from_o the_o polander_n than_o upon_o the_o vain_a and_o deceitful_a promise_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o german_n never_o have_v any_o real_a kindness_n either_o for_o he_o or_o the_o king_n that_o they_o have_v often_o violate_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n agree_v on_o between_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pretext_n of_o do_v they_o good_a office_n they_o have_v make_v frequent_a attempt_n to_o ruin_v they_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v prefer_v he_o before_o his_o own_o brother_n by_o entrust_v he_o with_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o lithuania_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o the_o pernicious_a insinuation_n of_o sigismond_n and_o that_o he_o hope_v so_o wise_a and_o judicious_a a_o prince_n will_v neither_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o nor_o the_o glory_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a action_n which_o he_o have_v perform_v to_o be_v stain_v by_o the_o treacherous_a artifices_fw-la of_o his_o enemy_n this_o harangue_n be_v applaud_v by_o the_o whole_a senate_n which_o so_o exasperate_v vitold_v that_o he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o assembly_n after_o he_o have_v assure_v they_o that_o since_o they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o he_o he_o will_v find_v some_o other_o way_n to_o compass_v his_o design_n thus_o the_o senate_n break_v up_o and_o king_n jagellon_n return_v to_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n stay_v some_o time_n with_o vitold_a at_o luceoria_n after_o which_o he_o go_v immediate_o to_o hungary_n lest_o the_o polander_n who_o he_o have_v offend_v shall_v raise_v some_o disturbance_n in_o that_o country_n and_o some_o time_n after_o he_o send_v a_o fine_a present_n to_o vitold_a as_o a_o pledge_n of_o the_o league_n they_o have_v enter_v into_o upon_o certain_a condition_n the_o king_n leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o secure_v himself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o his_o uncle_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o advice_n which_o sigismond_n have_v give_v he_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o lithuania_n for_o he_o have_v receive_v information_n that_o he_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o tentonic_a knight_n by_o the_o emperor_n advice_n and_o mediation_n vitold_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o design_n force_v the_o lithuanian_n to_o take_v a_o new_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o place_v garrison_n in_o the_o town_n of_o lithuania_n that_o border_v upon_o poland_n jagellon_fw-mi not_o be_v able_a to_o dissuade_v his_o uncle_n vitold_v from_o pursue_v the_o unnatural_a resolution_n with_o which_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v inspire_v he_o and_o understanding_n that_o he_o be_v sudden_o to_o be_v crown_v give_v order_n to_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o he_o and_o to_o surprise_v they_o in_o their_o journey_n from_o prussia_n to_o lithuania_n and_o according_o the_o chamberlain_z of_o posnania_n who_o receive_v that_o order_n seize_v two_o of_o those_o envoy_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n viz._n baptista_n cigale_n of_o genova_n and_o sigismond_n roth_n of_o silesia_n who_o be_v go_v to_o vitold_a in_o lithuania_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o letter_n which_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o he_o those_o letter_n be_v write_v to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o a_o emperor_n have_v power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n these_o envoy_n be_v also_o entrust_v with_o letter_n patent_n for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n into_o a_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v impower_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n against_o the_o polander_n the_o king_n have_v peruse_v all_o the_o letter_n command_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o posnania_n to_o return_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n for_o sigismond_n be_v send_v to_o vitold_a a_o embassy_n of_o german_n bohemian_o and_o hungarian_n who_o be_v carry_v the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o royal_a ornament_n to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o next_o morning_n but_o by_o that_o time_n they_o have_v reach_v frankfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge they_o understand_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v block_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n so_o that_o after_o they_o have_v stay_v two_o month_n in_o that_o city_n without_o dare_v to_o proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n they_o return_v to_o germany_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n vitold_v who_o have_v invite_v all_o the_o principal_a lord_n of_o lithuania_n and_o russia_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n to_o vilna_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o ceremony_n of_o his_o coronation_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v disappoint_v resolve_v himself_o to_o invite_v the_o king_n his_o nephew_n to_o a_o hunting-match_n in_o lithuania_n hope_v that_o he_o may_v easy_o persuade_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o advancement_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o goodness_n and_o easiness_n of_o the_o king_n temper_n order_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o accompany_v he_o that_o he_o may_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n without_o his_o advice_n when_o the_o king_n arrive_v at_o viâ—na_n vitold_v pray_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o coronation_n and_o not_o to_o envy_v he_o the_o honour_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v send_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n with_o he_o that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o without_o his_o approbation_n upon_o which_o vitold_v send_v some_o person_n to_o that_o prelate_n to_o bribe_v his_o fidelity_n with_o assurance_n of_o a_o magnificent_a reward_n add_v in_o a_o flatter_a and_o oblige_v manner_n that_o his_o fortune_n depend_v upon_o he_o and_o that_o he_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o prove_v the_o only_a enemy_n to_o his_o advancement_n those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o this_o message_n have_v order_n to_o tell_v the_o bishop_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o a_o affront_v it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o master_n if_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v crown_v king_n that_o he_o desire_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o wear_v the_o crown_n for_o a_o moment_n and_o that_o he_o will_v quit_v it_o immediate_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o assure_v he_o that_o if_o he_o continue_v obstinate_o to_o oppose_v that_o prince_n design_n he_o will_v be_v his_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n and_o do_v every_o thing_n that_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispossess_v he_o
but_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n will_v not_o ratify_v that_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o war_n between_o poland_n and_o the_o port_n be_v renew_v with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o the_o two_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n advance_v towards_o podolia_n the_o one_o command_v by_o general_n sobieski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o general_n patz_n and_o march_v together_o to_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v encamp_v at_o chotzin_n on_o the_o niester_n about_o five_o league_n from_o caminiec_n where_o they_o fight_v and_o entire_o rout_n '_o they_o this_o victory_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a will_v have_v doubtless_o restore_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n to_o a_o good_a condition_n and_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o retaking_n of_o caminiec_n if_o the_o general_n have_v make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o so_o important_a a_o advantage_n but_o the_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o over_o than_o they_o carry_v home_o their_o troop_n the_o one_o into_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o into_o lithuania_n in_o which_o they_o imitate_v their_o predecessor_n swirâ—zowski_n and_o ostrogski_n who_o after_o they_o have_v obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o muscovite_n return_v home_o instead_o of_o march_v to_o attack_v smolensko_fw-mi which_o they_o have_v lose_v a_o little_a before_o and_o may_v then_o have_v easy_o retake_v the_o error_n which_o those_o two_o general_n commit_v by_o neglect_v so_o invite_v a_o opportunity_n to_o reduce_v smolensko_fw-mi be_v so_o unaccountable_a and_o so_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o policy_n and_o even_o of_o common_a prudence_n that_o i_o can_v forbear_v insert_v the_o whole_a story_n in_o the_o year_n 1512_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o count_n of_o scepusz_n which_o so_o incense_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n that_o he_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o involve_v poland_n either_o in_o a_o civil_a or_o foreign_a war._n it_o be_v in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o design_n that_o in_o a_o diet_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n he_o complain_v of_o king_n sigismund_n proceed_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v contrive_v indirect_a method_n to_o expel_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o prussia_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o where_o they_o have_v extirpated_a paganism_n and_o establish_v the_o faith_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o see_v he_o can_v not_o prevail_v with_o the_o prince_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o all_o the_o christian_n be_v ready_a to_o enter_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o the_o turk_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o basil_n duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o persuade_v he_o to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o polaender_n and_o to_o invade_v lithuania_n the_o muscovite_n rely_v upon_o this_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o emperor_n scruple_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v make_v with_o king_n sigismond_n he_o raise_v a_o army_n enter_v lithuania_n and_o after_o he_o have_v destroy_v the_o country_n sit_v down_o before_o smolensko_n but_o can_v not_o take_v it_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n sigismond_n be_v in_o poland_n and_o have_v no_o troop_n on_o foot_n to_o oppose_v he_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v break_v the_o peace_n without_o any_o cause_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1513_o to_o concert_v the_o measure_n that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o so_o press_v a_o exigency_n the_o czar_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n send_v to_o demand_v succour_n from_o the_o emperor_n his_o ally_n who_o only_o send_v he_o some_o engineer_n who_o cast_v 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n for_o he_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n have_v assemble_v a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n march_v with_o his_o 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n to_o besiege_v smolenske_a which_o he_o batter_v in_o a_o very_a furious_a manner_n the_o city_n be_v so_o close_o block_v up_o and_o the_o avenue_n so_o well_o guard_v that_o 500_o horse_n who_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n send_v to_o its_o relief_n can_v not_o get_v into_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o garrison_n make_v so_o vigorous_a a_o defence_n that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v discourage_v by_o the_o obstinate_a resistance_n of_o the_o polander_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o ravage_v lithuania_n a_o second_o time_n after_o they_o have_v send_v their_o booty_n to_o muscovy_n they_o return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n but_o the_o garrison_n defend_v the_o place_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o resolution_n that_o the_o czar_n despair_v of_o success_n resolve_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o glinski_n a_o lithuanian_a rebel_n persuade_v he_o to_o continue_v it_o insinuate_a that_o he_o can_v not_o without_o expose_v himself_o to_o eternal_a infamy_n suffer_v a_o impotent_a and_o dishearten_v enemy_n to_o insult_v over_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o last_o the_o cunning_a traitor_n who_o have_v engage_v basil_n in_o this_o enterprise_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o take_v the_o city_n by_o force_n resolve_v to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o this_o end_n he_o desire_v leave_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o governor_n to_o who_o he_o represent_v that_o his_o master_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o relieve_v he_o that_o the_o garrison_n can_v not_o hold_v out_o much_o long_o and_o that_o unless_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o bury_v himself_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o city_n he_o ought_v to_o consult_v his_o own_o true_a interest_n and_o accept_v the_o vast_a recompense_n which_o the_o czar_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v he_o thus_o the_o governor_n be_v persuade_v to_o surrender_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v possess_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n sigismond_n have_v receive_v at_o radom_n the_o news_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o important_a place_n he_o go_v immediate_o to_o lithuania_n in_o september_n and_o assemble_v all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o that_o duchy_n at_o vilna_n to_o deliberate_v with_o they_o how_o they_o may_v effectual_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o their_o victorious_a enemy_n 10000_o horse_n 20000_o foot_n and_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v raise_v in_o lithuania_n with_o which_o and_o with_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o necessary_a artillery_n the_o king_n set_v out_o from_o vilna_n with_o a_o design_n to_o attack_v the_o muscevite_n the_o czar_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n reassembled_a his_o troop_n and_o encamp_v near_o smolensko_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v sit_v down_o before_o it_o after_o he_o have_v reinforce_v the_o garrison_n he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o lithuania_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o minsk_n where_o sigismond_n arrive_v immediate_o after_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o muscovite_n that_o they_o retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o orsza_n not_o far_o from_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n berezina_fw-la without_o any_o opposition_n detach_v a_o body_n of_o 30000_o choose_a man_n who_o he_o order_v to_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n while_o he_o remain_v at_o boryssow_n on_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n where_o he_o cast_v up_o trench_n and_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o great_a diligence_n that_o if_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v gain_v the_o battle_n the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n may_v have_v the_o advantage_n of_o retire_v to_o a_o place_n of_o security_n and_o that_o he_o may_v afterward_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n who_o even_o after_o a_o victory_n will_v have_v be_v weaken_a by_o the_o battle_n and_o harass_v by_o the_o fatigue_n of_o so_o long_a a_o pursuit_n the_o czar_n who_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n despise_v that_o of_o poland_n which_o be_v not_o half_a so_o numerous_a and_o insolent_o boast_v that_o his_o soldier_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es against_o the_o polander_n but_o drive_v they_o all_o to_o muscovy_n with_o whip_n like_o herd_n of_o ox_n or_o flock_n of_o sheep_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o mere_a rhodomontade_fw-la for_o he_o actual_o give_v order_n to_o his_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es but_o let_v the_o polander_n pass_v the_o baristhenes_n without_o opposition_n and_o then_o whip_v they_o to_o muscovy_n but_o that_o insolent_a and_o haughty_a prince_n have_v the_o mortification_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o a_o very_a fatal_a and_o unwelcome_a experiment_n that_o a_o great_a army_n shall_v never_o despise_v a_o feeble_a
tartar_n ought_v to_o have_v encourage_v the_o polander_n to_o pursue_v their_o victory_n and_o in_o their_o return_n to_o enter_v the_o crim_n and_o ravage_v all_o they_o can_v which_o they_o may_v have_v do_v the_o more_o easy_o because_o poland_n reach_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o because_o they_o may_v have_v surprise_v that_o peninsula_n since_o there_o be_v not_o one_o tartar_n that_o escape_v to_o carry_v the_o news_n of_o the_o defeat_n or_o of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polander_n but_o instead_o of_o take_v this_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o invade_v or_o at_o least_o alarm_n these_o barbarian_n with_o who_o they_o be_v sensible_a they_o can_v never_o conclude_v a_o solid_a and_o durable_a peace_n prince_n john_n albert_n return_v to_o poland_n in_o triumph_n and_o the_o king_n his_o father_n receive_v he_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o joy_n instead_o of_o check_v he_o for_o not_o pursue_v his_o victory_n and_o all_o the_o polander_v extol_v his_o courage_n and_o prudence_n this_o then_o be_v the_o usual_a conduct_n of_o the_o polander_n after_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o battle_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o polander_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o can_v never_o make_v a_o solid_a peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n or_o rely_v upon_o their_o promise_n and_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v this_o remark_n by_o above_o a_o hundred_o example_n but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o mention_v two_o of_o these_o instance_n sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n prepare_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o and_o be_v desirous_a to_o secure_a podolia_n and_o volhinia_n give_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o mendlinge_n cham_n of_o tartary_n that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o oblige_v he_o to_o make_v no_o eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o also_o to_o make_v a_o powerful_a diversion_n in_o muscovy_n which_o the_o cham_n promise_v and_o swear_v to_o do_v but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o money_n from_o the_o polander_n than_o he_o violate_v his_o oath_n for_o march_v out_o of_o the_o crim_n with_o 300000_o horse_n instead_o of_o invade_v the_o muscovite_n he_o enter_v into_o podolia_n and_o russia_n and_o encamp_v at_o luceoria_n from_o whence_o he_o send_v four_o of_o his_o principal_a officer_n each_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o horse_n keep_v only_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o himself_o who_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o belcz_n leopold_n and_o lublin_n and_o the_o consternation_n of_o the_o people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o alarm_n reach_v to_o hungary_n for_o they_o pillage_v burn_v ravish_a woman_n and_o maid_n and_o carry_v away_o all_o the_o cattle_n man_n woman_n and_o maid_n they_o can_v seize_v upon_o insomuch_o that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o slave_n they_o take_v amount_v to_o above_o 50000_o person_n without_o reckon_v the_o old_a and_o the_o young_a who_o they_o kill_v because_o they_o can_v not_o carry_v they_o away_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n king_n sigismond_n be_v in_o lithuania_n where_o have_v receive_v a_o account_n of_o the_o fatal_a news_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o remedy_v the_o disorder_n at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n he_o send_v deputy_n to_o mendlinge_n to_o complain_v of_o his_o treachery_n in_o violate_v his_o oath_n to_o which_o the_o cham_n reply_v that_o it_o be_v the_o fault_n of_o his_o child_n and_o nephew_n and_o of_o the_o insolent_a youth_n who_o he_o can_v not_o restrain_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o desire_v to_o renew_v the_o alliance_n he_o have_v make_v with_o king_n sigismond_n and_o promise_v to_o turn_v his_o arm_n against_o the_o muscovite_n according_o he_o march_v the_o same_o summer_n out_o of_o the_o crim_n and_o ravage_v all_o muscovy_n from_o whence_o he_o bring_v back_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o cattle_n and_o slave_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o neither_o the_o polander_n nor_o any_o other_o christian_n ought_v to_o give_v credit_n to_o those_o barbarian_n but_o the_o second_o example_n which_o i_o shall_v relate_v will_n more_o plain_o demonstrate_v the_o infidelity_n of_o those_o mahometan_n aslan_n be_v declare_v cham_n of_o tartary_n and_o his_o fidelity_n be_v suspect_v by_o the_o grand_a signior_n the_o port_n on_o which_o the_o tartar_n depend_v resolve_v to_o send_v they_o sedetker_n for_o their_o prince_n which_o aslan_n be_v inform_v of_o by_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o dread_v the_o grand_a signior_n power_n he_o send_v to_o supplicate_v sigismond_n iii_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o give_v he_o leave_v if_o the_o port_n shall_v declare_v war_n against_o he_o to_o retire_v into_o his_o territory_n about_o the_o boristhenes_n with_o 70000_o man_n pray_v he_o to_o be_v instead_o of_o a_o father_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o serve_v he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o which_o sigismond_n reply_v that_o he_o will_v receive_v he_o as_o his_o son_n that_o he_o wish_v he_o all_o happiness_n that_o he_o be_v sorry_a that_o the_o port_n be_v displease_v with_o his_o advancement_n and_o that_o if_o the_o turk_n shall_v march_v against_o he_o he_o may_v retire_v with_o safety_n into_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n where_o he_o will_v assist_v he_o with_o provision_n and_o troop_n the_o polander_n who_o guard_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v signalise_v themselves_o by_o some_o brave_a and_o important_a action_n resolve_v to_o attack_v oczakow_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o crim_n tartar_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o place_n leave_v that_o can_v incommode_v those_o who_o have_v retire_v along_o the_o boristhenes_n but_o unfortunate_o three_o day_n before_o the_o polander_n arrive_v at_o oczakow_n aslan_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o his_o cousin_n sedetker_n and_o oczakow_n be_v surrender_v to_o he_o the_o polander_n have_v no_o design_n to_o offend_v aslan_n who_o they_o know_v be_v their_o ally_n nor_o know_v that_o the_o two_o cousin_n be_v reconcile_v meet_v in_o their_o way_n 300_o tartar_n belong_v to_o the_o cham_n aslan_n who_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v his_o enemy_n they_o cut_v to_o piece_n and_o afterward_o kill_v more_o of_o the_o same_o nation_n in_o other_o place_n their_o courage_n be_v elevate_v with_o this_o success_n they_o march_v straight_o to_o oczakow_n and_o at_o their_o first_o arrival_n before_o the_o place_n take_v 3000_o horse_n that_o be_v run_v loose_a in_o the_o field_n aslan_n understanding_n what_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v send_v a_o messenger_n to_o jaslowieski_n their_o commander_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o since_o he_o be_v in_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o brother_n and_o good_a friend_n and_o have_v faithful_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o other_o tartar_n he_o be_v extreme_o surprise_v to_o hear_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v kill_v his_o man_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o horse_n which_o he_o keep_v for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o king_n that_o he_o entreat_v he_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o without_o oblige_v he_o to_o right_v himself_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v nor_o from_o a_o defendor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n to_o give_v he_o cause_n to_o become_v its_o most_o cruel_a enemy_n that_o however_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o inform_v he_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v have_v a_o private_a conference_n with_o he_o to_o treat_v in_o a_o friendly_a manner_n of_o the_o wrong_n and_o loss_n he_o have_v sustain_v jaslowieski_n be_v deep_o concern_v at_o this_o news_n that_o do_v acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o have_v offend_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v one_o of_o poland_n ally_n and_o also_o fear_v the_o king_n resentment_n send_v word_n to_o aslan_n that_o he_o be_v extreme_o sorry_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v offend_v one_o of_o his_o king_n ally_n that_o this_o happen_v thoro_fw-la '_o a_o mistake_n not_o know_v that_o the_o tartar_n who_o he_o meet_v do_v belong_v to_o he_o and_o think_v they_o be_v some_o of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n his_o enemy_n that_o he_o pray_v he_o to_o forgive_v he_o a_o fault_n of_o which_o his_o ignorance_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o restore_v all_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v be_v take_v then_o and_o give_v free_a leave_n to_o the_o tartar_n to_o come_v for_o they_o when_o they_o please_v aslan_n have_v receive_v this_o news_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o joy_n send_v immediate_o to_o fetch_v the_o horse_n and_o invite_v jaslowieski_n to_o come_v to_o oczakow_n with_o the_o man_n that_o be_v to_o bring_v they_o thither_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v and_o that_o at_o his_o arrival_n
controversy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n in_o public_a this_o be_v their_o way_n of_o live_v then_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o altogether_o abolish_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n prince_n and_o then_o king_n be_v bring_v in_o among_o they_o yet_o with_o a_o more_o limit_a authority_n than_o in_o other_o country_n and_o after_o a_o elective_a manner_n as_o for_o law_n king_n casimir_n introduce_v the_o teutonick_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1368._o and_o establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o poland_n be_v then_o of_o a_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o it_o be_v now_o so_o that_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o great_a state_n whereas_o at_o this_o time_n it_o may_v be_v almost_o call_v a_o frontier_n town_n since_o it_o be_v but_o twelve_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o silesia_n which_o be_v then_o a_o province_n of_o poland_n and_o now_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o king_n use_v always_o to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v the_o people_n take_v up_o arm_n as_o often_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o every_o man_n be_v excite_v to_o give_v some_o proof_n of_o valour_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o rise_v and_o obtain_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o reward_n to_o be_v expect_v as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v not_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o desire_n of_o honour_n and_o advancement_n the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n use_v to_o prevail_v with_o they_o for_o those_o who_o do_v not_o obey_v the_o king_n order_n be_v either_o whip_v with_o cord_n or_o cudgel_v into_o fight_v which_o convince_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o take_v arm_n with_o all_o speed_n in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n to_o levy_v military_a man_n with_o money_n in_o poland_n for_o there_o be_v none_o at_o that_o time_n in_o that_o kingdom_n where_o they_o then_o till_v the_o ground_n bare_o to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o export_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o country_n nor_o of_o import_v those_o thing_n that_o serve_v only_o for_o superfluity_n and_o good_a cheer_v the_o soil_n which_o be_v fruitful_a of_o itself_o supply_v every_o one_o with_o a_o sufficient_a subsistence_n so_o that_o the_o peasant_n be_v not_o compel_v to_o work_v hard_o for_o if_o they_o wrought_v never_o so_o little_a they_o do_v enough_o for_o their_o master_n and_o for_o themselves_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n begin_v to_o exchange_v corn_n for_o foreign_a merchandise_n and_o riches_n and_o luxury_n be_v bring_v into_o that_o kingdom_n the_o military_a vigour_n begin_v to_o abate_v and_o the_o slavery_n of_o the_o peasant_n become_v intolerable_a poland_n be_v now_o proper_o a_o republic_n and_o it_o be_v by_o that_o name_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o look_v upon_o their_o king_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o head_n of_o their_o common_a wealth_n this_o make_v they_o lessen_v the_o king_n authority_n more_o and_o more_o when_o a_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v still_o enlarge_a their_o own_o privilege_n and_o take_v care_n that_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o grow_v too_o great_a they_o be_v indeed_o so_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o fear_v the_o king_n shall_v put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o and_o so_o shall_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n by_o degree_n that_o sentiment_n be_v so_o strong_o root_v within_o their_o heart_n that_o they_o prepossess_v their_o child_n with_o it_o betimes_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o their_o native_a freedom_n will_v soon_o be_v lose_v if_o ever_o they_o suffer_v any_o town_n to_o be_v fortify_v upon_o the_o frontier_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o while_o they_o design_v to_o shun_v a_o great_a evil_n they_o fall_v into_o another_o that_o be_v worse_a since_o their_o neighbour_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o their_o enemy_n find_v the_o country_n open_a easy_o invade_v it_o and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o their_o state_n before_o the_o polander_n can_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v their_o eruption_n as_o the_o swede_n do_v which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n thus_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o privilege_n be_v joint_o hold_v by_o those_o three_o order_n insomuch_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n make_v nor_o abrogate_a no_o war_n levy_v no_o alliance_n conclude_v with_o foreigner_n no_o imposition_n lay_v 〈◊〉_d nor_o no_o money_n coin_a but_o with_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n or_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n therefore_o some_o of_o these_o be_v always_o near_o the_o king_n person_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o of_o many_o other_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o office_n and_o place_n of_o profit_n in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o he_o can_v keep_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o not_o upon_o foreigner_n though_o they_o have_v never_o so_o much_o personal_a merit_n or_o have_v do_v never_o so_o much_o service_n to_o the_o republic_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o foreigner_n that_o they_o can_v endure_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v they_o any_o connderable_a gratification_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n batori_n the_o hungarian_n have_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n now_o that_o brave_a prince_n who_o have_v invite_v many_o of_o they_o into_o poland_n to_o repel_v that_o encroach_a enemy_n with_o their_o assistance_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v some_o suitable_a reward_n upon_o they_o but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o do_v this_o but_o that_o several_a of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n be_v strange_o exasperate_v particular_o the_o great_a general_n who_o resent_v it_o so_o high_o that_o he_o resign_v his_o place_n upon_o that_o account_n many_o other_o also_o murmur_v open_o against_o that_o prince_n which_o usage_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o ungenerous_a and_o ungrateful_a see_v they_o be_v so_o much_o oblige_v to_o that_o warlike_a king_n who_o have_v atcheive_v brave_a and_o great_a action_n for_o poland_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n thus_o all_o that_o a_o foreigner_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o that_o republic_n can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o obtain_n the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o the_o grant_n of_o some_o little_a royal_a gift_n beside_o that_o he_o may_v be_v due_o qualify_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o must_v first_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n for_o otherwise_o the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o such_o thing_n upon_o he_o however_o there_o be_v some_o little_a royal_a gift_n and_o benefice_n which_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v without_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o in_o the_o main_a it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n to_o possess_v a_o estate_n or_o place_n of_o considerable_a profit_n in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o king_n stephen_n battori_n who_o we_o just_a now_o mention_v think_v fit_a to_o procure_v the_o indigenate_n that_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n to_o two_o of_o his_o kinsman_n at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
nay_o even_o his_o lady_n though_o a_o french-woman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mailly_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o side_n with_o the_o french_a faction_n though_o very_o advantageous_a offer_n be_v make_v to_o she_o she_o be_v lady_n of_o honour_n to_o queen_n eleonor_n and_o have_v promise_v she_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o she_o which_o she_o do_v inviolable_o this_o unshaken_a fidelity_n in_o a_o austrian_a french-woman_n be_v such_o that_o even_o the_o french_a themselves_o can_v not_o but_o admire_v and_o esteem_v it_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o prefer_v that_o virtue_n to_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v to_o they_o to_o engage_v they_o to_o part_v with_o it_o france_n have_v then_o almost_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n its_o enemy_n but_o be_v still_o so_o fortunate_a that_o heaven_n will_v not_o somuch_o as_o suffer_v she_o to_o compass_v those_o thing_n which_o she_o most_o earnest_o desire_v when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n those_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o her_o interest_n thus_o the_o divine_a providence_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n to_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n though_o france_n use_v all_o her_o endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o he_o which_o if_o it_o have_v take_v effect_n will_v undoubted_o have_v be_v disadvantageous_a to_o that_o nation_n for_o that_o prince_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v prove_v her_o enemy_n as_o do_v his_o father_n soon_o after_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o return_v now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n those_o on_o who_o he_o bestow_v they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o estate_n in_o land_n in_o the_o state_n or_o country_n to_o which_o the_o say_a place_n or_o office_n proper_o belong_v so_o that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n lie_v all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n can_v have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n neither_o can_v he_o who_o estate_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o duchy_n have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o order_n be_v regular_o observe_v though_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v now_o proper_o but_o one_o body_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o people_n differ_v but_o in_o few_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n that_o i_o live_v in_o lithuania_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o polite_a part_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v near_o to_o to_o the_o french_a than_o the_o polander_n do_v in_o all_o their_o way_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o briskness_n and_o gayty_n though_o lithuania_n be_v remote_a from_o france_n than_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v a_o city_n the_o magistrate_n ought_v always_o to_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o guard_v their_o own_o gate_n when_o the_o king_n enter_v that_o city_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o hinder_v any_o force_n from_o enter_v with_o the_o king_n and_o to_o go_v the_o round_n all_o night_n in_o the_o street_n as_o long_o as_o he_o stay_v within_o their_o wall_n but_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o dantzic_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n be_v proper_o a_o free_a republic_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n consequent_o it_o have_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o entire_a sovereignty_n for_o it_o condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n themselves_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o commit_v any_o crime_n there_o that_o deserve_v a_o capital_a punishment_n it_o have_v a_o mint_n of_o its_o own_o and_o coin_n its_o own_o money_n without_o any_o previous_a leave_n or_o permission_n obtain_v from_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n though_o they_o stamp_v the_o king_n image_n upon_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o base_a money_n of_o that_o state_n however_o though_o the_o people_n of_o dantzic_n may_v thus_o be_v reckon_v a_o republic_n and_o particular_a sovereign_a state_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o send_v to_o the_o diet_n some_o deputy_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o dantzic_n and_o who_o consequently_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o chancellor_n who_o always_o desire_v they_o to_o be_v silent_a forbid_v they_o to_o take_v that_o quality_n upon_o they_o which_o yet_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v afterward_o in_o the_o follow_a diet_n dantzic_n be_v situate_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n because_o there_o be_v a_o beacon_n in_o it_o where_o there_o be_v a_o light_a every_o night_n that_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o the_o harbour_n may_v discover_v it_o a_o far_o off_o dantzic_n be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o all_o prussia_n most_o of_o which_o traffic_n consist_v in_o corn_n as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n the_o dantzicker_n have_v such_o a_o privilege_n that_o none_o but_o themselves_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o buy_v any_o corn_n of_o the_o polander_n when_o once_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o their_o port_n whether_o vast_a quantity_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o vistula_n half_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n since_o the_o time_n that_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n oblige_v the_o dantzicker_n to_o grant_v he_o that_o tribute_n for_o their_o presumption_n in_o propose_v some_o provoke_v condition_n to_o he_o before_o they_o will_v suffer_v his_o deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
ix_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n all_o the_o bishop_n be_v senator_n and_o precede_v the_o secular_a member_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 3_o of_o which_o be_v usurp_v by_o its_o enemy_n viz._n those_o of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o of_o caminiec_n by_o the_o turk_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n be_v still_o retain_v and_o when_o they_o become_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o competitor_n who_o solicit_v the_o king_n for_o those_o title_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v apostolical_a legate_n by_o his_o office_n the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o senator_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o privilege_n be_v annex_v to_o this_o see_v by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n whither_o he_o who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n be_v send_v by_o king_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n to_o assert_v his_o right_n to_o prussia_n against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n for_o that_o prelate_n be_v inform_v that_o during_o his_o absence_n the_o king_n have_v marry_v elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o the_o palatine_a of_o sandomir_n anno_fw-la 1416._o and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n and_o fear_v lest_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o crown_v the_o king_n prevail_v with_o the_o council_n to_o declare_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o be_v primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o a_o appeal_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o he_o not_o only_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o john_n laski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v send_v to_o rome_n by_o king_n sigismond_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n obtain_v of_o leo_n the_o xth_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o successor_n the_o quality_n of_o legatus_fw-la natus_fw-la of_o the_o holy_a apostolic_a see_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o prelate_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o draw_v a_o sword_n or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o speak_v indecent_o in_o his_o presence_n beside_o when_o the_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n the_o archbishop_n may_v assemble_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la he_o have_v power_n to_o coin_n money_n the_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o diet_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v on_o almoner_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n and_o as_o a_o far_a mark_n of_o his_o grandeur_n he_o have_v a_o senator_n and_o castellan_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o marshal_n who_o ride_v before_o his_o coach_n bear_v his_o staff_n upright_o which_o he_o never_o bow_v but_o before_o the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a he_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o carry_v the_o staff_n upright_o before_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o march_v before_o he_o to_o church_n or_o to_o the_o diet._n when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n he_o stop_v there_o till_o the_o king_n send_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n to_o salute_v he_o the_o sub-marshal_n attend_v he_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stair_n and_o when_o he_o enter_v the_o antichamber_n the_o king_n come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o he_o never_o make_v a_o visit_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o he_o only_o visit_v once_o not_o even_o to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o crown_v head_n who_o have_v visit_v he_o it_o be_v he_o who_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v the_o head_n and_o regent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o who_o regulate_v the_o sentiment_n of_o all_o the_o nobleman_n who_o be_v assemble_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n it_o be_v he_o who_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o give_v they_o notice_n of_o the_o king_n death_n that_o they_o may_v hold_v their_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_n diet._n and_o when_o any_o extraordinary_a affair_n happen_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n be_v choose_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o so_o difficult_a a_o juncture_n the_o polander_n have_v lodge_v so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o prelate_n because_o they_o dare_v not_o entrust_v a_o layman_n with_o it_o lest_o his_o ambition_n shall_v prompt_v he_o to_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o proclaim_v the_o new_a king_n after_o he_o be_v choose_v which_o be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o considerable_a a_o privilege_n that_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o candidate_n look_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o the_o person_n on_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o gain_v his_o favour_n because_o the_o king_n can_v be_v due_o elect_v unless_o he_o be_v afterward_o proclaim_v to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v relate_v what_o happen_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o one_o czartoreski_n of_o the_o faction_n of_o austria_n an_z intimate_v friend_n of_o chancellor_n putz_n and_o consequent_o a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o in_o that_o quality_n have_v the_o power_n of_o proclaim_v the_o king_n he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o proclaim_v the_o great_a marshal_n but_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n the_o right_a of_o proclamation_n be_v devolve_v upon_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v but_o they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a revenue_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o believe_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o that_o kidgdom_n after_o all_o its_o loss_n be_v still_o as_o large_a as_o france_n the_o first_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n in_o low_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n about_o 9_o league_n from_o that_o city_n towards_o the_o north._n this_o place_n which_o be_v once_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o only_a a_o great_a unwal_v village_n without_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o river_n the_o second_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o leopold_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o black_a russia_n and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o leo_n duke_n of_o that_o province_n who_o as_o he_o be_v ravage_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o tartar_n and_o russian_n be_v entire_o defeat_v by_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n ann._n 1279_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o lesko_n the_o black_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n very_o mean_o fortify_v without_o a_o river_n and_o defend_v only_o by_o a_o inconsiderable_a castle_n upon_o a_o eminence_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o many_o sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v have_v be_v once_o besiege_a by_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o another_o time_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 120000_o man_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a after_o which_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n miâ—â—â—el_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o 3_o bishop_n viz._n a_o latin_n catholic_n archbishop_n a_o armenian_a catholic_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a scismatical_a greek_a bishop_n the_o first_o latin_a archbishop_n be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n call_v christinus_fw-la who_o be_v consecrate_a by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesâ—a_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n casimir_n who_o erect_v this_o see_n anno_fw-la 1361._o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o archbishop_n since_o they_o differ_v not_o from_o other_o catholic_n only_o the_o armenian_n have_v their_o particular_a ornament_n and_o ceremony_n and_o the_o man_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o church_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o peculiar_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o russian_n their_o bishop_n be_v always_o a_o unmarried_a person_n because_o he_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o monk_n of_o
the_o borysihenes_n the_o water_n of_o which_o congeal_v to_o salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v away_o in_o cart_n like_o ice_n but_o it_o melt_v immediate_o with_o rain_n the_o 34th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o pomerania_n who_o palatinate_n be_v in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o 35th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o minsk_n a_o city_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n suislocz_n the_o 36th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o czernichowia_fw-la a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n derna_n this_o palatinat_a which_o be_v also_o a_o duchy_n be_v only_o a_o titular_a dignity_n have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o 32_o palatine_n 3_o castellan_n and_o one_o starosta_n who_o be_v senator_n it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o quality_n of_o castellan_n and_o starosta_n be_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o palatin_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o possess_v almost_o the_o first_o rank_n among_o the_o lay-senator_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o first_o temporal_a senator_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o precedency_n be_v grant_v they_o in_o recompense_n of_o some_o brave_a action_n which_o the_o castellan_n of_o those_o city_n have_v perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o palatin_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o troop_n of_o his_o palatinate_n to_o the_o army_n to_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o his_o province_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o merchandice_n and_o commodity_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v not_o alter_v and_o to_o judge_n and_o defend_v the_o jew_n he_o have_v a_o vice_n palatin_n under_o he_o who_o must_v take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o and_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o land_n which_o they_o call_v possessionatus_n the_o castellan_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o palatine_n and_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o great_a castellan_n and_o petty_a or_o sub_fw-la castellan_n the_o number_n of_o the_o former_a both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n amount_v to_o 32_o and_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o 49._o '_o will_v be_v equal_o tedious_a and_o unprofitable_a to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v in_o the_o general_n that_o they_o be_v all_o senator_n lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o mention_v the_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o four_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o five_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o seven_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o eight_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o nine_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o ten_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n these_o be_v all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o polish_v senate_n i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n give_v a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n mention_v here_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o observe_v that_o beside_o the_o four_o senator_n who_o ought_v always_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o all_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n all_o the_o other_o senator_n who_o be_v at_o court_n have_v also_o the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v in_o such_o case_n and_o all_o those_o who_o be_v present_a in_o council_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o decree_n or_o sentence_n be_v oblige_v to_o sign_n it_o not_o only_o in_o criminal_a but_o also_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o they_o may_v afterward_o be_v accountable_a for_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o republic_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v only_o capable_a of_o possess_v all_o the_o office_n and_o land_n both_o in_o the_o duchy_n and_o kingdom_n for_o all_o the_o peasant_n be_v slave_n and_o the_o burgher_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v only_o look_v upon_o as_o tradesman_n who_o can_v possess_v at_o most_o but_o some_o house_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o land_n about_o a_o league_n round_o they_o as_o for_o stranger_n how_o noble_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o whatever_o service_n they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o army_n to_o the_o republic_n they_o can_v neither_o possess_v a_o estate_n nor_o rise_v to_o any_o high_a preferment_n than_o the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o the_o place_n of_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v a_o office_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o france_n for_o the_o polander_n will_v never_o suffer_v that_o a_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o expert_a in_o war_n shall_v have_v the_o general_a command_n of_o their_o army_n the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o their_o sovereign_n they_o bestow_v the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n upon_o he_o and_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n and_o counsellor_n they_o make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v both_o their_o duty_n and_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o country_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o aspire_a prince_n who_o ambition_n may_v carry_v his_o design_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v to_o he_o by_o the_o law_n since_o the_o number_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v all_o assist_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n they_o choose_v deputy_n in_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o they_o send_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o constitution_n and_o to_o contrive_v and_o enact_v new_a law_n for_o their_o security_n the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v general_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o preserve_v all_o their_o province_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o event_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o their_o politics_n for_o poland_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o be_v surround_v by_o so_o many_o enemy_n we_o may_v easy_o suppose_v that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o surprise_v some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o people_n can_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v in_o such_o a_o juncture_n be_v to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n together_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o arriere_n ban_n in_o france_n and_o be_v call_v the_o postpolite_n in_o poland_n upon_o such_o occasion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n must_v send_v his_o circular_a letter_n thrice_o into_o each_o palatinate_n to_o assemble_v they_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o service_n but_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o starosta_n of_o frontier_n place_n that_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v above_o three_o league_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v keep_v the_o gentry_n in_o arm_n above_o the_o space_n of_o six_o week_n and_o that_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o arriere_n ban_n be_v assemble_v it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o maintain_v a_o constant_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o it_o be_v this_o very_a maxim_n which_o occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o country_n for_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o ivth_o they_o build_v fort_n kudack_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o hinder_v the_o cossack_n from_o cruize_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o irritate_v the_o turk_n but_o this_o false_a step_n in_o stead_n of_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n engage_v they_o in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o even_o
with_o the_o turk_n themselves_o and_o at_o last_o make_v they_o lose_v all_o vkrania_n and_o the_o dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n and_o siberia_n it_o be_v their_o real_a interest_n not_o only_o to_o suffer_v the_o cossack_n to_o make_v perpetual_a incursion_n upon_o the_o turk_n but_o even_o to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o expedition_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o may_v have_v keep_v the_o cossack_n who_o have_v serve_v they_o so_o well_o in_o the_o war_n against_o osman_n in_o subjection_n to_o they_o and_o consequent_o the_o polander_n may_v have_v be_v still_o master_n of_o so_o many_o fine_a province_n which_o they_o have_v lose_v when_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v assemble_v together_o they_o make_v a_o very_a considerable_a body_n and_o not_o one_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v resist_v they_o if_o they_o know_v their_o own_o strength_n and_o can_v submit_v to_o regular_a discipline_n and_o to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o general_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o king_n never_o to_o assemble_v so_o great_a and_o so_o formidable_a a_o body_n the_o polander_n have_v also_o this_o privilege_n that_o they_o can_v be_v keep_v together_o above_o six_o week_n so_o that_o if_o during_o that_o time_n the_o king_n can_v bring_v they_o to_o a_o battle_n with_o their_o enemy_n they_o may_v return_v home_o without_o ask_v his_o leave_n and_o consequent_o if_o their_o enemy_n have_v never_o so_o little_a experience_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n they_o may_v safe_o protract_v the_o time_n or_o retire_v till_o the_o impetuous_a torrent_n be_v over_o and_o afterward_o renew_v the_o assault_n without_o fear_n and_o with_o a_o certain_a prospect_n of_o success_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o assemble_v the_o polish_v nobility_n in_o one_o place_n may_v be_v evident_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o follow_a instance_n when_o sigismond_n ii_o summon_v they_o to_o appear_v near_o leopold_n to_o oppose_v the_o moldavian_n they_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o revolt_n against_o he_o the_o senator_n complain_v that_o their_o privilege_n have_v be_v violate_v and_o refuse_v to_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n till_o they_o be_v re-establish_v this_o example_n alone_o which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o many_o other_o be_v a_o convince_a proof_n that_o the_o convocation_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n be_v both_o a_o dangerous_a and_o ineffectual_a remedy_n against_o the_o distemper_n of_o the_o state_n the_o polish_v nobility_n have_v another_o privilege_n which_o appear_v unjust_a or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o encourage_v their_o insolence_n for_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n can_v be_v arrest_v for_o any_o crime_n whatsoever_o unless_o he_o be_v first_o convict_v by_o justice_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v first_o cite_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o tribunal_n where_o he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v he_o must_v be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o if_o he_o appear_v and_o be_v convict_v he_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v in_o order_n to_o be_v afterward_o indged_a according_o to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o heinousness_n of_o his_o crime_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a and_o fear_n to_o be_v cast_v will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v convict_v but_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o contumacy_n than_o to_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v some_o example_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v this_o privilege_n that_o a_o gentleman_n can_v be_v arrest_v nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la and_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v a_o instance_n of_o it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n the_o petty_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o lithuania_n the_o criminal_n be_v without_o any_o formality_n carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o afterward_o condemn_v by_o the_o general_n diet_v hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o to_o be_v behead_v in_o the_o marketplace_n but_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o their_o crime_n be_v so_o enormous_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o nobility_n can_v not_o in_o justice_n refuse_v to_o wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o those_o wretch_n take_v that_o gentleman_n in_o the_o nighttime_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n from_o his_o wife_n at_o vitna_n and_o have_v put_v he_o in_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n who_o they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o they_o carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o oblige_v he_o immediate_o to_o make_v his_o confession_n after_o which_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a the_o polish_v gentleman_n have_v another_o privilege_n that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o and_o any_o officer_n who_o shall_v attempt_v to_o do_v it_o will_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o first_o general_n diet_n where_o he_o will_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n or_o mark_v with_o infamy_n that_o be_v the_o criminal_a will_v be_v declare_v uncapable_a of_o have_v a_o vote_n or_o of_o possess_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n a_o example_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v relate_v which_o happen_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 17._o 1674_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n of_o john_n the_o iiid_n and_o which_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o his_o election_n the_o son_n of_o the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n go_v to_o lodge_n in_o the_o house_n of_o vicznowieski_n by_o the_o order_n as_o it_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o great_a general_n patz_n palatin_n of_o vilna_n the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n of_o those_o enormity_n condemn_v that_o palatin_n to_o the_o punishment_n prescribe_v be_v the_o law_n two_o day_n before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n thus_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o a_o right_n to_o vote_n which_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a mortification_n to_o chancellor_n patz_n his_o cousin_n who_o place_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o confidence_n in_o he_o as_o a_o declare_a enemy_n to_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n and_o all_o the_o french_a party_n and_o consequent_o a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o the_o faction_n of_o lorraine_n and_o austria_n the_o constitution_n that_o secure_v the_o polish_v gentry_n from_o be_v arrest_v till_o they_o be_v legal_o convict_v be_v certain_o a_o grievance_n to_o the_o nation_n and_o seem_v to_o subvert_v the_o common_a maxim_n of_o justice_n but_o they_o have_v another_o privilege_n that_o be_v equal_o destructive_a of_o civil_a society_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n for_o every_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n be_v by_o law_n the_o absolute_a and_o despotic_a master_n of_o the_o peasant_n that_o live_v in_o his_o territory_n and_o may_v put_v they_o to_o death_n when_o he_o please_v when_o a_o stranger_n be_v surprise_v at_o such_o a_o heathenish_a custom_n and_o take_v the_o liberty_n to_o ask_v they_o how_o christian_n can_v assume_v a_o privilege_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o spirit_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o how_o the_o law_n which_o be_v a_o gift_n of_o god_n can_v establish_v a_o 〈◊〉_d so_o opposite_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n himself_o they_o usual_o reply_v that_o though_o they_o have_v such_o a_o power_n they_o never_o make_v use_n of_o it_o no_o more_o than_o we_o and_o other_o christian_n use_v the_o power_n we_o have_v to_o kill_v our_o horse_n add_v that_o the_o peasant_n serve_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o beast_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o comparison_n be_v not_o very_o human_a and_o much_o less_o christian_a it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o the_o gentleman_n kill_v their_o peasant_n either_o when_o they_o be_v drink_v or_o irritate_v by_o some_o brutal_a passion_n to_o which_o young_a man_n be_v oftentimes_o subject_a for_o the_o wife_n and_o daughter_n of_o these_o miserable_a wretch_n be_v force_v and_o carry_v away_o without_o dare_v to_o resist_v their_o insolent_a ravisher_n and_o this_o be_v so_o common_a among_o the_o persant_n that_o few_o of_o they_o scruple_n to_o choose_v a_o bride_n that_o have_v lose_v her_o virginity_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n i_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n give_v a_o account_n of_o those_o officer_n who_o have_v not_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n viz._n some_o be_v officer_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a duchy_n some_o of_o the_o court_n and_o other_o of_o palatinat_n and_o starosty_n there_o be_v a_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o of_o the_o duchy_n who_o both_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o privy-council_n and_o to_o know_v all_o that_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vice-chancellour_n do_v in_o the_o chancery_n so_o that_o the_o office_n of_o great_a secretary_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o step_n by_o
republic_n that_o right_o be_v now_o give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o favour_n at_o court_n or_o protect_v by_o some_o great_a lord_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o to_o officer_n as_o a_o recompense_n for_o their_o service_n do_v to_o the_o state_n those_o who_o be_v not_o officer_n and_o yet_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n procure_v their_o name_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v among_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n who_o demand_v to_o be_v make_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o pretender_n give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o his_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o put_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o their_o patent_n seal_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n by_o which_o they_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o marshal_n give_v they_o a_o certificate_n declare_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o one_o for_o its_o natural_a son_n and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o he_o yet_o though_o a_o stranger_n be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o considerable_a employment_n or_o consistorial_n benefice_n on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n to_o the_o three_o generation_n for_o the_o republic_n have_v make_v this_o provision_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o any_o office_n or_o enjoy_v any_o benefice_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n and_o law_n of_o poland_n a_o diet_n must_v not_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v so_o fond_a and_o jealous_a of_o their_o privilege_n that_o when_o the_o king_n endeavour_v to_o prolong_v the_o session_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o even_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n require_v the_o sit_v of_o that_o assembly_n the_o deputy_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o oppose_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o charge_v their_o marshal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v immediate_o leave_v the_o diet_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v they_o long_o than_o usual_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o unaccountable_a obstinacy_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o diet_n assemble_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n and_o afterwerd_n the_o dreadful_a irruption_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v reduce_v the_o republic_n almost_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o since_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v so_o busy_v in_o determine_v particular_a affair_n that_o they_o have_v not_o time_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o so_o barbarous_a and_o formidable_a a_o enemy_n till_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o and_o for_o that_o end_n resolve_v to_o prolong_v the_o diet_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deputy_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o the_o senator_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o prolong_n of_o diet_n and_o afterward_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o king_n the_o marshal_n to_o execute_v his_o commission_n go_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o begin_v to_o thank_v the_o king_n and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n rise_v up_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v condescend_v to_o sit_v only_o one_o day_n long_o represent_v the_o press_v exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n the_o chancellor_n second_v these_o entreaty_n with_o a_o very_a move_a and_o pathetic_a harangue_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n have_v resume_v his_o character_n which_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o go_v back_o to_o the_o deputy_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o prolongation_n which_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n desire_v the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o marshal_n and_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v with_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n to_o consent_v that_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v prolong_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v whatever_o his_o palatinat_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o ask_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o the_o open_a field_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la where_o they_o erect_v a_o sort_n of_o booth_n cover_v with_o board_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n be_v call_v szopa_n or_o a_o shelter_n from_o bad_a wether_n this_o place_n be_v build_v and_o prepare_v by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v three_o door_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o diet_n be_v come_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n go_v to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n to_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o beg_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n in_o order_n to_o the_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o qualitys_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n elect_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n go_v to_o salute_v the_o senator_n and_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o approbation_n after_o these_o preliminary_n the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o union_n or_o association_n which_o they_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o not_o to_o name_v any_o person_n for_o king_n nor_o acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o till_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o they_o swear_v also_o to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n they_o promise_v reciprocal_o neither_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n and_o disorder_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o duchy_n be_v consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o liberty_n and_o promise_v to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o judgement_n give_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a and_o that_o they_o will_v approve_v of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v kaptur_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n for_o raise_v of_o soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v the_o law_n they_o forbid_v any_o person_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o stranger_n or_o with_o fire-arm_n they_o ordain_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o with_o all_o possible_a fidelity_n to_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o their_o troop_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o a_o sedition_n or_o revolt_v to_o restrain_v the_o soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v no_o money_n either_o from_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o after_o which_o they_o forbid_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o march_v with_o their_o force_n into_o
templo_fw-la plusquam_fw-la sacerdos_n in_o republica_a plusquam_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la dicenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la senator_n in_o judicio_fw-la plusquam_fw-la jurisconsultus_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_o acie_n plusquam_fw-la miles_n in_o adversis_fw-la perferendis_fw-la injuriisque_fw-la condonandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la vir._n in_o publica_fw-la libertate_fw-la tuenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la civis_fw-la in_o pater_fw-la colenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la amicus_fw-la in_o convictu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la familiaris_fw-la in_o venatione_n ferisque_fw-la domandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la leo._n in_o tota_fw-la reliqua_fw-la vita_fw-la plusquam_fw-la philosophus_fw-la sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o an._n d._n 1587._o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n by_o catherine_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o have_v renounce_v the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n he_o order_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o the_o crown-general_n zamoski_n have_v defeat_v to_o be_v bind_v with_o golden-fetter_n and_o carry_v to_o zamosch_n where_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n two_o year_n vladislaus_n vi_o or_o iu_o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o sigismond_n he_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o encounter_v a_o army_n of_o 200000_o muscovite_n with_o 50000_o man_n and_o rout_v they_o entire_o after_o this_o memorable_a and_o important_a victory_n he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o moscow_n and_o return_v in_o triumph_n to_o warsaw_n with_o two_o czar_n the_o patriarch_n the_o crown_n and_o 500_o wagon_n load_v with_o rich_a spoil_n he_o defeat_v the_o grand_a signior_n osman_n and_o pursue_v he_o almost_o as_o far_o as_o constantinople_n afterward_o he_o be_v so_o animate_v with_o a_o imprudent_a zeal_n for_o the_o propagate_a of_o religion_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy-land_n and_o die_v for_o grief_n because_o the_o polander_n refuse_v to_o raise_v subsidy_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o prosecute_v that_o design_n after_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o cossack_n who_o be_v principal_o incense_v against_o the_o jew_n and_o jesuit_n john_n casimit_n who_o be_v former_o a_o jesuit_n and_o a_o cardinal_n be_v elect_v king_n after_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n and_o obtain_v a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o marry_v his_o widow_n he_o defeat_v the_o cossack_n in_o a_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a battle_n near_o beresteczko_n in_o russia_n have_v by_o this_o victory_n curb_v that_o factious_a people_n and_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o begin_v to_o indulge_v himself_o in_o his_o pleasure_n he_o banish_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o he_o have_v debauch_v his_o wife_n and_o that_o injure_v officer_n return_v to_o sweden_n persuade_v that_o prince_n to_o invade_v poland_n which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o great_a success_n that_o casimir_n be_v entire_o dispossess_v but_o he_o be_v afterward_o recall_v even_o by_o those_o who_o join_v with_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o several_a battle_n oblige_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o last_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o queen_n that_o he_o may_v make_v way_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n to_o succeed_v he_o he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o retire_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o st._n germane_a michael_n after_o casimir_n abdication_n several_a intrigue_n be_v make_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n newburg_n and_o york_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n who_o stand_v candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n at_o that_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n but_o when_o that_o be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o the_o nobility_n a_o certain_a jesuit_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o manage_v his_o interest_n declare_v open_o before_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n at_o last_o contrary_a to_o all_o expectation_n the_o election_n be_v determine_v in_o favour_n of_o michael_n coributh_n wisnowieczki_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n this_o prince_n die_v at_o warsaw_n about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n and_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o a_o certain_a priest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o general_n sobieski_n afterward_o choose_a king_n come_v to_o see_v he_o in_o his_o coffin_n the_o nose_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n begin_v to_o bleed_v assoon_o as_o he_o enter_v the_o room_n john_n sobieski_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n of_o sobieski_n castellan_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o stanislas_n zolkiewski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v make_v great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n august_n 24._o 1665_o great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1667_o and_o great_a master_n of_o the_o king_n household_n palatin_a of_o cracow_n etc._n etc._n he_o retake_v 60_o city_n from_o the_o rebel_n cossack_n in_o vkrania_n in_o 1667._o he_o defend_v podhais_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o two_o year_n after_o take_v from_o they_o and_o the_o cossack_n the_o whole_a palatinate_n of_o braclaw_n in_o lower_n podolia_fw-la in_o 1673._o he_o obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n at_o choczim_n on_o the_o niester_n where_o 8000_o janissary_n and_o 20000_o spahis_n be_v kill_v he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n may_v 10_o 1674_o and_o make_v two_o campaign_n against_o the_o turk_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v but_o that_o which_o will_v for_o ever_o perpetuate_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n be_v that_o glorious_a and_o important_a action_n which_o he_o perform_v in_o 1683_o when_o he_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n the_o follow_a panegyrical_a character_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v make_v upon_o that_o occasion_n joanni_fw-it iii_o dominatione_fw-la polonico_n lithuanico_n liberatione_n austriaco_n pannonico_n profligatione_fw-la ottomanico_fw-la thracio_n religione_fw-la christianissimo_fw-la pielate_fw-la catholico_fw-la zelo_fw-la apostolico_fw-la inter_fw-la deuce_n pugnacissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la sapientissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la imperatores_fw-la augustissimo_fw-la cui_fw-la gloria_fw-la militaris_fw-la regna_fw-la peperit_fw-la clementia_n stabilivit_fw-la virtus_fw-la perennavit_fw-la qui_fw-la raro_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o constantiae_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propria_fw-la deserens_fw-la aliena_fw-la defendens_fw-la docuit_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la sacra_fw-la foederis_fw-la jura_fw-la jungantur_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la &_o compleantur_fw-la ottomani_fw-la be_fw-mi lunam_fw-la fulgentissimo_fw-la crucis_fw-la vexillo_fw-la eternam_fw-la eclypsim_fw-la minitantem_fw-la adeo_fw-la prosper_v feliciterque_fw-la finibus_fw-la extirpavit_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la idemque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la venisse_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o vicisse_fw-la igitur_fw-la inter_fw-la innumeros_fw-la christiani_n orbis_n plausus_fw-la inter_fw-la vindicatam_fw-la religionis_fw-la &_o imperii_fw-la laetitiam_fw-la inter_fw-la cruentae_fw-la lunae_fw-la extrema_fw-la deliquia_fw-la agnoscant_fw-la praesentes_fw-la credant_fw-la posteri_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la enascenti_fw-la evangelio_n quo_fw-la propagaretur_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o adulto_fw-la ne_fw-la profligaretur_fw-la vtrobique_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la missum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la hominem_fw-la cui_fw-la nomen_fw-la erat_fw-la joannes_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n now_o cardinal_n do_v arquien_v and_o widow_n of_o prince_n zamoiski_n he_o die_v june_n 17._o 1696_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o a_o apoplexy_n after_o a_o long_a indisposition_n some_o remark_n upon_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n as_o to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n in_o poland_n that_o whereas_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o keeper_n preserver_n and_o defendor_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o for_o fear_n of_o a_o change_n in_o the_o government_n as_o have_v happen_v in_o france_n denmark_n swedeland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o nobility_n have_v be_v corrupt_v and_o bribe_v with_o honour_n and_o other_o reward_n by_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n remit_v from_o time_n to_o time_n some_o of_o their_o right_n and_o immunity_n ill_o at_o last_o they_o have_v fool_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o freedom_n into_o a_o slavish_a dependence_n on_o the_o court_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n warn_v by_o those_o example_n to_o avoid_v such_o a_o fate_n have_v make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n must_v be_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la a_o instance_n of_o this_o may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o election_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n the_o four_o a_o most_o warlike_a prince_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nobility_n except_v only_o one_o deputy_n who_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o vote_n of_o all_o the_o diet_n yet_o the_o say_a prince_n can_v not_o be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o
office_n under_o the_o penalty_n aforementioned_a this_o space_n of_o three_o year_n be_v afterward_o contract_v to_o two_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a edict_n whereas_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o year_n last_o pass_v 1668._o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n by_o we_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n and_o three_o year_n time_n be_v allow_v they_o to_o sell_v off_o their_o good_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o present_a diet_n we_o grant_v they_o two_o year_n for_o sell_v their_o good_n to_o commence_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o to_o end_v precise_o on_o the_o twelve_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n next_o ensue_v 1669_o which_o shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o those_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o return_v into_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o several_a abscond_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o many_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o noble_n after_o the_o foreign_a war_n in_o which_o poland_n be_v engage_v be_v over_o they_o be_v all_o banish_a the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o severe_a edict_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o return_v due_a thanks_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o last_o year_n who_o have_v give_v we_o so_o many_o signal_n victory_n over_o our_o enemy_n and_o desire_v by_o this_o our_o gratitude_n to_o continue_v the_o divine_a favour_n towards_o we_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n those_o who_o oppose_v the_o praeeternity_n of_o his_o son_n according_a to_o our_o edict_n make_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 1668_o and_o 1669_o against_o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n we_o for_o the_o prevent_v the_o abscond_n of_o any_o of_o the_o say_a sect_n within_o our_o territory_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o that_o the_o foresay_a law_n against_o they_o may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n do_v require_v all_o our_o officer_n and_o judge_n to_o be_v strict_a therein_o and_o in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n we_o assign_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n to_o determine_v all_o such_o cause_n by_o this_o last_o law_n publish_a and_o ratify_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o late_a king_n in_o the_o year_n 1673_o the_o socinian_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n how_o miserable_a their_o present_a condition_n be_v and_o to_o what_o danger_n and_o trouble_n they_o in_o their_o exile_n be_v expose_v appear_v by_o this_o sorrowful_a letter_n of_o one_o of_o they_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o you_o desire_v that_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o our_o present_a calamity_n and_o distress_n alas_o you_o command_v i_o to_o renew_v a_o unspeakable_a woe_n to_o run_v over_o again_o the_o remembrance_n of_o our_o sorrow_n and_o to_o make_v our_o wound_n raw_a and_o gape_v as_o they_o be_v to_o bleed_v afresh_o my_o soul_n shiver_n at_o the_o reflection_n of_o those_o many_o fatal_a blow_v we_o have_v receive_v not_o only_o my_o mind_n but_o my_o hand_n and_o pen_n shake_v at_o and_o fly_v back_o from_o the_o recital_n of_o those_o misfortune_n which_o have_v hitherto_o pursue_v we_o and_o whereof_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n we_o be_v ah_o we_o be_v a_o happy_a people_n and_o now_o the_o very_a remembrance_n of_o that_o felicity_n which_o our_o church_n for_o so_o many_o year_n by_o the_o divine_a favour_n do_v enjoy_v do_v render_v the_o sense_n of_o our_o present_n trouble_v the_o more_o severe_a so_o that_o we_o be_v loath_a so_o much_o as_o to_o remember_v when_o how_o and_o by_o what_o step_v we_o fall_v from_o be_v what_o we_o be_v and_o do_v not_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o we_o suffer_v and_o the_o consolation_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o patience_n support_v our_o mind_n it_o will_v be_v better_o for_o we_o who_o be_v almost_o overwhelm_v with_o such_o a_o vast_a weight_n of_o calamity_n to_o forget_v all_o that_o be_v past_a that_o so_o our_o present_a misery_n may_v be_v bear_v the_o more_o easy_a yet_o because_o you_o be_v desirous_a of_o have_v some_o description_n of_o our_o present_a condition_n we_o will_v give_v it_o you_o not_o draw_v in_o its_o own_o proper_a and_o lively_a colour_n but_o set_v off_o in_o the_o plain_a dress_n and_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v but_o a_o trouble_n for_o we_o to_o insist_v long_o upon_o these_o we_o shall_v but_o light_o touch_v nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o give_v you_o in_o a_o long_a train_n a_o catalogue_n of_o unknown_a name_n if_o the_o faithfulness_n of_o the_o relator_n be_v suspect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o enrage_a or_o at_o least_o ignorant_a witness_n and_o judge_n of_o our_o cause_n it_o be_v a_o great_a enhancement_n to_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o miserable_a but_o though_o fortune_n have_v abandon_v we_o in_o our_o misery_n yet_o we_o still_o retain_v our_o integrity_n it_o be_v best_a therefore_o to_o show_v you_o the_o beginning_n of_o our_o trouble_n and_o when_o these_o be_v once_o know_v it_o will_v be_v visible_a to_o every_o one_o how_o absurd_a and_o unjust_a it_o be_v to_o discredit_v the_o truth_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o our_o suffering_n can_v be_v otherwise_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o our_o trouble_n we_o may_v date_n from_o the_o war_n begin_v in_o our_o country_n with_o the_o cossack_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o whereby_o several_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n and_o many_o of_o our_o countryman_n especial_o those_o of_o we_o who_o be_v borderer_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n be_v rifle_v of_o our_o estate_n and_o possession_n or_o at_o least_o suffer_v irreparable_a loss_n upon_o this_o long_o before_o the_o law_n of_o proscripion_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1668_o i_o with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o my_o estate_n be_v ruin_v and_o for_o the_o full_a space_n of_o ten_o year_n before_o the_o banishment_n be_v a_o exile_n and_o with_o several_z other_o of_o our_o friend_n be_v as_o it_o be_v cast_v away_o before_o the_o storm_n come_v immediate_o after_o this_o the_o muscovite_n and_o within_o a_o while_n the_o swede_n and_o at_o last_o the_o transilvanian_o make_v incursion_n into_o our_o country_n which_o put_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o great_a confusion_n and_o not_o the_o least_o creature_n in_o it_o be_v free_a from_o these_o outrage_n for_o their_o own_o soldier_n be_v so_o insolent_a and_o the_o auxiliary_a troop_n of_o scythia_n and_o germany_n so_o violent_a that_o they_o can_v neither_o escape_v by_o flight_n nor_o repel_v by_o arm_n their_o unjust_a force_n we_o be_v not_o indeed_o the_o only_a person_n who_o suffer_v by_o the_o war_n but_o we_o alone_o be_v those_o who_o exhaust_v by_o so_o many_o war_n and_o almost_o expire_a be_v harass_v by_o a_o peace_n more_o cruel_a than_o any_o war_n at_o a_o time_n when_o other_o be_v at_o quiet_a and_o by_o our_o constant_a struggle_v with_o a_o adverse_a fortune_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o the_o former_a war_n have_v inspire_v a_o spirit_n of_o persecution_n into_o the_o peace_n which_o follow_v although_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o the_o war_n our_o enemy_n be_v so_o industrious_a as_o to_o find_v out_o mean_v whereby_o the_o heavy_a weight_n of_o the_o war_n may_v fall_v on_o our_o head_n for_o upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n casimire_n while_o the_o swede_n be_v master_n of_o cracow_n the_o deputy_n from_o all_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n flock_v thither_o to_o adjust_a matter_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o army_n with_o their_o general_n separated_z and_o almost_o all_o order_n buy_v their_o peace_n by_o surrender_v but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o share_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o short_a peace_n our_o inveterate_a enemy_n fall_v upon_o we_o and_o plunder_v we_o whilst_o we_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o danger_n and_o be_v every_o one_o of_o we_o quiet_a in_o our_o own_o habitation_n this_o sudden_a evil_n be_v the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o our_o party_n and_o of_o some_o of_o my_o own_o relation_n but_o several_a who_o with_o much_o ado_n escape_v from_o these_o pillager_n flee_v to_o cracow_n which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o a_o swedish_n garrison_n though_o they_o be_v force_v upon_o this_o flight_n through_o fear_n and_o have_v long_o before_o this_o voluntary_o throw_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o swede_n yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o most_o unjust_o lay_v to_o their_o charge_n as_o a_o crime_n and_o no_o course_n of_o law_n be_v use_v in_o the_o oppress_v of_o our_o friend_n the_o romish_a mass-priest_n who_o
lithuanian_n consent_v that_o the_o lesser_a poland_n shall_v appoint_v the_o marshal_n and_o the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o mounseur_fw-fr omienisky_a lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o next_o day_n this_o dispute_n be_v over_o news_n come_v that_o the_o army_n have_v confederated_a themselves_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n for_o the_o king_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v have_v not_o take_v care_n to_o pay_v the_o force_n a_o vast_a sum_n be_v due_a to_o they_o for_o their_o arrear_n they_o choose_v a_o officer_n called_z baronowsky_n for_o their_o general_n and_o promise_v to_o remain_v unite_v till_o they_o have_v receive_v satisfaction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o resolve_v to_o raise_v contribution_n for_o their_o subsistance_n this_o news_n put_v the_o diet_n in_o great_a consternation_n and_o likely_o contribute_v to_o the_o resolution_n they_o take_v the_o same_o day_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v aside_o all_o objection_n against_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o deputy_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o none_o shall_v have_v a_o voice_n in_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v free_o satisfy_v the_o assembly_n about_o the_o reason_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v against_o they_o they_o repair_v afterward_o in_o great_a ceremony_n unto_o the_o senator_n hall_n and_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n set_v forth_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o the_o king_n death_n return_v thanks_o to_o his_o eminency_n for_o his_o great_a care_n of_o the_o public_a and_o declare_v that_o the_o deputy_n be_v ready_a to_o concur_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n to_o all_o the_o proposal_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o nation_n the_o primate_n return_v a_o answer_n suitable_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o time_n and_o propose_v several_a point_n to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n by_o the_o assembly_n 1._o a_o association_n of_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o it_o 2._o to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o condition_n to_o which_o the_o future_a king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v and_o to_o publish_v they_o that_o all_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v inform_v thereof_o 3._o to_o find_v and_o apply_v a_o proper_a remedy_n to_o the_o faction_n quarrel_n and_o animosity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o prevalent_a under_o the_o precede_a government_n and_o prevent_v the_o like_a for_o the_o future_a 4._o to_o provide_v for_o the_o speedy_a payment_n of_o the_o army_n as_o the_o only_a way_n to_o prevent_v mutiny_n and_o sedition_n among_o the_o soldier_n and_o for_o carry_v a_o vigorous_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n 5._o to_o repair_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o artillery_n which_o be_v in_o a_o very_a bad_a condition_n 6._o to_o settle_v a_o sort_n of_o money_n that_o may_v be_v current_a all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n proceed_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o coin_n 7._o and_o last_o that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n may_v be_v defer_v for_o some_o time_n nothing_o material_a be_v transact_v since_o that_o day_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n that_o there_o happen_v a_o violent_a dispute_n in_o the_o assembly_n whether_o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o be_v desire_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o warsaw_n for_o though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o provincial_a diet_n have_v resolve_v not_o to_o suffer_v the_o royal_a family_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o general_a diet_n be_v to_o assemble_v and_o that_o prince_n james_n in_o compliance_n with_o their_o resolution_n have_v already_o leave_v that_o city_n yet_o the_o queen_n will_v not_o conform_v herself_o to_o their_o desire_n notwithstanding_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o cardinal_n the_o bishop_n of_o posnania_n and_o the_o palatine_a of_o plosko_fw-mi which_o put_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o great_a heat_n some_o take_v that_o pretence_n to_o leave_v the_o assembly_n at_o last_o her_o majesty_n be_v persuade_v to_o yield_v unto_o their_o desire_n and_o leave_v actual_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o september_n and_o go_v for_o dantzick_n this_o calm_v somewhat_o the_o diet_n but_o a_o dispute_n between_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n and_o the_o marcsehal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v like_a to_o break_v up_o the_o diet_n however_o it_o be_v agree_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o association_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o a_o domestic_a of_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n and_o read_v by_o he_o to_o the_o state_n no_o body_n make_v any_o objection_n to_o the_o first_o article_n but_o when_o he_o come_v to_o mention_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n bid_v he_o stop_v and_o lay_v before_o the_o assembly_n in_o a_o very_a pathetic_a speech_n the_o injury_n and_o affront_v he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n desire_v the_o cardinal_n regent_n that_o he_o may_v have_v satisfaction_n give_v he_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n make_v likewise_o great_a complaint_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n for_o have_v publish_a libel_n against_o he_o to_o blemish_v his_o reputation_n the_o cardinal_n answer_v they_o that_o as_o the_o spiritual_a state_n can_v not_o judge_v the_o temporal_a neither_o can_v the_o secular_a give_v law_n to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o punish_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o bishop_n which_o be_v agree_v to_o on_o both_o side_n this_o point_n be_v thus_o over_o the_o act_n of_o association_n be_v read_v on_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o reconciliation_n between_o those_o who_o be_v christian_n yet_o do_v not_o agree_v in_o some_o matter_n of_o religion_n one_o of_o the_o deputy_n make_v some_o exception_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v remain_v as_o to_o that_o point_n as_o they_o have_v do_v during_o the_o interregnum_n of_o casimir_n and_o michael_n the_o dispute_n about_o fix_v the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n be_v more_o considerable_a many_o of_o the_o deputy_n insist_v that_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o republic_n require_v a_o speedy_a choice_n but_o the_o other_o party_n be_v sway_v by_o a_o private_a interest_n be_v strong_a and_o upon_o a_o fair_a pretence_n the_o election_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n 1697_o and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o open_a field_n by_o all_o the_o nobility_n summon_v together_o as_o at_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wieznowisky_n and_o that_o whoever_o shall_v propose_v a_o native_a of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o enemy_n of_o his_o country_n this_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o act_n of_o association_n draw_v up_o the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o upon_o the_o first_o of_o october_n and_o some_o of_o they_o demand_v that_o the_o say_a act_n may_v be_v read_v again_o but_o this_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n say_v that_o a_o second_o read_n will_v only_o create_v new_a cavil_n and_o so_o sign_v it_o immediate_o with_o most_o of_o the_o deputy_n and_o the_o rest_n do_v the_o like_a afterward_o that_o association_n contain_v many_o article_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o follow_v 1._o we_o will_v keep_v ourselves_o firm_o to_o the_o roman_a religion_n and_o will_v not_o elect_a any_o one_o for_o king_n who_o shall_v not_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n 2._o we_o will_v prevent_v as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v all_o division_n and_o misunderstanding_n which_o may_v grow_v among_o the_o member_n of_o the_o republic_n nor_o will_v we_o enter_v into_o any_o secret_a practice_n against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o election_n or_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n or_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o king_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v free_o elect_v by_o free_a voice_n and_o by_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o have_v the_o general_n approbation_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o will_v look_v upon_o as_o enemy_n to_o this_o country_n all_o those_o who_o shall_v acknowledge_v for_o king_n any_o person_n who_o have_v not_o be_v choose_v after_o the_o say_a manner_n 3._o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v not_o proclaim_v any_o one_o for_o king_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o demand_v of_o the_o deputy_n three_o time_n one_o after_o another_o whether_o they_o be_v content_a with_o his_o election_n 4._o though_o there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o republic_n a_o person_n capable_a to_o wear_v the_o crown_n with_o honour_n nevertheless_o to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o advancement_n of_o a_o native_a of_o poland_n to_o the_o throne_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o lesser_a diet_n shall_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o instruction_n in_o reference_n