Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	king_n	letter_n	sweden_n	1,077	5	15.3821	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07628	Monro his expedition vvith the vvorthy Scots Regiment (called Mac-Keyes Regiment) levied in August 1626. by Sr. Donald Mac-Key Lord Rhees, colonell for his Majesties service of Denmark, and reduced after the Battaile of Nerling, to one company in September 1634. at Wormes in the Paltz Discharged in severall duties and observations of service; first under the magnanimous King of Denmark, during his warres against the Emperour; afterward, under the invincible King of Sweden, during his Majesties life time; and since, under the Directour Generall, the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and his generalls. Collected and gathered together at spare-houres, by Colonell Robert Monro ... for the use of all worthie cavaliers favouring the laudable profession of armes. To which is annexed the abridgement of exercise, and divers practicall observations, for the younger officer his consideration; ending with the souldiers meditations going on service.; Monro, his expedition with the ... Scots Regiment	Monro, Robert.	1637 (1637)	STC 18022; ESTC S114933	372,373	362

travell in his body for the safetie of his people is commendable Page 59 Letter D. L. Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse dyed in Holstein Page 1 Letter A. A Leaders dutie set downe at large Page 8 Letter G. Lievetenant Martin killed at Bisenburg-Skonce Page 11 Letter I. Lievetenant Hugh Rosse having lost his leg wished he had a woodden Leg. Page 17 Letter P. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton shot at Ouldenburg Page 18 Letter Q. A Lievetenant and thirteen Souldiers killed with one shot of Cannon Page 6. Letter K. The Love of horses wonderfull to their Masters Page 30 Letter C. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton commended for keeping strict Discipline Page 66 Letter L. Lindesey of Bainshow a valorous Cavalier received three dangerous wounds at Trailsound Page 78 Letter C. Lievetenant Lumsdell in time of hot service desired Colonell Holk being retiring to stay and to see if the Scots durst fight Page 79 Letter D. M. Major Dumbar his custome commendable going on service Page 40 Letter L. The Majestie of a King ought never to be denyed by his subjects in things indifferent Page 1 Letter A. Major Wilson his over-sight in making his Accord lost his Colours Page 12 Letter K. The meanest things doe helpe against the Enemy as the casting of sand and Bee-hives Page 13 Letter L. Murdo Poulson killed at Ouldenburg by the Cannon Page 18 Letter Q. Mutiny should ever be detestable in all estates as amongst Souldiers Page 48 Letter W. The multitude tumultuous hath more changes than the deepe Sea in a tempest hath waves Page 24 Letter X. The Makelesse the Sweden Ship by report did carry two hundred pieces of Ordnance Page 56 Letter C. No Menagrie comparable to that which spares the lives of men Page 63 Letter G. N. A Nation being enemies to vice and glad in their povertie they may haply remaine unconquered Page 72 Letter S. O. Officers are well rewarded when their followers are well disciplined Page 37 Letter H. The opinion Subjects doe conceive of their Princes care in the conservation of his Kingdome moves them to obedience Page 43 Letter P. Officers by their noble carriage and good example dot often encourage their followers to well-doing Page 55 Letter B. Officers ought never out of ostentation to make choice of a weake Poste to defend as Seaton did at Trailsound Page 62 Letter F. Officers or Souldiers that preferre their safetie before the reliefe of their Camerades may be justly called simple Page 72 Letter S. P. The Properti●s of a valiant Souldier Page 72 Letter S. Poule Leaguer called the Flesh-Leaguer where a great Oxe-hide was sold for a Can of Beere Page 15 Letter N. The publique State being ruin'd he that lives at ease for his particular shall not escape from being ruin'd Page 59 Letter D. Panick feare entering into Towne Strength or Armie is most dangerous in the night Page 73 Letter W. Our Piety towards God and our reputation amongst men are the two things we ought to respect so long as we live Page 75 Letter Y. Pittie never shines more cleerely than when shee is clad in steele Page 53 Letter Z. A Pigeon carrying a Letter unto a beleaguered Towne taken and let loose Page 71 Letter Q. R. Resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare Page 3 Letter B. A Roman Captaine did tremble being victorious Page 16 Letter N. Our Regiment was beholding to Duke Barnard of Wymar Page 19 Letter R. A Reliefe in time is the most comfortable thing can come to a Souldier in time of hot service Page 23 Letter W. The Roman Empire too little for a possession for the Prince Elector Palatine Page 37 Letter I. Ravishers were punished with the losse of life and goods Page 44 Letter Q. Remedies to hinder men from vice Page 44 Letter R. Rutmaster Hoome and his Camerades helped to make the Scots retreat safe at Volgast Page 80 Letter F. S. Scots readiest of all Nations to take a true Alarum Page 7 Letter F. A Scots Suttler punished by Bees for his long stay Page 10 Letter H. The Scots at Bisenberg resisted well the Storme Page 11 Letter I. Souldiers of all professions should looke nearest to credit Page 14 Letter M. Sin●wes are added to the vertuous mind by noble actions and every one shall smell of that he is busied in Page 46 Letter T. Scots Highland-men before Keel in neces●itie made use of their swimming though wounded in their Clothes Page 55 Letter B. Scots and English in forraine warre ever good seconds Page 60 Letter E. A Souldier at Trailsound made a prettie reply to his Camerade being jeering Page 65 Letter I. A Story notable of a Dragon and a Lyon Page 66 Letter L. Sergeant Mackey and seven more killed in one night at Trailsound being all of our Regiment Page 68 Letter M. A Stratagem whereby the Boores in Scotland made the English Horses to breake loose Page 70 Letter Q. Seven hundred and threescore Shot of Cannon in one day were shot upon Frankendore in Trailsound Page 71 Letter R. Spiney's Regiment entered into Trailsound Page 74 Letter X. Souldiers are in policie like to the Crocodile for to make one another to fall they s●●me the wayes Page 76 Letter Sir Alexa●der Lesly being made Governour of Trailsound conferred the credit of the first out-fall on Spiney's Regiment Page 78 Letter C. Sir Iohn Hume of Ayton being pittifully wounded was taken prisoner and dye● with the Enemy Page 78 Letter C. A Servant that doth endanger his owne life for the reliefe of his Master testifies his true service as Mackenyee did Page 81 Letter G. Sufferance in a noble manner begets love as Henry Lindesey dyed at Wolgast Page 80 Letter T. T. Treatie or Still-stand the use of it Page 76 Letter Trailsound became flourishing by their hopes having got Sir Alexander Lesly for their Governour Page 77 Letter B. V. Vertue and wisedome are the best guards of safetie Page 42 Letter M. VV. The Watch on the Elve surprised Page 24 Letter X. Wounds gotten with credit are the best tokens of courage in a Souldier Page 23 Letter W. Women are forbidden to shed teares for their children that dyed standing serving the Publique Page 26 Letter Z. The wise man is onely the cunningest Fencer Page 42 Letter N. Watch in beleaguered places is the maine point to be looked unto Page 64 Letter H. In Warres Summum Ins is found to be Summa Injuria Page 64 Letter H. Walestein his pride was great when he caused to kill the hurt Officers retired with slight wounds Page 69 Letter O. A worthy Enemy reconciled can be a worthy Friend Page 77 Letter A. That man is wise that is kinde to his Friend and sharpe to his Enemy but he is wiser that can entertaine his Friend in love and make his Enemy like him Page 77 Letter A. THE LIST OF THE SCOTTISH OFFICERS IN CHIEFE CALLED the Officers of the Field that served his Majesty of Sweden Anno 1632. THE Marquesse

Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment praised Page 112 Letter I. Colonell Worbrane an Austreker Freher Governour of Donavert Page 116 Letter O. Company that are good ought to be conversed with that we may savour of their goodnesse Page 123 Letter E. No Crime before God more abominable then to glory in sin Page 170 Letter F. Colonell Hepburn and his Briggad sent before his Majesty to guard the Passage at Munchen Page 125 Letter G. The whole Compend of wit requisit for a Commander in his Majesty of Sweden Page 127 Letter K. The Cantons of Switzerland gave obedience to his Majesties letters Page 112 Letter L. The Castle of Papenhaim Aichstat and Tilligen brought all under contribution to the Swedes Page 129 Letter M. Conjunction made by his Majesty with Nurenberg and the reasons of it Page 132 Letter S. Colonell Montelaban and other officers killed by the Swedes at Wi●esloch Page 139 Letter D. Colonell Doubattle destroyes the Emperiall Magazen at Freestat in the upper Paltz Page 144 Letter M. Colonell Rhee killed on the party at Bosbowre in the upper Paltz Page 145 Letter N. A Captaine throwing off his doublet on hot service rewarded by his Majesty of Sweden Page 146 Letter O. Cptaine Patrike Ennis slaine at Nurenberg Page 149 Letter T. Capt●ine Traile and Captaine Vausse both Scots shot through the necke at Nurenberg and lived Page 149 Letter T. Cannon first invented as it is thought at Nurenberg Page 151 Letter W. Courtesie and humility in a King is the Gem of his Crowne Page 162 Letter S. Colonell Lodowike Lesly his Regiment praised for their Carriage at Leitzen Page 164 Letter X. Colonell Folwe shot before Landsberg Page 171 Letter H. The Chancellor Oxensterne after the Kings death made offer to the Duke of Saxon to be Director-Generall over the Army Page 172 Letter I. Cavaliers that leads others ought to entertaine the affection of those who served bravely lest being disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Page 174 Letter N. Captaine Bruntfield and Quartermaster Sandelens sent Prisoners to Lindaw Page 177 Letter R. Colonells three made a brave retreit at Minderkin on the Danube Page 177 Letter S. The Conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment reduced at Heidelberg on the Necker after his death Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Foules dead and buried at Vlme on the Danube Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Foules happy in his death Page 180 Letter Z. Colonell Monro of Obstell though untimely slaine was made welcome to heaven through Christ his Redeemer Page 180 Letter D. Death ought ever to be before our eyes that we might the better contemn externall things putting us in mind of what is able to profit the soule Page 7 Letter N. The Duke of Savelly defended Damaine but slightly Page 19 Letter A. Disdaine or contempt should be the only thing to divert our hearts from forraine service Page 22 Letter E. Doubatle his Dragoniers and my Musketiers were kept warme on service before Landsberg Page 39 Letter E. Many will Desire to be partakers of our good fortunes who never minded to taste the bitter cup of our adversity Page 44 Letter N. The Difference betwixt Generalls is much to be observed at Werben Page 56 Letter H. The Duty of a Generall described and his properties Page 57 Letter I. The Duty of true piety ought to be observed by the Leaders of Armies Page 58 Letter K. The Discoverers of the Enemies plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded Page 41 Letter H. Though a man be Doubtfull in advising yet in action he ought to be confident Page 60 Letter M. The Duke of Saxon terrified by the example of Madeburg offered his service to his Majesty of Sweden Page 61 Letter O. The Duke of Saxons Army most complete in shew Page 61 Letter P. He Dieth well in my opinion that dieth standing serving his King and country for he merits Fame after death leaving good example to posterity Page 70 Letter C. Duke Anhault made Statholder at Hall Page 76 Letter P. Duke William of Wymar appointed Statholder at Ereford Page 76 Letter Q. Duringland most fertile for corne Page 101 Letter S. Duke Ernest of Wymar made Statholder of Francony Page 78 Letter T. A most Difficult passage alongst a planke over the Maine Page 80 Letter X. The Difference betwixt Cavaliers marching under an Army and gentle men Travellers Page 8● Letter K. The Duty of an Officer is to R●cognosce well Page 92 Letter V. Nothing Discon●ents a worthy man more then to be rewarded like Cowards Page 96 Letter B. When the Diligent is disappointed of his hire ti● hard being rewarded with injury that did merit well Page 96 Letter B. The Duty of an Officer leading a party Page 98 Letter E. Thirty thousand Duckets found in a Cannon at Munchen Page 125 Letter G. E. Ensigne Greame gave slight quarters at Brandenburg Page 23 Letter G. English Merchants commended for their charity to Souldiers Page 46 Letter Q. Great Execution made by his Majesties Cannon at Leipsigh the second cause of the victory Page 68 Letter Y. Externall shew profits little without the inward gifts of the minde Page 71 Letter D. The long Expectation of our happinesse makes our joyes the more welcome Page 72 Letter F. An Exhortation to all worthy Cavaliers of the British Nation Page 93 Letter X. The Evangelists sparing their meanes suffered the publique to be neare l●st being since beaten with their owne weapons Page 106 Letter X. Engolstat on the Danube a sure retreite for the Emperialists Page 112 Letter I. Engolstat really fortified and well provided thought impregnable by the Swedes Page 121 Letter Z. Experience gives confidence in the greatest extremity and graces our behaviour Page 130 Letter N. The Enemy hath great advantage at Nurenberg which was the losse of many brave Officers Page 148 Letter S. Errour in counsell and unhappy successe commonly are the punishments of the proud Warrier Page 158 Letter K. An Exhortation for Souldiers to mourne for sinne Page 168 Letter A. Ensigne Murrey slaine with the Cannon before L●nceberg Page 172 Letter I. The Emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable Page 174 Letter O. The Ev●nts of Kings projects and intentions availe nothing till they acknowledge them to come from the fountaine God Page 60 Letter N. An Example notable of the rare vertue of Souldiers wives Page 26 Letter L. F. The Foresight of a Commander availes much in preventing his Enemies designes Page 10 Letter O. Factious and seditious Officers ought carefully to be avoyded by the wise Commander Page 13 Letter T. Felt-marshall Tiffenbacke with his Collegues escaped at Francfurt Page 34 Letter Y. Felt-marshall Tiffenbacke discommended for timidity Page 36 Letter Q. Felt-marshall Horne with the Finn●s Horsemen made the charge which put the Enemy to flight at Leipsigh Page 66 Letter W. If the Fruit be honest and good we neede not

wrapped up in fortunes lap Page 174 Letter M. Intelligence the good of it most necessary to an Army Page 179 Letter Y. K. Kinphowsen affirmed that one ounce of good fortune was better then a pound weight of wit Page 10 Letter O. The King of Sweden doubted never to let put in execution what he once commanded Page 16 Letter Y. The King of Sweden i● extremity of cold being all wet did eate before he changed clothes Page 21 Letter D. The King of Sweden though stout was seene to stoope for a Cannon Bullet Page 22 Letter D. The King of Sweden did outshoote old Tilly in experience Page 25 Letter I. The King of Sweden did discharge the duty of a Generall Major before Francfurt Page 31 Letter T. The King of Sweden when his Army was weakest he digged most in the ground Page 41 Letter H. The King of Sweden at Berlin forced the Duke of Brandenburg to quit the Saxon. Page 43 Letter M. The King of Sweden was alike ready to governe the State as to fight his Enemies Page 46 Letter Q. The King of Sweden caused draw his great Cannon through the River of the Elve on their Carriage Page 49 Letter W. The King of Sweden his order in defending his Leaguer worthy observance Page 51 Letter The King of Sweden seekes advice of his chiefe Officers at Verben Page 52 Letter B. The King of Sweden with a strong party chased the Emperialists within their Army Page 54 Letter F. The Kings prudency and wisdome in command answerable to the dignity of his Majesticke person Page 57 Letter I. When a King fights a battell he puts much on hazard Page 62 Letter Q. The King of Sweden makes merry with the Duke of Saxon at Hall Page 74 Letter L. The King of Sweden for the advancement of the warre made a like use of Protestants and Lutherans Page 77 Letter R. Kings or Princes have no other charters then their sword and the oath of fidelity Page 77 Letter S. The King of Sweden to march over Duringvault did divide his Army Page 78 Letter T. The King of Sweden caused publish and Edict in Franconia Page 85 Letter D. The King of Sweden considering the weakenesse of his Army at Wertzburg gave out some monies Page 86 Letter H. The King of Sweden steered his course aright at Wertzburg Page 87 Letter H. The King of Sweden alike able tam arte quàm Marte Page 87 Letter I. The King of Sweden marched through Francfurt as in a solemne precession for order Page 89 Letter L. The King of Sweden Patriot and Protector of Religion in Germany Page 90 Letter P. The King of Bohemia wonderfully well liked of by the Cities and Commonalty in Germany Page 91 Letter R. The King of Sweden made no difference of seasons to pusue his Enemies Page 92 Letter V. The King of Sweden in six monthes freed the Paltz of all the Enemies Page 94 Letter Y. The King of Sweden for his Sisters sake the Queene of Bohemia in one night did anger the King of Spaine the Emperour and the King of France Page 93 Letter Y. The King of Sweden and his Chancellour sate whole dayes at Counsell Page 100 Letter H. The King of Sweden his peremptory answer to the French Ambassadour at Mentz Page 100 Letter K. The King of Sweden did grant a stil stand on a condition Page 105 Letter P. The King of Sweden entertained foure whole Armies at once Page 107 Letter A. The King of Bohemia his discourse with the Scots Briggad at Vinchen Page 110 Letter D. The King of Sweden and the King of Bohemia nobly received by the Lords of Nurenberg Page 111 Letter F. The King of Sweden gives God thankes in Saint Annes Church at Ausburg Page 117 Letter R. The K. of Swedē his speech cōsiderable his horse being shot under him Page 123 Letter D. The King of Sweden a good shepherd Page 130 Letter O. The King of Sweden finding the Enemy strong gave some contentment unto his weake Army Page 131 Letter Q. The King of Sweden and the Emperiall Army had the eyes of all Europe fixed on their Actions Page 140 Letter E. The King of Sweden rides at Anchor as at a Bay under Nurenberg Page 140 Letter F. The King of Sweden defeats a party of the Emperialists at Bosbore in the upper Paltz Page 145 Letter M. The King of Sweden ever enemy to idlenesse Page 151 Letter X. The King of Sweden divideth his Army in Bavier to march into Saxony Page 159 Letter I. The King of Sweden having thanked the Scots Briggad left them in Bavaria to be strengthened Page 159 Letter M. The King of Sweden on his march to Saxony did cut off with a party three hundred Emperialists Page 160 Letter N. The King joyned his Army with Duke Bernard of Wymar in Duringlang Page 160 Letter N. The King of Sweden leaving the Queene at Erford made a speech to the Counsill Page 160 Letter O. The King of Sweden crossed the Leake with the Army and marched to Nawmberg Page 161 Letter P. The King of Sweden caused to throw off the Bridges on the Sale Page 161 Letter P. The King of Sweden as a Souldier troubled with a double care Page 161 Letter Q. The King of Sweden his exhortation to the people Page 161 Letter R. The King of Sweden compared to the Sunne Page 162 Letter S. The King of Sweden his exhortation at Leitzen to fight well Page 163 Letter T. The King of Sweden having charged bravely his enemies being thrice wounded fell at Leitzen Page 164 Letter W. A King ought never to endanger himselfe his Crowne and Country on a day of battle Page 166 Letter The King of Sweden at Leitzen discharged alike the duty of a King and of a Souldier Page 167 Letter A. The Oppression done to the poore causeth the unfortunate events of warlike enterprises Page 48 Letter V The Order his Majesty appointed to be kept at Verben Leaguer is worth the observance Page 51 Letter The Order his Majesty placed the Army unto at Leipsigh is worth the observance Page 64 Letter S. To Obtaine Victory art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare are requisite Page 69 Letter An Outfall well repulsed by push of pike Page 162 Letter S. Opportunity of time a swift Eagle Page 129 Letter N. Oxensterne the Chancellour appointed by the King of Sweden to have the direction at Nurenberg Page 153 Letter A. The Office of a Generall a great charge Page 137 Letter A. An Outfall made at Rhine by Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Page 100 Letter I. P. The Plague or Postilence though raging among Souldiers ought not to hinder them from going freely on their duties Page 10 Letter O. The Pest raging at Statin fewer Scots died then of other Nations causâ incognitâ Page 12 Letter R. Princes that are absolute should have way given unto them in things indifferent Page 13 Letter T. A Prentiship well

past by an Officer under his Majesty of Sweden such a● one may be made choice of to serve his King and Country before another Page 21 Letter D. Publia Cornelia Annia lived twenty yeares without once offending her husband Page 29 Letter Q. Publique employment ought never be given to greedy persons Page 85 Letter D. Pikemen being resolved men are best for execution Page 37 Letter C. In a Prince truth of all vertues is chiefest Page 45 Letter O. The Plague removed in the dog-dayes from Verben Leaguer wonderfully Page 49 Letter Y. Plumes or Feathers are sometimes tokens rather to cut men downe then of safety Page 70 Letter A. Protestation made by his Majesty to the Lords of Francfurt Page 87 Letter I. The Power of example seene in the following of Francfurt Page 90 Letter Q. Papenhaim relieved Madeburg Page 104 Letter S. The People of Nurenberg overjoyed at the sight of two Kings at once shed teares Page 111 Letter E. Palsgrave Augustus tooke in Heckstat on the Danube Page 115 Letter M. The Papists in Bavaria were hanged by their purses Page 116 Letter P. The Protestant Council● at Ausburg did present unto his Majesty of Sweden Corne Fishes and Wine Page 118 Letter S. Piety where ever most there is most happinesse Page 119 Letter W. Papenhaim praised for his warlike exploits Page 136 Letter A. Papenhaim merits to be recorded for his resolute carriage and extraordinary diligence Page 142 Letter H. Papenhaim the first adventured after the battaile of Leipsigh with an Amy in Lower Saxon. Page 142 Letter H. Papenhaim compared to a crafty Pyrat at Sea Page 142 Letter H. Panicke feare doth betray many brave men Page 152 Letter Z. Papenhaim retired from Mastreicht and relieved Paterborne Page 157 Letter H. Papenhaim tooke in Milhousen and plundred Saltz Page 157 Letter H. Papenhaim tooke in Theanestade and caused hang three Burger-masters halfe dead Page 157 Letter H. Papenhaim immoderate in his victories Page 158 Letter K. It is Pitty pride should be oftimes cohabitant with valour Page 158 Letter K. Punnishment of cruelty though it come late yet sure it never comes light Page 158 Letter K. Papenhaim retired from Hall was killed at Leitzen Page 165 Letter X. Pencell or tangue can adde nothing to his Majesty of Swedens perfection Page 169 Letter D. Palsgrave Christian did neglect a golden oportunity at Rhine Page 173 Letter K. Some doe finde Pefection in the very jawes of mischiefe while as others flying from danger meete with death Page 174 Letter M. Q. The Queenes Majesty of Sweden proposed to other women for good example of patience Page 26 Letter L. R. Robert Rosse killed by the Cannon before Damaine Page 17 Letter Z. Robert Monro Furer and Robert Monro Sergeant both died at Brandeburg Page 47 Letter R. River of the Elve so shallow that the Kings Cannon were drawn through Page 49 Letter W. A Retreit most formall made by his Majesty of Sweden at Verben Leaguer Page 55 Letter G. Robert Monro Kilternes Son died at Vittenberg Page 59 Letter L. As the Rudder in a ship doth governe so God moves and governes the world and doth not stirre himselfe Page 60 Letter M. Resolution ought ever to be resisted with Resolution Page 92 Letter W. Rut-master Home of Carrelside praised for his valour Page 98 Letter D. The Rhinegrave retired from the Enemy with losse Page 98 Letter D. The Rhinegrave being modestly valiant had both remissenesse and courage Page 99 Letter F. Ramseys Regiment good seconds to their Countrimen Page 116 Letter O. Religion and justice are the fundaments of good society Page 119 Letter V. Religion is our guide to Heaven and on earth the Fountaine of our justice Page 119 Letter W. Being Rich in credit the want of externall things should never greeve us Page 123 Letter C. The Rhinegraves Regiment having taken seven Standards from the Spaniard chased them out of the Paltz Page 155 Letter X. Rich he is in God and not poore who ever is content with his Fortune Page 181 Letter S. Souldiers wonderfully delivered from danger at Sea Page 4 Letter L. The Story of Hugolene Depise remarkable Page 20 Letter B. Souldiers wives preferred to other women for many reasons Page 27 Letter M. Sempronius Gracchus choosed to die before his wife Page 29 Letter R. Scots resent soonest of all Nations the austere carriage of their Commanders Page 42 Letter I. Strengths or Forts are discouraged while as their secrets are discovered Page 42 Letter I. The Spade and the Shovell ever good Companions in danger Page 52 Letter K. Souldiers insurrection amongst themselves is to be avoided Page 47 Letter R. Serbester beere the best in Dutchland for the body as their Religion is for the soule Page 47 Letter T. Souldiers well rewarded will refuse no danger Page 50 Letter Z. The Scots Briggad with push of Pike disordered the enemies battailes at Leipsigh Page 66 Letter V. The Spoile was parted at Leipsigh Leaguer the enemy being gone Page 71 Letter E. Saxony was is and shall be sedes belli till the warres end in Germany Page 72 Letter I. The Scots Briggad was thanked by his Majesty of Sweden Page 73 Letter I. Sir Iames Ramsey Sir Iohn Hamilton force the passage on the Maine at Wurtzberg Page 79 Letter W. The Swedens entred first the storme at Wurtzburg castle Page 80 Letter Y. The Scottish Clergy esteemed of abroad Page 81 Letter Z. Sir Iohn Hamilton like to a Cavalier of worth did resent the wrong done to him and his Country at Wurtzburg Page 82 Letter A Skirmish at Oxenford in view of his Majesty by the Scots Page 83 Letter C. Sir Henry Vane Ambassadour for Britaine arrived at Wurtzburg Page 85 Letter E. Stanhem taken in by Accord Page 87 Letter K. Souldiers sometimes have pleasant marches Page 89 Letter N. A Scots Sergeant slaine with a Cannon bullet at Oppenhem drinking Tobacco by the fire Page 91 Letter S. The Scottish fashion of old was to fight pell mell with two handed Swords Page 93 Letter W. The Scots at his Majesties crossing the Rhine in the night did valorously resist the Spanish fury Page 93 Letter X. The Spaniard Enemy mortall to the Prince Elector Palatine of Rhine Page 93 Letter X. The Spaniards retire into Frankendall Page 95 Letter The Scots of Ramseys Regiment by scaleing the walls tooke in divers little Townes in the Paltz Page 101 Letter M. Scots Regiments divers were under Generall Tods Army Page 102 Letter O. Sharnesse sent to his Majesty of Sweden to treate for a Neutrality Page 10● Letter P. Suspitions past betwixt his Majesty of France and the King of Sweden Page 105 Letter V. Sweden Souldiers did runne away from their Post at Donavert Page 115 Letter N. A Stone house a scurvy defence against Cannon Page 115 Letter O. Sweden Souldiers three hundred in one night slai●● before Engolsta● Page 120 Letter Z. A Souldier in one night could passe prentice for

Here also was killed the valourous Captaine Mac-Donald who in valour succeeded his worthy predecessors for with his owne hands as is credibly reported he killed with his sword five of his enemies before he was kill'd himselfe Divers also of these Officers were hurt as Capt Lundesey of Bainsho who received three dangerous wounds Lievetenant Pringle who was hurt also and divers more they being made to retire their powder being spent to make their retreate good falls up Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the old Scottish blades of our Regiment to suppresse the enemies fury they keeping faces to their enemies while their Camerades were retiring the service went on afresh where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lumsdell in absence of their owne Officers being then all under cure there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers and the Lievetenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring desired him to stay a little and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not The Colonell perceiving him to jeere shooke his head and went away in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee retired softly from his enemy keeping faces towards them with credit till he was safe within workes And then made ready for his march towards Wolgast to finde his Majestie of Denmarke The nineteenth Observation HEre we see that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the protection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour following the example of Iustinian the Emperour to put his authoritie in practize He commanded out a partie and was obeyed by those he commanded which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully where they serve without spot or blemish that in the end they may expect so great a reward from so great a Master as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country-man being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison though a stranger before his Majesties owne Country-men where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines before the Armie should fight and his Captaine returning victorious he I say tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune in beating of Darius his Armie Tacitus saith also that the Germanes were wont to fight and try their valour first after this manner by parties for presages of greater service to follow And we finde that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge King of Epirus did fight many Combats himselfe for to give good presages of future victories whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Country being in all his time beyond apprehension happily excellent To conclude then this observation here we may see the benefit of good order where those that were in great danger are happily preserved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes to rescue their friends from danger to the great prayse of that noble Sparke Captaine Mac-Kenyee being full of worth as the purest orientall Diamond shining amongst the greatest Stones who did scorne to turne face from his enemies but retired orderly offending his enemy in defending his friends till both he and they were returned with credit though with losse for where order is kept as in this retreate was done by that noble Sparke all things flourish and thrive and I wish from my heart he had followed his profession for though he be honourable enough as he is none can blame me for wishing him better he having once commanded me and shall still while I live The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast and of their Retreate unto Denmarke HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trailsound unto the King of Sweden immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour And being come to Wolgast his Majestie did recall the remainder of our Regiment from Trailesound who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men besides Officers the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee in the absence of his Superiours he continued his March towards Wolgast where they joyned with his Majesties Armie being no sooner arrived they were instantly commanded on service The enemy having falne strong against his Majestie he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance and playd on the Kings battell till his Majestie perceiving the danger not being bastant to resist the enemy retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard fearing much to be surprized or taken he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to comand the whole Scots that were there and divers others and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports till his Majestie were retired and then to make his retreate over the Bridge and to set it on fire which the Captaine did orderly obey doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres not without great danger of the Captaine and his followers where the Bridge once burning he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder and notwithstanding was brought off and miraculously cured The Regiment thus shipped they met with their Colonell being come from Scotland with the Recreut who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke and were mustered The twentieth Observation IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men and of the remnant escaped both of Officers and Souldiers I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably in defence of the good cause Who will then say but that bloud was better lost than kept when it returnes with advantage having brought credit to themselves and Countrey Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie Let none then I say bedew their eyes for them we left behinde us seeing the gaine is equall to the losse if not more for them we had we knew were not alwayes to stay yet what we have gained is permanent and eternall those we lost I confesse we loved yet that love ought not to be so violent as to

Letter H. Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the Earle of Traquare died at Cop●anhag●n and was buried there Page 86 Letter K. Captaine Monro his valour in clearing the passage Page 18 Letter Q. Citizens of Trailsound compared to the Swordfish having weapons but wanting hearts and had quaking hands without use Page 76 Letter Colonell Mackey with his owne division defends the Passe at Oldenburg Page 17 Letter P. Colonell Mackey had his face spoyled with Gunpowder Page 18 Letter Q. Colonell Frets a Leefl●nder was slaine on our post at Trailsound Page 69 Letter N. Count of Mongomery cruelly beaten by the Rascall Boores being mistaken Page 47 Letter V. The nature of the Common people is to serve as slaves or to strike like Tyrants Page 40 Letter X. A Caveat for making Booty Page 32 Letter E. Citizens of Trailsound forgetting benefit were more unthankefull then beasts Page 66 Letter L. Charlemaine his priviledge granted to those had served well Page 72 Letter T. A Cavalier ought patiently to attend his preferment Page 3 Letter B. Continency in all things is most necessary for a Souldier Page 25 Letter X. Men ought patiently to undergoe their Crosses and not to despaire as some did in Denmarke Page 86 Letter He that thinkes on deaths Casuality ought neither to be carelesse nor covetous Page 86 Letter V. Cowards may be compared to dogs that doe barke more then bite Page 70 Letter P. The Cruelty was great the enemy used in harming the dead and innocent Page 40 Letter K. D. It is a worthy and brave enterchange when men attaine unto eternall fame and glory after Death for a temporall Death Page 41 Letter L. The strictnesse of Discipline is the conservation of an Army Page 36 Letter G. It were impossible to make Boores and Souldiers agree together without the strictnesse of Military Discipline Page 62 Letter F. It is never good in plenty to Disdaine Souldiers lest in adversity they may prove unusefull Page 2 Letter A. The observance of Discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths Page 69 Letter O. Dumbarre renowned in despite of envy Page 13 Letter L. It is the Duty of valorous Commanders to care for the buriall of the slaine though their enemies Page 25 Letter Y. We are Drowned in the mud of vice and slothfulnesse while we want businesse and have no foe to awe us Page 46 Letter T. E. An English Cavalier being deadly wounded retired bravely at Keel Page 55 Letter B. Ensignes six of Scots shot at Ouldenburg Page 18 Letter Q. A rare Example of strength and courage in Ensigne David Monro Page 21 Letter S. Emulation of Superiours by example groweth amongst inferiours Page 37 Letter H. The whole Officers were hurt except one Ensigne Ihonston Page 68 Letter M. He that wilfully continues an Enemy teacheth his enemy to doe him a mischiefe if he can Page 77 Letter A. Though the Enemy be unworthy reconcile with him to be freed of his scandalous tongue Page 77 Letter A. The Enemy studies all the plots of our ruine and the danger is ever most that is least seene Page 77 Letter Experience teacheth that neither Fly Bee nor waspe can harme those that are healed of the sting of Scorpions Page 22 Letter T. The best Exhortation a Leader can give Souldiers is to shew himselfe valorous Page 23 Letter W. Enemies prove oftimes good pedagogues setting both death and judgment before us Page 66 Letter K. F. Feare doth put us in a more horrid habit then any enemy can doe Page 22 Letter F. It is not good to Feele the ill of the sturdy popular having once loosed the reine Page 48 Letter W. Friends that are trusty the best companions of danger Page 14 Letter M. To be a Follower of the popular sort is a vaine thing Page 50 Letter Y. The Foot● is alwayes more usefull in warres and lesse chargable then Horse Page 23 Letter W. Fortune having crossed his Majesty of Denmarke in his warres abroade brought the sword of his enemies within his owne Kingdome Page 29 Letter A. G. The Germans are commonly friends to the victorious ete contra Page 16 Letter O. Germans of old did sing going on service Page 70 Letter P. Those that thirst after Gold let them bring it valiantly from afarre to supply the poore at home or to decore and enrich their Country Page 72 Letter S. A man is glad to come off with credit being hurt as I was at Trailsound where I thought to be slaine Page 75 Letter Y. Ill Gotten gaines is farre worse then losses with preserved honesty Page 31 Letter D. Gentlemen three of my Colonells Company slaine at Trailsound Gordon Stewart and Tullough Page 68 Letter M. H. Honour compared to a chaste made Page 31 Letter D. Happie are those that travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure Page 63 Letter G. Hugh Murray his brother being slaine would not carry him off till he had beene revenged and then himselfe shot in the Eye the Bullet came out at his Nose Page 23 Letter V. Hector Monro being shot in one foot would not retire till first he emptied his Bandeliers and being shot then through the other foote was carried off by others Page 23 Letter V. We ought never to glory too much in peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did but rather to prevent the worst Page 28 Letter The Highland Souldier his predictive Dreame seene at Trailsound Page 75 Letter Z. I. A just cause and a just deputation is that which gives the minde securitie And he dyeth well that dyeth fighting for a just cause Page 53 Letter Iustice the strictest that is observed amongst Souldiers Page 44 Letter S. An Isles Gentleman being deadly wounded did swimme with his Cloaths and wounds to escape the fury of his Enemies Page 32 Letter D. K. As forraine Kings make use of Cavaliers in their need so they ought with reason if not rewarded make their retreat to their King and Master being disdained without respect Page 25 Letter X. Our Knowledge is of none effect without assurance in God through Christ. Page 5 Letter E. The King of Denmark deserved praise for enterprising the warre though the successe was not answerable Page 30 Letter B. The King of Denmark commended for his care Page 32 Letter E. The King of Denmark contrary to feare through his valour did cast a kinde of honour upon God confiding in his care onely Page 35 Letter F. The King of Denmark did establish his Throne in despite of his Enemies Page 35 Letter F. Kings are but servants though more splendid for the Common-wealth Page 35 Letter F. The Kings Majestie of Denmark commended Page 43 Letter O. The King of Denmark did comfort his Officers after their losse sustained before KEEL Page 29 Letter A. Kings are kept and guarded from eminent danger by the Lord. Page 29 Letter A. A King or a Prince that undertakes toyle and

those he commands ought to give the like obedience unto him though strangers as if absolutly they were of his owne Regiment and his care for them should be as for himselfe He ought also at the undertaking of the command or charge over them to foresee to be sufficiently provided of all things necessary for such service as he is commanded on of Amunition spades shovels materialls for his Cannon and Pettards with his Guides to convey him from one place to another till he come to the end of his intended march doing all things by wise and deliberate stedfastnesse in Command without wavering not altering his Orders as he must answer to his Generall to whom he is to give account and his best is to have his Orders in writing that in case of variance betwixt Commanders Writing may beare him thorough when Orders by mouth will be denied neither ought he in his command to be timorous or rash but rather resolute and remisse as occasion offers and on occasions apart when his Command must be relative to anothers direction that is but subordinate to a Generall he must deliberat wisely what to doe and he must foresee the best and worst of things but having once deliberated let him be as resolute in the execution as he can Likewise here we see in the Rhinegrave a rare example both of remisnesse and courage in one person For first being made forescene of the enemies comming he shewed his remisnesse having refused to give eare to the severall advertisments till in th' end he was pursued unawares and then he did testifie his inward courage and resolution in charging the enemy being three Regiments with foure troopes putting them to a retreat Neverthelesse we see him alike beholden to the Rut-master for his advertisment as for his safe retreat having first and last suffered the dint of the enemies Armes on him and houlding it off his Commander A brave example to be imitated and followed of all Cavaliers that would gaine honour and reputation The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz THIS following discourse being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling at that time being idle in Garrison I remarked so farre as I could by report the actions of others as they occurred then being out of action my selfe yet I can affirme what I relate will be found true if not let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt where all the Cannons went off after their entries At this time also the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce conveyed by our countriman Sr. Patrick Ruthven then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty being then Governour of Mariburg and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there with whom did come frō Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce Captaine Mongomery came also with them who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote and after that was killed in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion at first Captaine under me At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell having ascended by degrees according to worth and deserving The Chancellor being come his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in counsell treating on weighty matters At which time the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality affirming he had given no assistance to the last League neither yet was he of the League As also he affirmed that at the last Westphalia convention he refused assistance to the rest of the League his Majesty replied to the Cullens Ambassadour how hardly and unchristianly they had dealt with the Evangelists Stends worse th●n if they had bin Iewes or Turkes in taking their Churches from them and in banishing themselves Neverthelesse there were some Articles proposed unto them concerning the Neutrality viz. First of all molesting the Evangelists under whatsoever pretence to be abolished and put away Secondly the free liberty of the Religion to be granted and suffered and that the Students of the Religion should be taken aswel● in the Colleges as the Papists Thirdly in all Cities the Evangelists to be as free to traffique as the Papists Fourthly they should give no assist●nce unto the Kings Majesties enemies nor no contribution nor Bills to answer monies on exchange Fifthly to give free passage through their land aswell to his Majesties Army as to his enemies not to hi●der them of it both alike Sixthly that his Majesty of Swedens servants should have the Passes op●n when they pleased to passe and repasse Seaventhly that his Majesties Agents might lie at Cullen to see the Neutrality were justly observed Eigthly that his Majesty of Sweden his friends and confederats should have free traffique in their Townes and Territori●s The Cullens Ambassadour returned from Francfurt with these sleight points to be granted by their Bishop The Swedens were come so neere Cullen that the Superiours were reprehended for it by the Clergy out of the Pulpits for giving such liberty to Hereticks to come againe so neere unto their jurisdictions By this time the Landgrave of Hessen with his Army being neere ten thousand strong of horse and foote for our assistance did lie on the other side of the Rhine over against us and from thence they fell strong on the Spaniards which were in Rin●koe making them also quit those parts and the inhabitants for feare forsaking their houses his Majesty promised them his gracious protection to stay and remaine in their hou●es they paying their weekely contribution which they payed before to the Bishop of Mentz Being here also at Mentz the French Ambassadour I did see get audience The reason of his coming being to shew his Majesty of Sweden that the Kings Majesty of France was offended his Majesty of Sweden had crost the Rhine against his paction and confederacy made with the King of France and therefore desired he should retire againe with his Army His Majesty answered he did but prosecute his enemy and if his M●jesty of France was offended he could not helpe it and those that would make him retire over the Rhine againe it behooved them to doe it with the sword in their hand for otherwise he was not minded to leave it but to a stronger if his Majesty of France should anger him much he knew the way to Paris and he had hungry Souldiers would drinke wine and eate with as good a will in France as in Germany Therefore he hoped his Majesty would be better advised in sending the next Ambassage in milder termes This interchange of message went betwix● them till at

more and rare to be seene his Majesty of Bohemia in person came unto him to offer him assistance Royall in leavying of an Army for himselfe and was refused 〈◊〉 am willing other Armies should be in Dutchland to be participant of his glory but his owne Where we see Fortunes Favourit laught on by the world but how soone againe Fortune begun to frowne on his successour who having got but one Buffet all men would kill him his friends nomine tenus aswell as his enemies Where we see cleerely that there is no friend in adversity except it be a friend in Christ who will never forsake or leave us This then is the friendship we should make to league and confederate with our brethren in Christ with whom we have unity in Faith if that we would have our friendship durable and constant others will change as the winde blowes plenty or penury upon us being but temporary friends as many of the Dutch are but our brethren in Christ will never totally leave us no not in our greatest wants and extremity of Fortune Which should make us choose such and to live and dye with such fighting for them and their liberties who will never leave us though death sever us but after death they will prove constant friends to our successours as the Germans did not to the Chancellor of Sweden if they succeede unto us in the true and undoubted Faith And to verifie this I can beare witnesse that though the enemy did keepe our brethren in Christ that were in the Pultz under ten yeares bondage Neverthelesse that bondage nor the tyranny used unto them by their enemies made them never forget their fidelity and love to their King and Prince neither yet could their tyranny make them forsake or renounce their faith in Christ but as they continued true ●o God so were they faithfull in their love to their King and Master not only to his Majesty but also shewed their love and kindnesse unto us being his Majesties friends whom they knew to be one in faith with themselves And therefore they were ever ready and willing to undergoe alike danger with us against our common enemies as doth witnesse their assistance given to the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment having Conjunct is viribus beaten their enemies on divers occasions The Kings Majesty of Sweden though before this time none of the greatest Kings yet in this warre having begun with a little Army of ten thousand strong in three yeares time he grew so great that he was carelesse of the threatning of the great King of France having entertained then in readinesse foure Armies at once his owne which he led himselfe under which I was still The Felt-marshall Gustavus Hornes Armie Generall Totts Army on the Wazer and the Marquesse of Hamiltons Army with whom Banier was joyned on the Elve These foure Armies his Majesty commanded alike and at one time having the Emperour the King of Sp●ne the Catholique League and the Duke of Bavier his enemies And though the Duke of Saxon had an Army apart yet his Majestie would not suffer the King of Bohemia the Duke of Lunenburg the Land grave of Hessen nor the Dukes of W●mar to lead Armies in Dutchland but as Subalternes to his Command And I thinke he had reason for if his Majestie of Bohemia had had an Armie in the fields it behooved the Swedens to have beene subalterne to the Dutch and Scots who were then strong in the fields in commanding strangers as they did their owne Country-men Notwithstanding of all these forces led and commanded by his Majestie of Sweden we see that the Empire is like a depth without a bottome that cannot be sounded For though they lost severall Battailes their power was so great that incontinent they made up Armies againe one after another for the space of twentie yeares together so that with difficultie they made the body of the Empire to stand though the wings were very neere clipped by his Majestie of Sweden who in three yeares time subdued the most part of the Empire and with his owne little Armie in one Winter freed the Paltz of the Spanish Forces except Heidelberg alone on which occasions those of our Nation that followed his Majestie shewed both their valour and their love especially those of my Lord Spence his Regiment seconded well by those of my Lord Rhees Regiment and Sir Iames Ramseys worthy Regiment were well seconded by Colonell Lodowicke Les●yes Regiment which formerly were Sir Iohn Hamiltons These foure Regiments of foote having followed his Majesties owne person in all occasions were worthy their deeds should be Registred to all posteritie Other six Regiments of Scots under Generall Tott and two of English being yonger in the service than the former foure were also shorter of continuance whose actions I cannot relate but by Information Therefore I will be sparing lest I should derogate from their worth or oversee my selfe At this time also there were a great many worthy Cavaliers of our Nation under his Majestie who for their long experience and valour had attained to the honour not onely to be trusted before others with Governments but also were honoured in commanding of strangers both Dutch and Swedens whereof some were employed in Dutchland some in Sweden some in Liffeland and some in Spruce all alike serving their Master to his minde where he liked best to make use of them for the weale and advancement of his service Sir Patricke Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Vlme Colonell over Dutch to foote and to horse Sir Alexander Lesly Generall Major and Governour over the whole Cities alongst ●he Balticke Coast Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin over a Regiment of Swedens Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell over the Scots Briggad Generall Major King Colonell to horse and foote of Dutch Colonell Carr● Colonell to foote of Scots Sir Iohn Ruth●●● Generall Major Colonell of Dutch Colonell Robert Monro of Fowles Colonell to foote and to horse over Dutch The Earle of Crawford Colonell to foote o●er Dutch Colonell Baily Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Ramsey Governour of Cre●●snough and Commander of Dutch Colonell Alexander Hamilton Colonell of Scots Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell of foote over Scots Sir William Ballentine Colonell over English Colonell Dowglas Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell H●me Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Alexander L●sly the younger Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Iohn Lesly Colonell to foote over Scots Colonell William Gunne Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Ki●●i●mond Colonell of Swedens Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell 〈◊〉 Forbesse and his brother both Colonells to foote over strangers Colonell Iohn Forbesse Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the bald Colonell to foote over Dutch which all with the former twelve Regiments were employed severally upon the Dutch bottome during his Majesties time and since to the great credit of their Nation as likewise other Cavaliers of them were

wisdome and counsell are his guides which both I wish we may follow The thirty-two Duty discharged of our March to Donavert and from thence to Furt on the Peignets THE first of Iune our Army did breake up from Munchen in Bavaria towards Donavert having left an Army behinde us in Schwabland of eight thousand strong led by Duke Barnard of Wymar and Generall Major Ruthven to attend on Ossa having crossed the Leacke againe at Rhine we continued our march towards our Randez-vouz at Donavert where we were appointed to joyne with the rest of our Army and from thence we continued our march upon Weisenburg being the passe betwixt Donavert and Nurenberg where on our march we had certainty that Duke Barnard had defeated a Regiment of horse and taken eight Cornets from Ossa and that Hanniball Count of Hohemems was immediatly sent prisoner to Vlme and Banier was left for a time at Ausburg for to settle the Garrison where the pledges were left in custody His Majesty very wisely before this march confirmed his confederacy with the Duke of Wirtenberg being of great force to advance his Majesties affaires and the cause with men meate and mony being the next neighbour to Vlme His Majesty also at this time did give Patents to Hugh Hamilton and to Iohn Forbesse as Colonells to leavie two Regiments of foote on the borders of Sweetzerland at which time his Majesty did write a favourable Letter unto the Protestant Cantons in Sweetzerland to give no passe through their country unto the Spaniard from Italy and that for weighty reasons chiefly calling them to memory that the house of Austria and Spaine were ever great croslers of the liberties of their Common-wealth and most of all of the liberty of their consciences which Letter was gratiously accepted by the Sweetzers and the passage after that was closed up Our march continuing to to Furt on our way the Bishopricks of Aichstat and Tilligen were brought under his Majesties contribution as also Papenhaim Castle was taken in being the second marshall house belonging to the Empire not distant above two miles from Wysenburg where before our coming to Wysenburg the Duke of Bavier his Forces were retired againe for their safeties unto Engolstat being led by Crats so that without impediment our march continued to Furt on the Pegnets besides Nurenberg where we incamped againe on the fields the seventh of Iune and remained there till the Lords of Nurenberg invited his Majesty to their City where his Majesty was Royally entertained and bountifully offered what in their powers lay to be given unto his Majesty either for his Army or his Majesties contentment otherwise and in this meane time the Duke of Bavaria his forces were ioyned with Valestine his Army at Egger having used all the diligence he could in helping his foote forwards on horse-backe and waggons and in their by-going the seventh of Iune they tooke in Schultzbach in the over Paltz having no Garrison in it but Burgers who defended themselves till they made an Accord which was not kept unto them The thirty-two Observation HEre we see againe his Majesties wonderfull diligence wherein doth ever consist the best part of warre for hearing in Bavaria that Walestine was marched with a strong Armie out of Bohemia towards the over Paltz and knowing the Duke of Baviere had the passe of Rhinesberg free unto the upper Paltz he was not able to hinder their Conjunction if Walestine his designe were on Nurenberg as it was his Majestie knew then diligence was to be used for the reliefe of Nurenberg and therefore though about he hasted his march thither for his Majestie knew well that the taking of time in warres was of much importance especially knowing the enemies designe being on Nurenberg which to have the enemy he knew would not spare either money or travell for if they could cut off his Majestie from the helpe and assistance of this Towne it was the best way to defend Baviere Schwabland and Ostreigh Likewise it was the onely meanes to recover againe the Bishopricke of Wurtzburg and the Dukedome of Franconia and by that meanes if not altogether yet farre they might drive backe againe his Majestie of Sweden and his Forces keeping him out of Bavaria as also out of the Emperours hereditarie lands This was their cunning enterprise on Nurenberg and the reasons of it which his Majestie of Sweden that Heroicke and magnanimous King tooke betimes unto his consideration having had a wake-rise or vigilant eye over the safetie and preservation of this Citie seeing it stood of so much importance unto his Majestie and unto the whole Evangelists Confederates that the enemy should not be Master of it And therefore to prevent the hurt thereof his Majestie used the greater haste out of Bavaria For his Majesty knew well that the opportunitie of time was like a swift Eagle which being at ones foote may be taken but when once he mounts in the ayre he laughs at those would catch him not meaning to returne unto them which moved his Majestie not to suffer the Eagle to mount so high as to be laughed at but imbracing opportunitie while he had it he prevented the enemies designe by taking of time that augments our experience in warfare which experience gives us confidence in our behaviours in the greatest extremitie giving us resolution and courage against our enemies as also graces our behaviour towards our friends and confederates Here then we see the enemies designes prevented by the diligence labour and danger of the most valiant the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden who was so diligent or wake-rife that his delight was to try the Conclusions of Fortune against his enemies forcing Fortune to make him her Favourite and sometimes her Master as he was on this expedition in coming betwixt the enemy and the Citie of Nurenberg as a good Shepheard goeth betwixt the Flocke and the Corne. Moreover here we see also the great wisedome of his Majestie in making his league and confederacy sure with the Duke of Wirtenberg before he could perceive the enemies strength that were coming against him taking a catch of time which being over-seene could never have beene had againe and therefore it was that his Majestie used the greater celeritie in binding up that confederacy having then his Armie under the Duke of Wirtenbergs nose to force him to Conditions if he had not willingly yeelded where we see that the power of an Armie led by a King much availeth to bring inferiours to Conditions not being able againe to resist a Kings power with Force And as his Majestie was wise in making his confederacy with the Duke so he was diligent in fore-seeing to write to the Republique of Switzerland to get the passage closed on his enemies behinde him As also we see here his Majesties care to supply his Armie by giving Patents to our Country-men whose fortunes were much to be lamented for having brought their Regiments suddenly together they

cannot helpe us in this life or in the life to come Let us then say with Micha let it be with us as it pleaseth God and let us say with David It is good for us o Lord that thou hast chastened us with thy Rod thou canst also helpe us and bring us to an happy end of all our miseries the Lord will not suffer us nor our seede to lacke bread and the Lord our God did ever give unto the people of Israell at all times Rulers Iudges and Kings and Iael though a woman de●pised was strong enough to drive a naile in the right cause Shall not then the Lord on our repentance sturre up one yet to take his cause in hand who are also Israels and the Lords people and inheritance being also christened in the Lords name And as a Mother doth not forget her Child so will not the Lord forget us but in place of our Master Captaine and King will yet give unto us a valiant Leader come I hope of the valiant Bruce of the first King of the Stewarts of the Issue of Elizabeth the Queene of Bohemia and Iewell of her sex the most splendid in brightnesse of minde for a woman that the Earth doth affoord From her I wish the Leader to come into the field to fight with goodlucke victory with strength power with wisdome and understanding c. against her enemies and our enemies alwayes well furnished and prepared the Lord will give him an Horne of Iron and feete of Brasse to beate his enemies in peeces the Lord will lift up his hand upon his adversaries and cut off all his enemies and to conclude he will make him treade the Devill under his feete The Lord of his infinite mercy grant unto us such a Leader in place of our valiant Master Captaine and King of never dying memory the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden so shall we not neede in any manner of way to doubt of a wished happy end both to the warre and to our selves being victorious over all our enemies temporall and spirituall Amen The fourty-one Duty discharged at the intaking of Landsberg on the Leake and the reliefe of Rhine PALSGRAVE Christian being left by his Majesty to command the Army in Bavier having left Rhine with foure Companies of Swedens commanded by Colonell Worbran his Major he brake up with the Army towards Aichstade in Bavier and having taken it by Accord he continued his march towards Landsberg on the Leake Where having arrived within halfe a mile of the Towne we quartered for a night till preparation were made of victualls and furniture convenient for the beleaguering which being made the next day we marched towards the Towne in Battaile drawing up within reach of Cannon to the walles in the safest part they thundering with cannon amongst us our foote Army was divided in Briggads and directed to severall Posts our horsmen were also divided Some were commanded out to scoure the fields on that side the enemy was to come others were appointed to remaine beside the Infantry to second us against the out-falling or otherwise to second us against the reliefe that might come to the Towne The rest of our Horsemen were directed to Quarters having left Ordonance Rutters to bring them intelligence The Towne being beleaguered on all Quarters a Bridge was made over the River where a strong Guard of horse and foote were sent to hinder both their supply and escape on that side Likewise the approaches were begun and orders were given in haste for making the Batteries And the Guards being set both to the Cannon and to those that wrought in the Trenches the Colonells were Recognosceing about the walls before their severall Postes Where at the first Colonell Fowle was shot through the thigh with a Musket who immediatly was sent to Ausburg to be cured Before night a second partie of Horse were sent forth for Intelligence lest any mis-fortune might befall the first partie whereby we might not be surprized by the Enemy being strong together at Minchen Spence his Regiment and mine were appointed to attend on the Generall at his Quarter my Lievetenant Colonell commanded the Guards on the Battery and the Trenches on our Quarter And the Generall Major Ruthven his Briggad being on the other Quarter next the water there grew a contestation of vertue betwixt the Officers of both Briggads who should first with their approaches come to the wall but those of Ruthvens Briggad were forced notwithstanding of their diligence to yeeld the precedency unto us being older blades than themselves for in effect we were their Schoolemasters in Discipline as they could not but acknowledge So being they were trained up by us from Souldiers to be inferiour Officers and then for their preferments and advancement they went from us with our favours towards the Generall Major such as Captaine Gunne Lievetenant Brumfield Lievetenant Dumbarre Lievetenant Macboy Lievetenant Southerland Ensigne Denune and divers more which were preferred under Ruthvens Regiment till in the end they did strive in vertue to goe beyond their former Leaders Neverthelesse we kept ever that due correspondence together that where ever we did meet we were but one not without the envie of others This strife amongst us furthered so the victory that before the next morning from our Battery where Sinclaire did command there was a breach shot in the Skonce without the Towne as also from the Generall Major his Quarter there were two Officers of the enemies killed on the wall their Cannon dismounted and a great breach made in the wall So that the enemy perceiving he had two breaches to defend he tuck 't a Drumme desiring to parlé Which being granted the Accord went on and they were suffered to march out with their Armes seeing the Generall had intelligence their Armie was comming to releeve them he was glad to grant them any Conditions before he were forced to rise from the Towne by the Enemy being so neare for reliefe of it The enemy being marched out and convoyed away the Generall directed Generall Major Ruthven into the Towne with a strong partie of foote to beset all the Posts and then to take notice of all provision and goods that were in the Towne such as Corne Wine Artillery Amunition Horses and all other goods or cadducks in generall to be used at their pleasure Which being done the foote Armie were directed to their former Quarters to rest till further Orders The Horsemen were directed also to Quarters and then there were Quarters made in the Towne for the Generall and the Hoofstaffe as also for the Colonells of horse and foote during the Generall his further pleasure Diverse of our foote Souldiers were hurt on the Batteries and Trenches which got Quarters in the Towne being allowed to have Chirurgians to cure them And the Towne was incontinent beset againe with foure Companies of Colonell Hugh Hamilton his Regiment being new levied men out of Switzerland and his

care how laborious or painefull our actions are Page 72 Letter F. Friendship next unto faith should be kept unviolable Page 75 Letter O. No Friend more worthy to be chosen then he who hath shewed himselfe valiant against his Enemies Page 75 Letter O. Francfurt on the Maine taken in by his Majesty of Sweden without bloud Page 89 Letter M. Francfurt did well in preferring good conditions of peace before uncertaine warre Page 90 Letter P. Fortune with her boasting should never be suffered to pierce us having tryed sharper that could not pierce Page 95 Letter A. Francfurt shot off their Cannon at the Queene of Sweedens entry Page 99 Letter G. Felt-marshall Horne deligent in sub●uing the Townes on the Neckar Page 100 Letter L. Friendship is never durable where love doth not grow Page 105 Letter V. Feare and astonishment is great amongst the Papists in Bavaria Page 116 Letter P. Frontier Garrisons are easily gotten by a victorious Army Page 11 Letter Q. The Fuckers of Ausburg from Marchants turne Souldiers were made Earles by the Emperour Page 120 Letter X. The Fuckers lands disposed to old Ruthven for reward of vertue Page 120 Letter X. Friedberg neere Ausburg punished for betraying of the Swedens sa●egards Page 136 Letter Z. Felt-marshall Horne takes in Trerebagh on the Mosell by Accord Page 138 Letter C. Felt-marshall Arnhem takes in Grosglogo in Silesia Page 139 Letter D. Felt-marshall Horne parallel'd in command to Papenhaim Page 143 Letter I. Felt-marshall Arnham commended for his victories and for his justice Page 143 Letter K. The Foundation of mans actions laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile Page 154 Letter D. Felt-marshall Horne his good successe in Alsas Page 165 Letter Z. Felt-marshall Horne his retreit into Wertenberg Page 177 Letter T. G. Generall Bannier commended for his carriage at Damaine Page 18 Letter Z. Goods evill conqu●st goe away with wings swifter then the winde Page 20 Letter B. Gen●rall Major Kinphou●en his oversight at Brandenburg discommended Page 23 Letter F. The G●rmans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in danger and trouble Page 27 Letter N. God never was served for nought by no man Page 37 Letter B. Greedy persons should never be advanced to publique imployment Page 37 Letter D. Greedinesse alike common to Officers as to Souldiers Page 37 Letter D. Gustavus Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather her Master Page 41 Letter G. Good Commanders next unto God are able to bring victory Page 42 Letter K. Generall Tilly presents himselfe with thirty-two peece of Ordnance before Verben Leaguer Page 52 Letter E. Generall Tilly the scourge of Madeburg Page 61 Letter O. Generall Tilly ro●●'d of his honour at Leip●igh Page 68 Letter Y. A Good quarrell is the life of fig●ting Page 70 Letter C. Generall Tilly after Leipsigh leads a strong Army towards the Maine Page 82 Letter A. Generall Tilly his retreate from the Maine Page 85 Letter D. A Generalls place very weighty Page 86 Letter G. Gust●vus Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Page Letter H. Gen●rall Tilly forceth Gustavus Horne to retire from Bambricke Page Letter T. Generall Tilly his Generall Quarter-master slaine at Looffe Page 111 Letter E. Glob●s Terrestiall and Celestiall presented to his Majesty of Sweden Page 111 Letter F. Grave Henry W. Fons●lius shot at Bambricke and died at Swin●ford Page 112 Letter G. Gustavus-Burg on the Maine a Trophie of victory Page 112 Letter H. Great Generalls they have an unsatiable desire of victory and good fortune till neere their end Page 64 Letter N. Generall Tilly with his Army plagued at once with seventy-two peeces of Cannon Page 116 Letter Q. Generall Tilly lost a legge by the Cannon before the Leake Page 117 Letter Q. Generall Tilly being seventy-two yeares of age died honourably in defence of his Country and Religion Page 118 Letter T. Generall Tilly before Leipsigh would give his Majesty of Sweden but the title of a Cavalier Page 118 Letter T. Generall Major Ruthven brought Schwabland under contribution Page 119 Letter X. Generall B●nnier cōmended for making the retreit from Engolstat Page 122 Letter Z. Generall B●wtish succeeded to Tot in command Page 137 Letter B. Gene●all Major King sore wounded being taken prisoner Page 137 Letter B. Generall Major Sparre Gordon and Lesly taken prisoners at Nur●nberg Page 145 Letter N. Generall Banier and Generall Major Roisten both shot before Nurenberg Page 148 Letter S. Generall Major Bo●tius slaine at Nurenberg Page 150 Letter T. Good Fortune is never on one side Page 151 Letter X. H. Hepburne his Major slaine at Francfurt Page 33 Letter W. Horfemens carriage at Leipsigh commendable Page 69 Letter Z. Honour and glory are the enticements to paine and travell and by exercise in warre men attaine to courage and constant valour frequenting danger Page 69 Letter Hepburne and Lumsdell commended by his Majesty to the Duke of Saxon. Page 75 Letter N. Hanow taken in by slight Page 85 Letter E. Those whom God Honours are worthy of honour from their equalls Page 87 Letter K. Hechst taken in by accord Page 89 Letter M. Men are Hurt sometimes as a presage of worldly lucke Page 95 Letter A. Hostages fifty taken out of Bavier Page 126 Letter H. Hunting most pleasant about Minken and Bavier Page 125 Letter H. Heroicks who would prove should follow and imitate Gustavus Page 127 Letter K. A Hasty man without discretion is never good in an Army Page 152 Letter Y. Holke and Gallas brethren as Simeon and Levi. Page 153 Letter B. Holke in Saxony being a Lutheran shewed lesse compassion then a Papist Page 156 Letter G. I. The Imperialists ●ere well payed for hanging out the go●se at Francfurt Page 31 Letter V. The Irish at Francfurt did valorously resist the yellow and blew Briggads Page 34 Letter Y. The Imperialists surprised inter pocula at Francfurt Page 36 Letter A. The Imperialists had forty-one Cornets defeated before their comming to Verben Page 52 Letter A. The Imperialists were twice stronger then our Army at Verben Page 55 Letter G. The Imperialists lost at Leipsigh eigh-thousand men Page 67 Letter X. As Ignorance precipitates men into danger so to a generous heart nothing seemes difficile Page 69 Letter Z. No greater Ioy can come to man then to overcome his Enemy by fighting Page 70 Letter C. The Imperialists committed great abuses at the intaking of Vysingberg Page 122 Letter B. The Imperiall Leaguer before Nurenberg did extend from Stein to the Flect called Zarendorffe Page 134 Letter W. The Imperialists chased out of Furt at the comming of the Swedens succours Page 147 Letter Q. The Imperiall Leaguer saluted with Cannon for a whole day Page 148 Letter R. The Imperiall Colonells diverse killed at Nurenberg Page 151 Letter V. Ignominy losse of life the fruit of entertaining to much Camradship Page 161 Letter I. When Industry cannot purchase one smile from fortune some others are

resolution before Engolstat Page 120 Letter Z. Scots Officers advanced by Generall Major Ruthven Page 122 Letter C. Scots Regiments two were appointed at Minken in Bavier to guard two Kings Page 125 Letter G. Spoile in great brought out of Bavaria Page 126 Letter I. Scots Colonells two were unfortunate by their imprisonment Page 174 Letter O. Spire given over by Colonell Hornegt Page 135 Letter X. The Swedens conv●yed the Spaniard toward Mastreight Page 135 Letter Y. Stoad beset againe with a Sweden Garrison Page 137 Letter A. The Swedens take in Coblentz and quit it to the French Page 138 Letter C. The Swedens beleaguer Benfeld in Alsas Page 139 Letter D. The Spaniard discommended for his conduct in the Paltz Page 141 Letter F. Spaniards they were not all that fled neither were they all Swedens that followed the victory Page 141 Letter G. The Souldier glorying in his poverty is contented with any thing Page 141 Letter O. Separation wonderfull of two Armies without a shot Page 154 Letter D. Stout he must be and wise also that cannot be surprised Page 155 Letter E. The Separation of loving friends compared to that death makes betwixt the body and Soule Page 155 Letter F. A Slight accord made at Rhine on the Leake Page 159 Letter L. Souldiers ought to setle their wives before they should be impediments unto them at service Page 161 Letter Q. Souldiers abstaine more from vice for feare of punishment then for obedience to Gods Law Page 162 Letter R. The Swedens after Leitzen resolved to revenge the Kings death Page 165 Letter Y. Souldiers having once conceived an evill opinion of their Leaders no eloquence is able to remove it Page 174 Letter N. The Swedens Army was left at Donavert 1633 for three moneths Page 178 Letter V. T. Terror in great amongst the Catholiques at Erford Page 77 Letter P. The Tyranny of our Enemies ought rather to be prevented then suffered Page 132 Letter T. The Townes about Nurenberg unhumanely used by Gallas Page 154 Letter B. Time nor number of yeares doth not make a good Souldier but the continuall meditation of exercise and practice Page 69 Letter A. V. The Valour of Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler commended at Francfurt on the Oder Page 34 Letter Y. Victory is never peculiar unto any Page 50 Letter Z. The Valiant man would choose to die honourably when Cowards desire to live with ignominy Page 72 Letter H. In Vaine we murmur at things must be in vaine we mourne for what we cannot remedy Page 174 Letter M. Vnworthy they are of command who preferre any thing to the health of their followers Page 155 Letter E. VV. A Woman wonderfully delivered of a child a shipboard Page 6 Letter M. Our Wings the farther they are spread from us our bodies are the better guarded Page 10 Letter O. In Warres nothing can be well effectuated without the guide of intelligence Page 41 Letter H. Wirtzburg taken by accord Page 79 Letter V. The Want of feathers is a great impediment unto flying Page 87 Letter K. The Wings of the Empire were neare clipt by his Majesty of Sweden Page 108 Letter A. To Win credit we must rather seeke to our Enemies then to stay their commings Page 113 Letter I. Both Wise and stout they ought to be that leade Armies Page 1●2 Letter Z. Wisdome force or power cannot p●●vaile against that cause the Lord takes in hand Page 154 Letter D. Wallestine takes in the Castle of Plesingburg Page 166 Letter Wallestine his retreit after losing the battaile of Leitzen Page 165 Letter Z. Wallestine did goe about to fight more with craft and policy then with the dint of Armes Page 153 Letter A. Y. The Young Rhinegrave slaine 1631. Page 52 Letter A. Young Papenhaim valorously did keepe out the castle of Mansfelt Page 113 Letter K. Licence is granted for the printing of this Booke Hampton Court Decemb. 8. 1636. Iohn Coke FINIS H. F. obs English Colenells Lievetenant Colonells ct ct

time may change him to another man I will let him be his own Beadle and for his punishment I would not care though he were made to sing an Invective against himselfe But I pray God we may be freed of the like our selves and not to looke upon another with a Beam'd eye but rather to be our owne Antidot's against all the poyson that another is able to spit upon us Let us then have our eyes fixed upon vertue and we shall finde a beautie that will every day take us with some grace or other For the world hath nothing so glorious in it as vertue when shee rides Triumphing as both these Cavaliers doe after death in despight of their enemies like Phoebean Champions praysed by their enemies for resisting their strongest assaults are now renowned in despight of envie and the abusive world And the worthy Souldiers their Associats in this memorable conflict and hot storme are not to be forgotten but to be praysed for their valour For though as I said by appearance to looke but on their outsides they were the meanest in shew of our whole Regiment yet God that gives hearts and courage unto men made them the instruments of our Regiments first credit in the warres of Germany They were I confesse led by brave Officers which were seconded and obeyed by resolute and stout Souldiers that gained victory and credit over their enemies in extremitie by casting sand in their eyes This victory puts me in mind of a prettie Story shewing that some times the meanest things doe helpe us much against our enemies especially when the LORD will blesse our fighting with meane Instruments fighting for us for his owne glory Iovianios Pontanus reports of Alphons being resolved by assault to take in Vicaro his Souldiers having at the first past the countersharpe and fossie scaling the walles the Inhabitants not able to repulse them with stones and the enemy unawares having surprised them that they got not leasure to arme themselves they threw Bee hives amongst the enemy which being dispersed sticking under their Armes and in their faces forced the enemy to retire uneffectuating his designe Reade Iovian in his seventh Booke of Alphons his deed Cap. 2. Ierome Osorius reports the like Story of one Captaine Baregue a Portugall in his eighth Booke of Portugall who by throwing Bee-hives on his enemies made them to retire The like was done of late in Hungaria on a Fort belonging to the Bishop of Agria neere the Turkes which with the like helpe was relieved of a sudden assault the Souldiers not having time to goe to their Armes used this meane and were saved thereby We see then that an immortall good name is attained unto by vertue and not by villany Here also in this conflict we see notwithstanding of the enemies eager pursuit with fury that resolution at last prevailes for the defenders having at first resisted their fury the enemy with losse being forced to retire the assailers were discouraged and the defenders incouraged Therefore it is the dutie of a brave Captaine that is to be assailed to resist the beginnings well and then the end must needs be glorious In such occasions happie is that Commander that in extremitie of danger is accompanied with a few trustie friends and Souldiers He may be assured not to be forsaken as I have beene some times by strangers The valiant Souldier is ever best knowne in the greatest extremitie of danger and a forebeaten enemy once or twice repulsed will be loath to continue his pursute But he that would gaine honour must resolve to contemne death though ever before his eyes Wherefore I would wish the brave Souldier to be ever well prepared to die who should glory in nothing earthly more than in the tokens of his valour being knowne they were got with credit and not by infamie as many unworthy Souldiers oft-times get wounds but not with credit while for their cowardise they are running away yet they will vaunt amongst the unknowne as if their wounds were credibly gotten Here also we may see the resolution and courage of our Country-man to be prayse-worthy though killed serving the Emperour for though I loved him not being mine enemy yet I honour his memory in serving them truely whom he did serve for his owne credit Of all professions men of our profession ought to looke neerest to their credits being attained unto by much toyle and travell and is lost with little Therefore it is said that a valourous man his credit hangs as it were at one haire and one little errour or oversight in command can obnubilate all his former glory Circumspect then had we need to be to preserve this credit so dearely bought and easily lost We must not then looke to the outside of a man but unto his vertues for he that judgeth men of our profession by Physiognomie shall oft-times be deceived for he that is not stout by nature in our profession having served out a seaven yeares prentiship under such a Leader as the magnanimous King of Denmarke such a one though not stout by nature by frequencie of danger is made stout as a sword fearing nothing not death it selfe And Souldiers thus used with danger for the love of their Leaders to gaine their favours and good opinion will undertake the hazard of the greatest dangers for their Commanders sake Such then that have travelled well should by due have rest since the Crowne is laid up and ordained for him that fights well On the other part to end this observation as I did begin there is no p●nishment more grievous than the publique ill-will of all men especially for just causes And in my opinion it is better to be buried in oblivion than to be evill spoken of to posteritie The first Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Rapine to Wismere on the Baltick Coast. HAving rested eight dayes at Rapine of intention to have marched toward Silesia to joyne with the Armie there God that disposes all things by his providence for our best provided that we went not for the Armie there being beaten and put to rout whereof few escaped The enemy after his Victory following downe to us-ward and having crossed the Elve behinde us our retreat towards the Kings Armie in Holsten was hindred the passages being all beset by the enemies forces so that there was no other passage free for our Armie to passe through but onely to retire towards the Baltick Sea to patronize the Isle of Poule for our safetie till such time as shipping should be provided by his Majestie to transport us unto Holsten Orders then were given to the whole Armie to march with all celeritie from Rapine unto the Randezvouz being appointed at Perlesberg where having come together we were neere ten thousand strong of horse and foot being sufficiently provided of Artillery and Ammunition answerable to the strength of our Armie Our march in great haste night and day continues towards Wismere being afraid of our enemies

ground as the example of pittie that he who was indued with such courage and Christian resolution had not time in the warfare to have given the world greater proofe of his valour Here also I must condemne those arrogant Spirits who contemne God and Fate that while as being on service and being hurt may retire with credit and on the contrary will be so foolishly valiant as to stay on a second hurt worse than the first as became that day of a young Gentleman of my name and kindred who being shot in the Arme with a musket bullet would not at my desire retire but slighting his wound stayed on service till he was shot dead in the head David Monro Ensigne being shot through the body above the left pappe went a little aside till he was drest and returned againe to his Station keeping his Colours in his hand till night before the enemy never fainting with his wound an example of rare courage and of great strength of bodie neither did he ever thereafter keepe bed or lodging one houre more than ordinary for all this hurt Here also I di● observe that the former distractions amongst the Officers of the Regiment were taken away having been companions of equall danger against their enemies made them love one ano●her the better ever after for Captaine Iohn Monro helped Lievetenant colonell Seaton being shot to his horse having on the march two dayes before fallen horribly out which verifies the Scots Proverbe Dogges will part Swine and make them agree amongst themselves We see oft-times that those that are feeblest themselves are most ready to speake Derogatively of others Here I might inferre divers instances yet I will inferre and onely point for the present a little at those unluckie dispositions that cannot endure any but themselves to be well thought of for if one be justly praised or advanced in recompence of his vertue they will presently dismount his vertues and stabbe him to the heart obnubilating his brightest glory with a Butt of Detraction bred of envie nastie indeficient minds devising spots where they find them not a base office to make his tongue whip a worthy man If I knew vice in another I would nobly shew my charitie in conc●aling it if he be absent if present I would not flatter for the valiant man his tongue is ever the greatest coward in absence for it is not good to deprave the fame of the absent with a viperous Tongue Therefore my advice were to thee in such a case to doe like the wise man to learne somewhat by thine enemies outrage as King Philip of Macedon learned well the lesson who many times thanked his enemies for their outrage which made him afterwards the more wise more circumspect and more setled for nothing gives a man more good experience than warres lawes love and detraction And for Detraction thou oughtest to be so wise if thou be made the marke for Calumniators to shoot at let them shoot as they please I would be hard they should not pierce me Being armed with a good Conscience we should not care for their shooting for though it sometime take ●oo● in the eares of some hearers yet thy comfort should be that one day he shall kill himselfe soone or late as the poysonable birth kils the mother and such fellows should be punished as theeves seeing the one bereaves men but of their substance but the other bereaves them of life and death and of their dearest friends also And he should be holden as such a one himselfe till he brought his evidence as the custome was of old and for my selfe I never found better remedie against them than to disdaine them as coming about the eares of a deafe man that did not heare them and this I found to be the best bridle to curbe their tongues for in the end he would hold his peace and turne his tongue another way but I must confesse the tongue of a Calumniatour hath sometimes offended me and grieved me much but they profited me in making me the more circumspect and diligent in thinking on all circumstances that might conserve my credit and reputation to be avenged on them And with the Proverbe which I know to be true I will conclude this point things that grieve us should lead us to repentance seeing that which destroyes instructs and God oft-times cleanses the inward man by the outward by the contrary course leading us to our wished for Harbour for there is no such great discommoditie but brings commoditie with it for those that are stinged by Scorpions though at first it be very dangerous yet at last the hurt being cured by convenient remedies it brings fruit with advantage as experience hath taught neither Flie Bee nor Wasp can harme those thus cured To conclude then this point of Detraction men should be circumspect what to determine of other mens actions being on service for I am of the opinion that in time of hot service no man doth remember the halfe of his owne actions much lesse to remarke the actions of others except some circumstances which he may remember Therefore we should be loath unnecessarily to bring our selves in question in speaking evill of others for commonly at such times cowards or feeble men that are not in action themselves see more than others that are better employed yet the feeble man is ever readiest to detract for to prevent his owne insufficiency too well knowne to others But after this dayes service our detractions and distractions also were almost taken away being companions of the like danger against our enemies And I inferred this discourse of detraction by reason that at such service commonly men doe speake as they doe favour or rather as their envie carries them which fault as being too much in use in all estates especially amongst Souldiers I would wish from my heart that it might be eschewed Here also I observed that want of circumspection in command especially over young Souldiers as we had to command doe many times cause great inconveniences to follow as was seen in the blowing up of our powder whereby our Colonell was burnt in the face and many more Here I might speake somewhat of the hurt and inconveniency that doth happen many times by Cannon and powder but I will referre it to a fitter place to be spoken of Likewise I cannot here omit to speake somewhat of the resolution of some particular Souldiers that were hurt on this service Hector Monro of Cool being shot through one of his feet was desired to goe off who answered it was not time till first he had emptied his Bandeliers against his enemies before which time he was shot through the other foot also and then was not able to come off alone without helpe of others and some of his Camerades which helpt him off going farther with him than he thought needfull for his safetie or their credit he wished them to retire and discharge their duties against the enemy as they

had already possessed the whole Bulworke and shipping with their horse I asking my Colonells leave drew our whole Colours in front and our Pikes charged after them our musketiers drawne up in our reare by divisions fortifying our reare in case the Enemy should assault us in our Reare and then I advanced with our Colours alongst the peere our Pikes charged we cleered the Peere of the Horsemen suffring them to save themselves from drowning where they found the Channell most shallow and advancing thus to the end of the Peere we seazed upon one ship with some horses in it where we set our Colours and making that ship launch off a little from the shore for feare of being aground having mann'd the ship-boat with an Officer and some musketiers we sent to force other ships out of the Roade to launch in and serve us untill such time as the most part of our Regiment were shipped except some Villaines who were gone a plundering in the Towne but not knowing the danger they were in they stayed all night from us and were taken by the enemy the next morning Thus having shipped our men we were forced to quit our Horses and baggage the Officers that were most diligent as Captaine Monro and my brother Obstell were busied the whole night ferrying souldiers from the shoare especially the sicke and wounded who were not able to helpe themselves In the morning I shipped three boatefulls of wounded and sicke men till at the last I was beaten from the shoare by the enemies horsemen And my Colonells ship being under saile layd up to the winde attending my comming with the last fraught and then we followed the Route of the fleete seeing the enemies Army drawne up in battell horse foote and Cannon and our Army of Foote and horse opposite unto them where I did see six and thirty Cornets of horse being full troupes without loosing of one Pistoll give themselves prisoners in the enemies mercy whereof the most part tooke service As also I did see above five Regiments of foote being forty Colours follow their examples rendring themselves and their colours without loosing of one musket Iudge then judicious reader though we were sorrie for the losse of our Army if we were glad of our owne safeties I thinke we were and praised be God with no discredit to us or our Nation for none can be blamed that doth what he is commanded thus following our course the third morning we arrived before Flinesborrie where our Randezvouz was appointed and having sent a shoare for some victualls whereof we stood in great neede no man was blamed to provide for himselfe at such time when the whole Country was to be left to our enemies mercy His Majesty being there after hearing the certainty of his great losse resolved to secure Denmark having lost Holsten Yewtland we got orders with expedition all of us to ship and to hold forth our course unto Assens in Denmark where his Majesty promised to meete us to dispose further of us for his Majesties service and we making saile follow our course and orders At our parting the Rhinegrave with his Regiment did come thither the enemy at his heeles and he at spurres following the King till he had gotten the passe made good betwixt Holsten and Yewtland and his Majestie once safely arrived in Denmark the Rhinegrave quitting Yewtland unto the enemy follows the King unto Denmark We landed at Assens of our Regiment eight hundred Souldiers besides one hundred and fifty wounded and sicke men and being put in good quarters we rest us leaving the enemy to rest in the fat land of Holsten and Yewtland having a good broad and deepe fossey betwixt us we were by Gods mercy secured The seventh Observation HEre we see that the losse of a day is the losse of a great part of his Majesties Kingdome for the losse of his Armie was the losse of Holsten and Yewtland so that here below we have no assured estate from the King to the Clowne whereof we have frequent examples in Histories which should make none of all estates to glory too much either in their peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did for though now thou be in peace and securitie as they were before this day thou oughtst to looke unto thy selfe and to prevent the worst better than they did Therefore to discharge a part of my dutie to my Country-men and friends I minde here somewhat to touch the misery of man through the inconstancy of humane affaires Isidore writes that it was the custome at Constantinople in the dayes of the Emperours Coronation while as he sate in his Throne a Mason came to him presenting stones that he might choose which he would to make his Tombe of thereby putting him in minde of the inconstancy of humane fragilitie We reade also of a simple Citizen in Italy that became one of the most powerfull men in Italy and coming to the dignitie of a Prince being thirtie yeares without interruption in great prosperitie tranquillitie and peace yea ever in the most dangerous time of warre and his Children raised to high honours and dignities this man thinking himselfe to be above the winde a whirle-winde of warres unlooked for came on him and his from Florence that he with his wife and children were taken prisoners and sent to Millane his goods confiscated he was shut up in close prison and died miserably the Venetians appropriating unto themselves all his money he had in Bancke We reade also of one Francis Force that through his heaping up of wealth came to be made Duke of Millane and after that intitled himselfe to be the Sonne of Fortune and the Oracle of the Princes of Italie being many yeares in prosperitie was afterwards chased from his goods as the Holsteners were then but having recovered his lands and goods againe he grew so insolent and proud of his prosperitie that at last he was taken prisoner and was kept till death in prison mockt of the whole world for his pride and greedinesse The same Author Guicchardine in his seventh Booke in the 157 doth record of the Bentioles chased out of Bullon where they long were in peace the subjects of Millane being forbidden to receive them the chiefest of them died of griefe having never before tasted the Cup of adversitie And so became of sundry in Denmark that for feare did send away their goods by shipping unto the Craggs of Norway to be kept there whereof some were lost by Sea and the owners afterward died of griefe not having the courage to undergoe patiently their Crosse. The Lord of his mercie preserve my Countrey and Friends from the like Visitation Let no man therefore flatter himselfe with prosperitie riches or honour as Agapetus adviseth us in his Politique Aphorismes All are borne alike come of dust our glory then should be of vertue and not in riches prosperitie or honours for we should esteeme of nothing so much as of Gods judgements praying his

Majestie continually to divert them from us esteeming more of our soules than of deceivable riches whereof the possession is uncertaine as was seene at this time both in Holsten and Yewtland their riches went faster away than they came and though they could have enjoyed them yet at last they were forced to leave them to others Since therefore we can carry nothing with us but our good name let us be ever carefull of that discharging so farre as we may with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her banished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe

by Lawes and if they love and respect their Officers for feare to offend even in their Marches for their Officers credits they will march so orderly with Armes in their Rancks and Files that you would thinke a whole Regiment well disciplined as this was were all but one body and of one motion their eares obeying the command all as one their eyes turning all alike at the first signe given their hands going to execution as one hand giving one stroake yea many stroakes all alike ever readie to strike or hold up as their Commander pleaseth and thus exercised they were that their enemies in all Rancounters could not but duely praise them calling them the Invincible old Regiment which alwayes rancountred with them on all occasions so that Mac-Keyes name was very frequent through the glorious fame of this never-dying Regiment never wrong'd by Fortune in their fame though divers times by their enemies valour they sustained both losse and hurt but would to God we had alwayes met man to man or that our Army had consisted all of such men and such Officers whereof I was the unworthiest If so had beene our conquest had extended so farre as the Romanes of old did extend the limits and borders of their Empire which for my wish I would bestow on the Prince Elector Palatine borne by the Iewel of Europe the Queene of Bohemia his Royall Mother and if it were at my distribution he should have all from the River Euphrates at the East to the Ocean Sea at the West the fertillest part of Africke at the South and the Rhine and the Danube at the North and yet I durst affirme that his Grand-father King IAMES of blessed and never-dying memory might merit a farre greater possession for his Grand-childe the Illustrious Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine and to have an Armie of such men under his command to be avenged on his enemies I would wish their cloathes nor mine owne came never off till his enemies were made his footstoole to tread on or to shew mercie at his Highnesse pleasure And for my wish his Armie should be all of Britaines Dutch and Irish such as Vegetius describeth the Romane Souldiers of old and I as one though unworthiest of a thousand Britaine Officers would undertake to make such brave lads to dwell Summer and Winter in Tents ever in readinesse to fight with our enemies and to endure all incommodities for the credit of such a Master banishing far from him with valiant hands well armed all the craft power and subtiltie that his enemies were able to devise against him And we should for his sake be contented with such allowance as the Emperiall Lawes allow a Souldier being onely so much as might maintaine life or so much as Beasts get that are put to dyet and we should be content to march with such expedition without intermission without quarter or Garrison as neede requireth never staying behinde but alwayes advancing consenting willingly to undergoe correction if we did to the contrary but to march ever orderly in Rancks as the way lay rough or even foule or faire as our Colours and Leaders went before us Never quitting our Rancks but with licence till the cause were wonne or that our Masters Throne were established And if otherwise we went astray we should be content to quit our allowance and if this discipline were not strict enough we should be content to have his Highnesse and Royall Mother restored to doe as our Fathers did coming out of Egypt marching alongst the spacious and wide Desert that our Randezvouz might be appointed and set till we arrived in Cades that is to say in the holy Land where being victorious we should bid our Master farewell and rest with our Fathers The ninth Dutie discharged of Major Dumbarre his Service at Bredenberg THis noble Cavalier of famous and worthy memory having done notable good service at Beysenburg Skonce on the River of the Elve as was formerly set downe at his retiring to Lugstad he was commanded with foure Companies of Scots and certaine Dutch the enemy having falne into Holsten his order was to beset the Castle of Bredenberg being a passe but not strong nor fortified in Forma As I was informed by a valourous little Captaine Captaine William Lumsdell who then was Ensigne to the Major who onely at that time escaped with his life from the fury of the enemy being within the house while as the rest in the fury were put to the sword This Gentleman who informed me was with the Major walking abroad neare to the house at the enemies first approaching so that the enemy unawares did come so neare that they retiring to the Castle had scarce time to draw up the draw-bridge when the enemy with his forces being as was thought ten thousand strong led by Tilley had the house environed on all quarters The enemy sends a Trumpeter summoning to render the place which was refused Whereupon they entred to approach and the Defender resists The service thus begun Comoedian-like ends very Tragically the whole Court and lodgings running with bloud with which the walles and pavement are sprinkled with our Scottish bloud to be viewed and seene to this day To be particular in the discharge of this dutie at large not having seene the service I will not lest I should erre in giving notice unto the world of things I did not know but by report which ordinarily holds not so true as things we have both knowne and seene In this house of Bredenberg there was a great number of men women and children besides the Souldiers that had taken their flight thither as to a place of refuge at the enemies first coming into the land There was also in this house great store of riches belonging to the Lord of the house and to the Fugitives that was brought from the Country The Major valourously defended the place for six dayes untill the time they had approached unto the moate and shot two severall breaches in the wall and being so neare the enemy directed a Drummer unto the Major to see if he would Parle But the Drummer returned with an answer that so long as there was bloud in Dumbarres head that house should never be given over which answer so incensed the enemy against them that they sware if they got the upper hand over them they should all die without quarters Shortly after the answer was returned the Major was shot dead in the head with a fire-lock The rest of the Officers were ashamed to Capitulate for an Accord the Major having refused immediately after Captaine Duncan Forbesse was killed and after him Lievetenant Barbour and then Captaine Carmichell who had no charge there but came by accident to visit his Camerad●s before the Enemies coming whose fortune was not to eschew the payment of that debt by longer continuation The Enemy then passing the Mo●te or Fossey with a generall storme scorned all quarters and being entred cruelly put all to

the sword making no difference of qualitie age nor sex but all alike cruelly put to death so that five or six at most escaped whereof Ensigne Lumsdell miraculously was one The Enemy before this house was taken as I was informed lost above a thousand men which made the Enemies crueltie the greater and of our Regiment were killed above three hundred And it is reported that after the fury was past they made inquisition for the Majors body and having found it they ript up his breast tooke out his heart sundered his gummes and stucke his heart into his mouth they also killed the Preacher who being on his knees begging life was denied mercy The ninth Observation HAppie is he who opens the fruitfull earth and croppes her plentie from her fertill bosome tasting the harmony of peace singing away his labours all day having no note drowned with noise of Drumme nor Cannon but sleepes with peace at night not over-awde by the Tyrants of the earth leading the Rancks of bloud and death as these cruell murderers did at this time by their monstrous and prodigious massacre breaking the peace of God swimming in Christian bloud without mercy to Officer Souldier or Preacher heaping up wrath on their own soules against the day of their appearance before that great Iudge that shall judge both the quicke and the dead Out of our enemies crueltie used here we ought to learne to forbeare the like lest one day we might be used as they used our friends and Country-men for we may be revenged on our enemies crueltie repaying them in a Christian manner without making Beasts of ourselves in not shewing mercy being sought of us which is to be more cruell than Lyons who will not stirre those who stoope unto them And there is no greater token of injustice than to doe that unto another that we would not have done unto our selves And would'st thou have mercy that refusest to shew mercy being sought of thee No truely it is just with God that he misse mercy that refuseth mercy unto others and to have courage without mercy is to bragge of vertue and lacke the right use of it Was there greater perfidie in the world than was used here at the in-taking of this house willingly to harme the dead and the innocent For to wrong an innocent Preacher was savage beseeming a beast not a man and to give a stabbe as was done here for the innocent smile of an Infant was devillish blacke at the heart We reade in the Turkish Story of a childe that strucke an intending murtherer into a swound with offering to embrace him Would to God all those that refuse mercy were so stricken dead to terrifie such tyrants as they were And I perswade my selfe none but villanous persons being Commanders ever suffered the like to have beene done without moderation but I hope haughtie and violent minds will never blesse the owners but that by Domineering they shall fall like Dust. This worthy Cavalier of famous memory after his death thus unchristianly used let no man judge by his end that he in his life time used any man but generously for I dare affirme though sometimes he was subject unto passion it continued not long he being of a good sweet and milde nature and very kinde and constant where he professed friendship and as devout in the profession of his Religion professed in Scotland as became a good Christian being sincere And commonly his custome was leading Troopes on service till he came in Action he went before them bare-headed praying for a blessing to his actions as he hath told me himselfe having asked a reason for this his manner of carriage he scorned in all his Onsets to have been any thing but a Leader alwayes teaching by the strongest authoritie his owne forwardnesse by his owne example And as his humour scorned to be so b●se as to flatter so he did hate to be so currish as to bite But he was ever indued with inviolable Amitie joyned with invaluable love and as he was couragious so he was constant in the one withstanding his enemies in the other entertaining his friend In a word he was a resolute Christian and a man truely honest and therefore I perswade my selfe his death was but the beginning of his joy and the end of his misery having therefore written nothing amisse of him I neede desire no pardon But I know some men will object as a blame in him that he refused a Parlé while as there was no appearance either of reliefe or holding out to which I cannot otherwise answer than he answered himselfe to some of the Officers that were most inward with him which was that he was sorry the charge of the bloud of so many soules did lie on his shoulders But if he should give over that house he was perswaded the King his Master would cause to hang him seeing he had enemies about his Majestie who would make him die though innocent Therefore he resolved to die honourablie rather than his name should be brought in question and then to suffer at last Here also we see a poore Minister in his last Act giving good example not terrified with the horror of death nor crueltie of his enemies but on his knees being denied of mercy from man begs mercy of God dying as a Martyr persecuted unto Death A happie death to him being resolved with God and his Conscience to die innocently like a valiant Souldier of Christ incouraging others even in the last Act of his Calling A happie man dying in sinceritie time shall not out-live his worth he lives truely after death whose pious Actions are his pillars of remembrance for though his flesh moulder to drosse in the grave yet his happinesse is in a perpetuall growth no day but addes some graines to his heape of glory The tenth Duety discharged of our March unto Lowland leaving three Companies in Fune MY Colonell and his Officers being parted for Scotland to bring over a Recrew I being left to command the Regiment In November I received orders from his Majesty to leave three Companies in Funland and to march my selfe with the other foure Companies and the Regiment staffe unto Lowland the reason of our march was the Emperialists having by shipping crossed the Belt and taken the Isle of Feamor under their contribution Lowland the Queene Mothers dowry being next unto it and without souldiers his Majesty was afraid the enemy out of Feamor might set over with shipping destroy the land and retire againe seeing there was no fortified City within Lowland though it was the Fertilest soyle within Denmark to prevent this inconvenience I was ordained to march thither and to quarter the Companies in the most convenient parts of the land and to remaine there during his Majesties will having onely charge to watch where our Garrisons lay and the Boores were ordained to watch night and day alongst the coast at such places where the enemy might land This march though short

was tedious being in the middest of winter the wayes deepe and foule being fat clay ground the best and fertillest part in Denmark and the march was the more troublesome that we were forced in the winter ●ime to crosse the Seas over the Belt twice Marching through Langland having quartered there a night there happened an odious complaint to be made on a souldier called Mac-Myer of Monro his Company for forcing the Boores daughter where he quartered The Boore complaines to the Commissary and the Commissary to me to satisfie justice we called a Councell of warres having our Auditor with us of the Regiment Officers the businesse exactly examined according to his Majesties Articles the souldier was condemned to die and to be shot at a post to terrifie others by his example from the like hainous sinne The souldier getting time for that night to prepare himselfe for death the minister instructing him of his duety the next morning the companies drawen to Armes a Guard was directed to see the execution the souldier couragiously and Christianly resolved being tied to a post was shot dead by his camerades who without any delay executed the command laid on them by the malefactor whose Corpes was presently buried The next day having shipt we crost over unto Lowland where according to his Majesties orders we were well quartered and courteously received The Colonells company and Sr. Patrick Mac-Geys with the staffe were quartered with me in Marbo Captaine Mac-kenyee his company were quartered in Rubee and Captaine Monro his company in Necoppine where the Queene mother did remaine The tenth Observation HEre I did observe that wisdome and vertue were the best Guards of safety the one securing the soule the other the estate and body For this magnanimous and wise King by his fore-sight and wisdome did prevent the evill by a timely fore-sight which his enemies might have brought upon this Isle of Lowland being the richest part within the Kingdome for corne a Magazin and a Garner for forraine countries It abounds also in all sorts of fishes the Ponds belong to the Gentry making great commodity of their fish being sold in the Cities and country that are not Licentiat to have the like of their owne The Gentry of this land are much given to policy and oeconomy following the example of their King having great stalles and stables containing above foure hundred Oxen and their stables some threescore horses being well fed and made lusty they are sold to the Germaines which yeerely brings unto the gentility great store of money this Iland abounds in Deere and wilde soule This country is also plentifull of wood for building of ships where his Majesty every yeare hath some builded by his owne master builder a worthy gentleman begotten of Scots Ancesters called Mr. Sinclaire who speakes the Scottish tongue and is very courteous to all his countrimen which come thither The Citizens also of this Iland being very rich build ships for their owne use and some they sell unto strangers My hoste the Burgomaster of Marbo sometime furnish'd his Majesty for building of his ships to a reckoning of one hundred thousand Rex Dolors so that in a word in this little I le of Lowland I did observe vertue to be habituall in it and so was the peoples goodnesse distributive unto us and our souldiers so that during our residence there we were so welcome that all things smil'd upon us where it was my fortune one night to have gotten his Majesty to be my Ghuest having then my quarter in the Burgomasters house and though he was a King I perswade my selfe he was contented with his entertainment being both good and rare whereof truely I had a good deale but my Ghuest departed by three of the clocke in the morning without bidding me farewell yet being his Majesties will I was well pleased having sate up all night I was not for attendance in the morning which his Majesty at his departure gratiously did excuse To returne then to my observation I did see and learne here the truth of that proverbe in his Majesties person that the wise man only is the cunningst fencer no man can give a blow so soone or ward and keepe himselfe so safely as the wise man and nothing is to be placed above him but God the King of Kings and giver of wisdome To live is common to be wise and good particular and granted to a few many I see with for honour for wealth for friends for fame for pleasure I desire but those two vertue and wisdome which both I saw in this Magnanimous King and in his country people following his Majesties example We find no a m●● that the world ever had so plentifull in all things as was Solomon yet his request was but one of these two though indeed it include ●●●he other for without vertue wisdome is not or if it be it undoes us at last and to returne to my observation in my judgement it may be said of this Magnanimous King as was said of Caesar Semi-Deus est for as he is valiant so he is learned Ex utroque Rex being valiant and wise a Prince of an excellent spirit capable of all good things as I have seene and observed in him he is learned in the liberall sciences and understands well the Mathematicks and the practise of fortifications as a souldier studied in the Lawes joyning Armes with Iustice two great helpes for the governement of a Princely dignity he handles well his Armes and is expert in riding of horses a strong man for wrestling as all Europ● affords able for ●o give strokes and the levellest shooter with a peece that ever I did see for with a pistoll he never misses a dogge in the head he shoots at for experience in warfare nothing inferiour to the greatest Captaines we reade of easie to come to and very affable patient to beare with heate cold hunger and most durable in travell and if I were to wish for the personage of a man mine eyes did never see his like for a stately majesticke person whom ever I will greatly respect and love for the good received and shall be ever ready to serve him against all his enemies my Gracious Soveraigne onely excepted and his deerest Sisters Royall Issue to whom I have vowed my best service Here also in this Kingdome I did observe that there is nothing mooves subjects more to obedience then the opinion they conceive of their Princes care and diligence in the conservation of his Kingdome and subjects and experience teacheth us that the obedience due to Kings by their subjects is weake if it be not grounded on feare and respective rev●rence As authority is gotten by honourable and convenient carriage so oftimes we see it is lost by evill carriage So that all greatnesse destitute of vertue doth vanish in an instant and therefore the Poets did say that honour and reverence were the children begotten of Majestie and authority the example wherof we

have in the person of Charles called the wise who having seene France ruin'd by the former warres under his predecessors Philip and Iohn Normandie and Piccardie possessed by the English and having Edward the third to deale with the best and happiest King ever England had who defeated the French in two Battells This Prince resolved to keepe the rest finding it to be as good to governe by counsell as by force of Armes he did nothing rashly nor unfore-seene but his designs were all well premeditated and digested making choice of men wise valiant and knowing how to command in warres Edward seeing his sword thus blunted and the course of his victories by the wisdome of Charles interrupted said who did ever see one out of his chamber to give a man so much adoe without Armes Thus Charles was so wise that his enemies did make no difficulty to praise him for he not onely freed his people from misery but also gathered afterward a great treasure for his sonne being called rich as he was wise and being respected of his subjects and of his enemies as this Magnanimous King of Denmark is for his prudence after his warres is as much to be commended as his valour was in preserving his subjects Throne from his enemies being redacted to a corner and his counsell served also well for the good of his subjects the estate of his Throne and for the recovery of his losses And therefore Cicero said that counsell availed for the good of the State as well as Captaines for it is oft seene in effect that by the good advice of the one the others have happily drawne and governed their swords And in another place he saith that Agamemnon Generall of Greece did never wish for ten such great Captaines as Ajax was but rather ten wise couns●llours as Nestor was which made Cicero so often to proclaime the honour due to eloquence above valour saying Cedant arma togae concedat laurea linguae but joyned together as in this Magnanimous King of Denmark they worke one to anothers hands for the establishment of his Throne which I wish so long to continue as the world Here also we may learne to eschevv vice by the punishment inflicted upon this souldier for his exorbitancy in having ravish'd a virgin of her honour he was bereft himselfe of life by Gods justice punishing man for sinne examplary to others Against this sinne of ravishing Emperours ordained pun●shment to wi● to lose their heads and their goods also to be confiscate but the law of the Ca●onists treates more meekely with ravishers suffering them to marry those whom they ravished But the Lord judgeing more severely steeping his rods in vi●iger ordaines stricter punishme●t for such malefactors To eschew therefore the committing of such villanies I will here set downe some remedies to hinder man from such vices that we may eschew the like punishment The first remedy then is to abstaine from the excesse of wine and meates not to be dru●ke with wine wherein there is dissolution The second remedy is to eschew idlenesse and too much sleeping which is enemy to travell and diligence The third to eschew the company of uncl●ane persons whose delight is in filthy communications for he that will ou●h pitch must be defiled with it Evill speeches corrupt good manners and with Wolves we learne to howle and cry Dina the daughter of Iacob desiring to see what was not convenient neither for her shamefac●tnesse nor for the respect she ought to have carried to her fathers house was ravished vi●lated and was the cause of greater evill The fourth remedy is to keepe both women and maides in a convenient modesty of a chast behaviour without which there is a doore opened to all villany and filthinesse which is able of vertue to make vice The other remedies are to live soberly and vertuously in our callings eschewing evill company and filthy communications loving rather to take paines in our callings remembring our duty we owe to God in not delighting in any uncleannesse that we may eschew the mal●diction hanging over the heads of those which continue in their filthinesse without repentance abusing the long suffering and patience of the Lord our God and Father To conclude this observation there are lawes and justice observed as well among souldiers as in other governments and the strictest justice that is with least partiality our lawes are the Kings Articles we are sworne to obey our President or Iudge he amongst us present having the command to whom his Majesty joynes as assessor to the Iudge an Auditor for doing of justice our Assisers or Iury we have not to seeke viz. a competent number of thirteene of our owne Regiment Officers Captaines Lievetenants Antients Sergeants and Corporalls till our number be full our Proforce or Gavilliger brings in the complaints and desires justice in his Majesties name to the party offended and to his Master the Kings Majesty or Generall that fuers or leades the warre and every Regiment is bound to have an executioner of their owne which if the Regiment wants the Colonell is obliged to hire another to doe the execution for paiment and sometimes as the crime and the person is respected that is to suffer he is honoured to be shot by his camerades or beheaded not suffering an executioner to come neare him Other slight punishments we enjoyne for slight faults put in execution by their Camerades as the Loupegarthe when a Souldier is stripped naked above the waste and is made to runne a furlong betwixt two hundred Souldiers ranged alike opposite to others leaving a space in the midst for the Souldier to runne through where his Camerades whip him with small rods ordained and cut for the purpose by the Gavilliger and all to keepe good order and discipline for other lesser faults there is ordained slighter punishments as Irons standing at a poast his hands bound up above his head likewise sitting on a Treen or woodden Mare in some publicke place to make him ashamed of his fault As also sometimes to stand six or seaven houres longer than ordinary at the centri● posture as I was once made to stand in my younger yeares at the Louver gate in Paris being then in the Kings Regiment of the Guards passing my prentiship for sleeping in the morning when I ought to have beene at my excercise for punishment I was made stand from eleven before noone to eight of the Clocke in the night Centry Armed with Corslet Head-piece Bracelets being Iron to the teeth in a hot Summers day till I was weary of my life which ever after made me the more strict in punishing those under my Command The eleventh Dutie discharged of our expedition by water unto the Isle of Feamer and of the in-taking of it THE twenty-second day of March 1627. his Majestie having come in person to Lowland with two thousand five hundred foote having appointed Randezvouz at Rubie I had orders to repaire with all diligence to the

honourable Accord for in such a case I would choose before I came in my enemies Reverence without Armes rather to fight to the last man and if I chanced to be the last I had rather die being resolved with resolution having Armes in my hands than unawares being unprepared to be knockt downe miserably when I looked not for Death Here I did see the Ingenier that built this Fort who in time of working did oftentimes beate the Boores to make them worke for his crueltie he was most cruelly beaten againe and he running to his Majesties feete for refuge thinking thereby to escape was on his knees crying for mercy so hard pursued by the multitude that before his Majestie he was cruelly beaten dead as the reward of his former tyranny and so would God Here also we see that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guiltie as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie being cruelly beaten by the rascall multitude which should teach all Cavaliers bearing charge at such times to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety or if for pleasure they would looke on they ought to be on their Guard lest being taken for private men they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster as this Cavalier did Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of others Here also we see that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes who are ever good servants but more often cruell Masters It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases peremptorily to see that his accord be kept which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland so we see him carefull of the keeping of it as his conquest by leaving a Governor with a Garrison in it to be his retreate in case of neede out of Holsten We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke accuses under hand the French that did enlarge their territories by Armes and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests but on the contrary did ruine themselves in the end The Emperour Augustus having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them as he travelled to winne them It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany that where he once set his foote he was conquerour there But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice that lost his owne in hope of gaine Examples we have of this at home without warres Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes Totilas King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome in his Harrangue made to his army concluded that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd then to winne it for in conquering oftimes as here the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice That custome of the Turkes is commendable that when he enters into his Chappell the bed man of the Temple going before him cries out aloud that he remember that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice is to be maintained with the like so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers and in all well governed estates For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades and for the benefit of my country I will speake somewhat at large of the fury cruelty and barbarity of the multitude mutinous and superstitious that we may avoid the evill incident thereto I will set downe here my collections on this point which occurred in my observation The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians sayes the people are ungratefull cruell barbarous envious impudent being composed of a Masse of fooles naughty deboist and desperate for all that is spoken by the wise displeases the people that are incensed And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth he answered it was the vulgar opinion for all things they praise merite blame what they thinke is but vanity what they say is but lies they condemne the good and approve the evill and magnifie but infamy And Nicholas Ha●ap Patriarch of Ierusalem in his booke of the unconstancy of the people hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search or punish the rest knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine there was nothing to follow but mischiefe where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty as witnesse here the Count of Mongomry that ranne the hazard of death being long bedred after his beating without sense or feeling And Thucydide did in his third booke speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill how much it was to be doubted in so much that the Massacre being so cruell that there was no villany left unpractised and such strange things he writes of that the Fathers did suffocate their owne children and those that were runne to the Churches for refuge were cruelly put to death who pleases may reade the story where it is set downe more at large As also to reade the late Massacres in France from the yeare 1560 to this present time especially the Massacre of the twenty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome continuing without respect of age or of sex as well against the dead as the quicke as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter humanity was so farre gone from men that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud not sparing the innocent but doing to all what the hangman doth to malefactors Therefore Quintus Curtius saith properly that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves then the tumultuous multitude hath changes especially getting liberty by a new government And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Decad saith so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves or strike like Tyrants Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie a memorable example of sedition moved in Palerne of Sicilie where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader amply described in brave termes he having seene the Tragedy himselfe where he complaines

shot over doing us no great hurt in the end our Cannon leaving shooting his Majestie sent orders to set a partie of two hundred Musketiers a-shoare we that were Officers met together in the Admirall shippe and agreed to command out the partie and having cast Lots it fell on the Dutch they suspecting the danger delayed de●iring the rest to command out alike which we refused seeing the Lot had falne upon them except his Majestie would give a second command for it thus contesting we goe together towards his Majestie to know his Majesties further resolution and we shew his Majestie of the Dutches delay on whom the Lot had falne his Majestie considering better resolved the partie should be commanded proportionally of all Nations alike and to cast Lots who should send a Captaine to command them the lot falling upon the English they command a Lievetenant that supplied the place of his Captaine in his absence the partie made ready were sent from his Majesties Ship ashoare being twelve Musketiers in every Boate with their Muskets in readinesse the enemy perceiving them coming gives a Salve of a thousand shot amongst them twice before their landing so that the halfe of them were killed yet the Lievetenant valourously led on the rest and begins the fight ashoare and continues the skirmish hot on both sides for one halfe houre till the most part of our partie were killed their powder spent and perceiving no reliefe was to come his Majestie having considered the danger the reliefe though in readinesse was stayd The Lievetenant being the last man retired with credit being thrice shot did come off and died the next night A Sergeant of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Compa●y called Mac-Clawde an old expert Souldier and a diligent sonne to Neale Mac-Clawde was killed and twenty-two Souldiers of the thirtie that I commanded out of our Regiment the rest being wounded for fault of Boates came swimming in their cloathes to his Majesties Ship and were taken in The partie thus lost the enemy begunne to thunder amongst our Fleete with two halfe Cartowes and six Sling-pieces where leaving our Anchors he was thought the best Master that had his Ship first under saile His Majesties Ship being the last was twice shot through and two Constables were shot in two in the waste Thus forced to retire with great losse we hold on our course towards the Isle of Feamer againe The thirteenth Observation IN time of this hot service no man could perceive any alteration in the majestie of this King his Royall face but rather seemed notwithstanding of his losse as it were triumphing over his enemies and comforting others most graciously said We ought not to be astonished when things happe● unto us beyond our expectation and that which was more esteemed as a God amongst the Pagans was extraordinarily changeable sometimes taking part with one and sometimes with another In a word this Magnanimous King did abate nothing of his former courage or of his gravitie So that his very enemies if they had seene him at so neere a distance as I did they could not but have humbly reverenced his Majestie for his magnificke stature higher than any ordinary man by the head yet ashamed he was to stoope for a Cannon Bullet when they flew thickest And for the accomplishment of his vertues Nature hath given him an extraordinary rich Presence to wit a face as manly as possible may be seene worthy of a great King w●ll mixt in complexion his eyes flaming and shining full of courage his beard browne his nose Aquiline or Emperiall his voice manly winning the hearts of those that see or heare him in effect A Royall King full of assurance without any feare at all in respect of man yet full of Majestie amiable to his friends and terrible to his enemies Here then we may see that it is the LORD that Guards and keepes Kings and Princes from imminent dangers that environ them whereof Histories both ancient and moderne are full of examples of the miraculous deliverance of great personages from dangers One notable Story I will bring to confirme this divine protection in saving Titus sonne to Vespasian appointed for the ruining of Ierusalem to subdue and punish the Iewes Flavius Ioseph in his sixt booke and second Chapter of the Warres of the Iewes records of him that before the siege was layd to the Towne of minde to recognize he fell unawares amongst an Ambushcade of his enemies where then it was knowne as much as ever that it is the LORD who disposeth of the moments of warre and of the life of Kings for though Titus had no head-piece nor Corslet on his backe having not gone to fight but to recognize of an infinite number of shot shot at him none touched him though many were shot behind him those darts shot aside at him he rebated them with his sword and those shot low he made his horse skip to eschew them The Iewes perceiving his resolution made great noise exhorting one another to runne at him and to follow him where ever he went A rare example of a rare deliverance where we see that he is well guarded whom the Lord keepes Here also we may see what difference there is betwixt Commanders he in Feamer shewed himselfe no Souldier neither yet the Captaine in Aickleford but this brave fellow that commanded in Keele preserved himselfe and others and that with credit where we see that where wisedome and valour doe meet oft-times the successe is answerable and a mans discretion is seene when he abides a fit occasion as this brave fellow did where I finde alwayes that those are the best Commanders that are resolute and remisse not hunting before he sees his prey and then with advantage if he would catch Here also experience deare bought did teach us that it is better in commanding men on exployts to command them proportionally out of divers Regiments than to command them all out of one which were to undoe a Regiment and we see often that the examples of the noble carriage of Officers doe much animate and encourage their followers to well-doing and it is a comely thing for the servant of the publique to teach by example which makes his fame live after death as this worthy English Cavalier did especially being in the publique view of the King his Master hi● Camerades and his enemies carrying their Characters from service as the marks of his valour without fainting though wounded to death Here also our Scottish High-land-men are prayse-worthy who for lacke of Boats made use of their vertue and courage in swimming the Seas notwithstanding of their wounds with their cloathes shewing their Masters they were not the first came off but with the last following the example of their Leader they would not stay to be Prisoners as many doe at such times and never returne I did also observe after this dayes service an alteration in the common Souldiers behaviour while as before we were to send out a partie

man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries that had misguided his rich Treasure and were the undoing of his Army where they should rather have died then wrong d their King and country and should rather have left by will and testament to their children an example of their fidelity and honesty then a rich Patrimony The Rogues the Commissaries did much differ in their love to their King and Country from that worthy gentleman of famous memory we read● of in our owne Stories called William Seaton who is worthily recorded of for his love to the publique preferring it to his owne children who being Governour of Barwicke he and his wife did choose rather to quit their owne lives and the lives of their children then to give over the place unto the English choosing rather to keepe it for the weale of the publique and for the honour of their King and Country preferring the publique-weale to their owne particular the story I neede not amplify being well knowne This Magnanimous King scorning the attempts of his enemies ceaseth not still to hazard his owne person and Crowne for the safety of his people for he trusted and confided so much in God that he knew well the Scepter was ord●ined for those that slighted it and not for those did covet i● greedily as his enemies did Here also we see that the enemies forces being drawne towards Trailesound minding that way to come unto Denmark his Majesty was diverted from his resolution and was forced to joyne with Trailesound to make a defensive warre for the safety of his Country and people for if the enemy had gotten Trailesound he had an easie way to come into Denmark wherein there were no great strengths and getting shipping Artillary and Amunition whhereof his Majesty was well provided he had then the passe open unto Britaine when he pleased But he was wisely prevented by his Majesty and his Councell God bringing things to passe according to his secret decree and not according to the will of man Here also we see that it is the duty of a Generall lying neere an enemy to know all avenues well and betimes to beset them well with diligence and good watches for if this passe at Gottenbrode had not beene timely well beset his Majesty might have fallen into the enemies hands the passage being cut off betwixt his Majesty and the ships Also in all extremities it is the duty of Commanders to encourage their inferiours otherwise the passengers may be affraid if the Skipper or steers-man gives over as Commanders do looke to their owne credits so they ought to be carefull of their followers safeties The English and our Nation are good seconds one of another being abroade for commonly they take part one with another against any o●her Nation as happened here at Grotenbrode where I did see fifty English and Scots chase above a hundred Danes with swords into the sea deeper than their waste running into the Sea for their safeties whereupon there was a complaint made unto his Majesty by the Commissary on my Camerade Captaine Chamberlaine and me for not suppressing our Souldiers insolency from abusing of the Danes Souldiers The occasion of their quarrelling was the Danes Boores being commanded out for the Kings service and for the defence of their Countrey they had fortie dayes provision with them and being well furnished with dry Beefe and Bacon while as our Souldiers did get nothing but hard Bisket and Beere they devised that one coming behinde the Danes Souldiers for taking up his knapsacke while as another should cut the strings before and then to runne away with it this Stratagem being oft practised by the English and Scots against the Danes at last the Danes resolved being stronger in the fields than they both were to fight for their Knapsackes the occasion being offered they yoake or joyne with swords and fight in the Leager and the Danes were forced to give ground and to retire within the Sea for their safeties sundry on both sides being hurt their Officers appeased the Tumult and after Captaine Chamberlaine and I though innocent of the fault were mightily chidden by his Majestie his Majestie assuring us if the like happened againe he would punish us and not our Souldiers which made us afterwards looke more narrowly to their behaviour and carriage making them live more peaceable with their Camerades in not oppressing them for it is a hard time when one Wolfe eats up another The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March from Lowland to Alzenheure and from thence to Trailesound by water THE eight of May 1628. I being at Copemanhagen soliciting for our Regiment orders were given unto me to be sent to Lowland and to Fune to make our Regiment march in all haste to Alzenheure and there to attend for their orders the orders I did direct to Captaine Mac-Kenyee commanding him to keepe good discipline in his March and strict being in his Majesties owne Land he receiving the orders breakes up the twelfth of May from Lowland and continues his March to the Randezvouz The Garrisons also in Funeland breake up the said day and continued their March towards their Randezvouz On the March through Zeland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Souldiers being quartered in a Dorpe the Boores goe to Armes to hinder their inquartering the Souldiers seeing the Boores take Armes stayd not to be led by their Officers but entered the skirmish with the Boores where at the first Salve foure of the Boores were killed dead and sundry hurt the rest flie away leaving the Dorpe to the Souldiers to be quartered in the blame of this accident was laid on the Commissary appointed for the Convoy who being absent was to answer for the wrong but the Commissary caused for revenge a Boores daughter to complaine on three Souldiers of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company alleaging they had all three forced her so that the Souldiers were apprehended conveyed in Irons to Copemanhagen to be examined there before the Generall Commissary the State-holder and me who being examined no proofe was found against them but accusations whereupon they were remitted to prison till further triall where there was an act made they should suffer no tryall except I were present Neverthelesse in my absence they were all three executed viz. Donald Rosse Iames Dumbarre and Alexander Caddell who went to death without acknowledging the fact still pleading their innocency The Lievetenant Colonell Alexander Seaton being then come from Holland was ordained

Censor that he taught young men to fight standing in one place and he used to say often that words were more powerfull to terrifie and to chase an enemy than the stroaks of the hand And the same Cato said he loved not the Souldier that did shake his hands marching that staggred with his feet in fighting snorted lowder in sleeping than he did cry coming to fight And Caesar said that in every man was seene a certaine moving and naturall readinesse and promptitude that kindled them with a desire to fight which Generalls and Commanders of Armies ought diligently to intertaine and not extinguish Wherefore it was that the Ancients before they fought caused to sound their Trumpets beate their Drummes and made their Souldiers cry hard esteeming that did encourage their Troopes and affright their enemies The Macedons also began their fighting with crying and shouting and Curtius reports that as soone as the Armies saw one another within shot of Musket the Persians began to cry furiously and the Macedons though fewer in number did so answer them that the tops of the Mountaines and Woods resounded againe to the Echo of their Cryes The like we reade in our owne Story where the Author in his ninth Booke makes mention of Henry Piercie Earle of Northumberland and Regent of England at the East being come unawares into Scotland with seven thousand men was driven away by the Boores and Herds by the helpe of Stone-Bagges as they are called to this day in our High Lands of Scotland being used by the Inhabitants to fright Wolves and to chase Deere and other Beasts from their grasings the Instrument is made of dry skinnes made round like a Globe with small stones in it that make a noise as they did neere the English Campe that their Horses brake loose through the fields where after long flying they were taken by the Boores of the Country If then we should cry at all let it be such a noise as may terrifie our enemies being strong couragious and brave Plutarch reports that the cry of Souldiers made a Raven flying in the ayre to fall downe being astonished and Titus Livius saith that when the multitude of people did imbarke that few or none were left in Italie and Sicile coming together and crying the Birds astonished fell out of the ayre and Paulus Aemilius reports the like that when the Christians besieged Tyre a Pigeon was seene in the Ayre which made the Christians raise such a noise that the Pigeon fell downe as if it had beene stricken with thunder and that they found a Letter about the necke of the Pigeon that the Sarazens had sent to the besieged shewing they should be soone relieved if they would take good courage and maintaine the Towne for certaine dayes and the Christians having men with them who understood the same language did write another Letter which they tyed to the necke of the said Pigeon and let him goe which Letter carried that the besieged had neede to looke to themselves that they had given good proofe of their valour and fidelitie and that their Fortune was not to give them hope of reliefe the passages being closed up by their enemies and the Tyrians thus deceived give over the Towne unto the Christians The like we reade practized at the siege of Harlam which made the Towne hold out long and it is certaine such Poasts are made fall downe with the noise of crying and of Cannon and Musket so that their packetts are taken from them Here also was wonderfull the losse and dammage done by Cannon especially the Morters of the enemy carrying Bullets of Stone within the Towne of three hundreth pound weight and some that carried Bullets of one hundreth and sixtie pound and in one day there were shot on the Port of Franckendore where we went out to our watch above seven hundreth and sixtie shot of Cannon the noise whereof was heard above thirtie English miles Also we reade that at the Battell of Lepanto in the yeare 1572. where the Turkes were defeated with great losse that the noise of the Cannon was heard from the place above sixtie Scottish miles But on the Sea they are heard a great deale farther as having neither hill nor wood to hinder the sound in the Ayre Here also I did observe how happie it is when Officers and Souldiers love one another refusing to undertake no danger to supply their Camerades their lives being dearer unto them than their owne which was evident by the timely reliefe which discouraged the Enemy and made them at last perceiving their owne losse to be great having effectuated little in the end to settle To speake in particular of any mans valour at this time seeing to my knowledge I perceived no defect neither in Officer nor Souldier but so farre as to my griefe I did speake of the Dutch that left their Captaine which since I confesse to be a warlike Nation being now long hardned by the custome of warres but on desperate service as this was I would wish if I had libertie to choose other seconds neither can I commend those Dutch that would not send us reliefe in our great danger for though we ought to looke to our owne houses when our neighbours are on fire yet Christian compassion ought to move us to supply the defects of our brethren but when Souldiers and Officers preferre their case with whole skinnes to the safetie of their Camerades in danger then such may be justly called simple without moderation abandoning their Camerades they lose their good name and bring their reputation and valour in question Who will not then blame such and who will not praise those th●t in extremitie contemned life and their ease to relieve their Camerades as Colonell Fretts his Lievetenant Colonell and Major did fighting against our enemies Him then I esteeme as a valiant Souldier that fights against the enemy embracing wounds for his Mistresse and that is contented to lie on the ground being weary and that makes no difference of food to serve his appetite without sawce being contented with a nod for a sleepe to such a Souldier nothing is impossible or hard to attempt and such Souldiers to command were my choice that cared not for gold nor money but for credit and Souldiers have most feare when they are best fed best clad best armed and when their purses are best furnished but when the Souldier glorieth in his povertie then doth the Armie flourish then doe they overthrow their enemies And therefore it was the saying of Demetrius to Xerxes King of Persia going to make warre in Greece that Greece did ever entertaine povertie and lodged vertue brought in by wisedome and severe discipline by which meanes their dominion remaineth unconquered so long as they were enemies to vice and were glad in their povertie as may be well spoken of our owne Nation at home that hath suffered and done so much and more for our freedomes than any Kingdome in Europe

our Officers and Souldiers to transport them for their country which accordingly was obeyed As also his Majesty did give orders to ordaine us both Officers and Souldiers free quarters in Alzenheur till the shipps were ready to saile So that we being free from our honourable Master his service we were ready to imbrace new conditions from a new Master The twenty-second and last Observation on our Danes service HEre concluding our Danes service we see that the end of warres is peace and that the end of this peace was the beginning of greater warre under a new Master Happy therefore is that man or that Regiment that can say while as they are thanked off we have served truely and with credit our last Master and then they may be assured of a second Master having wonne a good name as this Regiment did under his Majesty of Denmarke in whom the least omission could never be found much lesse to have committed any grosse errour worthy imputation And therefore we were Graciously dismissed and honestly rewarded according to the time Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the noble and worthy Earle of Traquaire being soliciting businesse at Copmanhagen contracted a feaver and died there being in his Camerades absence honourably buried by the Stathoulders direction whose death as untimely was much regrated by all his Camerades he being a valorous and expert Commander Likewise Iohn Hampeseede an old true servant to my cozen the Barron of Fowles he dying of a feaver at Angle leager was honourably buried there This Danes warre thus ended was the beginning of a greater warre as is said for the Emperour in Summer 1629. The Danes peace being made in August 1629 did send assistance of men unto the Pole against his Majesty of Sweden under the command of the Felt-marshall Arnhem which the next summer did bring the sword of the Sweden against himselfe So that we see there is nothing here on earth to be expected by us more then a continuall warfare Lord therefore make us dayly to warre in that spirituall warfare serving truely the King of Kings and Lord of hosts fighting that good fight against our spirituall enemies where he that overcomes receives for a reward instead of worldly glory an immortall Crowne of Glory in the Heavens The Colonells Observation of the Kingdome of Denmarke HAving had the honour to have dined with his Majesty at his Table then in the gorgeous pleasant Palace of Freddesborree taking leave of his Majesty having kissed his hand I retired to Alzenheur where I began to thinke that this King could have said of his whole Kingdome as Scipio said you see not a man amongst all those but if I command him he will from a Turret throw himselfe into the Sea even so this Magnanimous King to my knowledge was of absolute authority in his Kingdome as all Christian Kings ought to be in theirs ever obeyed in the Lord without asking the head a reason Why doe you command us thus For we reade that the favour of the Lord was in Iuda in giving them one heart in doing and obeying the commandements of the King and of their Magistrates and Principalls as I did cleerely observe in this Kingdome of Denmarke the goodnesse of government for the florishing of the Kingdome wher 's Totus orbis componebatur ad exemplum Regis He commanding they obeyed both lived in prosperity the Ruler or King Heroick wise noble magnanimous and worthy The Gentry Citizens and Communalty obedient which made their joy and felicity to continue in despite of their mighty foes and that by reason of his Majesties Government in military discipline who doth entertaine a great number of Officers yeerely having good allowance for commanding of Souldiers trained up in peace against warre such as Colonells Lievetenant-Colonells Majors Captaines and other inferiour Officers which are still entertained at the countries charge in exercising of Souldiers for his Majesties emploiment being alike ever ready in all Provinces for peace or warre Would to God we were so well provided in our owne country at home and then we needed not to feare any forraine enemy that are enemies to God to our King and to our Religion And for the better maintaining of warre no Kingdome or King I know is better provided of a Magazin then this magnanimous King for Armes brasse ordnance whereof every yeere his Majesty doth cast above a hundred peeces being sufficiently provided of Amunition and of all sorts of fiery Engines to be used by Sea or Land together with Armour sufficient for to arme a great Armie of Horse His Majestie is also sufficiently well provided of shipping and yearely doth adde to the number which ships are built by two worthy Scottish-men called Mr. Balsoure and Mr. Sinclaire being both well accounted off by his Majestie who in like manner hath a Reprobane at Copmanhagen for making of Cords and Cables for his shipping and Kingdome where I was informed that in twenty foure houres time they were able to furnish the greatest ship the King had of Cables and of all other tackling and cordage necessary to set out the Ship Likewise by his Majesties Artizens within the Kingdome all sort of stuffes and silkes are woven sufficient to serve the Kingdome and his neighbours that please to buy Moreover this Kingdome is worthy commendation for the order of Iustice and Lawes having their Law-books deciding all controversies amongst them and if it come to any great difference the Kings Majestie as being above the Law sits in judgement as the Interpreter and Director of Iustice and according to his Princely dignity mitigates as pleaseth his Majestie the law and decides the controversie This Kingdome also is praise-worthy for the purity of their Gentry being as ancient and noble as any other Kingdome and can bragge of a purer and cleerer bloud of Gentility then many Nations can for they never ally or enter into marriage with any inferiour to themselves be they never so rich if they be Burgars or Plebeians they never marry with them and if one of their daughters will through love miscarry in her affection to marry a Citizen they will not thereafter doe so much as to honour her with their company but on the contrary shee loseth both her portion and honour not suffering her to carry the armes of her familie Moreover this Nation is praise-worthy for their entertaining of learning and of the liberall Sciences professed in their owne Vniversities where their children are well taught and trained up after a noble and heroick manner within their owne Kingdome not onely in their Studies of the liberall Sciences but also in their exercise of body as fencing dancing singing playing of Instruments and riding of horses and what else are noble Recreations as learning of forraine languages Spanish Italian French Dutch and such like and afterwards their youth being well travell'd returning from their Travells they attend on the Chancellarie as under-Secretaries to States-men to enable them to be profitable

were both broken and they being feeble fellowes they lost courage thus under the mercy of the raging Seas and waves going higher then the Mastes over the ship sides wee patiently attended the Lords mercy with prayers till One of the clocke the next day during which time I forced the Mariners and Souldiers that could best worke having cut the Masts and the ends of the Crosse yards with Deales and the Deckes of the ship to make a float● being made it was tyed to the ship within with Towes hanging at it which the waves could carry ashoare the floate thus ready with strength of men was let downe by the Ships side whereon foure of the most couragious Souldiers did adventure to goe some Boores a shoare having got hold of the Towes that were bound to the Floate with the helpe of the waves drawe the Float ashoare and being drawne backe to the ship wee did continue in this manner ferrying out our souldiers till at last the most part were landed who being landed sought along the Coast and finding a Boate did bring it with Horses on a Waggon whereof wee made use in landing the rest of our souldiers whereof I remayned the last till I saw our Armes landed But our Amunition and Baggage being lost we were in a pitifull feare being neere unto our Enemies and above Twenty Dutch miles from his Majesties Army b●ing without fixe Armes and lacking Amunition wee had nothing to defend us but Swords and Pikes and some wet Muskets the enemy being neere our resolution behoved to be short where having learned of the Boores how neere the Enemy was unto us I suffered none to goe from us lest we might be discovered to our enemies After advisement I sent Captaine Bullion with a Guide to the Captaine of the Castle of Rougenvalde belonging to the Duke of Pomerne offering if hee would furnish us some fixe Muske●s with some dry Amunition and Bullets wee would cut off the Enemy that lay in the Town and defend Town and Castle from the enemy for his Majesty till such time as his majesty might relieve us the proposition so pleased the Captaine that hee gave way to my suite and withall hee for feare of such suspition goes unto the Countrey having sent a Gentleman with Amunition to me to convey me a secret way unto the Castle where I should receive Fifty muskets my Captaine retiring to me with the Gentleman and Amunition I marched till I came safe to the Castle and then from the Castle falling on the Towne with commanded Musketiers under the command of Captaine Bullion I stayed my selfe with the reserve my folkes entering the Towne the Enemy a lost drew to Armes thus service begun my partie being strongest some of the enemy shot the rest got quarters and mercy our Watch duely set the Keyes of the Towne and Castle being delivered unto me my greatest care was then how to put our selves in safety against our Enemies being at Colberge within seven miles of us I begun to learne from those on the Castle what p●sses did lye betwixt us and Colberge I was told of a little River did lye two miles from us which was not passable but at one Bridge where I went to Recognosce and finding it was so I caused them to breake off the Bridge where I did appoint a company of Boores with Armes and Horses by them to watch the passe and if in case the enemy should pursue them they had Orders from me to defend the passe so long as they could commanding them also at the first sight of the Enemy to advertise me wherby they might be supplyed and I put on my Guard Being retyred from the passe immediately I did send a Boore on Horsebacke in the night to acquaint his Majesty of Sweden the Army then ●ying at Statine twenty Dutch miles from us with the manner of our hard landing and of our happy successe after landing as likewise disiring to know his Majesties will how I should behave my selfe in those Quarters the Enemy being strong and I very weake his Majesty returned for resolution unto me that I should doe my best to fortifie and beset the passes that were betwixt me and the Enemy and to keepe good watch and good order over the Soldiers and not to suffer them to wrong the Country people whom I should presse to keepe for my Friends This Order being come I begun with the Country Boores first to fortifie the Passages without me and next to make Skonces and Redoubts without the Towne as also to repaire the Fortifications about the Castle and in cleansing of the Mote that it might be deeper of water the other parts also without me I brought under Contribution to his Majestie by sending parties of D●agoniers athwart the Country in Hinder Pomerne betwixt me and Dantsicke being twenty Dutch mile in length which all in short time I did bring under contribution to his Majesty As also the Enemy having had a Magazin of Corne at Rougenvalde and Stolpe by our landing here was made good for his Majesties use and his Army Being thus busied for a few dayes another ship of the same Fleet being long beaten with the tempest at Sea at last was forced for sc●rc●ty of victu●ls to Anker on the same Coast being foure hundred men of Colonel Fretz Rosse his Regiment of Dutch his Lieutenant Colonell called Tisme Howsne did come ashore intreating me to supply him with victuals which I did In the meane time he asked my advice if he might land his Soldiers there I told ●im I had no counsell to give him seeing there was no necessity of 〈◊〉 landing and which was more his Orders were to land at another part so that he had to advise whether he should follow his Orders or for second respects if hee might neglect his Orders so that on all hasards he l●nded his people also which were quartered with me in the Towne Shortly after he would contest with me for command which bred a coldnesse betwixt us Whereupon I again advertised his Majestie of our difference desiring his Majesty might dispose of the Command his Majesty offended with the other did send an absolute warrant unto me to command him and the whole Garrison at my pleasure for the well of his Majesties service during our being there where we remained nine weekes fighting and skirmishing with the enemie till Sir Iohn Hepburne with his Regiment was sent by his Excellence the Rex Chancellor from Spruce to relieve us The First Observation HAving thus by the providence of God happily landed againe on the faire fertill and spacious Continent of Dutchland with a handfull of old experimented Soldiers able to endure all misery toile or travell being valourous to undertake any perill or danger they were to be commanded upon being led by such a Generall as GUSTAVUS the Invincible their new Master was under whose command and conduct as their supreame Leader and me as his Majesties and my Colonels inferiour Officer they

our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute ●ix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in ●ase of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was s●ene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Stati● to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Capraine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Post●s which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Stati● where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Caval●ere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee ●eeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Maiesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir

much on the wisedome discretion and valour of Generall Major Kniphowsen as that of himselfe he was sufficiently able to make an honourable Accord when better could not be And in the meane time to divert the enemy from him his Majestie did make a Carracole with the halfe of his Army towards Swede on the River of the Oder where he built a ship-bridge over the River and caused to fortifie it with Skonces that in his option he might come and goe on both sides of the River till Feltmarshall Horne might joyne with him Generall Tilly hearing the King was marched and fearing some great designe he pressed Brandenburg so much the harder with continuall shooting of Cannon till a Breach was made and then out of time Kniphowsen did send his Lievetenant Colonell with a Drummer to the breach to desire a Parle but being neglected by the enemy as too late The Parle refused Lievetenant Colonell was killed the enemy having given Orders for a generall storme which going on Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey and Captaine Moncreiffe were both killed and Lievetenant Keith and Ensigne Haddon were also cut downe in the fury with many a brave Souldier besides who being denied Quarters fought valiantly to the last man The other Scots Officers of the Regiment being within the Towne as Captaine Ennis Captaine Gunne Captaine Beaton and Captaine Lermond with their Officers and Souldiers were for the most part taken prisoners with Lievetenant Lyell and some other inferiour Officers Captaine Ennis being on another Poast without the Port which was not stormed at all the enemy having entred on the other side of the Towne where in the fury they did put the most part to the sword and coming through the Towne Port upon Ennis his Poast behinde him he and Lievetenant Lumsdell did leape into the Graffe and saved themselves through a marrish from the fury of their enemies and came to us to Freedland Brandenburg thus taken in a partie was sent towards Trepto where Sinclaire did command getting orders to take it in also But Sinclaire did behave himselfe valiantly in falling out upon the enemy who retired againe without great hurt and maintained the Towne for two nights till he had received Orders from the Feltmarshall to quit it in the night And after that he did joyne with us at Freedland The Feltmarshall knowing that Brandenburg being taken the enemies Forces would march upon him and he having Orders and instructions in writing from his Majestie he retired with his Army over the passe towards Aucklam the enemy advanced to Freedland finding us to be gone they retired in hafte backe to Brandenburg and from thence they march backe againe to Rapine suspecting his Majestie had marched before them towards Magdeburg Tillies Army being marched we retired to Freedland from whence Ensigne Greame with some Dragoniers was sent to Brandenburg to take Order for the hurt and sicke whom Generall Tilly had left behinde him which were plondered and some others killed by the Ensigne and his Souldiers who had also runne the same hazard by the enemy his Crabatts had they not retired in time after whose returne my Musketiers being come from Malchene we were readie to march The sixth Observation THE crueltie and inhumanitie used here by Tillies Armie giving so ill quarters to our Nation to Burgers and to those that served at the Altar was not long unpunished at such places as they least expected And Generall Major Kniphowsen was not voide of blame for refusing a Treatie in due time seeing he had no certaintie of reliefe and being l●ft to capitulate with the enemy at his owne discretion by his instructions he had from his Majestie he ought to have embraced the opportunitie of time which once past is not to be recovered in capitulating with the enemy for honourable Quarters rather than to have brought himselfe and others to the slaughter for he who delayes to embrace time when it is offered must not presse to recover it and oft-times good occasions in warfare are lost when Commanders are ignorant of their enemies doings Therefore while time is we ought to be diligent and carefull for it is better to be in safetie through preventing than basely to suffer under our enemies occasion being past which oft-times in warres helpes more than vertue it selfe for if Kniphowsen had embraced Tillies offer when he might our worthy Camerades had not suffered as they did which sufferance after that made Cavaliers b●ing freed out of prison to seeke Conditions else-where for their adv●ncements such as Captaine Ennis being first made Major to Colonell Monro of Obstell was afterward Lievetenant Colonell to the Master of Forbesse after the death of that worthy Cavalier Sir Arthur Forbesse Likewise Captaine William Gunne being com● out of prison was after advanced by Sir Patrick Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Olme to be his Lievetenant Colonell over the Dutch in Schwabeland Captaine Beaton was made Major and afterward Lievetenant Colonell to young Colonell Skeutte Captaine Lermond also was advanced to be Captaine of Dragoniers and Iames Lyel h●ving served long under Sir Iohn Ruthven his Regiment the Regiment reduced and the Captaine leavying againe for the French service was pittifully murthered by knaves in Westphalia Henry Lindesey advanced to be Captaine of his Majesties Leeffe Regiment under Grave Neles after for reward of his vertue and valour was preferred to be Lievetenant Colonell to Colonell Alexander Lesly the younger Captaine Brumfield was made Major to Colonell Gunne and after that Regiment was reduced being under Sir Iohn Ruthven was pittifully hurt in Combate and then resolutely died of his wounds at Bucksteehood being much lamented by all that knew him for as valourous and expert an Officer as any of his qualitie was under our Armie so that we see here that though the Regiment suffered great losse at Brandenburg neverthelesse the valiant Officers were advanced according to their former good carriage Likewise I cannot with silence here passe by the valourous carriage of Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto in making a faire shew of a bad game while as the enemy came before Trepto with a partie of a thousand Musketiers he not having a hundred Musketiers within the Towne in all neverthelesse fell out with fiftie amongst a thousand and skirmished bravely and orderly with the enemy and retired againe with credit making the enemy thinke that he was a great deale stronger within walles I confesse as it was well ventured so the Cavalier was beholden to Fortune in coming so safely backe But I will not advise my friend to make use of the like for if the enemy had haply got a prisoner of his who could have shewed his true strength that might have caused the losse of all But the Cavalier did hazard faire to gaine credit for as he was valourous in Conduct and amongst others even so being singled out he feared no man as you shall see in the subsequent observations before we end our march Here also I

him die contracted such griefe for his death that she threw herselfe into the grave with her husband where she died and lay with him This wish I hope cannot be taken in ill part by the vertuous Ladies that are like Cornelia but I feare there is none such at all To conclude then this point of my observation in my judgment no women are more faithfull more chast more loving more obedient nor more devout then Souldiers wives as daily experience doth witnesse and none have more reason to be so then some of them whose husbands doe daily undergoe all dangers of body for their sakes not fearing death it selfe to ●elieve and keepe them from dangers To th' end you may see that the noble parts and vertues before mentioned are not proper alone unto the Feminine sex I will here inferre some notable examples of the good will love and faithfullnesse of husbands to their wives especially Souldiers whereof amongst many for the present I will to content the Reader mention two or three that are notable whereof one happened at this time in our warfare worthy to be recorded of that noble valorous pious and worthy Cavalier the Felt-marshall Gustave Horne the Peste having entred his lodging and taken away two of his Children seazed on his vertuous Lady daughter to the Chancellor of Sweden the Cavaliers love was so great that in the extremity of her sicknesse he never suffered her to be out of his armes till she died and then caused her to be put in a Silver Coffin that she might be transported for her country to be buried amongst her friends and his love was so great unto her that after her death though a young man he could never be moved to leade his life with any other woman Another example we reade in the story written by Pli●ie Valerius Maximus that is very notable to this purpose Sempronius Gracchus finding two serpents coming out of his bed enquired of Theologues what might that accident presage they answered that if he killed the she serpent his wife should die and if he killed the he serpent he should die himselfe he loved his wife Cornelia so dearely that he commanded to kill the he serpent and shortly after he himselfe died Also that which we reade of Meleager sonne to Danneus is notable who would not rise out of his chaire for the reliefe of the Towne he was in for his father mother brethren or sisters all crying and calling for his helpe who nothing cared for their ruine but how soone Cleopatra his wife came to him desiring his helpe and telling him the enemy was alreadie entred the Towne and was setting the houses on fire this stony-hearted man who before could be moved by nothing at the desire of his wife went to Armes against the enemy and repulsing them backe saved the Towne from wracke and ruine and the Citizens from death for this Meleager as all honest men ought to doe esteemed his wife and himselfe but one so that he could deny her nothing Here it may be some will alleage he was Iohn Thomsons man I answer it was all one if shee was good for all stories esteeme them happie that can live together man and wife without contention strife or jarres and so doe I. And in my opinion no wife can be ill that wants the gall for the gall in the body is the seate of choler from which the love of man and wife should be free and as of gall so of despite of anger and of bitternesse The eight Dutie discharged of our March to Francford on the Oder and the intaking of it the third of Aprill 1631. THE twenty-fourth of March 1631. his Majestie having disposed of his Armie in putting them in good Order of Briggaddes horse and foote through he severall occasions and accidents happening in warre his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford where under the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Schonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and

I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast ●p a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of bo●h Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having lo●t in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof six were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for taki●g in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperia'l Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being r●moved to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in consideration of the situation of the place being on the one side fortified by nature yet beyond nature and probabilitie of reason This strong Garrison was forced to yeeld to Gustavus who was Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather their Master as we see by his frequent Victories obtained against his enemies who though strongest are made to submit to the weakest partie where we may see that as industry is fruitfull so there is a kinde of a good Angell as it were waiting ever upon diligence carrying a Lawrell in his hand to crowne her And therefore it was that they said of old that Fortune should not be prayd unto but with hands in motion which made this valiant King love ever to be busied in vertues exercise befitting a Generall that carried a minde as this Invincible King did while he lived still rising to blessednesse and contentation It is commonly seene that those who feare least are commonly overcome as became of Francford on the Oder and this Towne also and though victory we see be from God yet to overcome an enemy the courage and skill of Commanders is very requisit and necessary And where good military discipline is observed as was done here there confidence doth arise perswading us we can doe what we please Of this opi●ion was our Leader and our Armie never doubted of their owne valour nor of their Leaders good Conduct which made our Victories the easier to be gotten Here also we see the goodnesse of intelligence for had his Majestie not gotten the Black-smith or some other like unto him to have beene intelligencer and guide to winne through the shallow Trinkets he led us to the Damme upon the head of their Watch who were surprized hardly could we have overcome this Towne on such a sudden for without this good of intelligence which is so necessary and of so great a moment in warres nothing or very little can be effectuated in unknowne places For good Intelligencers are so requisit in an Armie that no meanes ought to be spared on them providing they be trustie for one designe or secret of our enemies well knowne may bring all the rest we desire to a wished end or at least preserve us and ours from danger This Black-smith that was our guide in leading us towards our enemy at our first on-going on service the enemy playing hard with Muskets neverthelesse he went on without feare under-taking alike danger with our selves but finding in time of hot service some falling besides him our powder being a little wet and not giving so good report as the enemies did he then said he would returne to his Majestie and send us better powder yet I thinke though here there did appeare some lacke of constant resolution in him that time exercise and frequency of danger would make him a brave fellow being of a strong and a good able body but in my opinion the stoutest of men till they be a little acquainted with the furious noise of the Cannon will naturally feare and stoope at the first Likewise his Majestie was to be commended for his diligence by night and by day in setting forwards his workes for he was ever out of

prisoners to Sweden and the Duke should follow Incontinent the treaty begun the Duke getting short time to resolve was forced to end with his Majesty and to joyne in confederacie with him offensive and defensive against the Emperour and that without the Saxons consent and in the treaty it was concluded the Duke should give a great supply of men monies and Artillery to his Majesty for the advanceing of the warres besides the ordinary inquartering of his Majesties Army and the paiments of the monethly contribution out of the Dukes lands was also agreed upon and Commissioners were appointed for the ingathering of the first tearmes contribution during which collection his Majesties Army was laid in quarters to refresh them till his Majesty should retire from Statin being gone thither to give presence to the Russian Ambassadour and his Majesty being returned from Statin the twenty ninth of Iune he quartered in my quarters in Barnow where we had orders given us to be in readinesse to march to old Brandenburg on the first of Iuly The tenth Observation HIS Majesty could never be assured of the Princes friendship till first he had forced their enemies to give ground being made to leave behind them Pomeren Maclenburg and the three markes of Brandenburg without any Emperiall Garrison except one was left in Gripswald but so soone as the Duke of Brandenburg did see the enemy retiring and his Majesty prevailing he then begun to enter in treaty and to give his Majesty assurance of his loyall friendship by subscribing of certaine Articles condescended upon betwixt them at Barleene in Iune 1631. On this march though short we had many variable resolutions and changes which were caused by the changable accidents happening in the course of this warre which made his Majesties resolutions to vary as the time changed sometimes through feare of his strong enemy sometimes by suspecting the Princes who were also affrighted and feared being astonished in their mindes they were not able to discerne what was most profitable for them so that their doubting and feare suffered them not to hazard any notable thing in assisting his Majesty against their common enemy but still lingred to joyne with his Majesty expecting the enemy would prevaile and then they would joyne with the Master of the fields as ordinarily is done over all Dutchland in all degrees from the highest to the lowest they wagge as the bush doth resolving ever to quit their best friends in adversity Here we see the inconstancy of the Dukes friendship that will not be friends as well in adversity as in prosperity for when fortune favours us all the world would seme to laugh on us but when we are but once kik't in the heele with any malignant chance of misfortune then our supposed friends fly from us at a farre distance while they see us like to be tossed by the Tempest of adversity But as soone as they see the Tempest over-past and fortune beginning to smile on us againe then begin they as the Princes did to returne and to desire to be made partakers of our good fortunes though they had no minde to taste of the bitter cup of his Majesties adversity but once seeing the sweete commodity of the peace which they their country and subjects did reape by his Majesties valour with the hazard of his person and the lives of many Cavaliers who followed him then their enemies being farre removed from them they desire his Majesty for their Admirall to attend when he makes saile having seene he did valiantly ride out the storme promising againe when his sailes were full to bide by him and to follow him till death should sunder them But if they had bin generously minded they had imbraced the danger and taken part with his Majesty when honour was to be got in the middest of greatest danger since common danger doth conjoyne the coldest friends to goe together against their common enemies Likewise here we may see and observe a Royall King most loyall in keeping his Princely Parole and promise to the Duke his brother in rendring backe Spandaw though to his disadvantage keeping his covenant albeit he should lose thereby teaching by his owne example all Cavaliers to keepe their word though given to their enemies For his Majesty knew well that nothing was to be thought more unworthy in a Prince or common-weale then to breake word or promise for of all vertues in a Prince truth is the chiefest which once being lost returnes not againe His Majesty taking to heart that the Duke had so peremptorily sought the restitution of this strength his Majesty being free of his word and his Garrison march't forth he incontinent marched to Berlin and got both the Duke and the City into his power in interchange of the Castle of Spandaw which then his Majesty knew how to get againe as he did shortly after Where we may see there is no Oratory of such force to gaine both men and women as a strong well conducted Army as this was Here also we may see what evill oftimes doth happen by cunctation or delayes as doth witnesse the overthrow and ruine of Madeburg the Citizens whereof in their prosperity would ●ot suffer a Souldier to enter into their houses but made them build Huts and Tents along the wall which wall for their pride was alike brought low with the ground where before their death for their pride they were punished with fire and sword so that they having disdained Souldiers they were by the enemies Souldiers justly rewarded being denied of mercy in their greatest extremity and the houses they so much esteemed of cannot this day be seene what for houses they were and his Majesty his wisdome is commendable who seing Madeburg lost the enemy strong the Dukes wavering contrary to his minde and custome his Majesty retired with his Army backe to Spandaw and from thence to Berlin making himselfe sure of the one though not of the other leaping the Dike where he found it weakest and missing to catch a goose he thought it sure to catch the goselings though he was his good brother he did looke to his owne standing fearing Generall Tillie and the Saxon might joyne together not being farre different in conditions to make his retreat sure his Majesty did beset Spandaw againe with a Swedens Garrison At this time a great number of Hamburgh marchants amongst which were some English going by the Army with great packes were seized upon and their goods taken from them whereof his Majesty being made foreseene orders were given that the whole packs under paine of death should be brought to his Majesty as they were our Army being very hungry and almost brought to discontent for lacke of monies his Majesty in a faire way was content to restore the Hamburgers goods providing the marchants amongst them would advance upon Band and surety to his Majesty two hundred thousand Dolers to give some contentment to his hungry Army which the Marchants condescended unto

advanced the mony wherof the English advanced no part Neverthelesse they had favor shewed unto thē in the restitution of their goods by the request of the Cavaliers who interceeded for them to his Majesty their country-men both Scots English This kinde of favour showne to Marchants by Souldiers occurres not often for sometimes the Souldiers the worst sort of them measured the packes belonging to the Marchants with the long ell and if this sort of dealing should but only happen to the churlish Marchant it were the lesse to be regarded but honest Souldiers should be ever honest in their dealings towards the rancke Merchants that have worth and discretion to respect Cavaliers being in neede and common Souldiers also as I have knowne by experience some worthy English Marchants to have done worthily in relieving the necessities of the common Souldiers of their country-men and therefore in my esteeme of all Nations for their charity they doe best merit the name of gentlemen Marchants We see also here that notwithstanding of the termes his Majesty did stand unto with the Duke of Saxon and with Tillie who might have come to have made a visit in Brandenburg his lands where our Army were laid in quarters Neverthelesse his Majesty was not afraid to leave his Army and to returne to Statin to give presence to the Russian Ambassadour and to dispatch him being alike ready to Governe the affaires of the state as he was to fight against his enemies he staied not long but having recollected his forces that were come from Sweden Spruce and Scotland giving them orders to march to old Brandenburg his Majesty getting intelligence Tillie was gone from Hessen he then begun to make the best use of the time The eleventh Duty discharged of our March to old Brandenburg THE first of Iuly the Swedens of Axellily his Regiment that lay in Barnoe and we did breake up having got orders to march to old Brandenburg being appointed then for the Generall Randevouz of our Army to come together at This Barnoe is a Towne in the Marke of Brandenburg renowned of old for brewing of good beere which during our residence there with the Swedes we did merrily try till that we had both quarrelling and swaggering amongst our selves who before our departure againe were made good friends reserving our enmity till we saw our common enemy and so we marched together following our orders towards old Brandenburg taking but easie marches being without feare of an enemy and being tied to no particular diet we tooke quarters where we found the best entertainment to be either in Dorpe or Towne Notwithstanding our easie march and good quarters there were some under both the Regiments unworthy the name of good Souldiers who in their march leaving their Colours and staying behinde did plunder and oppresse the Boores for remedy whereof the Souldiers being complained on accused and convicted they were made for punishment to suffer Gatlop where they were well whip't for their insolency Likewise on this march some of our Souldiers in their rancks their Colours flying did beate one another for which over-sight I did cashiere a Sergeant after I had cut him over the head for suffering such abuse to have beene done in his presence where such insurrection amongst Souldiers being in their armes might have brought the whole Regiment into factions where I alone was too weake for all my authority to command them asunder And therefore such faults ought ever to be suppressed at first and to be stilled by any Officer that chanceth to be neerest him who did give the first evill example Having marched three dayes the fourth we arrived at Brandenburg the Pest raging in extremity of the heate in the City we were commanded to quarter without in the fields and presently there was a certaine quantity of the workes about the Leaguer appointed for us within foure dayes to complete and make ready during which time Robert Monro Furer to Captaine Hector his Colours died of the Pest and was much regrated being a youth of good hopes Here also did dye of the plague Segeant Robert Monro Cull●crags sonne and Andrew Monro was executed at Statin for having contrary to his Majesties Articles and discipline of warre beaten a Burger in the night within his owne house for whose life there was much solicitation made by the Dutchesse of Pomeren and sundry noble Ladies but all in vaine yet to be lamented since divers times before he had given proofe of his valour especially at the siege of Trailesound in his Majesties service of Denmarke where he was made lame of the left arme who being young was well bred by his Parents at home and abroad in France though it was his misfortune to have suffered an examplary death for such an over-sight committed through sudden passion being Summum jus in respect that the party had forgiven the fault but the Governour being a churlish Swede would not remit the satisfaction due to his Majesty and justice The eleventh Observation THIS Regiment in nine yeeres time under his Majesty of Denmarke and in Dutch-land had ever good lucke to get good quarters where they did get much good wine and great quantity of good beere beginning first with Hamburg beere in Holsten and after that in Denmarke they had plenty of Rustocke beere and now at Barnoe and thereafter they tasted the good Calvinists beere at Serbest and our march continuing out of low Germany towards the upper Circles of the Empire as in Franconia Swabland Elsas and the Pultz they were oft merry with the fruits and juice of the best berries that grew in those Circles for to my knowledge they never suffered either penury or want I being the Leader but oftimes I did complaine and grieve at their plenty seeing they were better to be commanded when they dranke water then when they got too much beere or wine But my choice of all beeres is Serbester beere being the wholsomost for the body and cleerest from all filth or barme as their Religion is best for the soule and cleerest from the dregs of superstition Being once at dinner with the Rex Chancellor of Sweden having drunke good Seebester beere he asked me what I thought of that beere I answered it pleased my taste well he replied merrily no wonder it taste well to your palat being it is the good beere of your ill religion I asked his Excellence how the good wine on the Rhine would taste at Mentz being the good wine of a worse religion he answered he liked the wine and the beere better than both the Religions But I said to be his Excellence neighbour neare Mentz in the Paltz at Crewtsenach I would be content to keepe mine owne Religion and to drinke good Rhinish wine for my life time Nothing is more necessary on a march then to keepe good discipline without which there is no order nor feare of God amongst Officers that will suffer their Souldiers to grinde the faces of the poore by

oppression from whence oftimes doth come the unfortunat and unhappy events of warlike enterprises and expeditions for where the feare of God is taken away there the common-weale must needes decay and then the ruine of the people doth follow Likewise we see here that all that come to the warres as many foolish men doe thinke are not killed but some die through one kinde of death and some by another so that we ought ever be prepared and ready not knowing how when or where to die Happy then is that man that is prepared to die as if he should die to morrow for many have I seene rise well in the morning the time of these warres who went not to bed at night Our care then should be still to meditate on the end that it may be good and then doubtlesse we shall die well The infection being great at this time in Brandenburg I contracted a sodaine fit of sicknesse that was vehement and therefore did not continue above forty eight houres It was so vehement that if I had not suddenly overcome it doubtlesse it had overcome me but praised be God then I banished death by imagination as I did divers times before yet at last I know he will have about with me but my confidence is that by the helpe of the Conqueror I will overcome him in th' end as my Captaine and Leader hath done who is gone before me and opened a Dore to me to enter at where I may sing Triumphing over my enemies with those that follow the Lambe in the Communion of the Saints blessed for ever The twelfth Duty discharged of our March from Brandenburg over the Elve at Tangermound and from thence to Werben IN the middest of Iuly our Army did breake up from Brandenburg and marched towards Ratenough the Emperialists having left it being marched towards Tangermound his Majesty advanced with the commanded Musketiers and a strong party of horse who having set through the River of the Elve they surprized the enemy at Werben where a Lievetenant Colonell was taken prisoner and then after Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in by surprize also Tangermound before his Majesty was come with the party and being come immediatly he caused to set over the River a ship-bridge which was fortified before the entry over which our foote Army did passe and our horse with the Cannon Amunition and baggage did wade through the River where never one was seene to passe with Cannon before so that without impediment our Cannon and baggage for the most part came safely through but those waggons that were lightest being loaden with Boores trash as it came lightly so it went lightly with the streame Et meritò The Emperialists at Carleben hearing we had crossed the Elve tooke them to their flight to provide betimes for their winter quarters Wolmerstat also was taken by a weake party of our horsemen having heard our Army had crossed the River of the Elve such a feare came among them that they never looked behinde them but still fled directing Poast upon Poast to Generall Tillie to retire backe from During being minded unto Hessen who receiving newes of his Majesties crossing the Elve he turning faces about with his whole Army continued his expedition backward to finde us at Werben before we could be intrenched as he thought But where he did but march with his Army in the day time we with spad●s and shovells wrought our selves night and day in the ground so that before his coming we had put our selves out of danger of his Cannon Generall Bannier with the rest of our Army coming after us tooke in Hagleberg in his way and beset it with a strong Garrison where Generall Major Kagg did command to whom was conjoyned my cozen Fowles his Regiment after he had taken the Castle of Bloe in Macleburgh in his march with his owne Regiment alone where they made good booty but their Souldiers got but sleight quarters as Bannier did give at the intaking of this Towne and Castle of Hagleberg The twelfth Observation AT this time I did remarke the great wonderfull rare and extraordinary mercy of God towards our Leader the Kings Majesty and his Royall little Army which before our removing from old Brandenburg was much infected with the plague of Pestilence so that we knew not the sicke from the whole for of our Regiment alone there died in one weeke above thirty Souldiers and being but removed six dayes at our downe-lying at Werben we scarce knew there was any infection amongst us so that in a moneths time we were miraculously rid of it and for mine owne part I neither know nor can conjecture any reason for it cheifely being in the dogge dayes and in a Leaguor but the Lords mercy towards his Majesty and his Army being at this time farre inferiour in strength to our enemies Many examples and testimonies of Gods favour towards his Majesty I did observe on this march for such ter●or was put in their hearts by his Majesties victory obtained at Francford and Lansberg that they fled where once they did heare of our coming being perswaded and informed by their consciences that if his Majesty were victorious they should get no better quarters th●n were given by them at Madeburg which made them quit strong G●rrisons before they would attend or abide the danger Wherefore we may pl●inly conclude that they doe not merit the name of Souldiers nor yet the title of couragious Cōmanders that did succumbe before they saw or felt the dinte of their enemies valour Fie then on such Commanders If they were of my friends I would allow them a Pinne higher on the Gallowes then is allowed for common offences for such Cullions that quit places for feare not seeing their enemies are unworthy the name of Souldiers but I thinke they were too rich and consequently they grew too fe●ble Likewise here I did rejoyce and was glad when I did observe that it is not nor was not peculiar to any still to have overcome or to be victorious the Emperialists I know by experience and so did the Regiment I commanded had their time of the victory against the King of Denmarke where I did learne to make a retreate but now being come under another Leader there Fortune began to change and to retire from us we learning under the invincible Gustavus to advance orderly never falling off but ever keeping faces to our enemy a brave lesson learned from a brave Commander So that we see here victory keepes no constant dwelling being now here now there yet we see that it is best kept with counsell and vertue neither can I thinke but fortune and chance hath a great hand in it for it is a greater matter to use victory well then to overcome and all victors have an insatiable desire of their prosperous fortune never appointing an end to their desires And nothing brings victory more next unto God then good Commanders whereof King Gustavus the

would be allowed of by a King but according to event But his Majestie perceiving their intentions he resolved to abid● the enemies coming what ever might follow and instantly he gave all Officers and Commanders of Briggads charge to see their workes accomplished and finished for if the enemy would stay but three dayes he would be no more afraid of him than if he were in the strongest Island could be imagined being he was assured GOD would fight for him and with him and besides he knew he had as good Commanders and Souldiers of horse and foote as Tilly was able to bring against him and which was more he could get his Armie longer and better entertained than Tilly could get seeing he had the Country to enemy which was his Majesties friend This resolution being taken his Majestie went to visit the Leaguer being accompanied with the Marquesse of Hamilton come then from Britaine with an Armie of six thousand foote as complete as could be desired to be seene for personages of men in complete Armes being well araide and furnished of Artillery and of all things fitting for the adorning of an Armie his Majestie being exceeding glad of such a timely supply he did most heartily welcome the Marquesse by entertaining him with gracefull countenance and respect in giving him such entertainement as the time could affoord and in the interim his Majestie went along with his Exc●llence to let him see the fortifications and preparations he had made against Tillies comming which being so neare made his Majestie after some considerable discourses had with the Marquesse concerning his Armie wherein his Majestie declared he was sorry the Marquesse with his Armie were arrived in such parts of the Country that was ruined and not able to entertaine his Excellence and his Armie with bread much lesse to be furnished with necessaries convenient for them or with such as his Majestie would willingly bestow on them if the Country or his power were able to furnish it Other private discourses they had together concerning the service that the Marquesse with his Armie was to be imployed on And his Excellence having received his Majesties instructions being both pressed by shortnesse of time his Excellence was graciously dismissed to returne to his Armie then being come upon the Oder being then the most ruined part within the Empire by reason both the Armies had laine there above a yeare before which caused that Summer both famine and plague the smart whereof his Excellence Armie suffered at their first coming where they died of the plague above two hundreth a weeke so that it was impossible for them to subsist long and the plague was so rife that his Excellence servants and family were not free Neverthelesse none can say but for the well and furtherance of the good cause they did arrive in a good time having diverted from his Majestie a great part of the enemies forces towards Silesia being more afraid of their coming than of an Armie twice stronger and the diversion thus made was a great furtherance to the joyning of his Majestie with the Duke of Saxon and consequently of his Majesties advancement in Dutchland and of his victory obtained against his enemies at Leipsigh for nothing doth more crosse the designes of a mightie enemy than to heare a forraigne supply of valiant men to come to his enemy which no doubt would force to alter his former Designes which once altered unadvisedly in haste might marre the happie event of his former Conclusions Likewise his Excellence being dismissed the Landgrave of Hessen and Duke Barnard of Wymar did come unto his Majestie with the offer of their service knowing his Majestie had gotten a supply to his Armie out of Britaine which did encourage them and the most part of the Townes of the foure upper Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Iuly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and The thirteenth Observation HIS Majestie wisely made choice of a fit place for his Leaguer being commodious for transportation of victualls unto his Armie without being in danger of his enemies In like manner we see his Majesties wisedome in making his friends sure behinde him viz. the Duke of Brandenburg the Dukes of Pomeren and Machlenburg from whence his victualls and his supplies must needs come and as his Leaguer was commodious for furnishing the Armie so it was commodiously situated for defence against the enemy the one halfe or backe being naturally defended by the course of the water running by and on the other side it was defended by the Towne and by the helpe of the old Dike which easily was fortified His Majesties wisedome also was seene by keeping of his Souldiers still in Action never suffering them to be idle as a wise Generall ought to doe for either they were imployed on marches or lying still in working or in fighting by parties or in grosse as occasion offered For this Generall knew well that he was but the carrion of a man and not a man that did live idle having in a living body but a dead minde Here also I did remarke and observe Homo homini quid interest for we finde a great difference betwixt his Majesties welcoming of Tilly to Werben and the Felt-marshall Twifenbacke his welcome made to his Majestie before Francford on the Oder who never did present himselfe in the Fields though almost as strong as we were but here we finde the contrary that notwithstanding of Tillies strength being twenty-six thousand men Gustavus was not afraid to have invaded his fore-Troopes with a weake partie and did defeate them shewing unto us the difference betwixt Commanders by his owne valourous example incouraging his little Armie before the ●nemies coming he would not first meete his enemy with an Army but having strengthened his Leaguer with Baniers Forces and called in his weake Garrisons from danger and then taking all victualls out of his enemies way bringing it within his Leaguer he then armed with courage and resolution

all his will is so that he converts our noisomnesse unto health and our sinnes being ill he turnes them unto our good that eternall Governour triumphs in the Chariot of his providence and if willingly we follow him then freely as his Souldiers if unwillingly we must follow him as captives and servants We see then here by Gods providence the Duke was contented to joyne his Army with the Kings Majesties Army being come to Wittenberg to goe Conjunctis viribus against their common enemy the house of Austria and the Catholique league It had beene good for Madeburg this union had beene sooner concluded but the Lord would not have it seeing their punishments by Generall Tillies Army their scourge was decreed long before But now the Duke of Saxon terrified by their example thinkes it better to prevent such another wound by joyning with his Majesty being made warie by others fall for it is better late to thrive then never and it is better to prevent evill then to suffer and it was better for the Duke of Saxon to blush in time then out of time to grow pale for now being taken at the rebound Tillies Army being at Lipsigh seing his own house on fire to be relieved he offers his service to his Majesty damning himselfe soule and body if ever he will forsake his Majesty and his Crowne if then he would but helpe him to beate the enemy out of his country againe So that he which could not be tied with one knot before is now hard tied by foure great points which he was made to condescend unto on his honour and credit to have bin kept unviolable And his Majesty getting him once thus bound the way to make him sure was to make him fight that having dipped his hands once in the bloud of his enemies he was not suddenly to be clensed and this was the manner to tye him harder then the custome was of old amongst the Germans who were wont when they entred in confederacy to draw bloud in a Goblet of both their browes and drinke of it mutually for the more strict observance of their fidelities to each others But shortly after this confederacy was made much German bloud was drawne and of other strangers bloud to make the tie so much the harder and before the tie was broke his Majesties bloud was shed to the perpetuall disgrace of him that after his Majesties death forgetting his honour and credit did violate his confederacy made with the crowne as with the King our Master of never dying memory The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March over the Elve at Wittenberg to Diben THE Conjunction agreed upon betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Saxon all things sealed and subscribed his Majestie gave Orders to breake up with the Armie and to crosse the Elve over the bridge at Wittenberg for to joyne with the Dukes Armie the orders were obeyed with great contentment and entering into Saxonie we quartered the first night not farre from Diben the place appointed for our Randez-vouz the next morning we marched thither and were drawne up in battaile on the Fields where in the after-noone the Dukes Armie arrived being drawne up in battaile within Cannon shot of us the whole Officers of our Armie were commanded to be in readinesse on horse-backe to convey his Majestie for to welcome the Duke and his Armie which for pleasing the eye was the most complete little Armie for personages of men comely statures well armed and well arraide that ever mine eyes did looke on whose Officers did all looke as if they were going in their best Apparell and Armes to be painted where nothing was defective the eye could behold This shew seene by his Majestie and his Officers his Majestie returning the Duke with his followers did convey his Majestie to the sight of our Armie which being called to their Armes having lyen over-night on a parcell of plowd ground they were so dusty they looked out like Kitchin-servants with their uncleanely Rags within which were hidden couragious hearts being old experimented blades which for the most part had overcome by custome the toyle of warres yet these Saxons gentry in their bravery did judge of us and ours according to our out-sides thinking but little of us neverthelesse we thought not the worse of our selves The ceremony past we were all remitted to take rest for that night in our former quarters the next morning by breake of day we were called up to march where both our Armies were ordained to march on severall streets one Randezvouz being appointed for us at night within a mile and a halfe of the enemies Armie where being come to our Randezvouz by foure a clocke in the after-noone and drawne up in battaile our guards drawne out to watch were directed to their Postes and then we resting by our Armes as we were in battaile we slept lying where we stood that in case of a Alarum we were not to be found in disorder being ready to fight where we stood Immediately after the Armie was setled in Quarters newes was come to his Majestie in poste that the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord to the enemy As also that Generall Tilly with a mightie and strong Armie was come a mile from Leipsigh and was preparing for a Fight which newes did no wayes alter his Majesties countenance being resolved before for the like to have sought him to Fight So that being both willing and so neare it was easie bringi●g them together our baggage was appointed to goe backe to Diben our horse and foote watches were strengthened and we were in readinesse and refreshing first our bodies with victualls we slept till the n●x● morning The fifteenth Observation NOthing earthly is more pleasant to be seene than to see brethren in Christ co●joyned against Gods enemies for advancing of the glory of God in promoting of his Gospell and for setting at libertie those poore soules our brethren in Christ that were kept long under the yoke and tyranny of the house of Austria and the Catholique League their mortall enemies Who would not then for their liberties that were banished that they might one day retire to their possessions who would not I say be willing yea more who would not rejoyce having such a Leader as Gustavus was to hazard their lives for the weale of the publique yea more for the promoting of Christs Gospell Surely for mine owne part I was most willing and wished long to have seene a day wherein I might hazard my life in this quarrell in being one of the number of Fighters before I did come at it for many reasons but especially for the libertie of the daughter of our dread Soveraigne the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Princely Issue next for the libertie of our distressed brethren in Christ and thirdly for my better instruction in the profession of Armes which is my calling for having before seene many occurrences that did belong to our Calling I longed to

are signifying thereby that brave warriours Kings or Princes had no better right than their swordes Here also we see that nothing is more powerfull to bring our enemies to an accord than a strong Armie while as they want strength to oppose them for the Conquest will render and give such conditions to the Conquerour as he pleaseth to further good or bad We see also here as formerly His Majestie in respect of the Duke of Wimar his power in those Quarters which in effect is great appointed him Stat-houlder and supreame Commissioner in His Majesties absence in governing the Countrie and in strengthening the Armie by leavying of forces of horse and foote being a fit man for such employment that part of the Country being the most populous part in Germanie and cheapest to entertaine them through the fertilitie of ground in those parts rendering increase beyond any part of lower Germanie The twentieth Dutie discharged of our March towards Wurtzburg in Franconia THE twenty-six of September his Majestie divided the Armie in two Deales or parts considering the difficultie he had to march over During-vault with a strong Armie And therefore being minded to march unto Franconia to visit the Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg he tooke the one halfe of the Armie with himselfe crossing over the Vault towards Konickhoffen and Swinfort and directed Lievetenant Generall Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne with the other halfe of the Armie to march over the Vault unto Franconia upon Smalka and Newstat the Randezvouz appointed for the Army to meet at was Wurtzburg on the Maine being the Bishop his chiefe residence where there was a great Citie and a strong Citadell or Castle wherein lay a strong Garrison and the most part of the riches of the Country being esteemed by them as impregnable in respect of the Situation being seated on a high hill unaccessible save onely from the Towne so that it was hard to doe it any hurt by Cannon being so strong by nature and fortified with divers out-workes on the accessible side that lay to the Citie The Army thus divided and marching alike to one centre or Randezvouz his Majestie was provided to take in the strengths that lay in his way and Bawtizen and Hepburne had Orders to bring under Contribution such Cities as they marched on as they did His Majestie tooke in his way Konickhoffen by accord being strong and having beset it with a Garrison he marched from thence to Swinfort and tooke it in also and having beset it with a Garrison the Burgers being made to give their Oath of fidelitie Duke Ernest of Wymar was appointed Statholder over Franconia In this time we marched over the Vault to Smalka and from thence to Newstat Milerstad Gemond and Carlestat on the Maine The first night we quartered on the side of the Vault next unto Franconia in a Citie called Smalka where we were well quartered and the next morning we marched to Mainigen from thence to Mellerstat and then to Newstat on the Salt from thence to Hamelburg from thence to Gemond and from Gemond to Carlstat and these six Cities we tooke in by accord and having gotten a Composition of moneys of them they being sworne to give their obedience unto his Majestie having quartered in them as we past they were free paying the moneys they had promised and the monethly Contribution In this march though the Generall Lievetenant commanded in chiefe and made the Accord most to his owne advantage having got of these Townes above fiftie thousand Dollers whereof he made neither accompt to his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did he acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinsort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within

three dayes march to relieve it and to the end they might shew good example to others they were commanded with their fellowes being all Musketiers to crosse the Bridge and to beate the enemy from the water side and then to force a passage for the rest of the Armie towards the Castle the orders were as hard as the passage was difficult yet Cavaliers of courage being daring men and once resolved nothing could seeme difficult unto them to gaine honour and credit to themselves and Country especially being made choice of by a King out of his Armie to give testimony publikely in view of the whole Armie of their valour and resolution exemplary forcing their enemies to give ground for them and theirs having had not one foote of ground on that side of the water till they should gaine it at their landing for I was none of the actors nor yet of the spectators till I had viewed it the next day being informed particularly by my Camerades of the manner of their on-falling The bridge lay over the Maine with six Arches in length being a very faire and spatious bridge over which sixtie men could well march in front lying open unto the Castle batteries and workes the middle Arch whereof being broke a plancke was set over where with difficultie strong-headed Souldiers might crosse one after another under mercy of Cannon and Musket and while as they could but file over the enemy could receive them with full bodies of pikes and muskets which was a great disadvantage and the distance betwixt the water and the plancke would terrifie any to venter over for feare of drowning though he were in no feare of an enemy so that many who went with resolution to passe over returned againe choosing rather to crosse alongst the water in small boates Notwithstanding the enemy would emptie Salves of muskets on them before their landing Neverthelesse Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton in obedience to his Majesties commands with a few Souldiers adventured to crosse the River with small Boates their Souldiers giving fire before their landing and in their landing against their enemies and being happily once landed and beginning to skirmish their Souldiers they left behinde them who before durst not adventure to crosse alongst the plancke seeing their Officers and Camerades ingaged with the enemy to helpe them they ranne over the plancke one after another so fast as they could runne till at last they past all and made a strong head against the enemy till by the valourous Conduct of their Leaders and their following they forced the enemy to give ground retiring unto their workes Their Leaders desirous to gaine further honour and reputation pursued the enemy so hard till they had beaten them out of a Torne they had fled unto At which time Sir Iames Ramsey was shot lame in the left arme and then his Camerade Sir Iohn Hamilton succeeding him both in command and courage notwithstanding of the enemies strength and great fury used against them having disputed with long service for the ground at last it was made good by Sir Iohn and his followers till such time his Majestie had set over after them the most part of the Armie so that they were blocked up on all quarters and forced to remaine within their workes till that against night the service being ceased we with the rest of the Armie were come from Carlstat and quartered that night without the Towne on the other side of the Maine His Majestie before day gave Orders to the Swedes and some Dutch Regiments to storme the enemies workes who having kept slight watch were unawares surprized by some Swedes that had entered with ladders over the wall so that a panick feare having possessed them they retired in disorder from their Poste and the Swedes and Dutch followed so hard that they had not time to draw up their draw-bridge neither yet to let downe the Portcullis of their inward Ports being so amazed our people flocking in after them cut them downe as they were found giving no quarters at all so that they that entred first made the best boo●●e though least service Here fortune favoured his Majestie miraculously at this time beyond mens expectation as formerly having got here a great deale of riches as also many Cannon and great store of Amunition and of all sort of victualls abundance The fury past his Majestie set a Governour on the Castle and a Garrison which was strong and he gave Orders presently to beginne to repaire the workes seeing Generall Tilly with his Armie were drawing neere and his Majestie having got intelligence that they were quartered within two miles off Wurtzburg according to his accustomed manner his Majestie with a partie of Horse and Dragoniers fell upon their neerest quarters in the night and defeated foure Regiments of their Horse and retired the next night unto Wurtzburg attending when the enemy would seeke for his revenge The twentieth Observation HIs Majestie at this time as formerly used great expedition in marching unto Franconia knowing it was one of the Circles of the whole Empire that was of most importance for the enemy being a straite and a strong Country by reason of the strengths within it And therefore it was that he divided his Armie in crossing the Vault at divers places that his Artillery might passe the sooner through For he knew who ever was Master of Wurtzburg he commanded the whole River of the Maine and consequently whole Franconia which fortunately happened according to his Majesties deliberation Here also we see the evill that comes of greedinesse in making generall Commanders to be hated by those that follow them for Bawtizen having got a great summe of money of these Townes by the helpe and service of the foote it became him according to right and discretion to have shared with the Colonells who commanded the Briggads and Regiments but seeing his want of discretion in not acknowledging them they being once joyned againe to his Majesties Army would never consent to be commanded by him a foot-step afterwards for ought his Majestie could doe having dealt so niggardly with Cavaliers of their worth so that his Majestie was forced to direct him to command elsewhere This greedinesse is the most pestiferous roote that ever grew in a generall Commander for on this march Souldiers were usually commanded to lie in the Fields and not suffered to quarter in the Townes which they had taken for feare to hinder the payment of the moneys imposed on them so that publique employment is ill bestowed upon a greedy person and this greedinesse in a man of warre to gather riches may los● him all his fortunes and avarice hath beene the losse of many Armies and of many Kingdomes also for no vice is more pestiferous in the extraordinary use than this to bring a man to be disdained of others especially of those would follow him Here also we see that of old our Nation was much esteemed of abroad especially the Clergie

defensive warre keeping the maine strength of his Army within Wurtzburg being well provided of all furniture for horse and man he begunne to strengthen the Towne with the spade and the shovell in making of redoutes and skonces without it in manner of a Winter Leaguer he also caused Scaffold the walles round about within the Towne and fearing his coming on Oxenford he did the like discharging all duties himselfe from one place to an other as became a wise Generall that did foresee the designes of his ●nemie by a timely prevention according to the accidents circumstances and situation of places seeing his enemies strong and himselfe weake he tooke the first advantage This charge of a Generall to an Armie is a place of such weight and importance that few ought to long to intrude themselves in this kinde of Generall command being subject to infinite chances and altogether divers almost every houre set before him Truly though this King had a rare judgement wit and dexteritie with great experience in his Command Neverthelesse to speake truth all the time I did follow his Majestie on occasions being neere three yeeres I did never see His Majestie so much troubled in minde and resolution as at this time in Oxenford not knowing well himselfe what to resolve the enemie being behind him and before him able to pursue Wurtzburg and Oxenford alike and to my minde if he had he might have carried both at that time for our Armie was not only scattered and di●persed but also we were weake and which was worse we were all of us discontented being too much toyled with marching working and watching without any pay or gaines for honest men At this time his Majestie stood in neede of assistance and good Counsell having enemies on all hands and a strong enemy the Country also unsure being unfriends and Papists and he being wise resolved without giving Battaile his best was to presse to overcome them with the season with hunger and cold with marches and delayes keeping himselfe within walles he knew well twelve Souldiers with a good Officer to direct them were better being willing to attend than a hundred naked and hungry Souldiers without whereby his enemies Armie were undone without hurt or detriment of his owne being well commanded and well foreseene and provided of all necessaries having given them besides as reward of their former services a little money knowing well how hungry men could be contented with little in time of neede for he resolved if the enemy pursued him hard within Wurtzburg he could not suffer himselfe to be beleaguered with a strong Armie in a straite place and to goe to the Fields with a discontented weake Armie which it behooved him to doe was not good The consideration of this forced him to give some moneys in hand to content them and hand-writ and assignations for more moneys to be payd unto them out of Newrenberg within six moneths afterwards As also his Majestie knew well the enemies Armie neere hand hearing there was money given out by his Majestie that it was the onely way to weaken and dissolve the enemies Armie in making their Souldiers runne away and to take service under his Majestie which in effect accordingly fell out for it being neere Winter and their Armie marched away their stragling Souldiers did strengthen our Garrisons having taken service under us having but heard of the brute of money that was given ou● amongst us Where we see how necessary it was at this time in such a dangerous extremitie for this little Armie to have beene commanded by a wise Generall that steered his course aright in middest of the greatest tempest like to a skilfull marriner where an arrogant fellow without skill that had commanded had made shipwracke of all As his Majestie was wise and moderate in his Command so those who obeyed were faithfull and intire to their Superiour Here inferiours whom Fortune favoureth though weakest were subject in all things to him who was Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Gustavus the Invincible that by his wisedome and foresight forced old Tillie to retire to Nurenberg having gained nothing but losse which retreate was the presage of his future ruine at the Leacke where it enters into the Danow Here also we are instructed as well by his Majesties politique government as by his military He being alike expert in both discharging the dutie of a King and a Generall Tam Arte quam Marte for the enemy was no sooner gone but incontinent his Majestie caused serve his publique Edicts for bringing in the Country-men to give their oaths of fidelitie moving them thereto partly by compulsion and partly by promises of dutie and of libertie to their Consciences two strong Arguments to move those to obedience who had seene their friends forced to turne backes upon them from whom under God they did expect Reliefe to come Moreover we see here that those who are honoured by God are also worthy of honour from their equalls other Kings Princes and Confederates sending their Ambassadours unto them to congratulate their good Fortunes and successe as also to Treate with them in matters belonging to their mutuall States and standing at this time also there were Commissioners sent from Vlme Strasburg Nurenberg and Francford treating with His Majestie for themselves apart as free from the bodie of the Empire And such feathers his Majestie was glad to get out of the Emperours wings knowing the more he wanted of such feathers the worse he could flie and some of them were light changing as the winde To conclude then whom fortune favoures the world laughs on as may be seene here by the example of Lievetenant Colonell Howbalt after the intaking of Hanow by meere fortune being surprized which was the occasion this Cavalier was so suddenly made up in getting Command over horse and foote from Livetenant Colonell who foure yeeres before was Sergeant under the blew Regiment Yet notwithstanding the good he had received under his Majestie and his Crowne he afterwards quit them and their service in their greatest extreamitie which was unthankfully done of him being more unkindly then friendly The twenty second Duty discharged of our March from Wurtzburg to Francford on the Maine HIS Majesty having beset Wurtzburg Castle with a strong Swedens Garrison under command of Colonell Axellille preparation being made for the march the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson a Swede was directed downe the Maine with the great Cannon and three hundred commanded musketiers of Scots of Sr. Iames Ramsey his Regiment comanded by Alexander Hanan being a discreete Cavalier of good command and conduct and valorous also they had abundance of Cannon fire-workes Amunition and all other furniture belonging to Artillery with them by water having got orders to take in all strengths on the Maine which lay in their way where they and he who commanded them made good booty having taken in severall Castles and Miltenburg also and from thence continued their course

Protectour of their faith and Religion and consequently of their freedome and their countries freedome and for their rewards to my knowledge they were inriched three yeares together by the hant of the Army with the substance of the foure upper Circles of Germany which in th' end they rewarded with unthankefulnesse and doubtlesse will be punished for it sometime Here also we have the power of example for the Towne of Francford having taken his Majesty of Sweden for their Protector following their examples the two Landgraves Hessen and Darmstat with the Earles of the Veteraw desire also to be in the confederacy and were most gladly accepted of Vlme Nurenberg and Strasburg ended also their confederacy with his Majesty after the example of Francford promising supply of men money and victualls for the Army Amunition and horses for the Artillery with abundance of Armes for horse and foote with powder ball match waggons spades shovells Pikes mattockes axes and all other things fitting for the advancement of the warres Here was a greate conquest without stroake of sword shewing unto us the number of friends we get when fortune smiles on us but how soone this Heroicke Person is but once gone and that fortune beginneth to frowne then these variable friends quit their confederacy againe following the strongest for which one day the sword of their enemies will come amongst them with hunger and pestilence At this time the Queenes Majesty of Sweden was come to Stati● and from thence on her journey towards Francford Here also the Kings Majesty of Bohemia was come to visit his Majesty of Sweden and was Royally received by his Majesty as likewise by the Lords of Francford and was wonderfully well liked of by the whole Communalty of the Cities and Countries where ever his Majesty did come Here also the Marquesse of Hamilton did come unto his Majesty againe being followed like a Prince and well respected by both the Kings The Ambassadors of Britaine and of France were there also and the Rex-chancellor of Sweden being come with the Queenes Majesty and Sir Patricke Ruthvene come from Spruce were all made welcome to this Court then at Francford which was not inferiour to the Emperours owne Court in respect of great confluence of people that came from all parts to congratulate the Lyon of the north his victories and to admire his fortunes being so increased in two yeares time that all things succeeded happily unto his Majesty according to his owne hearts desire The twenty third Duty discharged of the intaking of the Skonce at Oppenham and his Maiesties crossing the Rhine HIS Majesty having viewed and well recognosced the Skonce on the Rhine over against Oppenham the River being interjected betwixt it and the Towne his Majesty did leade Colonell Hepburnes Briggad and Colonell Winckles being the blew with some cannon great and small before it where his Majesty did stay till the Batteries were made and the approaches begun then leaving the command on Colonell Hepburne with tempestuous cold weather with hard frosts and snow we lay downe on the fields having no shelter but some bushes by the side of the Rhine The Skonce was really fortified with Fossees that were broad deepe and full of water with a draw-bridge over the Moate and the Skonce was well beset with a thousand men and well provided of victualls fire and Amunition having free passage at their pleasure without danger from the Towne unto the Skonce and backe againe The Castle and the hill on the other side of the Rhine being mounted high their cannon from their batteries did cleanse and scowre the fields about the Skonce being a razed Champange and plaine without any shelter of their batteries on the other side they plagued us still with cannon especially in the night time while it behooved us to have fire which was their marke so that sundry were lost and one night sitting at supper a Bullet of thirty two pound weight shot right out betwixt Colonell Hepburnes shoulder and mine going through the Colonells Coach the next shot kill'd a Sergeant of mine by the fire drinking a pipe of Tobacco This night the enemy made an out-fall to try his valour thinking to beate us from our cannon but he was bravely repulsed by push of Pike slightly esteeming of their muskets and scorning to use ours with sharpe points of pikes conveied them home to their Craffe The next day in the morning knowing his Majesty had crossed the Rhine they did capitulate with Colonell Hepburne who did give them being Italians more honourable quarters then in truth their carriage did deserve having got licence to march out Bag and Baggage with full Armes with a convoy to the next Garrison they being marched his Majesty having crossed the Rhine in the night where the Spaniard made some resistance but in vaine his Majesty having got over the next morning he marched towards Openham in the Paltz on the one side of the Towne and we setting over also we pursued the Towne and the Castle on the other side but Sr. Iames Ramsey his musketiers being led by their Major finding a privy passage about the Castle they stormed over the walles coming betwixt the outward Skonce and the castle and finding the draw-bridge downe on a sudden they entered the Castle and put all to the sword the rest of the enemy finding the Castle to be in they runne all to storme the Skonce on which were nine Companies of Italians with their colours their Officers finding the castle surprized behinde them and the storme going on before them they threw downe their Armes calling for quarters which was granted but their colours taken from them they willing to take service were all disposed by his Majesty to Sr. Iohn Hepburne who was not only a Colonell unto them but a kinde Patron putting them in good Quarters till they were armed and clad againe But their unthankfulnesse was such that they stayed not but disbandoned all in Bireland for having once got the warme ayre of the Summer they were all gone before Winter The twenty-third Observation HERE then we see that it is the dutie of all wise Generals of intention to beleaguer Citie Fort or Strength first to recognosce and having once recognosced then to proceed as they finde most advantagious for the Beleaguerer and disadvantagious for the assailed the pursuer must know what number of men are requisite for the pursute as well offensive as defensive In this point of recognoscing his Majesties judgement was wonderfull as in all other practicall duties fitting a great Commander and as his Majesties judgement was great and good so he was of that minde nothing in this kinde could be well done which he did not himselfe neither could his Majestie abide at such times as he went to recognosce any other to accompany him in the danger other reasons doubtlesse His Majestie had which were onely privie unto himselfe This point how necessarie it is for a great Commander to be judicious

of no Souldier will doubt Here also we see His Majestie made no difference of season or weather in prosecuting his enemie whenever he found any advantage And therefore it was His Majesties wise resolution to crosse the Rhine while Generall Tillies Armie in the Winter time was farthest from him and making but a faint here before Oppenham his ayme and designe was to crosse the Rhine at an other part by shipping that while the enemie was busied in defence of the Skonce His Majestie might crosse at an other part for the Armie once crossed the Skonce was lost for want of supplie and His Majestie once over the whole Paltz and Mentz were in feare Nothing is more powerfull to resist resolution than resolution for it is said of the Oake being hard timber for to cleave it a sunder there must be wedges made of it selfe that hardnesse may overcome hardnesse My advise then to all brave fellowes watching in trenches or guarding Cannon while as the enemie would try their valour by out-falling in assailing them at such times let the defender doe as was done here leaving the use of the Musket as being more unreadie let them make use of their pikes meeting their enemies in the teeth with a strong firme bodie of Pikes after the old Scots fashion used by our Predecessours that fought pell mell with two-hand swordes till one of the parties did quit the field for though they suffer losse sure they must winne credit that repulse their enemie rather than disgracefully suffer their Cannon to be nayled or their braines knockt out in trenches while as they take them to the uncertaintie of the musket Therefore let resolution be ever present repulsing force with force for if thou wouldest be esteemed amongst the number of brave fellowes thou must resolve to shew thy selfe resolute couragious and valiant going before others in good example choosing rather to dye with credit standing serving the publique than ignominiously to live in shame disgracing both thy selfe and Countrie Who would not then at such times choose vertue before vice glorie honour and immortall fame before an ignominious shamefull and detestable life Let then my deere Camerades of the Brittish Nation where ever they serve embrace this my exhortation and lay it up in the secret corners of their heart and minde that they may be ever mindefull of their credits preferring credit to life for the honour of the invincible Nation doing ever as was done here by their Countrie men in one night thrice at three severall partes whereof twice in sight of their King and Master His Majestie crossing the Rhine did take with him the Scots which were there of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment of old Spense his Regiment and of My Lord Rhees being landed the Spanish horsemen having furiously charged the Scots with a little advantage of a hedge stood by His Majestie against the Spanish horsemen and with a strong body of pikes and salves of musket resisted valiantly the horsemen till the rest were landed to relieve them As also the next day the Musketieres of Ramseys Regiment that on all occasions were wont to shew their valour were the first stormed the walles at Oppenham as they were the first with their Camerades that accompanied His Majestie at his landing in the Paltz testifying how willing they were to oppose danger in sight of their King and Master revenging themselves on the Spaniard a cruell enemy to the Daughter of our King and Sister to our Dread Soveraigne the Queene of Bohemia whom before they had removed by force of Armes from the sweete land of the Paltz where at this time they were fighting to invest againe His Majestie of Bohemia her Husband and his Royall issue being under the Conduct of the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Swede● their Leader who was carelesse as he said himselfe that night to incurre the feude or the enmity and anger both of the House of Austria and King of Spaine to doe service to his Deere Sister the Queene of Bohemia Who would not then my deere Camerades Companions not of want but of valour and courage at such a time being the time we all of us longed to see who would not I say presse to discharge the dutie of valourous Souldiers and Captaines in sight of their Master and King having crossed the Rhine fighting for the Queene of Souldiers being led by the King of Captaines and Captaine of Kings who would not then as true valourous Scots with heart and hand sustaine the Fight discharging at once the dutie of Souldiers and valourous Captaines by that meanes so farre as in them lay restoring the Paltz contemning death striving to get victory over their enemies and freedome of Conscience to their distressed brethren long kept in bondage and under tyranny of their enemies the space of ten yeares till the coming of this magnanimous King and great Captaine who in six moneths time after did free the Paltz of all Spanish Forces setting them at libertie having brought the Keyes of all Goales with him and opened the doores not onely of all prisons but also of all houses and Churches in the Paltz that had beene closed ten yeares before through the banishment of the owners bringing them backe to their houses againe and having removed the Idolatrous worship of Papists out of their Churches suffered them againe to serve God peaceably in their former true undoubted and onely pure profession of the Faith of Christs Gospell The twenty-fourth Dutie discharged of our March to Mentz and of the intaking of it HIS Majestie having laien here at Oppenham some three dayes till the rest of the Armie were come over at Oppenham and at Stockstat the Armie being come over the Spaniards were afraid to stay in any place that was not wondrous strong and their feare being so great they quit Stagne setting it on fire as also the Lotterings Garrison did quit Wormes having first abused the Towne with plundering and other intolerable damage and hurt they retired all unto Frankendall being strong by fortification they made it strong of men having retired above eight thousand Spaniards within it who being blocked up had never the resolution or courage once to have falne forth on the Swedens Forces but kept themselves close within walles His Majestie taking his march towards Mentz which before was blockt up on the other side of the Rhine next to Francford with Shippes and with the Landgrave of Hessens Forces his Majestie about the middest of December in cruell tempestuous weather for frost and snow coming before it on a Sunday in the afternoone and having himselfe rode about the Towne on the Paltz side and recognosced both workes and walles the Armie standing in Battaile his Majestie having first commanded the Horsemen some to quarters and some on dutie The foote Briggads were commanded towards their severall Postes where Colonell Hepburnes Briggad according to use was directed to the most dangerous Poste next the enemy and the rest

his Officers on Hasford and Swineford These newes coming unto his Majesty he prepared for a march unto Franconia bringing the rest of his Majesties forces together that were with the Felt-marshall and he did send unto During to the Duke of Wymar and to Generall Banier to bring their forces together to meete betwixt Nurenberg and Donavert to search out Generall Tilly and about the middest of March 1632. we brake up from Mentz having left the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke Bernard of Wymar with eight thousand men in the Paltz to attend the Spaniards further intentions on the Rhine The twenty-sixth Observation THE Catholique League seeing the Spaniard terrified in the Paltz and almost beaten away they begun being members of that head to quake and tremble for feare of the Swedens neighbourhood and therefore the Bishops of Mentz Triere Cullen Wurtzburg and of Bambrick presently resolved out of their policy to treat for a neutrality pressing so farre as lay in them to bring the King of France and his Majesty of Sweden to pull at each others beards alleadging the Swedens intentions were only to subvert the Catholique Religion and the professours of Popery as he had already as they alleadged persecuted and banished the Churchmen out of Erford Wurtzburg Francford Hickst and out of all other parts where they were whereupon his Majesty of France notwithstanding of his confederacy with the King of Sweden was commoved at his crossing the Rhine fearing he might bring the Catholique League on his side and then turn● his Armes against France which suspitions wrought an Ambassage from his Majesty of France towards his Majesty of Sweden for treaty of neutrality betwixt the King of Sweden and the Catholique League which in th' end turned to nothing Where we see that all Potentates and great Kings doe keepe no Confederacy nor League but only so farre as they are helpfull for their owne aimes and designes preferring their benefit before the keeping of their covenants where we see that Kings hand-writings or seales in pactions making tye them no more then as nothing when they finde them prejudiciall to their owne greatnesse and cannot be made to keepe their covenants but with stronger power Then we see here his Majesty of Sweden was nothing moved with the King of France his threatning except he would retire over the Rhine againe seeing he knew his owne ability at that time that being once over the Rhine he could march unto France The consideration whereof made them agree better on secondary conditions having past from the first covenant so that we see there is no dealing with Kings but on equall termes and then are they most reasonable but the example of Kings in this point of their covenants is not to be imitated by any other inferiours for in respect of them though not in respect of God they are privileged persons who cannot be punished for their faults but by God alone And therefore amongst inferiours nothing is to be kept more strict next unto faith unviolated then mens word and promise especially promises betwixt old friends But alas no friendship is permanent seeing many things come betwixt turning it unto hatred and hostility for where love doth not grow the friendship is not durable Likewise here we see his Majesty of France made haste to interpose his request for the weale of the Catholique League shewing himselfe discontented with their usage to make them the more ready to thinke on him before they should any wayes leane in their necessity to the King of Sweden As also we see the policy of the League though in their necessity they seemed to make use of the King of France his friendship yet they would not cast off the house of Austria and King of Spaine their ould friends for the hope they had in their new friend the King of France lest their new friend might disappoint them of their expectations as he did in th' end missing his owne aimes We see also here the Frenches policy in making haste to intercede for the Leagueistes lest the danger might come on himselfe for the King of France h●aring the King of Sweden had crossed the Rhine he did not stay to bring his Army together till the League should call for his helpe lest it should be too late but incontinent brought his Army to the Mosell and then sent his Ambassador to Ment● to his Majesty of Sweden to treat having his Army at hand which was the only sure way then to get the better conditions knowing the King of Sweden had already too many Irons in the fire Those we see are the best friends that in necessity keepe their paction as the Catholique League did at all times unto the Emperour who otherwise had bin no Emperour neither yet had he bin Emperour had the Evangelists kept together and hazarded their meanes and bloud in defence of the publique cause as the Catholiques did in their greatest necessity once every yeere setting up ever new Armies as one was beaten unto them their wisdome and constancy were so great that presently the next Spring through their power and diligence they had ever another new Army afoote which in th' end made their enemies the Evangelists weary sparing their meanes they suffered in a manner the cause and the publique to be neere lost being since beaten by their owne Armes and meanes seeing they neglected time while as they might employ their meanes to the finall overthrow of their enemies and yet to my knowledge in Germany if they would conjoyne their strengths together constantly against the Papists they are powerfull enough to free all Germany of Popery banishing them over the Alpes from whence they came And I perswade my selfe none that knowes Germany but in his conscience he must confesse this to be truth But when our fellowes in friendship faile us as the Evangelists one after another for a skurvy losse quit the Crowne of Sweden the great Duke of Saxon having left them first breaking his oath and promise in prejudice of the publique peace excluding the Protestants impiously for his owne aimes he did prejudice the Gospell his country and confederates and by his evill example for plaine necessity while a storme should blow over the townes of the upper Circles of the Empire as Strasburg Vlme Nurenberg Francford did accept of an unsetled peace contrary to their mindes in prejudice of the publique losing themselves and the publique for the losse of one day being without their head which first brought them together Here then we see the great difference of friendship in prosperity and in adversity for his Majesty of Sweden being at Francford as a victorious King he had then in his prosperity the conflux of friendship some seeking his protection others his friendship and confederacy others for feare of the dint of his Armes seeking to be Neutrall who before were enemies other Kings and Potentats Republiques and Cities sending their Ambassadours congratulating his successe yea and which was

employed in Sweden such as Colonell Scot Colonell Seaton and Colonell Thomson others also were employed in his Majesties service in Spruce as Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to foote over English Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote over Scots and William Kunningham Colonell to foote over Scots Alexander Gordon Colonell to foote over Dutch which Officers with their Regiments after conclusion of the peace made with the Kings Majestie of Polle were also brought into Dutchland against the Saxon and the Emperour Thus farre en passant I was bold to inferre to satisfie the curious Reader and his Highnesse to whom we all vowed faith and obedience being formerly led by such a Generall as the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden who did instruct us all to doe his Highnesse service in all respects to the sacrificing of our lives untill his Highnesse be avenged of his enemies and most honourably restored to his Country credit honours and former losses For we know Germany so well that without guides we can enter their Cities where we know them weakest having helped to subdue many of them before as shall be evident before our expedition come to an end Where we would wish such a Leader as his Highnesse or one of the race come of the Iewell of Europe his Royall Mother for whom and her royall Issue we are obliged and resolved yet to fight till her Throne be established in despight of her enemies Here also we see God will not suffer those Christians unpunished that violate their promise as was seene on Colonell Grame whose fault is too common amongst their faction that hold for a maxime they are not bound to keepe promise or accord unto us as was seene on Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment marching out of St●bing the conditions of their accord being broken unto them the Souldiers were forced to serve and the Officers were made prisoners If my fortune were once againe to command the Guards in Memmungen in Bavier the Dukes chiefe residence though I would not breake my word I would hazard to breake my sword to be avenged on those who keepe no promise or oath being enemies to God and to his truth as they did witnesse by their cruelty used at Bamberg where the Felt-marshall being set on unawares was forced to retire having sent away his cannon before him choosing the least of two inconveniences having thought better to endanger a few men in skirmish than by standing to hazard the losse of all and of his cannon Where we see that it is hard for a brave Commander to make a good retreat without cannon where on the contrary having a little time with some advantage of ground it is easie retiring from the fiercest enemy who may lose himselfe and his Army with pressing too farre forwards against cannon Likewise there is nothing more able for to make a partie of horsmen fortunate than a reasonable supply of musketiers ever to attend them for they are ever best together Moreover we have here a laudable custome of a brave Commander as his Majesty was being as carefull in maintaining his conquest as he was fortunat in conquering for before his Majesty would march from the Rhine towards the Danow he first established the Rex-chancellor of Sweden at Mentz leaving unto his care the direction of the Army left in the Palatinat to attend the Spaniard which Army was to be led by Palsgrave Christian Brickafield being at least eight thousand strong The twenty seventh Duty discharged of our March from Mentz unto Francony and to Shawbach HIS Majesty having got intelligence of the Ruffle Generall Tilly had given at Bamberg to Felt-marshall Horne and hearing the Felt-marshall was retired on Swinford incontinent his Majesties Army was brought together at Mentz and leaving the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne in the Paltz at Mentz as director and to attend on the Spanish forces till the Paltz were cleered of the enemie The sixth of March his Majesty did breake up from Francford where in the fields before Aschaffenburg the Army made a shew in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Marquesse of Hamilton and divers others men of quality and having passed the bridge we quartered over night in the fields on the backe side of the hill and the next day continued our march towards Lore and having sent before to make provision for the Army in all parts where he resolved to quarter through Franconia being free of our enemies The next night we quartered at Erinfield and our Briggad passing by Gemond we marched on Carlestat where we quartered over night the next day continuing our march we joyned at night with the army at Tettelbach where before our upbreaking the next morning a fire being entred in the Subburbs as his Majesty was marching out of quarter those of Spences Regiment were blamed for this accident though innocent Neverthelesse his Majesties rage continued the whole day and we being separated his Majesty marched on Kitchen on the Maine to joyne with the Felt-marshall and we were commanded to march on Oxenford on the Maine and from thence to Vinchen where we againe were to joyne with the Army having ever our cannon and Amunition waggons along with us On Sunday in the afternoone his Majesty againe over-viewed the Army being set in order of Battaile the Felt-marshalls forces and some new forces having joyned with us being pleasant to behould where in time of the show his Majesty of Bohemia did come and salute our Briggad being resaluted with all due respect of the whole body of the Briggad where his Majesty was pleased to shew us how glad he was of the good report and commendation his Majesty of Sweden had given of our good service the continuance whereof he hartily wished Our Army this day was above twenty thousand men horse and foote besides those did belong to the Artillery being all in good order Generall Tilly having understood of his Majesties coming and of the strength of his Army he thought as best for the safety of his Army not to stay our coming and besetting Bamberg and Forcham with new levied men taking the ould Souldiers with him he marched towards Newmarke in the upper Palatinat having taken all the best things he could finde within the Bishopricke of Bamberg with him on waggons And having sent his Generall Quartermaster before him towards Loaffe he was met by some of the Swedens party and being kill'd all his letters were brought unto his Majesty and before his Majesty brake up with the Army he caused to publish an Edict over all Franconia that all sort of people which had before bin fugitives for feare of Religion they were all free to returne unto their houses againe not being molested or troubled in the peaceable labouring of the ground Likewise on this march a strong party of our Army led by Colonell Sparereutter Rancountring with the enemies party by S. hawbbishhall after a long skirmish the Emperialists were made to retire with los●e towards the Castle

of Da●berg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the C●abbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Wins●n on Wolmersdo●ffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegn●ts a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen F●●les with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credence many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning f●aver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the I●habitants had given their Oa●h of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a pr●gresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best ●e could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all fires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards

Donavert upon Ottengen Pleinfelt and went before the Castle of Mansfield on the hill being the strongest of any one in Dutchland and finding he could get nothing done young Papenham being Commandant there was advertised by his Majestie if that he would not give over the Castle his Fathers Earledome thereabouts should be ruind which he though unwilling behooved to suffer but the Cavalier regardlesse of his Majesties threats did keepe out the Castle so that his Majestie for that time was forced to leave it His Majestie leaving a strong Garrison in the Towne next to it he continued his march towards Donavert and quartered the Armie on the Hill above the Towne by this time his Majestie of Pole died as also then Duke Barnard of Wymar had put a thousand Finnes on the other side of the Rhine in Bissen and beset Spier at which time the Spaniard againe did set over the Mosell of intention to relieve Franckendale but was sent backe with shame over the Mosell by the Dukes Armie then left in the Paltz at which time the Chancellor Oxensterne being there in person and Palsgrave Christian Birkafield his Excellence the Rex-chancellor caused the Dutch Regiments marching towards the enemy to beate the Scots march thinking thereby to affright the enemy but it fell out contrary the Dutch that marched in the Van with the Scots march being charged by the enemy made a base retreate till they were holden up againe by the valour of the Scots that were there viz. Sir Iohn Ruthven and his Regiment having had all his Officers of valiant Scots as Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Major Lyell Captaine David King and divers others resolute Cavaliers that stood to it with the assistance of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment and Officers being all old beaten Souldiers formerly called Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment by their valour resisting the enemy and encouraging their Camerades who were flying the victory that before was doubtfull is restored againe to the Swedens so that Palsgrave Christian did sweare in audience of the whole Armie to his Excellence the Rex-chancellor that had it not beene for the valour of the Scots Briggad they had all beene lost and defeated by the Spaniard Here also was evidently seene as was formerly mentioned the valour of Rutmaster Hume in view of his Excellence in defeating the Spanish horsemen being farre inferiour in number unto them where the Dutch Cavalerie led by him repaired the over-sight of their Infanterie that had the Vanguard To returne to the beleaguering of Donavert wherein did lie Hertz●g Randolph Maximilian of Saxonlawenburgh with fifteene hundred Souldiers and five hundred Boores of foote wherein were also five hundred horsemen who finding his Majestie was come to visit him resolved to defend the Towne so long as he could and to that effect begunne with Cannon and Musket to play amongst us who seeing his Majestie had caused to plant some Cannon before the Port to play alongst the Bridge he sallied out bravely and did beate the Swedens that guarded the Cannon from their Cannon which they nay●ed and a Scots Captaine called Semple that commanded the Swedens was blamed for the Swedens fault that did leave him alone who unwis●ly fearing to be taken prisoner came off after his fellowes and we having b●aten backe the enemy the Captaine was put in arrest till he were heard before a Councell of warres Incontinent after that his Majestie planted Batteries on the hill for to play with Cannon on a long stone-hou●e that lay on the other side of the River wherein were a number of foote and horse come from Bavaria to strengthen the Garrison but their entry was hi●dered by our timely comming on which our Cannon played so hard till the house was crevised so that they were forced to quit it with the losse of many men and they being gone our Cannon then played hard on the Towne-Ports and walles doing the enemy great hurt The night drawing on his Majestie commanded Colonell Hepburne with his Briggad to march to a Bridge a mile above Donavert and to crosse over for to beset the other side of the Towne whereon his Majestie thought the enemy would presse to escape before mid-night the Colonell arriving there did place our Musketiers in strong Plottons by hundreds in the most advantagious parts for offending the enemy our Pikes and Colours were drawne up in three strong bodies or squadrons and were commanded to stand by their Armes to be in readinesse in case of Alarum And having placed our Centries Perdues and others by breake of day the enemy fell forth eight hundred strong of Musketiers on our Quarter the service begunne by our Musketiers we came up with full squadrons of Pikes amongst them and entred on the execution till we made them throw downe their Armes and cry for Quarters some for safetie retired backe to the Towne and were followed in by us and cut off within the Towne while others made way for his Majesties Forces to enter from the other side so that the enemy were pittifully cut downe the most part of them in the fury The Towne also was spoyled and quite plundered but some of the Souldiers with the Iesuites and Monkes that had escaped alongst the Bridge being sent after were overtaken and the most part cut off the rest above three hundred were brought backe prisoners within the Garrison were found dead above five hundred and some were drowned in the streame and a thousand that had gotte their lives were forced to take service under the Regiments but being Papists of Bavaria as soone as they smelt the smell of their Fathers houses in lesse than ten dayes they were all gone The in-taking of this passe on such a sudden wrought a terrible feare amongst all the Papists in Bavaria in like manner his Majestie did send Palsgrave Augustus with some Forces to Hechstat a passe on the Danube which he immediatly tooke in and by this time was Generall Tilly with his Armie come on the Leacke towards Rhine on the River and having beset it strong he beset also all other parts betwixt that and Ausburg and the Duke himselfe caused to take their Armes from all the professors of the reformed Religion in Ausburg and having beset it with two thousand Souldiers he retired himselfe to Engolstat His Majestie after the in-taking of Donavert commanded Generall Bannier with a partie of foure thousand strong of horse foote and Artillery towards Newburg on the Danube but it was beset before their comming and they retiring againe to Donavert where our whole Armie being joyned we marched towards the River of the Leacke of intention to force a passe unto Bavaria being then thirtie two thousand strong of horse and foote The twenty-eight Observation GEnerall Tilly knowing his Majestie was so neere with a strong Armi●●o be revenged on him for the Ruffle he had given to Gustavus Horne at Bambricke he never rested his Armie but continually kept them on foote attending still our comming

were sent with a Convoy unto Ausburg to be kept there till the monies were paied His Majesty then fearing that Walestine lately made Generalissimus to the Emperours whole Army was coming with a strong Army out of Bohemia and his Majesty thinking he was to fall with those Forces into the Duke of Saxons country and seeing the Duke of Bavier had his Army ready at Rhinsberg and the passe open he might joyne with Walestine when he pleased and therefore his Majesty resolved suddenly to breake up with his Army from Munchen giving orders all should be in readinesse against the twenty sixth of May to march towards Donavert and from thence in haste to Nurenberg The thirty-one Observation WISE Generalls must resolve in time to rule their affaires according to the occurrences happening in the course of warres for the Duke of Bavier finding himselfe after Tillies death and his losse sustained at Rhine on the Leacke not bastant to rancounter his Majesties Army in the fields he very wisely resolved to make a defensive warre betaking himselfe with his Army within his Strengths and Passes collecting his Forces together at those two places of Engolstat and Rhinsberg which his Majesty perceiving thought againe it was not time for him to enter in beleaguering of such strengths being so strongly beset and so well provided especially seeing his enemies were drawing strong to the fields from all parts The Spaniard forcing his troopes on the Rhine within the Palatinat Generall Major Ossa coming behinde him with an Army in Schwabland the Duke of Bavier lying strong with his Army betwixt him and Nurenburg on the passes of Engolstat and Rhinsberg Walestine also drawing neere to the Duke of Saxon with a strong Army to fall into his country betwixt his Majesty and home and Papenhaim then dominiering in the nether Saxon Creitches in consideration whereof his Majesty very wisely resolved to hang the little Townes Cloisters and Abbacies belonging to the Papists in Bavaria by the Purse taking of them on the sudden all the monies they were able to give him and pledges for the rest promising unto them unlesse they would duely pay their promised contribution unto his Commissaries the next time he would burne their Dorpes and houses and put all to the sword whereas then he had used clemency in hope they would give the like obedience unto him as unto the Duke their Master For his Majesty did see the enemy forced him by a diversion And therefore he used his time while he was in Bavaria that they might not forget he had bin there but rather tooke tokens with him as men mony Armes rare monuments of antiquity and rich Iewells and which was worse wherein his Majesty had neither hand nor direction many of their houses Dorpes and Castles were burnt to the ground by evill and wicked instruments that repaied burning with burning using the Papists at home as they used Protestants abroade being neere the Baltique coast they never dreamed that the Protestants would come so farre up as to repay them under the foote of the Alpes And had Gustavus lived we had gone neere to warme them within Rome for their by-past cruelties where we see that God the righteous judge punisheth sinne with sinne and man by his owne iniquity His Majesty leaving no Garrison in Bavaria to keepe the country the better in awe and obedience he tooke Hostages and pledges of speciall men from them along with him to make them the readier to pay the summes they had promised As also their contribution and to make them the loather to rise againe in Armes against his Majesties Garrisons which lay adjacen● unto them The Duke of Baviers forces being retired within their strengths passes finding themselves not Bastant to offend his Majesties Army they fall out on the other side of the Danube towards the upper Paltz making their incursions there and take in Wisenburg where they used both Burgers and Souldiers more unhumanly then became Christians to doe In like manner we see here the diligence and celerity used by his Majesty according to the occasions that happened in going so suddenly towards Ossa and in returning againe at the Poast with a convoy of Dragoniers towards Munchen to breake up with his Army having left Duke Barnard of Wymar with Generall Major Ruthven to attend on Ossa his Army on the borders of Tyroll towards Landaw and the Boden sea till businesse were pacified Here then we see that his Majesties diligence and experience in warlike actions was so great that his enemies never plotted that enterprize but how soone it came once to his knowledge he presently with celerity and quicknesse of judgment could finde out the contrary remedy ever to make himselfe appeare in effect the most fortunate Commander that ever we read of For his great experience in warlike actions did confirme his judgment and his courage for he was not affraid to doe what he did learne and practise before and like a wise Generall he did ever watch against all unlooked for stroakes for nothing could come wrong unto him because he was alike for all having had the whole compend of wit in his braines he could well and wisely governe the Common-wealth to fight battailes was his delight in the m●king of Leaguers he excelled all other Generalls as Tilly did know Engines to devise to passe over Rivers or Fossies or walles was his master-peece as Tillies death can witnesse at the Leacke to plante batteries or to change therein he was profound witnesse also his crossing the Leacke if lines or approaches were to be altered his judgment then behooved to be used in a word he was the Master of Military discipline being risen from a prentise to the great professor of Arts in this eminent and high calling of a Souldier where it is requisit that as a man is valorous and judicious so he ought to be constant in keeping his word and truth inviolable as this King did to all his confederats and to his enemies also And therefore as a most pretious Iewell his remarkable example of vertue is to be followed by those who would prove Heroicke and Magnificent as he was And therefore I was serious to prie so deepe into his actions as that those whom I wish to succeede him in his vertues may follow his practises used in the conquest of a great part of Germany for his spirit alone and skill in warres was better then thousands of Armed men The like gifts I heartily wish to my Noble Patron his Highnesse the Prince Elector Palatine whom I wish to succeede him not only in his vertues but in his conquest also Seing then the greatest part of humane happinesse doth consist in vertue who ever then would be wise let him fix his eyes and his minde to judge other mens actions thereby to correct his owne looking unto all that was and is to th' end that through their example he may learne to better himselfe for so long he shall florish as

were as suddenly scattered for both the Colonells being taken prisoners they were kept pittifully in bondage for the space of three yeares being neglected of their Superiours till they were forced to ransome themselves and Colonell Iohn Forbesse having afterwards taken service under the King of France being of short continuance was much regrated he being a young Cavalier free and liberall and of good hope To conclude then this observation it was necessitie that vehement fellow did bring his Majestie and his Armie so soone out of Bavaria being the enemy pressed strong against our friends he was diverted Where we see that necessitie in warres admits of no reason more than in other things for seldome it suffers to make choice of times And therefore it is holden as the best teacher that teacheth all most diligently even Kings as well as meane men and Armies as well as parties and parties as private men for it brings ever great celerity and quicknesse with it as it did on this our march for the safetie of Nurenberg The thirty-three Dutie discharged of our Expedition from Furt unto the vpper Palatinate THE Towne of Nurenberg having accommodated and submitted themselves in all things unto his Majesties will for the furtherance of the good cause they furnished victualls Armes and Amunition with Artillery for his Majesties Armie and then his Majestie did breake up with his Armie from F●●t and marched by Nurenberg towards the upper Paltz of intention to get betwixt the enemy and Nurenberg that where ever the enemy could march his Majestie might be provided to follow him or to prevent his Designes The first night our Armie lay in the fields at Lawffe and the next day our march continued beyond Harshbrooke where wee incamped over-night till his Majesties Troopes sent out to Sultzbach were returned wi●h true Conshaft or intelligence which being got we continued our march towards Fortmanshowen and taking it in by Accord the enemy retired to Amberg The Country being destroyed thereabout having camped two nights in the fields Colonell Hepburne and I were commanded with two thousand Musketiers to second the Horsemen in case of neede But his Majestie having got sudden intelligence of Walest●●es marching towards him he retired betime to Harshbrooke againe and we with the Horsemen retired also having the Reare-guard with much rainie we●ther which spoyled both our Armes and Cloaths for a whole fortnight together being incamped at Harshbrooke where his Majestie hearing of the enemies approaching having had then but a weake and a discontented Armie according to his acoustomed manner he thought it was then fit time to make a reckoning with the Armie for their by-past lendings and to cast some thing in their teeth being much discontented To satisfie our hunger a little we did get of by-past lendings three paid us in hand and Bills of Exchange given us for one and twentie lendings more which should have beene payed at Ausburg of the Munchen moneys which we accepted of for payment but were never paid and being thus a little content we retired on Nurenberg making all the haste we could to inclose our selves in a close Leaguer about Nurenberg before the enemies comming During this time Walenstine being on his march to us ward he did take in Egra and Soultzbatch and approaching still with his Armie towards Nurenberg where his Majestie being come before him the sixteenth of Iune we resolved being but weake to expect his coming and in the meane time his Majestie directed for Forces from During and Schwabland and the Feltmarshall Horne was sent away towards the Palatinate and from thence to Elsasse and his Majestie engaged to defend Nurenberg we wrought hard till we were in suretie and by this time being the twenty-sixth of Iune Walenstine being joyned with the Duke of Baviere his Armie they marched towards Nurenberg where they met with Colonell Dowbattle his Dragoniers and with foure Troopes of spare Rutters horsemen which being defeated Colonell Dowbattle was taken prisoner who being a valourous Cavalier of much worth that had behaved himselfe well on many occasions as on this last The report whereof moved Walenstine out of his clemency to set him free within three dayes without ransome and after that they approaching to Nurenberg divers hot skirmishes past betwixt our horsemen and theirs where there was good service done of both parties for their credits in making their first acquaintance they interchanged a number of Bullets welcoming one another unto Nurenberg And on the twenty-eight of Iune they appointed their chiefe Magazine for their Armie to be at Fryenstat in the upper Paltz and on the thirtieth of Iune they came to Schawbach being then fiftie thousand strong of horse and foote we not exceeding sixteene thousand and on the fourth of Iuly they lay downe with their Armie betwixt the River Pegnets and the River Rednets being betwixt our Armie and Franconia from whence our Forces supply and victualls were to come and his Majestie for their welcome the fifth of Iuly did cut off three Troopes of Horse of theirs having got their three Cornets as Bonum omen unto us The thirty-three Observation HIS Majestie having concluded for to stand to the defence of Nurenberg against the strong and mightie Emperiall Armie led by Walenstine and the Duke of Baviere where we have first set before us the reasons of his Majesties Conjunction and Confederacy with Nurenberg against their common enemy First being both of one religion their consciences tied them not to see one anothers hurt or detriment Secondly they saw and considered that the good arising of the union redounded alike to both their wealls Thirdly the feare they had conceived of their owne weakenesse by reason of the enemies strength made them joyne the faster together Fourthly their hatred they bare to the enemies of the Gospell who fought nothing more then their overthrow and ruine made them looke the better unto themselves Fifthly his Majesty stood in neede of the Nurenbergers assistance of men meate and moneyes and they stood in neede of his Majesties concurrence to keepe the overplus of their meanes and the freedome of their consciences to themselves and their posterity by keeping the enemies fury off them All these considered they joyned hand in hand and with one courage they resolved to be enemies to those that were come to be their enemies finding it was lawfull for them before God and the whole world to defend themselves And therefore they prepared for it where at first the Towne of Nurenberg made up twenty foure strong Companies of foote that carried in their Colours the twenty foure letters of the Alphabet which they ordained for a supply for his Majesties Army that their City might be the better watched for they resolved their best remedy against feare was not to feare at all since they had Gustavus and his Fortunes under God for their Leader And therefore they were assured of deliverance from their enemies with the losse of a little mony and the

having taken in before their noses their Armie being neere unto him Eynbeck and divers places more and then having recreued his Armie againe out of Westfalia he then marched on Stoade and relieved it before Generall Tott his nose that lay before it and about it and all things succeeding still well with him he not alone relieved the Towne in making the Swedens to quit it but also cut off unto them fifteene hundred men which were but Novices being new levied and he did get divers colours of theirs as Trophees of his victorie amongst others he did get three colours of Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment which were then led by Captaine Francis Sinclaire who after a little skirmish had with the enemie their powder being spent and they environed by the horsemen knowing of no reliefe tooke quarters for the Souldiers and the Officers were prisoners being long kept unrelieved at Minden above a yeare and a halfe but the Captaine having ransom'd himselfe came loose soone after he was taken but two Lievetenants Monro and Ensigne Monro remained eighteen moneths longer in prison Papenhaim after relieving of Stoade having gotten intelligence that Duke Francis Carolus of Saxon Lovanburg had come to the Swedens with two strong Regiments of intention to blocke up Stoade againe the Swedens growing still stronger and stronger so that it was thought Papenhaim was inclosed as in a snare or grinne and which was worse that he was scarce of victuals in the Towne and the Towne not strong enough to hold out he then resolved to quit it taking out with him the Emperiall Garrison that was therein and taking his march againe towards the Weser streame so that he leaving it the Swedens patronizing the Towne they did beset it againe with a Garrison Shortly after this brave fellow rencountring againe with some Hessen troopes he did sore beate them also backe and side By this time Generall Lievetenant Bawtishen had got the Command of the Swedens Army after Generall Tott had quit it who incontinent after followed Papenhaim towards the Weser But this brave fellow Papenhaim not for feare of Bawtish comming but being called by the Infanta for ayde crossed the Weser and comming on the River of Rhine continued his march towards Mastricht to assist the Spaniard in their need This brave Commander as he was full of action so he was still employed and I was sorry he was not of my minde in serving the good cause Papenhaim gone to Mastricht Lunenburg and Generall Bawtish under whom was my brother Colonell Monro of Obstell they returned towards Daderstat which Papenhaim had strongly beset before his going away and they neverthelesse got it in with little paines by reason the Souldiers that were therein being fifteene hundred begunne to mutine and to give themselves over unto the Swedens service after this they commanded some forces to blockquer Wolfembittle wherein the Duke of Lunenburg in person was employed And Generall Major King being with some forces employed on a Poste apart the Duke hearing the enemie was marching strong for the reliefe of the Towne he did breake up and marched away for his owne safetie without advertizing Generall Major King of the danger he was left unto by the enemies approaching so strong till in the end they came so neere to the Generall Majors Poste having no conshaft of them till they had strongly invironed him with their horsemen so that the Generall Major finding no passage open he being pursued did valourously with a few men defend themselves till in end being weakest they were made to yeeld where after divers wounds honourably received the Generall Major was taken prisoner and kept long under cure till that after he ransomed himselfe and being come loose againe he levied more Forces of horse and foote for the Swedens service to be the better revenged of his enemies and after that fortunately and valourously behaved himselfe with the generall applause as well of strangers as of his Country-men being also well reported of by his very enemies so that since his vertues and noble carriage have still advanced his credit which for my part I wish to continue he being now Lievetenant Generall Having thus farre spoken of the passages which occurred by this time in the neather Saxon Creitzis I returne againe to shew the rest of our intelligence at Nurenberg come from the Bishopricke of Tryer on the Rhine where also on divers occasions did passe some rare accidents This Bishop having concluded a Neutralitie with his Majestie of France as also with his Majestie of Sweden but seeing the Spanish not to remove neither yet that the principalls of the Gentry of the Land were willing to embrace the Neutralitie Neverthelesse the Bishop remained in his former resolution and the Strength called vulgarly Hermensteyne he gives it to the French so that they being so neere in neighbour-hood to the Spaniard in Coblentz they did agree together as Catts and Ratts in the end the French seeing the Spanish Garrison growing weake day by day the Swedens by vertue of their confederacie with the French they came in for their owne hand as third men and drawing before Coblentz after a short beleaguering they make the Spaniard quit it and getting of the Citie a summe of money they remove giving the Citie over unto the French the Spaniard after losing of Coblentz Mountebowre Engers and other places thereabouts belonging to the Bishopricke of Tryer they goe their wayes The Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne being by this time sent by his Majestie from Nurenberg towards the Rhine streame to make resistance to the Emperialists beginnings there comming towards Trarbach on the Mosell with his Forces being the passe the Spaniard was wont to crosse at to come unto the Paltz after a short beleaguering he got in the Towne and Castle by Accord and then retired unto the Maine to draw more Forces together and from thence continued his march towards Manheim● of intention to joyne with the Duke of Wirtenberg for to make resistance to Ossa and the Emperialists which were recollecting themselves strongly in Elsas againe having understood Ossa was joyned with three Regiments of the Catholique League the Grave Fon Brunckhurst his Regiment of horse as also the free Here Fo● Rollingen his Regiment and Colonell Metternight his Regiment of foote which were levied for the defence of Coblentz but shortly after through the alteration that happened in those quarters were brought unto Elsas and being joyned to twenty-five Companies of Horse and some Regiments more of foote they crossed the Rhine unto Turloch and further unto Brittenie where they compell'd the Swedens Garrison there being two hundred to take service of them and then plundered out the Towne burnt the Ports and demolished a part of the walles being in Wirtenberg-land The Grave Fon Mountecucule was Generall over these folkes who perceiving that the Duke of Wirtenberg with some new levied Forces had passed over Kinbis he retired upon Kintlingen and s●aling the Towne puts three hundred

Lyon of the North the invincible Gustavus who in glory and dignity did farre surpasse all his enemies as is cleered by his former wisdome in Governing his victories and hereby his great care and diligence in preserving his friends from the fury of their enemies exercising his Army within a close Leaguer to handle their Armes well after his owne new discipline being taught to keepe their faces to their enemies in retiring as in advancing never turning backs on their enemies as of old It is also to be admired the great provision this City was provided with being no Sea-towne as of victualls and Amunition where it was reported that they had oates which was distributed to the Army that had bin kept above a hundred yeares and this City was ever from the beginning renowned for their wisdome and policy in counsell more then for their force in Armes from whence did come the Dutch Proverbe that he who had the wit of Nurenberg the money of Vlme the pride of Ausburg with the power of Venice might doe much in this world Here then at Nurenberg as at a safe bay his Majesty like unto a wise Master of a ship perceiving the storme coming on casts out his best Anckers riding out the storme till it blowes over and then finding the Gale to favour him he lanches forth to looke for his enemies For his Majesty knew well when it was time to give a blow as he did know the surest way to ward and hold off a blow and we see here his Majesties counsell was of much worth to the good of the City as his power in Armes so that his very enemies did not only praise his wisdome but oftimes did admire it and as the enemy did strive to starve us his Majesty knew well that such a strong Army as they were in the dogge-dayes lying in the Leaguer in time of so great infection betime would become neere as weake as we were As also his Majesty knowing the evill that is incident to all Armies through idlenesse he pressed to keepe us still in handling and exercising our Armes for he knew well mans nature was like Iron that did rust when it was not used and on the contrary he knew that well exercised Souldiers as he had would desire to fight when Novices as his enemies had would be afraid to stirre out of their Leaguers for oftimes it is not the multitude doth the turne but it is Art begets victory Having spoken in the discharge of this duty of the actions of some worthy personages I minde here to observe somewhat in commemoration of the persons worths that did leade them First then we see that the Spaniard divers times was forced with little credit to retire out of the Paltz and that in respect he never 〈◊〉 faces about in making use of ground Cannon Pike or Musket which proves his retreates to have bin dishonourable and the Leaders to have bin no Souldiers For we presuppose in foure dayes retreat the defender could once have made choise of ground where making use of his Cannon his enemies would be glad they had not advanced so 〈◊〉 but rather that they had suffered them to passe but an enemy once feared never fights well except extremity make him desperate and then it is not safe to deale with him Likewise we see here as they were not all Spaniards that ●●ed so they were not all Swedens that followed so that we finde there are some good of all Nations but it is certaine that at such times the worth and valour of a Leader is best knowne not only in fighting examplary to others but specially in directing others We see here that the turbulent insurrection of the Boores in Schwabland is soone stilled when they want a head to leade them where we see the giddy-headed multitude doth ever wagge like the bush for though sometimes they grow pale for feare they are so impudent that they never blush at their faults though oftimes they are well corrected for their errors Here also we see the valour and policy of Duke Barnard much to be commended as a prudent Commander in all his enterprizes overcoming more by wit and policy then by dint of Armes For though resolution never failes yet by stratagems he overcomes more then by killing and being victorious he did shew his clemency that another time his enemies might yeeld the sooner unto him seeing he had used these well whom formerly he had subdued and this Cavalier being noble according to his birth he knew that the strength of victory consisteth in the using of it well which made hime ever give the better quarters for as he was noble to make him the more noble he was indued with reason so that he conjoined Nobility with Vertue which made his worth much esteemed of and though he was descended of noble Progenitors yet his minde raised him above his condition he being fit to command Armies and his birth did beget the greatest obedience next unto his Majesty over the whole Army being resolute noble and prudent withall In the former discourse had of the acts of that noble and worthy Cavalier though our enemy Papenhaim his name merits to be inregistred for his valorous courage extraordinary diligence in his expeditions and the fortunate successe that did accompany his valorous conduct at divers times even unto his death This noble Cavalier was so generous that nothing seemed difficult unto him fearing nothing not death it selfe once resolved and as he was valiant so he was most diligent in all his expeditions for while he lived those Armies next unto him were never suffered to sleepe sound which made his Majesty of Sweden esteeme more of him alone then of all the Generalls that served the Emperour wishing one day he might rancounter with him to try his valour whom he honoured so much though his enemy This valorous Captaine after the Battaile of Leipsigh was the first that adventured with a single Convoy to passe through his Majes●ies Armies unto the neather Saxon Creitz to put life in the cause being come againe betwixt his Majesty of Sweden and home desirous to gaine credit he delaied no time but on the contrary used all diligence till he got an Army of old Souldiers together out of the Garrisons and then began to take advantage of his enemies catching them unawares like a valiant Captaine and Chieftaine he suffered no grasse to grow where his Army did tread but traversed from one place to another adding and augmenting still to his owne credit but diminishing and substracting from the reputation of other Generalls till he obtained the name and fame of the most valiant and most vigilant Generall that served the Emperour being in effect more furious sometimes in his conduct then requisit for a Generall fearing nothing but the indignation of his Superiour whom he served valianty and truely This kinde of bouldnesse though haply it doth prosper for a time yet sometimes in others it may overwhelme all the

become wise first by thinking what is past and in whose time of their Predecessours things were best governed Secondly he must diligently observe the good to come what can be profitable for him and what not that he may eschew the evill to come and embrace the good Thirdly he should observe the good customes and lawes past being provident mindfull understanding reasonable diligent tractable expert and cunning and he must consider foure good things What is his aime The way and manner he aimes at The person aiming And those he governes XII A Souldier without letters is like a ship without a Rudder or like a bird without feathers but having letters he findes wherewith he can be made wiser finding out by letters courage and many other great helpes to governe and direct those aright whom he commands neither is that fortune in the world to be had where out of letters his knowledge may not be bettered if he be but painfull for being lettered he can strictly keepe under the cruell and defend lawes without terrour temperating them to his minde the meeke also he can civilly admonish and the deceitfull he can wisely goe about and the simple he can handle with lenity shewing his prudency in all his actions foreseeing all dangers which may happen Therefore we see that science to a man of warre is a brave Mistresse teaching him to doe all things as they did in old times XIII It is a hard matter when the diligent and industrious Souldier is disappointed of his hire and that he is rewarded with injury who did merit better This of all evills is most insufferable that he who deserveth a reward should be frustrate of his hopes for reward is due unto valiant Captaines and Souldiers that were instruments in chiefe of victory glory and honour as Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were in forcing the passage to the Castle of Vertzberg who neverthelesse were frustrate of reward and therefore I cannot but allow of the resolution of Sir Iohn Hamilton being no Souldier of Fortune that tooke his Passe of the Sweden for being frustrate of the reward of his vertue seeing those disdained that did merit best Where we see that a gentle heart being crossed contrary to reason doth presently resent his wrongs pointing out to the world that he is not the man that can suffer or swallow a seene injury done to him and his Nation XIIII It is better to feare evill preparing our selves for danger then through too much security and contempt of the enemy to suffer our selves to be overcome for it is dangerous to have to doe with a desperate body seeing necessity maketh those that are fearefull to become stout and those who feare no dangers are easily lost as witnesseth the death of the Invincible King of Sweden and those dangers ought to be eschewed from whence ariseth greatest evill and experience hath taught us that nothing is more dangerous in warres then to fight great battailes on unequall termes as witnesseth the dolefull battaile fought at Nerling in August 1634. After which losse those that should have fought for their country their wives and children did prove feeble cowards viz. the German Princes Saxon Brandeburg Lunenburg with the rest of the Gentrie giving occasion to others that came to helpe them for to leave them It is no wonder then they be plagued themselves wishing helpe another time when justly they cannot have it having rewarded their helpers so ill as they have done and through their covetousnesse and niggardly sparing bin the cause and instruments of their owne overthrowes and of the losse of the cause being I feare the fore-runners of their Successours punishment which I wish may not happen XV. Before the fall of Kingdomes arise dissensions that overthrow the confederates more than their enemies as it happened here in our late warres of Germanie after the death of his Majestie of Sweden the Dutch Princes especially Saxon slighting his Excellencie the Rex-chancellour of Sweden and his Directorium as Supreame calling him disdainfully a Pedant or a Penman So that wee see that dissension or discord amongst the Superiours was the first cause of the suddaine losse of Nerling Next wee see that the Countrie was destroyed not onely for their sinnes but also for not punishing of sinne For after his Majesties death what punishment was to be seene in our Armie none at all when our owne horsemen plundered their friends not being punished they began to intercept Letters and to robbe the common Poste and to hinder the Countries correspondencie and common traffique which being overseene and winked at by our Generalls they begun then to plunder the Chancelours owne waggons abusing his servants and taking his baggage thereafter the strongest amongst themselves set the weakest party to foote taking away their horses till at last the whole Armie refused to obey the Director and his Concilium formatum lying idle for three moneths in Donavert Leaguer suffering the enemie to over-runne the Countrie and all because that the Officers alleadg'd after his Majesties death that the Scriveners who followed the Chancelour were in better esteeme than the Cavaliers that had done notable good service unto his Majestie so that through this jealousie the Armie came in disorder being the first change and the rest piece and piece did follow till at last the whole Armie was lost through the number of wrongs that went before in the end custome and use of wrongs infected the nature it selfe and the lacke or want of punishment and the libertie and freedome which was given to offend at last the ruine of families that were famous did follow for not punishing of sinne We see then when a potent King and Heroique as Gustavus was in the time hee did live all things florished in a good order but he once gone the Cōmon-wealth was punished for their former sinnes committed in time of their plentie and peace when they had their heaven upon earth as other Nations ●ave now who ought to looke unto themselves in time lest that the Lord raise not up an other Heroique to make them to be punished as other Nations have bin to the eversion of great Cities as Magdeburg and divers others for when the publique burthens doe grow then Governements doe change as w●s seene here for lawes being cast away and discipline put in fetters then suddenly did follow change and great ruine after the Kings death of worthy memorie XVI Nothing loses more as we see the common cause than the want of authoritie in one person as was formerly said of the Saxons jealousie over the Rex-chancelors Governement Also the same fault was seene in the Armie under Commanders as at Nerling betwixt Supreme Officers as also betwixt their inferiours who for want of one Supreme Commander as Gustavus was they could not agree among themselves Likewise the dissension and jealousie betwixt Duke Barnard and the Rhinegrave helpes nothing to the furtherance of the good cause being both brave Commanders though

Guards admonishing them to be carefull against out-falls on the Trenches Batteries or Guards giving orders to the Captaine of the Watches to receive the enemie falling out with a strong b●die of Pikes and Muskets closse together to beate them backe being received with Pikes charged bravely flancked and lined with shot which being done to advance their workes againe night and day till the enemy be forced to Accord In the night also a sufficient Sergeant being seconded by another stout fellow should creepe to the Graffe with two halfe-Pikes for to wade through to know the shallowest parts being helpt thereto by some knowne Boore who might give certaintie of the enemies strength within and of their defects they have of victualls Amunition fire or water As also to know their private sorting-Ports to watch their out-commings he ought also to learne what draw-bridges are within and what Portcullis and what store of victualls or Amunition is to be had within in case the Strength be pregnable that he may the better make his Accord Also he ought to learne what Artillery or Armes are within and what Caducks or what number of Horses pertaining to the enemie and what other riches they have and where kept or if otherwise the Towne be not taken by Accord or strength of hand we must strive to force it to yeeld by hunger or by lacke of fire or water or otherwise by throwing Artificiall fire amongst them with Cannon or with other fiery Engins fiering their houses or spoyling their Watches on their Posts or Guards as also we must deale by fraud to convey private Letters unto them for deboysing the Inhabitants to resist the Garrison in making either Port or Post good while as the pursuer intends to fall on on storme o● breach Likewise the pursuer had neede to dispose well of his owne watches without that he be not surprized his hooffe-watch particular watches reserves or by-watches are to be still in readinesse to attend the enemies out-falling lest he may cut off his Guards or spoyle his Cannon by nayling of them or by burning their Carriages or Amunition being disgracefull in the highest manner as oft-times hath hapned to unprovident and sluggish Commanders who have unwisely despised their enemies An enemy being in the Field either with a strong partie or Armie a sufficient Commander must be carefull in recognoscing the Field about him for taking his advantage of the ground in advancing to an enemie as also in spying his advantage in case he be put to a Retreat that he may the better retire in order not being put to rout as our Armie was at Nerling which never hapned unto them before during the time I served the Sweden As also being in the Field he ought to observe where most conveniently he can plant his Ordnance as Generall Tillie did at Leipsigh and as the Emperialists did on the Hill at Nurenberg as also at Nerling For Ordnance being planted with advantage is oft-times the winning of the Field and the losse of Artillery is ever reputed and holden for a defeate although both foote and horse be preserved There is also advantage of ground very requisit to be taken by foote against foote as the advantage of hights passages woods hedges ditches as also the advantage of Sunne and Winde with you and against your enemie which his Majestie of worthy memory did strive to get at Leipsigh against the Emperialists Likewise it is a great advantage of ground when one of both the Armies is brought to that inconvenience that they cannot come to fight but the one Armie may be forced to come up but by Divisions while as the other by advantage of the ground may receive them with full Battailes of horse and foote the one to second the other and this advantage Gustavus Horne did get of the Emperialists while as he retired before them unto Vertenberg-land in March 1633. the enemy not being able to pursue our Armie but with great disadvantage which freed us of them for that time he being stronger than we and afterward the Rhinegraves Forces come from Alsas being joyned with us we made the Emperialists againe retire over the Danube unto Schwaland at the passe of Munderken where we came within Cannon-shot yet they getting the passe retired in safetie as they did another time from us out of Schwabland unto Bierland having got the passe before us at Kempten and afterward over the Eler in Schwabland having I say got the passe before us they were safe and we frustrate So that the advantage of ground is of great importance in warres as I have often knowne by experience especially before the Hill at Nurenberg Likewise a wise Commander being defender must observe all Circumstances as he did in pursuing for his owne safetie he must also being defender beset well all passes and frontier Garrisons whereupon the enemie must passe to come unto him having timely recognosced the same that it may either be beset by him or otherwise being found more advantagious for the enemie it would then be timely demolished As also your enemies Armie or strong partie being drawne up in the field you are to recognosce both his strength and order by the sight of your eye before you intend to pursue him where you are to consider how he can advance to you or you to him without disorder but doe you never pursue except with advantage though you shall be deemed by others to be remisse but rather suffer him to be gone than to take the disadvantage of pursute since time will alter any thing and he that preserves an Armie will doubtlesse finde a convenient time to fight And it had beene good for the Evangelists in Dutchland that this point had beene more wisely lookt unto at Nerling than it was for they might have saved their Armie and Countrey both had they not presumed with disadvantage in their owne strength and courage where GOD the disposer of hearts made their pride suffer a great fall A short Observation to be observed in Garrison ENtering the place before all things you are to visit the Posts and being duely recognosced the round or circuit should be measured and then the Posts to be dealt proportionably according to the severall strengths that no man have just cause to complaine The posts then orderly and well beset there should be orders given for by-watch or reserve where to stand in readinesse whether on the Market-place or some other convenient part having sufficient Officers ever to command them who must be kept to strictnesse of dutie left they should be to seeke when honour were to be maintained while as on Alarum they were to repaire to poste street or wall to resist the enemie and to succourse the weaknesse of any accident might befall by pursute or fire or to resist enemies within or without being as well on continuall Guard against the Inhabitants in case of uproares or treacherie as against their outward enemies since no enemy is so

to give in our Rolles for mustering of us that his Majestie might know what losse we had sustained on service and that those that served well might be rewarded we mustered sicke and whole neere nine hundred men under Armes besides Officers having lost on service foure hundred men that were killed in the place and taken in our retreate Before our coming to muster Newes was come to his Majestie of the losse of the Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten Stathoulder Ransowe his chiefe residence where Major Dumbarre did command and was killed The particulars of this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged The Major being killed I having discharged the duty in his absence by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour I had Patent given me under his Majesties hand and Seale as Major to the Regiment as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad being vacant through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh was also disposed unto me and orders were given unto the Commissary that mustred us according to my Patent to place me as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment which all duely obeyed by the Commissary the Drummer Major accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment being commanded beate a bancke in head of the Regiment The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand makes a speech signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand as the Colonell did Lievetenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment wishing me joy with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska which ceremony ended the Regiment marched off by companies unto their severall quarters as before The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters the Officers were appointed the next day to meete at the Colonells quarter to receive money and to understand further of the Colonells resolution concerning the standing of the Regiment At their returne the next day they received two monthes pay for the Officers and one moneths pay for the Soldateska with promise of winter clothes But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle clad themselves honestly which made them want commisse clothes Yet none of us could say but we served a liberall and a bountifull Master the money first payed by the Commissaries they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regiment whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie which they needed not to use getting willingly from the Boores both meate and mony with some clothes Neverthelesse there were alwayes amongst the one and the other some churlish Rascalls that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money for discharging his duety for neither Officer nor Souldier escaped due punishment that was once complained on untill such time as his Majestie was satisfied with justice and the party offended Thus continuing in our duety the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland and for the most part the Captaines went themselves leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe did go unto Holland I being left to command the Regiment the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey Captaine Anna●e Captaine Monro of Obstell Captaine Forbesse Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Iohn Monro and Lievetenant Robert Stewart the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring for leavying a company also They being gone I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resident at Odensee in Funeland who immediatly after their going away commanded me to take my quarters in Assens where we kept our watch seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse who should give out the orders in the Garrison which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison three or foure on each side were killed To prevent this disorder the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre the businesse considered the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens and the command of the Garrison was given unto me Notwithstanding whereof our enmity with the horsemen did continue a long time till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment so that by that time the coldnesse removed we lived at more quiet during my being there which was not long The eighth Observation FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army nor with the losse of the halfe of his country but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country and good of his Subjects he with expedition drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity As also to encourage his Subjects that through feare were on the flight by water unto other Nations carrying their substance with them feare comming unawares having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade fame dispersing the rumours of the losse much worse then it was the people were so afraid and so fearefull that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde no not their sleepe they trembled at the present miseries that might but come they were anticipated in a more horrid habit then any enemy could put them unto meeting with evill before it came making things but probable as certaine as when one may sit even in a boate he is in no danger yet through feare stirring he may drowne himselfe and others as we see often in battell that the valiant man constantly keeping his ranke doth live when as the feeble coward by stooping thinking to save his life he loses it when the brave soule knowes no trembling Caesar spake like Caesar when he bad the Marriners feare nothing And this invincible and Magnanimous King though ruffled by Caesar yet he encourages his subjects by exhorting them to feare nothing going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers he being the first many times ingaged and the last coming off casting as it were through his valour a kinde of honour upon God believing in his goodnesse casting himselfe in danger trusting and confiding in his care onely Not like an unworthy coward that ecliples his sufficiency unworthily doubting that God will bring him off unjustly accusing God his power or his will making himselfe his owne Saviour he becomes his owne confounder But this magnanimous King setting

his care upon God and using the lawfull meanes for his country and kingdomes preservation winning the love of God and of his subjects establisheth himselfe and his Throne in despight of his enemies Here also I have observed that good service done to a noble and liberall Master as this King was cannot be without reward Therefore let the servant deserve and the Master will recompence if he be such a just Master as we served where both loved each others for their generous worthinesse Who ever then is a servant if he suppose his lot hard let him thinke on the other part that service is nothing els but a free mans calling and comfort himselfe with the example of Kings that are but servants though more splendid for the common-weale and as this King our royall Master served for his country let us that are servants serving strangers serve truely where we serve for our countries credit our owne weale and our eternall fame which must live after us This magnanimous King through the experience he had of our former true service is desirous to have more of our countrimen to serve him as we may see by the new employment laid on our Colonell and his Officers Also on divers other Noblemen of our country to bring unto him three other Regiments as Nidesdale Spynie and Murckles Regiments we being the first that shewed them the way to be employed by his Majesty Here I will exhort all brave Cavaliers of minde to follow the laudable profession of Armes not to grudge though their advancement or preferment come not at first but with patience to awaite on Gods blessing since preferment comes neither from the East nor from the west But it is the blessing of the Lord given by man as the reward of vertue Who ever then would be famous by preferment let him first study to be diligent and vertuous in his calling and then doubtlesse God will dispose of him as he thinketh best for his owne Glory Here we see that the Barron of Fowles of worthy memory thought it no disparagement at first to follow my Lord of Rhey and his Regiment as a voluntier till he had seene some service and attained unto some experience and then beginning with a company coming at last with credit to be Colonell over horse and foote and that to animate others of his name and kindred to follow his example rather to live honourably abroade and with credit then to encroach as many do on their friends at home as we say in Scotland leaping at the halfe loafe while as others through vertue live nobly abroade served with silver plate and attendance Officers of one Regiment ought to live as brethren together not envying one anothers advancement entertaining no other emulation then the emulation of vertue every one serving truely in their Stations till such time occasion may be offered for their advancement by degrees for though their patience may be the longer their credits will be the more and their contentments at last will make them forgo and forget their former toyle and disturbances having come to their proposed marke though not altogether to their wished end Here also we see that good discipline is requisite for keeping good order that as vertue is rewarded so vice may be punished as we may see by the institution of the Emperiall lawes whereof one we reade constitute by the Emperor Frederick the second in the code of Iustinian bearing that the labourers of the ground might live peaceably with assurance over all staying in their villages labouring the ground so that no man should be so bold as to presume to take any such men prisoners or to offer them any violence in destroying their Beastyall or in takeing their goods from them condemning them to death that did contemne or violate his ordinance And Cyrus going to warre commanded no man should trouble the labourers Xerxes commanded the like saying the warres were against those that caried Armes not against Shepheards Bellisarius that brave Commander under the Emperour Iustinian was so strict against souldiers that troubled the Boores that the souldiers going by the fruityards durst not throw downe one Apple and for his good order kept victualls were cheaper in the Campe then in Townes Procopius in his third booke of the Gothes warres in Italy reports that Totilas King of the Gothes observed the same strict discipline in Italy suffring the Boores untroubled for paying the contribution Nicephor Gregorius affirmed that while as in the front of an Army marched insolency and violence orderly came in the reare defeate and ruine And now a dayes the Turkes do observe stricter discipline in their Armies then Christians do in so much that their Captaines must not suffer their Souldiers to goe into Orchards or Vineyards as they march by And as order is necessary in an Army so it is in a Regiment requisit to be kept and punishment also to be used for banishing all villany from a Regiment as Gluttony Drunkenesse Whoredome Opression Playing Diceing Roaring Swaggering for it is not seemely that those who should overcome others should suffer themselves to be overcome with any such notorious vices neither ought a brave fellow to vaunt of his valour since it is not tolerable to kill men with words without coming unto blowes But he that comports himselfe modestly is to be commended Here also we see that the Emulation and stri●e begunne amongst Superiours and Officers of quality brings at last the same amongst their inferiours and followers as was seene in the disorders and quarrelling betwixt our Souldiers and the Rhinegraves horsemen which was wisely prevented and taken away by the wisdome of their Commanders that carried mutuall love and respect to each others for the mutuall good deserving of both Officers which was the chiefe instrument of their reconcilement and taking away of their jarres and idle quarrelling arising of oftentation an unworthy fruit growing out of Dunghills withering faster then it groweth their jarres thus once removed thereafter our love waxed so great that where we chanced both to be on one service as at Wolgast where we stood in neede of helpe the Rhinegraves Regiment especially Rutmaster Hoomes under God made our Retreate safe as you shall heare in its owne place Here also I cannot passe over with silence the love that ordinarily is seene betwixt Officers and their followers being once put under good discipline they will undergo any thing for love of their Commanders and Leaders who have taken paines and diligence in excercising them in the perfect use of their Armes and in leading them bravely on occasions before their enemies in making with exercise their bodies strong and their hearts valiant then I say what will they not undertake for the love of their Leaders Truely I must confesse they will stand a thousand times more in awe to incurre their Officers wrath whom once they loved through love than in any wise thorough feare of any punishment that may be enjoyned unto them