them and that in that of Coulam was the burying place of Sibila Indica by whose advice King Perimal of Ceylon went to the Coast of Mascate to meet the other two Kings that were going to adore Christ newly born at Bethlehem That the same King at the Intreaty of the Sibil brought her the Picture of the Blessed Virgin which was kept in the same Tomb. This was the Invention of the Relicts of that Heavenly Messenger in India And gave occasion to build the City at this time called S. Thomas a Portugues Colony in the Port of Paleacate seven Leagues from the Ruins of the most ancient Meliapor CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses from the Year 1522 till the Year 1524 King John then reigning 1. ANtony de Miranda de Azevedo was this year Commander of the Fort of Pacem in the Island Sumatra On the Western Coast of this Island are six Moorish Kingdoms The chief was that of Pedir to which were subject those of Achem and Daga But falling to War that of Achem gained the Superiority He of Pedir took the protection of our Fort against his ill Fortune D. Andres Enriquez then commanded it sent to that Post from Portugal with D. Duarte de Meneses 2. The Tyrant of Achem scoured the Sea and Land with a great Power till coming to the City Pedir he endeavoured to draw to his snare the King who had taken the Portugues Protection To compass his Design he prevailed with the Men of that City to write a Letter to the King telling him he might safely come thither his Enemy being already expelled and that he might easily destroy him with the assistance of the Portuguses He gave credit to the letter desired the assistance of the Commander who gave him eighty Portugueses and two hundred Moors commanded by his Brother D. Emanuel in small Vessels of Oars The King marched along the Shore with above a thousand armed Elephants He was received at Pedir with feigned Joy and a Design to take him Prisoner that night which was deferred to secure the Portugueses The King being informed of the danger next day fled with two Elephants and some Men. The Portugueses were left on the Shore exposed to the Enemies Darts and Arrows D. Emanuel and thirty five of them were killed the rest fled With this loss D. Andres lost also the hopes of maintaining the Fort. He asked Provisions of Raphael Perestello who was at Charigam the chief Port of Bengala Dominick Seixas was immediately sent with a Ship who was stopped by thirty Portugueses who were turned Pirates in that Sea commanded by Games Iago Seixas landed at Tenacari to get Provisions and one Brito making himself Captain of the Pyrats Gago being dead and flying with a Vessel that was laden in the Port left Seixas and seventeen Portugueses ashore who were afterwards Slaves in the Kingdom of Siam Such is the Fate of those who trust them that have violated all human and divine Laws 3. D. Andres advertised the Governor of the Condition he was in desiring a Successor to command the Fort Lope de Azevedo was sent to whom he would not deliver the Post through Covetousness of acquiring more having already gained much there Azevedo returned to India The King of Achem over-runs all that Country with Fire and Sword enters the City Pacem with fifteen thousand Men and summons D. Andres to quit the Fort. He after sustaining three Assaults to save the Riches he had there withdraws leaving the Command to his Brother-in law Ayres Coello who couragiously took upon him this danger he saw the other shun But the Sea forced back D. Andres to the danger he avoided 4. D. Andres sailing for India met Sebastian de Sousa and Martin Correa with two Ships bound for the Island Banda to load Spices Sousa came from Madagascar whither he was sent by King Emanuel to build a Fort in Port Matatane which was not executed because the Ship wherein were the Materials for the Work was cast away These two Captains hearing by D. Andres the Condition of Pacem went directly to that Port. Ayres Coello had then stood a furious Assault with loss of a Post. The Enemy seeing this Relief abated of their heat and D. Andres after eight days resisting was forced back by the Weather Above eight thousand Enemies one night encompassed the Fort in which were three hundred and fifty Portugueses some sick some wounded and all spent with labour and watching With great silence they applied above seven hundred scaling Ladders and mounted with great Shouts The Dispute was hotly maintained on both sides till some Ships being fired gave light to each other and to level our Cannon which killed many of the Enemy and two Elephants The morning discovered two thousand Men slain about the Fort on our side only one Woman killed by an Arrow in her Chamber The remaining six thousand retired leaving half their scaling Ladders and Fire-works Nevertheless the Difficulties of maintaining the place considered it was resolved in counsel to abandon the Fort shipping all the Men and Goods and then giving fire to the rest The great Cannon were left full of Powder that when the Fire reached them they might burst Most of the Fort was destroyed but the Enemy coming in saved some Cannon which afterwards did us great harm The Portugueses lost some Goods in shipping and embarqued up to the Necks in Water with the Fright losing more Reputation by this Action than they had gained by the former This they were more sensible of when they met at Sea a more powerful Relief sent by our Friend the King of Aru who marched by Land with four thousand Men and Lope de Azevedo from whom D. Andres ill deserved it embarqued at Malaca with Ammunition to come to his Succour Sebastian Sousa prosecuted his Voyage to Banda and the Tyrant Achem followed the Fortune which had raised him above his own Hopes 5. At this time Martin Alfonso de Melo Coutino was gone for China not knowing what had been done by the Portugueses at Quantung He had four Ships and two joined them by the way They sent ashore for fresh Water and returned with Blood the Chineses being in Arms to receive them This drew them to a Battel in which most of the Portugueses perished some drowned some torn by the Cannon and some taken part whereof died miserably in the Prison at Quantung and twenty three were cut in peices as Spies and Robbers the last part of the Accusation being the truest Martin Alphonso and Duarte Coello returned to India 6. All things cannot be exactly related in order as they happened Malaca was streightned by the King of Bintam who sent a greater power against it and George de Albuquerque what he could against him under the Command of D. Sancho Enriquez whilst they prepared for a Sea-Fight there arose a violent storm which destroyed seventy Portugueses the whole being two hundred the Remainder escaped Let us
were come from Portugal with great Supplies This Invention endangered Nuno for Badur resolved to murder him first that he might not come to the Relief of the Fort when Sousa was killed He writ to him desiring he would come to Diu about important Affairs Nuno tho he knew his wicked Designs made no difficulty of going He set out of Goa on the ninth of Ianuary and with what Vessels he carried and followed him appeared there with near three hundred Sail. 3. He put in at Chaul and found that Nizamaluco induced thereto by Badur had been there with eight thousand Men pretending it was to divert his Women at Sea but in reality with an ill design on that place which was disappointed by the care of Simon Guedez who commanded there At Baâ—…aim he took up his Brother-in-law Antony de Silveyra a Man of great worth and left in his place Ruy Vaz Pereyra 4. King Badur was at that time in the mountains hunting Nuno sent to visit him but he who let slip no opportunity now especially prevented him by sending to him first one Iohn de Santiago not long before a Christian but fallen again and become a Favourite of Badur by the name of Frangue Cham. Cuna was indisposed and feigned himself worse so lying off of Diu he sent to excuse himself to the King for not landing immediately The King feigning great Friendship presently enters into a Boat in which he had sent Nuno a Present of Venison There went with him thirteen Men of Quality and Emanuel de Sousa who had carried the last Message from Nuno de Cuna to him He received him aboard the Galeon in the best manner he could Being seated they discoursed of indifferent things but the King was surprised to see a Page whisper Nuno de Cuna and it was a Message from Emanuel de Sousa who believing he was to be there secured or killed sent word that some Captains were waiting his Orders The King was somewhat quieter seeing Cuna did not mind the Page and soon rose and went away Cuna had thought it strange that Sousa did not secure the King when he had him in the Fort alone and now having him aboard the Gallion he did not detain him Nuno ordered all the Officers to accompany the King first and then Emanuel de Sousa to the Fort where he proposed to secure the King when he came to visit him as the King on the other side had resolved to seize him at a dinner he had a design to invite him to and send him to the great Turk in a Cage 5. Emanuel de Sousa was going to invite the King to the Fort while Nuno de Cuna got thither He came up with the King 's Catur or Barge and made the offer by the means of Rume Cham who at the sametime advised the King not to go because he suspected they would secure him He slighted the Caution and bid Sousa come into his Barge who stepping over fell into the Sea but being taken up the Officers who came with him carried him to the King At the same time came up another of our Barges and some Gentlemen who seeing Emanuel de Sousa entred hastily into the Kings He suspecting their hasty coming aboard together with the Caution given by Rume Cham ordered his Officers to kill Emanuel de Sousa Iames de Mesquita understanding it flew at and wounded the King whilst they killed that valiant Captain There was a bloody Fray in which four of our Gentlemen were killed having slain seven of the Enemy Other of our Barges coming up received some damage from a Page who shot several with the King's Bow till killed with a Musquet Ball. Three of the King's Ships came up to rescue him He seeing the danger began to fly but was stopped by a Cannon shot which killed three of his Men that rowed The King thought now to escape by swimming but being in danger of drowning cried out discovering who he was Tristan de Payva de Santarem coming up reached out to him an Oar to bring him aboard his Vessel when a Soldier struck him cross the Face with a Halberd and so others till he was killed He was a little while above Water and then sunk and neither his nor Emanuel de Sousa his Body could be found tho Nuno de Cuna caused them to be diligently looked after to give them the due Funeral Honors 6. Most of the Citizens from the Walls beheld this Engagement and no sooner was the News of the King's Death spread but they began to abandon the City in such confusion that many were trampled to death running hastily to save life The fear was that Nuno de Cuna would fall upon the City for the Plunder but he soon quieted them with publick Proclamations Such as had not fled stayed and those who had returned He was seen to enter the Town unarmed comforting the Inhabitants and restraining the Avarice of his Men so that not the least Disorder was committed Then he went to the Fort. 7. He gave the Command of the Fort to Antony de Silveyra Meneses his Brother-in-law whom he brought from Baâ—…aim and the Sequel shewed it was his Worth not Kindred that procured him that Post. Payâ—… Rodiguez de Araujo was appointed his Lieutenant The Queen Mother was retired to Navanaguer Nuno de Cuna sent to comfort her and demonstrate the death of her Son had been of his own seeking but she would not hear the Messenger What was found in the Palace in Gold and Silver did not exceed two hundred thousand Pardaos The quantity of Ammunition was to be admired In the Port were one hundred and sixty Vessels some of great bulk No less wonderful was the number of Brass Cannon for that of Iron was not reckoned Among the first were found three Basilisks of such prodigious Greatness that Nuno de Cuna sent one as a rarity to Portugal which is to this day kept in the Castle of S. Iulian at the mouth of the River of Lisbon and called The Gun of Diu. 8. Among the dead King's Papers and those of Abdel Cader his Treasurer were found Letters from Saf Cham containing the progress he had made towards bringing the Turks upon the Portugueses and Copies of others from the King to those of Aden and Xael to the same purpose Nuno having gathered these and other Testimonies against the King called Coje Zofar a Man in great repute among the Mahoâ—…etans and Gentils who gathered the principal Merchants and Caziâ—…es that is Teachers of the Law Before all these the Governor produced the Letters and other Testimonials which convinced the wicked Designs of the King and justified all his own Proceedings in that Affair All the Moors and Pagans confessed themselves fully satisfied as to the Justice of the Action and accordingly gave him Certificates thereof in the Arabian and Persian Languages signed by Coje Zofar and the principal Merchants and Caziçes which were dispersed to the Princes of Decan Narsinga Ormuz and
the two famous Rivers Gambea or rather Rio Grande and Zanaga so called by the Portugueses from a Prince of that Name whom they spoke with when they discovered it it has other names in the several Countries it runs through and makes many Islands most as being uncooth inhabited only by Wild Beasts It is navigable 150 Leagues up where a ridge of perpendicular Rocks crosses it in such manner that the Water falling down forms an Arch under which Travellers pass dry and pleasant to behold but makes a hideous noise with the fall The Gambea or Rio Grande runs 180 Leagues and carries more Water it is not all Navigable but runs with less noise though filled with many Rivers that water the Country Mandinga Both these Rivers flow out of the famous Niger and may as well be esteemed but so many Mouths thereof There is great variety of Fish in these Rivers and several other Creatures along them as Horses Crocodiles and Serpents with Wings the other Beasts that abound are Elephants Ounces Wild Boars and a many more Great are the numbers of them and wonderful their variety and different forms The Waters of the two Rivers mixt cause Vomiting yet each asunder does not In this part is that great Cape called Cabo Verde by Ptolome C. Assinarium in about 14 degrees of North Latitude The Country runs 170 Leagues Eastward is most fruitful and has many populous Cities To Tombotu the Mart of Mandingo Gold resort the Merchants of Grand Cair Tunez Oran Tremisen Fez Morocco and other places This trade moved King Iohn to build the Fort on the River Zanaga The 20 Caravels were commanded by Peter Vaz de Cunna who landing with D. Iohn Bemoi the King and beginning to raise the Fort in the place assigned either suspecting that he deceived him or fearing to die in that Country basely killed the King endeavouring with that Foul Crime to hide another not so hainous which was to return without finishing the Work and in fine he came back without any effect 9. The Congo Embassador being well instructed in the Faith was sent home with three Ships Sono was the first Land they made and arrived safe at Congo They were joyfully received by an Old Lord called Manisono Uncle to that King who desired to be baptized An Altar was erected in the Field and he was admitted to this Sacrament by the name of Manuel and his Son by that of Antony in the presence of 25000 of their People this being the first time that Sacrament was there administred The King of Congo Nephew to this Lord hearing what he had done added to his Estate and caused all the Idols within his Dominions to be destroyed The King made his residence at Ambasse Congo 50 Leagues distant where he received Ruy de Sousa the Portugal Commander on an Ivory Chair placed on a Lofty Throne From the Waste upwards he was naked the lower part wrapt in Sky-colour Damask on the Left Arm a Bracelet of Brass from his Shoulder hung a curious Horse-tail a Royal Badge among them on his Head a thing like a Miter of a delicate Webb made of Palm which resembles wrought Velvet After the Ceremonies he desired to see the Holy Vestments He viewed them with deliberation and respect in presence of his Queen Children and the Chief of the Court. Then he gave leave to build a Church which was done in few days of the invocation of the Holy Cross because begun the day of that Feast in May. In this Church was baptized the King and some of his People there being above 100000 present as well for that they flocked to see the Novelty as because they were preparing for a Neighbouring War The King was called Iohn and the Queen Ellenor in honour of our Sovereigns Afterwards were baptized the greatest part of those had flocked thither The New Christian King went to meet his Enemy relying more on his Conversion and the Cross in the Colours he had received from Ruy de Sousa than in 80000 men he had in Arms nor were his hopes vain he returned with Victory and Ruy de Sousa to Portugal with the honour of having compleated one of the most famous undertakings of this Crown leaving in that Kingdom People capable to labour the New Vineyard 10. Afterwards was baptized the Prince who had been absent in the Wars and called Alfonso Panso Aquitimo the King 's Second Son would not receive the Faith and the Father falling off because as a Christian he could be allowed but one Wife resolved to leave the Crown to the Heathen Aquitimo in wrong of the Prince who continued constant in the Faith Alfonso was abroad in banishment when his Father died but returning to Court was received as King Aquitimo having recourse to the Sword fell upon him when he had but thirty seven Christians as well-Portugueses as Blacks yet under the Banner of the Cross Alfonso overcame a vast multitude of Infidels Aquitimo being taken and then slain A Gentleman that accompanied Aquitimo desired to be baptized immediately declaring they had been overcome by a Glorious Army that was lead by a Cross and not by the thirty seven Christians Alfonso established in peace destroyed all Idols and propagated the Faith with great zeal He sent his Sons Grandsons and Nephews to Portugal to study Two of them were worthily afterwards Bishops in those parts In memory of that Victory and of the first Colours sent this King as also that the Faith was first planted on the day of the invention of the Cross he took for his Arms Gules a Cross Fleury Argent between two Crosses Pattee charged with the Arms of Portugal 11. The beginning of the Year 1493 came into the River of Lisbon Christopher Columbus who brought from an Island guessed to be that of Sipango some Men Gold and great tokens of Riches This Great Man some time before had offered his service to King Iohn who having slighted him then looked on him now with some regret and he provoked him with some extravagant words in revenge of the small regard made of him There were some who offered to kill him as well to punish his Boldness as to conceal from Spain his Discoveries But the King sent him away with honour Columbus was a Genoese and learned Navigation in Portugal he was employed by the King of Spain and he had sent him to the Discovery he now came from King Iohn did not envy the Fortune of Spain but feared that Discovery was part of what the Portugueses had been so long in quest of This caused him to fit out a Fleet commanded by D. Francisco de Almeyda in order to oppose those proceedings judging he had right on his side but it proved not so Several Embassies passed on both sides to agree the business and at last came to a conclusion 12. Though Prince Bemoi was dead the hopes of making a farther progress in that Country about Zanaga died not with him
anchor 8 Leagues below it in a Bay whence spreading his Fleet that no Ship might escape him he took several but was most severe with those of Calicut A Ship of great bulk called Meri belonging to the Sultan of Cayre most richly laden and full of many Moors of Quality who went Pilgrims to Meca fell so unexpectedly into our hands that she was taken without the least resistance and all the Goods shifted into our Ships But when 260 Moors perceived we were going to force the Vessel in which besides them were above 50 Women and Children laying hold of what Weapons were at hand they beat the Boats from the sides a Ship coming to her assistance was almost taken till another relieved it and the Admiral coming up the Enemies Vessel was boarded and after a couragious resistance taken and burnt with all that were in her except twenty Children who were afterwards baptized 4. The Admiral sailed to Cananor and had a meeting with the King upon the Shoar and Persons were appointed to confer about the business of Trade Then he sent a Letter to the King of Calicut signifying to him that the 260 Moors burnt in the Ship were upon account for the Portugueses killed by his People and the twenty Children made Christians for one Portugues turned Mahometan That this was but the earnest of revenge he would soon take upon his City Mean while they differed at Cananor about the Price of Spice and at last some few men were left there to agree the matter and many Threats sent the King for this usage Then he set forward to perform what he had promised at Calicut 5. As he coasted along there met him a Boat and in it four Noblemen sent by Zamori with offers extorted by fear Don Vasco thought they might be advantagious but resenting that the Proposal was to rest content with the dustruction of almost 300 Moors and a rich Ship in satisfaction for the loss of the Portugueses he returned answer that at his arrival he would burn and destroy the City The Fleet spread and took one Ship at anchor and some Boats The King prepared himself but to no purpose for the Cannon playing there was great distraction and confusion He hanged thirty Moors at the Yard Arms then cutting off their Heads Hands and Feet threw them into the Sea to be cast upon the Shoar by the Tide warning them it was but a merciful death to what he designed for the Murderers of the Portugueses Next the Ship taken was fired and then he sailed leaving that Prince and City in a Consternation 6. The King of Cananor through fear granted all he had denied to Entreaties And the Admiral arriving at Cochin and having seen the King perceived it was true as he had been informed that those three Kings had combined to make him winter there by fraud hoping thereby to destroy him finding a Fleet of 200 Sail they had fitted out for that purpose was utterly lost by Storms At length Peace and Amity was concluded with the King of Cochin which proved not only advantagious then but afterwards durable Don Vasco among other Presents gave him a Crown of Gold and he besides many other things of value sent the King a Stone of great worth as being a Sovereign Antidote against all Poyson This Stone of the bigness of a Hazle Nut is found in the Head of that Creature the Indians call Bulgodalf The King of Cananor understanding the good Correspondence there was between Vasco de Gama and him of Cochin and fearing our Fleet would not return to his Port declared he was as ready to comply with the Admiral as the other and received a satisfactory answer Here Don Vasco received Embassadors who said they came from some Christian Inhabitants of that Neighbouring Country the Metropolis whereof was Cranganor and they to the number of 30000 That St. Thomas had preached to their Forefathers that they were subject to the Patriarch of Armenia that they were infested by the Pagans that they knew he was an Officer of the most Catholick King of Europe to whom they submitted themselves delivering into his hands the Rod of Justice This Rod was Red about the length of a Scepter the ends tipt with Silver with three Bells at the top They were dispatched with hopes of a powerful assistance 7. Whilst the Ships were lading at Cochin a Bramen of Note with his Son and Nephew offered himself to Don Vasco signifying a desire of coming to Portugal to be instructed in the Faith and proposing methods of reconciliation with the King of Calicut He found credit because his Son and Nephew were to remain as Hostages and the Admiral sailed for Calicut in a great Ship accompanied by only one Caravel hoping to meet Vincent Sodre who was gon to set the Embassadors ashore But he being attacked by the Moors though he worsted them was gone to Cananor The Bremen was landed and carrying several Messages back and forward gave time for fitting 100 Paros or great Boats which suddenly one morning hemmed in the Admiral so boldly that many offered to board him with Fireworks to burn the Ship It began to take fire when cutting the Cable she put off the Fireship and the Boats to avoid it were discovered but much more by our Cannon which being at good distance took effect Sodre receiving advice by the Caravel the Admiral had sent when first he missed him came in good season and all together charged the Enemy in such manner they were put to flight with great loss The Hostages were hanged at the Yard Arms in sight of the City and then put into a Boat with a Letter for the King desiring him to accept of that Present in return for his Messengers contrivance The Admiral returned to Cochin and being dispatched left there in a wooden House built for that purpose with the King's leave a Factor and 32 Portugueses Then sailed with his ten Ships for Cananor not far from Pandarane there met him twenty nine of the King of Calicut He sent out three Vessels to engage the two foremost of the Enemies which was performed with such vigour that when the Admiral came up the two were taken the rest fled 300 Moors killed The Booty was considerable the chief thing an Idol of Gold weighing 30 pound of monstrous shape his Eyes were two Emrauds on his Breast was a very large Ruby and part of him covered with a Cloak of Gold set with Jewels Sodre was left there to guard the Coast and Factories the Admiral continued his Voyage He arrived at Lisbon with nine Ships richly laden and with publick pomp carried the Tribute he with much honour had received of Quiloa whereof the King ordered to be made a Custodium of Gold for the Church of our Lady of Bethlehem and gave all his share of such Prizes as should be taken to the use of that Structure CHAP. VII Conquests under King Emanuel from the Year 1503 till the Year 1505. 1.
THE King of Calicut envying the advantage he of Cochin made of our Trade got together 50000 men at Patane 16 Leagues from Cochin with other preparations for War The People of Cochin fearing that Power were for delivering up the Portugueses to him of Calicut who demanded nothing more But Triumpara King of Cochin refused and went out with three Nephews and small force to meet the Enemy At the first charge he was forsaken by some of his Nobles yet assisted by the Portugueses valiantly maintained a Pass till his Nephews being killed whereof one was General he was forced to fly and secure himself in the Island Vaipi near to and more tenable than Cochin which was burnt and he persisted in not delivering up the Portugueses a notable example of Fidelity in a Heathen scarce to be parallel'd among Christians 2. Whilst the People of Cochin were beseiged in the Island there sailed from Lisbon nine Ships under three distinct Commanders The first was Alfonso de Alburquerque the second Francis de Alburquerque and the third Antony de Saldanna The three last were to cruise in the Mouth of the Red Sea against the Ships of Meca the others to return with their lading Francis de Alburquerque arrived first with more Ships than he brought out having met with those of Vincent Sodre who was cruising upon the Indian Coast and distressed by Storm as also a Vessel that had been separated from D. Vasco de Gama Sodre had taken four Ships of Calicut which he carried to Cananor and burnt several small Vessels but this hapned before the invasion of Cochin to whose King he had offered his assistance but was not admitted and sailing thence touched at Zocotora and Guardafu and on the Coast of Arabia took some Vessels of Cambaya and Calicut Winter coming on he took shelter in a Bay near the Islands Curiamuria and found the Moors of that Coast called Baduiis who live by their Cattle were tractable and after two Months they advised Sodre to seek a better Harbour because about that time there arose such Storms in that place that he would be lost He would not credit them believing they said it only to be rid of him but sound they spoke truth being lost with his Brother and all the men in a sudden Tempest the other Vessels with great danger and suffering much through hunger and thirst escaped met Francis de Alburquerque and arrived with him at Cochin The Commander sent the King a Present into the Island part whereof was 10000 Ducats in Mony Then going ashoar the King ran and embraced him crying Portugal Portugal and all the People with great cries repeat Portugal Portugal and the Portugueses to return the civility cried Cochin Cochin The Commander comforted the King giving him assured hopes in the assistance of his Ships and the others he expected Not to lose time he fell upon those who held the Island of Cochin for the King of Calicut and killing many expelled the remainder then passed to Vaipi restoring that Country to its lawful Prince The Lord of Repelim his Lands were wasted with Fire and Sword and only four Portugueses lost in this action The joy Triumpara conceived in being restored by our assistance moved him to grant us leave to build a Fort in Cochin The work was begun when Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived and it was called the Fort of St. Iames and a Church then built dedicated to St. Bartholomew 500 men were put aboard some Vessels taken from the Enemy who burnt Repelim after a stout defence made by 2000 Nayres Alfonso de Albuquerque ambitious of performing some notable Exploit by himself advanced against a Town when a multitude of expert Heathens issuing brought him into great danger and the more by the assistance of thirty three Vessels of Calicut but Francis his Brother coming up they were put to flight and many killed as were 700 in the Island Cabalam where they thought to secure themselves Duarte Pacheco destroyed another Town killing many of the Inhabitants As our men sailed though victorious spent with fatigue fifty Ships of Calicut met them the number surprized them but our Cannon being well played the Enemy fled Antonio do Campo carried the news of this success to Portugal 3. Pepper was bought with some expence of blood The Queen of Coulam offered lading for two Ships Alburquerque went thither and setled a Trade as in Cochin and to manage it left there a Factor and twenty six men The King of Calicut perceiving our success desired Peace it was granted upon our Conditions some being put in execution he put a stop to the rest He loved the Conveniency but hated the Means and again prosecuted the War The King of Cochin representing how just he had been to us desired some able Commander might be left there with a number of men to his assistance The demand was reasonable it was therefore resolved that Duarte Pacheco with his Ship and two Caravels and 100 men should be left there Alfonso and Francis de Alburquerque returned towards home The first arrived safe and among other things brought the King forty pound of Pearls and four hundred of the small a Diamond of wonderful bigness and two Horses one a Persian the other an Arab which were held in great esteem being the first that were brought to the Kingdom Francis de Alburquerque and the Ships under his Command were never more heard of Peter de Ataide who followed them having escaped a Storm was found with his men at Melinde 4. Antony de Saldanna the last of the three Commanders and who was sent to cruise in the Mouth of the Red Sea having lost Diego Fernandez Peteâ—…a came to an Anchor at St. Thomas Short of the Cape of Good Hope was made famous a place by the name of Aguada del Saldanna or Saldannas watering place not for any Water he took but the Blood of his Men shed there endeavouring to land At this time a Storm had parted from him Ruy Lorenço driving him up to Mozambique whence he held his course to Quiloa where he took some small Prizes An ambition of doing something more remarkable carried him to the Island Zanzibar 20 Leagues short of Monbaça where he took twenty small Vessels Then he appeared before the Town of that name The King of it designed to take the Ship with a number of Paraos or Boats but our Long Boat going out with thirty men killed several and took four Paraos The King appeared on the Shoar with 4000 men commanded by his Son who was killed with some others by the first Volley Their loss produced our safety for one of them running from their Croud with Colours bearing the Arms of Portugal Peace was concluded that King agreeing to pay 100 Meticales of Gold yearly as tributary to Portugal Thence he visited Melinde whose King was oppressed by him of Monbaça for his friendship to us This obliged Ruy Lorenço to stand in by the way he took two Ships
and three Zambucos small Vessels and in them twelve Magistrates of the City Brava who as such submitted that City to Portugal with the yearly Tribute of 500 Meticales The two Kings came to a Battle and parted upon equal Terms Now came Antony de Saldanna whereupon he of Monbaça came to an agreement Beyond Cape Guardafu and in the Islands Canacani they worsted some Moors who would hinder their watering On the upper Coast of Arabia they burnt a Ship laden with Frankincense and forced ashoar another that carried Pilgrims to Meca But whilst they sail to India let us see what is doing at Cochin 5. Zamori of Calicut called â—…gether the Kings and Lords of Malabar and there resorted to him those of Tanor Bespur Cotugan and Corin and ten Lords of equal Power besides the Lesser They drew together 50000 men as well for Land as Sea for the Sea were 4000 men in 280 Paraos Caturs and Tonees Vessels of several sorts with 382 Cannons to batter the new Fort all the rest was for the Land to attack the Ford of a River that passed to the Island these were commanded by Naubea Dâ—…ring Nephew and Heir to him of Calicut and by Elancol Lord of Repelim The King of Cochin was in fear seeing many of his Subjects desert but Duarto Pacheco who commanded the Portugueses encouraged him Pacheco put himself into a posture of Defence Into the Ship he put 25 men into the Fort 39 into the Caravel 26 into a Boat 23 he was in another with 22 besides these 300 Malabars attended him the King with his Forces was to guard the City Thus he went to meet Zamori and finding him quartered in a Village attacked it and did much harm There hapned three fierce ingagementâ—… about gaining the Pass in the first the Enemy lost 20 Paraos sunk by the Cannon and 180 Persons of Note above 1000 private men In the second 19 Paraos and 360 men In the third 622 Paraos and 60 fled and 15000 men by Land and among them Zamori Pacheco pursuing burnt four Towns 6. The Moors that were with the King of Cochin â—…ve intelligence to the Enemy The King gave Pacheco leave to punish them He took five secured them and gave out they were hanged which the King and all his People reseâ—…ed Zamori returns and attempts another Ford. Iames Perez and Peter Raphael with two Caravels and some Boats were posted where the Lord of Repelim was to attack with 3000 men sustained by the Prince Naubeadarim with his men At this time 300 Moors deserted Pacheco he wanted Powder and the Prince of Cochin to whom he sent for it did not relieve him for the Messenger treacherously forbore delivering the message But Pacheco overcoming all difficulties killed 650 of Zamori's men who retired to a Grove of Palm-trees where nine of his men were killed so near him by a Cannon Ball that he was sprinkled with their Blood After this he lost 6000 men by the Plague 7. Great were the preparations the King of Calicut made and the mean time fatigued Pacheco with several stratagems and treacheries The Bramen Conjurers proposed the making a Powder which being thrown in our mens Eyes would blind them and so they would be easily overcome besides they had a new invention of Castles that were to destroy them and the Moors of Cochin were underhand bribed to poyson the water of the Island The Powder was looked upon as ridiculous but great care was taken by Pacheco to prevent the Poyson The Castles began to appear and were eight in number fifteen foot high and placed upon two Boats each and carried many men Pacheco had a 160 men divided into four parts the Foord the Fort the Caravels and the Ship and herein consisted the principal strength of the Kingdom of Cochin for of the 30000 men the King had at first there were now but 8000 left many of the Principal Men having deserted Zamori had brought 80000 men and lost 20000. Whilst the Towers were preparing Pacheco was attacked by a number of Paraos in one attack he killed some men and took five Boats in another eight with thirteen Cannons Six bold Nayres offered to kill him and in order thereto came over as Deserters but he having intelligence apprehended and sent them to the King Zamori gave out that the Portugueses at Cochin were all killed to the intent those who resided at Cananor and Coulam should be destroyed they were in great danger one or two killed and many wounded The King of Cochin though he saw the great danger that threatned him was resolved to endure the utmost miseries rather than abandon the Portugueses but feared those few must at last be overpowred by the multitude of the Enemy and the danger of those brave men grieved him more than his own he therefore most earnestly entreated Pacheco to quit that enterprize and save himself and men for some opportunity wherein he might do his Prince greater service But Pacheco bid the King be of good courage and not dishearten his Subjects with any signs of fear but exhort them to stand firm and thereby they should overcome all difficulties And fearing lest some Portugueses by his example might faulter in his resolution of dying or conquering he went aboad the Ship and made to them a most learned copious and resolute Speech which gave new vigour to them all but much more his speedy Orders and Couragious Activity shewn at that very time for scarce was the Speech ended when the Enemy came to assail him the Enemies design was to burn our Ships and therefore those Castles were drove towards them all the Front flaming But Pacheco who perceived their intent threw over long Beams one end whereof resting against the Ship the other hindred the approach of those burning Castles 8. The Enemy appeared with 290 small Vessels well stored with Men and Artillery and eight Castles one carrying 40 men two 35 each and every one of the other five 30 men before all came the Fireworks The Shoar was covered by 30000 men with good Artillery at the Head of them the Lord of Repelim with a vast number of Pioneers The Fight began the odds being almost 300 Vessels to three At first the Artillery wrought no effect but being continued tore those Towers and the Smoak being somewhat allayed the Sea appeared covered with broken Boats Arms dead Bodies and others strugling with Death the Fight was renewed with great loss to the Enemy and not one Portugues killed Next day Zamori returned and was beaten off with greater damage having lost 18000 men in the space of five Months that this service lasted The King by the advice of his Bramens retired to do Pennance and by consent of his Councel desired a Peace which the King of Cochin granted At this time Pacheco received a Message from the Factor at Coulam desiring he would come to assist him against five Ships of Moors who obstructed his Market of Pepper Pacheco went with
Weather and one lost but the men saved He entred that Port and saluted as usual but was not answered whereupon he complained to the King He at first framed excuses and avoided coming to a Conference though Don Francisco attended in the place appointed which set him upon studying revenge After a Council held it was resolved to erect a Fort in that place as was desired by King Emanuel Having promised some description of all such places as we took possession of it will be fit to insert here that of the Country City and Fort of Quiloa 4. From Cape Guardafu the most Western point of Africk to Mocambique are 550 Leagues a hollow Coast like a Bow when bent From Cape Mozambique to Cape Corrientes 170 Leagues thence to the Cape of Good Hope 340 Leagues hence the Coast runs bowing to the Westward as far as the Borders of the Kingdom of Congo but by reason of its great length appears to the Eye to run strait to the Northward Drawing a Line from the Southern borders of Congo cross the Continent Eastward there remains to the Southward that great portion of Africk to which the Barbarous Inhabitants have given no name but was called by the Persians Caffaria and the Inhabitants Cafres which signifies a Rude People without Law or Government and our late Geographers call it Ethiopia Inferior Above this on the East runs for above 200 Leagues that Coast which we call Zanguebar but the Arabians and Persians give this name to all the Coast as far as the Cape of Good Hope Above Zanguebar as far as Point Guardafu and Mouth of the Red Sea is that which the Arabs call Aiam or Aiana inhabited by the same Arabs and the Inland by Heathen Blacks Most of this Coast is very low and subject to inundations covered with impenetrable Woods which made it excessive hot and unhealthy The Natives are black of curled Hair Idolaters so gi-given to Superstition that upon frivolous motives they give over the most important Designs as it hapned to the King of Quiloa at this time who because a Black Cat crossed him at his coming out failed of meeting Don Francisco de Almeyda The Cattle Fruit and Grain is answerable to the wildness of the Country The Moors who inhabit the Coast and adjacent Islands are little given to Tilling and feed upon Wild Beasts and some loathsom things those who live in the Inland and have commerce with the Barbarous Cafres make use of some Milk Nature has stored the Country with much Gold that those People might inhabit it and our Covetousness though at such distance find them out It was Covetousness that first drew thither the Arabs called Emozaydii that is subjects of Zayde who built two considerable Towns only sufficient to secure them against the Cafres These continued so till great numbers of other Arabs who were Neighbourers of the City Laçab 40 Leagues from the Island Baharem in the Persian Gulph came over thither whose first Plantation was Magadoxa and after Brava the former became the Metropolis The first Arabs separated from these and mixing with the Cafres were called Baduiis The first that had the Trade of the Mine of Zofala were those of Magadoxa who discovered it accidentally Thence they spread themselves but never durst pass Cape Corrientes a Point opposite to the Westermost part of the Island Madagascar or St. Laurence and takes its name from the violent Current of Water which often endangers Ships there But along these Coasts they possessed themselves of Quiloa Monbaça Melinde the Isles of Pemba Zanzibar Monfia Comoro and others Quiloa was the chief of all their Plantations and thence many were spread particularly on the Coast of Madagascar The Sea by degrees wearing away both sides made Quiloa an Island It bears many Palm and Thorn-trees and divers Herbs and Plants Cattle Wild Beasts and Birds much after the same manner as Spain the Buildings also after our manner flat at the Top with Gardens and Orchards behind On one side is the Royal Palace built in the manner of a Fort the Gate to the Sea opposite to the Anchoring place where ours at that time were 5. Don Francisco de Almeyda having resolved to land was the first that touched the Shoar with 500 men He and his Son Laurence at the same time attacked the City in two places Our men had enough to do to cover themselves with their Shields from the showers of Arrows that flew yet they advanced but finding the greatest damage they received was from the tops of the Houses they entred and gained some of them and thereby so much advantage that the King fled and set up in the Field Portugues Colours which stopt the Current of the Conquerors till he had got over to the Continent with his Wives and Riches The City was plundered and not one man lost in this Action though a considerable number of the Enemies was killed 6. Mir Abraham now overcome was but an Usurper but the 44th Possessor of that Island of which number many were Tyrants like him A Kinsman of this Abraham called Mahomet Anconii had been very faithful and serviceable to the Portugueses to requite him Don Francisco ordered when the City was plundered that nothing appertaining to him should be touched And after all was setled sent for and declared him King of that place putting a Crown of Gold upon his Head with much Pomp and Ceremony It was a wonderful act of Moderation in this Barbarian that as soon as the Crown was on his Head he declared that had the lawful King Alfudail murdered by the late Usurper been living he would have resigned that Crown to him but since he could not do it he desired the Son of the said Alfudail might be sworn hereditary Prince though he himself had Children for whom he might covet that Inheritance This Example in a Heathen might confound the inhuman insolence and barbarity in Christians at least those who pretend to the name who wade through Seas of Blood â—…end the most Sacred Bonds of Consanguinity and Alliance spoil Provinces oppress the Good exalt the Wicked make Honesty Treason and Perjury Duty and Religion a property to work their ambitious cursed ends to wit to snatch Scepters and Crowns from the Hands and Heads where the Eternal Providence has most worthily placed them 7. All things being again setled Don Francisco in twenty days raised a Fort the Gentlemen Captains and he himself working at it He put into it 550 men and left a Caravel and a Brigantine to cruise there The 8th of August he set sail for Mombaça and arrived there with 13 Sail. The City Mombaça is seated in an Island which is about 14 Leagues in circumference it is beautiful and strong before it is a large Bay capable of many Ships Before he entred two Vessels were sent to sound the Bar which is commanded by a Platform with eight Pieces of Cannon which began to play upon them that were fadoming but they
500 Leagues and has seven Kingdoms subject which are Cambodia Como Lanchaam Cheneray Chencran Chiamay Camburii and Chaypumo The King has 30000 Elephants whereof he carries out 3000 armed to War and 50000 men only of the City Udia Metropolis of his Empire The King of China alone in extent exceeds them all and all the Princes of Europe put together China is above 700 Leagues in length it has abundance of all sorts of Metals and exceeds Europe in Manufactures some of their Works seem beyond Human Wit the Silks Provisions and Pleasures wherewith it abounds are beyond computation 3. All the Heathens of India chiefly between Indus and Ganges write upon Palm Leaves without Ink with Wooden or Steel Pens which easily cut the Letters on the Leaf whereof I have seen some in Rome curiously folded what they design should be lasting they carve on Stone or Copper they begin on the left Hand their Histories are fabulous 600 years before the arrival of the Portugueses in India there was a King so powerful in Malabar that the People began their Era or Computation of Time from his Reign as they did afterwards from our arrival He was persuaded by the Moors that traded in his Ports to turn Mahometan and gave them leave to build Calicut Being old he divided his Kingdoms among his Kindred To the Chief he gave that of Coulan where he placed the Head See of the Religion of the Bramens and called him Cobritim that is the same as High Priest to his Nephew he gave Calicut with all the Temporal Dominion calling him Zamori that is the same with Emperour This last Dignity continues in the same place the other was translated to Cochin Having disposed of his Dominions he resolved to die at Meca but was drowned by the way Calicut is a plain Country well watered plentiful of Pepper and Ginger all other Spice it has from its Neighbours The People are very Superstitious and do not suffer those of one Trade or Profession to marry into another or put their Children to Learn The Nayres who are their Nobles if they chance to touch any of the Commons cleanse themselves by washing as the Samaritans and Jews The Women of the Nayres are common to them all but chiefly the Bramens therefore know no Father nor is any bound to maintain them They are most expert at their Weapons beginning to exercise them at the age of seven years They use all the antient manners of Augury and Divination 4. The Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda had an interview ashoar with the King of Cananor who brought with him 5000 men well armed He acquainted him he came to reside some time in India by reason of some troubles that were so inflamed with the Zamori King of Calicut He asked leave to build a Fort in the Harbour and it was granted Having begun it he left there Lorenço de Brito to command with 150 men and two Vessels to cruise upon the Coast. Being arrived at Cochin he received the News that the Factor of Coulan with all his men were killed by the Moors He sent his Son Don Lorenço with three Ships and three Caravels with Orders to procure Lading without taking notice of what had past but in case of denial to revenge the slaughter The Messenger was answered by a Shower of Arrows and twenty four Ships of Calicut and other places prepared to receive ours Don Lorenço after pouring in his Shot liberally burnt them all only a few of the Moors were saved by swimming Don Lorenço then went to load in another Port. 5. He returned to Cochin where his Father according to his Instructions was preparing to Crown Triumpara that King in recompence of the Gallantry wherewith he had defended the Portugueses against their Enemies But he being retired to follow a Religious Life and his Nephew Nambeadâ—…ra left Successor it was thought fit to bestow the same Honour upon him He was Crowned with great Solemnity with a Crown of Gold set with Jewels carried from Portugal for that purpose This was a security for that Prince and a terror to others six Ships were now sent home richly laden 6. King Emanuel to secure the Trade of the Gold of Zofala had caused a Fort to be built at Quiloa another at Moçambique and a Factory at Melinde After Don Francisco he sent out Pedro de Annaya with six Ships to build a Fort at Zofala three of the Ships were to go on to India and return with lading the other three to cruise on the Coast of Zofala One of the Captains fell overboard and was lost another had 16 men killed in an Island where he landed The others found Don Pedro de Annaya in the Port of Zofala He obtained leave of that King and raised a Fort whereby the Trade was secured which that King never intended imagining that the Country being unhealthful the Portugueses would be obliged to quit it Here Annaya found twenty Portugueses in a miserable condition after travelling with great hardships from Cape Corientes where they were forced to run their Ship ashoar being no longer able to keep above water Their Captain was Lope Sanchez whom they would not obey ashoar but dividing travelled in several Companies through those unknown Countries They were all lost except these twenty and five found by Antony de Magallanes in the River Quiloame who brought them to Zofala CHAP. X. A Continuation of the Conquests the same Year 1506. and the Government of the same Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda 1. THE Kingdom of Zofala is a large tract of Land of 750 Leagues circumference subject to the Monomotapa that is Emperour of that South Part of Africk called by the same Name or Ethiopia Inferior it is watered by these two Famous Rivers Rio del Espiritu Santo and Cuama the latter Navigable 250 Leagues These and many other Rivers that fall into them have Golden Sands Most part of the Land enjoys a Temperate Air pleasant wholsom and fruitful In part it bears great flocks of Sheep of the Skins whereof the Natives are Cloathed because of the cold South Winds Along the Banks of Cuama the Country is Mountanous covered with Woods and watered with many Rivers which make it delightful and therefore the best Peopled and the common residence of the Monomopata It is abundantly stocked with Elephants and consequenty Ivory and Mines of Gold encompassed 30 Leagues about with Mountains on the tops whereof the Air is serene and clear They are called the Mines of Manica 50 Leagues South-west of Zofala there are others 150 Leagues distant none then much valued by their Owners Here are some Buildings of wonderful Structure with Inscriptions of unknown Characters but the Natives know nothing of their Foundation They believe in one God under the Name of Mozima and use no Idols Witchcraft Theft and Adultery are most severely punished by them They have as many Wives as they can maintain the Kings are above 1000 but the first commands the
observed that many were wounded with their own Arrows there being none used among the Portugueses 4. Coje Atar considering the damage received and what might ensue called a Council where it was agreed to submit to what was demanded by Albuquerque The Articles were drawn and sworn to by both Parties their substance was that the King of Ormuz did submit himself to King Emanuel with the Tribute of 15000 Xeraphines yearly a Xeraphin is worth about half a Crown and should assign the Portugueses place to build a Fort. The Fort was imdiately begun and much advanced in few days but Coje Atar could not bear with it He feigned Embassadors were come to receive the Tribute they used to pay the King of Persia and therefore desired Albuquerque to give them an Answer since his King was now subject to the Crown of Portugal He guessed at the design and bid Coje Atar send somebody to him who might carry the Answer the Messengers being come he put into their Hands Bullets and Spears telling them that was the Coin the Tribute should be paid in Coje Atar finding his Plot fail endeavoured to corrupt our Men with Mony He prevailed with five Seamen one of them a Founder who cast some Cannon there and another who informed him that our men were not compleat 460 whereby animated he studied to break the Peace refusing to deliver up those men and pretending at the same time it was Albuquerque that broke it 5. Albuquerque began to revenge this affront but with little success because the Captains employed opposed it Coje Atar perceiving this at Night fired a Boat we were building on the Shoar and one of the Portugues Deserters cried from the Wall Alfonso de Albuquerque defend the Boat with your 400 men and you shall meet 700 Archers Nor was it to be admired those vile Wretches should offer these and other Reproaches since some of the Captains gave intelligence to the Enemy and persuaded those five to desert Albuquerque burning with Rage attempted to fire some Ships in the Arsenal and failed He resolved to besiege the City and having taken some that carried in Provisions cut off their Hands Ears and Noses and sent them in to the great terror of all There was a hot dispute about filling up some Wells that supplied the Besieged in so much that they were filled with Carcasses of Men and Horses the Captain and Guard that maintained them being all slain The King and Coje Atar came to second this Action and Albuquerque was in great danger his retreat being cut off but a fortunate Cannon Ball opened a way putting the Enemies Horse into confusion Albuquerque in these Actions found his men ill disposed to obey among the rest three Captains resolving to leave him and sail for India drew up a Paper of Reasons why he ought to desist from that Enterprize which he gave to one of the Masons to lay under a Stone in the Work saying he had answered and would be glad to see who durst remove the Stone to read his Answer None replied But offended with this and each fearing he should not have the Command of the Fort when built the three put in execution their design of quitting him This troubled Albuquerque yet he resolved not to desist though two Captains that staid with him opposed him desirous to accompany the others but he used them with such severity that they were forced to obey him From Baharem to Queixome sailed a Fleet with relief of Men and Provisions Albuquerque having pursued and missing of it fell upon a Country House of the Kings guarded by 300 Foot and 60 Horse and beat them out killing 80 with the loss of one man He returned to Queixome and fell upon 500 Archers sent to the King of Ormuz by him of Lara under the Command of his two Nephews and slew them and most of their men having but 80 with him the Brothers he sent to Coje Atar as a Present The Town was burnt and there being taken among the Plunder a Carpet so big the Souldiers were about cutting it for conveniency of carriage Albuquerque bought and sent it after to Santiago in Galicia Finding he had but few men left wherewith to continue his enterprize and those harrased and Winter coming on he resolved to go to Zocotora and gave leave to Iohn de Nova to sail for India 6. Whilst this hapned at Ormuz the Soldan of Cayre set out a Fleet of 12 Sail and 1500 men Commanded by Mir Hozem to oppose the Portugueses in India By the way he attacked Imbo and killed the Xeque the same he did at Ioda and got great Plunder then sailed to Diu where Melique Az Commanded for the King of Cambaya whom he was to joyn and treat with in order to oppose the Portugueses The Timber whereof these Ships were built was cut in the Mountains of Dalmatia by procurement of the Venetians as was said because the Soldan and Turk were at variance A Nephew of the Soldan carried it in 25 Ships with 800 Mamalukes besides Seamen Andrew de Amarall a Portugues commanded then the Galleys of Malta he knowing that Timber was designed against us in India attacked the 25 Ships of the Enemy with 600 men in four Galleys and six Ships and after a sharp engagement that lasted three hours took seven and sunk five the rest fled to Alexandria whence the Timber was carried up the Nile to Cayr and thence on Camels to Suez 7. At this time the Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda was upon the Coast of Malabar and had sent his Son Don Lorenço to guard those of Cananor and Cochin and ran as far as Chaul with 8 Ships On his way he took some Ships of the Moors Chaul is seated on the Bank of a River 2 Leagues from the Sea one of the chief of that Coast for Greatness and Trade subject to the Nizamaluco by whose Order Don Lorenço was well received They had some intelligence of this Fleet of the Soldan but gave no credit to it till it appeared in sight as Don Lorenço was diverting himself ashoar with his Officers They hasted to the Ships giving such Orders as the shortness of the time permitted and were scarce aboard when the Enemy entred the Harbour with many demonstrations of Joy for Mir Hozem thought himself secure of Victory by surprizing our Ships He designed to board the Portugues Admiral and tâ—… rest of his Ships to board the others Ours were so placed that the Enemy passed between them and Mir Hozem coming up with Don Lorenço poured in Ball Arrows Granadoes and other Fire-works but was so well answered that he gave over the resolution of boarding though the Portugues Vessel was much less than his The others had the like success and so passed on and Night approaching they prepared themselves for the next Morning 8. Day appearing Don Lorenço gave the signal of Battle and endeavoured to board Mir Hozem the like was done by the others but only
Xeraphins they were ready to pay it but would not consent to build the Fort. He therefore resolved again to besiege the Island and ordered Martin Coello with his Ship to guard the Point Turumbaca where the Wells are Iames de Melo he posted opposite to the Island Queixome he and Francis de Tavora lay before the City Thence he viewthe growth of the Fort for Coje Atar had finished it making use of what the Portugueses had began the better to oppose them The success was much the same as the other time but he was in great danger himself and Diego de Melo with 8 private men being killed he returned to India having taken a Ship that carried much Pearl from Baharem and Francis de Tavora took one of Meca 3. The Viceroy having sent Albuquerque to Cochin and dispatched the Trading Ships homeward-bound under Fernando Soarez and Ruy de Cunna who perished by the way and ordered other lesser matters he sailed on the 12th of December from Cananor towards Diu in pursuit of Mir Hozem He had with him 19 Vessels of several sizes and in them 1600 Souldiers and Seamen whereof 400 were Malabares All India was alarmed at this motion of the Viceroy but chiefly Zamori and Melique Az who had used all necessary precautions to secure himself against this danger The Viceroy being landed with his Officers in the delightful Island Anchediva made to them a grave and learned Speech touching upon the great Actions performed and reflecting upon the damage received from the Turks shewed how much they were obliged to God their King and Country to revenge that defect and the death of his Son with many more circumstances and concluded that the more to terrifie the Enemy it were convenient first to fall upon the City Dabul their Neighbour All that were present unanimously approved of his resolution 4. The City Dabul is one of the most noted of that Coast by reason of its Situation Greatness and Trade seated on a Navigable River 2 Leagues from the Mouth The Buildings were then stately the Inhabitants Pagans and Moors It is on the Boders of the Kingdom of Decan subject to Sabayo the King and was then held by a Governour of his with a good Garrison being in fear of our Power Upon notice of our approach 6000 men were sent in new Works raised and much Artillery planted The Viceroy appearing before it the Inhabitants though well provided began to send away their Goods the Governour forbid it upon pain of death and the more to encourage the People brought into the Town his own Wife who was in a Country House this example was followed by many of the Principal Men whose Wives were abroad in the Country On the 30th of December our Fleet entred the Port. The Viceroy ordered Peter Barreto to post himself among the Ships that were in the Harbour and following close endeavoured to be the first that landed but every one being inflamed with the same desire it was all confusion leaping over one another so that all or none was first of the Viceroy's Boat the first were Fernando Perez de Andrade and Iohn Gomez The Works being high the Shot flew over our Men. Our Cannon plaid not on the Enemy because our Men were under it The Portugueses having gained the Shoar divided themselves in order at once to attack three Gates which the Moors perceiving made so brave a resistance at all three that the dead Bodies caused a greater stop than the living Defendants or their Works The Place was narrow and the Confusion great ' every one thronging for fear of being last The Viceroy cleared all by sending Nunno Vaz Pereyra to gain entrance another way who after a hot dispute though the Moors came on in great numbers put them to flight some retiring to a Mosque others flying to the Mountain The Commander of the Enemies did all he could to hinder their flight seeing only ten Portugueses pursue a Multitude who through hast falling over each other retarded their own escape The Fight lasted about five hours in which time with the loss of 16 Portugueses were killed 1500 Enemies all hand to hand for the Cannon on neither side was plaid The Viceroy remained that Night in the Mosque he distributed his men about the Town with Orders to keep Guard George de Melo and his Company stood all Night at their Arms expecting the Enemy that fled to the Mountain would return Nor was he deceived for they by the favour of the Night stole into the Town hoping to recover their Wives Children and Goods Little was done till Morning when the Viceroy gave leave to Plunder which was hindred by the sudden firing of the Town so that in few hours it was only a heap of Ashes and therefore the Booty exceeded not 150000 Ducats It was afterwards known that the Viceroy was the cause of that Conflagration fearing the men taken up with those Riches might retard his other Design The Ships in the Harbour had the same end with no small confusion among ours scarce able to endure the Flames so near them The Viceroy had laid in no great store of Provisions not doubting to get enough along that Coast but very little was found here where most was expected the furious Flames perhaps fiercer than expected having devoured all He thought to remedy this by sending to the Neighbouring Villages but to no effect because all was destroyed by multitudes of Locusts whereof they found many kept in Pots that were Food to the Natives which some Portugueses tasting found pleasing to the Pallate not unlike our Shrimps which made them conclude these were Shrimps of the Land as the others of the Sea So in some places particularly the Vineyards about Rome are found Crabs not unlike those of the Sea So that if those Creatures came not so numerous as to destroy the Harvest they might be coveted as Food not dreaded as a Plague Such were the Locusts the Scripture mentions the Baptist fed on in the Desert 5. The Viceroy parted from Dabul without Provisions hoping to get them along the Coast. Payo de Sousa run up a River in his Gally having seen some Cattle upon the Shoar and hoping to take some of it the Owners opposed and killed him and George Guedez Iames Mendez succeeded in the Command of the Gally and met another passing from Diu to Dabul this was well manned and commanded by a Couragious and Expert Turk who no sooner discovered our Gally but keeping his men close so that only they that rowed were in sight he drew on Iames Mendez to board him without suspecting any danger when immediately the Turks that were hid rushing out had almost gained our Gally but our men recovering themselves gained their Gally with the death of all the Turks without losing one of ours The Chief Prize was a Noble Beautiful Hungarian Young Woman who was brought to the Viceroy and by him given to Gaspar de la India who gave her to Iames
a while in a Plain before the Pallace Which being then attacked though well defended was entred the Moors flying to the Mountains Our men now possessed of the Pallance fell to plundering without shame or sense of honour and with as much disorder as if they had been on the Shoar and their Enemy destroyed The Enemy now reinforced returned and falling upon our disordered men put all into great confusion killing many under their Burdens and doing great harm though Vasco de Sylveyra signalized himself killing two of thier Chiefs whom they call Caymales In the mean time Albuquerque had entred the City and fired it and having nothing to divert him marched to see what Coutinno had done He found all about the Pallace thronged with Armed Men and that Coutinno was within in eminent danger Finding it best to hinder the Enemies from pressing upon him he sent him word he waited his coming Coutinno answered not till the third Message and then returned that Albuquerque might march and he would follow being busie in gathering his men who were dispersed about the House Albuquerque marched and the Enemy pressed him doing much damage till News was brought Coutinno's life was in great danger He endeavoured to return to his relief but was hindred by the multitude of the Enemy who slew many of his men and wounded him with a Dart in the Throat and a Stone in the Head and in such manner that he was carried sensless to the Shoar By this time Coutinno and many more were slain in the Pallace and several on the way being oppressed by the multitude and spent with the labour and heat and stifled with the great Dust. Doubtless they had all perished if Iames Mendez Vasconcellos and Simon de Andrade whom Albuquerque left in the City with 2000 men had not stopt the fury of the Enemies and obliged them to retire There hapned as great a contest about being the last on Shoar as had been about landing first not considering all their misfortune had proceeded from that foolish dispute At last they sailed having lost 80 men among them many of Note whereof Coutinno was one Albuquerque being come to himself gave out several Orders at Sea and dispatched the Trading Ships homeward-bound and when arrived at Cochin made preparations for a third attempt upon the Island Ormuz While he is employed about this Business we will give some account of what was done by two of the Captains spoken of in the beginning of the third Chapter which could not conveniently be inserted before 2. One of these two Captains was Duarte de Lemos who after a Storm arrived at the place called Medones de Oro thence he went to Madagascar or the Island of St. Laurence and thence to Mozambique where the rest of his Squadron joyned him George de Aguiar being lost he took upon him the Command of the Coast of Ethiopia and Arabia given him by the King that Government being then divided into three Parts From Mozambique he sailed to Melinde then set out to visit some Islands of that Coast that had neglected to pay the usual Tribute to Quiloa since it was taken Monfia submitted immediately Zanzibar made resistance but they were drove to the Mountains and the Town plundered At Pemba hapned the same the Inhabitants flying to Monbaza leaving nothing in their Houses but some little plunder was taken in a Fort whether the Xeque had conveyed such things as he had not time to secure otherwise Lemos gave the necessary Orders at Melinde particularly in relation to the Factory for the Trade of Zofala Hence he set out with seven Sail for the Coast of Arabia one Vessel Commanded by Gregory de Quadra insensibly was separated from the rest in the Night on the Coast of Magadoxa and carried by the Current to the Mouth of the Red Sea where the City Zeila is seated and was there taken Lemos resolved to take a view of Ormuz and managed the Towns of that Coast more with cunning than force The same at Ormuz where he received of the King and Coje Atar the 15000 Xeraphens imposed on them as Tribute by Albuquerque and was well treated Hence he sent to India Vasco de Sylveyra who was killed at Calicut Then he sailed to Zocotora and gave the Command of that Fort to Peter Ferreira sending to India Don Antonio de Noronha who took a Rich Ship of the Moors which being manned by some Portugueses was cast away in a Storm between Dabul and Goa and the men made Prisoners His own Ship was stranded in the Bay of Cambaya where he and some others endeavouring to escape in the Boat were all lost about 30 that remained in the Ship were taken by the Moors and sent to the King of Cambaya Lemos on his return to Melinde took a Vessel richly laden The Winter being passed he returned to Zocotora and found there Francis Pantoja who came from India with Provisions and had taken a rich Ship of Cambaya the great wealth whereof he shared with Lemos his men saying they had right to it as being taken in the Precincts of his Government A rare example of Bounty Lemos finding himself unprovided for other undertakings sailed to India and was received by Albuquerque with great Pomp and Civility 3. The other of the two Captains mentioned was Iames Lopez de Siqueira who was entrusted with the discovery of the Island of Madagascar and Malaca In the Island St. Laurence he arrived in the Port of St. Sebastian He run along the Coast making use of a Portugues as Interpreter who had been left there and forced by necessity to learn the Language He spoke with a King called Diaman and was by him civilly treated but had no intelligence of any Spice or Silver the great end of his Voyage Having had much trouble and no profit he sailed to India Don Francisco then Viceroy received him well and to assist in the discovery of Malaca gave him another Ship Commanded by Garcia de Sousa He passed by Pedir and that King sent him some Presents and made him great Offers The same the King of Paçem in both places he erected Crosses At last he anchored in the Port of Malaca and terrified the Coast with the thundring of his Cannon so that all the People running to the Ships and Vessels in the Harbour shewed the apprehension they had of their new Guest A Boat came to Lopez his Ship to enquire who they were he answered there was an Embassador from the King of Portugal who came to propose such things as might be advantagious to that City There came back a Message from the King in doubtful language such as is usual when the designs are pernicious for some forreign Merchants Enemies to the Portugueses had persuaded him and his Favourite Bandara with the Powerful Argument of Rich Presents to destroy Iames Lopez The third day Lopez sent Hierom Teixeyra with a handsome Retinue as Embassador who was well received on the Shoar and placed upon
where being well entertained by that King he rebelled against him and was again cast out by the King of Siam and so forced to wander about Malaca a just punishment for his ingratitude He having increased the new Colony gave it the name of his Fortune for Malaca in that Language signifies a Banished Man The first King of Malaca was Xaque Darxa or as another Author says Raal Sabu Son of Paramisora subject to him of Siam from whom his Successors revolted The Country of Malaca is subject to Inundations full of thick Woods stored with hurtful and dangerous Creatures chiefly Tigers which obliges many people to pass the Nights on the tops of high Trees because they fetch them off the low ones with a leap The Men are couragious the Women wanton The Trade of the East and West make Malaca most Rich and Populous Mahomet reigned at this time against whom the King of Siam had sent an Army of 40000 men most whereof perished by sundry accidents and partly by the treachery of Mahomet which he practised with Iames Lopez de Siqueira but now came Albuquerque to revenge them all Mohomet feared the reward of his baseness and therefore brought to his aid the King of Pam with a great Force and had now 30000 men and 8000 pieces of Cannon and yet his fear was greater than his preparations 2. Albuquerque sailing from Cochin by the way he took five Ships of the Moors bound for Malaca off of Ceylon The King of Pedir in the Island Sumatra sent some Moors to visit him and with Iohn de Viegas one of the Portugueses left behind by Siqueira who with others flying from Slavery arrived at Pedir The same was done by the King of Paçem Neboada Beeguea of the Principals of the Treachery of Malaca was fled from Pedir and being beaten and taken at Sea by Ayres Pereyra to the general astonishment of all that beheld him he shed not one drop of Blood though pierced with several mortal Wounds but scarce had they taken off his Arm a Bracelet of Bone when the Blood gushed out The Indians discovered the Secret saying it was the Bone of a Beast that breeds in Iava which has that virtue it was esteemed a great Prize and brought to Albuquerque Next they met a Vessel with 300 Moors so resolute Albuquerque was forced to come up himself to take it not without some danger In this Vessel was Geniall the rightful King of Paçem banished by the tyranny of the present Possessor Three other Vessels were taken soon after whereof one gave intelligence of the affairs of Malaca in which Port our Fleet anchored on the 1st of Iuly with much noise of Warlike Instruments and Cannon terrifying all the People that covered the Shoar for the guilt of what they had before acted made then sensible what this Fleet was designed for there being no surer foreteller of their punishment to wicked men than their own Conscience 3. Next day came a Gallant Moor with a deceitful Message from the King to Albuquerque He received him with great state the greatest was that of his Person and Venerable Beard which had never been cut since he was at Ormuz he saying it should never be cut till he sat to that purpose upon the Back of Coje Atar so it grew to such a length that he knotted it to his Girdle He treated the Moor courteously whose Message contained that if he came for Merchandize it was ready The Answer was That the Merchandize he sought for were some Portugueses that were in the City ever since Siqueira went away that having got them he would let the King know what more he demanded of the King and City The Moor at his return spread the terror of this Answer and it was generally agreed to buy off that danger by restoring the Portugueses and paying a sum of Mony Prince Alodim and his Brother-in-law the King of Pam prevented the executing this and made ready to defend themselves Albuquerque began some military execution whereupon the King restored the Captives Other Messages were sent by the King in order to appease Albuquerque who answered That he offered him Peace upon condition he permitted him instantly to raise a Fort there and repayed the Charge of his and Siqueira coming to that Port since his Falshood had been the cause of all the damage sustained and that he must immediately return an answer whether he chose Peace or War The King desired an Accommodation but his Son and the King of Pam opposed it At last they all made the necessary preparations to repel the danger 4. On the Eve of St. Iames the Apostle the Signal was given for landing with great Shouts and noise of Guns immediately the Portugueses leap ashoar and mix with the Enemy The hottest of the dispute was about gaining and maintaing the Bridge which Albuquerque had undertaken himself and was vigorously defended till the Enemies pressed leaped into the River where many were killed and many drowned The Prince and King of Pam bravely withstood another party of ours that would make their way to the Bridge King Mahomet came out on a bulky Elephant with two more carrying Castles on their Backs whence flew a great number of Darts Our men attacking the Beasts so wounded them that they fled trampling their own men and making way for ours to joyn those at the Bridge Albuquerque then fortified himself there and because much harm was done with poisoned Arrows from the tops of neighbouring Houses he caused them to be burnt Albuquerque bestowing great Praises on his Captains for their Valour and perceiving they were scorched with the heat and faint for want of Meat retired with them to the Ships about Night where ten died of poisoned Arrows The Enemies loss was not known The King of Pam went away on pretence of bringing a recruit but returned not 5. Whilst Albuquerque rested in his Ships refreshing his men the King harrased his undermining the Streets to blow us up and covering them with poisoned Thorns that might gore us at coming in he planted more Artillery in many places and secured the Bridge Albuquerque sent Antony de Abreu in a Vessel well manned to gain it from the Bridge flew Showers of Bullets and Deniz Fernandez de Melo seeing him near killed endeavoured to carry him off to the Ships to be dressed but he with wonderful constancy said Though I have neither strength to Fight nor voice to Command I have still life to keep my Post. Floats of Wildfire were drove along the River to burn the Vessel and no remedy to prevent it till Albuquerque effected it by gaining the Bridge then the Vessel had liberty to act Our Commander enters the City through Showers of Bullets Arrows and Darts Understanding the danger of the Mines which were in a broad Street he took another way and gained the Mosque and at last with vast slaughter of the Enemy took entire possession of the City having with him in this Action only 800
somewhat careless on a sudden fell upon George Botello the Commander with his Gally all the Fleet folâ—…wing him but he was well received his â—…ally taken the Fleet put to flight and the King forced to leap overboard They took in the King of Campar and brought him to Malaca where he exercised the Charge of Bendara so excellently that in four Months time the City was visibly improved many People resorting to it who had fled to Mahomet offended at Ninachetu Mahomet perceiving the growth of the City caused by his Son-in-law Abdela to put a stop to it made use of a Fraud peculiar to a Moor. He gave out in private but so that it might be spread abroad that his Son-inlaw was gone over to Malaca by common consent and the same was done by such as seemed to fly from Bintam with a design to seize upon the Fort the first opportunity and deliver it to him as lawful Prince This secret as Mahomet had designed it was divulged at Malaca and had the effect he pretended for George de Albuquerque gave more credit to the Report than to the Honest proceeding of the Bendara who was tried and condemned as a Traytor and his Head cut off upon a publick Scaffold The City escaped not the punishment of this Crime being left almost desolate by the flight of the Inhabitants and then oppressed by Famine CHAP. X. From the Year 1514 till the Year 1515 concluding with the Government and Life of the Great Alfonso de Albuquerque 1. WHilst what is before related hapned at Malaca Albuquerque visited the Important Places of his Province and gave the necessary Orders for their security He dispatched Don Garcia de Noronha to Cochin thence to encourage the work of the Fort that was building at Calicut He appointed four Sail to cruize in the Mouth of the Red Sea under the Command of his Nephew Peter de Albuquerque with Orders to touch at Ormuz and receive the Tribute when it became due and then discover the Island of Baharem He dispatched Embassadors well attended to several Princes Iames Fernandez de Beja went to the King of Cambaya to treat about the Fort of Diu which he had consented to before and now refused induced thereto by Melique Az. The Embassadour returned with Presents to Albuquerque among other things a Rhinoceros or Abada which was afterwards lost in the Mediterranean being sent by King Emanuel to the Pope with other Rarities of India Iohn Gonzalez de Castellobranco was sent to Hidalcan about the pretensions of Goa to less effect than the other in the affairs of Diu. 2. In September arrived at Goa five Ships from Portugal under the Command of Christopher de Brito one was after lost bound for Cambaya care was taken to dispatch the lading of the others Albuquerque eased of these more Profitable than Honourable Cares prepared to set forwards yet unresolved whether he should steer to Ormuz or the Red Sea the King having Ordered both In order to fix a Resolution he consulted with his Captains It was agreed the Enterprize should be upon Ormuz a suitable determination to Albuquerque's desires On the 20th of February he directed his Course thither His Fleet consisted of 27 Sail 1500 Portugueses and 600 Malabares and Canaras They anchored in the Port of Ormuz on the 26th of March. Immediately came aboard a Visit and Presents from the King But what best pleased Albuquerque was that he found there Michael Ferreyra whom he had sent to Xeque Ismael of Persia to procure Amity with him whereof he brought great hopes 3. Raez Hamet was now possessed of the Favour of the King of Ormuz as Coje Atar had been with his Predecessoâ—… both these being dead Among other things Albuquerque sent to demand of him the delivery of the Fort he had begun there and that he should send some Principal Men with the Instrument of the Submission of that Kingdom made by King Ceyfadim All was consented to because there was no power to resist The Governour Raez Nordim came with his Nephew to ratifie all to whom Albuquerque gave rich Presents and by them sent the King a rich Coller of Gold no less valuable for the Workmanship than the Mettal and a Standard with the Portugues Arms to declare the Union between both Nations Publick demonstrations of Joy were made on both sides for this agreement with sound of Warlike Instruments and noise of Cannon On Palm Sunday Albuquerque took possession of the Fort before begun which in few days did rise to a great height and Albuquerque with some of his Captains went into the Houses neighbouring to it 4. Albuquerque prepared to receive an Embassador that came from the King of Persia with Michael Ferreyra with Presents on a Scaffold near those Houses this Audience was so long deferred to shew to those of Ormuz that so powerful a Prince sought his Friendship The King of Ormuz was at a Window to see this Reception The Present consisted of Ounces Brocards Precious Stones and Jewels of Gold and many Silks The Embassador was honourably received and the Treaty concluded with mutual satisfaction 5. Raez Hamet was come from Persia with a design to secure Ormuz and deliver it up to his King Ismael He so far gained upon the King that he absolutely governed him and nothing was done but by his direction The better to carry on the Enterpize he underhand brought People into Ormuz and was actually in readiness to kill the King but deferred it till a more favourable opportunity Albuquerque was informed of all these practices and how much the King desired to be delivered from that oppression he studied and Fortune offered him the occasion of executing it An interview was appointed between the King and Albuquerque His Evil Conscience warned Raez Hamet to shun that danger He proposed Albuquerque should come to the King lest the King going should carry him The other insisted that the King should come to him and carried it upon condition that neither Party should be Armed Some of Raez Hamet's Men broke the Condition carrying hidden Arms. He was armed himself and entring the first with much rudeness Albuquerque cried to his Captains kill him which was instantly obeyed The King came and the Conference began but was interrupted by the noise of the People supposing the King was killed Raez Hamet's Men knowing it was he who was slain ran and possessed themselves of and fortified the King's House Albuquerque would presently have scaled it but was hindred by the King who with the assistance of his Governours found other means to expel those Enemies the City They were to the number of 700 who all went away to Persia. This disorder was succeeded by the Pomp wherewith Albuquerque and all his Captains accompanied the King to his Pallace to the great Joy of the whole City seeing their Prince delivered from that Tyrany and restored to the Majesty of a King Then Albuquerque dispatched the King of Persia's Embassador sending along with
him Ferdinando Gomez with a Present of double the value of that he had received He was to give an account of what had been done at Ormuz He was well received and brought a favourable Answer 6. It requires a larger History to give an account of the Affairs and Kings of Persia. Let it suffice to say that the Valiant Prince Reigning at this time was embroiled in War with the Turk which was one cause of sending this Embassie hoping to make an advantage of our Arms against his Enemy 7. Whilst the Fort was building or rather finishing Albuquerque persuaded the King it was for the safety of the City to put all their Cannon into the Fort pretending thereby to secure them against their Enemies but in reality to disable them from offending him Security is a Powerful Argument where there is Fear The King and his Governours though with some reluctancy consented to all was demanded The Command of the Fort was given to Peter de Albuquerque So was that Rich and Powerful Kingdom brought under the Portugues subjection rather to the advantage than detriment of its Natural Kings more oppressed before by the tyranny of their Ministers than by the Tribute they afterwards paid Besides the security it enjoyed being protected by our Arms but that Liberty is sweeter than all other Conveniencies 8. These Affairs settled Albuquerque applied himself to dispatch the Trading Ships homeward-bound He sent to this purpose his Nephew Don Garcia de Noronha with most of the Fleet to Cochin staying behind himself to conclude such affairs as required his Presence Soon after he fell sick and the Disease increasing was persuaded for the recovery of his health to go to India which he consented to to the great grief of the King who looked upon him as a Father By the way he met the News that there were arrived in India 12 Ships from Portugal who brought Orders for him to return home Lope Soarez who Commanded them being appointed his Successor hearing this he cried out Lope Soarez Governour of India this is he it could be no other Dâ—… Iames Mendez and Iames Pereyra whom I sent Prisoners for hainous Crimes return the one Governour of Cochin the other Secretary It is time for me to take Sanctuary in the Church for I have incurred the Kings displeasure for his Subjects sakes and the Subjects anger for the King's sake Old Man fly to the Church it concerns your Honour you should die and you never omitted any thing that concerned your Honour Then lifting his Eyes and Hands to Heaven gave God thanks a Governour came so opportunely not doubting he should die He was seized with a profound Melancholy and arrived at Dabul almost in the Arms of Death and there writ these last Lines to the King This is Sir the last Letter which I write to your Highness now under the Pangs of Death of many that I writ full of Life because mine was then free from the Confusion of the last Hour and employed in your Service I left in that Kingdom a Son called Blas de Albuquerque I beg your Highness will make him as great as my Service deserves As to the Affairs of India it will answer for it self and me Upon the Bar of Goa which he called his Land of Promise he gave up the Ghost on the 16th of December in the 63d year of his Age in his Perfect Senses and like a Good Christian. He was buried in a Chappel built by himself at the City Gate and called Sennora de la Sierra or Our Lady of the Mountain He was Second Son to Gonçalo de Albuquerque Lord of Villaverde and of Donna Leonor de Meneses Daughter of Alvaro Gonzales de Atayde first Count of Atouguia He had been Master of the Horse to King Iohn the Second Of a moderate Stature his Countenance pleasing and venerable by the Beard which reached below his Girdle to which he wore it knotted that and his Complexion very White his Picture shews his Breeches Doubleâ—… Cloak Cap and Coif all Black with Gold Trimming the Wastcoat striped with Green Velvet with small Spots like Studs It was doubted whether he was a better Man or Officer When Angry his Looks somewhat Terrible when Merry Pleasant and Witty He was twice before Ormuz twice before Goa and twice before Malaca three Famous Islands and Kingdoms in Asia whereof he gloriously Triumphed 9. After a long resistance made by the People of Goa his Bones were brought to Lisbon and buried in the Church of Our Lady of Grace He was the first had the Title of Governour of India as Don Francisco de Almeyda the first of Viceroy End of the Second Part of the First Tome THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM II. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Anton. de Noronna from the Year 1564 till 1568 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. WE concluded the Second Part with the Arrival at Goa of the Viceroy D'Anton de Noronna His good Service in India preferred him to the command of Ormur and his wise Conduct there to the Government of India 2. With him went four Ships and he was received with a general Satisfaction He immediately sent Relief to Cananor which was Besieged giving the Command of the Land to D. Antony de Noronna and that of the Sâ—…a to Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque with a good Fleet. D. Francis Mascarenas who was there with a Squadron before deliver'd it to him and went away to his Command of Moçambique This was occasion'd by that Morish Woman spoke of in the end of Iohn de Mendoça his Government 3. Peter de Silva and Meneses had the command of seven Ships given him to secure the Boats that brought Provisions to Goa whereof their was a scarcity About the River Cannaroto he lost sight of three of his Ships by stress of Weather and after found them encreased to six for the three had met and taken as many of the Malabars and were sailing after their Admiral Returning to the Place where they were dispersed between the Islands and the Continent they met the More Murimuja with seventeen Paraos well provided to meet all dangers He instantly made to our Ships and after the discharge of Cannon on both sides they boarded and having received some damage the Portugueses sunk two and took five one of them being Murimujas who was kill'd the others flying were pursued to the River Pudepatan where three Paraos and above fifty Almadies or great Boats came to their Relief Ouâ—… Cannon repulsed them and they run up the River Of the Enemy five hundred were killed and three Portuguses 4. The Viceroy being in care for Cananor sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with four Ships Being at Anchor in the Bay of Bateâ—…ala the Malabar Pyrat Canatali came upon him with seven Paraos loaded with Booty taken on the Northern Coast. Paul seeing him come sets out to meet him After the usual Salutes with their Cannon Canatale with three
of his Ships lays D. Paul's Galliot on Board the others did the like to the other three whereof two shamefully fled the third stood by it till he was sunk Now all the Enemies force fell upon D. Paul who with fifty Men he had did things behond belief killing above two hundred Mores but with the loss of thirty Portugueses D. Paul was so wounded he was forc'd to sit down and gave order to make to the Enemy who was drawn off Canatale who was preparing to fall on again seeing the Galliot beyond Expectation make at him stood away D. Paul return'd to God being in no condition to reach Cananor 5. There our Men were much streightned by the number of the Enemies who were Masters of the Field Andrew de Sousa made a good resistance till he dying and D. Antony de Noronna succeeding him with the relief he carried in several reâ—…counters they kill'd above Two thousand Mores and cut down Forty thousand Palm-trees This is the greatest harm can be done that People because those Trees are their princiâ—…l Sustenance The City enrag'd hereat â—…ll'd together all the Neighbourhood to the number of Ninety Thousand to take Revenge They had the boldness to assault and scale thâ—… Forâ—… with such confidence of carrying it that they had before-hand divided the Booty Nicâ—…aripo a Nayre did us great Service advising D. Payo de Noronna then commanding there to put the Men and Riches of the Town as not tenable into the Fort. All was drawn in except D. Antony de Noronnâ—… and his Men who said he would live and die by those Walls and staid accordingly The Men all prepared themselves for Death and stood at their Arms all the last night 6. By break of day the Enemy attack'd the Works with great crys and above Two thousand of them entred the City In one place Emanuel Travaâ—…s with Thirty Men did great Execution upon them D. Antony appear'd in all Parts Thomas de Sousa Gasper de Brito and the two Betancores made great slaughter at their Posts The Field was so cover'd that never a Bullet was lost The Enemy began to give back when two Cazices brought them on again The assault lasted till Sun-setting then the Enemy retired to their Camp with a resolution to protract the Siege About Five thousand of them were kill'd 7. At this time came Gonâ—…la Pereyra with his Fleet and was a great encouragement to them all and after him Alvaro Paez de 〈◊〉 to succeed D. Payo They both prosecuted the War and utterly destroyed the City of Aderrajao who commanded at the Siege and cut down a great Wood of Palm-trees with considerable slaughter to the Enemy and without losing one Man This was the end of that Siege CHAP. II. Continues the Government of D. Anton. de Noronna 1. THE Tyrant Raju disturb'd the Peace of Ceylen resolving to make himself Master of the whole Island He gather'd a numerous Army and the better to surprize the Portugueses in Columbo gave out his design was upon Cota He encamped between the two Forts and alarming Cota imagin'd they were unprovided at Columbo and suddenly attacques it by Night so that above Two thousand Men mounted the Walls but were as soon thrown down by the Commander Iames de Ataide and his Men. The Assault was renew'd but at length the Enemy having lost Five hundred Men retired Raju resolv'd to carry both places by Famine since he could not by force At Cota he attempted to drain the Ditch by turning away the River and had compassed it had not Peter de Ataide with some Musqueteers oblig'd his Workmen to give over killing Three hundred of them It is said a Cloud miraculously hung between our Men and the Enemy which conceal'd the former from the latter but not them from us so that they fired at a Mark without being seen 2. But now Provisions began to fail in Cota and they fed on things loathsom Ataide thinking to take some of the Enemies Elephants that were in a Wood hard by sallied out with Eighty Men but being over-power'd with a multitude was forc'd to retire having lost two Raju knowing how famine raged had corrupted not only the Natives but some Portugueses Luis Carvallo rather through Dispair than good Will discover'd the Treason and Ataide without taking notice he knew it gain'd the Hearts of the Conspirators by favouring and cherishing them The little Silver he had he coin'd and distributed among them 3. George de Melo commanding in the Island Manâ—…r easily perswaded the King of Candea as being an Enemy to Raju to invade his Country now he was absent thinking by that means to draw him from the Siege He sent Five thousand Men and with them Thirty â—…gueses commanded by Belchior de Sousa they destroyed all as they went and â—…tterly faâ—…ed the great City Chilao yet Raju 〈◊〉 stir'd On the contrary he prepar'd 〈◊〉 Assault Cota by Night A Chingala Woman appear'd at the foot of the Bastion Preaâ—… desiring to be carried to our Captain 〈◊〉 discover'd to him Raju's design and 〈◊〉 the saving of the City Some believed 〈◊〉 Woman was an Angel the truth is she was Mistress to one of our Souldiers and â—…ing her Lover's danger made this discoâ—… There is nothing so â—…d but at someâ—… does good 4. Peâ—… de Ataide sent Antony de Silvâ—… to 〈◊〉 to order Iames as soon as he hearâ—… Câ—…on 〈◊〉 at Night to sally with his Men and fall upon the back of Raju's Army that would be then busie in the Assault George de Melo was already come thither from Manar with One hundred Men seeing the Project of Candea take no effect In the dead of Night the Enemy attacks the City on all hands and finds those of Cota ready to receive him Yet killing some of the Defendants they enter the Works in one place thither the King and Peter hast and with incredible bravery drive them out again Stephen Gouzales Captain of the Innamos with Seven Men did the like upon the like occasion 5. At this time came from Columbo the other Ataide and Melo who by reason of the darkness of the Night could do no more but fire the Enemy's Camp and return to their Fort lest if he succeeded here he should immediately attack it Raju in Person with the Flower of his Army attacks the Bastion of Preacota where he found Fifty Soldiers that seem'd to him to be Fifty thousand by the harm they did him These Men afterwards declared That they saw in the Air a beautiful Woman who with her Vail cover'd them and received therein the Enemies Bullets and Arrows whereof many returned upon and kill'd them By her side was a venerable old Man with a General 's Staff in his hand This was supposed to be the Blessed Virgin and St. Ioseph Raju in the Morning seeing this great disappointment fled to Ceytavaca leaveing above Two thousand Men dead 6. Peter de Ataide fearing he might return and being quite destitute of
the Borders of Bengala to those of Cinde The Kings of Decan Nizamaluco Idalca and Cutubixa jealous of that Grandure entred into a League to suppress it They took the Field with Fifty thousand Horse and Three hundred thousand Foot The King of Bisnagar met them with double that Power and his Age was double being Ninety six Years old He had the better at first but Fortune turning to the other side he lost his Head and they remained Victorious They spent five Months in plundering Bisnagar and yet they were not the â—…rst for the Natives in three days time had carried away One thousand five hundred and fifty Elephants loaded with Money and Jewels worth above One hundred Millions of Gold and the Royal Chair for great Days that could not be valued Notwithstanding all this Idalxa found a Diamond as big as an ordinary Egg on which the late King's Horse's Feather used to be fixed and another tho' not so large yet of an extraordinary size besides other Jewels of incredible value That Crown was divided between the Sons and Nephews of the deceased CHAP. III. Continues the Government of D. Anton de Noronna in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. THE beginning of this Year Gonzalo Pereyra Marramaque sailed for Amboino with One thousand Men in Twelve Ships Embassadors from that Island having represented in how great danger those were who had newly receiv'd the Faith D. Emanuel de Noronna sailed for Banda and was stabbed by the way by the Purser of his Gally whom he had affronted with a Cane Great Men may command but not abuse the lesser for the small have Honour as well as the great No Man though never so little owes any submission in Point of Honour to the greatest and in point of Condition he owes no more than he pleases to impose upon himself Alvaro Paez de Sotomayor the War of Cananor being ended sails for the Coast of Malabaâ—… with twenty Sail Iames Lopez de Mesquita with three for the Molucos D. George de Meneses Barroche for the Red Sea with four Galleons one Gally and four small Vessels Lisuarte de Aragon for Ceylon with one Ship D. Leonis Pereyra for Malaca with six George de Moura for the North with the same number D. Francis Mascarennas for Olala to suppress that Queen who was about to refuse her Tribute for this use Twenty-seven Ships were allotted and Iohn Peixotâ—… went before with eight of them 2. The Viceroy was fitting a good Fleet in order to follow those that were gone before to Olala designing to build a Fort at Mangalor to curb Bucadevi Chantar the Queen The Fleet consisted of seven Gallies two Galleons and five small Vessels and carried about 3000 fighting Men. 3. The Viceroy anchor'd in the Bay of that City called Mangalor and Olala seated on the Banks of a River that washes both sides of it not far distant from the Sea whence was to be seen a Wall wherewith the Queen had fortified her self within which and the other Works were Thirteen thousand Men with sufficient Cannon The Viceroy divided his Men into six Battalions and landed on the 4th of Ianuary At night the Portugueses sitting to supper and to play with many lights and the same security as if they had been at Goa the Enemy laying hold of the Opportunity sallied in a body of Five hundred followed by Fifteen hundred fell upon and put them into such a disorder they scarce had time to take their Arms. D. Francis Mascarennas who had the advanced Post fared worst and though he fought well lost several Men most perhaps killed by our own Fire for through the darkness and confusion no body knew what they aimed at D. Luia de Almeyda relieved him with his Men who all slipped away to nine that behaved themselves with incredible Valour 4. On the Eve of the Epiphany they gave the Assault and being as desirous of Revenge as entring the City soon forc'd their way and fired the Town at the same time cutting down the Palm-trees The Queen fled to a Mountain Of the Enemy Five hundred were slain about Forty of the Portugueses The Viceroy immediately laid the Foundations of the Fort giving it the name of St. Sebastian because the first stone was laid upon his day and that day chose in Honour of our King then Reigning By the middle of March the Work was finished with a Church and other Conveniencies He gave the command of it to his Brother-in-Law Antony Pereyra with 300 Men and Ammunition for six Months and returned to Goa Afterwards in the time of D. Luis de Ataides Government the Queen sued for a Peace and purchased it by a new imposition of Tribute and a summ of ready Money 5. The King of Achem had now entred into a League with many Princes of the East and the Turk who desired to get footing in India not doubting with this united Power of carrying Malaca He Imbarqued with his Wife and Children as if he had gone to take Possession of rather than to Besiege that City On a sudden he appear'd before it with 450 Sail 200 Brass Cannons and 20000 Men. D. Leonis Pereyra was at that time on the Shore celebrating the Birth-day of King Sebastian with a certain Exercise used among Portugueses on Horseback and perceiving some of the Company were surprized at the sight of the Fleet he ordered the Sport to continue drawing down nearer to the Shore that the Enemy might not imagin they could disturb his Pastime 6. Afterwards he gave the necessary Orders and making a review found he had Fifteen hundred Men whereof only Two hundred were Portugueses The King of Achem began with Complements and shews of desiring accommodation but all tended only to discover what was the Condition of the Town D. Leonis who understood him was wary and carried it on with dissimulation At length the King perceiving no artifice succeeded and that he advanc'd but slowly resolved to put the whole Event upon onâ—… furious Assault After the Discharge of thâ—… Cannon above two hundred scaling Ladders were laid to the Wall with great Shouts on both sides D. Leonis had also distributed his Men in their several Posts The Priests had undertaken to defend one but no sooner did the Enemy attack than they fled to the Church 7. In the heat of the Action a Party of ours sallies out upon the Enemies Works making a great slaughter among the rest was killed the King of Aru. Our Men retired with one Cannon and loaded with Musquets Cimiters and Heads of all sorts of People that compos'd that Army having lost but one Portugues and six Malayes The Enemy encourag'd by the King who looked on mounted our Works and were as soon thrown down by the Defendants The King in a rage stamp'd and blasphem'd and seeing three days furious Assault had not gained a foot of Ground he utterly despair'd of Success therefore with great Secrecy Shipping off all his Army and Train except
shun them resolved to sell his Life as dear as he could The whole Fleet attacks them and tears all their Rigging to pieces Night parted and Morning brings them together again three Gallies board them and are beaten off The Fight lasted three days the King having lost forty Vessels and many Men returned into his Harbor As much of our Ship got to Malaca as was hid by the Water all that was above being shattered to pieces and thus for that time was Malaca delivered of that trouble 10. Miran a King between the Mogul and Cambaya design'd to possess himself of the Crown of Cambaya to which he thought he had the best Title since it had been usurped from the lawful Heirs upon the Death of Badur He treated about it with the Viceroy offering him at present a sum of Mony and afterwards some Towns if he would assist him in gaining that Kingdom and expelling the Tyrant Himican The Viceroy admits the Proposals sends an Embassador of his own with the Kings and makes such diligent Preparations that on a sudden the Sea of Goa was covered with 140 Sail. To amuze the Enemy he gave out the Design was against Malabar Whilst an Answer could come from Miran the Viceroy to keep his Men out of Idleness sailed towards the Rivers of Braçalor and Onor whose Banks are peopled by Canara's who at the Iâ—…stigation of the Malabars refused to pay the Acknowledgments due to the Portugueses CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide 1. WHilst the Viceroy was busie in these Preparations four Ships from Lisbon arriv'd opportunely at Goa D. Paul de Lima with one Galleon and six Ships and Martin Alfonso de Melo Commander of Baçaim meditating Revenge against the Kings of Cole and Sarcetas got together One hundred and thirty Horse and Eight hundred Portugues Foot The Enemy had Four hundred of the former and Two thousand of the latter yet were put to flight and even in the flight cut off Emanuel Pereyra and all his Men. So much is an Enemy to be fear'd even when he flies The Cities of Darila and Varem were destroyed and all the Countries about them D. Paul in his return took two Ships of the Enemy though forsaken by some of his own Vessels and those that left him had afterwards the Impudence to boast of the Victory The Viceroy receiv'd D. Paul with much Honour and one of those that had forsaken him coming to kiss as was the Custom the Viceroy's Cloak he said to him Keep off go kiss your Mother's hand 2. In November the Viceroy set out of Goa with above One hundred and thirty Sail some of them were Tenders and some Merchants In the fighting Ships were Three thousand Portugueses besides Indians He entred the River of Onor and landed Two thousand three hundred Men not without opposition The place seem'd impregnable both by Art and Nature yet our Men with great difficulty beginning to ascend the Hill notwithstanding the Bullets that fell from above soon discovered the People flying out of the City and the Queen of Guarcopa retiring to the Inland as despairing the Fort could hold out though Garrison'd with Five hundred resolute Men and well stored with Artillery and Ammunition 3. The City which was rich and beautiful was first Plundered and then reduced to Ashes Our Forces sat down before the Fort and batter'd it without intermission four days without the least molestation from a Body of the Natives who came to hinder their Progress Which the Besieged perceiving surrendred upon condition to march away without Arms. The Booty was small the most considerable part of it Cannon and Ammunition The next day being St. Catharines a place was cleansed to say Mass in The Command of it was given to George de Moura with Four hundred Men half of them Portugueses 4. Here the Ingenier Simon de Ruan fought alone with thirty of the Enemy till he fell as was thought dead but as they put him into a Shroud a small motion was perceived and soon after to the admiration of all Men he recovered In this Action we lost twenty Men. Next the Viceroy passed to Bracalor which is much like the other in strength and situation The Landing was somewhat more difficult being obstructed by 11000 Men but at length Two hundred of them being killed with the loss of nine on our side our Men possessed themselves of a Work which much dismay'd the Enemy 5. Those in the Fort before the Viceroy could besiege abandon'd it Soon after the Kings of Tolar and Cambolim attack the Fort on a very dark Night but found Peter Lopez Rabelo who commanded it with Two hundred Men so ready to receive them that they lost Three hundred killing only five of his and despairing of any Success concluded a Peace with the imposition of a greater Tribute than they paid before The Viceroy had an interview with those two Princes and the Queen of Cambolim and they parted very good Friends Above a Month was spent in building a new Fort in a convenient place which was the mid-way between the City and the Mouth of the River The Command of it was given to Antony Botello who spilt the first Blood in this Action 6. The Viceroy was in great care that he received no answer from Miran But there is no security in humane Policies Miran thought to tie the Mogol to his Interest by marrying his Brother to the Mogol's Sister But scarce did the Brother assisted by his Father-in-law the Mogol see Miran march towards Cambaya when he enters his Kingdom with a great Power and Miran having notice hereof was forced to stay to secure a certainty of his own rather than to go to a doubtful Purchase The Viceroy was much concern'd at this News and having no present Imployment for so great a Fleet divided it into several Squadrons and sent them upon different Expeditions D. Peter de Casto had one to secure the Ships trading to Goa Ferdinand Tellez who not not long before had taken some Ships of the Enemy went with another to the North. Of his Squadron were Ruy Diaz Cabral and D. Henry de Meneses who being separated from him met fifty Sail of Malabars and rashly fell upon them Ruy Deaz and seventy Men they both commanded were all killed D. Henry from among the dead was carried into slavery and after ransom'd D. Emanuel Pereyra and Iohn de Silva Barreto came too late to prevent this Misfortune but not to put the Enemy to flight after receiving and doing much harm 7. The Viceroy resented this loss not so much for its greatness as because it was the first time Fortune had frowned on him He went to Mangalor twelve Leagues to the Southward to appease some Disturbance that lessened the King's Revenue and was prejudicial to Trade This proceeded from the Enmity between the King of Banguâ—… and Queen of Oâ—…la the Dominion of the latter lies to the South and that of the other
to the North of that Place The Viceroy being better received at Mangalor than he expected had a meeting with those two Princes and agreed their Differences In his return to Goa he left with Antony Botello Commander of Braçalor for the Security of that Place six hundred fresh Men and Antony Cabrall at Sea with three Vessels well provided At Onor he added to George de Moura Five hundred Men and left on that Sea Francis and Rocque de Miranda Brothers with six Ships who with Fire and Sword destroyed some Towns and Ships because they rebelled as soon as the Viceroy had turned his back 8. At the end of this Year arrived at Goa five Ships from Portugal The Queen of Guarcopa who was fled to the Mountain rather for fear than good Will came now to an Accommodation 9. In those Seas were left D. Iames de Meneses with Forty two Sail Luis de Melo de Silva with fifteen Vincent de Saldaâ—…na with eight D. Iohn Coutinno with Four and D. Francis de Almeyda with Two Galleons The first of these carried Fire and Sword all along the Coast of Malabar to the Terror of all that Empire The strong Towns of Coulete Tiâ—…acole Capocate Padrarigale Panane and Calicut felt this fury Above 1000 Heathens were killed or made Prisoners above Sixty Vessels taken and many more sunk and burnt We lost but four Men in all those Actions 10. Zamori thought to put a stop to the Ruine of his Country by offering Proposals of Peace but no Ear was given to them The Weather effected what that did not it being no longer practicable to lie upon that Coast. Luis de Melo disappointed the Artifices of the Queen of Guarcopa who treated of Peace and prepared for War He burnt many of her Towns ravaged the Country and demolished her Fort of Sanguise Vincent Saldanna in the Sea of Mangalor did his Duty securing our Ships that traded that way D. Iohn Coutinno did the same about Cambaya Cochim and Chaul D. Francis de Almeyda disabled and put to flight at Diu six Malabar Galliots that attempted the entring that â—…ort to burn the Ships that were in it 11. In the beginning of Winter the Viceroy fitted out two Squadrons to relieve Onor and Daman fearing the Mogol design'd against the last and the Queen of Guarcopa against the other His greatest care was for Onâ—…r hearing the Enemy had attempted to desâ—…roy ouâ—… Men by Treachery bribing some Caâ—…raes who were in it to poison our Men with the Fruit of the Herb Duâ—…uro whose quality is such it makes Men forget all things and renders them wholly insensible even of Wounds The Treachery was discovered and the Conspirators hanged over the Walls in sight of them that employed them who then betook themselves to open force having failed in this private Practice At that time entred the Port a Galley and three other Vessels with a Body of choice Men for the Relief of the Fort. 12. The Wickedness of the Portugueses in killing the King of Ternate began to be punished That King's Son and Heir had commenced his Revenge as was said before and now sent his Unkle Calacinco with twelve Gallies to Amboina He was near taking our Fort whilst the Commander of it D. Duarte de Meneses was consulting far off with Gonçalo Pereyra about the manner of maintaining it but Baltasar de Sousa who supplied his place defended it well Baltasar Vieyra saved it killing with a Musquet Shot a Caciz of Note upon whose Death the Enemy withdrew to the Island Varenula and had they not retired they had carried the Fort before Pereyra and Meneses could come to relieve it 13. They being come Pereyra puts to Sea with six Sail. One of them commanded by Lawrence Furtado being hard set by the Enemies Admiral Furtado leaps into it and kills the old Commander and the Galley was taken two other were also taken and the Enemy fled to other Islands not thinking themselves safe at Varenula Above Nine thousand Men were killed in these Expeditions 14. Whilst this happened at Amboina the Fort at Tornate was so close besieged that our Men wished for Vermin to feed on having eaten all that could be found The King perceiving the besieged did not treat of a Surrender joined with the King of 〈◊〉 dore gave so furious an assault that he 〈◊〉 twenty Portugueses and entred the Treâ—…es The next Night they had as good success Luis de la Mo defended his Bastion with great Bravery and Belchior Vieyra for this time delivered the Fort killing Beneuoa General of Tidore at which sight his Men fled Pereyra hearing of this Posture of Affairs left Sancho de Vasconcelos to command at Amboina because D. Duarte was dead and hasted to Ternate with three Vessels that rowed and One hundred Men. At Bacham where the King was our friend he encreased to fourteen Sail. 15. The Confederate Kings set out to meet Pereyra with fifty Coracoraes which are great Gallies Pereyra receives them and they fought with much bravery The King of Tidore attacks our Admiral Galley but being almost killed drew back with his Galley quite disabled The Enemy gave way and Pereyra came to the Fort and brought fresh vigor with that Success But those of Ternate were so intent upon Revenge that they continued the Siege five Years and our Men were forced to abandon the Fort. The King of Tidore received those that would stay with him the rest dispersed into several Countries We shall see in time how they were expelled Tidore And it is rather a wonder they continued there so long being guilty of such Villainies than that they were at last drove away But great Storms threaten India now and our Viceroy is preparing to meet them CHAP. VII The dangerous Sieges of Goa and Chaul and first of the foremost continuing the Government of D. Luis de Ataide and Reign of King Sebastian 1. ALL humane Grandure is subject to Envy The Princes of Asia seeing the vast increase of the Portugues Power resolved to give it one fatal Blow and to this purpose entred into a League which was five Years in forming and concluding and carried on with wonderful secrecy 2. These Princes were Hidalcan Alecdaxa Nizamaluco Xaoxem and Zamori Their Design to extirpate the Portugueses in India To this effect they raised powerful Armies and made so sure of the success that they had before hand divided their imagined Conquests The first was to have Goa Onor and Braçalor the second Chaul Damam and Baçaim and the third Cananor Mangalor Cochim and Chale Hidalcan had assigned his principal Men Offices at Goa and some Portugues Women that were cried up for Beauties The King of Achem was at the same time to make an attempt upon Malaca In fine those Princes broke out like impetuous Torrents covering the Fields with multitudes oâ—… Men. Hidalcan marched to besiege Goa Nizamaluco to Chaul without any respect to the Peace which had been no way
first Proposals But still the Siege was carried on and April was began Seven hundred Mores attack a Pass Two hundred Portugueses at first opposed them but seeing they were relieved fled in such Disorder that neither their Officers nor the Viceroy could rally them Their two Captains were killed 6. The Action of D. Iames de Meneses relating to Zamori shall be referred to the Chapter of Chaul that of Luis de Melo is fit for this place He set out with Fourteen Sail in search of the Fleet of Achem and met it near that Port it consisted of Sixty Sail well Manned and provided with Cannon commanded by the King's Son and Heir Melo and he met first and our first Shot killed him and several of his Men. The Fleets met and fought resolutely on both sides but the Enemy was utterly destroyed three Galleys and six small Vessels taken all the rest sunk but one We lost not one Man of the Enemy Twelve hundred were killed and Three hundred made Prisoners Melo returned to Malaca with the Vessels and Cannon he had taken and thence sent some Men to the Malucos and came to Goa with Fifteen hundred and Vasco Lorenço de Barbuda whom he found at Cochim preparing to bring some Relief 7. These Commanders being come to Goa took their Posts Meneses executing his Office of Admiral was carried off wounded at such time as Three thousand of the Enemy began to enter the Island of Iohn Lopez Antony Fernandez de Cale with One hundred and twenty Men met and put them to flight killing a great number 8. During this time before Winter came on several Attempts were made upon the Enemies Quarters and Inroads into the Country always with success One Night One hundred and fifty Men beat the Enemy out of a Post at Benastarim and after another at Angoscan ruining all the Works they had raised They did the same at Xatiarâ—…ao Chatigan and Rachol burning Villages demolishing the Works and killing very many 9. Hidalcan though almost in despair began to plant Gardens and other Works as if he designed either to take Goa or live in that Field He resolved to enter the Island with Nine thousand Men at the Pass of Mercantor which was not guarded because the River is wide there Our Men hearing a Drum which never beats but when that Prince marches in Person run thither and saw him on the other side encouraging his Advice being brought to the Viceroy he sent several Parties and followed himself In spight of all opposition Five thousand Men got over under the Command of the Turk Soliman Aga Captain of the Guard Fresh Men still flocked to the Viceroy till he was Two thousand strong All the Posts which extended two Leagues were in Action 10. All the Thirteenth of April from Morning till Night the attack lasted and from the next Morning till the Day following Hidalcan all the while looking on cursing his Prophet Mahomet and throwing his Turbant on the Ground Of the Portugueses scarce Twenty were killed of the Enemy almost Four thousand and among them Soliman Aga Hidalcan's Brother-in-Law and other Persons of Note some Colours and Plunder were taken 11. F. George de St. Lucia a Dominican and Bishop of Malaca foretold this Success to the Viceroy Hidalcan raged and in publick vowed not to stir thence but in private wished a conclusion but used not the means He proposed a Pence and despaired of concluding it upon the Terms he offered one of them was the Surrender of Goa as if the Portugueses had all this while tought for any thing but to keep it Our Viceroy treated with Norican about killing the King offering him either the Crown of great Power in the Government Norican admits the Proposals and as the blow was ready to be given the Treachery was discovered he secured and so the other Conspirators desisted This was about the end of April 12. The treaty of Peace failing the Siege went on but not with the vigour as before The Enemies Cannon ruined our Buildings ours their Men and Parties of ours burnt all the Country Sebastian de Resende with only four Men attempts a Post of the Enemies and killing some would have brought away one alive but he making much opposition Resende was forc'd to kill him Lancelot Picardo and others with forty Men did great execution Antony Fernandez with thirty falling upon Rumercan's Quarters where there was eighty killed eighteen and retired without any damage received The Viceroy leaning one day on a Page a Ball took away his Prop. Being at rest one night he heared a great Noise and instantly came abroad and a Bullet hitting him on the Breast fell at his feet without doing the least hurt 13. Hidalcan to divide and weaken the Viceroy again perswades the Queen of Guarcopa to attack Onor She consents and joining Three thousand Men of her own to Two thousand sent by him besieges the Fort. It was the middle of Iuly the dead of Winter there when the Viceroy received Advice thereof He sent instantly Antony Fernandez de Chale with two Galleys and eight Vessels and what Men they could contain Antony in five days enters that Port and joining with George de Moura commanding there falls upon the Enemy and puts them to flight killing many and bringing all the Cannon into the Fort. About this time Zamori broke out in another place but that requires a particular Chapter 14. The Viceroy underhand endeavoured to stir up other Princes to invade Hidalcan's Dominions by that means to draw him from the Siege Both endeavoured to hide their desire of Peace Hidalcan made appear as if he resolved not to stir and the Viceroy as if he valued not his lying there In fine the whole Winter was spent and towards the end of August when Summer begins and the Enemy might better keep the Field the number of Tents was seen to decrease then the Men and lastly the Cannon vanished without coming to any accommodation after a Siege of ten Months wherein the Enemy lost Twelve thousand Men Three hundred Elephants Four thousand Horses and Six thousand Oxen part by the Sword and part by the Weather Thus Goa was suddenly delivered Let us now see what was done at Chaul by Nizamaluco the second Chief of this League CHAP. IX The Siege of Chaul 1. NIzamaluco keeping time with Hidalcan set down before Chaul at the same time the other did before Goa His General Faretecan invested the place with Eight thousand Horse and Twenty thousand Foot and on the last day of November the Enemy broke ground with a horrid noise of warlike Instruments 2. Luis Ferreyra de Andrade a Man well deserving such a Post commanded at Chaul and laboured long under great Wants of all Necessaries supplying those Defects with his and his Men's Valour till D. Francis Mascarennas came to his assistance with Six hundred Men in four Gallies and five small Vessels and some Barques loaded with Ammunition and Provision 3. The
There were thrown into the City above Six Thousand Cannon-Balls some of a prodigious Bigness and Nizamalâ—…co was making Preparations to lie there the Winter Above Two Hundred Portugueses fearâ—…g the Ruin of the City had deserted but instead of them Three Hundred came from Goa which put Chaul into somewhat a better Posture On 〈◊〉 11th of April Ruy Gonçalez de Camara â—…ell upon Five Hundred Moors in an Orchard with such Success that only Fifty of them escaped He took Five Colours and lost only Two Men but had many wounded 8. Fortune could not be always favourable to the Besieged sometimes they must meet Disasters The Moors enraged at that Loss played their great Cannon incessantly A Chance-â—…all from one of them lighting upon one of the Galleys that brought the Relief sunk her downright with all that was in her being â—…rty Men and Goods valued at Forty Thousand Ducats The Moors did not loâ—… rejoyce aâ—… this Accident for Ferdinaâ—…â—…ez fallying the next Day with Four Hundred Men on the Side of St. Francis obtained anotheâ—… 〈◊〉 equal to that of Ruy Goncalez and brought away some Ammunition Arms one Piece of Cannon and other Booty Nizamaluco beheld this Action and mounting on Horse-back offered to come down in Person with a Lance in his Hand then changing it to a Whip in a Rage threatned his Men and upbraided them as Cowards 9. Our Men were now so accustomed to Danger nothing could terrifie them and they seemed to court Death as if she had not been busie enough about them Some of our Soldiers being employed levelling the Enemy's Works we had driven them from about St. Francis and being more handy at the Sword than Spade drew upon themselves a great Number of Enemies whereof they killed above Two Hundred not without Loss on our Side 10. D. Iohn de Lima Francis de Sá and D. Nunno Alvarez went out to discover some Mines it was thought the Enemy was carrying on They executed their Command entring those Quarters where they put all that were in them to the Sword In these two Actions we lost Six Private Soldiers and D. Luis de Gastellobranco who having lost one Leg offered the other D. Iohn de Lima who seeing a Moor miss several Shots he made at him stood still till he was killed performing his Promise made on his Brother D. Duarte's Grave that he would soon follow him Anthony de Fonseca he who hung by his Lance at Parnel and laughed at the Enemy Francis Barradas and Ruy Pereyra de Sa and Five other Gentlemen of note 11. After the King had made it appear he designed to continue the Siege all the Winter and all Things were on both Sides disposed in order thereto Faretecan made some Overtures of Peace but without any visible Commission from his Prince who caused him to be apprehended not for acting therein without Orders for doubtless he had private Instructions but upon suspition that he was corrupted It was no wonder if Nizamaluco desired a Peace after lying before a Town Seven Months without any Success but losing as many Thousand Men. Nor was it strange the Portugueses should wish it having already lost above Four Hundred of their own besides Indians But the Hopes of Peace being extinguished by the Imprisonment of Faretecan George Pereyra Coutinno went out with his Ships and without any considerable Loss burnt Three that belonged to Nizamaluco 12. It was now the Beginning of Iune and the Attacks and Batteries were carried on with such Vigour as if they then began The first Attempt was upon D. Nunno Alvarez his House which was lost through Carelesness Yet after it was taken some Gentlemen attempting to recover it lost at least Twenty Portugueses without doing any considerable Execution Next the Enemy possessed themselves of the Monastery of St. Dominick where great Slaughter was made At D. Gonçalo de Meneses his House it was well fought but to our great Loss In all the other Quarters the Cannon-Balls â—…lew like Hail Let us come to the last Assault 13. The Batteries never ceased from the End of May till the End of Iune Nizamaluco resolving to make a Breach fit for his whole Army to try its Fortune On the 28th the Elephants appeared loaded with Castles and the Castles full of Men. A valiant Moor well mounted walked leisurely before all our Works within Musquet-shot and never altered his Pace notwithstanding above Five Hundred Shot was made at him and his Horse wounded he went off unhurt The whole Army expected the Sign to move but it was not given because our Cannon killed an Officer of Note which the King took as an ill Omen and put off the Assault till next Day Six of our Men venturing out of the Works drew a great Multitude of the Enemy within reach of our Shot which was so well bestowed that One Hundred and Eighteen fell down dead and above Five Hundred were wounded with out doing us the least hurt 14. The next Day about Noon the King gave the Signal to fall on and the whole Body of Men and Elephants advanced with horrible Cries and Noise of Warlike Instruments Agalascan attacked Iames Suarez de Albergaria Iohn de Silva Barreto Roderick Homen de Silva and Laurence de Brito in their Posts Faretecan and Sujatecan fell on the Quarter of the Misericordia Misnarrâ—… Captain of the Guards on that of Ruy Gonçalez D. Francis our Commander in Chief being to relieve where-ever the greatest Danger pressed planted himself opposite to the King with part of his Men having distributed the rest where there was need 15. The Day was darken'd with Smoak at Times lighted with Flames the Slaughter and Confusion was great on all Sides Some of the Enemy's Colours were planted on our Works but soon taken or cast down with those who had boldly set them up The Elephants made drunk by the Nayres that they might be the more fierce being burnt and wounded ran madly about the Field One much valued by the King being fired in the Flames ran into the Water and swam over the Bar where one of our Vessels killed him with a Cannon-Shot In fine The Assault ended with the Day the Portugueses remaining Masters of all their Works after killing above Three Thousand of the Enemies among which one was the Son of Agalascan and many more of Note 16. This Action cost us but a few private Soldiers and Eight Gentlemen D. Henry de Meneses being lame having his Legs burnt caused himself to be carried in a Chair Laurence de Brito took a Colours Gonçalo Rodriguez Caldera and Hierome Curvâ—… would not leave their Posts after receiving many dangerous Wounds In fine All did more than mortal Actions it would be a Lessening of others to commend some and we cannot particularize them all 17. The Moors asked Leave to bury their Dead which being granted as they drew them off they asked the Portugueses What Woman it was that went before them in the Fight and whether she was
not given him and he came away for Portugal where that was his Justification for not taking upon him that Command but was not esteemed an Offence to deprive Moniz of the Government as it was with less reason in the Case of D. Antony whereby it appears the Will of Ministers of State makes the Crimes or Merit of such as depend on them 3. This Year passed without any thing remarkable and about the end of it arriv'd six Ships from Portugal They carried an Order for Trying and Executing D. George do Castro for delivering up the Fort of 〈◊〉 to Zamori He was taken into Custody and with him his Wife Donna Felipa who tho' really guilty of the Crime was not liable to undergo the Punishment He suffer'd for her and all that were in fault having his Head cut off upon a Scaffold in the Market Place of Goa and it was observ'd that others who were as much to blame as he did not only escape unpunish'd but were rewarded and it is yet more remarkable that a Year after a Commission was sent from Portugal for D. George de Castro to serve in another Post. 4. Scarce did India begin to breath after so many Troubles and particularly Malaca when the Queen of Iapara sent to Besiege it her General Quiaidaman with 15000 chosen Natives of Iava in almost 80 great Galleons and above 220 smaller Vessels Tristan Vaz de Vega was come back thither from Sunda after the late Victory By common Consent and with much Justice he was chose Commander of that Place D. Francis Enriquez his Predecessor being dead He gave Advice of the danger to the Governor Antony Moniz and he to all the neighbouring Places promising to requite whatever they should do in order to relieve the Besieged whereby such Succours came into them on a sudden as put them into a good posture of Defence 5. Mean while Moniz demanded of the Chamber of Goa to lend him 20000 Pardaos to fit out a Fleet and finding them backward offer'd his Son Duarte Moniz a Boy of eight Years of age as a Pledge the Chamber gave the Money and took the Pledge 6. Whilst this Fleet was fitting out the General of Iava began to act in the same manner the Ring of 〈◊〉 had done attacking Iller and D. Antony de Castro coming with only ten Men to defend it was killed as Bandara had been the last Siege The whole Army landed and lodged themselves â—…ound the Town Vega sent Iohn Pereyra and Martin Ferreyra with 150 men to beat the Enemy from a Post they killed 70 of them levelled their Works and brought off seven Pieces of Cannon Pereyra afterwards burnt above 30 of their Galleons and some great Engines they had framed to attack a Bastion Ferdinand Perez de Andrade a dâ—… Bernardin de Silva burnt their Palisades In all these Actions we lost 15 or 20 meâ—… The River being thus cleared Pereyra with our Vessels besieges the Besiegers and at In takes the Provisions that were coming to them whereupon in great Consternation they Imbarqued and went off by night Pâ—…reyra pursues and cuts off their Rear Almost half the 15000 perished by Fire Sword and Sickness during the Siege which lasted three months and the pursuit of three hours 7. The King of Achem and Queen of Iâ—…para took it by turns for when he left the Port she came in and he now comes in 〈◊〉 she goes out He came now with 40 Gallies some Ships Galliots and other Vessels to the number of 100 with a great Train of Artillery Tristan Vaz order'd Iohn Pereyâ—… in a Galley Bernardin de Silvâ—… in a Caravel and Ferdinand de Pallâ—…res in a Ship with each 40 Men to go out to guard the Provisions that were coming and whereof the City was in great want the Enemy falls upon them and in an instant beat all three to pieces 75 Men perish'd by Fire Sword and Water 40 were taken and only five sav'd themselves by swimming the three Captains fought to their last breath Iohn Pereyra promised sâ—… to do to one who seeing all lost offered hiâ—… a Boat in which he might have escaped Only 150 men remained in Malaca to defend it and of these 100 were sick and aged Want of Men and Ammunition caused them to be very still in the City The Enemy not knowing the Cause imagined they had some cunning Stratagem in hand and in a panick Fear raised the Siege when they might have carried the Town contenting themselves with their success against the three Captains They came into the Port in the beginning of Ianuary and went out about the latter end 8. The Priests Women and Children had cried loud with sighs and tears imploring the Mercy of God which at length they obtain'd Next to God the City was saved by Tristan Vaz de Vega's Courage being ready upon all Occasions and by his liberality having spent above 20000 Ducats wherewith he has purchased a never-dying Honour The Succours the Governour sent came too late 9. D. Iohn de Costa Admiral of the Malabar Seas cruized there victorious with two Gallies and 24 other Vessels He fell upon the Town of Gaipar near Braçalor then in Rebellion kill'd 1500 of the Inhabitants burnt the Town and cut down the Woods Thus the King of Tolar grown haughty was humbled In the River of Chale he destroyed an Island belonging to Zamori Above that his City of Parapangulem could not escape its Ruin The Heir of the Crown coming to the Relief of it was killed with 200 Moors At Capâ—…cate 300 were â—…ain with the loss of two on our side At Mount Delii the Town of Nilachiram was consumed to Ashes Between these Actions several Vessels were taken which supplied the Galleys with Slaves and the Fleet with Provisions 10. Let us now see our Dominion in the Molucos drawing to an end New Commanders were still sent to ruin all by their Avarice with strength to maintain the Fort D. Alvaro de Ataide was now there and Nanno Pereyra under Sail to succeed him The King of Ternate continued the Seige and the place was almost famished It looked as if God had undertaken the Revenge of his Father's Death and assisted him to starve that Garrison for no Succor was sent thither but perished Of all Marramaque his Squâ—…dron not the least Vessel return'd to Goa four Ships that went with Antony de Valadares and Lacerda were cast away in several places and he got thither alone and after him Francis de Lima with a Galliot These were comforts to the Besieged but no perfect Cure The King of Ujantana our Friend supplied the Enemy with Arms. Sancho de Vasconcelos coming from Amboina to succor the Besieged to small effect found a Galleon of his loaded with them in the Port and a Portugues Ship at Banda in danger of falling into the hands of those People For seeing the decay of ouâ—… Affairs on that side every one strove to hasten our Ruin Belchior Botello going
with one Galleon to relieve the Fort was caâ—… away on the Sands Solocos Another in which D. Alvaro was going away after resigning that Command to Nunno was beat to pieces in the Harbor The great Ship of Lionel de Brito came when there was no Fort thereÌ„ and was lost afterwards Other Supplies a great deal of Cannon much Merchandise and Ammunition and above 2000 Men design'd thither perish'd all by lamentable disasters The Murderer of that innocent King was stabbed by the People of Iava rather as Executioners of God's Justice than Enemies to the Portugueses Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque who consented to the Murder died for meer Grief of so many Misfortunes as he sailed for Amboina and was cast into the Sea 11. In â—…ine our Dominion in that Island came to a dishonourable Period for those who had so insolently treated the Ternatenses were forced to beg their Lives of them delivering up the Fort to the King who treated them better than they deserved 12. The King entring the Fort protested before the Portugueses he did not take possession of it for himself but in trust for the King of Portugal and would deliver it to whoever he should appoint as soon as the Murder of his Father was punish'd I believe they never demanded the Fort becausâ—… they would not oblige themselves to do Justice This was the second Place we lost after this manner in Asia The loss of this Place was not punished as that of Chale the Câ—…ime being the same only with this difference that the Tears of the Women extorted the one and the Perswasions of Jesuits the other The arrival of that Ship with sufficient Supplies was a testimony of the Guilt But both places being lost for want of Relief they ought rather to have been Executed who did not relieve than they that surrendred them It was a good answer of the King of Persia to a Portugues Ambassador when asking How many Governours of India the King had beheaded the Ambassador said None Then replied the King The Dominion of the Portugueses in India will not last long 13. Our Affairs at Amboina were not in much better a posture for though Sancho de Vasconcelos did more than could be expected of his force yet it was less than was requisite it was but rising and falling He defeated two Fleets of Ternate killed their Commanders and Cachil Tidore the People of Amboina slew Maladam and many more and eat them for they use to eat those they kill in the Church By his Order Alexander de Mattos destroyed the Island Iamam but at length the Natives killed him and all his Men but afterwards D. Henry Unkle to the King of Tidore coming with Two hundred and fifty Men slew Two thousand of them Two Natives of those Islands as big as Giants killed with their own hands the one above Twenty the other above Thirty Men. San ho returned again and entred the same Town 14. The People of Amboina designed privately to Murder Sancho de Vasconcelos He suspecting that Ruy de Sousa a new Convert and the principal Man of Rosanive was the Author of that Conspiracy sent friendly for and then secured him by the advice of some Portugueses not without the help of the Jesuits believing it was for the better and they ruined all For Sousa escaping out of Prison did what he never had design'd joining our Enemy and killing a good number of our Men which put our Affairs into a desperate Posture 15. This Year F. Peter de Alfaro with three Companions entred the City of Quantung and perceiving he did not profit much there returned to Macao where he built the Church He was a Spaniard and seem'd to foresce that what belong'd now to the Portugueses only would soon belong to his Nation A token of his Sanctity is that perishing by Shipwrack he was afterwards found on the Shore upon his Knees 16. This Year concludes with the arrival of four Ships from Portugal Since there is no Account to be found of what our Governor acted the next Year till D. Iames de Meneses succeeded him let his Government end here and I will go over to the Relation of what was done these very Years in Monomotapa by the Governour Francis Barreto and his Successour Vasco Fernandez Homem Antony Moniz Barreto was a Man deserving of that Post he obtained though he got it not fairly and was one of the best Governors of India the Twenty-sixth of that Number and Second of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XV. The Government of Francis Barreto in Monomotapa beginning in the Year 1569 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. SInce by reason of the Disagreement between Antony Moniz Barreto and the Viceroy D. Antony de Norronna and D. Leonis Pereyra the Government of Malaca one of the three into which that Dominion was divided took no effect let us go over to the other of Monomotapa which was erected though it lasted not long When Francis Barreto returned to Portugal after having been Governor of India he was appointed Admiral of the Gallies He exercised this Command at the time of that memorable Action of Pennon by which he gain'd great Reputation Being come back to Lisbon and the King resolv'd to make that Division of Governments he named him for Monomotapa with the additional Title of Conqueror of the Mines there The great inducement to this Conquest was the Information and Experience of the vast quantity of Gold found particularly at Manica in the Kingdom of Bocaranga 2. The Doubt was whether it were proper for a Man who had been Governour of all our Dominions in Asia and this Southern Part of Africk to accept of this which was the least considerable part into which it was divided but the danger and difficulty of it made amends for the greatness Three things prevailed with him to accept of it the first that he was poor the second that he thought it no lessening to take a less Command in Obedience to his Prince and the third that it was allowed him in case the Viceroy and he met at Sea their Power should be equal in all respects 3. In fine Francis Barreto submitted to his King's Command and the Desires of his Country and sailed from Lisbon in April 1569 as Captain General and Governor of that Conquest with three Ships He carried One thousand Landmen and might have had more if the Vessels could have contained them for the noise of Gold drowned the thoughts of danger and nothing raises Men like the thoughts of gain Among these were many Gentlemen and old African Soldiers Being come to Moçambique he went to subdue the King of Pate who was revolted from us 4. Barreto had Orders not to undertake any thing without the Advice of Francis de Monclaros a Jesuit who was the cause of the ill Success of this Enterprize So great an Error it is to subject a Soldier to a religious Man So indiscreet a Presumption for a religious Man to
Caravels set out from Lisbon with the News of the King's Death one bound for Goa the other for Malaca 5. Henry the Cardinal succeeded in the Throne and from amidst those Ruines dispatched five Ships for India fearing lest the loss of King Sebastian being known new Troubles might arise if those Dominions were not timely supplied 5. The Viceroy understanding that Melique Tocan contrary to the Articles of the Peace concluded the Year before continued at Dabul publickly exercising his Office and was ready to Launch a great Ship to Trade to Meca he resolved to show how much he resented that wrong and to that purpose sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with ten Sail. 7. D. Paul coming to the Mouth of the River found all the Shore fortified and a great number of Cannon planted in all convenient Places He forces his way in through all the Batteries and sees Six thousand Horse and great number of Foot covering the Shore and pouring showers of Bullets and Arrows upon him nevertheless he attempts to burn two Ships belonging to Hidalcan but finding it impossible to come at them for the number of the Enemy's Cannon he runs up the River and spent some days in burning all the Towns along the Coast. 8. The Enemy calls in to their Aid Cartale and Mandaviray two Malabar Pyrats who were in the Sea of Chaul with five Galliots To these Melique joins other five Sail he had ready with Five hundred Turks Persians and other resolute Men. The Shore was cover'd with People that came to see this Action D. Paul prepared to receive them and after the Discharge of the Cannon they came up board and board and hand to hand 9. D. Paul boarded the first Galliot they were ten to ten though the Enemy had the advantage of the bigness of the Vessels and number of Men but our Captains following the Example of their Admiral behaved themselves so bravely that only one of the Enemy's Galliots escaped the rest were all taken We lost but two or three Men in this Action which was as fortunate as any we perform'd in Asia 10. Having taken this Revenge of Melique for his Crime and of Hidalcan for winking at it D. Paul sailed out of the River through the same Dangers he came in losing one Man Being come to Goa with Nineteen Sail whereas he went thence with only Ten the Viceroy came out to receive him and in the hearing of all that were present said What is it you mean D. Paul will you with such Acts of Bravery provoke my Envy to poison you Thus Heroes praise great Men and at the same time upbraid those who enviously Rail at noble Actions 11. The Emperor of Ceylon had some time since by his Ambassadors desired King Iohn III. to send him some Religious Men of the Order of St. Francis to instruct him in the Christian Religion They being come to him he recanted F. Iohn de Villa de Conde was this Year at his Court and had several times confuted the Bramenes disputing of Religion Yet they refusing to yield themselves overcome he offer'd with a lively Faith that he and one of them should be cast into a River full of great Crocodiles or into a great Fire and that his Religion who came out unhurt should be allowed to be the true They refused and the Franciscan immediately reaped the Fruit of this Victory baptising D. Iohn Parea Pandar King of Cota in the same Island 12. The Kingdom of Angola is near Monomotapa whereof we lately spoke and therefore will relate what happened there this Year because it is a remarkable Passage Paul Diaz undertook to War with that King who had treacherously kill'd a number of our Men This Captain with only two Galleys did Wonders on the Banks of the River Coanza till he fortified himself in an Island formed by this and the River Lucula Then joining the King of Congo and other Princes with only 150 Portugueses he several times defeated the Enemy But the most remarkable is the Battle wherein that King had a Million of Men which were put to flight in such Confusion they kill'd one another 13. At the beginning of this Year when the Ships sailed for India our Kingdom by the Death of the old Cardinal King Henry was under the Direction of five Governors who dispatched them They were four whereof one was forc'd back to Lisbon the last sent under a Portugues Government and the last our Viceroy saw For he having done no more than what is related or if he did having left no memory of it died the beginning of the Year having in some manner foretold it For some time before leave being asked of him to bury his Cousin Antony Rotello by his Brother D. Iohn de Ataide he refused it saying He had long since designed that place for himself 14. At the end of his first Government something was said of his Qualities and Merit and I have referred it to this place to speak of his undaunted Courage as a virtue most peculiar to him Some Proof of it has been given in the former Part of his Life I will now give another Instance At the attack as I think of Onor he sailed in a Brigantine sitting on a Chair and a famous Musician by him playing upon a Harp The Enemy's Cannon from the Fort reached the Vessels and grated the Musicians Ear D. Luis who was pleased to hear the Musick seeing him give over as if he had not seen the Cause asked him why he left off the Musician told him and he stretching out his hand said I pray let nothing disturb thee go on with that Tune for it is a very good one 15. One of the Gentlemen that were standing behind him seeing this was too great a Contempt of Danger said Tell that Man if he happens to be killed all will be lost And another answer'd Do not tell him so for if he be killed here are Men enough fit to succeed him 16. D. Luis this second time govern'd the Term of two Years and seven Months and may be reckoned in the number of Viceroys the Thirteenth in that of Governors the Twenty-ninth the First of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XX. The Government of Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses who was named by the Governors of Portugal upon the Decease of the Cardinal King Henry in the Year 1581. 1. THE Ships dispatched by the Governors of Portugal the last Year carried new Patents of Succession In the first was named Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses The Bishop of Malaca D. Iohn Ribeyro Gayo was President at this Ceremony which was celebrated with such Demonstrations of Joy as if there had been no Memory of their fresh Subjects of Tears 2. Whilst the Affairs of Portugal were in this miserable Condition those in the Kingdom of Visapor were no better the Succession being uncertain upon the decease of Hidalcan who died without Heirs in the 23d Year of his Reign and 50th of his Age. He
with five small Vessels from Onor whither he had been sent by the late Governor Nuno de Cuna upon this occasion One of Solyman's Gallies that had been at Diu was forcod into that Port and 't was thought that Queen then a Widow violated the Peace concluded with us by protecting it Gonçalo Vaz calling her to account she Answered The Gally was there against her Will she not being in a condition to binder it but should be glad it were taken by our Vessels The Captain attempted it and after a sharp Engagement was forced to desist having lost 15 Men and among them his Son Iames. He suspected the Queen had assisted the Enemy and refusing some Refreshment she sent for the wounded Men returned some rash Words mixed with Threats The Queen cleared her self and again offered Peace which was concluded and some Portugueses left in that Port to observe what the Queen did towards expelling the Turks 4. We will conclude this Year with the memory of the Arrival of six Ships at Lisbon from India rather for the Bones than the Riches they carried In one of them was the Body of the Great D. Vasco de Gama which the King caused to be laid in his Tomb with the greatest Magnificence that has been seen in this Kingdom 5. This Year Peter de Faria the second time was made Commander of the famous Fort of Malaca Immediately resorted to him Embassadors from the Neighbouring Kings to congratulate and confirm Peace with us The first was of the Bataas in Sumatra upon the Ocean where the Island of Gold was imagined to be and which we earnestly desired to discover but that Design being later we will then speak of this Embassy The second was of Aaru in Sumatra both demanded Assistance against him of Achem. Faria had not yet taken possession of the Command which still D. Stephen de Gama held for a few Weeks One excused himself because his Power was expiring the other because he had not yet commenced Whereas both ought to joyn in relieving that King as well because his Fidelity merited it as because his Kingdom lay between Malaca and Achem and served us for a Bulwark Gama was most in fault being in possession and much pressed by Faria to grant it But we shall soon see him more blameable refusing then what he now urged should be granted Such the Inconstancy of Man 6. Afterwards Peter de Faria sent that King some Relief but it was inconsiderable and came late The King of Achem sent against him his Brother-in-Law Heredim Mahomet with 160 Vessels all of Oars and 12000 Fighting Men. He from the Mouth of the River Puneticam battered Aaru's Fortifications but to no effect so he Landed and entred the Works But was again beaten out with loss of Men and Canon The Besiegers persisting some days lose 3000 Men. They bribe an Officer of the Besieged who treacherously led the King to a dangerous place where he was killed by a Musquet-Ball The Enemy enters the Works and putting all even the Sick to the Sword flew 2000. The Body of the dead King was carried to Him of Achem who caused it to be cut in pieces and boiled in Oil. 7. The Queen of Aaru who was in a Wood hearing the Death of her Husband would have burnt her self alive but being hindred with about 300 Men fell upon the Achems who were plundering the City and slew 200. Being too weak to proceed she returned to the Woods and from thence made Excursions but not able to hold out went over to Malaca with about 600 persons in her Retinue in 16 Vessels Peter de Faria sent his Son Alvaro who had the Command of the Sea to receive her upon the River with pomp and grandeur 8. Faria treated her with much Respect but kept her four Months with only Promises of Succour till she Despairing publickly reproached him for this Neglect and he without any regard gave no other Answer than Turning his Back Private Interest drew away the Commander from the performance of what he owed to a Royal Matron who for her Husbands sake deserved our Aid for her Misfortunes our Pity and for her Merit Respect 9. The afflicted Widow went to the King of Ujantana then at Bintam who scandalized at Peter de Faria's Proceedings offered Assistance and Married her to have the better Title to pretend to the Kingdom of Aaru He sent his Embassador to Achem to demand that Crown as his Right by Marriage The Tyrant would not hear the Embassador nor receive the Present he brought which is the greatest Affront among those Princes but sent a Letter full of Reproaches saying among other things His Letter had been writ upon the Wedding-Table 10. The King of Ujantana provoked by this Affront immediately set out 200 Sail under the Command of his Admiral Lacxemena who Anchored before the Fort of Puneticam and carried it at the first Assault killing 1400 Achems and their Commander Morat Arraez a Turk 11. By this time Heredim Mahomet was Sailing that way with such another Fleet and in it 12000 Fighting Men. The two Fleets met and after a sharp Engagement Heredim being killed by a Canon-Ball his Men dismayed and most of the Fleet was taken by Lacxemena most of the Achems slain and only 14 Vessels got off 12. The King of Achem caused the 14 Captains to be Beheaded because they fled and the Souldiers Beards to be cut off and that upon pain of being sawed alive they should ever wear Womens Habit with a sort of Tabor in their Hands and whenever they affirmed any thing upon Oath they should say As I hope to see my Husband safe or else As I hope to see the Children I have bore prosper This was put in Execution and let it not seem strange for in the time of King Sebastian two Gentlemen for Cowardise were Condemned either to be Beheaded or walk the City of Lisbon with a Spinning-Rock at their Girdle and one of them chose this last 13. But above 20 years after this in 1564 the King of Ujantana possessing Aaru without apprehension he of Achem furiously fell upon and took Him and his Women and put them all to death with barbarous Torments The Kingdom of Aaru he gave to his eldest Son who after died before Malaca as shall appear in its place CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Vice Roy D. Garcia de Noronha 1. LEt us return to our Vice-Roy whom we left at Sea After the danger and loss above related he entred the Port of Diu with 50 Sail. He applauded as was due the Bravery of Antony de Silveyra repaired the Fort and delivered it to Iames Lopez de Sousa to whom the Command was given by the King Let it suffice once for all to note That these Commands are always given by the King and so many Successors named that many of them are in their Graves before they succeed in the Post. A Treaty of Peace was set on foot and
concluded little to our advantage which the Common Vogue I know not whether Infallible attributed to Covetousness 2. Ruy Lorenço de Tavora Commander of Bazaim was close shut up in his Fort by the Forces of the King of Cambaia who were Masters of the Field after having done all that could be expected from him The Vice-Roy sent to his Relief Tristan de Ataide late Commander of Malaca with a Galeon and 3 Barques well Manned The two being joyned repulsed the Enemy with very considerable loss of Men Baggage and Reputation Mean while the Vice-Roy prosecuted the Works at Diu and sent Martin Alfonso de Melo to Command at Ormuz Peter de Faria to Malaca the second time and Michael Ferreyra a Gentleman of Worth 70 years of Age with 12 small Vessels and 400 Men to assist the King of Cota in Ceylon against his Brother Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca who distressed him Ferreira did great damage in several Towns abandoned by the Inhabitants In the Port of Putulam he surprized Pate Marcar's Fleet consisting of 16 Paraos and easily gained them and with the same Success carried the Works and Cannon ashoar though defended by 2000 Men. He Anchored in the Bay of Columbo with the Ships Cannon and other Booty Then he marched to Cota thence towards Ceitavaca at the head of the Army of the King he Relieved destroying all before him and seeking Madune who had 6000 Men saw them fly to the shelter of the Woods Thence he sent to beg Peace which was granted upon Condition he should send the Heads of some Morish Officers especially Patè and Cunale Marcar He opposed this Condition as much as he could but there being no other Medium to appease his Adversary consented and killing them two and others sent 9 Heads upon as many Spears a Present so acceptable to Ferreyra that he presently made Peace between him and Cota and went off himself with Honour 3. The same time the Vice-Roy sent Ferdinand de Morales with a great Galeon laden on the Kings account to Trade at Pegu. As soon as arrived at that Port the King won him with Promises and Favours to aid him against the King of Brama who invaded that Country with such a Power that the two Armies consistssed of two Millions of Men and 10000 Elephants Morales went into a Galliot and Commanding the Fleet of Pegu made great havock among the Enemies Ships Brama came on by Land like a Torrent carrying all before him and his Fleet covering the River though as great as Ganges With this Power he easily gained the City and Kingdom of Pegu. Ferdinand Morales met the Fleet with his in respect of the other scarce visible at the Point Ginamarreca where was a furious bloody and desperate Fight But the Pegu's overpowred by the Brama's deserted Morales who alone in his Galeot maintained himself against the Enemies performing Wonders with vast slaughter of them till oppressed by the Multitude he was killed But the memory of his Bravery still lives among those People 4. The cause of this Revolt of Brama who was Tributary to Pegu was this Above 30000 Brama's laboured in the King of Pegu's Works this being one Condition of their Vassalage The King used to Visit them with his Women because they delighted to see Foreigners and the notable Works and never carried any other Company The Labourers what Wickedness would not they in Idleness invent who thought so much in their Labour resolved to rob the Queens or Concubins and suddenly murdered the King stripped them and fled to their Country Dacha Rupi Heirto the deceased was not only deprived of Means of Revenging this Villany but even of maintaining himself for many of his Subjects rebelled Parà Mandarà King of the Brama's desiring to enlarge his Empire and seeing that his Pickaxes and Shovels had opened a Way to his Cimiters and Standards rushes out with that Violence and over-runs the Kingdoms of the Lanjoes Laos Iangoma's and others that like his were Tributaries to Pegu. Thus this Tyrant possessed himself of his ancient Kingdom of Ava that extends two Months Travel at ordinary Journeys and contains 62 Cities On the N. E. a Months Journey is that of the Turks containing as many Cities which the King of Pegu had taken from him of Cathay The Kingdom of Bimir lies West of Ava of the same extent and has 27 populous Cities North of this that of Lanjam of equal greatness has 38 Cities and great store of Gold and Silver On the East is that of Mamprom as great but has only 8 Cities on the East it borders on Cochinchina on the South with Siam afterwards conquered by Brama and East of this is the great Kingdom of Cambodia All the Inhabitants of these Kingdoms are Pagans and the most Superstitious of all the East They believe in one only God but in time of need have recourse to many Idols Of these they have some dedicated to the secret acts and necessities of Nature in the same form they are performed They hold the Immortality of the Soul are zealous in giving Alms and bear great Reverence to their Religious Men. These are very numerous follow a Rule and keep a Choir much like ours they live upon what is given them that day without keeping any thing for the next they eat neither Fish nor Flesh because they kill nothing that has Life their Cloaths are yellow Cassocks and Cloaks with Hats of oiled Paper they observe Lent and Easter after the Christian manner Whence may be inferred That these are some Remains of the Doctrine of St. Thomas the Apostle though mixed with many Errors The People are all white the Women very beautiful Their Bodies are all wrought Blue with hot Irons down to the Knees In general they are not only not Civilized but very Brutal 5. The Vice-Roy being at Goa D. Iohn de Albuquerque a Spaniard presented him King Iohn's Patent by which all the Conquests from the Cape of Good Hope to India were made subject to his Diocess with liberty to erect the Church of St. Catherine of that City into a Cathedral The Patent was obeyed and thus a Spaniard was the first Prelate of the Conquests as if Spain had now taken the Power in Spirituals it was afterwards to possess in Temporals At this time the Guzaratas streightned Ruy Lorenco de Tavora in Baçaim He sallies with 350 Men and put them to the rout Coje Zofar comes on with his Men and puts him into a dangerous condition George de Lima Commander of Chaul having Notice hereof sent 100 Men with speed with which assistance the Enemy was repulsed and time given to repair the damage received 6. Four Ships arrived in India from Portugal to return with Merchandize In one of them the Great Antony de Sylveyra imbarqued The Flag-Ship perished in her Return and was never heard of but Silveyra arrived safe at Lisbon and had scarce Anchored when the Great Men of the Court came aboard to Conduct him
to the King and Princes who with Joy waited to see and honour him And no wonder since all the Christian Princes visited him by their Embassadors led by the admiration of his Glorious Exploits The French Embassador had his Picture drawn which was hung up in the Gallery of Fame among the other Hero's He was of a middle Stature strong built of a clear Judgment ready Wit a great Heart and very Liberal His Liberality did as much at Diu as his Valour for it is vain for a Miser ever to expect to purchase Glorious Victories Yet this Virtue was prejudicial to him in Portugal for the King having appointed him Governour of India was disswaded by some who said That Empire was too little for his Bounty 7. The late success of our Arms chiefly in Cambaya terrified all the Eastern Princes our Enemies so that Nizamaluco and Hidalcam immediately sent their Embassadors to confirm the last Peace concluded with them Zamori to obtain the more favourable Reception with the Vice-Roy took Emanuel de Brito Commander of the Fort of Chale for his Mediator Brito promised his Interest and accompanied the Embassador China Cutiale who came to Goa with a splendid Retinue The Vice-Roy received him with Courtesie and Grandeur The Peace was Concluded much to our Credit Had not the Vice-Roy fallen sick he designed to go to Calicut to perform the Ceremony of Swearing to the observation of the Articles but sent his Son D. Alvaro to this purpose under the Direction of discreet Men because he was young They came to Panane with a numerous Fleet where that Prince expected them accompanied by the Kings of Chale and Tanor They met with great demonstrations of Joy the Peace was sworn and lasted 30 years which was one of the greatest Blessings we enjoyed in India 8. About the beginning of Ianuary this Treaty was Concluded and the Vice-Roy sent towards Cambaya D. Peter de Castellobranco with 14 Sail who returned to God without any Action of Note Iohn de Sepulveda coming from Ormuz and hearing that Ruy Lorenço de Tavora was streightned by the Enemy in Baçaim relieved him with diligence and they forced the Enemy to leave the Field Antony Carvallo with 8 small Vessels went to seek some Pirates that coursed between Baticala and Anchediva They fled but being overtaken were destroyed their Ships burnt and the Country laid waste Carvallo returned with Honour to Goa where the Vice-Roy growing so weak he could not attend the Government he proposed a Worthy Person might be chose to supply his place and then said It should be no other than his Son D. Alvaro This surprized all Men being a violation of the Publick Liberty of Choice And might have proved of dangerous Consequence had not his Death prevented it for sometimes it is expedient One should dye for the good of the People 9. The Vice-Roy being dead the first Patent of Succession was opened and Martin Alfonso de Sousa was therein named who not long before was gone to Portugal The second being opened named D. Steven de Gama who lived Indisposed without the City All rejoyced at the Election as few were grieved at the Death of the Predecessor who nevertheless was honourably Interr'd His Picture represents him in the ancient Habit of Portugalâ—… all Black lined in Crimson He was the Third Vice-Roy and Eleventh Governor but first of the Name and held it a Year and seven Months His Son D. Alvaro came to Portugal and brought with him two Embassadors of the King of Cota He desired of King Iohn That in case he had no Son his Grand-Child might be sworn King To this effect the Embassadors brought his Image in Gold which held in its Hand a Crown set with Jewels for the King to Crown the Statue with The King did it publickly with much solemnity and the Embassadors returned well pleased as dispatched to their Prince's satisfaction CHAP. III. The Government of D. Stepen de Gama from the Year 1540 till the Year 1542 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. DOn Stephen entred upon the Government the beginning of April he was Son of D. Vasco de Gama The first thing he did was to cause all he had to be publickly Valued that it might not be thought afterwards he had got his Estate by that Government at the end whereof it was found considerably diminished The first Act was hard to be imitated so the second which was That he advanced a great Sum to the Publick seeing the Treasury exhausted Next he refitted the Fleet which was laid up The care of Temporals did not lessen his attention to Spirituals so he founded the Colledge of St. Faith for the Heathen Youths that are Converted This was the second Colledge erected in that Empire and the first at Goa and the first Rector of it was that singular person the Vicar General Michael Vaz He sent his Brother D. Christopher young in years but not in ability to attend the Repairing the Ships at Cochin He sent Advice to several Commanders in order to be in a readiness to oppose the Rumes who it was said were Sailing towards our Coasts D. Christopher set out with 600 Men against the King of Porca and a Caymal of his because they had robbed Sebastian de Sousa coming from Maldivia and refused to make Restitution He marched up the Country slew many of the Enemy and routed the rest Beheaded the Caymal and laid the Country waste which produced an advantagious Peace and an Agreement between this King and him of Pimienta 2. Being advertized That the Rumes could not set out this Year he attended other Affairs Emanuel de Vasconcelos was sent with 20 Sail to the Coast of Malabar and Antony de Castelobranco with 30 to Cambaya Scarce were they gone when 4 Ships arrived from Portugal They carried new Orders from the King as dangerous as they were new for whoever deprives Men of the hopes of Advancement takes away their Courage Such were these being the sullen thoughts of Ministers who thinking all too little for themselves think every thing too much for others The Ships being sent to Cochin to load and return home D. Stephen prepared to set out for the Red Sea in order to burn the Turkish Gallies at Zues but first he sent some Commanders to the Post assigned them 3. When Badur King of Cambaya made over the Lands of Baçaim to the Portugueses he took them from Bramaluco a brave Man to whom he had before given them He thought the death of the Vice-Roy D. Garcia furnished him a convenient opportunity to regain them by surprize He set out of Damam in the dead of Winter with 300 Horse and 5000 Foot Ruy Lorenço de Tavora Commander of that Fort considering if the Enemy once took footing it would be hard to remove them sets out with 650 Portugueses the later number were Horse and Men of known Valour The Foot he divided into four Battalions and reserved to himself the 50
Horse and about 400 Blacks Hearing the Enemy was lodged in the Village Baylam two Leagues up the Country he resolved to surprize him at Noon when they use to Bathe Half a League from the place he halted to Rest the Men and the Enemy having Intelligence thereof came on with such diligence and secrecy that they had put them to the Sword had not Ferdinand de Silva who led the Van with much Bravery given a check to their Fury Antony de Sotomayor relieved him already wounded in the Leg was himself wounded and lost some Men but did great Execution This gave Tavora time to make ready whose furious coming up made great havock Our Men turning Back to Back and facing the Enemy round did Wonders Ruy Lorenço with his Horse ranging about did them great harm till falling on their Flank many were slain the rest fled without hopes 4. Next he resolved to take a Great Ship of Bramaluco's that was newly finished in the Dock of Agaçaim He marched thither by Land and D. Luis de Ataide went by Water The latter by force of Arms made his way to the City at such time as the other was reducing it to Ruins breaking through a Multitude of Enemies who endeavoured to stop his Fury each of them lost six Men. D. Luis Landed and both together cleared the Field unpeopled the City and then set Fire to it The Ship was carried to the Port of Baçaim and for many years Traded to Lisbon Bramaluco sued for Peace and he being a suspected Subject of Cambaya our Governour treated with that King and by this means secured the former Peace and obtained a Grant of half the Customs whereof only the Third part was offered before 5. Let us now return to the Fleet in which the Governour was to sail His great Liberality brought him more Men than he desired whereof he chose the best The Fleet consisted of 80 Sail of sundry sorts and sizes and carried two Thousand Men. 6. While this Fleet was fitting the King of Achem falling upon the King of the Bataas unexpectedly made a great slaughter of his People killing among the rest three Sons he rather adored than loved The King desirous of Revenge sent his Brother-in-Law Embassadour to Peter de Faria then Commanding at Malaca The Embassy was to confirm the Peace before concluded and desire assistance of Arms and Ammunition and the better to obtain it sent him a rich Present and offered a free Trade in his Dominions which abound in Gold Pepper Benjamin and Camphir Faria who was intent upon Profit as well as his King's Service plentifully supplied him with Arms and Ammunition offering his utmost assistance and entertaining the Embassadour with splendour The King of Bataa attacked his Enemy with Resolution but was beaten after having almost gained the Victory and retired with great Grief to his City Panaaju Here he dispatched Pinto sent thither by Faria to Trade who narrowly escaped being lost in the River Parles of the Kingdom of Queda by reason of the Revolution had then hapned in the City of that Name the Court of that Prince who had murdered his Father and married his own Mother The first he denyed and pretended he had done the latter in Honour to her having refused many considerable Matches Pinto brought News of the Island del Oro or of Gold the great motive of his Voyage 7. But now our Governour enters the Red Sea with his Fleet. He found most of the Islands and Cities abandoned the People having had notice of his coming The chief Island was Maçua The principal City Suanquem in about 19 Degrees of North Latitude well built and rich The King who was fled a League up the Country entertained the Governour with shews of Peace that he might not destroy the Island But the greatest damage was that hereby he prevented the burning the Ships at Suez gaining so much time as carried thither the News of this Design The Governour in Revenge marched with his Brother D. Christopher and 1000 Men made a great slaughter was Master of the Field and took a great Booty Then turning to the City it was plundered and private Men got four or five thousand Ducats each then it was burnt to the ground The Waters being shoal the Governour resolved to go over to Alcoçer and other places with only sixteen Catures or Barges the rest of the Fleet he sent to Maçua under the Command of Lionel de Lima. There was a great dispute about who should go with D. Stephen and he had much difficulty to compose it They set out of the Bay for this Reason called De los Agraviados or Of the Offended Many Gentlemen went in the Barges as private Souldiers accepting any place so they were admitted such was their desire to be in this Action The number of Men was Two hundred and fifty At Alconçer which is in the Latitude of 25 Degrees they did the same as had been done before at Suanquem Crossing over to Tor or Toro they took some Vessels of the Enemy The Turks at first opposed the Landing but some being slain fled and abandoned the City in which nothing of Value was found The Governour would not burn it in reverence of St. Catharine and a Monastery found there with Religious Men under her Invocation which at their Instance he visited To his great glory he was the first European Commander that took that City where he Knighted several who held this Honour done them there in great esteem and it was afterwards envied by the Great Emperour Charles the Fifth as shall appear in its place Our People and those Religious testified great Regret at parting They are of the Greek Church and of the Order of St. Basil. The City is in the Latitude of 28 Degrees and is thought by Learned Geographers to be the ancient Elana 8. The Governour went over to Suez and after many brave Attempts made by several to sound and view the Harbour which all failed he resolved in Person and in open Day to discover the Gallies He saw them and desiring to do something considerable Landed the Enemies Shot flew from the Town and 2000 Turkish Horse broke out of an Ambush some few whereof were killed by our Canon but our Men obliged to Retire much grieved that this Voyage was disappointed The Governour returned to his Fleet at Maçua where he found the Severity of Emanuel de Gama had caused a Mutiny which gave occasion to 80 Men to run away with a Ship designing to go over to Ethiopia They were met by a Captain of the King of Zeila and after a vigorous Resistance most of them killed On a Gallows hung five whom Gama had Executed for concealing the design of the other 80 they at Execution summoned him to answer before the great Tribunal and he within a Month run Mad and died CHAP. IV. Goes on with the Government of D. Stephen de Gama 1. AT this time Grada Hamed King of the Country called
of the great Stones the Enemy rouled down upon them Having heared Mass on Candlemass-day they returned to the Assault playing their Cannon and lost some Men by the Stones thrown down yet they came to the first Gates and broke them open making their way with much slaughter and loss of three Men to the second Gates Those who were within these and the third Gates seeing so few of our Men opened them and the Portugueses as freely rushed in where was a hot Dispute till D. Christopher and the others coming up pressed the Enemy so hard that many of them threw themselves headlong down the Rocks Many Women and Children were taken and there was a considerable Plunder The Queen and her Retinue went up with a general Admiration the Ethiopians having always held that Fort to be impregnable The Patriarch blessed a Mosque dedicating it to our Lady where Mass was celebrated with great Joy to both People 5. The Mountain being provided and garrisoned under the Command of an Ethiopian the Army marched As they entred the Country of the Rebel Iarse he submitted himself to the Queen and brought his Men to her Service thinking nothing could withstand those who had conquered Nature in such Esteem did they hold the taking the Mountain The King of Zeila came on now covering the Plains and Hills with his Numbers and joyful to have to do with our Men. D. Christopher Encamped in good Order near a Mountain both Armies in sight Palm Sunday and Monday were spent in Skirmishing with equal Loss only the Portugueses had so much the Advantage that the Enemy retired to their Works D. Christopher was forced to move his Camp for want of some necessaries chiefly Water The King of Zeila perceiving their motion from the higher Ground came down to encompass our Men who marched in good Order pouring their Shot in upon the Enemy Who pressing on D. Christopher ordered Emanuel de Cuna with his Men to face them who performed it so successfully that he obliged a Body of Turks to retire after losing many of their Men. They rallied and coming on again had somewhat distressed him till D. Christopher came in person to their Relief fighting with such Resolution that he felt not he was wounded in the Leg. The King himself came on thinking to put an end to the days Action and it turned to his loss for our Cannon cut off many of his Men. D. Christopher was in danger of being slain but still lost no Courage and the Fight continued till the Tyrant was struck down by a shot which pierced his Thigh His Men furled their Colours and fled with him as they thought dead though he was alive This Victory cost eleven Portugueses two of them Men of Note The Queen her self with great alacrity tended Don Christopher and all the wounded Men. 6. After a Weeks respit the Army marched towards the Enemy who was Encamped at no great distance and came to meet them carrying their King in an open Chair It was Resolutely fought on both sides A Turkish Captain with fifty Horse thinking to recover the Honour lost the other day Charged in the midst of our Men and was entirely cut off D Christopher mounting on Horseback led his Men with such fury into the Heat of the Battle that he obliged the Enemy with great slaughter to turn their Backs The King had infallibly been taken had there been more Horse to pursue him Eight Portugueses were lost in this Action The Victorious Army marching down to a pleasant River found it possessed by the Enemy who immediately quitted it the King flying at the sight of our Men. 7. The King sent an Embassy to the Bassa of Zibit acquainting him with his Distress He mollified by Presents sent him almost a Thousand Turkish Musqueteers D. Christopher Wintered in the City Ofar expecting the Emperour Here a Jew proposed That if he wanted Horses and Mules he would shew him a Mountain not far off inhabited by Jews where there was store of both The King of Zeyla had a Garrison of Four hundred Men there D. Christopher having enquired into the truth of this Information marched with two Companies of his own and some Ethiopians to the Foot of the Mountain which is twelve Leagues about In the Ascent some Moors who guarded the Passes were killed On the Top met him the Captain with all his Men. D. Christopher immediately rnnning at struck him down dead with his Lance. Our Shot being poured in among the Moors they soon quitted the place and fled leaving many dead Great quantity of Horses and Mules were found and about eight Thousand Jews who lived in six or seven Villages on that Mountain were brought under Obedience There was a Tradition That these Jews dispersed about Ethiopia and Nubia are descended from some of the dispersion of the Ten Tribes 8. The Jew who led our Men astonished at their Valour was Converted and Baptized and by common Consent appointed Governour of that Mountain which being called before Caloa was after known by the Name of the Iews Mountain The second day after D. Christopher returned to the Army the King of Zeila appeared now more bold with the increase of the Turkish Musqueteers D. Christopher's Youth now transported him as well as his Valour For whereas he ought to have retired to a Mountain till the Emperour joyned him it being impossible to withstand so great a force he never considered it till it was too late On the 29th of August the Turks gave the Onset and were repulsed by D. Christopher who lost four Men and went off wounded in the Leg Emanuel de Cuna did the like Service with loss of three Men. Francis de Abreu fighting like a Lion was killed and his Brother Humphry going to fetch him off fell down dead upon him D. Christopher returns like a furious Tyger and performed Wonders till a Musquet-Ball broke his Arm a couragious Souldier carried him off He was scarce drest when he heard Fonseca and Vello were killed and the Enemy entred the Works He caused himself to be carried where the greatest Danger was But the Tyrant being now undoubtedly Victorious some of our Men fled as did the Patriarch and the Queen on Fleet Mares each taking a different Way he for fear and she by choice D. Christopher sent after and obliged her to come back because her absence brought utter Ruin But at length seeing all lost in despair he grasped his Sword in the Left Hand and said Let who will follow me for I am going to dye amidst the Enemies He was drawn from that Resolution by meer force and carried out of the Field with only fourteen Men and the Queen and Barnagais among them seeking some place of Refuge The Night being dark they lost the Way but the Queen and Barnagais hit it better taking up a Mountain D. Christopher wandring with his Companions fell into the hands of the Enemy who carried him to the Tyrant who coveted no greater Prize
was within the Spanish Bounds and demand restitution of the Artillery he had taken and the Spaniards that were with him D. George granted the last and sent Advice to Goa and Portugal Villalobos dexterously began to draw near and plant himself in Tidore 3. Iordan de Freitas set out from Goa in April to succeed D. George in that Command and take possession of the Island Amboyna whereof he had a Grant from Tabarija King of Ternate wâ—…o had been unjustly sent Prisoner to Goa by Tristan de Atayde was there Baptized and now sent back by the Governour Martin Alfonso to be restored to his Crown Freyâ—…as being come to Malaca and considering that King would not be easily admitted by his Subjects for having changed his Religion left him there designing to take his Brother which would make his Re inthronement the more easie At Ternate D. George delivered him the Fort he Treated with Villalobos and they agreed upon a Truce for eight Months in which time they might consult their Superiours and during this time there was to be no Correspondence between them The Spaniards fell out among themselves in such manner that many of them went over to the Portugueses at Ternate F. Hierome of St. Stephen Confessor to Villalobos affirmed He was Excommunicated for entring the Portugues Limits but he remained obstinate 4. Freytas sent along with D. George who was going to Goa Aeiro the present King to make room for him he had left at Malaca not knowing he was since dead and had made the King of Portugal his Heir His Mother and Father-in-Law who had been with him went to Ternate with Ferdinand de Sousa who carried Relieâ—… to that Fort. Freytas received them in Mourning and then took possession of the Kingdom the Government whereof he committed to the Father-in-Law and Mother till other Orders came from Portugal Afterwards the Governour D. Iohn de Castro sent back Aeiro with the Title of KING to prevent the Disorders that happen by many Heads This last belongs to the Year 1545 but I insert it here not to break the Series of these Affairs 5. About this time in Ethiopia the Emperour marched against the King of Adel or Zeila He was followed by the Portugueses who escaped the former Defeat except 40 who were with Emanuel de Cuna in Barnagasso who being sent for could not come time enough Those with the Emperour were Ninety by whose Advice he marched towards the Enemy giving them the Van of his Army for the great Opinion he had of their Valour In the Province Ambea at the Foot of the Mountain Oenadias they met Seven hundred Horse and Two thousand Foot led by a Captain of Zeila to joyn the King Fifty Portugues Horse advanced to attack them the formost Antony Cardosa who killed the Enemies Captain the first stroak of his Lance the others following his Example slew many when Barnagais first and then the Emperour coming up Charged furiously and killing Eight hundred put the rest to flight who went rather to terrifie the Tyrant with this Relation than Reinforce him 6. He was a League off with his Army in Battalia it consisted of two Bodies of Foot Three thousand Men in each he marched in the Front with Five hundred Horse The Emperour met him with the like Number and in the same Order The Portugueses who were the Forlorn of this Body Charged the Five hundred and slew many losing two The Emperour in person behaved himself bravely till the Enemies Horse fled to the Wings of their Army The King was wanting in nothing shewing his Son Ten years of Age to stir up his Men to fight The Fight was renewed and the Emperour in great danger but a Portugues shooting the King in the Belly killed him and his Horse carried him about hanging being tied to the Saddle Only a few Turks chose rather to dye than fly and made a great slaughter of Ethiopians Iohn Fernandez Page to the Unfortunate D. Christopher at two stroaks of his Lance killed the Turkish Commander In fine Few of the Enemy escaped by flight the King's Head was cut off and his Son made Prisoner The Emperour acknowledging how great a share the Portugueses had in this and the late Victories did them great Favours Cuna returned to Goa with 50 only the rest stayed and married with Women of the Country whose Progeny still continues there 7. At Goa the Governour heard the Complaints of the King of Ormuz brought hither by D. Pedro de Castellobranco by Order of Martin Alfonso de Melo Iusarte Commander of that Fort. The Kings Complaints against him were most just having been used as the meanest of Madmen whereas his Madness was no other than the Avarice of those would make him so They endeavoured all they could to hinder his Restauration but seeing him Re-inthroned they poysoned him and what caused his Imprisonment and was the cause of his death was not punished After this Injustice followed the Justice executed upon Hierome Diaz a Portugues Physician of Jewish extraction he was burnt for Heresie CHAP. XIII Continues the Government of Martin Alfonso de Sousa 1. ABout forty Leagues off to the Eastward of the Moluco Islands is that of Macaçar rich and plentiful of Rice Salt Fish Flesh Fruit and Grain and yields Sandal Wax Ivory and Gold The People hardy and good Seamen The Soil pleasant and well Watered and has good Towns and Villages Some Portugueses hearing the Cstristian Faith was received there went thither and among them Antony de Payva that went as a Merchant not a Preacher but proved more Preacher than Mercahnt He had before had some Discourse with one of the Kings of the Island about Religion who seemed well pleased therewith Returning now he arrived in the Kingdom of Supa and had so much Discourse with that King who was 70 years of Age that he was very near being Converted 2. However the King remained dubious and Payva sailing thence went to the Port of Sian the King whereof on account of the grateful Conference they had before received him with kindness The Discourse of Religion was renewed and Payva at large explained all Points to him and at the same time urged the absurdness of the Adoration of Idols 3. The Conference ended the Sky till then being serene there arose a Storm of Thunder Lightning and Rain which was esteemed as a Heavenly Confirmation of the Truth of what Payva had said and he laying hold of that advantage urged the King to embrace the Faith He was inclinable but his Subjects and the Moors that Traded there obstructed him He demanded time to Consider At this time arrives the King of Supa and hearing he of Sian had desired time said A work so good ought rather to be put in execution than delayed that he was only sorry for the Time he had lost but would attone by being the first and desired to be immediately Baptized All stood amazed and there being no Priest the Ancientest of
of them D. Alvaro the Governours Son sent with Supplies seemed to sail in opposition to the Seas and Winds through Storms almost incredible Yet they all arrived at Baçaim and Antony Moniz Barreto with 8 Gentlemen got first into Diu who though so few by their Bravery were no small comfort to the besieged One of these called Michael Darnide a Man of prodigious Strength Barreto refusing to take him into his Boat leaped into the Water with his Musquet in his Mouth and swam after him so he was obliged to take him up 6. Next came Luis de Melo Mendoça with nine Men then D. George and D. Duarte de Meneses with seventeen after them D. Antony de Ataide and Francis Guillerme with fifty each and lastly Ruy Freyre Factor of Chaul with Twenty four All together fell upon the Enemy then possessed of some of our Works and among them the Bastion Santiago The Dispute was hot yet the Enemy set up their Colours on the Walls Antony Moniz Barreto made good his Post with only two Souldiers and was going to quench his Flames in the Water but one of the two who was in the same condition detained him and both did things worthy admiration Antony Correa sallied out with Twenty Men to discover the Enemy and saw Twelve Moors sitting about a Fire he exhorted his Men to fall upon them but they seeing him go on fled however he went on thinking to take one that might give Intelligence He fell on and behaved himself bravely yet he was taken and carried to Rumecan who Examined him about the posture the Fort was in which being then very miserable he represented so powerful as drove him into despair and moved him to cause the unfortunate Prisoner to be dragged through the Streets and his Head cut off which was set upon a Pole next day in sight of the Fort. 7. The Enemy had now lost Five thousand Men the Besieged Two hundred and had not so many more left and not above half them able to do Duty when D. Alvaro arrives with the Supplies which consisted of Four hundred Men and a sufficient quantity of Ammunition having by the way taken a Ship of Cambaya richly laden The Joy of this Relief was soon allayed for the Souldiers that came with D. Alvaro fearing the Mines proposed to meet the Enemy in open Field But the Governour prudently refusing they broke out into open Mutiny in contempt of all Military Discipline scarce known or at least not respected by the Portugues Nation D. Iohn seeing himself in danger of perishing in the Fort by his own Men chose rather to dye in the Field among the Enemies He sallied with almost Five hundred Men in three Bodies At one heat they gained the Enemies advanced Post forcing them to retire to their Works Those who insolently forced their Commander to this Extravagancy stood heartless at the Foot of the Trenches seeing others mount who had said less D. Iohn seeing them in this posture cried out Whether it was thus they had promised to fight Where was now that Boldness that obliged him to come into the Field Where the Threats that they would fight the Enemy without him Behold your Commander you accused of Cowardize calls you to the danger And who is there follows me of those that would have led me hither Within the Walls you were fierce and now in the Field timorous Your Courage suits with your Tongues for those who said much always acted little They ashamed to be thus justly upbraided took Heart and mounted The whole Army came down upon them and the Portugueses having done wonders were forced to retire in disorder This was the time the Enemy had possessed himself of the Fort had not Mascarenas with his Prudence and Valour prevented Mojatecan who with Five thousand attempted to enter and was valiantly opposed by Luis de Sousa in St. Thomas's Bulwark Threescore Men were lost in this Action D. Alvaro de Castro was mortally Wounded in the Head This was the fruit of that insolent Disobedience 8. The Moors had taken the Cannon of the Bastion Santiago when Vasco de Cuna and Luis de Almeyda brought a fresh Relief The latter immediately went out with Payo Rodriguez and Peter Alfonso in three Caravels and as soon returned with two great Ships of Meca and some other Vessels whose Loading was worth Fifty thousand Ducats At the Yard-Arms hung many Moors whose Heads were then cut off as was the Captains who was a Janizary and offered Three thousand Ducats for his Ransom CHAP. III. Continues the Siege of Diu the Governour D. John de Castro comes in Person to its Relief 1. NOw begins the Month of November and the Siege had lasted eight Months when the Governour D. Iohn de Castro covers the Sea with a great Fleet of all sorts of Vessels for the Relief of Diu. All Goa admired the Constancy wherewith he received the News of the Death of his Son D. Fernando for though he highly resented it he dissembled his Grief and dressing himself gayer than ordinary went in Procession to give God Thanks That Diu was still in the possession of the Portugueses and then went to a publick Feast which is an Imitation of a Fight wherein they use Canes instead of Lances 2. The Fleet consisted of above Ninety Sail besides three of the Ships that then came from Portugal and several Gentlemen that came in them went in other Vessels 3. The Governour being come to Baçaim waited the coming up of the Vessels that were scattered and the mean while sent D. Emanuel de Lima to scour the Coast. On the Coast of Damam he took several Ships and cutting the Moors that were in them in pieces threw them into the Mouths of the Rivers that the Tide carrying them up they might strike a Terrour in all that Coast. Entring the River of Suratt after a vigorous Resistance made he destroyed all that belonged to the Town called Of the Ethiopians The same was done at the City Ansote not far distant without sparing Beauty the finest Women of the Bramens and Baneans being slaughtered So in other Neighbouring Towns and then D. Emanuel withdrew leaving an Universal Terrour all along that Shoar 4. The Fleet appearing in the Sea of Diu the Enemy stood amazed though they had just then received a supply of Five thousand fresh Men sent by the King The Governour went privately into the Fort and afterwards Landed his Men. He proposed in Council Whether it was fit presently to march out and fight the Enemy The Question was debated till the Experienced Garcia de Sa put an end to it saying They â—…ught to fight They marched in this order D. Iohn Mascarenas Commander of the Fort led the Van consisting of Five hundred Men D. Alvaro led as many Don Emanuel de Lima the like number The Governour led the rest which were One thousand and a Body of Indians Among the Men were some Portugues Women in mens Cloaths to assist the
F. Pascalis was so well received by the King Iavira Pandar of Candea that desiring to become a Christian he was only deterred for fear of his Subjects rebelling and therefore desired assistance of the Governour in case of any Commotion Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to this effect Mean while the King of Cota persuades Iavira That he should no sooner be a Christian but the Portugueses would deprive him of his Kingdom The King giving Credit to this wicked Device resolved to kill all the Portugueses sent to his assistance But the better to execute it feigned himself still of the same Mind Barreto it is not known how had Intelligence of the Design and finding more danger in Returning to the Ships than going on to Ceitavaca where that King was our Friend he caused those One hundred and twenty Men he had Landed to burn all they had except some little Provision to let them know they were to save nothing but their Lives Three days they marched fighting with Eight thousand Men so fortunately that they arrived at Ceitavaca without losing one Man To the great Honour of their Captain 9. Our irreconcileable Enemy the King of Achem about this time sent against Malaca a Fleet of sixty Sail and in it Five thousand Land-men among which were Five hundred Orobalones commonly called Of the Gold Bracelets because they wear them and are very brave but his best Regiment was of Turks and Janizaries This Body was Commanded by a Valiant Moor who had the style of Dr. King of Pedir He Landed by Night at Malaca and found nothing but some Geese which he took to shew his Prince as a Testimony of his Landing But those Fowl alarming the City as formerly the Capitol caused all to be in readiness which was but little the Town being then very scarce of Men. 10. However the Enemy was forced to retire and imbark having burnt two Ships of ours that were ready to sail Without they took seven Fishermen and cutting off their Noses Ears and Feet sent them to the Commander Simon de Melo with a Challenge writ with their Blood The Challenge was made a Jest of because there was no Force there to Answer it But the Great St. Francis Xaverius who was zealous for the King's Honour as well as the Service of God being there then he disapproved the Jest and advised to meet the Enemy at any rate The Governour and others excused themselves urging there were in the Port but eight small Vessels which as being rotten and unfit for service lay aground This was true but the Cause of it was the Neglect and Avarice of the Government 11. The Great Xaverius took so much pains that he prevailed with some Merchants to fit out those Vessels prophetically promising two Galliots would come to their Aid The time prefixed was near expired when they appeared sailing for Patane and came into Malaca though they had not designed it The Saint went aboard found they were Commanded by Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego and his Son Baltasar he persuaded them to have a part in that Action These Ten poor Vessels being fitted and manned with Two hundred and thirty Men sailed to find out the Enemy under the Command of D. Francis Deça 12. Being about to return Home after two Months spent in search of the Enemy they found him in the River Parles and Engaged upon a Sunday Morning The Fight was desperate our Men behaved themselves with incredible Bravery and had a most compleat Victory killing Four thousand of the Enemy sinking several of their Ships and taking most of the rest whereof they carried away but Twenty five for want of Men and burnt the rest Three hundred Pieces of Cannon were taken and almost a Thousand Musquets This Victory cost us but Twenty five Men some say only four 13. At the time of this Fight St. Francis was Preaching at Malaca and pausing on a sudden related all the particulars of it to his Auditory who were in great Care for those Ships having had no News of them in two Months His Prediction was verified a few days after by their Arrival 14. In September arrived five Ships from Lisbon Six set out but the one was Cast-away at Angoxa the Men saved and distributed amongst the other Ships CHAP. V. The End of the Government of D. John de Castro 1. THe Governour began this Year with the utter destruction of the Coast subject to Hidalcan He had the same Fleet as before and began in Ianuary at the River Charopa two Leagues from Goa He spared neither Living Creature Vegetable nor the very Stones but burnt and slaughtered all as far as the City Dabul which was reduced to Ashes the Inhabitants being fled with the best of their Goods Hence he ran in the same manner to the River Cifardam which parts this Kingdom from that of Melique 2. The King of Campar who had taken the City Adem from the Turks being threatned by them had recourse to the Portugueses submitting himself to our King and to this effect D. Payo de Norona was sent to him with a Supply by the Commander of Ormuz D. Payo behaved not himself as he ought to have done on this Occasion for the King marching out to fight the Turks by whom he was beaten and slain and having left him to guard the City he over-fearful of Treachery retired to his Ship and returned not though he saw the Town Assaulted Some Turkish Galleys came and besieged the place and D. Payo having promised the Prince assistance left him carrying away the few Portugueses he had brought Emanuel Pereyra resolved to stay there and Francis Vieyra who was raising Men at Campar made his way in Both behaved themselves bravely but the Turks entring by Treachery the Prince and one of his Brothers were killed the Portugueses with another retired to Campar to expect the Succours were to come from India 3. D. Alvaro went with Three hundred Men in Thirty Vessels loaded with Ammunition The Governour was overjoyed with the News of the submission of Adem But this Joy was soon allayed by a dangerous Fever and a violent Mutiny raised for want of Bread Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda prudently appeased it and the Governour being recovered caused his Hand to be cut off who Beat the Drum to Call the People and two others of the Chief to be imprisoned 4. D. Iohn de Ataide or Meneses sent before by D. Alvaro to Adem entring boldly as believing it to be in the possession of D. Payo lost two Vessels and all the Men that were in them who were either killed or made Slaves by the Turks Noronha met D. Alvaro at Canequirim and earnestly laboured to represent how great the Danger was that obliged him to quit that place But the dead Kings Embassadour and his own Silence when accused were Witnesses against him He came afterwards to Goa and one of his Servants having taken a Hen from a Slave the Slave was complaining at
Diu was gone for Lisbon to seek the Reward which now he missed in India The second named D. George Tello absent also In the third was Garcia de Sá a Person well versed in the Affairs of India At his first Entrance upon the Government he gave sufficient Tokens of his Zeal for the Publick and used some Liberality to gain the Hearts of the Souldiers much dejected with the lessening their Pay 2. He received an Embassadour from Hidalcan to Treat of Peace which was concluded much to our Advantage About the beginning of August came in eleven of the seventeen Ships sent from Portugal this year The other six were arrived before In this Fleet were the first Fathers of the Order of St. Dominick that went to build a Convent at Goa they were six and their Chief F. Iames Bernardez a Spaniard and a Learned and Pious Man 3. The Governour sent Martin Correa de Silva to Diu hastned the departure of the Trading Ships and sailed for Baçaim with some Men in thirty Vessels designing to gain some advantage over the King of Cambaya He was disappointed but it was some satisfaction that he had Advice there That the King of Tanor being Converted desired succour against such as should rebel upon his change of Religion Garcia de Sá the Governours Nephew was sent with Threescore Men of Note who had good success as shall appear in its place 4. At this time the Governour splendidly received the Embassadours of Zamori Canara Nizamaluco Cotumaluco and other Princes who came to confirm the former Peace At last Sultan Mamud King of Cambaya made Overtures tired with ill success and the Peace was established to our Credit 5. The Spiritual Conquest was now very successful Xaverius erected Churches and Converted many among the Patava's and two Kings with a multitude of People in Malaca Iohn Soarez Vicar of the Fort of Chale converted the King of Tanor with his Queen and Children He desiring to see the Offices of the Church solemnly performed at Goa and be confirmed by the Bishop came to the City was nobly received and departed well satisfied promising to make his Subjects follow his Example The Persuasions of Zamori wrought no effect upon him now but afterwards it seems they prevailed for we shall see him in Arms against those who received him with such Honour 6. One Bislald an Ethiopian and Favourite of the King of Ormuz rebelled against him at Manojam The King sent against him a good Body of his Men supported by 120 Portugueses to which were afterwards added 1000 of the first and 180 of the latter but all to no purpose for he still kept himself out of reach D. Emanuel de Lima finding he could not do any thing by open force resolved to reach him by Craft He agreed with a Gallego That he should counterfeit he fled from him and getting into Baslala's Camp kill him the first opportunity The Gallego soon performed and all was quiet 7. This Year we shall see a bloody War between Pegu and Siam for an Elephant The King of Siam had a white Elephant a Beast coveted by all the Princes of the East The King of Pegu demanded it by way of Superiority and he of Siam refused it not so much for the value of the Beast as for the manner of asking He of Pegu entred his Dominions and reduced him to desire a Peace upon any Terms so the Elephant were not comprehended They agreed the King of Pegu should have the Siam's Daughter and a Noble Woman every year as an acknowledgment But the latter not performing the other returned with 1500000 Men 4000 Elephants and an incredible Train with him came the Kings that depended on him and Iames Soarez de Melo with 180 Portugueses Above two Thousand Workmen went before who every Night set up a stately Wooden Palace richly painted and adorned with Gold He made a prodigious Bridge of Boats over the rapid River Menam a League over to pass his Army In his Way was a narrow Pass where the Siamite had raised a strong Wall guarded by 25000 Men. Iames Soarez was sent to gain it with 30000 which he performed with some loss to himself but utter destruction of the Enemy At length he sat down with his wonderful Army before the City Odia the Court or the King of Siam who was within with 60000 Men and 4000 Cannon some of a prodigious magnitude Odia is eight Leagues in compass about it a strong Wall and round that a wide and deep Water 8. The Battery began In the Town were 50 Portugueses Commanded by Iames Pereyra who behaved themselves to admiration The King of Pegu endeavoured to corrupt them with Bribes but they rejected all his Offers The King astonished despaired of gaining by the Sword what could not be bought with Gold and removed to the City Camambee where were the Siamites Treasures the Place strong and defended by 20000 Men. After many Attempts this vast Power was forced to march off without doing any thing 9. Xemindoo rebelled against the King of Pegu who sent Iames Soarez with Two hundred Portugueses to suppress him He followed him to the City Cevadi and he slipping by got into Pegu because the City sided with him The Queen fled to the Castle where she was defended by twenty Portugueses till the King came and put the Rebels to flight The Army entred the City and put to the Sword not only Men Women and Children but even the Beasts nothing escaped but what was within the liberty of Iames Soarez his House which the King had ordered should be exempted above Twelve thousand saved themselves therein The Plunder was unaccountable Iames Soarez alone got above three Millions At his Intercession the King pardoned a Portugues who had furnished Xemindoo with Ammunition 10. Though the King escaped the hands of Xemindoo he could not the Villany of Ximi de Zatan Ximi is equivalent to a Duke and he really was one of Satan's creating who murdered him in the delightful City Zatan The Traytor was immediately proclaimed King and falling among the murdered Princes Men killed three of those that belonged to Iames Soarez who fled to the City Ovà and afterwards at Pegu was reconciled to this New King till Xemindoo who fled before came on again with a powerful Army Ximi commanded Iames Soarez and his Portugueses to march with him against the Enemy but before he came thither the punishment of his great Insolencies reached him as shall be seen hereafter 11. Zatan was taken and Beheaded by Xemindoo who gave out it was for the killing of Soarez as if the murder of the King had not been a more justifiable Motive Thus the first Rebel possessed himself of the Crown till Mandaragri the late Kings Brother-in-Law claimed it in right of his Wife and coming to a Battle gave him such a total Defeat that Xemindoo fled to the Mountains where he married a poor Fellows Daughter He discovered himself to her and she revealed it
against those Confederates since they could not be brought to a Peace 2. The Weather being seasonable the King of Pimienta took the Field at Bardela wth 10000 Nayres the King of Cochin did the same with his Men and 600 Portugueses Commanded by the rash Francis de Sylva Captain of that Fort. The Armies being drawn up in sight the King of Pimienta at the Request of Sylva gave him a Meeting between them Sylva pressed for an Accommodation which the King condescending to upon reasonable Terms was broke off by our Captain who having more natural Strength than natural Reason acted more like a Brute than a Man The Armies charged each other Couragiously and the King of Pimienta was carried off Wounded and died before he knew the event of the Battle His Men fled and were pursued into their City with great slaughter the Royal Palace was fired which among them is the hainousest Affront whereupon they Rallied and fell upon the Victors with such Fury that they obliged them to retire in great disorder Sylva discharged some few that stood by him and rushing into the thickest of the Enemies was killed Above fifty Portugueses were lost here which abundantly countervailed for our Victory 3. Five thousand Nayres all sworn to Revenge the death of their King or dye entred the Country of Cochim killing many and forcing others to fly to the Fort. The Commander of the Fort Henry de Sousa marced out and finding them engaged with the Indians who fought desperately killed Five hundred Two strange and contrary Accidents hapned upon this occasion One was a Man that lay dying arose and taking a Lance did great Execution among the Enemies and perfectly recovered his health The other a Man in perfect health who fell down dead with the Fright 4. All the Joy of this Success vanished at the sight of Zamori who came attended by the Princes of Malabar with 140000 Men. He Encamped with 100000 at Chembe ordering those Princes who were eighteen in number and among them the King of Tanor lately so fond of us and our Religion with the other 40000 whereof 5000 had devoted themselves to pass over into the Island Bardela Our Governour upon the first Advice prepared to meet this Storm He sent before Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda with four Ships and Orders That having joyned those that were at Cochim he should shut up those Princes in the Island till he came being resolved to follow at his Heels Sepulveda did his part and the Governour his for he sailed immediately the Cities of Goa Chaul and Baçaim furnishing what they had offered for the Expedition against the Turks which came to nothing The Fleet consisted of above 100 Sail and almost 4000 Landmen The first Execution was at Tiracole where many Houses Ships and Goods were burnt Coulete suffered the same Fate after a vigorous Resistance which cost the Lives of many of them and sixteen of ours At Panane the same and we lost eight 5. Our Governour Landed at Cochim and found that King with Forty thousand Men he had himself Six thousand Two thousand having joyned him there The Island being beset and Signal given to fall on those within began to waive a white Flag for a Parley It was concluded those eighteen Princes should put themselves into the Governours hands upon promise of Life He finding they delayed resolved to fight them the next day but was hindred by a great Flood yet he concluded he might put his design in execution the day after But what security is there in human Felicity Cabral was almost in possession of one of the most glorious Actions that had been seen in India when the sudden Arrival of the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha ravished this Honour from him noâ—… suffering him to proceed nor concluding himself what was so well begun On the contrary he suffered all those Princes to escape with their whole Army 6. St. Francis Xaverius seeing how many great Enterprizes were disappointed through the malice or Envy of the Governours wrote a Letter to the King acquainting him therewith and advising to punish such Miscarriages with severity whereby they might for the future be prevented But Ministers serve as they please Saints advise well and Princes Eyes are never opened Commonly the want of due Punishment is the cause of publick Calamities 7. Whilst George Cabral was at Cochim waiting to embarque in the Ships that were bound to Portugal one Night about the middle of February there was a Report That Eight thousand sworn Nayres would enter the City Cabral run to the Gates with Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda in order to march out and meet them at Break of Day but was hindred by the Council of the City He stayed with a competent Number of Men to guard the Town and sent Sepulveda with Fifteen hundred Portugueses and the Natives They found those desperate Men in a Neighbouring Town acting all that Rage and Malice could suggest They Charged them the Fight was very desperate fifty Portugueses were slain and above a Thousand of the Amouco's or devoted Nayres the rest fled 8. Let us see what was done during this time by the Captains sent by the Governour to several parts The King of Cota had asked Succour against his Brother Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca who endeavoured to expel him his Kingdom he offered in requital for the Relief to pay a greater Tribute than before Caralea Pandar Prince of Candea not following the Example of his Father who was bent against the Religious Men who made him a Christian desired to be Baptized and fled with the Priests to a Fort from whence he sent to beg the Governour 's assistance Both these places being in the Island Ceylon he sent thither D. George de Castro with six hundred Men. Madune scarce saw him when he raised the Siege he had laid to Cota where his Brother was The King of Cota and D. George followed him and he so fortified the Passes they were forced in some places to fight their way through showers of Bullets Stones and Arrows with some loss of Men and no small slaughter of the Enemy Being come in sight of the City Madune met them and there ensued a bloody Battle desperately fought on both sides At length Madune was obliged to â—…y to the Mountains and leave his Brother in possession of that great City singularly adorned by a Pagod of wonderful magnificence The Plunder was very considerable Madune implored his Brother's Mercy who had little reason to shew him any yet did and left him possessed of his Kingdom 9. D. George did not meet with the like success at Candea whither he went after this Victory The Enemy came unexpectedly upon him with Forty thousand Men in a narrow Pass whence he could not escape and killed Eight hundred of his Men half of them Portugueses He got away with more grief for this Loss than honour by the late Victory For it is certain we are more sensibly grieved at
Misfortunes than pleased with Success 10. Bernardin de Sousa at the Maluco's continued the War against the King of Gilolo and drew off with a rich Booty after destroying some Towns on the Coast with Fire and Sword At this time came Christopher de Sá to succeed him in that Command 11. George Cabral imbarqued well pleased with his good success against the sworn nayres and was well received in Portugal for his great Merit contrary to the Custom of this Kingdom He was generally esteemed one of the best Governours of India He was the sixteenth of that number and held it a year and four Months His Person was graceful his Countenance pleasing of a ruddy Complexion his Beard a dark Chesnut 12. This Year was born at Goa the Father and Mother were Canara's a hairy Monster like a Monky with a round Head and only one Eye in the Forehead over it grew Horns and on the sides Ears like those of a Kid. As the Midwife received it into her Hands it cried out with a loud Voice and stood upon its Feet The Father locked it up in a Hen-Coop It got out and seizing upon the Mother had like to tear off one of her Nipples The Father catching it again poured scalding Water upon the Head and killed it and could scarce cut off the Head it was so hard He burnt it and the thing being known he was punished for killing it and the Body was exposed to publick view in the City CHAP. IX The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha from the Year 1550 till 1553 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. DOn Alfonso de Noronha was taken from the Government of Ceuta to be senâ—… to that of India and more Favours conferred on him than on any of his Predecessors as if this Post of it self were not as great a Favour for him as for others Thus we see Princes bestow the very same Places on some as Rewards which they give to others as a step to Merit The fault is not in the Gift but in him that bestows it But it seems the King in part ballanced this Favour by assigning him a Council by whom he must of necessity be Advised in India 2. He had Orders to send back into Portugal all the New Christians that is Converted Jews who had gone from hence with their whole Families and it were better they had been banished both places He was also to take cognizance of those Ancient Christians who disturbed such as were converted from Paganism 3. Don Alfonso set out of Lisbon with four Ships one had been sent before to give Advice why the rest stayed and D. Alvaro de Gama Son to the Great Vasco sailed so late it was never expected he would get thither yet he overtook the others the Seas being favourable to all that descend from his Father for it was never known any of them was Cast-away The Vice-Roy was received at Goa with the usual demonstrations of Joy proceeding rather from the hatred they bear him that lays down the Sword than love to him that takes it up 4. He immediately sent Advice of his Arrival to all Parts and dispatched Commanders to several Forts and for Sea Luis Figueyra was sent to the Red Sea with five Vessels where they met the Turk Cafar with five Galliots Figueyra attacks Cafar's Galliot and was slain much admired by the Enemy for his Valour The four subordinate Captains stood looking on and saw him killed without coming to his Relief One of them Gaspar Nunez ashamed of what he had done went away with all his Men into Ethiopia and was never more heard of Soveral another of them met one of those Galliots fought and they parted upon equal Terms After he met the other two and they all returned with disgrace to Goa 5. The Arabs of Catifa delivered up to the Turks the Fort of that City which highly offended the King of Ormuz The Turks had also expelled his Kingdom the King of Baçora who yet kept the Field with Thirty thousand Men in hopes to recover his Kingdom with the assistance of the Portugueses To this effect he sent an Embassy to the Vice-Roy offering leave to build a Fort in his Harbour and other Advantages to the Crown of Portugal D. Antonio de Noronha Nephew to the Vice-Roy was sent to assist these two Kings with Twelve hundred Men in nineteen Vessels Being come to Ormuz they marched with Three thousand of that Kings Men and set down before the Fort of Catifa Four hundred Turks that were in that Garrison behaved themselves bravely but finding it in vain to resist fled by Night and being discovered were pursued and routed The Fort was taken and the Captain of Ormuz not daring to maintain it it was thought fit to be razed A Mine was made which taking fire before the time and blowing up the Work buried 40 Portugueses 6. After this Victory Noronha sailed to the Mouth of the River Euphrates in order to relieve the King of Baçora Here a cunning Bassa persuaded him he was sent for to be delivered up to his Enemies whereupon he returned Inglorious to Ormuz where being come he understood the Deceit but it was too late 7. The Vice-Roy had sent D. Garcia de Meneses to Command at Ternate at the Request of that King who could not endure Iordan de Freytas that sent him Prisoner to Goa The Affairs of Malaca hindred Meneses from going thither Bernardin de Sousa who had scarce resigned that Post to Christopher de Sá returned with Orders to continue there in case the Spaniards encroached upon those places Sá refused to admit him because the Spaniards were quiet and his Order conditional but Sousa pressed to be restored because he had not made so much of that Command as he expected At length Sá to prevent Mischief submitted Sousa immediately sets out with 180 Portugueses and sails for Gilolo to destroy the Fort was raising there The King of Ternate and Prince of Bacham followed with 5000 Men. 8. The King of Gilolo couragiously expected the coming of his Enemy in the the Fort with 1200 Men and many Pieces of Cannon Baltasar Veloso led our Van the Prince of Gilolo breaking out of an Ambush with Four hundred Men fell upon and distressed him but Veloso though seventy years of Age made such havock among the Enemies they were forced to fly Our Captain received some damage continues his Battery and sits down to besiege the place He cut off their Water which obliged them after a Siege of three Months to Capitulate and Peace was concluded upon these hard Terms That the King should lose this Title and be styled Governour and pay Tribute The Portugueses entred the Fort in his presence committing many barbarous Enormities and laid it even with the ground It is no small Credit to those of Gilolo that they held out four days after all their Provision was spent On our side Three hundred Men were killed eighteen of them
Portugueses there were more wounded Ferdinand Machaâ—… saying He should be killed here said the Office of the Dead for himself and leâ—…t it might be thought Cowardize went Dancing up to the Enemy he died of his Wounds soon after the Surrender The King also died for Grief and his Son Câ—…chilguzarate succeeded him Bernardin de Sousa being jealous of the Fort of Tidore went over to it and that King fearing greater damage agreed it should be demolished 9. Sultan Halaudim that King that Peter Mascarenas expelled Bantam and D. Stephen de Gama from Ujantana resolved now to try his Fortune against Malaca He had a great Power at Sea and was assisted by the Kings of Pera Pam and Marruaz and the Queen of Iapara in the Island of Iava About the beginning of Iune the Fleet of these Confederates put to Sea consisting of above Two hundred Sail. The King of Ujantana had sent an Embassadour to D. Pedro de Silva Commander of Malaca whose chief business was to discover what Force was in Malaca D. Pedro on the other side was privately informed by Laximena the Embassadour's Father of the King's design which was to surprize Malaca by giving oâ—…t His Preparations were against Achem. He had like to compass his Ends for the time was very short to provide The King entred the Port and burnt what Ships were in it and at the same time possessed himself of the Suburbs Then he intrenched planted his Cannon and began to batter the Fort furious and successfully and at length reduced the Inhabitants to feed upon such things as are loathsom 10. D. Garcia de Meneses sailing for the Maluco's put into Malaca with his Caravel where he had a hot Dispute with Lacxemena the Kings Admiral who had betrayed his Masters Counsels to the Portugueses and was then killed by them with his Son and his Ship sunk But D. Garcia did not long survive this Honour for attempting to gain a Gun that did much damage to the Town he was killed and with him above thirty Portugueses brought by D. Pedro de Silva to rescue him Mean while several Portugues Ships came into the Harbour from divers parts the News of the danger Malaca was in had reached The Enemy endeavoured to oppose them and Gomes Barreto conducted them in with safety 11. The Enemy resolved to Assault the City and the Commander D. Pedro having Notice of it provided to receive them Scarce did they begin to mount their Ladders when there fell on them a Storm of great pieces of Timbers Stones and Granado's so that in an instant above Eight hundred of them lay dead under the Wall This obliged them to retire to their Works and they resolved to starve the City Our Commander fearing the Consequence of this Resolution was advised by an unknown Souldier who before at the Assault promoted the throwing of Beams to send abroad some Ships and give out They were going to put those Kingâ—… Countries to Fire and Sword They believing it left the Siege which was prosecuted by the Queen of Iapara with the Men of Iava till Giles Fernandez de Carvallo coming unexpectedly with Two hundred Men there ensued a bloody Fight and at length the Enemies were put to a shameful flight having lost above Two thousand Men many Ships and all their Cannon and Ammunition whereof was a great quantity and it was of great consequence to the City What the Enemy could not execute by force when present they did by perfidiousness after their flight They poisoned a Well whereof our Men drinking above Two hundred died to the great terrour of all till the Cause was known 12. The Affairs of Ceylon were now in a very turbulent posture for Madune contrary to the Agreement distressed the King of Cota who had recourse to Gaspar de Azevedo Commander of Columbo and he with the King's Men and 100 Portugueses defeated the Enemy But the King of Cota being killed by a Musquet-shot he of Ceytavaca renewed his Pretensions The success was not answerable to his expectation for the New Prince assisted by the Portugueses gave him a total Rout. At the beginning of September the Vice-Roy prepared to go in Person to remedy these Disorders At the same time arrived from Portugal five Ships and soon after two more One was forced back to Lisbon by ill Weather The Vice-Roy set out the beginning of October with 3000 Men in 70 Sail. 13. The first thing he did after his Arrival at Ceylon was to put upon the Rack some Subjects of that King he went to succour that they might discover where their Princes Treasure was buried as if he had been an Enemy or had sent for him to make him his Treasurer In the second place he searched the Dead Man's Palace and found 80000 Ducats Thirdly He demanded 200000 Ducats for his Charges which was immediately granted And Fourthly he took the Field with his Three thousand Portugueses and Four thousand of the Kings Men. The King of Ceytavaca met them with a like Number but soon fled into the Mountains followed only by 100 Men. His City was plundered and the Booty very considerable The Vice-Roy turned over the Earth and dug up the Foundations of Buildings to discover hidden Treasures One was found consisting of many Gold and Silver Idols of a large size and other things One half of right belonged to the King we pretended to Relieve according to Agreement but the Wants of India permitted no performance of Promises Had the Indian broke his Word with the Christian he had been a Barbarian I know not what a Christian is that breaks his with the Barbarian Perhaps wiser Men know It appeared we went in search of hidden Treasures not to Relieve distressed Kings when this King desiring Five hundred Portugueses might be left with him to prevent his Enemies making Head again he was left without any because there was no more hopes of Treasure But we shall soon see the King of Cota revenged by the King of Portugal that it may appear the Actions of Kings are Divine when they are their own 14. Mean while Don Antony de Noronha scoured the Sea of Calicut making great havock in it and along the shoar The Vice-Roy returned to Cochin bringing with him a Kinsman of the King of Cota who was become a Christian went to Portugal where he was received with Honour and sent back to India and died in the Faith The Vice-Roy found the dispatch of the Homeward-bound Trading Ships was retarded by the Prince of Chembe he resolved to punish him and set out with a Fleet that contained Four thousand Men. Thirty thousand were gathered from Calicut to oppose him and some endeavoured to hinder the Landing but were soon put to flight 15. Our Men landed and marched to the City the Enemy met them and there followed a bloody Battle in which we lost forty Men but the Enemy was put to flight and the Vice-Roy satisfied with ravaging the Country returned to Cochim and dispatched the Ships
this last left about Four hundred of his Men on that Shoar and in his Long-Boat got to Goa These Four hundred who were left built a small Vessel and arrived at Cochim In the other Ships went the Bishop D. Belchior Carnero a Jesuit and some other Religious Men sent by the Pope to the Emperour of Ethiopia D. Alvaro de Silveyra was now made Admiral of a Fleet of 21 Sail provided for the Sea of Calicut and against the Queen of Olala who refused to pay her Tribute He over-run all those Coasts with Fire and Sword destroying many Towns and Ships and all things that stood in the way particularly the City Mangalor and a sumptuous Pagod Zamori sensible of his Losses desired Peace which was concluded Silveyra returned Victorious 6. Let us return to Ceylon Tribuli Pandar having made his Escape as was related out of Prison fled to Balande Madune subtilly exasperates him against the Portugueses and sent him Six hundred Chingala's with whom and his other Men he was so succesful that he reduced the Towns of Paneture Caleture Maça Berberi Gale and Beligam to the last Extremities destroying our Churches and killing many Christians Converted by the Religious of St. Francis who first Preached there Now comes Alfonso Pereyra de Laçerda to take upon him this Command Madune who before had assisted Pandar now offers to aid Laçerda against him He accepts the Offer The King sent his Son Raju by the way of Caleture with an Army Laçerda sent Ruy Pereyra with Two hundred Men and Antony de Spinola with One hundred two other ways to assault the City Palandu where Tribuli was They beset the Town at one time and after a vigorous Resistance the Portugueses entred it the King fled his Wife was taken and many of his Men killed The Portugueses returned Victorious and Madune obtained one of the Ends he had proposed to himself which were either That the Portugueses should destroy Pandar or he them 7. The beginning of this Year sailed Iohn Peixoto with two Galleys for the Red-Sea to discover what was doing at Suez He found all quiet and being loath to return without doing something he Landed before Day in the Island Suanquem with the King whereof we were at Variance It being a dead time of Night he found all asleep and might say as a Prince who killed a Man that was sleeping that he left those Islanders as he found them for many were killed before they awaked others after The same fate befell the King in his Palace Peixoto returned to his Galliots carrying Slaves and Booty without receiving the least damage Next day keeping along the Coast he destroyed several Towns and returned to Goa having purchased as much Honour with two small Vessels as others with many He brought away F. Gonçalo Rodriguez whom he found at Arquico much dissatisfied that he had not prevailed with the Emperour of Ethiopia to admit of the Rites of the Church 8. The King of Baçora oppressed by the Turks made now the same Offers to the Governour he had done before to the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha in case he would assist him to throw off the Turkish Yoak The Conditions were admitted and neither this time did it succeed for D. Alvaro de Silveyra going upon this Design with twenty Sail met not with the success he had the year before against the Malabars A terrible Storm so disabled him in that Port that he was not in a condition to attempt any thing a second time Michael Rodriguez Coutino prospered better going to the Lands of Salsete and Bardes against some Parties of Hidalcan who sought Revenge for our favouring Meale All the Sea-Ports were destroyed with Fire and Sword and many Ships perished He killed and took many Prisoners and returned with Honour and Riches to Goa The chief of the Booty was a great Ship of Meca taken at Dabul after a sharp engagement for there were Two hundred Moors in her who killed eight of our Men. 9. This Misfortune the more enraged Hidalcan and to mend it he sends a numerous Army into those same Lands The Governour set out with a strong Body to oppose him The War lasted all the Winter without any Action worthy relating In September arrived four Ships from Portugal in them went Ferdinand de Sousa and Castellobranco Embassadour to the Emperour of Ethiopia and F. Iohn Nunes Barreto Patriarch of that stubborn People His Companion was the Bishop Andrew de Oviedo who did nothing because the Emperour could not be reduced to change his Old Rites With these came to India F. Gonçalo de Sileyra to be Provincial he afterwards received the Crown of Martyrdom in Monomotapa All this shall be related in its proper place 10. The Governour set out to Visit our Forts in the North with a Fleet consisting of One hundred and fifty Sail of all sorts He gained the Mountain and Fort Azarim for a small purchase by the means of Coje Mahomet a Trusty Moor living at Bazaim This Mountain is not far from the City and rises very upright for the space of a League a little below the Top it is girt with a sort of Border standing out which renders it almost inaccessible the rest being very difficult of ascent It is kept by Threescore Men who need no other Arms to defend them but the Stones that lye there which rolled down the Passes must carry before them all that is in the way The Garrison lives upon the Top which is plain and almost round They light themselves with sticks of Wood that grow there and burns like a Torch with that odds that they cannot be quenched by Wind or Water 11. Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to take possession of this place he left there a Captain and 60 Portugueses and went on to take the Fort of Manora not far distant which the Inhabitants abandoned he left there George Manhans with 120 Men and returned to Bazaim where he found the Governour receiving an Embassy from the King of Cinde who desired Succour against a Tyrant that infested him We were desirous of this Prince's Friendship and thought fit to purchase it by Relieving him Seven hundred Men were sent to him in Twenty eight Vessels all Commanded by Peter Barreto Rolim 12. The Fleet arrived safe at Tatá the Court of the King of Cinde The Prince who was there visited Barreto and sent word of his Arrival to his Father who was absent in the Field He Answered desiring our Commander to wait till he Advised what was fit to be done Barreto stayed and soon after hearing the King was agreed with his Enemy without giving him notice he asked of the Prince leave to depart and that he would pay the Charge of the Fleet as was promised by the Embassadour The Answer was so little to satisfaction that Barreto landed his Men entred the City and in the Fury killed above Eight thousand Persons and destroyed by Fire the value of above two Millions of
missing among them all it was sought and restored 11. Luis de Melo de Silva who sailed last year for the Coast of Malabar did much harm there and ruined the Trade of the Moors At Mangalor he ordered two Captains to bring him a Vessel belonging to our Enemies of Cananor that was in the River but the Owners and some of the Townsmen coming to defend it our Men were worsted Melo enraged hereat assaulted the Town and put all Living Creatures to the Sword then fired it An old Moor leading a Company of the Inhabitants that fled with a Dagger in his hand met our Commander and struck him through the Arm. He laying hold of his long Hair delivered him to those that were near saying Take away that Devil He had scarce said it when the Moor was cut in pieces Melo having burnt the City with loss of some few Men returned to his Ships 12. Thirteen Ships of Calicut and Cananor were coming up to attack Melo but he went out to meet them with only seven He was formost in his Galliot and the Admiral of Calicut a Turk advanced before the rest to meet him As soon as they came within Cannon-shot our Gunner made one so fortunate it swept him from Stem to Stern and in a Minute the Keel of the Ship appeared above Water all the Men perishing Three other Ships board the Galliot and kill many of the Men but Melo stepping forward not only cleared his own Deck but pursued into the Ships in which not one Man was left alive Our other Vessels took the other three Ships of Calicut so that not one of them escaped and the Admiral of Cananor fled with his seven having only stood by as a Witness of what the others did The Enemy lost above 400 Men. For a long time after the People along that Coast would not eat Fish because a man's Fingers were found in the Belly of one 13. Luis de Melo went thus Victorious to Goa and the Vice-Roy confined him because he had done those Actions when his Presence was required at Cananor His Confinement was censured and the Vice-Roy being none of those that will obstinately persist in their Opinion though it do never so much mischief he went in person to be Friends with Melo at Pangim where he was in Custody Melo knowing well how to esteem such Favours from Superiours was abundantly satisfied and returned with his Fleet by the Vice-Roy's Order to Cananor because D. Payo de Noronha was in some distress there Emanuel de Vasconcelos went to Ternate with three Ships and other small Vessels 14. Luis de Melo was the Life of Noronha who was in great danger at Cananor being threatned with a Siege by all the Princes of Malabar stirred up by Ade Rajao not without some provocation given by Noronha Rajao with 100000 Men attacks the Fort and enters the Trenches Melo who was in them with 60 Men flew about like Lightning Antony de Villena with Fifty did Wonders among the Moors who had entred his House In fine the whole number which was 500 Men did more than human Actions among that multitude of Enemies It is said A Religious Man at his Prayers saw the Holy Ghost in the form of a Pigeon on a Beam of the Church and shewed it to many others Our Men hearing of it fell on with new Vigour and so effectually that they put the Enemy to flight having killed 15000 of them Of the Portugueses 25 were lost The fight lasted 12 Hours Luis de Melo played the part of a Souldier as well as Commander Francis Riscaâ—… a Man of ordinary Extraction performed extraordinary acts of Valour The Enemy went home admiring the Valour of our Men and Peace was restored to Cananor 15. It is strange that among all the Churches erected in India none till this time had been dedicated to its Apostle St. Thomas Our Vice-Roy taking this into Consideration began to build at Goa a sumptuous Church to him which was not finished because the time of his Government expired and remains to this day as a heap of Ruins none of his Successors having put his Hand to advance so good a Work CHAP. XV. Continues the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Constantin in the Reign of King SEBASTIAN 1. AT this time the Emperour of Ethiopia was much molested by the Turks and Moors and obtained some Victories over them having some Portugueses in his Service Our Bishop could not work upon him to leave his Heretical Customs and therefore resolved to leave him but stayed at the Request of the Portugueses The Emperour being Invaded by the King of Mallassays contrary to the Advice of the Portugueses marched to meet him and they followed He was slain by Malassays and they seeing his Subjects fly cast themselves among the Enemies and after doing more than is credible were most of them killed 2. The Turk desiring to possess himself of the Arabian Ports on the side next Persia sent this Year an Officer with two Gallies and seventy Barques with 1200 Turks and Janizaries against the Fort of Baharem Rax Morado a resolute Commander was in it who provided the best he could and sent Advice of the danger he was in to the King of Ormuz and D. Antony de Noronha then Commanding that Fort. D. Iohn de Noronha went to relieve him with ten Ships he was near taking the Turkish Galleys but missed for want of pursuing and the next day they obliged him to take shelter in the Creeks along that Shoar D. Alvaro de Silveyra receiving Advice from Ormuz came up and joyning D. Iohn took the Galleys The Bassa having lost them concluded he was also lost if he took not the Fort and therefore pressed on his Attacks Rax Morado and D. Alvaro had a Meeting and agreed it was not convenient to fight but besiege the Besiegers yet such was the Insolence of the Souâ—…diers that Mutinying they obliged them to give Battle Rax joyned the Portugueses with 300 Persians well Armed they attacked the Turks who purposely though with loss gave way till they drew them to an Ambush which put them into disorder in spight of all D. Alvaro could do till he fell by a Musquet-Ball that hit him in the Throat The Portugueses fought desperately some to defend and others to bring him off but to no purpose for the Turks cut off his Head Above 70 of our Men were killed and several taken Rax Morado retired with many to the Fort after behaving himself in such manner as might be envied by the Portugueses Thus was the rashness of those that were so hot for fighting punished 3. Peter Peixoto succeeded in the Command of our Men and following the Advice before despised besieged the Island and so streightned the Turks they sued for Mercy whereby it appeared how great a Fault it was not to take this course at first D. Antony de Noronha receiving Advice at Ormuz of our loss presently set out to revenge it The Siege continued and in
served him instead of Powder 5. Madre Maluco King of Cambaya taking the advantage of the Vice-Roys absence from Damam resolved to recover that City and was ready to march with a formidable Power D. Iames de Noronha who spent much Mony in Intelligence soon understood his design and finding he could not oppose him with open Force had recourse to Artifice He dexterously persuades Cedemecan Lord of Suratt his Neighbour and Friend that his Brother-in-Law Madre Maluco was coming to expel him that City and therefore gave out his design was upon Damam Cedemecan gave credit to the Fiction and going to Visit his Brother-in-Law in the Camp persuaded him to Sup with him in the Town and carry with him the principal Heads of his Army Scarce were they in his House when he killed them all and falling upon the Camp put the Army to the rout with great slaughter Thus Noronha avoided this Danger without drawing Sword and Cedemecan drew on himself another to shun that which did not threaten him The Manager of this Intrigue was D. Iames Pereyra a Gentleman of great Prudence and Vigilance who performed it very dexterously not without great danger to himself 6. Chinguiscan with a prodigious Power marches to Suratt to revenge the Death of his Father and enters the City Cemedecan retiring into the Fort Chinguiscan sets down before and begins to batter it furiously and Cedemecan omitted nothing towards his defence when 10 Ships arrive sent by D. Iames under the Command of Luis Alvarez de Tavora with Orders so to manage himself that either of the two Enemies might believe he came to their assistance D. Iames under-hand writ to Chinguiscan acquainting him he had sent those Ships to his Aid Tavora had a Letter from him to Cedemecan of the same purport All this Preparation vanished for the Besieger hearing another Enemy invaded his Kingdom agreed with the Besieged and returned home So did Luis Alvarez having given much Content to our Neighbour who had he known all had more cause to be highly dissatisfied Alvarez coming to Damam found D. Iames de Noronha at Death's door and he soon after expired at â—…he Age of 44. He died Poor having spent â—…ll he got in the Service of his King and Country D. Antony de Noronha after Vice-Roy used to say That a man must be mad to â—…ractice this sort of Liberality After that rate â—…ow-adays all Men are very Wise. 7. The Vice-Roy being at Cochim dispatched three Ships for Portugal two of them arrived safe the other was forced back Then he had a meeting with the King of Pimienta with whom he was at variance and they agreed The Princes of Calicut being sent to be bred at Cananor and those of Cananor at Calicut caused such a Confusion that Iohn Pereyra Commander of Cananor was in some danger attempting to hinder the Passage of the Malabars who had possessed themselves of the Island Primbalam belonging to Cochim which might prove the loss of our Fort. The Vice-Roy sent first D. Francis de Almeyda with ten Ships and after him Luis de Melo de Silva with 500 Men and the King of Cochim assisted with his Forces There was a great Fight many of the Enemies were killed and the rest expelled the Island Martin Alfonso de Melo afterwards cleared all the Passes and restored the Island to the King D. Constantin returned to Goa 8. He sent Commanders to several Forts and a Fleet of 21 Sail under the Command of Sebastian de Sá to assist the King of Baçora against the Turks for which he offered to permit us to build a Fort there This Fleet was by bad Weather scattered and put into several Ports Cedemecan sent to acquaint the Vice-Roy That Chinguiscan was again marching towards him and he being in no condition to oppose him would deliver up that Fort to the Crown of Portugal only upon Condition to be carried with his Family and Treasure where he should appoint Don Constantin immediately fitted out fourteen Ships the Command whereof he gave to D. Antony de Noronha With him went Luis de Melo to receive the Command of Damam from Iames de Silva who held it by the Death of D. Iames de Noronha There they found four Galliots of Sebastian de Sá his Squadron that was dispersed and so made up 500 Men and passed to Suratt They went up the River through such showers of Bullets that there was scarce a Vessel but lost some Men. Then they Landed and immediately entred a Work and after a tedious Engagement Chinguiscan with above 20000 Men was beaten by 500 Portugueses and our Captain remained Master of the Field 9. In the same Heat he entred the City where Chinguiscan was and retired honourably though not without danger But coming to Treat with Cedemecan about delivering up the Fort as he had promised found him quite estranged from it Some say he durst not do it for fear his own Men should kill him and 't is likely it was so for D. Antony being gone to Goa they would have murdered him only for the Intention so that he was forced to make his escape from them and being taken by Chinguiscan had his Head cut off Caracen his Brother-in-Law succeeded him in Suratt and found the means of obliging Chinguiscan so that he left him in peaceable possession 10. Emanuel de Vasconcelos being arrived at the Moluco's prevailed with the King of Ternate to quit his claim to that Kingdom as being left by the rightful Possessor who died a Christian at Malaca to our King Accordingly King Sebastian was Proclaimed in all the Neighbourhood he that Resigned still keeping the Title and Government Vasconcelos having made War against the King of Tidore soon after died Sebastian Machado his Lieutenant succeeded him and sent George Ferreyra against the Sangaje of Gilolo who brought him to Submission The Christian Faith was now very much propagated in these Parts by the labour and industry of the Jesuits 11. The Year ended the Government of D. Constantin applauded by all lovers of Truth though censured by the Vile Portugueses in India He was endued with all those Parts that make a man Great and was fortunate in his Undertakings his Government such that King Sebastian offered it him for Life and he refused and when that Excellent Vice-Roy D. Luis de Ataide returned thither the second time he bid him Govern like D. Constantin 12. His Countenance was beautiful and majestick his Complexion white his Beard thick and black In the number of Vice-Roys he was the 7th in that of Governours the 20th and held it three years CHAP. XVII The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Francis Coutinho Count de Redondo from the Year 1561 till 1564 in the Reign of King SEBASTIAN 1. IN the beginning of September arrived at Goa D. Francis Coutinho Count de Redondo no less known for his witty Sayings than his Actions in Peace and War He brought five Ships and sailed from Lisbon the
Inherit but the Nephews born of Sisters by reason of the ill conceit they have of the Mothers believing this way they secure the Royal Descent The Princesses that bring forth these Heirs get them in this manner The Princess is Married to a Neighbouring Prince who leaves her untouched a Nayre of the Family of Naburii destined for this Employ gets her Maidenhead and then departs never more to be seen in the Country upon pain of Death The Princess afterwards chooses others among the Naburiis of whom she makes use till she has Conceived She has liberty to choose among them all but none of them can court her upon pain of Death The Nayres are very poor few of them can maintain a Wife and he that can need not fear another corrupting of her For this Reason three or four of them joyn to maintain a Woman and that is their manner of Marriage When one goes to the Wife he leaves his Buckler at the Door which is a sign one is within and if another comes he must stay The Kingdom of Cochin was subject to this Empire though without paying Tribute and made free by the Portugueses in requital for the fidelity of the King Uniramacoul who Reigned when we first discovered India and exposed himself to utter danger of being ruined rather than deliver up the Portugueses to Zamori King Emanuel sent him a Crown of Gold by the Vice-Roy D. Francis de Almeyda which he received submitting himself as a Subject to Portugal without any other acknowledgment but is yearly presented with two pieces of Gold the one a Portugues being a Coin worth 18 Ducats on the 1st of Ianuary the other on the day of the Epiphany is a Cup worth 640 Thus much of the Empire of Malabar 7. As to Meliapor for what relates to the Apostle It is the received Opinion he was killed at Antenodur a Mountain a League distant from the Town where he had two Caves whither he retired to Pray The nearest now belongs to the Jesuits the other is the Church of our Lady of the Mount He being one day at Prayer in the former opposite to a Clift that gave Light to it one of the Bramens who was watching thrust a Lance through that Hole in such manner that a piece of it remaining in his Body he went to the other Cave and there died embracing a Stone on which a Cross was carved Hence his Disciples removed and Buried him in his Church where he was found by Emanuel de Faria or Frias and the Priest Antony Penteado sent thither on purpose by King Emanuel 8. In the Year 1547 being about to repair that Oratory where the Apostle died digging they found a Stone which seems to be the same he held then It is about a yard long and three quarters wide the Colour grey with some red spots In the middle of it is carved a Portal round at the Top with Letters between the two Borders within two Banisters rather than Pillars being turned on which are two twisted Figures like Dogs sitting from whose Necks rises a graceful Arch of five Borders and between every two are knots like Beads In the hollow of this Door is a Pedestal of two Steps from the uppermost of which rises a Branch on each side and over them as it were in the Air is a Cross the ends of it like to that of the Military Order of Alcantara as the History relates but the Print shews them like three half Moons the Convex sides outwards and the Points meeting as commonly we see in many ancient Churches in Europe Over all is a Dove flying as it were descending to touch the Cross with its Beak There are ancient Pillars in the East with Doves after this manner One preserved in the Pagod of Negapatan has carved on it a Cock a Rope and a Candle There is a Tradition it came of it self to those parts by Sea with a Candle burning 9. The Chappel being repaired or beautified in the Year 1551 the Stone was solemnly set up in it and at the time the Priest pronounced those words of the Gospel Missus est Angelus Gabriel c. it began to change colour and became black and shining then sweating turned to its own colour plainly discovering the spots of Blood which before were obscure The Letters about it could not be understood till the Year 1561 a Learned Bramen said they were 36 Hieroglyphicks every one containing a Sentence and were to this effect In the time of the Son of Sagad the Gentile who Reigned 30 years came upon Earth one only GOD and was Incarnate in the Womb of a Virgin He abolished the Law of the Jews whom he punished for the Sins of Men after he had been in the World 33 years and taught Twelve Servants the Truth he preached A King of Three Crowns Cheralacone Indalacone Cuspandiad and King Alexander of the Kingdom Ertinabarad with Catherine his Daughter and many Virgins and six Families voluntarily followed the Law of Thomas because it was the Law of Truth and he gave them the Sign of the Cross to adore Going up to the place of Antenodur a Bramen run him through with a Lance and he embraced this Cross which was stained with his Blood and his Disciples carried him to Maiale and Buried him in his Church with the Lance in his Body And because We the above-named Kings saw this we carved these Letters here Hence besides the Story is gathered That Maiale was the ancient Name of the City Meliapor now called St. Thomas This Stone afterwards sweated sometimes Till the Year 1561 it was a good Omen since then a bad one 10. In the time of the Priest Penteado were also found three Brass Plates about a Span long and half as broad in shape like a Scutcheon on the top a Ring On the one side was a Cross and Peacock the ancient Arms of Meliapor on the other Characters which were explained by another Learned Bramen The first part was Titles of the King Boca Raja Son of Campula Raja and Grandson of Atela Raja He begins confessing One God without beginning Maker of all things And says of himself That he is as Great a Gentleman as the Beast Chigsan and as one of the five Kings who conquered 99 That he is as strong as one of the eight Elephants that the World stands upon and that he Conquered the Kingdoms of Otia Tulcan and Canara cutting his Enemies to pieces with his Sword The other Plates contained Grants of Lands to St. Thomas directed to himself and calling him Abidarra Modeliar Whence may be gathered these Princes Reigned at the time that Christ suffered One of them begins thus After the Year 1259 in the first Year called Icarrana Rachan on the 12th day of the New Moon of the good Year I give in Alms to the Saint Abidarra Modeliar c. Thus Another This is a Token of Alms-deeds to purchase Paradice and all Kings that perform them shall obtain
same Lope Soarez de Albergaria 1. THE Island Ceylon is opposite to Cape Comori and is the Southermost Land of India within Ganges distant from the Continent sixteen Leagues once as some imagine join'd to it in length about eighty Leagues and forty five in breadth The Southermost Point is in the Latitude of six degrees the most Northerly in about ten In this Sea is a Fishery of precious Pearls The ancient Inhabitants of it called it Ilanare The Persians and Arabs Seradib It took the Name of Ceylon from the Sea that parts it from the Continent because being dangerous and the Chineses having lost a great Fleet there called it Chilam that is to say Danger it somewhat resembles Scylla and corruptly it was called Ceylon This is the ancient Trapobana and not Sumatra as some have imagined It produces many things Cinnamon better than that of all other places Rubies Saphires and other precious Stones much Pepper and Cardamum Brasil Wood and other Dyes great Woods of Palm-trees the Elephants bred there the most sensible much Cattle has good Ports and several Rivers of good Water The Mountains are covered with pleasant Woods one particularly rising the space of seven Leagues on the top whereof is a round plain of about thirty paces Diameter in the Center whereof rises a smooth Rock about six spans above the rest on the Superficies whereof is the Print of a Mans Foot about two spans in length This Footstep is held in great veneration being thought to be of a holy Man born at Delhi who lived many years on that Mountain preaching to the Inhabitants the Belief of one only God who afterwards returning to his own Country sent one of his Teeth to the Kings of that Island as a Token to remember him and they keep it as a Relict whereon they repose much Confidence in time of Danger On this account resort thither many Pilgrims from places a thousand Leagues distant The Island is divided into nine Kingdoms the chiefest Columbo on the West The others Gale on the South Iaula Tanavaca Cande Batecalon Vilacem Triquinamale and Iafanapatam 2. The King of Columbo in Ceylon had a Trade with the Portugueses desired their Friendship and furnished them with Cinnamon from the time of Albuquerque Lope Soarez went thither now with a Design to oblige him to pay Tribute and to build a Fort as King Emanuel desired He had with him seven Gallies two Ships and eight small Vessels with the Materials and Workmen for the Building and 700 Portugues Soldiers They had bad Weather but arrived safe The King presently granted leave to build a Fort and the Moors as soon altered his mind and he received Soarez going to begin the Work in such manner as put him to a streight but in the end the Enemies were put to flight They had fortified themselves to hinder the Work and Lope Soarez did the same now to begin it The King came to composition the Articles were that he should be a Subject to Portugal paying a yearly Tribute of twelve hundred Quintals of Cinnamon twelve Rings of Rubies and Saphires and six Elephants for Soarez would not admit his Excuses wherein he blamed the Foreign Merchants 3. At this time arrived from the Maldives Iohn de Silveyra with four Sail in his way he took two Ships of Cambaya and the King of the Island granted leave to erect a Factory He went with the same Design to Bengala where he was in great Danger for there a Bengalian young Man that sailed with him discovered the taking of the two Ships which were sent to Cochin and so he was looked upon as a Pyrate not worthy to be heard It had been worse with him had not Iohn Coello arrived then with his Ship from Pacem being sent on the same Errand by Ferdinando Perez de Andrade to the King of Bengala Don Iohn de Silveyra set Sail hence after passing the Winter with great hardship especially through Famine He was invited by the King of Arracam to his Port who with the Messenger sent him a Present but all his Kindnesses tended to destroy him at the instigation of the Governour of the other Port. This Treachery took no effect and he arriv'd at Ceylon at the time that Lope Soarez finished the Fort who gave him the command of it and left Anthony de Miranda de Azevedo with four Ships to cruise in that Sea 4. Whilst these things were acted at Maldivia Chatigam and Columbo D. Alexius Meneses secured Malaca being arrived with Men and Amunition and putting an end to the Divisions of the Portugueses about succeeding the Governour who lay dying Alfonso Lopez de Costa had the government and Duarte de Melo the command of the Sea Duarte Coello was sent with an Embassy and Present from King Emanuel to him of Siam the substance of it was to confirm the Peace and as a token of it that he would send People to inhabit Malaca that so the Moors whom he hated as much as we might be totally expelled He granted all with great satisfaction and as a testimony of his Sincerity caused to be erected in a remarkable place of the City Hudia where he then was a Cross with the Arms of Portugal on it Coello having thus succeeded was thrown by stress of weather upon the Coast of Pam the King whereof received him friendly and voluntarily submitted himself to the Crown of Portugal with an yearly tribute of a Gold Cup. This action was done rather in hatred to the King of Bintam than of any love to us 5. The Kingdom of Siam where Coello had now been setling Peace is one of the three greatest of Asia the others are that of China and that of Bisnagar The great River Menam runs through the middle of the Kingdom of Siam as it lies in length the River has its spring in the great Lake Chiamay in the Latitude of 30 Degrees and falls into the Sea in 13 Degrees so that the length of this Kingdom is 330 Leagues On the West of it is Bengala on the South Malaca on the East Cambodia and on the North China It contains much Mountain and Plain and in both sundry sorts of People some most barbarous and cruel who feed on human Flesh as the Guei who for ornament make figures on their Bodies with hot Irons Here are bred many Elephants black Cattle and Buffaloes It has many Sea-port Towns and populous Cities Hudia is the Metropolis or Court The Faith of the Siamites agrees in many considerable points with the Christian as one God Heaven and Hell Good and Bad Angels attending each body They build sumptuous Temples in which they place Idols of vast bigness They are very religious sparing in Diet much given to divination studious particularly in Astrology All the Land is most fruitful abounds in Gold and Silver and other Metals The memorable services of Subjects are recorded to be read to the Prinçes not the favours of the Kings Against this King
of Silk much Fish and Cattle of sundry sorts The Natives are Pagans the Moors first came in as Merchants then possessed themselves as Lords since the year 1400. Of the Natives those they call Batas who inhabit the inland are most brutal eating human flesh The Moors dwell on the Coast. They use several Languages but chiefly that of Malaca Their Weapons were poisoned Arrows like those of Iava from whom they are descended afterwards they used our Arms. The Island is divided into nine Kingdoms that of Pedir was once the greatest now that of Pacem whose Kings are no longer lived than the Rabble pleases George de Albuquerque now carried one of their Princes expelled to restore him to his Crown either by persuasion or by 〈◊〉 he having to this effect fled to the protection of the Portugueses when Alfonso de Albuquerque took Malaca 2. George Albuquerque arriving at the Island and assisted by the neighbouring King of Ara proposed to the Usurper to quit the Kingdom to the lawful Prince who had submitted himself to the King of Portugal Genial the Usurper offered the same submission to keep his possession The Offer was refused and Albuquerque went to attack him in his Fort which was scaled and the Gate broke open but valiantly maintained by thirty Men who were in a Tower over it with the Usurper himself till Cid Cerveyra with a Musket Shot which went through his Forehead brought him down whereupon the thirty Men dismayed and fled The Flower of three thousand Moors assaulted by three hundred of our Men courageously defended a large Court or place of Arms assisted by the Elephants Hector de Silveyra directing his Lance to the Trunk of one the Beast put it by and laying hold of his Body threw him into the Air but so fortunately that he lived Two others succeeded better one killing the Rider the other wounded the Elephant so that he flew back making great havock among his own party The Moors retired to a lesser place and being close pursued the King of Aru coming on to our assistance in due time two thousand of the Enemy were slain Four or five Men of Note were killed on our side many wounded George de Albuquerque twice in the Face Next day the dispossessed Prince was restored with great state and made tributary to King Emanuel and a Fort raised there as in other places 3. At this time arrived at the same Port Antony de Brito with the Fleet that had been commanded by his Brother George who with the choice of his Men was killed on the shoar of Achem twenty Leagues distant from Pacem and was sent thither with six Sail and three hundred Men. Behold an example of Avarice and Ingratitude Iohn de Borba after suffering Shipwrack having been tossed nine days on the Waves with nine Companions and cast upon the shoar of Achem was received and relieved by that King as if he had been in his native Country But George de Brito arriving he informs him there was great store of Gold in the Tombs of the Kings and the more to induce him to commit the Robbery said the King had taken away the Goods of some Portugueses Brito after some inquiry into the Business began to pick a quarrel with the King and seise upon that Gold He landed with two hundred Men and finding a Fort in his way took it Two Drunken Men issuing out after the taking were killed by the Enemy and several succeeding to relieve or revenge them George de Brito was at last obliged to come to their Succour at such time as the King came on with a thousand Men and six Elephants Here Brito and most of his Men were killed among them fifty of Note This is the just Reward of Injustice Ingratitude and Avarice The sad Remainder retired to their Ships the Command whereof fell to Antony de Brito Brother to him slain who now joined Albuquerque in the Port of Pacem where he left some Men and three Ships which were afterwards of use against a Moor who infested that Coast. 4. George de Albuquerque returning to Malaca and taking possession of that Command prepared to make War upon the King of Bintam who was forty Leagues distant from Malaca in the Island Bintam of forty Leagues circumference The Island was well fortified having two strong Castles and the Rivers staked so that it seemed almost inaccessible Albuquerque set out from Malaca with eighteen Sail and six hundred Men. Finding it impossible for the Ships to come up he landed his Men in Boats to attack a Fort but the Water being up to their middles and the Enemies shot very thick they were forced to retire without doing any execution and having lost twenty Men and many wounded 5. Hence Antony de Brito set sail for the Maluco Islands which are in the midst of many others under the Equinoctial about three hundred Leagues from Malaca Eastward The principal of them are five about twenty five Leagues distant from each other Their Names tho in general called Malucos are Ternate Tidore Mousell Maquien Bacham The biggest not above six Leagues in circumference They are covered with Woods and Fogs therefore unhealthy These five produce â—…ves but no manner of Food and thâ—…and Batochina sixty Leagues in length produces Food but no Cloves In some there are flaming Mountains chiefly in Ternate Their chief Sustenance is Meal made of the Bark of Trees like to the Palm from these and others they have Wine and Vinegar There is a sort of Canes that in the hollow have a Liquor delightful to drink The Inhabitants are not great Lovers of Flesh though they have plenty more of Fish of which there is an infinite quantity They are not affable but warlike and most swift either in running or swimming Idolaters as to their Religion Of their Origen there is no account They were in process of times possessed by Moors since whose first coming to them there was yet living an old Master when Brito arrived 6. To these Islands and particularly Ternate Brito was sent to build a Fort which long since Boylefe the King thereof had desired Others had gone before but to no effect as in the time of Albuquerque Antony de Abreu who lost one of the three Ships he carried but saved the Men. He arrived in the Island Banda five go under this name but it is most proper to the chief which is like an earthly Paradice one great Ornament of it being the Plant which produces the Mace Antony de Abreu returned to Malaca but his other Captain Francis Serram was drove to Ternate the King whereof seeing him and some of his Men in Armour concluded a Prophecy was fulfilled which foretold that Men of Iron should come to that Island who would make it famous Anthony de Miranda went thither afterwards Francis Serram staying there to expect an answer from King Emanuel to the Letters of the Kings of Ternate and Tidore each striving to have the Fort built
a Neighbour and made use of Magellan's Assistance against him After two Victories he was killed in a third Battle together with the Astrologer and some others on the 27th of April 1521. The King who in Baptism was called Ferdinand seeing that slaughter agreed with his Enemy to kill all the Christians that were ashoar and inviting them to Dinner poysoned them all They who were aboard being too few for three Ships burnt one and set sail with the other two one of them the famous Victory commanded by Iohn Sebastian Cano. They arrived at the Malucos and were received at Tidore by the King in hatred of the Portugueses and Ternatenses for their late Differences There they loaded with Spice and went thence to Banda where they took in more with the Assistance of Iohn de Lourosa a Portugues The second Ship returned to Ternate some of the Men being dead and the rest spent by a contagious Disease Antony de Brito treated them as if they had been his Country-men not intruding Strangers relieved and sent them to India whence they returned in our Ships to their Country The famous Ship the Victory returned with triumph to Spain after performing that wonderful Voyagé about the World Their arrival raised new Contests between the Emperour Charles the V. and our King Iohn the III. because the Maluco Islands belonged to Portugal according to the former agreement The Year 1524. there was a meeting of Civilians and Geographers about this Affair between Badajoz and Elvas which fell to nothing But was afterwards setled in the Year 1525. CHAP. VI. Continues still the government of James Lopez de Sequeyra and reign of King Emanuel 1. IT is absolutely necessary something be said of those Captains who the foregoing years were sent to several parts tho' what they did was in relation to Trade a subject unbecoming a grave History Fernan Perez de Andrade had secured the Trade of China in the City Quantung The profit was exceeding great and all Mens desires were directed thither His Brother Simon de Andrade obtained leave of the Governour to undertake that Voyage with five Ships They anchored in the Port of the Island Tamou opposite to Quantung where the other had been Our Embassadour to the King of China was not yet gone thence but went soon after up a large River with three Vessels richly furnished with Portugues Colours it being a received Custom that none but those of China should be seen there which are Gules a Lyon Rampant In this manner he came to the foot of the Mountain in which are the Springs of the River he sailed This Mountain is called Malexam which beginning at the Bay of Couchin china in the Province of Fokien divides three Southern Provinces that is Quangsi Quantung and Fokien as the Perineans Spain and France In one of the only two Ports there are in this division Thomas Perez landed and travelled Northwards to the Province and City Nanking where the King then was having spent four Months in the Journey without staying at any place So large is that Empire That Prince designed to give him audience at Peking a City farther distant The Embassadour followed But now appear the effects of trading avarice for whilst he travelled Simon de Andrade behaved himself after such a manner in the Island Tamou that an account of his bad proceedings was sent after Thomas Perez The Embassadour set out but the Information reached the King first and was fully credited He and his Companions were condemned to death as Spies The rigour of the Sentence was mitigated but the Embassy not received and they sent back Prisoners to Quantung with order that in case the Portugueses would restore Malaca to its King who was a subject to China they they might be restored and heard otherwise these should be punished and none ever admitted but treated as Enemies 2. Simon de Andrade was proud and conceited and thought by high Hand to authorize his unjust dealing To this end as if he had been King of that Island he raised a Fort and set up a Gallows to terrify the People He committed violence upon the Merchants who resorted thither contrary to their Privileges and bought young People of both Sexes without the usual precautions giving occasion to Thieves to steal them from their Parents These extravagancies which lost nothing by the carriage were heard by the King before Thomas Perez and had the effect above related At this time arrived there Iames Calva with one Ship from Lisbon and others from Malaca The Portugueses agree in acting more insolently which wholly exasperated the Governours of Quantung who to punish them secured some and contrived to take the Ship arrived last They began to act when Duarte Coello arrived with two Vessels from Malaca well manned and provided The Itao or Admiral of that Sea attacked them with fifty Sail did some and received greater damage from our Artillery was forced to retire and lying off kept them besieged Forty Days he had kept them in when Ambrose del Rego came with two Ships more from Malaca and it was resolved to force their way through Itaos's Fleet and get out of the Island The Fight was bloody but a Storm rising dispersed the Enemies Fleet and left ours in safety The Itao revenged this Disaster upon some of our People that arrived there and upon the Embassadour Thomas Perez and his Companions who being returned to Quantung were all slain and robbed of the Present sent to that King and what Perez had gained We will not pass it in silence to show how great was the return of this Trade for this Man being of base Parentage and by Trade an Apothecary though chosen for Embassadour for his good Parts yet at this time there was found with him 2000 weight of Rhubarb 1600 pieces of Damask 400 of other Silks above 100 ounces of Gold and 2000 of Silver three quarters of a hundred of loose Musk and above 3000 Purses of it at first called Papos and much other Merchandise 3. Mocrin King of Lasah refused to pay the tribute due to the King of Ormuz for the Islands of Baharem and Catifa on the Coast of Arabia and he of Ormuz was backward in paying us excusing himself with the failure of the other He had already sent a considerable Force with some Assistance of Portugueses to reduce him but to no effect He now resolved to do it effectually and treated about it with Iames Lopez de Sequeyra who to secure our tribute consented to assist him against his Enemy The King of Ormuz set out 200 Vessels with 3000 Arabs and Persians The Portugues party consisted of seven Ships and 400 Men commanded by Anthony Corea All our Ships arrived at Baharem Raez Xaraso commanded the Ormuzians some whereof came not up Mocrin was well prepared to receive them with 300 Arabian Horse 400 Persian Archers 20 Turkish Musquetiers besides Natives and above 11000 armed with several Weapons strong Intrenchments and other Works
the Wall well furnished with Cannon all under the Care of tried Commanders The Persian Gulph lies between Arabia and Persia from which last as the noblest it takes its name This most famous Part be gins at Cape Iasque or Carpela in twenty six degrees of Northern Latitude and ends at the Mouth of the River Euphrates along this Coast are many Cities Rivers Woods and Islands It is not so on the other side which beginning at C. Mozandan or Assaborum and ending where it meets with Persia yet in all that distance has but four Towns in which is a Fishery of Pearl Catifa is opposite to Baharem and is thirty Leagues round and seven in length distant from Ormuz one hundred and ten It s greatest product is Tamarins but has all other Fruit that is usual in Spain The greatest Town is of the same Name there being in the Island about three hundred Villages The Inhabitants are Moors and Arabs the Air unhealthy The Pearl found here tho not so much in quantity is of more value than that of Ceylon in India or Hainan in China Opposite to the Island on the Continent is the City Lasah whereof Mocrim was King who now was provided against us at Baharem 5. Raez Zarafo was ordered to relieve where he should see the greatest need whilst Correa landed with one hundred and seventy Portugueses to which his Brother Ayres carried the Van with fifty all of them knee-deep in Water The Trenches assaulted the Fight was hot the King encouraging his Men at the Head of them till Weariness and Heat obliged both parties to take breadth Being recovered they return to the Attack and the King being shot through the Thigh whereof six days after he died his Men fainted and great numbers being killed and wounded they left us a complete Victory Raez Xarafo from his Vessel looked on all the time But after knowing the dead Body of the King was carried over to be buried at Lasah he obtained leave to go take it and having performed it cut off the Head which was carried to Ormuz We had many wounded seven killed and the Island in two hours was restored to our Homager For this reason Antony Correa had the Title of Baharem added to his Name and the Head of a King to his Arms which continues in his posterity 6. Whilst our Arms were exercised at Baharem they were not idle in India They assisted the King of Cochin against him of Calicut who braved it with two hundred thousand Men the other having but forty thousand The Portugues Aid being but forty Men thirty of them Musquetiers yet so terrified the Enemy that they retired Iames Fernandez de Beja who was left by the Governor before Diu now came to him to Ormuz ill treated by the Vessels of Melique Az whose double dealing was now visible Iames Lopez thought to mitigate the Grief of this Accident by another more grateful and brought new Trouble upon himself at Ormuz thinking to prevent the Frauds of that Custom-House To this effect he placed Portugues Officers in it which so exasperated the Natives who were concerned that thev endeavoured to shake off our Yoke as shall appear in its proper place 7. Now Iames Lopez designed to reassume the Business against Diu and therefore sent before Iames Fernandez de Beja with four Galeons to hinder any Ships entring that Port he executed it effectually and took some But Melique Az his Vessels coming out with much Cannon and better Fortune they sunk one of our Ships and did much damage in the others till the Wind which had failed favouring they were obliged to retire With like Fortune Iames Lopez drew near for having taken a Ship by the way and divided the Moors were in her among his those who were allotted to Antony Correa set fire to the Powder which blew the Poop into the Air and sunk the Vessel so miserably ended that brave Captain who had triumphed over King Mocrin These Misfortunes obliged Iames Lopez to desist from the Enterprise and go over to Chaul 8. Here he found Ferdinando Camelo whocame from the Court of Nizamaluco with leave for us to build a Fort there for his own ends and chiefly for the importation of Horses which at that time was the Trade of Goa only The Work was begun and Melique Az fearing it would lessen the Trade of Diu and encrease our Power resolved to obstruct it He appeared in the Sea of Chaul with above fifty Vessels of his own and Confederates and presently sunk a great Ship in which Peter de Silva de Meneses was newly come from Ormuz and for for the space of twenty days did much damage in the Ships and Gallies wherewith D. Alexius de Meneses opposed them Notwithstanding all dangers the Work was carried on with good success 9. But it being necessary for the Governor to repair to Cochin because his Successor was arrived and he must prepare to return home he set out of Dabul rushing through the Dangers that surrounded the Work He left his Nephew Henry de Meneses to command the Fort and Antony Correa at Sea 10. Whilst Iames Lopez sailed to Cochin Agâ—… Mahamud who commanded Melique Az his Fleet came to hinder the Work of the Fort. To secure the Entrance of the River there was raised opposite to the Work a Bulwark which was committed to the Care of Peter vaz Permeo with upwards of thirty Men Mahamud sent three hundred by night to surprize this Bulwark whilst he on the other side gave a Diversion They reached the place by morning and the three hundred unexpectedly assaulted the thirty and the thirty fought as if they had been three hundred for tho the Captain and some others were killed they maintained the place till Ruy Vaz Pereyra came with sixty Men and put to flight about two hundred of the Enemy the rest being killed This Success daunted our Enemies and among them Xeih Mamud a great Man in the City who feigning himself our Friend sought our Ruin and now sent a Present and to congratulate for this good Fortune with Antony Correa Correa who knew his Designs sent him for an Answer the Heads of the chief Men who carried the Present and hanged the Bodies along the Shoar The Barbarian was astonished but began to act openly what before he had done underhand encouraging the Aga by giving him intelligence of our Scarcity of Ammunition but then arrived D. Luis de Meneses to whom Correa gave up the Command Mean while Iames Lopez de Sequeyra with his Ships set out from Cochin for Portugal He governed three years was of a ruddy Complexion a white Beard is painted with a Truncheon in his Hand a Coat of Mail his Cap and upper Garment black the Sleeves Lining and Breeches blew He was the fourth Governor CHAP. VII The Government of D. Duarte de Meneses in the Year 1522 when began the Reign of King John III. 1. D. Duarte de Meneses now Governor of India tho
Governor and began to act as such The first thing he did was to send Advice to Peter Mascarenas of his Election either that he was not yet so fond of the Government or rather to dissemble how fond he was of it Next he gave the Command of Goa to Antony de Silveyra de Meneses and sent Francis de Sa to the Island of Sunda whether he had been designed from Portugal giving him four hundred Men in six Ships Antony de Miranda Azevedo had fourteen to guard the Coast of India Manuel de Gama had nine for the Coast of Coromandel which he cleansed from Pyrats and retook a Ship of ours taken by them Martin Alphonso Iusarte was sent to Maldiva with six Vessels and took a rich Vessel of Meca in which were three hundred Moors Having given other necessary Orders he sailed for Ormuz with five Ships and three hundred Men. 4. They suffered much by the way chiefly through Thirst. In his Passage he reduced the Towns of Calayate and Mascate which had revolted being exasperated by the avarice of Iames de Melo for it is certain the King and publick suffer for the Interest of private Men a thing D. Enrique was so sensible of that this Melo being then Commander at Ormuz he writ to him to be more moderate and not provoke thirty years to go from Goa to teach sixty at Ormuz for those were the Ages of them both Lope Vaz did nothing at Ormuz but compose the Difference between Iames de Melo and Raez Xarafo which had occasioned the Revolt of those two Towns receive the Tribute of that King and Prester Iohn's Embassador who came with D. George de Lima both brought by Hector de Silveyra 5. Who was sent to lie off of Diu in wait of the Ships of the Red Sea that trade for Cambaya whereof he took three They went to Diu where he continued many days at the request of Melique Saca who made use of him to secure himself against the King of Cambaya feigning he intended to deliver the City to Silveyra being weary of the Tyranny of that King Lope Vaz was then at Chaul giving Oders for fortifying several places fearing the Rumes or Turks were coming with a great Power whereof he sent advice to King Iohn and sailed for Goa 6. At the same time arrived in India two Ships of five that set out this year from Lisbon the other three came afterwards These two brought fresh Orders from the King relating to the Succession in the Government wherein Lope Vaz was before Mascarenas the former having been the contrary The Surveyor of the Revenue Alfonso de Mexia to whom they were directed desirous to kindle Broils caused them to be opened to the great danger of the publick Peace 7. The News hereof met Lope Vaz on the way and arriving at Goa he was a second time received as Governor and went thence to Cochin He dispatched the trading Ships home and sent in them Prester Iohn's Embassador who went to Rome where he gave entire submission to the Church of Christ through the means of the Portugueses and having received several Favours from Pope Clement the Seventh returned to his Prince These Ships being gone Lope Vaz designed to go to the Red Sea against the Turks who it was said fortified the Island Camaran Some loose Tongues said it was a policy to strengthen himself at Cochin in order to resist Mascarenhas who came to take upon him the Government Others said he really intended to go to deprive Mascarenas of all Power and gain the Affections of the Soldiers by giving them plunder The certainty is he studied to secure himself for to resign a Command voluntarily is a thing not practised since those times 8. Raez Solyman the Turk who killed Mir Hozem at Gidda recovered his Princes Favour by delivering up to him this City he had gained in the Service of the Soldan and by means of a considerable Present for Gifts are of force even with Princes who have no need of them Selin who was then at Grand Cayre converted his Hatred to Love because Solyman promised him great Advantages in India if he would furnish him with a competent power to act there He gave him twenty Gallies and five Galions that were then at Suez Solyman succeeding his Father Selin sent Haydarin to deliver this Fleet to Raez who was then fortifying the Island Camaran where the said Haydarin upon some disgust killed him Mustapha Nephew to Râ—…ez succeeded him and slew Hydarin then sailed to Aden and thence to Diu seeking the protection of the King of Cambâ—…ya as fearful of the Great Turk whom he had offended with that Murder and other Actions and having but few Vessels with him for most of them refused to obey him and returned to Suez Antony Tenreyro carried an account of the Success of this Fleet to King Iohn by Land with general admiration being the first that performed that Journey till then thought impossible 9. Let us now return to Peter Mascarenas at Malaca where the News being come of his Succession to the Government he was immediately proclaimed and obeyed as such As such he gave Orders and bestowed some Commands The Season was not yet proper to sail from Malaca to Cochin But the Desire of Command waâ—…s no season so he set out without it A storm forced him back to Malaca and he making a Virtue of Necessity complied with Fortune concluding it was Providence brought him to that City which he had left in great distress and taking it as an Omen of the Honor he thought to gain over Bintam whose King entertained no small hopes of recovering Malaca which was wholly unprovided Mascarenhas disposed the Minds of the few Gentlemen that were there and prepared to fall upon that King giving out all was for the Island of Sunda whither it was known Francis de Sa was designed He set out with twenty one Ships in them four hundred Portugueses and six hundred Malayes commanded by Tuam Mahomet and Sinai Raja 10. Great Labour was employed in clearing the Mouth of the River when thirty Barques appeared sent by the King of Pam to the Relief of our Enemy Duarte Coello and Ayres de Cuna went to meet them battered some dispersed others and took twelve loaden with Cannon and Provisions They return to the hard Labour of clearing the Mouth of the River in which Work Ferdinando Serram consumed twelve Days wherein his Men were spent with toil and his Ship pierced with a thousand Cannon Shot Yet he obtained his end tho not without danger of perishing for Laxemena fell upon him with such fury that Ferdinando was left for dead and both sides fought with great obstinacy Peter Mascarenas perceiving this Action pressed forwards in small Vessels that rowed and coming upon the Moors made them retirâ—… with a great slaughter Being returned to his Post he considered the City which was formidable for its Walls and opposite Fort flanked with Bulwarks stored with Men and
against him the twenty sixth of December It is not much that Lope Vaz should rejoice but strange that Mascarenas should not be at all concerned He embarqued in one of the Ships that came this year for Portugal was well received by the King who gave him the Command of Azamor in Africk on his return from thence he was lost at Sea 7. As soon as Lope Vaz was quietly settled in his Government he dispatched Commanders to some Forts and among them Peter de Faria to Malaca Antony de Miranda de Azevedo was sent with a Fleet to burn the Turkish Gallies that were left at Camaran after the death of Raez Soliman Martin Alfonso de Melo Iusarte went to build a Fort at Sunda with eight large Ships and four hundred Men. He touched at Columbo in the Island Ceylon where Pate Marcar of Calicut oppressed the King of Cota our Ally but hearing of these Ships he fled up the Rivers and Madune Pandar the King's Brother who joined with his Enemy and pretended to the greatest part of the Kingdom raised his Siege Martin Alfonso went thence rich having taken some Ships of the Moors and agreed at Calecare with the Lord about the price of Pearls whereof there is a Fishery Further on he destroyed the Town of Core because the Inhabitants had killed Iohn de Flores who guarded that Fishery 8. Going on his Voyage a sudden and fierce storm drove all his company out of sight and set him upon a Bank of Sand near the Island Nagamale opposite to the City Sodoe He went into the Long-boat with fifty Men and with great difficulty came to the City Chacuria in the Kingdom of Bengala the Lord whereof after making use of them against his Enemy made them all Slaves Hence they were carried to Sore where two of his Captains arriving thought to have stoln them away by night but were discovered and disappointed The Indians had made a Vow to sacrifice to their Idols the handsomest Portuguese they should take they judged one Gonzalo Vaz de Melo to be such and accordingly sacrificed him notwithstanding his Uncle Martin Alfonso promised a great ransom for him The others were afterwards redeemed by a Moor for three thousand Ducats 9. One of the Captains Lope Vaz had sent out was D. Iohn Deca to scour the Sea of Calicut He behaved himself bravely in several Rencounters and took this year fifty Prizes laden with all sorts of Goods He burnt the Town of Mangalor and meeting afterwards the Fleet of Calicut consisting of seventy Paraos well equipped under the Command of the Chinese Captain Cutiale he fought them took Cutiale and most of the Vessels killed fifteen hundred Moors and had almost as many Prisoners In these Rencounters he lost twenty Portugueses 10. Antony de Miranda de Azevedo sailed the latter end of Ianuary for the Red Sea with twenty Ships and above a thousand Men. After taking some Prizes he met in the Mouth of that Sea Henry de Macedo engaged with a great Turkish Gallion They boarded him and the Turks threw a burning Dart which stuck in the main Sheet and began to fire it but a strong Gust of Wind shaking the Sail cast it back into the Turkish Gallion where falling among the Powder it blew all up so that only eight Men escaped and those escaped only the Fire not the Sword being killed as they swam Antony de Sylva took a great Ship of Diu and killed all the Men. D. Antony de Miranda fought another two days and she got off Several Captains had other Rencounters The chief Design which was fighting the Turks in the Red Sea at the Island Camaran took no effect the Winds being contrary They burnt the City Zeylan the Inhabitants having saved themselves and Goods by flight 11. They went thence to Ormuz and next to Diu and were dispersed by a storm Lâ—…pe de Mesquita met a great Ship wherein were 200 resolute Moors and boarded her with thirty Men no sooner were they in her but his Gallion fell off Being left thus they furiously fell upon the two hundred kill most of them and take the Ship which being much battered by the Gallion was sinking Mesquita with all speed sends his Brother Iames with sixteen Men in the Long-boat to save the Mony taken in the Ship and return for those that were behind Those who thought to escape fell into the greatest danger for not reaching the Gallion they were taken by the Fleet of Diu and carried to the King of Cambaya who would force them to turn Moors but they remained constant The King in a rage caused Iames de Mesquita to be put into a Cannon in order to be blown in pieces but admiring the resolution with which he entred was appeased and spared him They were all put into Prison and afterwards released Lope de Mesquita the Gallion and Antony de Miranda met at Chaul Antony de Macedo came with his Ship so battered it was almost a miracle he escaped and his Face so monstrous no body knew him that caused by the Cannon the latter by Fire having been beset by fifty Barks and three Galliots off of Diu. He fought them a whole day and was reduced to only six Men and a Woman who supplied them with Powder till accidentally Antony de Silva came up with him and the Enemies Commander being killed they fled 12. The Moors had improved our Divisions to do us much harm Lope Vaz prepared to be revenged He left Antony de Miranda to command at Goa and went to Cochin where he fitted out eighteen Ships At Cananor met him one hundred and thirty Paraos of Malabars He could not attack them with the great Ships by reason of the contrary Wind. But resolving not to slip the opportunity advanced with thirteen Paraos against the hundred and thirty He came up with and did them much harm with his Cannon and they spared not theirs but seeing two Paraos come out of Cananor to the relief of the thirteen and the great Ships spread their Sails to come up they fled eighteen of them were sunk twenty two taken and in them fifty pieces of Cannon eight hundred killed and many Prisoners made Those that fled and others who joined them fell into the snare near Cochin 13. Lope Vaz set out again with the same Fleet in search of Arel Lord of Porca who was seeking revenge for what had happened between him and D. Enrique at the destruction of Coulete Lope Vaz scoured the Coast as he went Simon de Melo who commanded the Brigantines burnt twenty six Ships and razed the Town of Chatua The Fire ran 〈◊〉 far as Cranganor He ordered the Fleet that was there to follow him that all might share in the plunder of Porca which he thought secure He had a thousand Men with him and with them he assaulted the City Arel was not within it and the Moors fought couragiously in defence of their Wives Children and Goods But the greatest part being
person of his Nephew who tho younger was of the Blood Royal of the Kings of Quiloa Nuno rightly judged that none better merited a Crown than he that coveted it not and reserved his Answer till he saw the Event of the Enterprize He set out with eight hundred Men and Mahomet with sixty and as many with Cide Bubac the King's Nephew the other had proposed to be King 5. As he drew near there met him the Lord of Otondo a neighbouring Town offering to accompany him with a well furnished Vessel being admitted shewing Silver Chains upon his Legs he said He wore them in remembrance that he had been wrongfully imprisoned by that King and had swore never to take them off till revenged that all the motive his Enemy had to use him so was for his affection to the Portugueses tho be never was so happy as to serve them The King of Monbaça knowing Cuna's Design prepared planting Guns on a Bulwark that kept the mouth of the River and bringing six hundred expert and resolute Archers into the City Nuno entred the River through Showers of Bullets that flew from the Bulwark which killed some Men and battered some Vessels Yet he anchored the Evening near the City all the Night the Enemy poured Arrows upon the Fleet which answered with their Cannon Day appearing the Attack began and Peter Vaz Brother to Nuno driving all before him was the first who set up the Portugues Colours in the highest place of the City which being seen far off the Ships began to celebrate the Victory Many Moors were killed the rest left the City D. Ferdinand de Lima was suddenly clasped by a stout Moor but his own Men coming in the Moor was slain fulfilling a Vow he had made to the King's Neece whom he loved For this Woman going out with others said to him Are these the brave men of Monbaça who suffer their Wives and Children to lose the City and go for refuge to the Cafres And he answered Since you affront me thus I swear by the Love I bear you before two days those who love shall weep for me and you if you value me shall not see me to reward my Love He fulfilled his Vow as did many more not one Portuguese was lost 6. The City was plundered twenty great pieces of Cannon taken D Ferdinand de Lima going to secure the Bulwark some Moors issued out of a Wood did harm for a few of our Men died of their poisoned Arrows Many of the Enemy were afterwards slain Hither came News of some of Cuna's Fleet who had been separated from him Nuno the better to secure and people the City which was great sent to Melinde whence presently came a Nephew of that King with five hundred Men many of Quality and he of Montangue with two hundred By this means the Natives were drove out of the Island tho Hunger afterwards forced back many The King of Monbaça sensible of his Ruin sent a Man of Note to treat of an Accommodaâ—…ion with Nuno offering to become Tributary and pay a Ransom for the City They came to Agreement 8. The King presently began the Payment and as soon fell off finding the Portugueses sickened and died Two hundred were already dead among them some Gentlemen and Peter Vaz de Cuna This and other Misfortunes pressed the disposing of the City The King of Melinde's Sons durst not undertake to maintain it without a number of Portugueses which could not be afforded after such a loss Nuno consumed the City to Ashes and returned to Melinde bringing with him those who were left before at Zanzibar and other places who joined him after the City was taken 9. At Melinde he left eighty sick Men to be carried to India by Tristan Homem who afterwards with them defended that King against him of Monbaça who sought to revenge there the harm done him by the Portugueses In May the Governor began to visit the neighbouring Places to Ormuz making Proclamation That all persons who had any Cause of Complaint against Portugueses should appear before him Many appeared with much Cause and the Offenders were obliged to make restitution to the great astonishment of the Moors not used to see such Justice executed At Ormuz he made a solemn Entry which being unusual was much admired by those People 10. He found that Raez Xarafo great Guazil or rather Tyrant over that King tho restored by Lope Vaz was not clear of those great Crimes he stood accused of The chief were Rapin and Murder and the Circumstances such that King Iohn had sent after Nuno de Cuna Emanuel de Macedo with Orders independent of the Government to take and bring him to Portugal They both had a Hand in securing him Nuno visited the King and gave him Letters from ours He qualified the King's Displeasure for imprisoning Xarafo and his fear for his own Offences received his Excuse and took leave The King presented him with rich Jewels Pieces of Cloth of Gold Silks and a stately Horse with fine Furniture after the Persian manner Nuno refused to accept but seeing the King was affronted at it received it in his King's Name The Gentlemen with him received rich Gifts 11. Nuno made some Inquiry into Xarafo's Crimes and sent him to Portugal The King for the Murder of Mahomet was sentenced to pay forty thousand Xeraphins over and above the sixty thousand he paid yearly It is true this Crime served only as a pretence to overload him with this Tribute being the third part of the Revenue of Ormuz Raez Xarafo tho guilty of heinous Offences carried enough Riches with him to purchase Favour in Portugal and be restored to his Employ 12. Whilst the Governor was thus employed at Ormuz Belchior Tavarez de Sousa came thither he had been to assist the King of Baçora with forty Men against him of Gizaira He was the first Portuguese that went up the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates Baçora is thirty Leagues from the mouth of these Rivers in thirty degrees somewhat more of Northern Latitude It is a new Foundation in memory of the ancient Baçora eight Leagues distant from it the Ruins whereof are still to be seen and in the opinion of a person of Judgment who did see them are twice as big as Grand Caire The Island Gizaira is formed by the two Rivers Tigris whose Springs are in Curdi of the greater Armenia and Euphrates whose Fountains are in Turkomania The Circuit of it forty Leagues it contains forty thousand Archers 13. The King of Baçora had received Sousa with State and Joy in a Court of his Palace so large that it contained two thousand Men without any Throng Next day gave him an account of his Condition desiring he would either bring the King of Gizaira to an honorable Peace or recover some Forts he had taken from him The King of Baçora set out with two hundred Dalacas or large Barques in them were five thousand Men six hundred whereof were Musqueteers seven
Vessels full of Turks with good Cannon his Nephew marched by Land with three thousand Horse He planted himself on the side of Arabià opposite to where he of Gizaira was posted with twelve hundred Men. By order of the King of Baçora Sousa writ to his Enemy telling him He was sent by the Commander of Ormuz to make peace between them or to stand to the Event of War The King of Gizaira answered That being the first Request of the Captain of Ormuz and he the first Portuguese that had come to those parts he granted all 14. The King of Gizaira sent persons with power to treat and Peacâ—…â—…as concluded to the satisfaction of him of Baçora who seeing all safe refused to perform what he had promised Sousa which was to deliver up the seven Turkish Vessels and not admit them into this Kingdom again as being our Enemies Sousa embarqued took one of his great Barques and landing with thirty six Portugueses burnt a Town of three hundred Houses Another tho not so big he fired on the Persian side He again appeared before Baçora but wanting Provisions returned to Ormuz 15. Nuno de Cuna to reward Sousa gave him the Command of that Sea sending him at the King's Request to the Island Baharem to secure Raez Barbadim who was revolted But he having good intelligence baffled the Contrivance and obliged Nuno de Cuna to send his Brother Simon with eight Vessels and four hundred Men besides some of the Natives in their Barques They set out 16. Mean while Nuno de Cuna prepared to go for India He arrived at Goa the latter end of October where were before him four Ships come from Portugal the most fortunately that any had done yet for of above fifteen hundred Men they brought none died but our Captain and they came all in perfect health Nuno made a very solemn Entry into the City There were at this time ready almost one hundred and forty Vessels provided by the care of Lope Vaz many considerable as six Gallions eight Royal Gallies six Caravels and fourteen Galliots all well stored with Arms and Ammunition The Forts were also well provided For tho Lope Vaz usurped the Government he managed it better than many that were named for it The Governor's presence was required at Cochin for the Dispatch of the homeward bound trading Ships and other Affairs 17. Whilst he sailed to Cochin Simon de Cuna came to Baharem with his Ships and joining Belchior de Sousa landed He battered the Fort three days and lost it for want of Powder for whilst he sent for more to Ormuz his Men so sickened that above one hundred Portugueses died and many were in danger and the very Persians used to that Clime were in no better Condition With this loss he drew off This seemed an effect of Divine Justice for Barbadim offered to deliver up the Fort upon condition he might go away in safety but our Gentlemen would not hearken to him fearing to lose the Booty 18. Simon de Seusa found no less a Pestilence had raged among his Seamen Thus they set sail but being becalmed not far from Ormuz many of the sick died and among them some persons of good Note and Simon de Cuna himself A great Grief to his Brother Nuno who had already lost his other Brother at Monbaça CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. NUno de Cuna sailing to Cochin put in at Cananor and the King sent to welcome him Cuna excused himself that he did not go ashore to see him by reason of his haste and the King for not going aboard the Gallion because he was indisposed After these Complements came the Guazil a great Friend of the Portugueses and to gain the favour of Cuna as of other Governors privately offered him a Collar which he refused to receive Don Iohn de Deca at that time had the Command of the Fort he visiting the Governor aboard brought him a Message from Lope Vaz then there desiring him to come ashore and he would there resign the Government to him Nuno sent to desire him to come and resign aboard He came and the Resignation was performed with the usual Solemnities As he was in the Vessel ready to return he was ordered by Cuna to bear him company to Cochin Then the Governor made Proclamation That any who had been wronged by Lope Vaz should repair to him and he would do them Justice This troubled Lope Vaz and he sent him word That those were rather Libels than Proclamations for no Man that had cause of Complaint against him needed to be stirred up by sound of Trumpet At Cochin Nuno ordered Lope Vaz to be imprisoned and an Inventory of all his Goods to be taken and all deposited in safe Hands to be delivered at Lisbon as the King should direct Lope Vaz said to the Officer that took him Tell Nuno de Cuna that I imprisoned he imprisons me and one will come who will imprison him Nuno being told it said I doubt not but I shall be imprisoned but the difference between us will be that Lope Vaz deserves it and I shall not Neither was he deceived for he had been close laid up in Portugal had he not died at Sea we shall see it at the end of his Government Lope Vaz was less afflicted for his Confinement than the insolent Reproaches of the Rabble that the worst Ship was allotted him to imbarque only two Servants allowed him and barely so much of his own as would maintain him the Voyage An unjust proceeding with a Man of his Worth whose person ought not to be indecently used whilst his Crimes were inquired into 2. Nuno de Cuna found nothing in readiness at Cohin of what he ordered from Melinde should be provided to make war upon Diu which was the principal point of his Instructions Perceiving the year was too far gone for that Undertaking he applyed himself to other Affairs and fitted a Fleet of thirty Sail to scour the Coast of Malabar under the Command of Iames de Silveyra who commanded the four came last from Portugal Antony de Silveyra Meneses had a Squadron to cruise in the Sea of Cambaya And Hector de Silveyra another for the Red Sea Whilst these Commanders sailed on the Coasts assigned them our homeward bound Fleet arrived at the Terceras Islands where an Officer was waiting to put Lope Vaz into Irons Loaded with them he landed at Lisbon and was set upon a Mule on which he was carried accompanied by the rude Rabble up to the Castle and put into a Dungeon wâ—…h Orders that not even his Wife should be permitted to see him He was accompanied in this miserable state by Raez Xarafo Guazil of Ormuz brought by Emanuel de Macedo After two years Lope Vaz his Crimes began to be taken into consideration and examined the King having ordered him to be prosecuted with the utmost rigor The principal
Article against him was his unjust Proceeding with Peter de Mascarenas The Duke of Braganca pityng the Misfortunes of this brave Gentleman prevailed with the King to give him a hearing in Council Accordingly his Majesty being seated in Council with all his Judges about him Lope Vaz was brought in venerable for his person his Face covered with a thick and longe white Beard and with such tokens of the Miseries he had endured in almost three years imprisonment reckoning from India that had Peter Mascarenas or any of his Enemies seen him they might think themselves sufficiently revenged of all the Extravagancies he had been guilty of towards them Being placed at the Bar as a Criminal after the King's leave obtained he with an undaunted Constancy made a learned comprehensive and copious Speech In which after running over his Forefathers Services to the Crown he particularized his own from his infancy till that time reflected upon his Sufferings and Wrong done him since Imprisoned and in general to several other brave Governors his Predecessors exposed the Malice of his Accusers justified his own Proceedings illustrated by Examples how others guilty of greater Crimes than he was accused of were pardoned in respect of their Services then made a parallel between them and his Sufferings and concluded throwing himself upon either his Majesties Justice or Mercy from one of which he hoped such a Discharge that he might have more cause to return thanks for the future than he had till then to lament his hard Usage The King having heared with attention examined him upon every Article of his Impeachment and he answered to each The Articles were in all forty three the principal as was said such as related to Peter Mascarenas the others such as would never have been thought of had not those brought them in to fill up the number In fine he was carried back to the Castle whence he sent his Defence as is usual in such Cases and in conclusion was sentenced to lose all his Allowance as Governor and to pay to Peter Mascarenas ten thousand Ducats which confirmed the latter not him to have been the real Governor and justified those who had obeyed them as such He was also banished into Africk But he resenting this hard Fortune resolved to change his Country and his Prince as the famous Ferdinand Magallanes had done before And getting into Spain he unnaturalized himself and from Badajoz writ a Letter to the King affirming his usage had been highly unjust and that he was resolved to try whether changing his Country he could change Fortune and restore his Honor This had such effect that he was restored to his Country Alfonso Mexia being likewise brought prisoner to Portugal had the same success he was also accused of Crimes committed at Ormuz the Commander of which Fort Iames de Melo was under the same Circumstances Let us now return to India 3. Iames Silveyra on the Coast of Calicut carried so heavy a Hand upon those People that their King was obliged to send Embassadors to Nuno de Cuna desiring Peace He granted upon such Conditions as they deserved who had never kept any They were willing to accept part but rejected the rest so Silveyra reduced them to extreme Famine hindering the Importation of Provisions They received some Relief from Cananor and Simon de Sousa being forced upon that Shoar after valiantly repulsing the Moors his Powder took fire and blew up the Brigantine 4. Melique Saca being expelled Diu found it convenient for the compassing his Ends with the King of Cambaya to use those Artifices with Nuno de â—…una he had done with Hector de Silveyra when he offered to deliver up that City to him He writ to Nuno that tho he could not deliver Diu at least he could assist him in the taking of it to this end it was convenient they should have a meeting and in order thereunto he might send him a Pass and Ships for himself and Retinue commanded by Gaspar Paez whom he had known at Diu. The Governor granted all and he made use of it to be restored to the King of Cambaya's Favour receiving and putting off Gaspar Paez with Subleties and Impudence pretending the Pass was not securely worded and the Ships were too few Paez told him he had by the way with those Vessels taken a great Ship and put to flight fourteen Barques in the River Pormeane and that he might go with all safety But no Reason is of force against Craft and Falshood 5. Gaspar Paez would have taken some Revenge but could only burn nine Barques The Governor enraged hereat suddenly began to make such Preparations against Diu as should not easily be disappointed He had not yet seen the King of Cochin who was sick of the Small Pox. Nuno being less fearful of the Infection than the King who sent him word That he did not desire to see him for fear he might catch the Disease tho he believed his fight would cure him Nuno went to visit him and it was much he was received for those Princes suffer not themselves to be seen in any Sickness The whole Conference contained nothing but Complaints of Injuries done by Lope Vaz and Alfonso Mexia Nuno left him well satisfied with his Courtesie so that he began to look upon himself as a King having till then been treated as a Slave and found himself better in health 6. It was requisite Nuno de Cuna should now go to Goa At Chale he visited the King and gave him content About Mid February he came to Cananor and saw that King whom he much obliged by conforming to his own Ceremonies at the Interview This Prince offered him some Jewels which he fearing to affront him received but delivered to the Officers of the Revenue as belonging to the King 7. He ordered Iames de Silveyra to punish a rich Merchant of Mangalor who did great wrong to the Portugueses He scoured the Rivers along that Coast with sixteen Ships and four hundred and fifty Men. Then entered the River Mangalor on whose Banks is the Town of that Name belonging to the King of Narsinga our Friend but that Merchant favoured Calicut our Enemy This Merchant knowing the Design was against him was well fortified Iames Silveyra chose the lesser Vessels with two hundred and forty Men to go up the River who were met by a great Squadron which after some contest was put to flight The Town was immediately entred all the Defendants quitting it Iames Silveyra then turned to the Fort and after some resistance took it The Merchant fled in despair but was overtaken and killed by a Musquet Ball. Those who fled sought refuge in the River and our Swords there made it run bloody Nothing was taken but some Cannon for Booty being very great the Captain caused it all to be burnt lest he might endanger his Ships by over-loading them There were also burnt thirteen Vessels that waited for loading Winter coming on he thought so
Cham whose first merit was his Disloyalty to the Turk his natural Prince that if he denied this he challenged to fight either single or as he should think fit Rume Cham was present and gave no answer till the King looking angrily upon him for his silence he said it proceeded from Contempt Macedo repeated the Challenge and the Turk no longer able to shun it accepted the Challenge to be fought at Sea Macedo according to appointment waited for him but he came not The Interview took not effect for the differences about the manner of it Nuno taking another Course joined in League with Omaum Patxath King of the Moguls Then Nuno returned to Goa and before and after dispatched several Captains Antony de Silveyra went to Bengala with nine Vessels Vasco Peres de Sampaya to the Red Sea with sixteen thither also Iames de Silveyra with five Gallions D. Stephen de Gama to Malaca the two that were for the Red Sea made some Prizes 25. Cunale Marcar a bold Pyrat about this time scoured the Sea of Calicut with eight Vessels well equipped At Cape Comori he found at night a Brigantine with eighteen Portugueses and three Gunners all so fast asleep that they were all bound before they waked Having awaked them he caused their Heads to be bruised to pieces saying It was to punish them for daring to sleep knowing he was abroad A pleasant Cruelty Thence he went to Negapatan where were forty Portugueses who defended themselves but to no effect for the Degar or Governor who they thought their Friend agreed with Cunale to rob them Coje Marcar tho of kin to Cunale desirous to deliver them from this danger did it by art speaking to each of the two apart and so making them suspicious to each other Yet Cunale took some Portugues Vessels in that River and shot to death eight of the Men. The first died for sleeping these I suppose because they were awake Antony de Silva set out of Cochin with two hundred Musqueteers in fifteen small Vessels Cunale hearing of it run up the Canamera a Bay on this Coast and fortified himself but Antony obliged him to make his escape in the Habit of a Beggar to Calicut leaving his Vessels and Cannon with which Silva returned victorious to Cochin 26. The King of Razet was revolted from him of Ormuz Antony de Silveyra who commanded the Fort at the request of the latter sent Francis Govea with two hundred Men and eight Sail to reduce him Razet received them with Fraud designing to kill them But it succeeded not for Govea was upon his Guard knowing his ill Designs and that he had with his own Cymiter killed the Officer he sent to treat with him Our Captain sailing over to a small Island to water met a Fleet of this Kings and took a Vessel wherein was the King's Nephew for whose Ransom Razet restored the Prisoners he had and submitted to him of Ormuz ratified the Peace made by him he had killed and excused what was past 27. King Iohn his Care was upon the Affairs of India He had understood the event of Nuno de Cuna's attempt upon Diu and that the common Enemy prepared to disturb our Progress so he continually sent relief This year arrived there twelve Ships with fifteen hundred fighting Men commanded by D. Pedro de Castillobranco who set out from Lisbon the last November The latter end of this year came also five Ships more which set out the beginning of this same year they were commanded by Martin Alfonso de Sousa who had a Commission to be Admiral of the Indian Sea The Governor immediately put him in possession of the Post sending him against Damam At Chaul Iames Silveyra delivered him his Squadron and Vasco Perez his Now Martin Alfonso had five hundred Men in forty Vessels He found Damam destroyed by its own Commander who was retired to the Fort with five hundred Turks and Resbutos Martin Alfonso attempted to scale it and received some damage one of his Ladders breaking when the Enemy on the other side opening a Gate to fly our Men stopped them and entring found a large Court full of Men and fifty Horse most of them were put to the Sword and the Fort razed The King of Cambaya fearing greater loss desired Peace which Nuno de Cuna granted and 't was sworn upon the following Conditions That he should give to the King of Portugal for ever Bacaim with its Dependences by Sea and Land That all Ships bound for the Red Sea from that Kingdom should set out from Bacaim and return thither to pay the Duties That none should go to other places without leave from the Portugueses That no Ships of War should be built in any of his Ports That he should no more give assistance to the Rumes There were other Articles in favour of the King to sweeten the harshness of these which were afterwards moderated when he gave leave to raise the Fort at Diu. Now we have some footing in this Province something may be said of its situation people and other affairs with our usual Brevity CHAP. V. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna and Reign of King John the Third 1. THE Kingdom of Guazarata commonly called Cambaya from its Metropolis of that Name extends from Cape Iaquete in the West to the River Nagotana near Chaul It makes a great Bay of the some Name The Sea ebbs and flows with such violence in this Bay that in swiftness it exceeds the fleetest Horse and if in this fury it meets any Ship it certainly perishes To avoid this danger there is always a Man on an eminence who when he sees that Torrent coming gives notice with a Horn. The distance between Cape Iaquete and the River Nagotana is above two hundred Leagues On the West it borders upon the Resbuti a mountain people on the North with the Kingdom of Chitor and the East with that of Pale all the Coast is covered with many Towns and Cities It is watered by two famous Rivers Taptii and Tapetii besides many Creeks that form several Islands It breeds abundance of Cattle and is plentiful of other Provisions The Country is all plain so that they generally travel in Waggons after the manner of Flanders but lighter and easier drawn by Oxen somewhat less than those of Spain The Natives are of four sorts one called Baneanes Bagançariis that feed after our manner another called only Baneanes who eat nothing that hath life Their Priests are called Vertias who cloath themselves in white and never take those Cloaths off till they fall to pieces They live upon Charity and like the Children of Israel in the Desart can keep nothing for the next day They place their greatest hope of Salvation in killing no Creature they use no light at night lest any Butterfly should die by it they always carry a Broom wherewith they sweep the Ground they are to tread on lest they tread any Worm or
alive The year 1529 he marched with seventy thousand Horse and two hundred thousand Foot and did great harm in the Territories of Nizamaluco 8. Mean while Babor Paxiath King of the Mogols and Delhi marched upon account of the Answer given to his Embassadors the year before The King of Chitor denyed him passage and in a Battel there was such a slaughter the Mogol was forced to go back to raise new Forces to prosecute his first Design But the King of Chitor pursuing and doing him great damage in his own Country he desisted Badur fell upon the King of Mandou whom he treacherously slew Then imprisoned the Sons giving the Mother and Daughters to his Favourites Next he killed some Officers of that Kingdom who had helped to bring him in 10. Salabedin one pardoned by Badur fearful of his favour getting away secured himself in a strong Castle whence Badur drew him by policy and forced him to turn Mahometan Then he prepared to take the Fort and mountain Raosinga where Salahedin left his Son when he was deceived by Badur's promises and by the way designed to expel the King of Chitor Son to him who kindly entertained him when he fled for the Murder of his Father This young King bravely resisted Badur disappointed his Design and made him return to the other against Raosinga a place almost impregnable by art and nature Here eight Portugueses who followed him shewed their usual Valour Francis Tarares being the first who scaled a Bulwark 11. Botiparao the Son of Salahedin fearing his resistance might occasion his Father's death left that City and went to recover another the Besieged surrendered Badur perceiving Salahedin's Women came not out asked the cause of him and sent in to know it they answered They would not come out unless with him He was sent to that effect by the King His Wives and Slaves above five hundred in number as soon as they saw him exclaimed against his turning Mahemetan and shewing him a heap of Wood said They would sooner burn themselves with 〈◊〉 than be delivered to their Enemy So Salahedin with one hundred and twenty that were their Guard killed them all upon the Pile where they were burnt with their Riches Badur hearing of this hasted to save the Treasure but was stopped by Salahedin and his Men till all was consumed to Ashes and they all slain Yet Badur saved almost a million and half of the Remainder of this Destruction 12. Salahedin and those who died with him were honorably buried The mountain he gave to Sultan Alamo who came to him forced from that place whither Botiparao went from hence Hearing there was a Portugues Fleet at Diu he flew thither with precipitation But that being no matter of danger he returned to the Conquest of Chitor with one hundred thousand Horse innumerable Foot and six hundred Cannoh He incamped in the higher Grounds about that City tho it was like Raasinga it was battered the space of two months and capitulated and now Badur was possessed of three Kingdoms each of which was considerable 13. This was the time when Tristan de Ga was at the Court of Badur by Nuno de Cuna's Order to treat of Peace which was delayed by sundry Accidents chiefly the death of the King of the Mogols whom he much feared 14. Badur through Covetousness cut off the Pay of many that had served which occasioned above four thousand of Note to desert to the Mogol Mujate Cham a prudent and notable Man represented this to him and he to reward his Advice sent him on some other pretence to Diu with orders to Melique Tocam to kill him But Melique abominating the wickedness of Badur advised the innocent Mujate Cham to fly Mujate instead of flying to save himself returned to Badur before whom being prostrate and delivering his own Cymiter he said If I have deserved death of you here is the Traitor and the Sword If you please to kill me I can have no greater honor than to die by your Hand tho my Grandfather Father and self have deserved better The King was surprized received him with honor and bestowed new Favours on him 15. But his Rage was turned against Melique Tocam for discovering the private Order so he sent Rume Cham to kill him He got into Diu where Melique was not at that time but received advice of it at a Country-House where he was diverting himself and fled Badur came to the City and with his usual craft brought it under At the same time arrived there Nuno de Cuna in order to that Interview which took no effect 16. It took no effect because Badur never made any Proposals but to shift off a danger which he greatly feared from the Mogol and hoping to agree with him he was willing to break with the Portugueses But he was deceived for that Prince recalled his Embassadors and commenced the War Let us see who this Mogol is CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1534 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. THE Mogols call themselves Chacatais in the same manner as the Spaniards call themselves Goths Chacata is the Name of the Province they inhabit near Turquestan and the Nobles suffer not themselves to be called Mogols The Persians write they are descended from Mogog Grandson to Noah from whom they received the Worship of one only God This Nation wandring through many Provinces got the best footing in Mogalia or Mogostan called by Ptolomey Paropanisus now they stretch farther and border upon the Kingdom Horacam which that Author calls Aria or Here now the Metropolis thereof The Mogols go from the North to drink the Waters of the River Geum that runs through Bactria so called from its Metropolis Bactria or Bohara a famous place for Learning being the Remains of great Zoroastes where Avicen got the Learning that made him so famous neighbouring upon Sogdiana now called Quiximir and mount Caucasus which divides India from other Northern Provinces This Kingdom now reaches to the mountainous Parveti and Bagous which they call Angou As there are in it great Mountains so there are most large and fruitful Plains watered by five Rivers which compose the famous Indus They are Bet Satinague Chanao Rave and Rea. The Cities are many the Men couragious 2. The Mogols are Mohometans their Language Turkish and Persian they are well shaped white and have small Eyes like the Tartars and Chineses The Nobility wear rich and gay Cloaths fashioned like the Persians their Beards long The Women are beautiful Their military Dress is no less costly their Arms being gilt and polished they are singular at the Bow In fight violent and of good conduct they use Artillery Their King is treated with great Majesty is seldom seen his Guard two thousand Horse every quarter 3. The Mogols and Patanes both equally strove to conquer India They were Neighbours The Event of War and Treachery brought the Patanes and Delhi under the Subjection of the
Mogol at the time when Babor Paxiath great Grandson to Tamerlane the Great reigned among them 4. Omaum Son of Babor now broke with Badur King of Cambaya who to begin the War sent twenty thousand Horse and a multitude of Foot upon his Enemies Frontiers Here it may appear that Ingratitude never escapes unpunished The Queen Crementii who had saved Badur's Life and in return was by him deprived of her Liberty and Kingdom of Chitor now revenged her self on him after this manner He by his Embassadors required her to send him her Son with what Men she could to serve against the Mogol The Queen desired he would restore her other Son whom he kept as an Hostage that she might not be deprived of both and that the mean while she would raise the Forces Badur not diving into her Design sent him and she immediately put her self into the protection of the Mogol Badur enraged at this Action gathered one hundred thousand Horse four hundred and fifteen thousand Foot a thousand Cannon many of great Bulk six hundred armed Elephants and six thousand Carriages This multitude marched in great order and was abundantly supplyed with all things 5. He besieged the City Chitor and battered it furiously but tho the besieged received great damage they did him much more Badur now raging received the News that the Mogols had slain twenty thousand of the Men he sent to ravage their Country He vented his passion upon the City and at last more by policy than strength became Master of it having lost fifteen thousand Men among them four Portugueses The Queen with the choice of her Riches fled Badur used no Cruelty towards the City but repaired it against future dangers leaving Minaâ—… Hozem to command in it with twelve thousand Men. Then he marched towards his Enemy who advanced victorious through the Kingdom of Mandou in order to relieve Chitor and being now informed it was in possession of Badur and that he was intrenched about Doçor Omaum marched thither and encamped 6. Badur found the greatest danger where he sought security for being incamped between a River and a Lake and Omaum before him the resort of Provisions was quite cut off so that in few days they suffered extreme Famine and such as went out to seek Relief fell into the Hands of the Enemy as did Coraçam Cham with two thousand Horse 7. This so disheartened Badur that he stole away and his Camp was plundered by the Mogols who found there vast Riches Badur with all speed fled towards Mandou accompanied by Rume Cham and some Portugueses being left by many persons of Note and particularly Melique Liaz for the murder of his two Brothers In fine very little of that mighty Army escaped the Sword or Famine and what did was dispersed and disarmed Badur got into Mandou having slipped ten thousand Mogols who thought to prevent his reaching that place 8. Badur fortified this City and gave the chief Command to Rume C ham his Favourite Omaum hearing of it lengthened his Marches to come upon him Rume Cham now fearful of his Master deserts to Omaum Rume's Wife Daughter and Riches were at Champanel Badur and Rume strove who should first secure Champanel the former having there one tho the least of his three Treasures which only in Copper-Mony was worth thirty Millions besides Pearls Precious Stones and other things of value with this Treasure he sent Rume's Family and Riches under a strong Guard to Diu whilst he himself hearing the approach of Omaum wasted the Country and destroyed the Artillery lest it should fall into the Enemies Hands The same he did at Cambayaâ—… Rume C ham seeing his Wife and Riches were carried away obtained of his new Master five thousand Horse to follow them As he entered one Gate of Cambaya Badur was going out at another who seeing himself so close pursued by Rume left his Women and Riches by the way that they might put a stop to his pursuit So it fell out for Rume Cham returned to Champanel and Badur got to Diu whilst Omaum was at Champanel dividing his Kingdom and conquering that impregnable place with Liberality 9. Champanel was impregnable by Art and Nature and the Mogols not used to spend time even in easie Sieges but Tyrants have nothing secure so these Rocks which might have been a secure Retreat to him turned against Badur This mountain is thirty Leagues from the Sea and yet visible thither the ascent of it being almost five Leagues Where Nature left any passage Art supplyed it with strong Walls The City stands on the side of it has sightly Buildings twenty thousand Families and a great Trade The City it self is not walled but there are many places upon the Mountain well fortified strongly garrisoned and stored with Cannon Somewhat higher is the Royal Palace wonderful for Structure and Greatness and on the top a Fort can terrifie the most daring Here Badur found no security for Tyrants can meet none in the World and think themselves between Sheets when they are between the strongest Walls and when between the finest Sheets they imagine they lie upon Thorns 10. These Misfortunes were the Motives that induced Badur to consent to our raising the Fort at Diu. Before to secure our Friendship against the Mogol he had surrendered Baçaim to Nuno de Cuna and now in hopes of our assistance to recover what was lost he offered Diu. Badur sent to dispose Martin Alphonso de Sousa who was at Chaul and he urged the necessity of raising the Fort giving advice hereof to Nuno and desiring leave to go treat about this important Affair Cuna refused him leave jealous that any but himself should compass a matter so much desired by his Prince and sent his own Secretary Embassador to Badur 11. Still Badur struggled with his Pride and thought to get assistance from the Turk to recover his Kingdom To this effect he sent Saf Cham Embassador with a rich Present but hearing the Mogol had taken Champanel utterly despaired He resolved to fly to Meca and there wait the Turks Answer but his Mother and Friends dissuaded him advising to grant leave to the Portugueses to raise the Fort at Diu and by their assistance his Fortune might be bettered Instantly he sent to offer it to Martin Alphonso at Chaul whither also came a Message from the Mogol with the same Offer 12. Martin Alfonso having sent advice to the Governor asked not a second time for leave but set out immediately for Diu as Badur desired At Sea he met the Secretary Simon Ferryra and both arrived at Diu on the twenty first of September They soon came to an agreement upon these Articles That Badur confirmed all that had been done relating to Baçaim that something which concerned Trade should be transferred thence to Diu that there should be a League offensive and defensive between the King of Portugal and him that the Fort should be raised where and in what manner the Governor should
visited the King of Borneo offering him liberty to trade at Malaca Borneo is an Island fruitful of Provisions rich in costly Merchandize and produces the finest Diamonds The King is powerful his Religion the Mahometan so his People The City of that Name is large has beautyful Buildings and strong Walls The Island has four principal Ports to which resort Merchants from sundry parts The Offer pleased the King Gonçalo Pereyra arriving at Ternate D. George de Meneses delivered him the Fort and King Cachil Daialo who was there prisoner The Queen his Mother who had fled from her City as was before related hearing of the new Commander sent to put him in mind how kindly the King her Husband had received the Portugueses how ungrateful the Return had been from them who caused his Son and Heir to die in a prison and now kept the other and obliged her their Mother to fly to the Mountains having lost the City where she was born and whereof she was Queen That she demanded Reparation of D. George his Cruelty and Liberty for her Son After some Scruples Gonçalo Pereyra solemnly swore he would set him at liberty as soon as opportunity served whereupon she returned to the City and they agreed as did the King of Tidore being eased of a Tribute imposed by D. George which he was not able to pay There was also an Accommodation with the Spanish Captain Ferdinand de la Torre Thus things were settled as was suitable to the Portugues Reputation 20. Gonçalo Pereyra in pursuance of the Governor's Orders made D. George a prisoner He was carried to Goa thence to Portugal whence he was banished to Brasil and killed by the Heathens there in a Battel After this Gonçalo Pereyra examined the Proceedings of the Portugues Officers of the Revenue and found them guilty of great Frauds They offended at this Discovery conspired with the Queen to kill him which they executed tho he defended himself with Resolution yet most of the Murderers were killed by the other Portugueses who maintained the Fort which was in great danger of being lost and Luis de Andrade kept the Command as Lieutenant 21. Bras Pereyra who commanded by Sea would have succeeded his Kinsman But the Conspirators elected Vincent Fonseca one of their Companions He having promised the Queen her Sons Liberty if she would assist him in obtaining that Post now loaded him with Irons and secured his Brothers and Family She withdrawing into the Country stopped all provisions from coming to the Fort and so obliged him to set her Son free and all was appeased for the present 22. This Quiet lasted not long for the King being near of Age to govern Pate Sarangue who governed for him finding his power expiring conspired with Fonseca to set up Tabarija the King's Bastard Brother who was younger To this effect they began to lay several scandalous Imputations upon the King and Fonseca attempted to secure him which he having notice of fled to the Mountain Fonseca follows pretending he had a Design upon the Fort. The King might have defended himself but forbore in respect to the Portugueses whom he loved He fled with his Mother to Tidore His Enemies set up Tabarija and following to Tidore oblige both Kings to seek security in the Mountains Fonseca was the more inraged against the King for that at his return a Moor had killed his Son and endeavoured to slay Tabarija who escaped and because many obeyed not the Usurper calling him Fonseca's King whereas they might more properly term Fonseca Tabarija's King He sent Pate Sarangue with Forces and subdued all He by treachery catched the Queen Mother and gave her as Wife to Sarangue and the deposed King's Wife to the Usurper The distressed King leaving his Mother and Friends had recourse to the King of Gilolo's Courtesie 23. Now Fonseca sends Blas Pereyra and others prisoners to India The Governor informed of the Insolences committed at Ternate sent Tristant de Altaide to command there who secured Fonseca and sent him to Goa With him went the Spaniards from Gilolo in order to be sent to Spain in the Portugues Ships But the King of Gilolo refusing to surrender the Spaniards Tristan was obliged to go with a power in which the Kings of Ternate Tidore and Bacham joined the City was abandoned and burnt and the Spaniards set at liberty 24. Tristan de Ataide at the instigation of Samarao put Tabarija in prison and set up his younger Brother Cachil Aeiro The King's Mother and Sarangue were also secured and the City became desolate the Natives of it finding no Comfort in their Neighbours who upbraided them for admitting so wicked a People as the Portugueses who since they had footing in this Island were guilty of the most exorbitant Villanies that could be imagined In fine Ataide sent those Prisoners to Goa for the Crimes he was guilty of himself and so Nuno de Cuna judged it taking care to send them back to their Country 25. Now Tristan de Ataide employed his Thoughts on the Profit he designed to make by the Sale of Cloves and ordered it so that the King of Bacham would not consent Tristan in a rage sent his Men armed the King protested he was a faithful Friend to the King of Portugal but they sought Spice for themselves not Friendship for their King So they were convinced by the Sword many killed and the rest were shamefully put to flight Tristan in a greater fury joining with the Kings of Ternate and Tidore forced him of Bacham to abandon his City which was destroyed and to sue for peace which was sold him for a Tribute to be paid in Cloves Yet at the same time this King conspires with those of Gilolo Tidore and the deposed of Ternate and with Samarao to kill Ataide and take the Fort. They began their Design by persuading him to send Ships several ways where he lost many Men and Cachil Daialo the deposed King of Ternate laying hold of the opportunity recovered part of his Kingdom with the assistance of those of Gilolo Tidore Bacham Maquiem and Moutel with whose aid the Ternates slew all the Portugueses about the Island Ataide prepared to take revenge when Simon Sodre arrived from Malaca with a Ship and many Men that brought new life to the desperate Ataide and put him in a posture to recover some places 26. The Moors endeavoured to burn some of our Vessels bringing to execute this design almost three hundred Sail they received some damage but would not desist nor hearken to Ataide who sued for Peace being in the Fort and reduced to eat all sorts of Vermin D. Ferdinand de Monroy a Spanish Gentleman who came from Banda with Provisions delivered him out of this danger This Success was answered by a Misfortune for all the Inhabitants fled from Ternate and the Moors killed some of his Men and took a Ship but now a new Captain comes to the Fort which stood in need of it Tristan de
Churches of S. Thomas and S. Iames which they endeavoured to burn but could not compass The Passes were valiantly defended all the Winter 19. On the nineteenth of September Martin Alfonso de Sousa set out of Goa with one hundred and fifty Men in fifteen Vesels and passing by Calamute two thousand Nayres would have kept him in whereof he killed many dispersed the rest burnt their Town and took seven Barques He arrived at Cochin where were five Ships newly come from Portugal The King of Calicut understanding Martin Alfonso was coming to meet him with almost a thousand Men drew off Martin Alfonso now bent his Force against the King of Repelim who had offended him of Cochin Antony de Brito who had led the Van met a vigorous opposition at this Island till Martin coming up they fled who maintained the Outworks The King retired to his City in which were six thousand fighting Men. Next day Sousa attacked it after some resistance the King and all the Defendants fled As Sousa entered a Mosque he had like to be killed by a Moor but receiving the Stroke on his Buckler he run the Moor through with a Javelin This Victory cost us fourteen Men the City was plundered and reduced to Ashes The principal part of the Booty that fell to the King of Cochin on whose account this Action was undertaken was a piece of Marble by him highly valued because on it were carved the Names of the Kings of Malabar for three thousand years past which was taken from him by the King of Repelim some Brass Plates with Serpents engraved on them esteemed a great Relick by the conquered King and his Hat lost in the flight which among them is the greatest Disgrace to the Conquered and highest Glory to the Victor 20. The King of Calicut returns with forty thousand Men to attempt the Pass of Cambalam Martin Alfonso posts Francis de Barros de Payra to keep the Pass of Cranganor with three Vessels which proved of great use he himself goes to the other and landing sees five thousand of the King's Men attempt to pass the Ford. Our Men began to fear but he encouraging them boldly falls on and killing three hundred of the Enemy made them turn their Backs Zamori comes up with the Gross of his Army attempts the Ford and is repulsed with equal loss Now the Prince of Cochin joins us with twenty thousand Nayres Martin Alfonso leaves Antony de Brito with them and four hundred Portugueses who in the space of twenty days fought six Battels with the King of Calicut wherein he made such havock as obliged him to draw off with great Loss and greater Shame 21. The Reason why Martin Alfonso left that Post was because like a watchful Commander he was at once in two places by his Vigilance here in Body and in Thought at Sea where now appeared a powerful Fleet of Calicut He therefore seeing the Valour of Brito and the assistance of those Nayres left him to command there and put to Sea with three hundred Portugueses in eleven Ships At Chale he met Iames Reynoso with five Vessels Cutiale Admiral of Calicut had taken one from him he took Reynoso with him He went in search of Cutiale and found him with twenty five Vessels and in them fifteen hundred Men some of our Vessels impatient of delay advanced before the rest and forced him to retire to Tiracole whither Martin Alfonso pursuing the Fight lasted till night with great slaughter of the Enemy who fortified themselves and in the morning appeared six thousand strong having flocked from all the Neighbourhood Just at this time came an Express from the King of Cochin desiring Martin Alfonso to return with all speed because the King of Calicut knowing he was absent was coming down with a fresh Power This Advice diverted any farther Action He returned and the King of Calicut who came on because he was absent retired as soon as he knew he was present So great is the Force of Conceit 22. Mean while Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca besieged his Brother of Cota with a Fleet by Sea Nuno Freyre de Andrade in defence of the latter went to Columbo to meet the other with only eight Portugueses and six hundred Natives where he killed many and took four Paraos with good Artillery Madune demanded Aid of Zamori he sent him two thousand Men. With this Assistance he besieged the City of Cota for the Term of three Months Knowing then that Martin Alfonso was coming to his Brother's Relief who had desired it as a Subject of Portugal he raised the Siege When Martin came Madune was drawn off and reconciled to his Brother There being nothing left for Martin Alfonso to do here having visited the King who was most thankful for the speedy Succour he set out in search of the Malabar Fleet which had assisted Madune and met it at Mangalor where after a sharp Encounter it was defeated and twelve hundred Moors slain CHAP. VIII Still continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1537 till the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. THE King of Cambaya Badur who with only the assistance of the Portugueses had recovered his Kingdom now studied their Ruin and repenting he had granted leave to raise the Fort endeavoured to take it and kill the Commander and all the Garrison Nuno de Cuna understood his wicked Design and began to prepare to prevent it That brave Gentleman Emanuel de Sousa then commanded at Diu by him Badur designed to begin the Execution On the eighth of October at night a Moor came to the Wall and told Sousa The King would send for him next day to kill him that he would not tell his Name leâ—…t it might be thought an invention to get a Reward Emanuel was long in doubt whether to go or stay at last he resolved to go and using at other times to have a numerous Retinue well armed went now with only one Servant being sent for at the hour he had been before warned The King seeing him unconcerned converted his malice for that time into an honorable Reception and Emanuel returned to the Fort. The King's Mother endeavoured to dissuade him from this wicked intention and he thought it was better by often visiting the Captain in the Fort to take off all suspicion and so murder him there and seize upon it He was of a violent nature and so began his first Visit at an unseasonable hour of the night not regarding the very unseasonableness was enough to render it suspicious Sousa received him upon his Guard they discoursed of things indifferent the King went away believing he had ensnared Sousa and he had given him a sufficient caution 2. Nuno de Cuna being advertised by Emanuel de Sousa of the posture of Affairs at Diu thought strange That he had not secured the King when in his Power and his wicked Intentions were known and that he had given out that Ships
devoured by wild Beasts D. Paulo was not then in a condition to take revenge He sent Emanuel Godino to the Kings of Panda and Pate who concluded a Peace with them whereby Malaca was relieved with Provisions which he of Vjantana cut off on the other side The year 1534 D. Stephen de Gama came and took possession of that Command and repaired the Works Hearing some Vessels of the Enemy were in the River Muar he sent one to discover them he returned pursued by ten sent by Lacxemena who came to the assistance of Vjantana with seventy sent by his Uncle Tuam Gaba Instantly D. Paulo set out with nine Sail. Two Paraos were sent after to their assistance but too late for when they came up a bloody Battel was ended in which almost all our Men were slain having done wonders and made such a slaughter of the Enemy that they durst not take the Ships whose Crew they had killed Only three Men of Note escaped 13. D. Stephen now resolved to destroy the City of Vjantana and set out with twenty six Sail and two hundred and fifty Men. Vjantana is the South East Point of the Coast of Malaca from which forty Leagues distant On the West of it runs into the Sea the deep River Tor on whose Banks was seated King Alaudim's City and three Leagues below it a Fort so well stored with Cannon it could sink any Vessel should attempt the Entrance Here D. Stephen entred with much danger both Banks being covered with armed Men but a party of Musqueteers on each side cleared the Shores The first Attacks of the Fort D. Stephen received damage but afterwards did much more for the space of eight days The Besiegers began to dismay but were encouraged by D. Stephen and Peter Barriga Now the Enemy having received fresh Succour drew out into the Field where such slaughter of them was made that they fled that day in despair to the Fort and the next abandoned it the King escaping with his Women and Treasure The City Tor was plundered and burnt much Cannon and some Vessels taken such as could not be carried perished in the Flames and D. Stephen returned victorious to Malaca where he was received in triumph this being one of the notable Victories till then gained in Asia 14. The King began again Acts of Hostility and D. Stephen returns with four hundred Men. He found the Fort he had destroyed repaired and in it five thousand Men Five hundred of them were killed the first Assault Many Ships were burnt and D. Stephen marched towards the City when the King from the Mountain whither he had retired sent to treat of Peace He was ordered to send Hostages and sent an Uncle of his own with his Wives so D. Stephen returned to Malaca whither four Embassadors followed who concluded the Peace upon these Conditions That the King should send to Malaca all the Cannon that was in his Country that he should build no Ships of War that he should erect no Forts that he should restore all Prisoners and Goods taken that he should not hinder bringing Provisions to Malaca that his Subjects should resort thither to buy and sell. This Peace being sworn to brought great Tranquility to Malaca The year 1537 this Quiet was disturbed by a Commander of Achem who attacked the Bridge with three thousand Men. D. Stephen met him with some Gentlemen and two hundred Soldiers and slew five hundred without the loss of one so the Enemy drew off with shame Soon after he returns with five thousand and retired with the like Disaster 15. D. Stephen had sent Francis de Barros in a Ship with twenty Portugueses to the King of Patane In that Port Tuam Mahomet Admiral of Vjantana fell upon him with forty Sail. The Fight was desperate some Portugueses and many Enemies fell and they parted All advise Barros to save himself ashore most leave him and he stays aboard with only two who at last prevail and firing the Ship they get ashore in the Boat and bring off the Cannon The King received them kindly Henry Mendez de Vasconcelos was sent to bring them back Those of Iava fall upon them both with twenty Calaluzes that carried two Rows of Oars well furnished with Cannon Mendez and Barros were in two Vessels ten Calaluzes attack each one had sixteen the other but few more Portugueses The Fight was very hot some Portugueses fall and Mendez was stun'd with a poisoned Arrow Barros was in danger having but three Men and himself wounded Vasconcelos recovering comes to his aid shatters some takes others of the Calaluzes puts the Remainder to flight and obtains an entire Victory 16. Mean while Tristan de Ataide at Maluco through avarice caused great Troubles He took King Tabarija and sent him prisoner to Nuno de Cuna who endeavoured to remedy these Disorders by sending a very orderly Commander Such was Antony Galvam whose Prudence healed all the Sores made by his Predecessors Having taken possession of the Command he acted with Modesty and Justice without favour or affection The Fort was unprovided of Cannon and Ammunition he furnished all at his own charge and because Timber was wanting for the Works he was always the fitst that went to the Woods and returned loaded 17. All things being settled here Galvam turns to Tidore where eight Kings with a vast number of Men were allied against the Portugueses He sent to sound them and they made a Truce but observed it not and Galvam seeing he had but few Men that those decreased by Famine and 't was too tedious to expect relief from India he resolved upon an Action that was accounted rash He set out in four Ships with onâ—… hundred and seventy Portugueses and fifty Moors Tristan de Ataide was left in the Fort. Galvam was met by 2000 Moors there passed some Blows Soon after appeared three hundred Sail containing above thirty thousand Moors who thought to have terrified Galvam but in vain for he held on his course and they followed him They anchored at Tidore the Shores were covered with multitudes who rent the Air with Shouts The Cannon of the Fort played but the Shot went over the Ships The Fort appeared impregnable but by that it was resolved to begin Galvam scales it with one hundred and twenty Portugueses and as many Slaves as made up in all three hundred The Kings came upon him with fifty thousand Men but he draws into a close Wood. They thought he fled and pursue with hideous Shouts Soon were they turned into Lamentations King Cachil Daialo who led the Enemies Van came another way to fall upon Galvam endeavouring to amuse him till the Body of the Army came up which he perceiving gave the sign to fall on and after a hot Dispute the Enemy fled the King being killed among the first Some of those that fled disordered them that were marching others run to the Fort. Galvam pursues the latter and enters along with them They
and one piece of Cannon and wounded many of his Men and himself so that he was forced to be sent to Damans to be cured Afterwards burning another Village he came off with Loss 7. The Vice-Roy being informed that the Turkish Gallies which the Year before plundred Mascate were again at Sea â—…ared they would make some attempt upon Moçambique and therefore sent thither two Ships to relieve that Place Mean while an Army of Mogols with Elephants and other Necessaries for a Siege entred the Country of Damam burnt Villages and encamped not far from the City Our Commander there Martin Alfonso de Melo having but few Men and being ill fortified sent Advice to the neighbouring Commanders and to the Vice-Roy and in few Days so many Gentlemen resorted to him that they valued not the Enemy 8. The Mogol thinking nothing was to be got by Men who so freely offered themselves to Danger forbore the Siege and with fresh Fury over-ran the whole Country He took a view of the Fort where Ferdinand de Miranda had Commanded and was well known to him he called Miranda loud and rid out from the Front of his Army Ferdinand knowing he that called was Calichan General of those Troops went out and pointed his Lance so well that hitting on his Breast it pierced the Armour wounded him and flew in pieces but he fell not being tied to the Saddle Calichan retired to his Men decamped and marched away but left a Garrison to keep Possession of one Village But the Portugueses had like to have done themselves the Damage they might have feared from the Mogol being drawn up in order to fight among themselves on account of some Disputes about Superiority and about opposing Alfonso de Melo for imprisoning a Soldier A fortunate alarm prevented this Mischief 10. â—…mana da Rama King of Sarceta five Leâ—…ues Northward of Damam a Friend to the Portugueses being upon this occasion entruâ—…ed to secure the Women and Children covetous of the Riches they carried with them refused to restore them Martin Alfonso de Melo and Ferdinand de Miranda marched towards him with Eight hundred Portugueses whereof 140 Horse and 400 Musqueteers and 1000 of the Natives Being come in sight of the City Raumalaje the King sent to offer he would restore all provided they would proceed â—…o farther They thinking it was only to amuse them marched on The King with his Wife and Jewels getting on Elephants and being followed by the Inhabitants fled to a Mountain whence he could see the City plundered and burnt and all the Country about destroyed 11. The Enemy made some attempts upon our Quarters and at last the King â—…me in Person with a good number of Men for some time put our Men very hard to it but in the end was forced to fly and from his retreat sent to make entire restitution of all that had been demanded 12. In Ceylon Raju was preparing to fall upon Columbo The Vice-Roy sent five Sail to its Relief and Raju understanding it stirred not Iohn Correa de â—…to Commander of Columbo eased of that care sent back three of the Ships retaining only two 13. D. Hierome de Mascarennas who was with a Squadron in the Red Sea met with no Enemy but one Night the Sky being serene and clear they all saw a great opening in the Region of the Air with such brightness as enlightned all the Sea then there fell abundance of Flames like flashes of Powder This lasted not long the Night after it continued clear as before and they sailed to Ormuz 14. The Kings of Lara always aspired to raise themselves above those of Ormuz as formerly they had been He that now reigned resolving to possess himself of all Mogostan and leading a powerful Army had taken several Towns and kept the Fort of Ormuz in a manner besieged by hindring the resort of the neighbouring Country People who supply it with Provisions The King of Ormuz who was equally apprehensive of this danger had a Conference with D. Gonzalo de Meneses Commander of the Fort and having adjusted Matters they both set out in August when the heat of the Sun is intollerable to meet the Enemy The King led 3000 Men D. Gonzalo 800 choice Portugueses with a train equal to the greatest Princes These 800 were divided into three Bodies They marched to the Fort of Xamel which they judged impregnable not so much 〈◊〉 Art as its natural Situation in it were Fire hundred Lâ—…ines the flower of that 〈◊〉 15. In â—…ing our Cannon we lost one Man and had many Wounded The Fort was battâ—…d Twenty Days without any Effect The Battery was removed against a Bastion â—…ar the Gate where it soon made a consâ—…able impression The Bastion was assaulâ—…d and gained with the loss of six Men. 16. The Battery was removed thither and continued playing till the King of Lara dying and his two Sons falling at variance about the Succession instead of relieving the Besieged they were forced to surrender upon Condition to march out with their Baggage As they marched the Amadises of the Army of Ormuz who had feigned themselves 〈◊〉 Friends only to get the opportunity of revenging the Affronts received from them in the Persons of their Wives and Daughters now suddenly fell upon them killed 150 and had destroyed the rest had not the King and D. Gonzalo interposed Milascar one of their Officers was killed by our Men whom he assaulted believing them the Breakers of the Articles 17. Xascambar another of their Officers more discreet put himself into the Protection of D. Gonzalo who found much difficulty to save him The Amadises begged of him since he would not suffer them to kill him he would at least permit them to lay their Mouths to his Wounds to suck his Blood in revenge of their Affronts with great trouble he appealed them The King put Coiecenadam with Five hundred Men into the Fort and returned to â—…z Immediately after Provisions â—…w grown scarce in the City were plentifully brought to it 18. At the same time the King of Achem came to Malaca with 150 Sail and finding two Ships in that River batter'd them the space of fifteen days D. Iohn de Gaâ—… who commanded there and whose time was now expiring was most vigilant till Rocque de Melo succeeded him The Enemy weary with battering the Ships resolved to burn them and had compassed it had not Bartholomew Fernandez a Mulato with two Souldiers turned off from them a flaming Vessel designed to set them on Fire 19. Nunno Monteyro coming from the Sreight of Singapura in a Galliot with sixty Portugueses most of them born at Malaca had the boldness to attack all that Fleet. Though it seem fabulous at the first onset he made all those 150 Sail give way then the greatest of them boarded him and he had visibly the better of them when some spark of Fire falling into his Powder blew up him his Vessel and all the Men Yet this
de Lima's Captains snatched him out of the Enemies Hands being penned up between Palisades with only Seventeen Souldiers and gained him time to retire to his Ships 9. The City Iâ—…r is seated on the heighth of a Point of Land in the Country of Malaca in one degree and half of North Latitude not far distant from the Shore girt with thick Walls though of Wood yet strong being composed of vast Beams well knit together at small distances are Bastions all well stored with Artillery and defended by great numbers of Malays Manancabo's and Islanders of Iava and other Warlike Places some of them commanded by their Kings as those of Tringale Dragut Campar and others The River adds much to this strength embracing the City with two Arms. 11. D. Paul being come consulted the manner of attempting the place and began a Battery with good success The Enemies Fleet endeavoured a Diversion but in vain The Battery was continued till the day of the Assumption of our B. Lady to which D. Paul had a peculiar Devotion 11. The morning of that day he landed 600 Portugueses in three Bodies D. Antony de Noronna who led one had a hot Dispute about landing with a Number of the Enemies Musketiers who being repulsed still rallied but at length our Men made their way to attempt the Town where some of them were killed endeavouring to force a passage where there was none 12. In the mean while D. Paul cutting through 2000 of the Enemy in a Wood joyned D. Antony and both together broke into the City The Enemy no longer able to sustain our Fury gave way and was pursued by those two Bodies into the City The third of our Battalions had the same success in getting in and with equal danger being charged by one of the Kings upon an Elephant with a strong and resolute Party But the Beast being shot by D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra so disordered them that our Men had the opportunity to advance 13. The Fight was very desperate in the Streets many Arrows and Darts flying from the Windows yet our Men advanced till they came to the place where the King was with his Allies and there the Battle was renewed D. Paul encouraged his Men not only with Words but with his Example leading them on with Sword in hand 14. After 6 hours Combat the fortune of the Day still seemed dubious till Matias Pereyra who had only 15 Men left with him of 150 attacked and entred the Fort Botabato which gave new Life to our Men almost spent with continual Labour 15. Luis Martines Pereyra who was left to command the Fleet ceased not battering the Town hearing only the noise of the Fight and seeing the Enemies Colours upon the Walls but seeing the Christian set up on the Fort Cotabato he desisted The Kings also discovering them and other signs of their Ruin mounted on Elephants with their Wives and fled up the Inland 16. After the Victory the City was fired which being great and of combustible matter raised a terrible Flame Many People were burnt chiefly Women and Children who in the Confusion could not escape The Booty was very great the Prisoners many and the number of Slain by the Portugueses amounted to 4000 besides near 3000 killed by those that came to assist Rajale when they saw he was defeated on our side 80 were lost Almost 1000 Pieces of Cannon were found some very large 1500 Muskets and 2200 Vessels D. Paul of all the Booty took to himself only an Image of our B. Lady found by a Soldier in the Wood where he was first ingaged 17. The City Malaca resolved to receive D. Paul in Triumph D. Antony de Noronna for the share he had in this Victory desired he would let him go by his Side and he replied Gloriam meaâ—… alteri non dabo D. Antony offended hereat acquainted his Soldiers and they resolved to anticipate the Triumph They landed with found of Drums Trumpets and noise of Cannon and covering the way with their Cloaths led him to the Church D. Paul landed in the same manner he had done at Ior was received by the Religious Orders with their Crosses and singing placed under a Canopy and crown'd by the Bishop with a Garland of Roses and Flowers CHAP. VI. The End of the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses 1. THE Tyrant Raju resolving to possess himself of our Fort of Colombo in Câ—… to this effect gathered â—…0000 fighting Men 60000 Pioniers and near as many Artificers and other Labourers 2200 Elephants 40000 Oxen 150 Pieces of Câ—…on 50000 Axes Shovels Pickâ—…s and Spades an innumerable quantity of spare Arms and Tools two Castles carried each upon a great Cart with 9 Wheels and almost 500 Sail. He thought fit first to consult the Idols about the Success and having placed Men behind them who should say as he had directed them the Answer was That if he would enter Columbo he mâ—…st shed innocent Blood 2. The People was astonished at this familiarity between their Prince and Idols and he pretending Obedience to the Divine Commands caused 500 Children to be snatched from their Mothers Arms which were all slaughtered and the Idols sprinkled with their Blood 3. Thus prepared he marched and sate down before the Town choosing the Ground he best liked there being no body to hinder him Our Commander Iohn de Brito knowing this Storm was like to fall upon him had made the best provision he could He had but 300 Portugueses the third part of them useless being old Men or Children and 700 Natives and Slaves which he posted to the best advantage about that Wall the Circumference whereof is very great reserving 50 to be ready with himself wherever the greatest Danger called Raju spent a month in dreining a Lake that on one side secured the Town about this Work and securing some Boats we had upon that Water there were many Skirmishes in which the Enemy came off with great loss 4. The Fort was much weakened by the want of that Water which was the chief Defence on that side Our Commander gave Advice of the Danger he was in to the Neighbouring Places The first that sent Relief was Iohn de Melo Commander of Manar it consisted of 40 Men under the Command of his Nephew Ferdinand and Ammunition Ferdinand was posted on the side of the Lake Whilst Raju prepared for the Attack there was a Skirmish between the Besiegers and Besieged in which the former lost many Men and had some of their Works levelled 5. On the 4th of August before day Raju advanced to give the first Assault with such silence he could not be heard and the Darkness was such he could not have been seen but the Musketiers lighted Matches discovered them They laid their Ladders and mounted the Bastions St. Michael St. Goncalo and St. Francis 2000 Pioniers at the same time working below to undermine the Wall many of the former were cast down upon these last and abundance of them in
that reaches to the River Iâ—…narigue then that of Pande bordering on the other Moâ—…nibe which extends to that of Zavara in the Inland Near these are the Kingdoms of Gamba and Mocuraba next to it is Cape Corrientes 8. After suffering much Hunger Thirst Weariness and being persecuted by Thieves they came to the Town of the King of Mâ—…nica by whom they were courteously received and entertained he offer'd them to live in his Town or in the Island where we said before the Portugueses used to reside during the time of their stay till such time as Portugues Merchants came thither They accepted of the Island where some died Being ill accommodated there they passed over in Boats to the other side of the Continent and in the Passage were parted Some few got to the Fort of Zofala others to the King of Innaca's Town where were some Portugues Traders who had also suffered Shipwrack here after enduring great Hardships many died 9. D. Paul de Lima ended his Days and was there buried on the Shore Such as escaped Death a long time after went over to Goa Among these were three Women Donna Mariana Donna Ioanna Mendoça who after led a solitary Life and Donna Beatrix Wife to D. Paul who carried his Bones to Goa then went to Portugal and Married again at Oporto 10. Let us return to India Mir Alibet encouraged by his Success in the Year 1587 set out the beginning of this Summer from Moca with four Gallies and the Vessel he had taken from Rocque de Brito at Lamo. He anchor'd off of Melinde and was obliged to remove the first Night by Matthew Mendez de Vasconcelos who commanded on that Coast. Our Governor Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno understanding this Pyrate was abroad sent against him his own Brother Thomas de Sousa Coutinno with 900 Men in 20 Vessels of several sorts 11. After a troublesom Voyage he arrived at Mombaça in February where Mir Alibet had already fortified himself Our Fleet passed through the Enemies Fire up the River took the four Gallies killed above 70 Turks released many Christians and took many Prisoners and 30 Pieces of Cannon 12. The Muzimba's at this time were on the other side in such Numbers as shall be related in the Year 1593 intending to kill and plunder the Moors of Mombaça Having from thence with admiration beheld what the Portugueses had done their Commander sent to Thomas de Sousa to desire him That since the Portugueses were Gods of the Sea and he of the Land and they had done their Work they would give him leave to begin his Sousa consented and they entring the Island killed the Moors and Turks who from the City fled to the Woods Many fled to the Ships and were taken in the rest were cut in pieces to be eaten by the Muzimbas Among those that preferr'd Captivity before Death was Mir Alibet and a Son and Brother of the King of Qualife 13. Sousa went over to the Island the King whereof had been a Principal Actor in this Revolt and being now in Arms refused to come to him but D. Bernardin Coutinno with only one Souldier ran up to the King at the Head of his Men and threatning to stab him if any one stirred brought him away He the King of Qualife's Brother and two Governors of Pate were beheaded The King of Sio was put to the Oar the rest were all fined Then our Commander passed over to the Island Mandra the People of which Place had told some Portugueses that only the Sun Beams could enter there Yet the Island and Town were entred the one wasted the other levelled with the Ground 14. Thus Sousa brought all that Coast under Subjection and was received at Goa with great applause Mir Alibet was brought to Portugal where he died a Christian. 15. About the end of the Year arrived in India five Ships from Portugal 16. It is not my Intention to relate only what is honourable of the Portugues I will here set down four ridiculous and destructive Actions of theirs The first was thus The King of Banguel our Friend desiring to destroy a Wood belonging to an Enemy of his desired our Admiral of the Coast of Calicut to assist him with 300 Men to guard those that cut down the Wood. They were sent and instead of securing him so dispersed themselves in the Wood that the Enemy taking the advantage cut them all off The second A Portugues Galley meeting some Pirats of Cangane pursued them with Scoffs scorning to take up Arms against them and they turning upon the Galley entred it and put all the Men to the Sword 17. The third The Admiral that was so unfortunate in the Red Sea in the Year 1586 having now taken a rich Ship of Meca and killed the Captain order'd the Moors in her as if it had been one of his Galleons to follow the Admiral 's Light They as soon as it was night fled and he being ashamed to be so deceived endeavoured to excuse himself by saying The Jesuits had advised him so to do as if that were any Justification of his Folly The fourth Seven hundred Portugueses from Chatigam took a Town and being in it a Cannon that was hid accidentally took fire and they without examining further fled to their Ships in such a Consternation that one single Moor durst follow them throwing of Stones 18. Two of our Gallies going to Chaul to bring an Ambassador sent by the Mogol were set upon at the River of Carapatan Eighteen Leagues from Goa by a great Squadron of Malabars commanded by the famous Moor Castamuza After a tedious fight the Enemy left them in such a Condition that only their departure could have saved our Men who may be said to have had the Victory because they kept the Field 19. In May 1591 Matthias de Albuquerque arrived in India alone having set out of â—…bon with five Ships four whereof were driven back to Portugal He went to succeed Emanuel de Sousa with the Title of Viceroy Sousa having given up the Sword Embarqued for Portugal on the greatest Ship that had ever been seen on the Ocean and vastly Rich and was cast away on the Sands of Garajâ—…o nothing that was in the Ship being saved This Ship made up the number of 22 lost in this Voyage between the Years 1579 and 1591 a great loss for so short a time and may be attributed to two Causes the over-loading and making them too big both faults proceeding from Covetousness 20. In fine Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno was born in the Village de los Arneyros in the Diocess of Lamego and was a Gentleman might make the Place of his Birth honourable He was the 33th Governor first of the Name and second of both Sirnames CHAP. VIII The Government of the Vice-Roy Mathias de Albuquerque from the Year 1591 till 1597. 1. MAthias de Albuquerque a Gentleman well deserving this Command was before named for this Govermnent by the Patents
our hopes advanced when the Fathers were imprisoned by the Court of Ceremonies for presuming to reside there without presenting themselves before their Tribunal This confinement lasted but three days because the King sent for them Though he sent for them they saw him not yet performed all the usual impertinent Ceremonies to his Throne as if he had been there The Supream President of that Court more particularly examined F. Rivius who he was whence he came and what he and his Companions pretended at Court and he being the most expert in the Chinese Language in most lofty terms answer'd to all those Particulars to the great admiration of the President and all the Auditory 13. The King being informed hereof granted the Fathers leave to live at that Court and all the Courtiers favoured them especially the Ministers of State and Mandarins F. Rivius so far gained the favour of a Calao the Supream Dignity in that Empire that he treated him as his equal a thing never used in that great Place seated him at his Table and gave singular attention to all he said particularly in Matters relating to Religion One of the things that most pleased him was that Christianity allowed not of more Wives than one Thus Rivius contracted Friendship with the President of the Supream Council and soon after most of the Principal Men. 14. Thus with Divine and Royal Assistance the Faith was propagated at Peking Hancheu Nanking and Nancham There were converted Mandarins Lawyers and other Persons of Note some with their whole Families and the Society of Jesus after 20 Years labour in the Year 1601 was possessed of four Residences in China one whereof at Court which was to support all the rest 15. F. Nicholas Longobardo a Sicilian who was Rector at Hancheu suffered very much but some Men of Note especially one Tauli pleading for the Fathers the Storm was somewhat appeased But it broke out more furious at the Instigation of a Witch who there being a great Dearth said the Goddess Quonhin would not give Rain whilst the Fathers were there and F. Nicholas was threatned with Death who desirous to suffer Martyrdom ran to the Place where they were threatning him He finding those People disputing about the Rain told them how vain it was to expect it from any but the God he preached and immediately there fell such abundance as refreshed the Fields and quenched their Thirst after his Blood so that House for that time was restored to its former quiet Let this for the present suffice touching the Conversion of China till we have occasion to speak of it again The End of the First Part. THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM III. PART II. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra from the Year 1597 till 1600. DON Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra arrived at Goa in May having set out from Lisbon the Year before with five Sail whereof only his Ship Winter'd at Mombaçá He carried himself from the beginning with such State that he gained the general ill Will of all Men notwithstanding in other things he endeavoured to oblige 2. He disposed of all Places in the gift of the Viceroys to his own Creatures who sold them to underserving Persons whereby those who had merited them by their Service were put by their Right Yet afterwards hearing the just Complaints made against this unjust Proceeding he caused the Buyers to be refunded and gave those Places to Men of more worth 3. Manasinza the great Mogol's Favourite marched to subdue the Patanes who were in Rebellion because Catula King of Orixa having plunder'd and profaned a famous Pagod they unexpectedly fell upon him and killed his Son with 2000 Men. Manafinza had with him 35000 Horse 80000 Foot many Elephants with Castles and great quantity of all other warlike Engines At the City Iassalor all the Inhabitants to the number 6000 fell furiously upon the Enemy resolving to die and ordering as soon as they were cut off their Goods Wives and Children should be burnt that the Enemy might not possess their Riches or dishonour their Families They did great Execution at the first onset but were all cut to pieces and there being no time to put in execution their design Manasinza entred Iassalor plundering the Riches and ravishing Women which struck such a Terror into the rest of the Patanes they all submitted themselves Then marching towards the King of Orixa and he not daring to stand a Battel freely offered Subjection 4. In Ceylon the Tyrant D. Iohn King of Candea taking the advantage of time when our General D. Hierome de Azevedo had dispersed his Men to refresh them caus'd the King of Uva and the Princes of Dinavaca to join and take the Field with 4000 Men many Musketeers and armed Elephants With this force they marched towards our Fort of Corvite six Leagues from Ceitavaca where Salvador Pereyra de Silva commanded with 100 Men. Silva by the General 's order chose some of his Men and marched one Night with such a secrecy four Leagues to the Place where the Enemy was Encamped that they sooner felt than heard him killing many of their Men before they could handle their Arms. The Confusion was such they presently fled he pursued them slew above 1000 and carried away some Prisoners Elephants and other Booty 5. In the Summer D. Iohn takes the Field again with the King of Uva and Simon Correa who being in Rebellion called himself King of Ceitavaca He thought to draw our General D. Hierome out of his Works by attacking our Quarters at Mature where D. Ferdinand the Modeliar commanded D. Ferdinand understanding the Enemy was near thought to have performed such another fortunate piece of Service as Salvador Pereyra had done but his Companion Simon Pincham prevented him and after a desperate Fight in which he was almost lost obtained a Victory equal to that of Pereyra and falling upon the Rebels in their Works killed most of them so that the Flower of Candea fell this Day 6. At the end of May died at Columbo the lawful King of the whole Island of Ceylon D. Iohn Parea Pandar a Catholick and without Heirs King Philip was with the usual Solemnity immediately Proclaimed King of the whole Island and the Oath of Fidelity to him taken by all the Principal Men as being appointed Heir by the last Will of the Deceased 7. About this time came first into India the Scourge of the Portugues Pride and Covetousness for in the Month of September News was brought to Goa that the two first Holland Ships which durst cut those Seas had been in the Port of Titangone and were bound for the Island Sunda The Viceroy having held a Council about this Affair it was resolved to fit out a Squadron of two Galleons three Gallies and nine other Vessels and the Command of it was given to Laurence de Brito an ancient and experienced Captain deserving of greater Commands 8. Three Ships arrived
Wives wore a particular Mark to be known by that in Matrimony they used no other Formalities but the consent of Parties and the uniting the Couple by getting a Child that Women observed the time of the Old Law to be Churched that no Sacraments were administred gratis that Holy Water was made with Dust of Frankincense and some of the Earth where they believed St. Thomas had trod that they used Sorcery and Witchcraft and in fine that all was Error and Confusion 10. D. F. Alexius with great Labour and Toil convinced them of their Errors and reduced them to receive the true Doctrine Whole Towns were baptized and submited to the Roman See 11. He held a Provincial Synod at Diamper and all its Decrees were confirmed by the Pope and Francis Rodrigues a Jesuit who had assisted the Archbishop was made Bishop of that Diocess The Synod breaking up D. F. Alexius visited all those Churches 12. The Archbishop being in the Queen of Changanate's Country visiting the Church of Talavecare one of the ancientest in those Parts where they shewed him three Plates on which were ingraven the Priviledges and Revenues granted by the King of Ceylon when the Babylonians Xabro and Proâ—… built there met Topamuta Pandara King of Gundara Neighbouring on that place and presented him a Letter of King Philip in which he granted him the Title of Brother in regard he had allowed liberty for the Christian Religion in his Dominions 13. Towards the End of this Year arriv'd in India eight Ships from Portugal which brought the News of the Death of King Philip five of them being ready to Sail the Year before were detained because the Earl of Cumberland lay before the Mouth of Lisbon River with an English Squadron till the Season was spent One was lost on the Parcell de Zofala another at her return fought two Holland Ships near the Island St. Helena and worsted them 14. The Viceroy having dispatched the Homeward bound Ships and usual Squadrons began to think of carrying on the War against Cunnale There were Men enough but they wanted a Commander neither was such a one wanting but that the Envy of the Portugueses endeavoured to rob Andrew Furtado of that Glory or rather their Country of that Advantage 15. At length they were forced to comply and employ him to recover our lost Reputation for Cunnale Marcar proud of his late Success had added to his former as vain Titles calling himself Defender of Mahometanism and Expeller of the Portugueses Many Princes began to have an Eye upon his Success nevertheless D. Antony de Noronna who lay before the Port all Winter had perplexed him taking several Vessels laden with Provisions and killing above 100 of his Men that opposed him taking fresh Water 16. The Fleet Andrew Furtado was to Command consisted of 3 Gallies and 54 other Vessels By the way he diswaded the King of Banguel and Queen of Olala who designed to assist our Enemy from their Purpose and cut off the Relief five Ships of Meca were bringing to him 17. Our Commander being come to an Anchor in the Port of Cunnale set forward to treat with Zamori and he advanced to meet him on the Shore The King was naked from the Wast upwards about his middle a piece of Cloath of Gold that reached several times about him and hung down to his Knees fastned with a Girdle of the breadth of a Hand of an inestimable value his Arms cover'd to the Wrists with Gold Bracelets set with rich Stones the weight of this Treasure was so great that two Men supported his Arms about his Neck was an extraordinary rich Chain in his Ears hung so many Diamonds and Rubies as stretched them down with the weight his Age was about 30 Years his Presence very Majestick A little from his side came the Prince with his Sword naked held up behind him the Nobility and somewhat nearer F. Francis Rodriguez The King and Furtado embraced kindly and all the Cannon of the Fleet was fired Being come to the King's Tent they were seated and discoursed about the Affair in hand Furtado at taking his leave put a rich Collar about the King's Neck over the other and they parted very amicably 18. Zamori sent the Prince of Tanor and other great Men aboard the Admiral with full power to treat and conclude all things that were for the common Interest of both Parties This done there arrived from Goa and other Places one Galleon one Galley eleven Ships and twenty-one other Vessels with Ammunition and 790 Men. Furtado went himself to view the Enemies Works raised others Planted his Cannon and became absolute Master of the River He caused some Outworks to be attacked the Moors fled but Cunnale coming in Person to second them they made our Men give ground till Furtado landing came up with Sword in hand and renewed the Fight here he was in great danger but at length remained Victorious killing 600 Moors On our side were slain two Captains and nine Soldiers 19. Fort Blanco or the White Fort was next assaulted with greater Bravery than Success Here Captain Andrew Rodriguez Pallota loosing nine Teeth by a Musket Shot jesting said Doubtless the Moor knew I had no need of them Which he said in respect he was always so poor he wanted sustenance Cunnale being in distress bribed Zamori with great Presents to accept the Surrender upon Security of the Mens Lives Zamori was yielding and Furtado understanding it furiously assaults the Works the King perceiving it falls on on the other side with 6000 Nayres The Works were entred and the lower Town plundred and burnt Batteries were raised against the upper Town and Fort and doing great Execution reduced the Defendants to despair 20 In fine Cunnale Surrendred upon no Condition but Life and marched out with a black Veil on his Head carrying his Sword with the point down which he delivered to Zamori and he to our General Cunnale was about 50 Years of Age of a low Stature but well shaped and strong He and his Nephew Cinale and 40 Moors of Note were sent Prisoners aboard the Fleet and well treated Furtado dealt generously with Zamori for it being one of the Articles of Agreement that the spoil should be equally divided he said it was to be understood only in relation to Artillery and appeased the Soldiers who expected that Reward of their Labour The Fort and all other Works being levelled with the Ground Furtado returned to Goa 21. As soon as some of the Prisoners were set ashore they were torn to pieces by the Rabble How can they who are guilty of such Inhumanities call the much more honourable Indians Barbarians Cunnale and his Nephew Cinale were both publickly beheaded without any regard that they had articled for Life So did that Government and Rabble go hand in hand in Murder and breach of Faith CHAP. IV. The remarkable Revolutions of Pegu during the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de
Vidigueyra 1. THE Kingdom of Pegu before not very considerable was raised to be one of the greatest Empires in Asia by the King of Uva and Brama assisted by 1000 Portugueses under the Command of Antony Ferreyra de Braganca who served him as his natural Prince The Kingdom of Pegu properly so called borders on that of Arracam the Countries of the Brama's and Iungoma's on the West is bounded by they Sea of Bengala from the City Rei to that of Sidoa distant 90 Leagues from each other the breadth of the Kingdom is about the same and its true Name is Bagou 2. It is about 1000 Years since this Kingdom was first erected by a Seaman who was the first King then his Son who lived 80 Years next the Grandson called Tam these and all their Successors added to their Name the Title of Banna Caél Uca Talanna Inda Darar Mampla Ximindo the last who died the Year 1640 as was before related when Branginoco so far inlarged it by his Conquests that it extended to China and Tartary and was Sovereign of Twenty-four great Kingdoms beside Eighty Princes not inferior to Kings Thus it became the powerfullest Monarchy in Asia except that of China 3. This King for the Conquest of Martavam thirty Leagues distant from Pegu gathered 700000 Men and 1700 Ships The Siege lasted six Months in which died 160000 Men. The City being taken and the King killed 140000 Houses were burnt besides 1600 Temples in which were taken 60000 Idols most of Gold and precious Stones there were also taken 3000 Elephants 6000 Cannon and innumerable Prisoners The King's share of the Spoil was above 100 Millions of Gold 4. For the Conquest of Siam he led a greater Force possessed himself of the Kingdom and took the King and his two Sons called by reason of their different colour one the Black the other the White He was content to leave that King in Possession of the Crown as his Vassal having himself been till then his Subject carrying away his two Sons as Hostages 5. Branginoco returning Victorious to Pegu entred the City in Triumph many Waggons going before loaded with Idols and inestimable Booty He came at last in a Chariot with the conquered Queens loaden with Jewels at his Feet and drawn by the Captive Princes and Lords before him marched Two thousand Elephants richly adorned and after him his victorious Troops He built a Palace as big as an ordinary City The least part of its Beauty was rich Painting and Gilding for the Roofs of some Apartments were covered with Plates of solid Gold Some Rooms were set with Statues of Kings and Queens of massy Gold set with rich Stones as big as the Life He was carried on a Litter of Gold upon many Mens Shoulders the Reverence paid him was more like a God than a Prince 6. After some time the two Brothers asked leave of the King to go visit their Father which he granted and afterwards sending to demand the usual Tribute the black Prince refused to pay it The King in a Rage sends his great Favourite Banna with a powerful Army against him Banna ravaged the Country of Siam and Besieges the Prince in Hudixa who defended it so bravely that Banna being forced to draw off he fell upon and totally defeated him The King sends his Brother-in-Law with a greater Power and he receives a greater overthrow 200000 of his Men were cut in pieces with a great number of Elephants and Horses many more of both taken The black Prince remained Victorious his Men were enriched and all encouraged to follow their good Fortune 7. The King of Pegu raises another Army of 1700000 Men 1500 Elephants 80000 Horse and all Necessaries proportionable the Command of it he gave to Mapa Raja his Son with the Title of King of Siam not doubting of the Victory At the News of this Power all Siam trembled except the valiant Black now King who met his Enemy and gave him Battel The two Kings encountring on their Elephants fought and he of Pegu was cast dead off his Elephant at which sight his Men fled and the Siamites pursued them a Month destroying the greatest part of that vast Army 8. The King of Pegu in a Rage for the Death of his Son turned his Fury against the People and some days burnt above Ten Thousand throwing so many into thè River Ganga as stopped the Passage even of Boats He forbid them sowing which caused such a a Famine that they not only eat one another to which purpose there was a publick Butchery of Man's Flesh but devoured part of their own Bodies For want of Fuel they made fire of human Bones having first taken off the Flesh to eat It is wonderful all this Tyranny never obliged that People to rebel A good Example given by Heathens to those more barbarous Christians who dare fly in the Face of just Princes without the least shadow of Oppression 9. This was followed by a Pestilence that depopulated all the Kingdom The neighbouring Princes taking this advantage fell upon the King of Pegu covetous of his Treasures Among them was the Black of Siam who retired with the loss 100000 Men. The King of Tangu was he that possessed himself of all he promised Life Liberty and Estates to all that would come over to him The first that deserted were the Portugueses and Moors for some Portugueses are like Moors in Matters of Interest After them followed a Bastard Son of the King whose Head was cut off by Order of the King of Pegu's Sister Wife to him of Tangu saying That he who was false to his Father could not be true to her She said and did well but who will punish her for treating her Brother barbarously when taken 10. He in despair delivers himself up to the King of Tangu who being possessed of the City and Palace found such Treasure that he made no account of Silver and other Metals and Riches It is avouched for truth that he could not remove all the Jewels and Gold in twelve Caravans each consisting of Seven hundred Elephants and Horses The News of this Treasure drew thither the King of Arracam who contenting himself with what he of Tangu undervalued gathered above Three Millions and a great Train of large Cannon The King of Tangu presented him of Pegu to his Sister and she who having killed his Son for betraying him it was thought would comfort used him Reproachfully and afterwards seeing the King her Husband inclined to Mercy caused him to be beaten to Death 11. The King of Tangu in whose House he of Pegu was Murdered by his own Sister was his Creature and Son to a Carter So that Kingdom had its beginning in a Seaman or Waterman and ended in a Carter both Employs of the same Nature one by Land and the other by Water 12. This Year came into India from the remote Mountains of Scythia or Tartary the Prince Baxan Fourth Grandson of Tamerlain the Great was by the Augustin
Achem richly laden The King of Arracam to the intent to possess himself of that Custom-house resolved to joyn with the King of Tangu and sent an Embassador to him with 20 Ialias or small Ships Nicote understanding it caused Bartholomew Ferreyra Captain of our small Craft to fall upon them who put them to flight so that they were sorced to make their escape to the King of Iangona's Country The Enemy thus exasperated gathered 700 small Vessels with 4000 Men under the command of the Prince his Son with whom were Ximicolia and Marquetam Sons to the then Emperor of Pegu. 21. Paul del â—…ego Pinnero set out to meet them with the Boats and 7 Ships and having taken 10 Boats that were advanced before the rest returned to secure them and set out again but observing the Enemy was too strong for him went in to gather more Force Being reinforced he meets the Prince routs him and takes several Vessels The Prince thinking to save himself by running up a River got into a small Creek where Pinnero took all the rest of his Vessels obliging him to escape by Land having lost One Thousand of his Men. Then he took the Fort of Chinim and in it many Prisoners among which was the Wife of Bâ—…unadala 22. Nicote was now abroad with Fourteen small Vessels in which were Sixty Portugueses and Two hundred Pegues he run up a River and hearing the Prince was on the Shore with Four thousand Men Nine Hundred of them Musqueteers he attacks him Ximitoto a valiant Pegu attempted to take the Prince and being himself hurt wounded the Prince in the Face which occasioned his being made Prisoner and gained us the Victory Two Thousand Men of the King of Pram came to the Prince's assistance as he was taken and were also defeated The Pegues seeing their Prince carried away to Captivity would all have gone with him striving to get into our Vessels Such as could not remained on the Shore cursing their hard Fortune that would not permit them to follow him a Prisoner as they had done in Liberty Christians may here learn the Duty they owe to their Princes 23. Nicote may also be a President to all Men how to use their Victories for he not forgetting he had been a Slave to the Prince now his Prisoner served him with the same respect now as he had done then He watched him sleeping holding his Buskins in his Hands with Arms across a Ceremony used by the meanest with their Kings in those Parts and himself attended him upon all Occasions This generosity may well equal him with great Men and purchased him together with other the like Proceedings the Name of Changa which as was before said signifies Good Man 24. But now ends the Government of Ayres de Saldanna by the arrival at Goa of Martin Alfonso de Castro who came to succeed him with the same Title of Viceroy He set out from Lisbon with five Ships whereof one was forced in again About the end of the same Year there sailed thence two Caravels 25. Ayres de Saldanna seems to have had more natural Goodness than Inclination to War for in his time nothing of this sort was set on Foot He was one of those few Viceroys and Governors who are believed not to have wronged the King On his re-return home he died in the Latitude of the Islands and the Ship that brought him was lost at the mouth of Lisbon River He was tall and somewhat corpulent of a tawny Complexion of Viceroys the 18th of Governors the 36th and First of the Name and Sirname 26. I have purposely reserved for the end of this Government the Discovery of Grand Cathay for which we are beholding to F. Nicholas Pimenta Visitor-General of the Jesuits in Asia He chose for this employ B. Benedict Goes a Man well versed in several Languages and particularly the Persian which was the most important for that Design B. Goes cloathed himself in the Habit of an Armenian Christian Merchant and after their manner took the Name of Abdula Isai which signifies Christian Lord. He set out from the Mogol's Court with that Prince's Favour and Merchandize In his Company went two Greeks well skilled in the manner of Travelling and were Leo Grimanus a Priest and Demetrius a Merchant These had four Mahometan Servants who were afterwards Christians which they left at Laor one of the Mogol's Courts as useless and took in their stead Isaac an Armenian who had a Wife and Children there and was there faithful Companion From Laor they set out on the 6th of Ianuary 1603. 27. With great Labour and Hardships they passed through the Cities Abec Passaur Caferstan Guideli and Cabuo Here they were forced to stay 8 Months and meeting a Sister of Hamet Can King of Cascar that was going a Pilgrimage to Meca and was taking up Money at Interest B. Benedict considering it would oblige that Princess and her Brother through whose Dominions he was to pass lent her 600 Ducats without Interest which afterwards stood him in good stead The Priest Grimanus spent with Labour turned back from Cabul The Caravan set forward and passed the Dominions of the Mogol's in sight of the Cities Characar and Parvam 28. They passed the high Mountains of Aingaran and entring Chalca saw a fair People like the Germans then went through Gialalâ—…bat Thalham Quenam Badaxaâ—… Carebumar Serpanil Sarchunar Tanguetar Iaconich in which Journey almost two years were spent with great Toils and Dangers Hence they Travelled to Hiarcan the Court of the King of Cascar and Place of great Trade They stayed a Year for another Carravan and then set out much favoured by the King for the Kingdom of Chalis The Son of the Pilgrim Lady they lent the Money to at Cabul was very serviceable to them and they were repaid in precious Jaspar-stone the richest Merchandize in that Country In their way they passed through these Towns Iolchi Hanchalix Alchegret Hagabareth Cambaxi Aconferset Chiacor and Acfu Acfu is a Town belonging to the King of Cascar where a Grandson of his only ten Years of Age then governed who favoured Goes the time he was obliged to stay there 29. B. Benedict and Isaac setting forward again for Demetrius stayed behind at Hiarcam and passing the famous Desert Caracatay that is The black Land of Catay and these Towns Oitograck Gazo Canani Delai Saraguebedal Ugan and Cucha they came to the City Chalis where a Son of the King of Cascar governed and where they were in great danger and stayed 3 months Here came in the Caravan from Cathay by whom our Discoverer heard of F. Matthew Rivius then residing at Peking and found that China and Cathay were the same Country and only the Names differed Goes joyful of this Discovery resolved to proceed On his way he passed through these Towns Puchan Turfan Arumuth Camul and Quiacioâ—… whence may be seen that famous Wall that parts China and Tartary and came to Sucheu where hearing much of
the Court of Peking he was throughly satisfied that China and Cathay where the same thing 30. Then ended the Year 1606. The 4th of these Travels now grown pleasing to B. Benedict for that he had compassed his end found his Order where it was least to be expected and could relieve them with what he had got by his Merchandize which amounted to 2500 Crowns and at that time was a considerable Treasure He gave advice of his arrival to F. Matthew at Peking and he sent B. Iohn Fernandez a Novice of the Converts to conduct him forward He arrived at Sucheâ—… the latter end of March 1607 and 11 Days after our Discoverer died not without suspicion of Poison given by the Moors to rob him as they did abusing Isaac and B. Fernandez who having buried the deceased went to Peking CHAP. VI. The Government of the Viceroy D. Martin Alfonso de Castro from the Year 1604 till 1607. 1. DON Martin Alfonso de Castro entring upon the Government gave some signs of being ambitious of Glory but Fortune was not favourable to him or as some say his own Humour was an impediment Therefore let us proceed with the Affairs of the Conquest of Pegu. 2. Ximilica King of Arracam considering his Son was Prisoner thought good to treat with Nicote and he to come to an agreement the better to make his advantage of the Profits of the Custom-House sent Advice of all to Goa and received Orders thence to return the Prince without any Ransom But Interest being his greatest aim neither Obedience to the Viceroy nor the Respect he owed that King whose Creature he was could prevail to hinder him from selling that Prince for 50000 Crowns pretending it was for the Charge of the Fleet the King had obliged him to fit out 3. The King of Arracam justly offended hereat set out a small Fleet against Siriam which was easily defeated but gave him occasion to enslave 100000 Christians and treat them with great rigour which nevertheless moved not many of them though but new Converts Afterwards he combines with the King of Tangu who Besieges the Town with a great Army by Land while he shuts it up by Sea with 800 Sail in which he had 10000 Men. Paul del Rego met him with 80 Ships and failing of the success he had formerly setting Fire to the Powder blew up himself and all that were with him rather than fall into the Hands of the Enemy The Siege continued so long till the besieged were ready to surrender when on a sudden upon some suspicion the King of Tangu quits the Field by night and he of Arracam found it to no purpose to lie longer upon the Sea 4. Some of the neighbouring Princes startled at this success of Nicote sought his Friendship and an Alliance with the King of Portugal The first that effected it was the King of Tangu Nicote marries his Son Simon to a Daughter of the King of Martavam thereby to strengthen himself and have the opportunity of gathering more Riches And being now desirous to rob the King of Tangu tho actually then in Peace with him to colour his wicked Design he pretends that King was overcome by him of Ova as indeed he was and made Tributary since the Treaty as if that could absolve him for breach of Faith In fine with the King of Martavam's assistance he fell upon took and robbed him of Tangu and returned with him and above a Million of Gold without hearkning to the Protestations he made of his continuing a faithful Vassal to the Crown of Portugal 5. Let us keep in mind these his unjust Proceedings and in its place we shall see them rewarded as they deserve for all these Particulars happened not at this time but it is anticipated to prevent too much dismembring the Relation of them Indeed it is to be admired a Christian Government should support such Unchristian Proceedings 6. It will be fit to return to the Affairs of the Moluco Islands The Hollanders were now strong in those Seas and well backed by the Islanders who tired out with our insatiable Avarice joined with those Rebels to expel us 7. The Hollanders about this time having forced us thence had possessed themselves of Amboina Gaspar de Melo commanded there whom absolute Necessity obliged to quit it yet being unjustly accused and in danger of suffering with Disgrace his Wife poisoned him A strange Government where notorious Criminals were not punished and an innocent Person was so Persecuted that she who loved him took away his Life least they should take away his Honour who had none of their own The Portugueses who were at Tidore since the loosing of Ternate seeing the King did not deliver them up to the Hollanders who demanded them and had nine Ships in the Harbour but that he was resolved to stand by them took such Courage that they withstood the continual Batteries of 120 Cannons which played on them without intermission 8. The King of Ternate sends a Fleet to assist the Hollanders and Landing batters the Fort on the other side All we had to oppose this Power was 10 or 12 pieces of Cannon and but a small number of Men able to bear Arms. After four days Battery the Enemy gives the Assault our Men encouraged by their Captain Peter Alvarez de Abreu with Sword in Hand bravely repulse them In the midst of their hopes that this defeat would oblige the Enemy to desist the Powder by some accident taking fire blew up the greatest part of the Fort and most of the Men so that the Enemy entred it when they least expected and our Men were forced to accept of some Vessels to go where they thought fit 9. About Four hundred Persons of all sorts were shipped and got to the Philippine Islands where D Peter de Cunna Commanded Neither was their Voyage without danger the enraged Sea being ready to swallow them but the Mercy of God brought them safe ashore by virtue of certain Reliques thrown into the Water by a Jesuit which laid the Storm and after their landing were brought and laid upon the Sand by a Fish 10. In February Cunna sailed from the Philippine Islands towards Ternate with One thousand Spaniards and Four hundred of the Natives He Besieged the Fort in which was the King himself and had above One hundred Cannons The Hollanders and Ternatenses thinking to surprize the Besiegers made a Sally and were so received by Iohn Rodriguez Camelo who commanded a Company of Portugueses that he not only beat them back but entred the Fort along with them So that when the Spanish Commander came up fearing some mischance might be occasioned by that heat Camelo met him at the Gate with the Keys of the Fort and Cunna to honour him for that Action put about his Neck a Gold Chain he had upon his own 11. The Ternatenses in the fright abandoned the City as they had done the Fort. The Spanish Commander losing no time drove the
Hollanders out of Tidore and cut off their hopes of ever settling in those Islands which from that time forward remained subject to Spain 12. Though the Hollanders lost Tidore yet they aspired to greater Conquests To this purpose they made a League with seven of the Neighbouring Kings about Malaca thinking to gain that Place They gathered a Fleet of One hundred and fifty Sail in which were 16000 Men. There were but few above One hundred Portugueses in a condition to oppose this Power but they were Commanded by the Great Andrew Furtado de Mendoça He sent out several Parties to discover the Enemy's Designs The first was but of four Soldiers with Gaspar de Fonseca the Enemy thinking they Deserted gave them free Passage but were undeceived receiving considerable damage from only those five Men. Next Captain Ferdinand de Costa de Andria with Forty Men some of them Iaponeses cut off a good Party of them and retired without any loss 13. The Enemy having taken their Ground began to batter the City and those within to feel the Miseries of a Siege being in want of all Necessaries To this was added that the Master-Gunner was a Hollander who designedly burst many pieces of Cannon having under-hand Intelligence with the Enemy A Moor who commanded some Men acted no less treacherously but being discovered they were both hanged over the Wall Many of our Men signalized themselves by brave Actions and particularly Iohn Rodriguez Camelo who with great danger brought a number of Men and did good Service with them The Enemy lost so many Men during four Months the Siege lasted in which time they spent above Fifty thousand Cannon Balls that despairing of success they raised the Siege the Kings returning home and the Hollanders to their Ships 14. The News that D. Martin Alfonso de Castro our Viceroy was coming with twelve Galleons four Galleys and seventy other Vessels caused the Siege to be sooner raised He set out of Goa in May on St. Antony's Day in Iune came to Anchor at Achem where he took three of the Enemy's Ships loaden with Provisions and resolved to take Revenge on that King for receiving the Hollanders into his Ports contrary to a former Agreement On the 29th the Men landed the Enemy's opposed them in great numbers with many Elephants but after a brave resistance were forced to their Works Our Men mounted and planted their Colours and had they followed their Victory the City had been that day destroyed Yet the fight lasted all that and next day when the Viceroy perceiving no Benefit accrued shipped his Men much afflicted that he had slipped such an Opportunity 15. After suffering much for want of Water and loosing some Vessels by bad Weather the Fleet came before Malaca where Andrew Furtado acquainted the Viceroy the Siege was carried on by Sea and Land on the Sea were eleven Ships and seven Galliots of the Hollanders and Three hundred small Vessels of the Natives by Land eleven neighbouring Kings in their Persons with 14000 Men. Both of them during those four Months the Siege lasted had destroyed many Buildings and committed great Outrages against Images and other holy Things On the 17th of August the 〈◊〉 Ships went out to receive our Fleet playing their Cannon furiosly and were answer'd in like manner with equal loss till Night parted them 16. Morning appearing the Fight was renewed with great Fury but the Damage was greater on our side because the Enemies Ships exceeded us in strength swiftness number of Cannons and goodness of Gunners Sebastian Suarez boarded one and burnt it after having killed many Hollanders Alvaro de Carvallo would have done the like to another and Duarte de Guerra coming up to second him they all three were consumed by fire and none of the Men saved 17. D. Henry de Noronna boarded the Admiral Cornelius Madclif and being both in danger of being burnt they parted by consent promising if they met again they would not encounter Whereupon Noronna quitted his Command telling the Viceroy He had rather serve as a private Man than be obliged to perform the Promise he had made to the Enemy D. Peter Mascarennas succeeded him in the Command who did Wonders for the Dutch Admiral coming up to salute him supposing it had been Noronna they engaged furiously and after the fight Four hundred Cannon shot were found in the Galleon which had done no other harm than the killing one Cafâ—…e The Fleets were engaged eight Days and our Vessels very much disabled On the 24th of August the Viceroy again offered the Enemy Battel but they all fled 18. The Viceroy entred Malaca which had been ruined during the Siege Andrew Furtado was of Opinion the Fleet should be kept together lest the Enemy might destroy it being separated Others advised it should divide the worst Advice was followed D. Alvaro de Meneses had a Squadron of seven Galleons to go meet the Ships that were expected from Portugal at the Islands of Nicobar Nunno Alvarez Pereyra another of five to secure the Ships of Iava that brought Provisions to Malaca through the Streight of Singapura but having met the Enemy he returned into the Port. 19. The Hollanders having refitted and hearing our Fleet was divided came again before Malaca and finding there the five Galleons they began a desperate fight on the twenty-second of October Many Men of Note of our side were killed one of our Vessels blew up and only seven Men were saved In fine the whole Squadron was destroyed Of the Hollanders about Five hundred were killed The Viceroy soon after died at Malaca it was believed that of Grief for this Loss 20. The Hollanders met not with the like Success in the Bay of Polobutum where D. Alvaro de Meneses was with his Squadron of seven Galleons for after a bloody Fight they were forced to give way having lost three Ships But since the Viceroy is dead and we must enter upon a new Government it will be fit to mention what Ships sailed from Lisbon for India during his Life In the Year 1605 7 Ships Before them three Galleons which were with the Fleet at Malaca After the 7 Ships set out Belchior Rodriguez in a Caravel with some fresh Advice who overtaking them under the Line returned to Lisbon 21. In the Year 1606 3 Ships were to have gone but were prevented by a Dutch Squadron that lay at the mouth of the River till the Season was past Thus much of the Government of D. Martin Alfonso de Castro who was Viceroy two Years and a half the 19th of that Number and 37th Governour the second both of Name and Sirname Of Stature somewhat tall of Complexion sallow a good Christian a good Gentleman well beloved in India and Zealous of the Kings's Service a Thing now rare in the World CHAP. VII The Government of the Archbishop D. F. Alexius de Meneses who was Governour from the Year 1607 till 1609. 1. DOn Martin Alfonso de Castra the Viceroy being
Men were in expectation of the Effect of those great Preparations when on the first of September there appeared at a great distance several Sail that seemed to be of bulk It was concluded they were Hollanders Our Governor hearing of it run down to the Shore and in a few hours made ready some Ships and Galliots saying Now shall they see how Andrew Furtado with these light Vessels boards their three Deck Ships The time is come 4. Just as he came out to order Affairs so without returning to Court was he going aboard without calling any Body but this his Resolution being known there soon flocked to him as many Men as there was occasion for So it happened to King Emanucl whom he now seemed to imitate who hearing the danger Arzila was in set out Post and without beating Drum by that his speed presently raised a great Army But as the Governor was spreading Sail advice was brought that they were no Enemies but Ships from Portugal that brought a new viceroy 5. This was Ruy Lorenço de Tavora who sailed from Lisbon at the end of October with four Galleons and a Caravel and had Wintered in the Island of Ibo Those who came received a double satisfaction one in their safe arrival the other in seeing that Port of Goa covered with such a number of Ships as represented the past more happy times 6. Many were sorry Furtado was so soon deprived of that Government for the great hopes they had conceived of his good Fortune and Heaven seemed to favour his continuance by the Death of the Count de Feyra who was going to that Command 7. Even the Viceroy that went to succeed him was troubled for seeing that Bay full of many so Ships and in such Order he asked Who governed India and being told that Andrew Furtado he replied I thought so for the greatness of this Work assured me it could have no other Author I am sorry I came now to India to take this Command because it is a hindrance to the great Actions might be expected from such a Governor 8. Since this untimely arrival of the Viceroy has cut off what might be expected from Furtado's Government let us Epitomize what he acted under others At 16 Years of Age he was in Africk when the unfortunate King Sebastian went over thither Then passed over into India and having performed some Military Exploits had the Command of ten Ships with which he relieved the Fort of Braçalor besieged by King Sincarnoboro He not only raised the Siege but reduced the King to become Tributary to Portugal then falling upon those that had combined with him destroyed their Countries with Fire and Sword and took one of the chiefest with all his Vessels putting all the Men to the Sword He took several Ships of Meca defeated the great General Cotimuza destroyed another Fleet at Manar taking many Ships slew the King of Iafanapatan that was in Rebellion ruined a Fleet of Malabars that did us great harm on those Seas raised the Siege Raju had laid to Columbo levelled the Formidable Fort of Cunnale bringing him and his Nephew Prisoners to Goa drove the Hollanders from Amboyna and Sunda reduced the Rosatelo's then in Rebellion gained many strong holds in the Islands of Ito Nao and Veranula and being Commander of Malaca held out a Siege of four Months against the Hollanders and 11 neighbouring Kings 9. It was great to overcome so many Enemies but far greater to conquer himself In the dead of Night a Woman got into his Apartment offering him her Daughter moved thereto by extream want After a severe Reprimand he charges her to marry the Daughter and gives her a Purse of Money with assurance he would make up the Portion 10. All these great Actions he had performed at the Age of 45 besides many more which in another had been considerable but not of Note to him He was as to his Quality of the best of Portugal Having governed three Months he Embarqued for Portugal died by the way of the Jaundice and lies in the Church of our Lady of Grace in Lisbon Of Stature he was somewhat tall his Complexion tawny of Body lean and was the 40th Governor and 2d of the Sirname CHAP. X. The Government of the Vice-Roy Ruy Lorenço de Tavora from the Year 1609 till 1612. 1. SCarce was Ruy Lorrenço de Tavora setled in the Government when there came in 5 Ships from Portugal which with the same number that carried him made 10 and consequently a great number of Men that went in them 2. About the beginning of the Year were set out the usual Squadrons but more numerous and better manned than usual by reason of the great Preparations before spoke of and the Men that came newly At the same time came from Lisbon 3 Ships for India 3. The greatest Action at this time was in Ceylon where D. Hierome de Azevedo who had that Command went on with the usual Success that always attended him in that Post. He marched with 700 Portugueses and 25000 Lascarines that is Chingala Soldiers to assault the City Candea and finding by the way the Fort of Balane abandoned left Antony de Costa Monteyro in it with two Companies Then advancing to the River of Candea and finding it well fortified nevertheless he attempted to pass it receiving the Enemy's Fire which for some time did no Execution Yet our Men gave way till F. Gaspar de la Madalena a Franciscan ran into the River holding up a Crucifix and encouraging them whereupon they charged and drove the Enemy from their Works who fled to the Mountains abandoning the City which was burnt and such as could be overtaken slain 4. This Success so thoroughly reconciled the King of Candea to us that he admitted the Conversation of the Franciscans and put his two Sons into their Hands to be bred Christians Thus the Peace was concluded and he writ to our King Philip to Compliment him upon his accession to the Crown testifying the great Affection he bore him and desiring to be esteemed among the Princes of Asia as one that most desired his Correspondence 5. The Moor Abdala Carima Tanadar of Nizamaluco who besides his natural hatred to the Portugueses was malicious on account that he had lost half a hand by them disturbed the Peace at Chaul His Pretence was receiving his Prince's Revenue wherein he proceeded with much Insolence and we on our part bore much rather than break into open War 6. Our Commander D. Francis Rolim complained to Nizamaluco who answered with Threats that he would fit out a Fleet and that the Hollanders were already in that Sea To be as good as his Word he set out 30 Paraos which robbed all that came in their way belonging to the Portugueses The Tanadar being thus backed hearing that George Henrique was gone out to a Wood he killed him and took his Wife and two Daughters 7. The People of Chaul pressed the Commander to commence the War
all Men to follow and marched â—…o Leagues afoot that day In three he reached Balane and the King at the sight of him raised the Siege D. Francis relieved the Fort and returned with Glory to his Quarters destroying all the Enemy's Country 8. The Tanadar of Chaul meditating Revenge for the Losses he had sustained by us the last Year hired some Moors Naytia's that lived in Caranja and were free with the Portugueses to kill Baltasar Rabello de Almeyda Commander of that Fort. They guided by Melique Balane entred suddenly when he was at Supper and killed him and a Sister-in-Law of his This done they shut themselves in but the Portugueses forcing the Gates put them all to the Sword Ferdinand de Sampaio Cunna succeeded in the Widow and Command About the middle of April Abascan General of the Enemy led a great Body of them to revenge the Death of the others on Caranja He could not be prevented entring the Town but being in disorder killing and plundering Simon Rangel with 17 Portugueses doing great Execution began to put the Moors to flight whilst Cunna coming on another way with few Men they made a great slaughter This was a warning to the Naytia's not to return to Caranja Afterwards Cunna not satisfied with what he had done ravaged their Country and brought away above 3000 Prisoners He shewed much Generosity when two Moors being brought to him for entring a Place forbid them upon pain of Death he set them at liberty because being asked How they durst come thither without a safe Conduct one of them answered That they had done it relying on the Fame of his Courtesie to ransom certain Kindred of theirs 9. Ruy Freyre de Andrade who cruized on that Coast with a Squadron of small Ships understanding that Nizamaluco since the War broke out at Chaul spread it as far as Salsete and Agacaim he repaired thither In a Village between Caranja and Tana he cut off some Moors that opposed him and put the rest to flight Higher they discovered 500 Moors and an Elephant with a Castle on his Back in which were two Cannons Twelve Soldiers landed a Captain with 80 Horse attacking them was shot dead our Men seeing the Enemy halt stood some time and then George Marino sent to challenge their Leader but he not accepting of it they returned aboard 10. From Tana Freyre sent some Ships to relieve the Town of Agaçaim which being indanger'd by the Moors run a greater hazard through the discord of the Inhabitants They were but 50 Families yet all full of Division and Ruy Freyre could no way reconcile them Every one said he was able to defend all their Houses and all together could not defend one for 2000 Moors soon forced them thence into the Monastery of St. Francis shewing them how great difference there is betwixt saying and doing between Animosity and Discretion Freyre carried the Women and Children to Baçaim and then relieved Manora passing through multitudes of Enemies who expected him ashore and sought resolutely insomuch that one laid hold of the Colours on which was the Picture of the Blessed Virgin carryed by Emanuel Ambrosio the Moor was shot dead He got into the Fort without losing one Man having killed and wounded many and after securing all things there returned to the Mouths of the Rivers of Tana where he behaved himself well 11. The Affairs of Agaçaim grew worse for fresh Troops of Melique resorting thither Ruy Freyre was obliged to return to their assistance At his coming he saw the Enemy was firing Iohn de Caldas his House where he had fortified himself and Iames Rodriguez Caldera a Soldier well known for his Valour was let down by a Rope to quench it as he did Freyre with much difficulty brought off those that were left and carried them to Baçaim There he landed and joining the Commander of the Fort and Men of the Northern and Diu Fleets they pursued a Body of Moors till it was thought fit to retire for fear of an Ambush A few Days after Freyre and the Northern Squadron being gone to convoy a Fleet that lay at Damam for fear of Pirats Andrew Pereyra de Sousa with three Companies was drawn into an Ambush and not a Man of them escaped 12. The Moors at the upper Chaul were drawn into the like snare by D. Emanuel de Azevedo Commander of that Place a Man well skilled in Military Affairs having gained Experience by several Years Service in Ceylon 13. The Necessities of Damam represented by the People and their Commander Nunno Alvarez Pereyra obliged Ruy Freyre to make some stay there The Case was that among other Enemies the King of the Sarcetas who lives in intricate Woods which serve him for defence had sent out Parties of Horse and Foot which destroyed and carried away all they found in the neighbouring Villages Freyre gathering about 200 Men from Damam Maim and Trapor fell upon 600 of the Enemy in their Woods and Works before Day when they were all asleep slew a great number of them and retired with a considerable Booty burning all that could not be carried away Above 700 of the Enemy pursued him but not daring come too near he retired in good Order and got into Damam with Honour 14. D. Henry de Noronna had detached George de Castilo with some small Vessels towards Cape Comori to convoy the Fleet of Turocori There he discovered a Galliot that carried 170 Moors Francis de Soufa Pereyra with his little Ship in which were but 16 Souldiers bore down upon her Castillo sends two more to second him and they discovering some Ships of Bengala leave him to follow them Those of the Galliot seeing our small Vessel forsaken fire their Cannon upon her which killed three of the Men that rowed and the rest leaped into the Sea The Moors board her and all our Men were either killed or taken 15. In May Nunno de Cunna sailed from Goa for Baçaim to succeed Ruy Dias de Sampayo as Admiral of the North Sea his Squadron consisted of 13 Ships in which were 400 chosen Souldiers designed to carry on the War against Melique who was grown strong By the way he had some Encounters not considerable enough to be related and at the City Galiana after entring the Enemies Works taking some Cannon and killing many with the loss of one Man was forced by a Storm to desist from his Design of burning some small Vessels 16. Being at Baçaim he kept the Enemy in great awe notwithstanding they had 400 Horse and as many Foot whereas we had but 30 Horse and 160 Foot Several were killed in Skirmishes this Winter the number of theirs not known on our side 40. On All Saints Day the Enemy came on through a Plain having to distract us made a feint of coming through the Water Their Horse having made Antony Pinto de Fonseca give way were bogged and our Men rallying upon them killed and took some putting the rest
any thing abroad because the Country swarmed with Enemies and there were but few Men in the Fort. But he training many Camponeses raised new Works and forced the Enemy to withdraw with great loss 8. Gaspar de Melo now commanded the Northern Squadron consisting of 16 Sail he went to Bacaim understanding there was most need of his Assistance The posture of our Affairs was much mended by this Relief the Enemy being kept more in awe till one day fighting from Sun to Sun our Men without losing one Man overcame a great multitude 9. The Fort of Manora four Leagues from the mouth of the River of Agaçaim being besieged by the Decariis and Bacaim in a good Posture Gaspar de Melo resolved to relieve it and Antony Pinto to bear him Company the chief of their Strength was 700 Portugueses Gaspar one night went himself to view the Enemies Camp and finding it stronger than he had imagined when he returned perswaded his Men it was much weaker He prepared them to fall on before day which was done so successfully that some fled at first with the surprize and many being killed the rest followed Thus that Siege was raised without the Loss of one Man 10. Hence Gaspar de Melo went to Damam again infested by the King of the Sarceta's and in sight of the Enemy cut down their Woods and Orchards they not daring to oppose him The heat of the Sun was then so violent that it caused a Soldier immediately to run mad and died soon after this was all the Loss sustained by us in that Action 11. Then Melo returned to Chaul where he found Ruy Freyre de Andrade successful over his Enemies They marched to destroy a Wood near Upper Chaul in defence whereof a great multitude of the Enemy met them and there ensued an obstinate fight Here Melo forgetting the Duty of a Captain acted more like a private Soldier which heat of his Ruy Freyre did endeavour to moderate he now gave the advice he would not afterwards take They returned victorious but not without losing some Men. 12. Freyre being left alone gave Orders to fall upon the Enemy Captain Peter Gomes Villano answered They had no Men. Advancing still he again orders them to fall on and at the same time received a Musket Shot in his Belly His Men seeing it began to give way but he running forward cryed out There is no cause to retire I am very well yet for some time his Life was in danger Here it was he wanted the Advice he gave to Melo yet that Resolution produced an honourable Victory 13. Melo again joins Pinto de Fonseca at Bacaim in order to relieve the Fort of Assarim that high Mountain that overtops the flight of Birds and is counted impregnable Tho' the Country swarm'd with Enemies they conducted 200 Waggons to that Mountain and having relieved it returned in safety 14. We had not the like success at Diu for Francis Sodre being sent against the Resbutos at Coche with 300 Men in 13 Ships behaved himself so indiscreetly that they slew many of his Men and forced him to retire to his Ships in haste but not cowardly for he still faced them and did all that could be expected at such a time 15. Our Affairs at Mombaça were in a very bad posture for King Sultan Hazen being persecuted by his Unkle Munganaje who armed at the Crown and by the Commander Emanuel de Melo who thirsted after his Riches was accused of Treason those being really the Traytors who accused him His feigned Crimes being laid before the Viceroy he rashly orders him to be brought to Goa directing Simon de Melo Pereyra who went to succeed Emanuel de Melo to seize him The King understanding the Design endeavoured to avoid being taken and the new Commander attacking his House obliged him again to fly to Arabaya of the Cafres Our Commander with Money prevailed to have him killed and cutting off his Head sent it to Goa as it had been a Trophy of some great Conquest Then he puts the Government into the Hands of the Traytor Munganaje joining with him Melinde Brother to the deceased But he who desired no Colleague laid Crimes to his Charge as was done to his Brother and caused him to be beheaded We shall hereafter see the Benefit reaped by this Tyranny and Treachery 16. Cojenitamo Commander of Suratte for the Mogol with 800 Horse and some Elephants on a sudden over-ran the Country of Damam burning the Villages and some of our Men endeavouring to put a stop to him were drawn into an Ambush and all slain The Enemy comes on again with a greater Power and was now absolute Master of the Field when Luis de Iâ—…ito Melo Admiral of the North-Sea came into that Port with his Squadron which consisted of 14 Sail and in them 350 Souldiers These joined 200 of Damam and 70 Horse and above 1â—…0 other Foot They attacked the Enemy who far exceeded them in numbers yet drove him out of those Lands killing above 400 of them 2 Elephants and their Commander in Chief Dalapute Rao on our side only Antony Godinno was slain 17. Luis de Brito pursued them to the Fort of Baroche and entring the Port burnt the Town and all the Vessels that lay there As he returned Victorious discovering the City of the Resbuto's called Barbute he resolved to attack it A great number of them met him and after a Fight which was long dubious were defeated with the loss of 450. On our side died one Captain and four others The City was burnt and the Heads of most of the Dead cut off which were cast ashore near Surat to be seen by the Moors of that place 18. At Bacaim and Chaul there were many Skirmishes which for brevity are omitted but many Towns were burnt much Plunder taken and the Enemy on all sides kept under 19. Emanuel Mascarennas Homem succeeded D. Francis de Meneses Rojo as General of Ceylon he had Orders to curb the Insolence of the Portugueses well known to the Viceroy since he Commanded there and which did us more hurt than the Enemies Sword We had not grown odious to the Chingala's had we not provoked them by oâ—… infamous Proceedings Not only the poor Soldiers went out to rob but those who were Lords of Villages adding Rapes and Adulteries which obliged that People to seek the company of Beasts on Mountains rather than be subject to the more beastly Villanies of Men. 20. The viceroy perceiving that India was not in a condition to withstand so great Enemies as was the Mogol and Xarife Melique Commander of Ponda and suspecting that Ibrahim Idalxa underhand supported him sent Antony Monteyro Corte Real Embassador to the latter with a Present for the King and another for his Favourite Being come to Visapor he had the desired Success which was to obtain that Melique should be Imprisoned at Ponda that the Hollanders who laboured to settle a Factory there should be
convoyed those two Vessels to Malaca There he was received under a Canopy with great State and demonstrations of Love and Gratitude there also he soon fell sick in such manner that the seventh Day were buried with him the great hopes conceived of destroying the Hollanders by his Zeal Valour and Conduct The Galleys carrying the Body returned to his Nephew and the Vice-Admiral and he with them to Manila CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. ABout this same time a Peace was concluded at Damam between the Portugueses and King Choutia Gonzalo Pinto de Fonseca was appointed to go to exchange the Ratifications The King would not come into our Dominions to swear it nor would we go into his those of the King of Sarceta tho' our Enemy and his Father-in-Law were agreed upon Pinto came to a Village appointed for this Ceremony with 400 Foot and 50 Horse and found the King there with 40 of the latter and 900 of the former Our Commissioner offer'd his Tent and the King his urging his Character It was accepted to avoid displeasing him The Quarrel had been about certain Lands the King pretended to and now quitting his Claim the Peace was solemnly sworn with satisfaction of both Parties He offered to serve our King with 1000 Foot and 200 Horse and that his Son should live at Damam to Command a Fleet at Sea He added pleasantly that he envied those who could be in Damam at the publick Feasts and caused Pinto with some of the chief Portugueses to go to his House saying the Queen was desirous of seeing him She saw him but not he her being behind a close Lettice The King made fresh offers and gave good Proofs of real Friendship 2. The same Gonçalo Pinto concluded a Peace with the Mogol The Articles were That Iahanguier King of the Mogols and the Viceroy should hold no Correspondence with English or Hollanders That they should harbour neither of those Nations in their Ports that they should be obliged to expel them the Sea of Guzarate in 3 Months after any of them came thither That if the English entred the Lock of Suratte the Portugueses should have leave to plant Guns ashore to drive them out That all Animosities laid aside the Mogols and Portugueses should Trade freely in each others Ports That Prisoners be restored on both sides That the King should restore all the Portugues Effects in his Kingdom after repaying himself 70000 Xerafines he had received Damage in a Ship that came from Meca That the Hulk of a Ship should be given to the Queen-Mother for one of hers burnt at Goa That the Viceroy should give leave for two Ships of his once and one every Year to Trade from Suratte to Meca without paying any Duties That the Malabars should be excluded the Ports of both Parties as pernicious Pirats That by this Peace the King of Portugal's Right to the Duties paid at Diu by the Ships that Trade in the Bay of Cambaya should be no way infriâ—…ged 3. About the middle of February Gonzalo Rodriguez de Sonsa came to the Moluco Islands with 6 Galliots of War and two of Merchants He was sent by the Viceroy with Succours D. Iohn de Silva Governor of Manila with his Spaniards were then besieged at Ternate by 11 Dutch Ships Sousa in sight of them relieved the Place and the Besiegers stood away to the Southward D. Iohn ordered two Galleys and a Pink with the Galliots to follow the Enemy who steered for Macassa These put the Towns of Arsula Best and the greater and lesser Manciolas to Fire and Sword They burnt Ships belonging to the Kings of Ternate Maquien Bacham and Cacoa who favoured the Holland Rebels Landing in the Kingdom of Corane they easily took the chief Fort the King who was in it flying for shelter to the Woods Returning aboard they discovered three great Ships in which came the King's Son-in-Law and Grandson to his aid the latter was taken the other killed On the 2d of April they arrived at Macassa aâ—… such time as the Admiral of the 11 Hollanders seen at Ternate was coming into that Port. After half a Day 's fight being upon the point of taking her a sudden Storm parted them Our Men returned to Ternate with Booty Provisions and more Ships than they carried out 4. In Ceylon our Gen. Em Mascarennas Homem marched against Candea with 14 Companies of Portugueses of 30 Men each and the Dissava's or Chiefs of the Natives Near the River of Candea fell so great a Rain there was no dry place to lie down and in the Morning they were all running Blood being bit by Leeches It appeared difficult to pass the River being then swelled but there being 11000 Men there they cut Trees and laying a Bridge over passed The Chingalas began to Skirmish chiefly at Night taking the advantage of the Woods We lost some Men. The like happened at the Entrance into the Kingdom of Uva 5. They marched to the City Babule Metropolis of that Kingdom burning all that lay in their way Three thousand of the Enemy who lay in Ambush near the City fell upon Simon Correa who led our Van but 600 Musqueteers charging them they fled to the Woods about 40 being killed on both sides The same happened in the Rear There being no Plunder in the City it was burnt and all Fruit-Trees cut down Our General spent 3 Months in this Expedition in March returned to Sofragan and thence to Malvane having done the Enemy great harm 6. In August he sent Peter Peixoto de Silva with 8 Companies to Tumpane another Inlet into the Kingdom of Candea towards the North a League from Balane He spared neither Sex nor Age for that the Tumpanenses had endeavoured to betray us to the Enemy The Lands of Archiapato of Candea were burnt but in a Village they cut off 20 of our Blacks in an Ambush 25 of them were slain in the same manner on their way to Matale Near Matale 70 more fell of 1500 that came to oppose us which caused them to quit the Field and Peixoto returned to Manicravare with 500 Prisoners and 2000 Head of Cattle some of them Elephants 7. After this the Dissava Philip de Oliveyra had much the same success making a Road into Candea with 10 Companies The success continued as long as Emanuel Mascarennas Homem commanded in that Island which was little above a Year every one wishing it had been much longer as much in respect of his Valour as Fortune and Affability CHAP. VII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. IN the Year 1608 we gave an account of the prodigious rise of Sebastian Gonzales Tibao who of a poor seller of Salt in a small Barque the Year 1605 in that of 1608 was become an absolute Sovereign without dependance on any Prince whatsoever It is now time to show the end of
much admired this Proceeding understanding it was Freyre's custom rather to Give than Receive 3. The Piece Freyre kept was Cambolim worth about 20 Pardao's The value of a Pardao is 12 Royals and a half Cambolim is a piece of Stuff the Women wear on their Shoulders like a Veil The Captain 's extolling this Action he said The Cambolim was due to some Lady that they should agree whose Mistress was handsomest and it should be given to her The Price without any dispute was allowed to â—…ippolito Furtado his Mistress 4. Whilst the Merchant Fleet stayed at Cambaya Freyre went to visit the Fort of Diu and landed by the way at Goga once a proud City of the Moors but humbled by our Arms the last Year At the end of December the Fleet sailed from Cambaya and was the greatest that had been seen in many Years Freyre with his Squadron convoyed it Near Damam there arose such a Storm that it was a wonder they did not all perish Two Ships were lost with all the Men of another only one Man was saved of a fourth all the Men. What caused most admiration was that 10 small Boats escaped which in a calm Sea carried but a span above Water At length they got into Bacaim 8 Merchant Ships being drove to Chaul met there 4 Parao's of Pirats who took two of them Freyre caused the Beards of the Soldiers of the other six to be cut off for not following his light At last he came safe to Goa with the Fleet. 5. D. Bernard de Noronna commanded the Fleet on the Coast of Malabar Zamori had again broke the Peace and distressed Granganor Noronna hasted thither and cut off all Correspondence between Zamori and 3 Holland Ships that came into that Sea and in despight of all the Nayres relieved Granganor Mean while D. Henry de Sousa sent by him with 11 Sail to Calicut burnt there a great Ship belonging to that Emperor loaded and ready to sail for Meca This done D. Bernard having visited the Forts of Malabar and Canara returned to Goa 6. D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra succeeded Emanuel Mascarennas Homem as General of Ceylon and made several successful Roads into the Kingdom of Candea bringing thence many Prisoners and much Cattel But let us relate a dangerous Commotion that happened in that Island the Occasion whereof though it be not new in the World is one of those that though often repeated is still admired and was thus 7. Some Years before this died Nicapeti King of Ceylon who being converted and having no Issue made the King of Portugal his Heir At this time there lived in Ceylon a poor Fellow called also Nicapeti He served the Portugueses and gaining admittance to one of the Queens of Valgameme heard somewhat of that Prince called Nicapeti This Fellow being of the same Name resolved to represent his Person and perswade the People that he was their Natural Prince come to Life again He feigns himself a Iogue that is the same as an Hermit among us and beginning to appear about Mareguepore gave out That taking compassion on the Calamities of his Country he came to free them from the Portugues Bondage He found Credit and Men flocking to him entred the seven Corla's when the Disâ—…ava Philip de Oliverae was absent At Matiagama he slew two Fathers of the Society in 6 or 7 days was succoured by the King of Candea with 2000 Men and declared King by most of the Country 8. As soon as our General had notice hereof he sent Emanuel Cesar with some Men to quench this Fire before it grew Masterless Cesar meeting him with 6000 Men at Gandola a Village on the River Laoa they ingaged and Ferdinand Caldeyra who led our Van going on rashly was killed with 10 or 12 Soldiers and Captain Gaspar de Antas 9. In the heat of the Battle 1000 Chingala's who served under Luis Gomez Pinto deserted to the Enemy At this sight our Men gave themselves for lost but much more when D. Constantine a Chingala but Subject of Portugal and of the Royal Blood stepping forward cried aloud Whither do you fly my Friends If you look for your Natural King here am I who by seven several Branches am descended from them In a moment they all turned to and proclaimed him King and he made use of this opportunity to reduce them that had revolted from us After a long Dispute the Enemy fled over the River Next morning our Men passed over and meeting no Enemy stayed there for further Intelligence 10. In the mean while Philip de Oliveyra returned from Candea having heard of Nicapeti's Attempt but not of our Victory There was then a considerable number of Chingala's who served under him to incite these to rebel one came and from the top of a Mountain admonished them to forsake the Portugueses and follow their Natural Prince This caused much disorder among the Men and next day Oliveyra marching on came to the Field of the late Battle and finding above 1000 slain could not discover who had gained that Victory On a Tree was seen an Inscription signifying that all Portugueses were slain no body of them left in Ceylon and that Columbo was surrendred This startled the Portugueses and not a little rejoyced the Lascarines the Chingala's that serve among us are so called who were 800 in number 11. As Philip de Oliveyra continued his march 300 Men attacked his Rear but as soon as he faced them fled Nyhe came upon him near the River Laoa he sent to Emanuel Cesar and they joyned which made the Revolters fly to the Woods They two agreed to take all the Women and Children of some Villages hoping by that means to reduce the Chingala's that were in Arms. Oliveyra took above 400 the same night the 800 Lascarines deserted with their Arms leaving the Portugueses alone who were not above 200. These marched 5 Leagues to the Pagod called Atanagale near Maluana where the General resided who sent them 500 Men 200 whereof were Portugueses He ordered D. Emanuel de Castro to take care of Provisions and Ammunition having made D. Constantine Dissava of the Corlas this was the Chingala who as was abovesaid brought back those who fled from us in stead of D. Philip de Oliveyra wrongfully punishing him for the desertion of the 800 Lascarines CHAP. IX Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616. 1. NIcapeti like an absolute King bestowed Imployments and Lands having gathered an Army of 24000 Men with which he marched towards Columbo so vain that half a League from that Town on the Banks of the River Nacolega he would be proclaimed Emperor of Ceylon He sent to the King of Candea to send him one of his two Wives who answered It should be done when the Portugueses were subdued Nicapeti in a Rage at this Answer threatned to use that King like the Portugueses Those 2000 Men sent by him to Nicapeti's assistance
show of hanging one of Soveral's Servants to appease the Nayres and being cut down put him into a Coffin as if he were really dead The Nayres were satisfied and our Men as well pleased that this Fiction had passed upon them as if the Condescention had not been equal whether the Act was faigned or real 13. The King of Ova or Avaa for both Names are given him fearing the Kings of Siam and Arracam his Enemies should come to an accommodation with the Portugueses sent Ambassadors to settle a Peace with us excusing the killing of Philip de Brito Nicote offering to restore the Prisoners he had taken and to assist us against the King of Arracam of whose great Treasure he desired nothing for himself but the white Elephant The Viceroy accepted of the Ambassadors Proposals and sent back with them Martin de Costa Falcam to ratifie the Agreement He spent many Days in solliciting an hour's Audience at length it was appointed at Midnight and he was led in the dark to a Place where they ordered him to speak for the King heared he spoke and saw no King nor heard no answer He signified the desire he had of seeing the King and was ordered to wait his going abroad He went out one Day upon an Elephant and knowing Falcam waited in the Street to see him never so much as turned his Eyes that way Such was the account he made of our Embassy so the Ambassador returned to Goa without concluding any thing 14. Let us conclude this Year with an account of a Monster In September was born at Chaul this Monster whose Head and Face were as round as a Ball the Mouth of excessive bigness the Nose quite flat the Eyes very little the Ears vastly big like those of an Elephant the Neck extream thick in other respects like a Pig It died the hour it was born CHAP. XII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1617. 1. THE Affairs of Ceylon were in a dangerous Condition for we had three powerful Enemies but few Men to oppose them and lost the Forts of Sofragam and Balane Our Enemies were the King the Chingala Antony de Barreto and Nicapeti who though overcome still was strong Our General D. Nunno Alvares Pereyra divided his Men who with much hazard put all to the Fire and Sword sparing neither Sex nor Age for neither Mercy obliged the Chingala's nor did Cruelty terrifie them The Particulars are not worth relating let us see what happened with Nicapeti 2. Our Forces marched after Nicapeti from Pelandu to Catugambala Devamede and Cornagal taking some Forts by the way killing many and carrying away 600 Prisoners The Tyrant retired to Talampeti his usual Refuge our Men advanced to Polpeti in sight of the Enemies Camp and forcing their Works passed to Balapane of Religiam whence they sent away the Prisoners and wounded Men. It was debated in Counsel what was best to be done and the worst advice prevailed so D. Constantine marched with a Party towards Alicur after Barreto and heard he was fortified with 6000 Men at Iatipara having secured all the Women of the Araches and Lascarines and that Nicapeti was at Moratena Our Men being divided did little and had performed much more if the best advice which was to keep together had been followed The Chingala's when the Portugueses prevailed offer'd submission but upon any ill success of ours recanted At last our Forces quite harassed went into Quarters at Botale 3. At this time Laurence Perez de Carvallo sailed from Goa for Ceylon with Men and Ammunition in a Pink all at his own proper Charge A Counsel being held before our General D. Nunno Alvarez at Columbo the result was That he marched in Person with a considerable force to drive Barreto from Sofragam and Mature Luis Gomez Pinto was left with his Regiment to secure Alicur and oppose Nicapeti and Emanuel Cesar stayed at Botale with 100 Men. It was about the End of March when those who were for Sofragam set out carrying Laurence Lopez Carvallo with them Our Parties were successful on all sides driving the Enemy from their Works and slaughtering them in the Woods 4. In May our Army advanced towards Nicapeti who was well fortified at Moratena yet fled towards Candea with such speed that our Army could not keep with him Luis Gomez Pinto with his Men and two Companies more was detatched to pursue him who was so intent upon overtaking Nicapeti that he passed by several rich Booties that offered by the way At length he overtook him in the Deserts of Anorojapure and unexpectly fell in with him Nicapeti having killed one of our Lascarines with an Arrow fled to the Woods his Men made a small stand till 60 were slain and then took the same shelter of the Woods Nicapeti's Wives called Queens and a Grandson of Raju and Nephew of Madune who used to be at Uva with Barreto were taken The Fame of this Victory brought the Inhabitants of the Corlas loaded with Rice to submit themselves to our General at Malvana which had been much distressed but for this unexpected Victory that happened about Iuly 5. The News hereof also moved Anaras Pandar King of Pandar to send his Ambassadors with 32 Portugueses he had Prisoners to treat of Peace Our General sent his Letters to Goa and the Viceroy read them in Council The Contents were That a perpetual Peace should be settled That he would become Tributary to Portugal with the yearly acknowledgment of 4 Elephants and a quantity of Cinnamon That he would repair and restore the Fort of Balane That he would consent to the raising another in Candea That his Kingdom should be confirmed upon him and his three Sons All the Conditions were admitted only in what related to setling the Kingdom on him and his Heirs care should be had that nothing of the Claim the Portugueses have to it were diminished Yet afterwards finding us less formidable he recanted of part of the Conditions and the Peace was concluded only with the yearly Tribute of two Elephants 6. The King of Portugal had a Title to the Kingdom of Iafanapatan that King dying and leaving his Son a Child under the Tuition of his Brother Chingali a fair opportunity was offered of seizing that Crown but other Affairs diverting our Forces the Viceroy ordered Chingalij should continue his Possession with the Title of Governor 7. The Cities of Baçaim and Chaul and Lands of Trapor and Tana were consumed by Discord among the Portugueses and some of them were daily killed Bacaim chiefly was full of Broils occasioned by Ferdinand de Miranda and Andrew de Abreu To suppress these Disorders the Council sent thither Dominick Cardoso de Melo Judge of the Criminal Court and with him D. Peter de Azevedo Commander of the North. We shall hereafter see God's Judgments on that City and the other Places to convince those Men they could not escape his
not so dark with lank Hair some like Mulato's and some up the Inlands whiter yet of both sorts of Hair Of Stature large well made and strong of a clear judgment and apt to learn Every Man has as many Wives as he can or will and turns them off at pleasure and they find other Husbands The Husband gives the Portion saying It is a Recompence for their Fathers by whom they were bred for them Their Funeral Obsequies consist in Feasting the Guests The Mourning in laying aside all marks of Joy cutting the Hair or covering the Face and Body with Clay 5. Their Government is Monarchical the Kings are called Andias Anrias and Dias without any dependance on another They are continually in War the end whereof is rather Plunder than Slaughter No Arms were found among them but some Guns given by the Moors and Hollanders which they do not use and are fearful of them in their own hands Their Merchandize is excellent Amber white Sandal Tortoises Ebony other sweet Woods and abundance of Slaves There is plenty of all sorts of Cattle Their Goat is as sweet as our Mutton They have abundance of Sea-Cows Sea-Horses Monkeys some say Tigers and Snakes not very very venomous No Elephants Horses Asses Lions Bears Deer Foxes nor Hares 6. This is the Island of Madagascar where our Discoverers now were in a large Bay near Masialage in which is an Island half a league round which contains a City of 8000 Inhabitants most of them Weavers of excellent Stuffs made of the Palm-Tree in the Latitude of 16 degrees Here the Moors used to buy Boys whom they carried to Arabia to serve their Lust. The King of this Place was called Samamo with whom Friendship was established and he granted Leave to Preach the Gospel They coasted almost 40 leagues Westward discovering the mouth of the great River Balue in the Latitude of somewhat more than 16 degrees Turning Cape St. Andrew they saw the River and Kingdom of Casame in 17 degrees of Latitude where they found little Water and had much Trouble Here also Amity was established with the King called Sampilla a discreet old Man but in all this way heard no News of the Portugueses sought after About the middle of May on Whiâ—…sunday Mass was said on Shore and two Crosses set up which that King seemed to be pleased at promising to restore them if at any time they fell 7. In the Holy-days they discovered a small Island in 18 degrees of Latitude which they call Espiritu Santo half a degree farther Banks of Sand 9 leagues in length where they were in some danger On Trinity-Sunday they landed further on were again in danger of Sands anchored at the 7 Islands of Cuerpo de Dios in 19 degrees of Latitude near the River and Kingdom Sadia to which they came on the 19th of Iune and found scarce Water enough for Caravels The Kingdom is large the City on the Banks of the River has about 10000 Inhabitants great plenty of Flesh Indian Wheat Tar Tortoises Sandal Ebony and sweet Woods the People black simple but good natured and have no Trade The King's Name was Capitape an ancient Man much respected and very sincere He established Peace and gave his Son to guide our Men and assist them along that Coast. All along this Coast from Massalaje to Sadia which are 130 leagues is used the Language of the Cafres All the rest of the Island uses the Language called Buqua which is the Native 8. Turning towards the South they discovered the Country of the Buques a very wicked and poor People feeding upon the Spawn of Fish The Inland Kings who are more powerful oppress them They passed by the River Mane that of Saume in 20 degrees 15 minutes of South Latitude Manoputa in 20 degrees 30 minutes here they heard of Portugueses Isango in 21 degrees Terrir 21 degrees 30 minutes the 7 Islands of St. Elizabeth in 22 degrees On the 11th of Iuly they came into the Port of St. Felix in 22 degrees and heard somewhat of Portugueses from Dissamuto the King 9. Our Men offering a Silver Chain here for some Provisions the Natives gave it to an old Woman to try whether it was right she said That 3 days Journey down a River there was an Island inhabited long since by a white Warlike People habited like our Men that wore Crosses about their Necks and lived upon Rapine that they easily took what they would being Armed with Spears and Guns Our Men were pleased at this Information and here whilst they were at Mass the Prince of Loquexa with a Black ran away Three Portugueses catched him and he begged they would kill him being brought back and better treated he wholly submitted to their will 10. Passing by the Bay of St. Bonaventure and the mouth of the River Massimanga they entred the Port Santa Clara whither Diamassuto came to them concluded a Peace and on his knees worshipped the Crucifix They were told that white People resorted to the Neighbouring Port which were supposed to be Hollanders Going on they found Banks of Sand not set down in the Charts and entred the Port in 24 degrees of Latitude The People were affable their King's Name Diacomena they said That on the opposite Coast there were Portugueses who had been cast away and fed Cattle that the Hollanders had been there three times and left them four Musketiers with whose help they made War on their Enemies Friendship was established here upon condition they should not again admit the Hollanders Some Inscriptions were found carved on Trees one of them had these words Christophorus Neoportus Anglus Cap. And another Dominus Robertus Schurleius Comes Legatus Regis Persarum 11. In the Latitude of 25 degrees entring a Port they called it of St. Augustin the Name of the Kingdom is Vavalinta the King 's Diamacrinali a Buque who no sooner saw the Portugueses but he said Are these some of the Men of the other Coast This confirmed what had been heard of the Portugueses before and the King being asked said They were 6 days sail thence In September our Men saw Cape St. Mary where they spent 40 days in stormy weather and on St. Luke's day entred the Port of the same Name in the Kingdom of Enseroe The Natives said That half a day's Journey off there were white People with Crosses who had a great Town Randumana the King came to the Caravel and sent one of his Subjects with a Portugues to shew him where he said those White Men were but the Black left our Man half way 12. Among others there came thither to Trade with our Men a King with above 500 fighting Men his Sons almost white their Hair long wearing Gowns and Breeches of Cotton of several colours with Silver Buttons Bracelets and other Jewels of Gold Pearl and Coral This King's Name was Bruto Chembanga his Kingdom called Matacassi borders upon Enseroe on the West He shewed Arabick Books He said The
4000 Ducats for the King and Prince They set out in the beginning of February and being forced to water at the Island Del Cisne or The Swan they saw three Ships sunk at the mouth of a River Our Men landing found 2 leagues from the Shore 20 Hollanders guarding the Goods they had saved They made some opposition but being overcome Freyre carried them to his Pink with a great quantity of Clove Pepper Arms Ammunition and Provision then fired all that was left The Hollanders said They came from the Molucco Islands with a Pass from their Admiral Lawrence Ales. 11. Freyre coming into Port St. Lucas the two Jesuits came to him both sick affirming it was impossible to live there and that those who had been left with them were dead The Captain sent the King the Letters he had for him and a Present by his Nephew D Hierome's Servants The King in return sent 100 fat Oxen much Fowl Honey and 6 Slaves but would not come himself and it was found that his Son D. Andrew fell off from the Faith into Mahometanism The Sadio's and Fansayrâ—…'s are Mahometan Cafres and love the liberty of having many Wives The King was a Fansayrâ—… and now designed to destroy Freyre by Treachery The cause of this Change was a Chingala Slave to the Jesuits who running away from them perswaded the King the Portugueses would deprive him of his Kingdom and undertook to destroy them Many Cafres coming to the Shore to this purpose began a Fray giving F. Almeyda a cuff then Stones and Darts began to fly but our Bullets also flying some were killed and their Quarters hung upon the Trees for an Example and one of their Towns was burnt 12. Emanuel Freyre carried away with him the King's Nephew D. Hierome and a Brother of his taken in the Skirmish with the Cafres who was converted and died at Goa All the Jesuits agreed to desist from that Mission and depart with the Captain though he opposed them and came to Goa where the Viceroy not allowing their weak Excuses much condemned their remisness in that Affair 13. Towards the end of this Year arrived in India D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Redondo who was to succeed the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo and of whom we shall next treat D. Hierome returned to Portugal in the same Ship that had carried the Count and no sooner anchored at Lisbon but he was made Prisoner and put into the Dungeon of the Castle He was disrespectfully treated after a long Imprisonment had a Hearing and then again was worse used The chief Crime laid to his Charge was not fighting the Hollanders 14. He was so rich at his entring upon the Government that Nunno de Cunna telling him after all his Misfortunes he was still worth 4 or 500000 Ducats he answered I am worth that in Cattle Notwithstanding all this Riches he died poor in Prison and the King got nothing by it His Liberality was so great he gave the value of several thousand Ducats in one Present of Curiosities at Ceylon He was of the Ancient and Noble Family of Azevedo a Soldier of Valour and wise Commander and zealous Viceroy 15. But it is not amiss to observe that though this Gentleman could not justly Suffer for the Crimes laid to his Charge yet these his Misfortunes were a Judgment from the Hand of GOD for his extraordinary Cruelty In the height of his Success in Câ—…ylon he forced Mothers to cast their Children between Mill-stones and having seen them ground to Mash they were afterwards Beâ—…eaded 16. He caused the Soldiers to take up Children on the Points of their Pikes and hearing them cry bid them hark how those Cocks crowed Playing upon the likeness of the Names those People being called Gala's and Cocks in Portugues Galo's He caused many Men to be cast off the Bridge of Mâ—…vana for the Souldiers to see the Crocodils devour them And those Creatures were so used to this Food that at a Whistle they would lift their Heads above Water 17. D. Hierome was of a middle Stature thick and swarthy his under Lip hanging and always moist a certain Token of Cruelty He was reduced to such Extremity in Prison that the Society of Iesus maintained and after his Death decently buried him He held the Government almost five Years and was one of them who best deserved it Of Viceroys he is the 22th of Governors the 42th the 1st of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XV. The Government of the Viceroy D. John Coutinno Count de Rodendo from the Year 1617 till 1619. 1. THis Year sailed from Lisbon D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Rodondo with sour Ships one whereof was forced back from the Line During his Government which lasted not two Years compleat there happened wonderful Prodigies Storms Dearths and other Judgments I will give an account of the most remarkable dividing that from what relates to his Government which shall be first spoke of 2. The War continued at Mangalor where Salvador Ribeyro Marinno commanded who being assisted by D. Iames Coutinno Commander in Chief of Malabar took the Field against 11000 Natives and destroyed many with the loss of 6 Men. The little King of that Banguel or District who was our Friend not able to maintain it against his Enemy Bentacanayque made it over to us to defend it Antony de Saldanna was left to command there afterwards D. Francis de Meneses de Bacaim was sent to his assistance with an allowance of 4000 Crowns for now the Wages were grown greater than the Employments The Men landing in disorder the Moors who lost no advantage slew some but the others forming themselves put them to flight For some time they were kept under by 300 Portugueses and 1000 Indians 3. Soon after another Skirmish happening with the Canara's the Plain was covered with the dead Bodies In August the Viceroy sent thither Francis de Miranda Enriquez with 8 sail and by the end of the same Month 4000 of the Enemy were slain with the loss of 800 Portugueses Miranda having taken a rich Ship of the Queen of Olala coming from Meca gave her occasion to assist our Enemy with a good Body of Men they besieged our Fort of Banguel burnt the Town and hereupon followed so sharp an Engagement that though many of the Enemy were slaughtered it was with such loss on our side we had no cause to rejoice Miranda thought to have taken the Fort of Olala by Storm but was repulsed The beginning of the next Year was more unfortunate for Bentacanayque with 12000 Canara's falling upon Luis de Brito Melo who carried Succors and D. Francis de Miranda killed them both with 180 Portugueses and above 60 Slaves The day after the News of this Disaster came to Goa there was found a Lampoon upon the Viceroy the Secretary the Surveyor of the Revenue and the Chancellor laying that and other Misfortunes to their Charge 4. It has been related how Ruy de Melo and
Sampayo and Iames de Cunna executed Salvador Vaz de Guerra at Moçambique The News of that impudent Action brought to Goa so terrified the Judge Francis de Fonseca Pinto then a Prisoner that he made his Escape by Bribes and died in the Country of the Moors 5. The Viceroy sent an Ambassador to the Mogol to desire he would not admit our Enemies the English and Dutch into his Ports F. Emanuel Pineyro a Jesuit went on this Errand The result was that the King took off the Embargo that was upon 200 Sail of ours in his Ports and forbore making War upon Damam and Diu for which purpose he had already detatched 30000 Horse from the Army that was ready to march against the Persians who invaded his Territories His Army consisted of 300000 Horse the Foot innumerable many Thousand Camels 12000 Elephants 6000 Yoke of Oxen drawing as many Carts besides such as carry on their backs like Mules 70000 poor People followed this multitude 6. This multitude being to pass a rapid River that falls from a Mountain he laid over it a wooden Bridge for the Men and broke the Fury of its Course with a Dam for the Beasts to swim over safely A whole Month was spent in passing The Camp was 8 Leagues in compass so regular so beautified with rich Tents and so well supplied with all Necessaries that it looked like a well govern'd City 7. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 3 Ships and 2 Flyboats under the Command of D. Christopher de Noronna Six English Ships lay then about the Cape of Good Hope which taking one of the Flyboats understood the others were coming and lay in wait for them They meeting the English Admiral said He had Orders from his King to seize Effects of the Portugueses to the value of 70000 Crowns for the Damage done by the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo to the 4 English Ships in the Bay of Surat This Sum was immediately paid him and 20000 Ducats more to divide among his Men. Our Admiral no sooner arrived at Goa but he was secured by the Viceroy and sent Prisoner to Lisbon 8. The King of Iorcon came into the River of Malaca with 80 Sail in a miserable condition as who was expelled his Dominions by the King of Achem. Our Officers â—…ing to visit him he desired Assistance against that Enemy which was denied him and yet afterwards they desired the same of the King to oppose the Power of Achem which threatned that Place and was more formidable than it had been till that time 9. A small Squadron was sent from Malaca under the Command of Lope de Sousa to plunder the Hollanders Factory at Iaâ—…e where they found only 4 or 5 Dutch Men with a number of the Natives yet would not attack them for fear of exposing the Son-in-Law and Son of the Commander of Malaca who if not to be exposed ought not to have gone They lost the opportunity of taking a great Sum of Money that was kept there and in stead of plundering that Enemy gained another by destroying some Towns along the Coast. 10. The Tartars having ruined part of the famous Wall of China entred like a Torrent with above a million of Men bearing down Cities and whole Provinces till they drew near the Court of Peking in so terrible a manner that the King was about withdrawing to Nanking But the Chineses recovering of the first Fright fell upon the Tartars and made such a slaughter as obliged them to quit that Province The Jesuits here gained much Esteem having been very serviceable with their Intelligence For an Example to posterity I will relate the Particulars of this Invasion of the Tartars till the Year 1640. 11. When Humvu the first of the Family now reigning in China expelled the Tartars who for 90 Years had been possessed of that Crown he not only recovered what had been lost but conquered the Frontiers of Tartary dividing them into several Governments These in time grew to such a height that they raised themselves into 3 Kingdoms one on the East the other towards the West and the third on the North. The two last immediately cast off the Chinese Yoke the other continued in Obedience till the Chineses seeing it grow powerful without any other occasion resolved to weaken it But the Tartars oppressed taking courage revenged themselves running to Arms and securing a strong Hold in the Province of Leaotung by which and other Actions they became Masters of the Field The other two Kingdoms moved by the hope of Gain joyned with the former and in the Year 1618 which was 300 after Humvn formed a most formidable Army which coming to Battel with that of China no less numerous gave it a total overthrow rather to be attributed to the ill Conduct of the Chineses than Valour of the Tartars The King of China so much neglected his Government he seemed to be in a perfect Lethargy and all the Industry used by his Ministers to awake him was of no effect 12. In fine the Tartars continued the War with such Success that they conquered the Northern Province of Leaotung and forced the Kingdom of Corea to pay them Tribute as they did till then to China After the Tartars were beaten from Peking a Chinese Woman headed some Troops against them and gained great Fame defeating them in several places CHAP. XVI Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. John Coutinno Count De Redondo 1. AT the time the Tartar Invasion appeared most formidable Gonçalo Teyzeyra a Portugues was at Peking having carried thither a Present from the City Macao to the Mandarins he in the Name of the said City offered to assist them with a number of expert Soldiers They accepted the Offer and sent thither him that made it and F. Iohn Rodriguez a Jesuit Four hundred Men were raised in the City most of them Portugueses the rest Chineses bred among them and consequently good Musketiers Every Soldier had a Mulato Servant bought at the King's expence and their Pay was so great they all cloathed themselves in costly Apparel bought the best Arms and yet thought themselves rich They embarked under two Captains Peter Cordero in chief and Antony Rodriguez del Cabo At Quantung the Chineses were astonished at their Volleys and Exercise They were sent in Boats 〈◊〉 the River and well treated Being come to a Mountain they crossed it on â—…ck and then 〈◊〉 â—…oats again crossing almost all the Province of Kiangsi till they came to the Metropolis thereof The People admired their Presence Arms and Garb and because some had their Cloaths slashed said They could not imagine why Men of sense should purposely tear a Stuff that was whole 2. These Men who might have been so serviceable upon this occasion were from that City sent back to Macao The principal Reason is supposed to be That the Chineses of Quantung who are Factors for the Portugueses fearing this might be a means for them to be admitted into the
clove Men with Axes like Trees opened the Wombs of Women and put in their Children snatched from their Arms. These are impieties unworthy a Christian yet sometimes excused in War 4. Oliveyra finding himself thus strong took the Field slew a multitude of the Enemies and gave them a total overthrow Scarce had they breathed after this Victory when the Prince of Remancor appeared with his Army but Teyxera suddenly falling upon him made such havock he was glad to cast himself at Teyxeyra's feet who received him with great Courtesie They returned to give Thanks for this Victory in Our Lady's Church where the Religious at the Door offering Oliveyra a Palm he said it was due to Teyxeyra and caused it to be given to him Both deserved but he doubly who refused once for conquering his Enemies another for overcoming himself in not accepting it A wonderful Victory in our Age. 5. The Arache D. Luis escaped his Wife and Children were taken she in despair slew her self whilst he perswaded the Nayque of Tanjaor he might make himself King of Iafanapatan He raised 2000 Badagaes and gave the Command of them to Chem Nayque that King of the Carcas who not long before assisted Chingali Oliveyra was strong in Our Lady's Church but in November met the Enemy The fight being desperate with some loss on our side he advanced to encourage the Men the Enemy knowing him seven of them attack him and one of them struck a Spear through his Mouth out at his Throat yet he recovering killed two of them the others fled 6. The Enemy retired to their Trenches Oliveyra being reinforced by 1000 Men from Ceylon assaults them kills many and took many more yet after all he ransomed 1500 taken by the Chingalaes and set them at Liberty The Nayque still coveting that Crown raised more Badagaes Oliveyra sent three Captains with their Companies to suppress him they slew so many without losing one Man that being weary of killing they returned with 1000 Heads 7. The Prince Son to the late King of Iafanapatan who had escaped the Tyranny of Chingali being in the Hands of the Franciscans was baptized together with his Mother and many Nobles and Commoners and at last making over his Claim to that Kingdom to the King of Portugal took the Habit of that Order by the Name of F. Constantine of Christ. 8. Chingali who was taken some time before was sent to Goa with his Wife there condemned to Death and being first converted to the Faith made a most happy end His Wife following the Example given by him was baptized by the Name of Margaret of Austria and retiring to the House of the Converts in that City led a Life that may be an Example to all ancient Christians 9. I think I have not specified the cause of these Troubles which was thus Para Raja Cheygra Pandara made Governor and King of Iafanapatan when Andrew Furtado slew the former King wore that Crown 28 Years and hoping the Viceroy would confirm his Choice named a Son of the deceased to succeed him who being but 7 Years of Age he ordered his Brother Areaquerari Pandara should govern till he was of Age him Changali Cumara murdered to usurp the Crown After that he slew many others whereupon the People mutinying reduced him to great Streights till being succoured by a number of Badagaes raised by the Nayque of Tangaor and commanded by the King of the Carcas they came to a Battel wherein Changali being victorious secured the Crown for some time This Tyrant not content that the Portugueses winked at his bad Title refused to pay them the usual Tribute which was the Cause why Oliveyra fell upon and took him as has been related 10. Abas Xa King of Persia being bent upon possessing himself of the Island and Kingdom of Ormus Camberbeque Cam of Lara began to undertake it on pretence an ancient Tribute was not paid him which he never had since Alfonso de Albuquerque entred that Place He hindred the Trade and secured several Portugues Merchants and seeing we did not agree with him about the Trade of his Silks he settled it with Iames King of England concluding a League with him for the taking of Ormuz Ray Freyre de Andrade who came the Year before from Lisbon with 5 Galleons to cruize on that Sea sent to Goa for Succour but could not obtain it tho' he only desired 4 small Vessels 11. Nevertheless Freyre fights the English and worsts them The Arabs joining with the Persians had taken Iulfar and Dola which caused great scarcity of Water at Ormuz where there is none but what is brought from abroad Freyre went over to forward the building a new Fort at Queixome and by his Absence the Fleet before weak was much impaired Then came two Galleons from Goa commanded by D. Emanuel de Azevedo and D. Iohn de Silveyra an Enemy to Freyre they were ill manned and scarce of Ammunitions and brought Instructions that curbed the Power of the Admiral 12. Being now strong at Quixome he scoured that Coast where were burnt 400 Sail and the Towns of Boami Camir Congâ—… Astan and Doçar at Niquilay he took and destroyed four Ships and above 80 great Barques The Persians assisted by the English furiously batter'd the Fort at Queixome yet Freyre carried on his Work and assisted the Arabs that continued firm to us When Freyre was somewhat streightned the two Captains that came with the Galleons to his assistance from Goa left him 13. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 4 Ships under the Command of Nunno Alvarez Botello There came also two Pinks one for Malaca the other for Moçambiqus and two Ships more under Iacome de Morales Sarmiento who was to be General at Moçambique during the War about the Mines of Monomotapa as if he were like to last as long as the War 14. The Ships that came from Portugal under the Command of Botello returned the next Year and with them two more built at Goa with the Men and Loadings of two others one left in India as unfit for the Voyage the other lost at Mombaça In one of these two Ships called the Conception was a Hermit who whilst they Winter'd at St. Helena stole away and being asked why he left the Company said He had rather stay in that desert Island than to go see the Misfortune that Ship would soon fall into Being come to the Island Tercera they found Orders there to make the Lat. of 39 Deg. where they would find D. Antony de Ataide Admiral of Portugal They obeyed but missing of him one Morning at the Mouth of Tagus they met 15 or 16 Sail of Turks Our Ship was ill manned had but few Guns and her Steeridge full of Bails 15. The Turks having powred in their broad-sides boarded the Ship killing 20 Portugueses of 140 that were in her most of them sick yet the Enemy receiving great damage entred with 400 Men who were all slain save 8 or 9 that
dispute 10. The time being come they must return to Siranagar the King would not permit them to depart till they swore they would return and then he promised they should have liberty to Preach and he would build them a Church being much pleased with a Picture they left him of our Lady with our Saviour sleeping in her Arms. The Fathers returned acccording to promise and the King in pursuance of his built the Church with great joy and was afterwards Baptized with the Queen notwithstanding the Lama's for their private Ends did all they could to oppose it The Fathers understood by Merchants who came from China that it was 60 Days Journey distant from that Court travelling through the Kingdom of Usanguâ—… 40 Days Journey from the same Court and thence 20 to China That there were two great Kingdoms where the Cross was much used That Cathay is not a Kingdom but a great City and Metropolis of a Province subject to the Grand Sopo very near China Hence perhaps some gave China the name of Cathay Perhaps this Empire of Tibet is that of Prester Iohn so much spoken of and not Ethiopia as was believed But let us return to India 11. In April 4. Malabar Parao's took a Portugues Ship carrying the Men into slavery under Arcolo a King of the Country opposite to the Place where the famous Fort of Cunnale once stood Among the Prisoners were two Franciscans one whereof proved so acceptable to the King that he was the cause of settling a firm Peace between him and the Viceroy 12. Two Ships arrived from Lisbon which returning home the next Year were lost with the whole Portugues Fleet upon the Coast of France in a terrible Storm and was the greatest Loss Portugal sustained since the time of King Sebastian 13. There being nothing remarkable this Year in India let us see what the Carmelites did in Persia where they got footing in the Year 1604. They soon erected several Convents and confirmed the Armenians who were in danger of falling from the Faith terrified with the Persecution raised by the King of Persia. F. Basil of St. Francis was very successful among those called of Saint Iohn about Bassora In the short space of six Months he Preached in the difficult Persian Arabian and Turkish Languages as if he had part of the gift of Languages peculiar to the Apostles and gained such Reputation that many neighbouring Princes permitted him to Preach and build Churches in their Dominions 14. F. Iohn Thadeus and F. Peter of Saint Thomas went to the City Xiras being sent for by the Sultan thereof where they converted some Mahometans others gave them their Doubts in Writing to be sent to Rome assuring if they were satisfied in those Points there would be no need of Preaching to convert them Veâ—…taviet Moses an Armenian Bishop acknowledged his Error in denying the Supremacy of the Church of Rome and promised to perswade all her Diocess to acknowledge it In fine these Fathers have laboured with great Profit and Success 15. Three Ships sailed this Year from Lisbon to India one of them at his return on this side the Cape Good Hope fought twice with three Dutch Ships and came off with Honour 16. Nunno Alvarez Botello sailing with his Galleons for Mascate there arose such a terrible Storm that it parted all his Company from him and he had much difficulty to perswade his Men in despair to work The Tempest ceasing their Provisions fell snort there was but one Pipe of Water for 500 Men and no Land near where they might be supplied Some died with Thirst others running mad leaped over-board After a Fortnight spent in this miserable Condition they discovered the Land of Rozalgatâ—… always fatal to the Portugueses The Men cried to go ashore but Nunno with fair words and kindness disswaded them and coming to Teve they were relieved without danger 17. Off Surat Nunno discovered six Dutch Ships he gave them câ—…ace but lost them He sailed to Bombaim to refit a Galleon and thence to the Bar of Diu. An English and Dutch Squadron both consisting of 17 Sail sailed to Bombaim thinking to find him there They battered the Fort and mâ—…ting no Opposition burnt the poor Towns along the Coast. A Dutch Captain entring the Church of Our Lady of Hope with his Sword cut to pieces a great Crucifix and burnt part of it He had soon after the Reward of this Barbarity his Ship being burnt by Ruy Freyre and he with all the Men slain Nunno hearing of this Action begged the Crucifix of the Rector vowing to carry it always with him till he had revenged the Wrong or died in the Execution of it So it fell out as will be seen hereafter 18. The King of Achem fitted out a Fleet of 35 Galleys against Malaca D. Francis Coutinno with 16. Sail burnt 34 of them killing or taking 3000 Men and bringing off 800 pieces of Cannon 19. On the 17th of Iune 4 Dutch Ships came before the Port of Macao designing to fall upon the Fleet was ready to sail for Iapan The King's Revenue being low our Commander could act nothing against them some rich Men undertook it in Merchant Ships They fitted out five and boarding the Enemy's Admiral burnt her killing 37 Men taking 50 24 pieces of Cannon a quantity of Ball some Money and much Provisions The other 3 fled 20. Ferdinand de Sousa commanded at Angola and after defending it against two Dutch Squadrons fortified the Coast the space of half a League raising 4 Works planted with Cannon and cast up a Trench at the Bar of Corimba which secured it against any attempt Zinga Queen of Angola went with a great Power to Besiege the Garrison of Ambaça but Iohn Carreyro sending a Company of Portugueses to assist that Lord who was our Friend the Queen was defeated A Body of Men marching to her aid was met by nine Portugueses with a number of Blacks who fled at first sight the nine Portugueses fought till their Pouder was spent and two being killed the other seven were taken which was no small Satisfaction to the Queen and many of the Blacks who before were our Friends hereupon became Neuters 21. Soon after the Queen was defeated and deposed and her Brother Airiquibange Crowned King being become a Christian as did many Persons of Note by his means At Congo the City Salvador was taken by the Prince of Sunne who killing the King placed in his stead D. Ambrose of the same Blood Royal. He proved a wise and religious Prince 22. The beginning of this Year went from Portugal for India but one Ship and a Pink. The latter as it return'd was burnt by the Dutch and the Men made Prisoners But in November 3 Ships more set sail The Viceroy returned to Portugal in the first Ship having resigned the Government to D. F. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim by reason D. Francis Mascarennas appointed to succeed him was gone to Spain The Count this second
time Govern'd above 5 Years He was the 25 th Viceroy and 46th Governor the 6th of the Name and 4th of the Sirname CHAP. III. The Government D. F. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim from the Year 1628 till 1629. 1. THE King having ordered the Count de Vidigueyra to resign the Government to D. Francis Mascarennas then gone to Spain he committed it to D. F. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim There being no account of any thing memorable in this first Year of his Government we will go on to next The first that occurs is what happened at Ceylon 2. Our General Constantine de Sa having declared War against Candea F. Francis Negram sent him advice to attack that City immediately and he might take the King as being wholly unprovided he lost the Opportunity by only a short Delay about other Affairs Nevertheless the City was destroyed with Fire and Sword 3. The King of Achem imflamed with the Desire of recovering Malaca contrary to the Laws of Nations imprisoned our Ambassador then residing at his Coâ—…t and made extraordinary Preparations for a Siege as designing to undertake it in Person Laçamane his great General who had conquered many Kings for him opposed this Resolution for which he lost his Prince's Favour 4. Marraja ambitious by Flattery to gain his Prince's Esteem promised the King to make him soon Master of that so much coveted Town and hereupon had the Command of the Sea given him as Laçamane that of the Land The King set out with a Fleet of near 250 Sail in which he carried 20000 Men and a great Train of Artillery In this number of Vessels were fortyseven Galleys of extraordinary Strength Beauty and Value all near One hundred Foot in length and of a proportionable breadth The King went aboard with his Treasure Wife and Children but upon some ill Omen the Fleet sailed without him and came before Malaca at the beginning of Iuly 5. As they landed they marched towards the Castle that is between the City and Pangor Antony Pinto de Fonseca with 200 Men charges them and kills above 300 without losing a Man Iohn Suarez Vivas who commanded 350 Portugueses at Iller after doing great Execution among the Enemy on several occasions overpower'd by their numbers was forced to abandon that Post. 6. The Enemy having gained Mount St. Iohn thence battered the Fort furiously which answered with no less liberality The Capuchin Convent of the Mother of God was of importance to the defence of the Fort Iames Lopez de Fonseca having defended it 50 Days made a Sally with 200 Men defeating 2000 of the Enemy Lopez falling sick Francis Carvallo de Maya took that Post and defended it so well that the Enemy was provoked to batter it with such Fury that the Monastery was abandoned being levelled with the Ground Out of those Ruins the Enemy raised good Works where Laçamane held his Quarter with 3000 Men. Maraja had another large Fort upon Mount St. Iohn there was another towards Iller another at St. Laurence and so in other Places with Lines of Communication They provided Boats to run up the River and straiten the Town on all sides 7. Our General Fonseca desiring to disturb Laçamane sent Vivas with 220 Portugueses to attack his Works He killing 100 and the rest flying possessed himself of the Work by Night and retired with some of the Cannon The King of Pam our Allye understanding the Posture of our Affairs sent a Fleet with 2000 Men to the assistance of the Town Next came Michael Pereyra Borallo with five Sail from St. Thomas but all was too little to remove so powerful an Enemy though they had lost above 4000 Men having killed but 60 of ours This was the Condition of the Town at the end of October when Nunno Alvarez Botello arriv'd there 8. The Bishop then Governor was informed of this Design upon Malaca in Iune and of the weakness of the Place which required a speedy Relief It was then the dead of Winter and the Bishop was not very forward so the business was put off till September The Bishop falling sick minded the Recovery of his Health more than the Town and was put in mind by the principal Men of Goa moved thereto by Nunno Alvarez Botello of the great danger that Place would be exposed to if not speedily relieved They desired him to appoint some Person who might forward that Business since sickness hindred him He after seeming to approve of what they said could never be prevailed with to name any fearing perhaps he so named would wrest the Government from him sooner than Death 9. But Death took him away about the end of Iuly that those who were Ambitious to relieve Malaca might put their Designs in Execution That Bishop governed nineteen or twenty Months was the Forty-seventh Governor second of the Name first of the Sirname and the second Prelate that had that Command CHAP. IV. Of the Viceroy D. Francis Mascarennas in the Year 1628 with sundry Occurrences at Pegu Martavam Prom Siam and other Places 1. DON Francis Mascarennas had served so well in India that without solliciting he was appointed Viceroy there at the same time he was coming for Spain Being arrived here he was sent back this Year with the same Title and sailed from Lisbon with three Ships only one of them reached India the other two with the Viceroy were put back to Lisbon 2. In the Viceroy's Ship a Gentleman was taken actually committing an abominable Crime whom the Viceroy caused to be shot in pieces at the mouth of a Cannon He He was accused of this Action as not having power of Life and Death being at that time upon his return yet he was well received at Court and sworn of the Council of State of Portugal He may be reckoned the 27th Viceroy and 48th Governor the 7th of the Name and 4th of the Sirname 3. Since this Gentleman not passing to India has deprived us of the worthy Actions might be expected from him let that Want be supplied with an account of Exploits of the Black King of Siam in whom appeared a strange mixture of Virtues and Vices Much has been said of him already whereof some hints shall be given here and all that was before omitted added 4. In the Year 1544 the King of the Brama's by Sea and Land besieged the City Martavam Metropolis of the great and flourishing Kingdom of that Name whose Yearly Revenue was 3 Millions of Gold Chaubainaa being then King and Nhay Caâ—…otoo Queen thereof who from the height of Fortune fell to the depth of Misery The Brama Fleet consisted of 700 Sail 100 of them great Galleys In them were 700 Portugueses commanded by one Iohn Caeyro reputed a Man of Valour and Conduct 5. After a Siege of 7 Months and 5 Assaults wherein the Brama's lost 12000 Men Chaubainaa found it was impossible to withstand that Power Provision being already so scarce they had eaten 3000 Elephants He
offered to Capitulate but no Conditions were allowed by the Besieger and therefore resolved to make use of the Portugueses to whom he had always been very just and serviceable But Man never remembers Favours received in Prosperity of those he sees in Adversity 6. The disconsolate King sent one Seixas to Cayero to offer if he would receive him his Family and Treasure into the four Ships under his Command he would give half the Treasure to the King of Portugal become his Vassal and pay such Tribute as should be agreed upon not doubting with the assistance of 2000 Portugueses who should be maintained at his own Expence to recover his Kingdom Caeyro consulted the principal Portugueses and in their presence asked of Seixas what the Treasure of Martavans was who affirmed he had not seen all but that of what he had two of our Ships might be loaded with Jewels and Gold and 4 or 5 of Silver The Portugueses envious of the great Fortune Cayero might make by accepting that Offer threatned to discover him to the King of Brama if he consented 7. The King of Martavam surprized at this refusal and seeing Seixas took his leave to fly the Danger that threatned the City gave him a pair of Bracelets excusing the smallness of the Gift and they were afterwards sold to the Governour of Narsinga for 80000 Ducats Then he resolved to fire the City and sallying with those few Men he had left die honourably among his Enemies But that night an Officer with 4000 Men dedeserted to the Enemy and discovered the Design The King thus betrayed Capitulated with the Enemy for his own and the Lives of his Wife and Children and leave to end his Days in Retirement This and more was granted easily because the Conquerour designed to perform no part of the Promise 8. From the City Gate to the King of Brama's Tent was a league distance all which way was a Lane of many thousand Musketiers of sundry Nations and next the Gate were posted the Portugueses The first came out was the Queen in a Chair her two Daughters and two Sons in two others About them 40 beautiful Ladies led by as many ancient ones encompassed with Talegrepos a sort of Religious Men among them habited like our Capuchins who prayed and comforted them Then came the King guarded by his Enemies seated on a small She-Elephant cloathed in black Velvet his Head Beard and Eye-brows shaved and a Rope about his Neck which moved even the Enemy to compassion 9. The unfortunate King seeing the Portugueses would not stir one foot till they were removed from that Post and that done went on Being come before the King of Brama he cast himself at his Feet but not being able to speak for Grief the Raolim of Mounay Talaypor Chief Priest of those Gentiles and esteemed a Saint made an Harangue in his behalf of force to have moved to Compassion any other but that obdurate King The miserable King his Queen Children and Ladies were secured The two following days were spent in removing the Treasure at which 1000 Men laboured and it amounted to 100 Millions of Gold The third day the Army had liberty to plunder which lasted four days and was valued 12 Millions Next the City was burnt wherein perished by Fire and Sword above 60000 Souls besides as many made Slaves 2000 Temples and 40000 Houses were laid even with the Ground There were in the Town 6000 Pieces of Cannon 100000 Quintals of Pepper and as much of other Spices 10. The morning that followed this Destruction there appeared on a Hill called Beydao 21 Gibbets with a strong Guard of Horse Thither was led the Queen with her Children and Ladies in all making 140 and were all hanged up by the Feet The King and 50 Men of great Quality were cast into the Sea with Stones about their Necks The Army seeing this Barbarity mutinied and the King was in great danger 11. He leaving People to Rebuild the ruined City returned to Pegu with the rest of his Army and among them Iohn Caeyro and his 700 Portugueses Of these four stayed at Martavam one of them was Iohn Falcam who in stead of assisting Fernan Mendez Pinto sent by Peter de Faria Commander of Malaca to confirm the Peace with the murdered King accused him to the Governour of the Town as an Enemy to the King of Brama The Governour seized Pinto's Vessel and in it Goods to the value of 100000 Ducats killed the Master and some others and sent the rest Prisoners to Pegu. This false Dealing was not new in Falcam for he had before forsaken the murdered King after being much honoured by him 12. The King of Brama who thought now to reap the Fruit of his Victories in Peace was alarmed by him of Siam who attempted to recover the Kingdom of Tangu which had been wrested from him In March 1546 he embarked 900000 Men on 12000 Vessels upon the River Ansedaa and passing out of it into that called Pichau Malacon in April came before the City Proâ—… The King hereof was dead and had left a Son to inherit but 13 Years of Age married to the King of Avaa's Daughter from whom he expected 60000 Men would come to his Assistance This moved the King to press the Siege hoping to gain the City before that Succour could come After 6 days the Queen offered to hold the Crown of him and pay what Tribute he should impose provided he would draw off from the City 13. The King insisted that the Queen should put herself into his hands with all her Treasure but she knowing how perfidious he was resolved to defend herself He gave several Assaults and by the Sword in them and a Plague that raged in the Army lost 80000 Men among which were 500 Portugueses 14. This way of Assault proving so pernicious he raised a Mount which overlooking the Town and being full of Cannon left no place of safety to the besieged but 5000 of them sallying destroyed the Mount killed 15000 of their Enemies carried off 80 Cannons and wounded the King who in a rage slew 2000 Portugueses that were upon the Guard as negligent of their Duty 15. About the end of August Xemin Melatay one of the four principal Men that commanded in the City treacherously gave him entrance and the Place was utterly subverted with Fire and Sword Two thousand Children cut in pieces were served as Food for the Elephants The Queen was publickly whipped and delivered up to the Lust of the Soldiers till she died The young King was tied to her dead Body and cast into the River the same was done with 300 Gentlemen after Stakes were drove through their Bodies 16. The Prince of Avaa marching to the relief of his Sister understood what had happened and meeting the Traytor Xemin that had betrayed her leading a great Power they came to a Battel in which all the Avaa's were slain to 800 having made an incredible slaughter of their Enemies The King
coming up fell upon those 800 and slew them all with the loss of 12000 of his Army and then beheaded the Traytor Xemin 17. After this Victory he went up the River Queytor with 60000 Men in 1000 Boats and coming to the Port of Avaa about the middle of October burnt above 2000 Vessels and some Villages with the loss of 8000 Men and among them 62 Portugueses He understood the City was defended by 20000 Moors 30000 of which People had at Meleytay slain 150000 of his Army and that the King of Siam was preparing to come to their Relief Upon this News he returned with speed to Prom and fortified himself whilst an Ambassador went to purchase Succours from the Emperor of Calaminam with rich Presents and the offer of certain Lands 18. The Empire of Calaminam is said to be 300 leagues in length and as much in breadth formerly divided into 27 Kingdoms all using the same Language beautified with many Cities and great Towns and very fruitful In it is to be found all that Asia produces The Metropolis is called Timpham seated on the River Pitui which is covered with multitudes of Boats It is girt by two strong and beautiful Walls contains 400000 Inhabitants the Buildings good especially some stately Palaces with fine Gardens in and about it are 2500 Temples belonging to 24 several Sects Some use bloody Sacrifices and some of the Priests abstain from Women but satisfie their Lust by such ways it were better they did not abstain The Women are well shaped fair and beautiful though beautiful they are chast two Qualifications seldom go together Their Habit suitable to their Quality not the Purse The great ones are served in Gold In their Law Suits O happy Country they use no Attorneys Sollicitors not Prâ—…ctors all Things are decided at one Hearing The Kingdom maintains 1700000 Soldiers 400000 of them Horse 6000 Elephants whereof the Emperor styles himself Lord by reason of their numerousness his Revenue is above 20 Millions There remain some footsteps of Christianity from ancient Times among them as that they believe the Blessed Trinity and make the sign of the Cross when they sneeze 19. This was the Empire of Calaminnam whither the King of Brama sent his Ambassador He being returned the King sent 150000 Men in 1300 Boats against the City Sebadii 130 leagues distant towards the North-East The General Chaunigrem having lost many Men in several Assaults raised two Mounts whence he did great harm in the City but the Besieged sallying killed at once 8000 another time 5000 of his Men. Let us a while leave the King of Brama's Affairs in this condition to see what was done at Siam in order to treat of them both together 20. The King of Cheammay after destroying 30000 Men that guarded the Frontiers besieged the City of Guitirvam belonging to the King of Siam who immediately gathered 500000 Men among which were 120 Portugueses much honoured by him This multitude was conveyed along the River in 3000 Boats and by Land marched 4000 Elephants and 200 Pieces of Cannon He found the Enemy had about 300000 Men and 2000 Boats The Siammite gave the Command of his Army to three Generals two Turks and one Portugues called Dominick Seixas At first the Siammite was worsted but recovering defeated his Enemy killing 130000 Men whereof almost 40000 were good Horse This Victory cost him 50000 but of the worst of his Army 21. This done he marched against the Queen of Guibem who had given the Enemy passage through her Country and entring the City Fumbacor spared neither Sex nor Age. The Queen being besieged in her Court of Guiror agreed to pay a Tribute of 60000 Ducats and gave her Son as Hostage Then he advanced towards the City Taysiram whither he thought the King of Chiammay was fled putting all to Fire and Sword only sparing the Women then Winter coming on returned home 22. Being come to his Court of Oiaa or Odiaz he was poisoned by the Queen then big with Child by one of her Servants but before he died caused his eldest Son then young to be declared King He left 30000 Ducats to the 120 Portugueses that served him and ordered they should pay no Duties in any of his Ports for 3 Years to come 23. The Adulterous Queen being near the time of her Delivery poisoned her lawful Son married her Servant and caused him to be proclaimed King But they enjoyed not the Crown long being both slain at a Feast on the second of February by the King of Cambodia and Oya Pansiloco with all their Adherents CHAP. V. Continues the Affairs of the Kings of Siam and Pegu. 1. THERE being no lawful Heir to the Kingdom of Siam Pretiel a Religious Talagrepo bastard Brother to the poisoned King was by common Consent received as such in the beginning of the Year 1549. The King of Brama or Pegu for it is the same seeing the Affairs of Siam in Consusion resolved to conquer that Kingdom He raised an Army of 800000 Men among which were 1000 Portugueses 40000 Horse 60000 Musqueteers 20000 Elephants 1000 Cannon drawn by as many Yoke of Oxen and Abadas and 1000 Waggons of Ammunition drawn by Bufaloes The Portugueses were commanded by Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego who came to India in the Year 1538 in 1542 was Pyrating about Moçambique in 1547 was at the Relief of Malaca and in 1549 being in the Service of this King was worth four Millions in Jewels and other things of value had a Pension of 200000 Ducats yearly and the Title of the King's-Brother was supream Governour of all his Dominions and General of his Army 2. The King marched with that prodigious multitude and after one repulse took the Fort of Tapuram defended by 2000 Siammites putting all to the Sword with the loss of 3000 of Men. By the way the City Iuvopisam surrendred and he sate down before Odiaa the Capital of Siam which seemed to make no account of that great Power Iames Suarez who commanded in chief surprized hereat gave an assault and lost 10000 Men. Another attempt was made with Elephants but with no better success 3. The King offered 500000 Ducats to have a Gate of the City delivered to him Oya Pasiloco who commanded in the Town understanding it opened a Gate and sent to tell him he might bring the Money for he was ready to receive it The Tyrant had no answer to make but continuing the Siege with vigour was forced to flacken upon the coming of the new King Five Months being spent with the loss of 150000 Men News was brought that Xemindoo a Man of great Parts had rebelled at Pegu and killed 15000 Men that opposed him As soon as this was known in the Camp 120000 Pegues deserted in hatred to that Foreign Ring that oppressed and to the Insolence of Iames Suarez who commanded them 4. Xemindoo was of the ancient Blood Royal of Pegu a great Preacher and esteemed a Saint He
Ebony Brasil and Angelin There are many Mines of Sulphur Salt-Petre Tin Iron Silver Gold Zaphirs and Rubies much Sweetwood Benjamin Wax Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and Cardamum Sugar Honey Silk and Cotton The King's Revenue is about 13 Millions In his Dominions are almost 13000 Cities and Towns besides innumerable Villages All the Towns are walled the People for the most part timorous weak and unarmed The Coast reaches to both Seas on that of India are Iunzalam and Tanauzarim on that of China Mompolocota Cey Lugor Chinbu and Perdio CHAP. VI. Of the Governor Nunno Alvarez Botello in the Year 1629. 1. THE Bishop late Governor being deceased and the next Patent of Succession opened there appeared two named D. Laurence de Cunna Commander of Goa for the Civil Government and Nunno Alvarez Pereyra for the Military Of this last Name there were two in India or none for if D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra a Gentleman well known was meant there wanted the Title of Don and if Nunno Alvarez Botello the Sirname was wrong 2. It was thought unlikely the Title of Don could be omitted through a mistake because in Portugal it is peculiar to some Families only and therefore could not be forgot The mistake as to Nunno Alvarez Botello was more probable because he had long gone by the Name of Pereyra in memory of his Grandfather Alvarez Pereyra and changed Pereyra for Botello when he inherited the Estate of his Father Botello yet some called him by the one and some by the other Name For this Reason and because the Counsel of Goa and the Count de Linnares when he came to India allowed Nunno Alvarez Botello as such I have given him this Place among the Governors of India 3. Nunno Alvarez Botello zealous of the Honor of his Country and considering how dangerous Delays might prove to Malaca then in distress undertook the Relief of that Place saying he would refer the Decision of the Debate about his or the others Right to the Government till his return Nevertheless by general Consent he went with the Title of Governor Afterwards it was concluded by the Counsel of Goa that Gonçalo Pinto de Fonseca the High Chancellor should have the Charge of the Administration of Justice Thus the whole Government was divided between Cunna Fonseca and Nunno 4. Nunno now admitted as Governor left the Palace to go live upon the Shore to be the more at hand to forward the Preparations for his Design wherein he used such Diligence that having that Charge committed to him on the 2d of August by the beginning of September he had gathered 900 Portugueses a good Train of Artillery store of Arms and Ammunition and had 30 Sail ready to put to Sea if the Weather had permitted 5. He set Sail the 22th of September and was in 4 Storms 2 of them so terrible they all gave themselves for lost In this manner he sailed to Pulubutum and sent 2 Vessels to give notice of his coming at Malaca but came himself before the Advice and understood that Michael Pereyra Botello sent by the Bishop late Governor was there before him At Pulubutum he found a Vessel of Cochim and two of Negapatan which was some addition to his Fleet. On the 22th of October after Noon the Fleet arrived at Malaca divided into 3 Squadrons Nunno commanded one the Vice-Admiral Coello and D. Hierome de Silveyra the other two Laçamane was strangely surprized because his Fleet was then in the River Pongor a League from the Fort whence they could not escape ours 6. Our General landed and gave the necessary Orders then imbarquing again entred the River through showers of Bullets which he repaid so effectually that the Enemy the same Night abandoned their advanced Works retiring to those of the Capuchin Monastery There was not Water enough in the River Pongor for our Ships therefore our General put what Men he could aboard 33 Balones or Balames lighter Vessels and with them went in Person to view the Enemy's Strength 7. The Enemy in care for their Galleys quit their Works at Madre de Dios and St. Iohn and with wonderful Expedition cast up others Nunno attacks them and gained so much advantage he proposed to the Enemy to surrender Marraja returned a civil and resolute Answer 8. His Case being desperate he attempted to escape by Night in the lesser Vessels leaving the main Fleet to our disposal but was discovered and prevented by the vigilance and bravery of Beltasar Mendez Vasquez de Evora who cut off many of his Men not without some Loss whereof was no small part that of his own Arm. Our Governor understanding the Enemy resolved to make use of their formidable Galleys prepared to receive them and perceiving that called The Terror of the World move sent Francis Lopez Admiral of our Galleys to attack her He pierced through Clouds of smoke and millions of Bullets boards and after two hours fight makes himself Master of her killing 500 of 700 Moors she carried with the loss of seven of his own Men. 9. On the 25th of November the Enemy firing a Galley that was full of Women brought to People Malaca and now sent to People Hell again attempted to break through our Fleet but without success many of them were taken and many leaping into the Water fled to the Woods where they were devoured by wild Beasts Laçamane hanging out a white Flag sent Commissioners to treat with Nunno who answered No Treaty could be allowed till they delivered our Ambassador Peter de Abreu whom they kept Prisoner But they delaying our Cannon began again to play furiously 10. The last Day of November our Governor understood Marraja was killed and at the same time that our Allye the King of Pam was coming with 100 Sail to his assistance Nunno went to visit him and his Mother who came with him and was received with the greatest Ceremonies used by those Eastern Princes to our Governors Presents were sent reciprocally and Nunno returned to his Post. The Enemy played their Cannon so desperately it made our Men abate of their Confidence but on the 4th of December sent our Ambassador Abreu with Proposals only desiring 3 Galleys of all their Fleet to carry off 4000 Men that were left of 20000 that came before the Town 11. It was answered they must immediately surrender upon promise of Life Whilst Laçamane doubted Nunno assaults him and forcing all his Works puts many to the Sword some flying to the River are drowned others in the Woods become food to the wild Beasts In fine Nunno obtain'd the most glorious Victory the Portugueses ever had in India for of all that Fleet not one Vessel got off and of that great Army not a Man escaped being killed or taken The Booty was such all our Men were enriched and Nunno reserved for himself nothing but a Parrot much valued by Laçamane 12. He distributed the Cannon that was taken among the Forts of India the Galleys and Slaves among the Religious
whatever she has belonging to the Crown for ever the Revenues of Military Orders she is possessed of for four Lives after her with 1500 Ducats Pension from others and 1000 more during her Life And if the Kingdom were in a better condition I would bestow a great Estate on her Nunno Alvarez was the 49th Governour and D. Laurence de Cunna may be reckoned the 50th CHAP. VIII The Government of the Viceroy D. Michael de Noronna Count De Linnares from the Year 1629 till 1635. 1. THis Year sailed from Lisbon D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares Viceroy of India with three Ships and six Galleons One of them was cast away near the Cape of Good Hope and not a Man of 400 that were aboard saved 2. When the Count arrived at Goa Nunno Alvarez Botello was gone for Malaca and all Men promised themselves good success when about the beginning of the Year came the News of the Victory by him obtained The Viceroy returned Thanks to the King of Pam for the Succours he carried to Malaca and sent him Presents In the same manner he endeavoured to oblige the Neighbouring Kings and honoured the Admiral Antony Pinto de Fonseca for his good Service 3. Constantine de Sa who Commanded in Ceylon puffed up with the Honour of having destroyed the City Candea and relying too much upon the Fidelity of the Christian Chingala's who underhand held Correspondence with that King for our Destruction gave too much Credit to Theodosius their Captain by whom his Head was promised to the King at the same time he promised D. Constantin to deliver the King into his hands D. Constantin had more faith in that Traytor than in the Franciscan who being among the Enemy sent him intelligence or in his own Officers who foresaw his Ruin which soon followed 4. He marched from Columbo leaving that Fort with almost no Garison entred the Kingdom of Uva with 400 Portugueses and destroyed the Capital City As he returned after this Victory the King of Candea who had left that Town as a Bait to draw him on meets him with a great Power D. Theodosius and his Chingala's no sooner discovered the King's Forces but they went over to him and faced the Portugueses whom they served the moment before 5. The 400 Portugueses and 200 Natives that remained with them fought three days with incredible bravery The General D. Constantin having done more than Man was slain and then his Men being broke many were put to the Sword and many made Prisoners The King of Candea understanding how weak the Garison of Columbo was sate down before it with 50000 Men and a number of Elephants believing the Natives had as was agreed murdered those few Portugueses left there But they seeing farther than their General had destroyed those were to kill them and so the King was disappointed The Death of D. Constantin being known Lancelot de Seixas succeeded him in the Command and being in that Distress did more than could have been expected from so small a Force 6. He distributed 400 Men which was his whole Strength including the Religious among the most important Posts who behaved themselves so well the King found he had a harder Task in hand than at first he had imagined But Hunger was a more dangerous Enemy within the Walls than the other without This was much increased by the useless multitude of Women and Children notwithstanding D. Philip Mascarennas Commander of Cochin sent a Ship loaden with Provision and Ammunition to their Relief D. Blas de Castro five from St. Thomas and the Viceroy one Yet all their Hope was in Nunno Alvarez Botello not knowing as yet of his unfortunate End 7. The Inhabitants of Cambolim à Peninsula 40 leagues from Goa and in sight of Cananor offered the Viceroy leave to build a Fort there upon certain Conditions Iames de Fonseca Commander of Zofala was sent to carry on that Work Being begun it was interrupted by Virabadar Hayque the Usurper of the Kingdom of Canara After much opposition finding it could not be obstructed he made a Virtue of Necessity and seemed to be well satisfied it should go on The principal Article of the Cambolims was That no Religious but those of St. Francis should be sent thither At this time arrived at Goa two Ships from Portugal one of them returning was lost upon the Bar of Lisbon 8. It is doubtless those who are destined to perish unfortunately meet their Fate even where they thought to find their safety this will appear by the loss of the Ship St. Gonzalo some of the Men whereof being taken up by that mentioned in the last Paragraph were cast away in her I will therefore give some account of the loss of the said Ship St. Gonzalo in relation to the other This Vessel having set out from Goa with two others finding after being parted from her Company that she could not be kept above Water they made the shore and came to an Anchor in the Bay called Formosa for its largeness being 3 leagues over exposed to no Winds but the East North-East and South-East and lies near the Cape of Good Hope 9. Being come to anchor they ought whilst the Weather favoured to have landed the Men and Goods that were not before cast overboard but in stead of that at the persuasion of some Officers they attempted to suck the Ship dry in order to sail again Three Men were let down one after another to clear the Pump and returned not then a fourth being put down with a Rope about him and brought up almost dead it appeared the Steam of the Pepper which had taken wet killed them 10. In order to refit the Ship 100 Men landed and 130 remained aboard who after 50 days perished together with the Ship by a sudden Storm being beaten to pieces upon the Coast. The 100 Men left ashore built Huts because it would be long before they could find the means of going to Sea which were only by building two small Vessels out of the Wreck and the Trees on the Mountain The Captain being old and sick gave the Men leave to choose another and they pitched upon Rocque Borges who behaved himself well but one Simon de Figueyredo in that misery ambitious of Command endeavouring to kill him missed his Design yet grievously wounded him but Borges recovering stabbed him and all was quiet again 11. They sowed some Seeds and reaped the Fruit mean while they lived upon Rice that had been saved some Fish taken and Cows and Sheep they bought of the Natives for Iron The Language of these Natives could not be understood therefore they had recourse to Signs They are not quite black go naked cover their Privy Parts with a Skin in Winter wear Cloaks of the same about their Necks hang Bulls Pizles their Bodies anointed with the Dung of those Beasts they make sudden stops in their Speech carry Fox tails in their Hands to make Signs with have
the King of Mombaça saw the Coast clear he made use of his own and our two Ships left there to get away He imbarqued all the Artillery razed the Fort and City destroyed all Fruit-trees and then sailed with his Treasure some Moors and some Native Christians to the Coast of Arabia That Place lay 2 Months desolate before any of our People knew it and might have been so much longer had not some Moors advertised Peter Rodriguez Botello who was at Zanzibar and immediately went over to Mombaça where beginning to build he found 5 or 6 Servants of Portugueses that had lain hid in the Woods when that Destruction happened 15. Mean while at Goa the Viceroy was accused for sending D. Francis de Mourâ—… upon that Expedition and he for want of Conduct and coming away too soon The Viceroy excused himself and put the other upon his Tryal desiring Toral to take the Guilt upon himself by saying he had voted for coming away which he refused and was 2 Months in Prison without any cause shown At last he was released to accompany D. Roderick de Costa who towards the end of this Year was going to discover certain Islands but meeting two Dutch Ships about Damam had his Head struck off by a Cannon Ball the first Charge so the Fleet returned without doing any thing D. Francis de Moura was cleared of that Impeachment being honoured at Madrid 16. The Hollanders lying at Pulolaor intercepted most of our China Fleet which enabled them to relieve all their Forts and Factories This great Booty cost them no Blood because we had no fighting Ships on that Sea all being imployed at Mombaça and Ceylon 17. The Persecution of the Christians continued at Iapan but there were hopes it would cease the Emperor lying very ill In China they were alarmed by the Tartars Nababo Azafacan Father-in-Law to King Corran with the Army of the Mogol besieged Visapor and some time after drew off with great loss sustained by Want and Sickness The Mogol so highly resented this Misfortune that he removed Nababo though his Favourite and preferred to that place Mobatecan his Enemy a Man of great Repute among the Soldiers Thus ended this Year much dreaded in India without any known reason every Body saying before it came Ob that the Year 32 were past CHAP. XI Of the Recovery of Ceylon during the Government of the Viceroy the Count de Linnares 1. AFter the Natives had left but a small part of the Island Ceylon in our Possession the Kings of Matale Uva and Candea with 20000 Men came to Besiege Columbo the chief Place then in our hands The Besieged were reduced to that Extremity it is said they eat the Dead and some Mothers their own Children Then came in five Ships sent by the Viceroy rather to take up the Cinnamon was to be sent to Portugal than relieve the Place But the Besiegers thinking it was Relief raised the Siege D. Philip de Mascarennas went over from Cochin to Ceylon with a Pink loaden with Provisions and well manned at his own expence which was a great help to that Place 2. The Viceroy gave the Command of General of Ceylon to D. George de Almeyda who set out on the 19th of February 1631 in the great Galley taken by Nunno Alvarez Botello when he destroyed the Fleet of Achem This Vessel tho' large being not sound enough to endure any Storm might rise a Flyboat that went loaded with Provisions was ordered to keep close always with D. George which soon left him and was the cause that many perished 3. The Galley having coasted as far as Cape Comori and then striking over to Ceylon a Storm arose and it appeared impossible to save her D. George perceiving she must perish launched the Boat and got into it with 29 Persons whereof 4 were Religious This was done so late and with such precipitation that there was not in the Boat Provision for one meal The Night was spent in lading out the Water the Sea and Rain brought into the Boat In the Morning discovering a Sail at a distance tho' D. George assured them in 3 or 4 Days he would bring them to Maldivia they made towards it and coming near found it was their own Galley then sinking 4. With much trouble on the 4th Day they reached one of the Maldivia Islands about evening This was at a time that the Natives keep a Fast of 30 Days during which time they eat nothing between Sun and Sun and do nothing but gormandise all the Night Here D. George stayed 30 days spending what he had got to maintain his Men and got some Shipping to go over to the Coast of India The Men made a sort of Habitation but D. George lay in his Boat to be always the readier against the Moors who kept them always upon their Guard There was a vast number of Mosquitoes or Gnats that made the Blood run where they stung next followed a Sickness which none were free from and was cured by Bleeding two died of it one a Franciscan The King of the Islands writ to D. George condoling his Misfortunes and sending him a parcel of Rice 5. Being provided with all Necessaries they sailed to Cochim where D. George lay sick a long time When he was somewhat recovered there came to that Port 2 Pinks sent by the Viceroy to the Relief of Ceylon with 500 Cafres 800 Canaraes some Portugueses 40000 Xerasins which are worth about a piece of Eight each Provisions and Ammunition D. George embaâ—…qued with them having raised some more Men sailed from Cochim on the 17th of October and arrived at Columbo the 21th He marched not presently towards the Enemy though censured upon that account by reason the Season being wet that Country which is for the most part plain is boggy and overflowed Besides the Trees are full of Leeches which drop down upon Men as they pass and bleed them to Death 6. The Season being somewhat more favourable D. George marched on the 5th Day of Ianuary 1632 and passed the River Calane towards the North. Six Ships were ordered to go up the River with several Pieces of Cannon but only two could perform it The first day they could march but one League and quartered at Calane Next Morning having heard Mass they marched with great difficulty by reason of the Bogs and Waters through which they waded up to the Breast Besides the Enemies Musketiers endeavoured to hinder our Passage about the Fort called Tranqueyragrande but many of them were slain our General giving 3 or 4 Pistols for every Head that was brought him This Pass being cleared they advanced to another where the Enemy appeared again Our General went himself to view it and returning disposed his Men to attack those Works in which were almost 6000 Men. It was done with such fury that many of the Enemy being killed the rest fled firing all they left behind Our Army advanced to Maluana where they found only 3
and Theft and no less begging or borrowing Poverty nor any other Misfortune that depends not of the Will is not looked upon as disgraceful for they will no way allow Honour to depend upon Fortune 5. Withal there is no Faith among them even between Father and Son but it is a Disgrace for a Man to be open-hearted Hence it proceeds they commonly Murder one another in their Embraces Subjects do the same to their Princes and Servants to Masters Thus Rebels are caressed by their Sovereigns for all their study is conveniency Mothers instead of suckling strangle their Children some kill themselves to save receiving an Affront and the Sick have no Relief for all fly from them and when dead throw them like Beasts on a Dunghill They are not only given to Women but much more to Sodomy 6. If two happen to lie together each lays his Head at the other's Feet Neither Men nor Women wear any thing on their Heads only the great Men when they travel go under an Umbrello they mount on Horseback on our off-side Instead of bowing when they meet they draw back their Foot out of the slipper more or less when the Inferior sees a Superior he sits down They value pretious Stones no more than Straws any piece of Antiquity they esteem at extravagant Rates of what sort soever The King of Bango gave 13000 Crowns for a Vessel among us not worth a Groat They have the same value for any draught of a famous Master or for a Blade of a Sword or Hanger 7. Their Mourning is white and their festival Apparel black the same is used by the Chineses The Men varnish their teeth the Women their hair Our Musick to them is ungrateful they delight in those Instruments that make most noise Their Fish they eat raw and hate Milk or any thing made of it calling it unconcocted Blood Beef or Mutton is never eaten but in the utmost Extremities as loathsom Vermin among us the Wheat they make like the Italians into Vermicheli or Macaroli and drink Water boil'd with the Herb Cha hot sipping it this I believe is our Tea The Service of their Tables differs from ours the Vessels are all of Gold or Porcelane for the Silver is all coined into Money Our sweetest Perfumes are loathsom to them What would make us sick is the Diet of their Sick as Fish salt and raw Limons and other acids Bleeding is not used for they say 't is a madness to lavish the Treasure of Life so they call the Blood Their Purges are sweet and pleasant the others they say and with reason do but heap misery on the Patient 8. Though there are many Kingdoms the Language is the same but so various it sounds like many for they have great variety of Words upon all Occasions those that are used in serious Discourse serve not to jest those that are for great Men are not for the meaner those for the old are not for the young the same are not for Men as for Women In Writing they have fourteen different sorts of Characters all varying not only in form but signification The Gentry learn to read and write till twelve Years of Age in the Monasteries of the Bonços There is one sort of Character to write to Princes another to Nobles another to the meaner sort and another for Books of which they have great plenty in Prose and Rhime very elegant and ingenious Every Character is a Word Some of our People that understand the Language of Iapan and Latin avouch the former to be much more copious beautiful soft and compleat in all particulars 9. All their Buildings because of the Earthquakes the Island is subject to are of Wood but of such Structure they are no way inferior to the finest in the World They are whitened with a Plaster made of shells of Fish which preserves the Wood from the Weather and makes the Cities appear most beautiful at a distance The Tiling is black and of such a nature it will last Five hundred Years The Curiosity within it not to be parallelled Hangings are not used but all the Walls curiously painted with Landskips or Histories of their Ancestors The floors are covered with fine Mats and such as go on them wash their Feet first There are no Chairs nor Bedsteads On the Beds there are few Cloaths but what they wear by day but some have coverings of the same Straw as the Mats wrought with Gold 10. The Poor eat as they can but always with decency the Rich with such state of Servants Musick Plays and variety of Dishes that a whole night is spent in a Supper They use as many Tables as Dishes about a span and half high because they sit on the ground each Table about half a yard square curiously wrought of Cedar inlaid with Gold and several Colours There are no Napkins nor Table-cloaths because they never touch any thing but feed themselves with little Cipress sticks so artificially that never any thing drops The Meat is heaped in the Dishes like Pyramids strewed with Gold the Fowl whole the Beaks and Taloâ—…s gilt Their Entertainment is generous and friendly but so ceremonious it were better to endure hunger than their Complements 11. All the cloathing is Silk thin in Summer more substantial in Winter and a set time for all People to alter their Dress They take many Wives and are easily divorced yet Adultery is a capital Crime and the Woman's Relations resent it as hainously as the Husband The Children are bred as has been said and at Fifteen have their Sword put on by the Bonzos with much Ceremony Every Man is so absolute over his Children and Servants he may punish and kill them without being liable to any penalty for it CHAP. XI A further Account of Japan 1. TILL the Year One thousand there was but one Monarch over all Iapan he was called Huo or Dayri He had two Cucabo's or Generals of his Army At that time one of these killed the other and rebelled against his Prince Civil Wars ensuing several Kingdoms were erected Every Lord of a Province called himself Iaâ—…ta that is King They have four sorts of People as among us the Bonço's or Clergy the Nobility Gentry and Commonalty these two last pay great respect to the Nobles who are called Tonos and as among us have the Distinctions of Dukes Marqueses Earls c. The chief Trade is Silver and China Silks In Mechanicks they are excellent Their Cutlaces are so temper'd they cut through our Armour as if it were Wood. Their Lances are longer and lighter their Musquets and other Arms perfectly good as is their Powder their Horse Furniture curious beyond expression Printing among them as well as the Chineses is very ancient All the Land is the King 's and he gives Parcels of it to Noblemen and Gentlemen to serve him in War and Peace and they give Portions of it to their Servants 2. The King has power to recall his Grants
and take back his Lands at pleasure and hereupon it is not counted infamous in the Subject to forsake his Prince and go over to his Enemy for Profit So it often happens that Kings are dethroned and private Men set up But this does not only happen in Iapan 3. No Prince is more difficult of access than those of Iapan all Business is done by way of Petition The People when they see the King rather adore than reverence him There is no Prison or juridical proceeding against Criminals every King Tâ—… or Master of a Family punishes without any of our Forms The Punishment is commonly inflicted by Surprize for none will receive it without resisting When the King punishes a great Man he causes his House to be beset with armed Men and as an Honor gives him leave to kill or defend himself If he defends himself there is a Battle between those that are to execute him and his Family if he kills himself he makes a cross Wound with a Dagger and throws it into the Air to shew he fears neither Heaven nor Earth When they are grown in Years and have Sons of the Age of Eighteen they give their Estates to them reserving only some small thing to live upon and this they do not for love but to prevent being turned out and dispossessed by them There is nothing among them but what is purchased and maintained by force of Arms and so dividing them into five parts not above the â—…th dies a natural Death the other four by the Sword 4. In the Reign of Dayri sole Monarch of the Island there rose a Bonço with the name of a Prophet and introduced Sodomy among them since which time they have never been free from Rebellions which are the Destruction of Iapan to prove God could better endure Idolaters than Sodomites Of their several sorts of Opinions in Religion enough was said in the Eleventh Chapter of the First Part of this Tome and somewhat shall be hinted out of a Hebrew Canon in the last Chapter of this same Tome touching the Preaching of St. Thomas the Apostle in this Island Bonço is a common name for all the Ministers deputed to the Service of their Gods as well Camies as Fâ—…oques Though these differ in Condition and Profession they agree in three Particulars the first a counterfeit Chastity for it is not lawful for them to Marry the second Abstinence from all sorts of Fish and Flesh and the third Shaving their Head and Beard in token they contemn the World 5. Some live in Towns and have the Charge of the Varela's or Temples of the Idols others in great Monasteries There are also Monasteries of Women whom they call Biconies who also profess Chastity and observe it as ill as the Men. It is wonderful that though both of them be extravagantly Debauched Proud Covetous and Cruel yet on account of their Profession they are held in great Veneration They had once an infinite number of stately Temples and even at the time St. Francis Xaverius went thither he found Five hundred that had escaped the Fury of their Wars In one of these is that prodigious Altar on which stand Fifteen hundred Idols of the common Stature of a Man all gilt and orderly placed in nine rows round a principal one to whom they seem to make their Court. Every one of these has three Heads and above forty Arms which the Bonços say represent the Power of their Deities The Silver and Gold Lamps and other rich Gifts presented by Kings and Lords when they go to War are innumerable All the City Hara is full of Temples in one of them is the Idol Xacâ—… of gilt Metal and so big that a Pigeon standing upon its head can scarce be seen by those who stand at its feet 6. In these Buildings there are wonderful Columns of Cedar In one of them there are Ninety-eight of a vast height and near twenty-three foot in compass so wrought that none of them could cost less than Five thousand Ducats The Porches are Forty Foot high and twenty-five in breadth on sides of them are Statues of a monstrous higness with Maces in their Hands threatning the Devil who lies at their Feet as St. Miâ—…el the Archangel is painted among us Aâ—… is kept extraordinary clean In the City Miaco all things more Majestick The Gardens belonging to these Houses are surprising adorned with variety of Flowers many whereof seem rather the work of Art than Nature The Parks Ponds Fountains Birds of several Colours and variety of wild Beasts not to be molested are impossible to be described The Sons of the principal Men put themselves into these Convents The Colour of their Habits differs according to their several Sects They wear Beads and keep Choir where they sing in the manner of our Psalms Matiâ—…s at midnight other hours at break of Day and others at Sun rising They are called together by Bells whereof they have great number and of extraordinary grandure They are rung at certain hours of the day for the People to pray and they do it in the Evening as we Vespers 7. Their Galleries before their Cells their Refectories and other Offices are very large and orderly The funeral Ceremonies are very stately They grant Indulgences for the Living and Dead and for the latter Habits which they say carry them directly to Heaven There is a commemoration of the Souls departed in the great Feast of their â—…amies and Fâ—…toques They Preach in large Pulpits and the People is called with a Bell. The Preacher is cloathed in majestick Garments with a gold Fan in his Hand and moves the Audience with an affected Gravity and Modesty takes his Text out of their Scripture and discourses thereon so efficaciously that the Hearers burst into Tears calling upon Amiâ—…da and Xaâ—…a and leaving very consideral Alms the chief aim of the Bonzos passionate Discourse They study in several Colledges founded by their Kings 8. They have also a military order which they call Neâ—…goros consisting of two sorts of Bonzos One the fewest in number keep a Choir and have charge of Idols and Temples the other follow the Wars serve any Prince for pay to the number of Thirty thousand and are absolute in their own Conquests Some of them have Estates of Sixty thousand Ducats a Year Every day they carry five Arrows to the publick Magazine of Arms. They profess Chastity and admit no Women into their Towns but make no scruple of committing Sodomy 9. Over all these Religious Professions is a head Bonzo called Zaco who in the same nature as the Pope has the disposal of all their Church Dignities orders all Matters of Religion and grants Dispensations The Monasteries chuse their Superiors The Cities have Tundos answerable to our Bishops to them all the Bonzos are subject and they grant Power to the Superiors of them to dispence in lesser Matters The Pontifical Chair is at Miâ—…co is vastly rich in Revenues and is in continual
hearing these Threats deserted him and returned home This set those two Enemies of ours at variance and was no small help to our Affairs 2. The two Commanders Emanuel Cesar and D. Constantine being joyned they marched towards Nicapeti and found the way he was to come very clean and strewed with Flowers A Chingala carried Nicapeti the News of our approach who caused him to be impaled saying There were no Portugueses left in Ceylon He was soon undeceived the two Vanguards coming in sight of each other Nicapeti instantly possesses himself of a Hill and intrenches with 7000 Men. Our Van attacks and enters his Works kill 1000 of his Men and force him laying aside the Regal Ornaments to fly to the Woods We lost only an Ensign The other part of the Enemies Army seeing this defeated fled over the River Laoa Night coming on our Men rested there and in the morning found themselves strengthen'd by 500 Chingala's who had deserted from the Enemy 3. At this time a Chingala who had been a Christian and Follower of the Portugueses by the Name of Antony Barreto served the King of Candea Though of base Birth his Valour advanced him to be General of that King's Forces with the Title of Prince and Governour of the Kingdom of Uva This Man laying hold of the opportunity of Nicapeti's Revolt came with a considerable Power to seize our Fort of Sofragan Barreto counterfeiting Friendship drew our Men which were but 60 under two Captains Faria and Matoso to a Conference and treacherously slew most of them Those that escaped retired to a Church where want of Ammunition obliged them to surrender and they were carried to the King of Candea 4. This misfortune was justly due to those Portugueses for murdering an Embassadour sent by that King to Treat of an Accommodation that they might joyntly carry on the War against Nicapeti The King who might justly have put to death Faria and his Men in Revenge for his Ambassadour Treated them courteously He sent two of them to Balane to advise our Garison there to deliver that Place to him being distressed by Nicapeti they went and having advised the contrary returned into Slavery 5. The King being informed by these Messengers that those of Balane would not sâ—…rrender fell upon them with 10000 Men and many Elephants Our Commander Emanuel Falcam held out some days but seeing 6 Portugueses had deserted and there was no hope of Relief was forced to Capitulate The King treated him and his better than they deserved He was so desirous of Peace that he presently sent an Ambassadour to Treat thereof with our General D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra but the Success of that Negotiation belongs to the next Year 6. An Embassy came to Goa from the King of Siam acknowledging the Favours received of the Portugueses The Heads of the Message were that he had received a Letter from Iames de Mendoça who stayed not for the Answer that he offered the King of Portugal the Port of Martavam to build a Fort there that he would maintain the Garrison and a small Fleet to Cruize on that Sea against the King of Dua. The Ambassadors were splendidly entertained and F. Francis of the Annunciation a Dominican sent along with them with the same Character He set out the beginning of May with a costly Present for the King The King received the Ambassador with great Satisfaction who proposed to him how ambitious the Portugueses were of his Friendship that they should both join their Forces to subdue the King of Ava that there should be a free Trade between Siam and Malaca that he should not admit the Hollanders into his Country 7. The King answer'd That the Portugues Merchants might freely resort to his Ports and be exempt from all Duties and his Subjects should Trade to Malaca that the reason they had not done it of late was the ill usage they found there whereof he gave good Instances that he had admitted the English Dutch and Malayes into his Ports for the great respect they showed him and the need he had of them that he had assisted the Portugueses against the Hollanders that he was no way concerned for the harm those of Malaca had done the Queen of Patane because she was a Madwoman but she being now dead he had placed one of more Sense there and desired there might be free Trade with her as well as with Siam that the Goods of such Portugueses as died in his Dominions should go to their Heirs that he had ordered all Portugueses who committed any Crimes should be tried at his Court to prevent any wrong being done them by the prejudice of Magistrates Thus our Ambassador was answered and dispatched and the King sent with him two Siam Gentlemen to go his Ambassadors into Spain 8. There were great Complaints against the Commander of Moçambique Ruy de Melo Sampayo for that he robbed the Natives and did not pay the Soldiers having privately strangled some of them which caused a Mutiny Francis de Fonseca Pinto was sent from Goa to regulate these Disorders With him went Salvador Vaz de Gama to succeed Melo in case he were found Guilty Melo's Conscience accusing him he refused to admit the Judge who resolved to return to Goa but hearing that Melo had left open a Wicket of the Fort he rush'd in and deposing him gave the Command to Guerra contrary to what the Viceroy had ordered He was also to Victual the Fort at Tete and furnish it with Cloth that Fort being maintained to continue the discovery of the Mines of Monomatapa which gave great hopes of Profit But before we relate what happened at this time let us refresh the Memory of what was before 9. In the 10th Chap. of the 3d Part of the 2d Vol. we gave some account of what was acted by some of our Commanders in these Parts Chunzo a powerful King rebelled against the Emperor of Monomotapa and was subdued by the assistance of the Portugueses so other Rebels To gratifie these Favours he for ever gave all his Mines to the King of Portugal making a resignation of them to Iames Simoens Madera Commander of Tete who was then in his Service The substance of the Instrument was That he gave all his Mines of Gold Silver Copper Tin Iron Lead to the King of Portugal upon Condition he should support him in his Throne That the King should admit of him as his Brother That the next Year he would send his Son with an Ambassador to Goa That he had put two Sons and would soon two Daughters into the Custody of Iames Simoens to be bred Christians The Emperor ordered Simoens to have an Instrument made hereof and he asking how he would Sign it since in his Empire none could write the Emperor made three Crosses on the Ground one under the other and said he would sign it that way which accordingly he did 10. This done Simoens with his Men accompanied the Emperor who was