and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particularly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake
as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangne treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Casar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Iudas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 56 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and had already possessed the whole Bulworke and shipping with their horse I asking my Colonells leave drew our whole Colours in front and our Pikes charged after them our musketiers drawne up in our reare by divisions fortifying our reare in case the Enemy should assault us in our Reare and then I advanced with our Colours alongst the peere our Pikes charged we cleered the Peere of the Horsemen suffring them to save themselves from drowning where they found the Channell most shallow and advancing thus to the end of the Peere we seazed upon one ship with
was directed to the Rex Chancellor there with Orders from his Maiesty to his Excellence to direct me and my Squadron with all diligence after his Maiesty unto Dutchland according to which having arrived in Spruce and delivered my Commission to his Excellence I was immediatly directed to my Garrison to order the Companies for a Muster and being mustered and payed of two moneths meanes there was Shipping provided for mee and my Companies at the Pillo in August 1630. for transporting of us into Dutchland according to his Maiesties will and Orders given unto me to follow his Maiestie and our Ships being victualed wee attended the winde THE SECOND PART OF MONRO HIS EXPEDITION VNDER HIS Majestie of SVVEDEN discharged in severall Duties and Observations The first Dutie discharged in the Swedens service of our Expedition by Water from Pillo in Spruce vnto the Coast of Pomerne at Rougenvalde THE twelfth of August 1630. having received his Excellence Orders the Rex Chancellor for to Ship my Souldiers at the Pillo and from thence to transport them unto Dutchland towards Wolgast in Pomerne in obedience to the orders having divided the Companies at the Pillo my owne Company Captaine Hector Monro's and Captaine Bullions Company were put with my selfe in a Ship of his Majesties called the Lilly-Nichol The other three Companies viz. Major Senotts Captaine Iohn Monro's and Lermonds were put on another Ship of his Majesties called the Hound our Horses and Baggage being put on a small Skoote or Boat the winde favouring us we being victualed for a weeke we make sayle from the Pillo towards Pomerne having calme weather for two dayes The third day with a strong winde and a great tempest from the West wee were severed from the Fleet and our Ship striking a leake we were driven unto Burnehollem Roade in Denmarke where the tempest being past wee goe a shore to victuall our ship anew the winde favouring us we weigh Anchor againe and setting sayle we take our course to wards Wolgast being neere the Coast the winde contrary wee were not able to double our Course and our ship being leake we durst not adventure farre from land and putting forty eight Souldiers to pumpe continually by turnes they were not able to keepe her dry and being overcharged with much water though there blew a great winde after us wee made but a slow Course our resolution was being turned backe and before the winde to make for Dantsick as our best refuge But keeping so neere the land under night wee bayed within lands the winde blowing hard with a great tempest on the shore being a shallow sandy Coast all sayles being up by Eleven a clocke at night we struck on ground our Ship old and weake breakes in the middest below but kept fast above our Souldiers comming all above hatches they were pittifully drenched and wet with the waves and being in danger of out-washing they tye themselves with Ropes to the ship sides yet two that tooke a pride in their swimming a Dane and a Scot called Murdo Piper thinking by swimming to gaine the shore were both drowned the Mariners setting out one Boate after another were both broken and they being feeble fellowes they lost courage thus under the mercy of the raging Seas and waves going higher then the Mastes over the ship sides wee patiently attended the Lords mercy with prayers till One of the clocke the next day during which time I forced the Mariners and Souldiers that could best worke having cut the Masts and the ends of the Crosse yards with Deales and the Deckes of the ship to make a floate being made it was tyed to the ship within with Towes hanging at it which the waves could carry ashoare the floate thus ready with strength of men was let downe by the Ships side whereon foure of the most couragious Souldiers did adventure to goe some Boores a shoare having got hold of the Towes that were bound to the Floate with the helpe of the waves drawe the Float ashoare and being drawne backe to the ship wee did continue in this manner ferrying out our souldiers till at last the most part were landed who being landed sought along the Coast and finding a Boate did bring it with Horses on a Waggon whereof wee made use in landing the rest of our souldiers whereof I remayned the last till I saw our Armes landed But our Amunition and Baggage being lost we were in a pitifull feare being neere unto our Enemies and above Twenty Dutch miles from his Majesties Army being without fixe Armes and lacking Amunition wee had nothing to defend us but Swords and Pikes and some wet Muskets the enemy being neere our resolution behoved to be short where having learned of the Boores how neere the Enemy was unto us I suffered none to goe from us lest we might be discovered to our enemies After advisement I sent Captaine Bullion with a Guide to the Captaine of the Castle of Rougenvalde belonging to the Duke of Pomerne offering if hee would furnish us some fixe Muskets with some dry Amunition and Bullets wee would cut off the Enemy that lay in the Town and defend Town and Castle from the enemy for his Majesty till such time as his majesty might relieve us the proposition so pleased the Captaine that hee gave way to my suite and withall hee for feare of such suspition goes unto the Countrey having sent a Gentleman with Amunition to me to convey me a secret way unto the Castle where I should receive Fifty muskets my Captaine retiring to me with the Gentleman and Amunition I marched till I came safe to the Castle and then from the Castle falling on the Towne with commanded Musketiers under the command of Captaine Bullion I stayed my selfe with the reserve my folkes entering the Towne the Enemy a loft drew to Armes thus service begun my partie being strongest some of the enemy shot the rest got quarters and mercy our Watch duely set the Keyes of the Towne and Castle being delivered unto me my greatest care was then how to put our selves in safety against our Enemies being at Colberge within seven miles of us I begun to learne from those on the Castle what passes did lye betwixt us and Colberge I was told of a little River did lye two miles from us which was not passable but at one Bridge where I went to Recognosce and finding it was so I caused them to breake off the Bridge where I did appoint a company of Boores with Armes and Horses by them to watch the passe and if in case the enemy should pursue them they had Orders from me to defend the passe so long as they could commanding them also at the first sight of the Enemy to advertise me wherby they might be supplyed and I put on my Guard Being retyred from the passe immediately I did send a Boore on Horsebacke in the night to acquaint his Majesty of Sweden the Army then lying at Statine twenty Dutch miles from us
Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Inly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and then with interchange of Cannon-Bullets till it begun to grow darke that he retired his Cannon to the body of his Armie having lyen all night in Battaile without being intrencht though strongly fortified without him with strong Guards both of horse and foote having his Crabbats and Dragoniers without them againe His Majestie having commanded out strong Horse-guards to watch without the Leaguer I was commanded as least worthy of a thousand that night to watch without the Leaguer with five hundred commanded Musketiers which were ordained to lye in readinesse betwixt the enemies Armie and the Leaguer almost a Cannon-shot from our workes getting orders from his Majestie himselfe how I should keepe good watch and how to behave my selfe in case of the enemies pursute and being come the length of the ground appointed for me to watch on having consolidated the body of my Musketiers in the safest ground I could finde for them to stand on their Armes rested and in readinesse First I caused set out my Perdues without my other Centries not trusting the giving of an Alarum altogether to our horse Centries and then to the end the enemy might not surprize us being sleeping I ordained the halfe of our Musketiers to stand for two houres in readinesse till the Centries were relieved and then I suffered the other halfe to rest them so long as the other did before and thus orderly wee past over the nights watch having had sundry naughtie Alarums in the night without continuance Our dutie was to be the more strict having received command of his Majestie not to quit that ground except the enemy by greatnesse of strength would beate me from it and then I should retire orderly skirmishing with the enemy our faces to them still and our Armes giving fire on them till we came under our walles so that by that meanes the Leaguer would get time to be in readinesse to receive them By the breake of day friend to valour and courage the enemies Horse-guards begun to skirmish with ours who being stronger made our Horsemen to give ground the Commander of the Watch sent to me for a supply of fiftie Musketiers which I accordingly did send with a Lievetenant giving him charge how to behave himselfe who having a little skirmished with the enemies Dragoniers and Horsemen was made to give ground also and having commanded out a Captaine with fiftie Musketiers more he was also repulsed I wondring at their carriage advanced to recognosce the bounds they were on and spying an advantage of ground I tooke out a hundred Musketiers giving a Captaine charge to remaine by the remnant of my Musketiers and putting a hedge betwixt us and the enemy we advanced till we were in even line with them and then giving a Salve amongst them incontinent we made the enemy retire so that our Horsemen did advance to their former stations His Majestie having heard the service ordained the Armie should be in readinesse and coming forth from the Leaguer accompanied with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish and Baron Tyvell where his Majestie begun to enquire of me how all passed which accordingly I related But though his Majestie was pleased yet he checked me for leaving of the Reserve to another when I went on service which I confesse was more suddenly done than wisely and ever after I promised to his Majestie to avoide the like over-sight though it succeeded well His Majestie incontinent since they had tryed his guards he would also try in earnest what for Officers and Souldiers they did command and to that effect his Majestie sent Orders to the Leaguer to command out eight hundred Horsemen of Hagapells and a thousand Musketiers with foure small Field-pieces of Cannon with the five hundred Musketiers I commanded on the Poste which all being set in order his Majestie directed the Colonell of his Leefe Regiment Here Tyvell to leade on the foote towards a Dorpe that lay neere the enemies Armie and his Majestie with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish commanded the Horse taking the Cannon along with them and comming neare the enemies Guards consisting of a thousand Currassiers having given fire with the Cannon amongst them they charged furiously with the Horse in middest of the enemy and putting them in disorder they cut them downe from their Horses as they retired at the spurres being still followed unto the body of their Armie And our Musketiers falling up alike discharging amongst them the enemy at first in great feare was almost put in confusion the most part of their Horsemen being abroad on Forrage their Guards did stand to their Armes till the Armie was drawne in Battaile and their Horse spanned or put before their Cannon during which time our Souldiers continued in giving fire amongst them till his Majestie did give orders for our Retreate which we softly made giving now and then faces about skirmishing with Cannon and Musket and then retiring againe orderly being pressed thereto by their Cannon giving fire after us and their Horsemen calling up ours in our Reare till at last we being retired the length of my Poste our Cannon being able to reach them they were made to make a stand and I was ordained with my Musketiers to remain on our former Poste his Majestie and the rest of the partie being retired within the Leaguer Incontinent from our Batteries our Cannon did play againe within the Leaguer which continued the whole day doing great hurt on both sides where the whole time I with my partie did lie on our Poste as betwixt the Devill and the deepe Sea for sometimes our owne Cannon would light short and grase over us and so did the enemies also where we had three shot with the Cannon till I directed an Officer to our owne Batteries acquainting them with our hurt and desiring they should stell or plant their Cannon higher In the morning also we lost on the skirmish thirteene Souldiers besides
being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hephurne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of
unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kniphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorffe had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few dayes attending what the Emperiall Armie would undertake having still an eye in our necke-pole We got intelligence that the Duke of Fridland Walestine and the Duke of Bavere did breake up with their Armies taking their march through Furt towards Boocke and then to Forcham burning off all the dorpes that lay nearest Nurenberg being all the valiant deedes they had done the whole Summer and the fourteenth of September being quite gone divers Burgers and Souldiers of the Nurenbergers with the Countrie Boores in all haste ranne unto their Leaguer where they found a thousand waggons besides those were burnt which they transported to Nurenberg together with a great quantitie of Iron above tenne thousand Centeurs of waight and a great quantitie of meale corne and flesh which all in foureteene dayes was not brought unto the Towne after their going whereat many did wonder The enemie also left behind them many sicke and wonded Souldiers uncured amongst whom all that time death was very frequent aswell of men as of beasts for thousands of horse and cattell were lost Likewise in the Swedens Leaguer about the Citie were fallen above foure thousand horse and cattell and within the Citie were also many dead As Walestine was come to Forcham he directed Generall Major Galasse with some horse and foote unto the Woigkeland who in his march by Nurenberg did deale very slightly with Lawffe Griffenberg Welden and Harchbrook which he tooke in and Griffenberg he burnt and in the rest he caused to cut off divers Burgers and Souldiers making many poore men with plundering and cruell exactions of mony and from thence in Woiteland towards Egger and further till he joyned with Holke being both as Simeon and Levi continuing their march towards the Elve taking in Kemnets Friberg Meissen and divers other partes exacting great contribution and borneshets or compositions pressing an infinite deale of money out of the Duke of Saxons hereditary lands using great and extraordinary enormities over the whole lands belonging to the Saxon by reason the Dukes Armie lay then farre off in Silesia not being possible for him to releeve his owne Countrey Walestine also from Forcham marched towards Saxonie and the Duke of Bavaria to quench the fire that was already kindled there by the Swedens marched to Bavere The Emperiall Armie thus separated his Majestie laie still at Newstad till such time as he saw their severall intentions and then disposing of his Armie accordingly First the Marquesse of Hamilton was gratiously dismissed by his Majestie taking his journey from thence towards France unto Brittaine and having taken leave of his Majestie at Newstad his Excellence was most honourably conveyed by the whole Officers his Country-men that served the Swedens who having taken leave of his Excellence a mile from the Leaguer they returned and his Excellence accompanied with Sir Iames Hamilton of Priestfeild Colonell Sir Iames Ramsey called the Faire Colonell and Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell having taken good night of all their Noble Camerades they continued their journey unto Brittaine and we returned to prepare our selves for a march and a separation which immediatly the next day did follow his Maiestie having given orders to call in all Safe-guardes and the next morning to be in readinesse to march The thirty-seventh Observation THE separation of these two mightie Armies was wonderfull without shot of Cannon Musket or Pistoll the like we can hardly finde in any Historie We see then here that when the foundation of mans actions is laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile especially when we
or Parapet for their better safeties His Majestie then having ended the morning prayers and that the mist was vanishing away by the rising of the Sunne giving out by all appearance the tokens of a cleare day His Majestie then with comfortable exhortation exhorted every man foote and horse to fight bravely especially directing his speech unto the Swedens and Finnes You true and valiant brethren see that you doe valiantly carry your selves this day fighting bravely for Gods Word and your King which if you doe so will you have mercy of God and honour before the world and I will truely reward you but if you doe not I sweare unto you that your bones shall never come in Sweden againe The Dutch also his Majesty exhorted after this manner You true and worthy Dutch brethren Officers and common Souldiers I exhort you all carry your selves manly and fight truely with me runne not away and I shall hazard my body and bloud with you for your best if you stand with me so I hope in God to obtaine victory the profit whereof will redownd to you and your successours and if otherwise you doe so are you and your liberties lost His Majestie having ended this speech saith now let us to it and let us cry unto God with one voice Iesu Iesu Iesu helpe me this day to fight for the glory of thy Name He advanced then in full Battaile fasting having neither tasted meate nor drinke right forwards towards the Towne of Leitzen where on both sides the Duke of Freedland his Horsemen did present themselves untill such time as their Generall had brought their Infantrie in Battaile beside the Winde-mill and then to a side by the Ditch that was before their Front they retired backe a little and set themselves in Battaile on the right hand of the Towne of Leitzen and then putting the Towne on fire to the end the Swedens on that quarter could doe them no harme Notwithstanding whereof with full resolution the Swedens Armie in full Battaile marched by the side of the Towne on the ditch where their Musketiers were lodged and presented themselves in good order against the mighty and strong Emperiall Armie whereupon the Emperialists great Cannon that were planted by the winde-mill began to give fire in the middest of the Swedens Armie and were incontinent repayed and answered with the like noyse so that the Cannon played two long houres on both sides the fight going bravely on betwixt nine and tenne of the clocke that his Majestie himselfe advanced towards the enemie with the Van-guarde of his Armie even to their Graffe where their Musketiers were set much to his Majestie disadvantage so that sundries of his Majestie forces fell therein Neverthelesse they chased the enemie a little out of the ditch and tooke seven of the Emperialists Cannon that were planted alongst the Graffe After this the other Swedens Briggad or yellow Regiment of the Guard is come after and not esteeming of the Graffe in their way or of the three squadrons or Battailes of the enemies foote being foure times stronger than they which they manfully did beate making them to give ground till they were ruin'd and then on the second time scattering them also even untill the third advancing and being growne weake and wearie with so many brave Charges being resisted by the enemies third Battaile which were seconded well with two squadrons of horsemen at last with the blew Regiments comming up to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such surie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Relingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unlooked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lorâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Colonell Soâ—es with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstorfe Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time
wrought in the Trenches the Colonells were Recognosceing about the walls before their severall Postes Where at the first Colonell Fowle was shot through the thigh with a Musket who immediatly was sent to Ausburg to be cured Before night a second partie of Horse were sent forth for Intelligence lest any mis-fortune might befall the first partie whereby we might not be surprized by the Enemy being strong together at Minchen Spence his Regiment and mine were appointed to attend on the Generall at his Quarter my Lievetenant Colonell commanded the Guards on the Battery and the Trenches on our Quarter And the Generall Major Ruthven his Briggad being on the other Quarter next the water there grew a contrestation of vertue betwixt the Officers of both Briggads who should first with their approaches come to the wall but those of Ruthvens Briggad were forced notwithstanding of their diligence to yeeld the precedency unto us being older blades than themselves for in effect we were their Schoolemasters in Discipline as they could not but acknowledge So being they were trained up by us from Souldiers to be inferiour Officers and then for their preferments and advancement they went from us with our favours towards the Generall Major such as Captaine Gunne Lievetenant Brumfield Lievetenant Dumbarre Lievetenant Macboy Lievetenant Southerland Ensigne Denune and divers more which were preferred under Ruthvens Regiment till in the end they did strive in vertue to goe beyond their former Leaders Neverthelesse we kept ever that due correspondence together that where ever we did meet we were but one not without the envie of others This strife amongst us furthered so the victory that before the next morning from our Battery where Sinclaire did command there was a breach shot in the Skonce without the Towne as also from the Generall Major his Quarter there were two Officers of the enemies killed on the wall their Cannon dismounted and a great breach made in the wall So that the enemy perceiving he had two breaches to defend he tuck 't a Drumme desiring to parlé Which being granted the Accord went on and they were suffered to march out with their Armes seeing the Generall had intelligence their Armie was comming to releeve them he was glad to grant them any Conditions before he were forced to rise from the Towne by the Enemy being so neare for reliefe of it The enemy being marched out and convoyed away the Generall directed Generall Major Ruthven into the Towne with a strong partie of foote to beset all the Posts and then to take notice of all provision and goods that were in the Towne such as Corne Wine Artillery Amunition Horses and all other goods or cadducks in generall to be used at their pleasure Which being done the foote Armie were directed to their former Quarters to rest till further Orders The Horsemen were directed also to Quarters and then there were Quarters made in the Towne for the Generall and the Hoofstaffe as also for the Colonells of horse and foote during the Generall his further pleasure Diverse of our foote Souldiers were hurt on the Batteries and Trenches which got Quarters in the Towne being allowed to have Chirurgians to cure them And the Towne was incontinent beset againe with foure Companies of Colonell Hugh Hamilton his Regiment being new levied men out of Switzerland and his Major being an Irish-man commanded the men But another Dutch Major called Mountague was left to Command the Garrison Where those that entred first the Towne did make good bootie of horses and other goods But the most part was seazed upon by the Generall Persons taking the benefit unto themselves though not the paine Where we did first finde missing of our former Leader the invincible Gustavus who not onely respected Cavaliers of merit at such times but also was ready to reward them by his bountie allowing Cadducks unto them as he did unto Lievetenant Colonell Gunne The next day a partie of a thousand Horse with eight hundred Musketiers were commanded out toward Minchen to get intelligence of the Enemies designes getting Orders to fall into their Quarters if conveniently they could But beside their expectation the Enemy being together and in readinesse in a Wood unawares our partie was ingaged amongst them so that with difficultie having lost prisoners they were forced to retire and the Enemy getting intelligence that the Towne was given over to prevent us they continued their march towards Rhine on the Leacke to take it in in compensation of the losse of Lansberg The partie being retired and the Generall understanding the Dukes Army had marched on Rhine he brake up with our Armie and marched on the other side of the Leacke towards Ausburg And fearing the Skonce at Rhine and the bridge might be taken by the Enemy he did direct Captaine Iames Lyell with two hundred Musketiers as a supply to the Skonce being ordained at his comming thither to take the Command of the Skonce on him Who being come finding Colonell Wornbran there shewing his Orders he was made welcome by the Colonell being hard pressed by the Enemy and mightily afraid so that the Captaine had no difficultie in getting the command which he gladly accepted being more ambitious of credit than of gaines directly opposit to the Colonels humour The Armie having come in time for the reliefe our Horsemen were left on the side of the River next to Donavert except my Cosen Fowles his Regiment which marched over the Bridge with the Infantry being ordained the first nights watch to second the foot And immediatly after our over-going there were five hundred Musketiers of supply sent unto the Towne in despite of the Dukes Armie And then we begun to make up our Batteries and to run our lines of approach towards the Towne advancing our Redoubts and Batteries as our approaches were advanced The second night our Batteries being readie there were mutuall interchanges of Cannonading amongst us where Ensigne Murray was shot dead with the Cannon his thigh bone being broken who was much lamented being a daintie Souldier and expert full of courage to his very end On Sunday in the afternoone the Enemy having heard certaintie of his Maiesties death they drew up their whole Armie Horse Foote and Cannon before the Towne and rejoycing at the Newes they gave three salves of Cannou Musket and Pistoll Which we not understanding made us admire the more Neverthelesse the Generall resolved to get some prisoners of them to cause to make an out-fall the next morning and to that effect five hundred Commanded Musketiers were sent under the Command of Lievetenant Colonell Lesly who had Orders to fall out before day upon the Enemy Which he did and beating them from their Posts there were above threescore killed and thirtie taken prisoners which revealed the reason of their salve As also by them it was found the Armie had been broken up at midnight and crossed the Danube having made over a Ship-bridge thinking with expedition to haste unto
with booty After his Majesties death we see the alteration of time did give greater advantage unto our enemies for while as our Army lay idle the whole winter at Ausburg the enemy was gathering his forces and we losing time neglected our duty having lost our Head and Leader when we ought rather to have followed our enemies with fire sword spoile and slaughter till we had subdued them than to have suffered the enemy before our noses to have taken from us that which we by his Majesties good conduct had conquered before So that we see it is vicissitude that maintaines the world and as one scale is not alwayes in depression nor the other lifted ever higher even so like unto the alternate wave of the Beame we were at this time with both our Armies kept ever in the play of motion The fourty-two Duty of our March through Schwabland under the Alpes to our Leaguer at Donavert being the end of my Expedition with the Regiment HAving joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme we crossed the Danube and quartered over-night in the Earldome of Kirkberg being Generall Major Ruthven his lands disposed unto him by his Majesty for good service and hearing the enemies Army were at Memming within six miles of us we advanced the next morning towards them with a resolution to beate them backe unto Bavier being almost equall with them in Strength we continued our march with extreme cold till the second night that we quartered in a great Dorpe a mile from the enemy so that in the night fire entring in our quarter with difficulty we saved our Amunition and Artillery having lost many Horses and the most part of the Armies Baggage Notwistanding whereof we marched the next day towards Memming and before our coming the enemy having strongly beset the Towne he marched away two miles from the Towne thinking to ingage us with the Towne that he might returne againe with advantage to releeve it seeing we had not time to intrench our selves he being then so neere But we finde at our coming the enemy was gone we drew up in battaile within reach of Cannon to the Towne where they saluted us with Cannon till it drew neere night and then leaving strong watches before the Towne for feare of out-falling laying our watches to keepe them in we quartred over-night in Dorps attending the up coming of our Baggage being scarce of victualls and without forrage but such as we brought with us The next morning our baggage being come and hearing the enemy was within two miles of us leaving a strong hinder-halt to keepe in the Garrison we marched with the rest of the Army after the enemy where before night our fore-troopes did skirmish together and we having the best of it the enemy was forced to leave a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers making the rest of his Army to march away unto a passe beside Kempten being a strong streight Passe the country being streight and hilly full of woods very commodious for Ambuscadoes so that we could not march to them but in order of Battaile our fore-troopes of horse and Dragoniers advancing softly on the enemy being forced to recognize still before them till at last they charged their horse-watches which being beaten by ours we did get three Cornets from them where incontinent Major Sidsersse with Ramseys Musketiers fell on their Dragoniers and skirmished with them till they were forced to retire and being darke our Army having set out their horse and foote watches before them they stoode the whole night in battaile till it was day and the enemy being gone in the night the way thwart and deepe some of his Cannon being left behinde were buried burning their Carriages with their waggons as they did breake making them unprofitable for us We continued our march in the morning minding to attrap them so that by midday they having turned their Cannon on the Passe towards us they forced our Army to stand without reach of their Cannon trying on both hands of the Passe to win through but in vaine seeing there was no passage neere hand but at that one place where we did cannonade one against another for two dayes till the enemy retired their Cannon wiâ—hin Kempten and the rest of their Army unto Bavier having crost both the Leake and the Eler againe The enemy being gone we retired for want of victualls and forrage the country being spoyled we were forced to over-see the beleaguering of Memming for that time passing by it towards Mendelheim where we rested two dayes and then marched on Kauffbier where in two dayes we forced the Garrison to a composition being content to march away without Armes getting a Convoy to Landsberg on the Leake The weather being extremely cold under the snowy Alpes we refreshed our Army three dayes at Kauffbier and the fourth day marched towards the Eler where the water being small we made a bridge of our small Cannon with their Carrage being placed two and two alongst the River at an equall distance of eight foote asunder where we layd over Deales betwixt the Cannon passing over our whole Infantry alongst the bridge which being past and the Deales taken off the horses spanned before the Cannon led them away after the Army And quartering that night in the fields the next morning we beleaguered Kempten Having battered hard for three dayes to gether with Cannon at last the breach being made and the Towne almost brought to an Accord having lost divers Souldiers and Officers before it hearing the Duke of Bavier his Army was crost the Leake againe at Landsberg having gotten a strong supply and being made certaine they were to march unto the Duke of Vertenbergs Land the Felt-marshall after great paines taken was forced to quit Kempten and to march with the Army to be before them in Vertenberg The Dukes Army on their march by the way tooke in a Castle besides Koffbier where Captaine Bruntfield and Quarter-master Sandelens were taken Prisoners and were sent to be kept at Lindaw As also in their by-going they tooke in Koffbier and continued their march alongst the Eler till they crossed with their Army at Brandenburg we lying that night with our Army within a mile of them The next day we strived who might passe the Danube first for going to Vertenberg where it was our Fottune to get betwixt them and the passe having line at Monderkine while as they had crossed a mile below us on the River Which when we understood by our intelligence of their being so neere incontinent the Felt-marshall caused our Arâ—illery and foote to march over in the night so that before day our Army advanced towards the Passe leaving Dragoniers behinde us to burne and to cast off the Bridge But the Bridge was no sooner set on fire but the enemies fore-troopes did drive our Dragoniers after us they coming up full Squadrons of horse and foote driving up our Reare consisting of three Regiments of horse Colonell Daggenfield
Colonell Cratzstein and Colonell Monro of Fowles being three valorous Barons who resolved amongst themselves Daggenfield should charge the enemy first which he manfully did and then retired who immediatly was rescued by Colonell Monro having charged the enemy retired being shot through the right foote with a Musket Bullet and Colonell Cratzstein rescuing him againe charged the enemy the last time keeping them up till the rest were safely retired and then retiring himselfe at the Spurres being last was pittifully cut over the head with a Poles-shable the enemy following them still till they were repulsed by our Dragoniers Neverthelesse they did get the most part of our baggage and a great number of the horsmens led horses servants and Coaches The Passe being narrow and we having the advantage of them being able to receive them with our whole army horse and foote while as they could not advance unto us but by divisions at most thirty in Front against a steepe hill where our Army was standing ready in battaile to receive them horse foote and Artillery Which they considering the great disadvantage they had to pursue us drawing their Army also in battaile they planted their ordinance against us where once begun we continued the whole day Cannonading one against another where neither foote nor horse could joyne to skirmish But the night comming on the Felt-marshall directed his great Cannon away before and leaving a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers at the Passe getting orders to remaine there till midnight wee retired the rest of our Army unto Vertenberg land having five miles to march before day our retreate being in the night though safe was confusedly made The Enemy finding at mid-night that we were gone followed up our Rere-guard skirmishing a little in the end retired And the whole Armie crossed the Dannbe againe of intention to ruine all our Muster-places in Schwabland and in their way they tooke a French Marquesse prisoner on his Muster-place and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both carelesse they were surprized in their Quarters and were kept prisoners for three yeares The Army quartered themselves in Schwabland and Tyroll alongst the Boden Sea setting Garrisons in Townes as in Costance Pybrach Vberling and divers more During this time our Armie was well entertained and refreshed in good quarters in Vertenbergland having secured them for that time from their Enemies we attended the Rhinegrave his comming with a supply from Elsas as also we did get a strong supply of Country Souldiers from the Duke of Vertenberg with a great deale of Amunition and a supply of Horse and Cannon The Rhinegrave being come finding our selves strong againe we resolved to search the Enemy for to make him retire unto Baviere againe which we effectuated within ten dayes After our up-breaking having crossed the Danube againe the Enemy being retired our Armie did settle themselves in a close Leaguer at Donavert for three moneths together attending the conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron resolving to enterprise no exployt or hostility against the Enemy till such time as they should know who should content them for their by-past service as also whom they should serve in times coming During which time I went to Hailbron to solicite my Regiments affaires with the Rex-chancellor and being there my Cosen Colonell Monro of Fowles dyed of his wounds at Vlme where he was buried and there after my brother was killed by the insolency of some Dutch Souldiers which were of another Regiment not his owne who was also buried at Bachrach on the Rhine and his Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro discharging himselfe of the Regiment they were reduced at Heidelberg on the Neckar to two Companies under Captaine Adam Gordon and Captaine Nicholas Rosse which two Companies by the Chancellor his Orders I tooke from Palsgrave Christian his Armie and marched with them to Donavert where in Iuly 1633. I joyned them to my Regiment of whom I tooke leave leaving them under Command of my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who immediatly afterward was killed at Newmark in the upper Palatinate and was transported to be buried at Donavert My Major William Stewart succeeded to the Lievetenant Colonell's place I being gone for a Recreut to my Regiment unto Britaine From that time to the Battaile of Nerling being a yeare they were led by Lievtenant Colonell Stewart brother to Claire And since I did not see the service I continue to speake of the last yeares Expedition till I be informed of those who did see the service as I did the rest The forty-two Observation being the last IN warres wisedome is of such worth that the spirit and skill of one Commander is sometimes better than thousands of armed men And nothing encourages an Enemy more than the foolishnesse and ignorance of their Enemies in warlike businesse But on the contrary he sleepes not sound that hath a wise enemy For a wise Leader doth all things wisely and it becomes not a Leader to use himselfe to vanitie or to intemperate appetites for how can he command others that never pressed to command his owne inordinate desires and brave Leaders of Armies and valourous Captaines should ever looke to their honour and renowne more than unto riches or pleasure spoyle or gaine quitting the spoyle of their Enemies to their Souldiers they ought to reserve the honour and fame for themselves for he wants not meanes but inriches his family that hath wonne credit and leaves it to his posteritie Our contestation then should be for honour and credit and not for unlawfull spoyle or gaine esteeming more of magnanimitie where ever it is found than of riches attained unto it may be through feeblenesse and cowardice lying in a Garrison having never seen an enemy or a man killed in the Fields when other Cavaliers did shew their valour before their enemies gaining more credit though lesse wealth which is of shortest continuance For we are not worthy the name of Souldiers if we glory as many doe more in gathering riches that perish faster than they come than we doe to get an immortall good name for we must thinke still that true honour doth consist onely in vertuous actions which should make us more ambitious of credit than of unlawfull gaine attained unto by avarice Here also we see great difference betwixt Leaders For after we had gotten Feltmarshall Horne to leade us we began by his valourous good Conduct to recover againe what others had suffered the Enemy to possesse and before he advanced he made his friends sure behind him as Vlme and the Duke of Vertenberg that alwayes in necessitie he might make a safe retreate as a wise Generall ought to doe looking what might happen So then we see that as Resolution is needfull Counsell is not to be despised coming from a stedfast minde for it is better to save our selves and others than to be the Instruments to lose both But when we have no time to resolve long in matters deplorable then resolution should have place
and no more sometimes without Townes we had quarters given to Briggads apart in Dorps Randez-vouz being appointed for us the next morning to draw upon for to joyne with the Army and while as we quartered in Dorps being drawne up without the Dorpe first we sighted the passes and the guards placed in the fields on the Avenues lest the enemy unawares might enter the quarters the Centries duely set our Colours were conveyed with a Troope to their lodging or quarter their furriers shuts leading them aright till the Colours were quartered and guarded then the rest showne unto their quarter men were appointed to goe meete the Baggage to leade them to their quarters Orders given every man entertained another as they had best reason and all being setled parties of horse were sent forth to scoure the fields for intelligence and lest they might be trapped by the enemy a second party was sent out after them both getting orders how farre to ride and upon what streets being commanded where to hault and forrage as also being admonished to have still a party on horsbacke to advertise the rest from being surprized which done Ordnance-Rutters of every Briggad were left to waite on the Generall at his Quarter for Orders the generall Randez-vouz for the Horse being appointed where to meete when ever they got Orders The fourth manner of quartering an Armie is in a fast Leaguer as at Statin Swede Brandenburg Verben Donavert Ausburg Engolstat Nurenberg which manner of quartering is most troublesome both for Officers and Souldiers who having builded Receptacles for themselves their charges and travels bestowed in vaine many times they leave their houses to their enemies yet the forme is commendable being under an Armie that is well payd where all things may be had for money and then the Leaguer being kept cleane and in good order it represents a Common-weale or a Citie defensible against all incumbrances which may occurre except it please the Lord to wagge his hand and then no counsell or strength can availe against Him who is the God of Hostes The use Cavaliers or Commanders have to make of this sort of quartering is that in case they happen to have Command themselves they may learne through this practise to command others as also through fore-sight they may timely take themselves to this kinde of defensive warre till they be able to come into the Fields as his Majesty of worthy memory did being forced to retire by the power of his enemies to the former Leaguers wherein there was discipline and good practice to be observed by Cavaliers where the Kings Majestie was made to dwell as the meanest Souldier being alike subject to the inconvenience as others which might happen of ayre sicknesse infection or of watching Thus farre then for the quartering of an Armie Of Artillerie an Observation ARtillery being the third part of an Armie without which no Armie can be gloriously led it is requisit then somewhat briefly to speake of the advantages we have by Artillerie being well foreseene and commanded as it was by the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines Gustavus the Invincible who with as little Charge did as much as any King or Captaine could in doing of so great exploits as he did with his Artillery But lest I should be thought to neglect a part of my dutie in this point concerning Cannon I will set downe here when his Majestie made most use of Cannon to my knowledge which being rightly considered will be thought strange seeing in the whole course of his Majesties warres during his time I never saw or did learne he shot a breach in any place except at Garts though otherwise I knew well his Majestie made good use of his Artillerie as at Leipsigh the Leacke and at Leitzen where in all three he shewed himselfe Master of that Art But against either Towne or Fort I did never see in his Majesties time one breach shot or entred his fortune being such and his diligence so great that his enemies did ever Parlé before they would abide the furie of his Cannon as at Brandenburg Damaine Fransfurt Mentz Donavert Ausburg and divers more and in my opinion the terrour the Cannon breeds is as much to be feared as the execution that followes though it be great and Artillery in all Armies and things belonging thereto are of infinit moment on all occasions So that they may be called Sine quo nihil but supreame Officers of the Field are no more troubled with them but so farre as they direct others to doe the service their owne Officers being appointed to attend them as the Generall to the Artillerie his Colonells Lievetenant-Colonells Majors Captaines Lievetenants Constables and all other inferiour Officers needfull to attend who know and keepe their owne Turnes and Reliefes as other Officers doe theirs their furniture is great and their charges also in buying Horses to draw their Cannon and Amunition Waggons with Powder Ball Match Materials Fire-Engins Petards storming Ladders Artificiall Bridges carried on Waggons to passe over Rivers or Graffes In all quartering they are quartered next after the Hoffestaffe before any Briggad and the furniture and charges needfull to maintaine this third part of the Armie is extraordinary great there being alwayes something to be repaired while as the Armie doth rest and oft-times they must be provided of a great deale of new furniture and they lose yearely an extraordinary number of Horses of great price But his Majestie during his time was very fortunate in this as in other things for I never knew his Majestie lose any Ordnance but I have seene him get supply of Amunition and Cannon from his enemies as first at Garts and Grefenhaugne Damaine Francford Lansburg Glogo Leipsigh Vertsburg Mentz and Munchen besides the supply his Majestie did get for his Artillerie from Nurenberg Francfurt Ausburg Strasburg and Vlme and to discourse largely of this subject alone would take a volume of paper But when every Cavalier is commanded apart with a partie where he must make use of Cannon he would be before his departure with his partie very carefull to receive his Cannon with the furniture belonging unto it timely together with sufficient Officers for discharging that part of the dutie on his march he must command his partie as if it were a little Armie being ever well provided of Guides and of carefull wittie and painefull Intelligencers that he may leade and quarter his partie with assurance directing alwayes his Intelligencer before him being ever carefull to beset the passes and avenues well As also sufficiently to guard his Cannon Baggage and Amunition since many times great hurt doth come thorow the neglect of guarding the Cannon and Amunition which over-sights once committed are irrecoverable in regard whereof I must entreate the gentle Reader to pardon me a little here out of Historie for the younger Souldier his better instruction to discourse a little of the hurt and inconvenience hath happened many times by Cannon
humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our March from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue out march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our fore-troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong to a head in Luniburgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence lest his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence and Conschaift of his enemie lest unawares he should be surprised Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters he should take notice of all complaints and do justice accordingly And he should have a speciall care of the sicke either to transport them or to foresee for their good usage in case necessitie or weakenesse force him to leave them behind He ought also to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way
glorious in it as vertue when shee rides Triumphing as both these Cavaliers doe after death in despight of their enemies like Phoebean Champions praysed by their enemies for resisting their strongest assaults are now renowned in despight of envie and the abusive world And the worthy Souldiers their Associats in this memorable conflict and hot storme are not to be forgotten but to be praysed for their valour For though as I said by appearance to looke but on their outsides they were the meanest in shew of our whole Regiment yet God that gives hearts and courage unto men made them the instruments of our Regiments first credit in the warres of Germany They were I confesse led by brave Officers which were seconded and obeyed by resolute and stout Souldiers that gained victory and credit over their enemies in extremitie by casting sand in their eyes This victory puts me in mind of a prettie Story shewing that some times the meanest things doe helpe us much against our enemies especially when the LORD will blesse our fighting with meane Instruments fighting for us for his owne glory Iovianus Pontanus reports of Alphons being resolved by assault to take in Vicaro his Souldiers having at the first past the countersharpe and fossie scaling the walles the Inhabitants not able to repulse them with stones and the enemy unawares having surprised them that they got not leasure to arme themselves they threw Bee-hives amongst the enemy which being dispersed sticking under their Armes and in their faces forced the enemy to retire uneffectuating his designe Reade Iovian in his seventh Booke of Alphons his deed Cap. 2. Ierome Osorius reports the like Story of one Captaine Baregue a Portugall in his eighth Booke of Portugall who by throwing Bee-hives on his enemies made them to retire The like was done of late in Hungaria on a Fort belonging to the Bishop of Agria neere the Turkes which with the like helpe was relieved of a sudden assault the Souldiers not having time to goe to their Armes used this meane and were saved thereby We see then that an immortall good name is attained unto by vertue and not by villany Here also in this conflict we see notwithstanding of the enemies eager pursuit with fury that resolution at last prevailes for the defenders having at first resisted their fury the enemy with losse being forced to retire the assailers were discouraged and the defenders incouraged Therefore it is the dutie of a brave Captaine that is to be assailed to resist the beginnings well and then the end must needs be glorious In such occasions happie is that Commander that in extremitie of danger is accompanied with a few trustie friends and Souldiers He may be assured not to be forsaken as I have beene some times by strangers The valiant Souldier is ever best knowne in the greatest extremitie of danger and a forebeaten enemy once or twice repulsed will be loath to continue his pursute But he that would gaine honour must resolve to contemne death though ever before his eyes Wherefore I would wish the brave Souldier to be ever well prepared to die who should glory in nothing earthly more than in the tokens of his valour being knowne they were got with credit and not by infamie as many unworthy Souldiers oft-times get wounds but not with credit while for their cowardise they are running away y et they will vaunt amongst the unknowne as if their wounds were credibly gotten Here also we may see the resolution and courage of our Country-man to be prayse-worthy though killed serving the Emperour for though I loved him not being mine enemy yet I honour his memory in serving them truely whom he did serve for his owne credit Of all professions men of our profession ought to looke neerest to their credits being attained unto by much toyle and travell and is lost with little Therefore it is said that a valourous man his credit hangs as it were at one haire and one little errour or oversight in command can obnubilate all his former glory Circumspect then had we need to be to preserve this credit so dearely bought and easily lost We must not then looke to the outside of a man but unto his vertues for he that judgeth men of our profession by Physiognomie shall oft-times be deceived for he that is not stout by nature in our profession having served out a seaven yeares prentiship under such a Leader as the magnanimous King of Denmarke such a one though not stout by nature by frequencie of danger is made stout as a sword fearing nothing not death it selfe And Souldiers thus used with danger for the love of their Leaders to gaine their favours and good opinion will undertake the hazard of the greatest dangers for their Commanders sake Such then that have travelled well should by due have rest since the Crowne is laid up and ordained for him that fights well On the other part to end this observation as I did begin there is no punishment more grievous than the publique ill-will of all men especially for just causes And in my opinion it is better to be buried in oblivion than to be evill spoken of to posteritie The first Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Rapine to Wismere on the Baltick Coast HAving rested eight dayes at Rapine of intention to have marched toward Silesia to joyne with the Armie there God that disposes all things by his providence for our best provided that we went not for the Armie there being beaten and put to rout whereof few escaped The enemy after his Victory following downe to us-ward and having crossed the Elve behinde us our retreat towards the Kings Armie in Holsten was hindred the passages being all beset by the enemies forces so that there was no other passage free for our Armie to passe through but onely to retire towards the Baltick Sea to patronize the Isle of Poule for our safetie till such time as shipping should be provided by his Majestie to transport us unto Holsten Orders then were given to the whole Armie to march with all celeritie from Rapine unto the Randezvouz being appointed at Perlesberg where having come together we were neere ten thousand strong of horse and foot being sufficiently provided of Artillery and Ammunition answerable to the strength of our Armie Our march in great haste night and day continues towards Wismere being afraid of our enemies we feared we should not gaine so much time as to put our Armie in assurance within treaches before the enemies comming but being more affrighted than we had reason comming there betimes we intrenched our selves within a Close Leager before the Isle of Poule a mile from Wismere Where we made a draw-bridge over the passage to the Isle and fortified it with Skonces and Redoubts on both sides where we lay five weekes till his Majestie provided shipping for our transportation unto Holsten and fearing contrary winds might keepe us long on the Isle it being in the Harvest
some horses in it where we set our Colours and making that ship launch off a little from the shore for feare of being aground having mann'd the ship-boat with an Officer and some musketiers we sent to force other ships out of the Roade to launch in and serve us untill such time as the most part of our Regiment were shipped except some Villaines who were gone a plundering in the Towne but not knowing the danger they were in they stayed all night from us and were taken by the enemy the next morning Thus having shipped our men we were forced to quit our Horses and baggage the Officers that were most diligent as Captaine Monro and my brother Obstell were busied the whole night ferrying souldiers from the shoare especially the sicke and wounded who were not able to helpe themselves In the morning I shipped three boatefulls of wounded and sicke men till at the last I was beaten from the shoare by the enemies horsemen And my Colonells ship being under saile layd up to the winde attending my comming with the last fraught and then we followed the Route of the fleete seeing the enemies Army drawne up in battell horse foote and Cannon and our Army of Foote and horse opposite unto them where I did see six and thirty Cornets of horse being full troupes without loosing of one Pistoll give themselves prisoners in the enemies mercy whereof the most part tooke service As also I did see above five Regiments of foote being forty Colours follow their examples rendring themselves and their colours without loosing of one musket Iudge then judicious reader though we were sorrie for the losse of our Army if we were glad of our owne safeties I thinke we were and praised be God with no discredit to us or our Nation for none can be blamed that doth what he is commanded thus following our course the third morning we arrived before Flinesborrie where our Randezvouz was appointed and having sent a shoare for some victualls whereof we stood in great neede no man was blamed to provide for himselfe at such time when the whole Country was to be left to our enemies mercy His Majesty being there after hearing the certainty of his great losse resolved to secure Denmark having lost Holsten Yewiland we got orders with expedition all of us to ship and to hold forth our course unto Assens in Denmark where his Majesty promised to meete us to dispose further of us for his Majesties service and we making saile follow our course and orders At our parting the Rhinegrave with his Regiment did come thither the enemy at his heeles and he at spurres following the King till he had gotten the passe made good betwixt Holsten and Yewtland and his Majestie once safely arrived in Denmark the Rhinegrave quitting Yewtland unto the enemy follows the King unto Denmark We landed at Assens of our Regiment eight hundred Souldiers besides one hundred and fifty wounded and sicke men and being put in good quarters we rest us leaving the enemy to rest in the fat land of Holsten and Yewtland having a good broad and deepe fossey betwixt us we were by Gods mercy secured The seventh Observation HEre we see that the losse of a day is the losse of a great part of his Majesties Kingdome for the losse of his Armie was the losse of Holsten and Yewtland so that here below we have no assured estate from the King to the Clowne whereof we have frequent examples in Histories which should make none of all estates to glory too much either in their peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did for though now thou be in peace and securitie as they were before this day thou oughtst to looke unto thy selfe and to prevent the worst better than they did Therefore to discharge a part of my dutie to my Country-men and friends I minde here somewhat to touch the misery of man through the inconstancy of humane affaires Isidore writes that it was the custome at Constantinople in the dayes of the Emperours Coronation while as he sate in his Throne a Mason came to him presenting stones that he might choose which he would to make his Tombe of thereby putting him in minde of the inconstancy of humane fragilitie We reade also of a simple Citizen in Italy that became one of the most powerfull men in Italy and coming to the dignitie of a Prince being thirtie yeares without interruption in great prosperitie tranquillitie and peace yea ever in the most dangerous time of warre and his Children raised to high honours and dignities this man thinking himselfe to be above the winde a whirle-winde of warres unlooked for came on him and his from Florence that he with his wife and children were taken prisoners and sent to Millane his goods consiscated he was shut up in close prison and died miserably the Venetians appropriating unto themselves all his money he had in Bancke We reade also of one Francis Force that through his heaping up of wealth came to be made Duke of Millane and after that intitled himselfe to be the Sonne of Fortune and the Oracle of the Princes of Italie being many yeares in prosperitie was afterwards chased from his goods as the Holsteners were then but having recovered his lands and goods againe he grew so insolent and proud of his prosperitie that at last he was taken prisoner and was kept till death in prison mockt of the whole world for his pride and greedinesse The same Author Guicchardine in his seventh Booke in the 157 doth record of the Bentioles chased out of Bullon where they long were in peace the subjects of Millane being forbidden to receive them the chiefest of them died of griefe having never before tasted the Cup of adversitie And so became of sundry in Denmark that for feare did send away their goods by shipping unto the Craggs of Norway to be kept there whereof some were lost by Sea and the owners afterward died of griefe not having the courage to undergoe patiently their Crosse The Lord of his mercie preserve my Countrey and Friends from the like Visitation Let no man therefore flatter himselfe with prosperitie riches or honour as Agapetus adviseth us in his Politique Aphorismes All are borne alike come of dust our glory then should be of vertue and not in riches prosperitie or honours for we should esteeme of nothing so much as of Gods judgements praying his Majestie continually to divert them from us esteeming more of our soules than of deceivable riches whereof the possession is uncertaine as was seene at this time both in Holsten and Yewtland their riches went faster away than they came and though they could have enjoyed them yet at last they were forced to leave them to others Since therefore we can carry nothing with us but our good name let us be ever carefull of that discharging so farre as we may with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of
though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her baninished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokē but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning
feete for refuge thinking thereby to escape was on his knees crying for mercy so hard pursued by the multitude that before his Majestie he was cruelly beaten dead as the reward of his former tyranny and so would God Here also we see that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guiltie as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie being cruelly beaten by the rascall multitude which should teach all Cavaliers bearing charge at such times to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety or if for pleasure they would looke on they ought to be on their Guard lest being taken for private men they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster as this Cavalier did Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of others Here also we see that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes who are ever good servants but more often cruell Masters It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases peremptorily to see that his accord be kept which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland so we see him carefull of the keeping of it as his conquest by leaving a Governor with a Garrison in it to be his retreate in case of neede out of Holsten We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke accuses under hand the French that did enlarge their territories by Armes and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests but on the contrary did ruine themselves in the end The Emperour Augustus having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them as he travelled to winne them It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany that where he once set his foote he was conquerour there But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice that lost his owne in hope of gaine Examples we have of this at home without warres Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes Totilas King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome in his Harrangue made to his army concluded that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd then to winne it for in conquering oftimes as here the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice That custome of the Turkes is commendable that when he enters into his Chappell the bed man of the Temple going before him cries out aloud that he remember that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice is to be maintained with the like so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers and in all well governed estates For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades and for the benefit of my country I will speake somewhat at large of the fury cruelty and barbarity of the multitude mutinous and superstitious that we may avoid the evill incident thereto I will set downe here my collections on this point which occurred in my observation The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians sayes the people are ungratefull cruell barbarous envious impudent being composed of a Masse of fooles naughty deboist and desperate for all that is spoken by the wise displeases the people that are incensed And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth he answered it was the vulgar opinion for all things they praise merite blame what they thinke is but vanity what they say is but lies they condemne the good and approve the evill and magnifie but infamy And Nicholas Hanap Patriarch of Ierusalem in his booke of the unconstancy of the people hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search or punish the rest knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine there was nothing to follow but mischiefe where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty as witnesse here the Count of Mongomry that ranne the hazard of death being long bedred after his beating without sense or feeling And Thucydide did in his third booke speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill how much it was to be doubted in so much that the Massacre being so cruell that there was no villany left unpractised and such strange things he writes of that the Fathers did suffocate their owne children and those that were runne to the Churches for refuge were cruelly put to death who pleases may reade the story where it is set downe more at large As also to reade the late Massacres in France from the yeare 1560 to this present time especially the Massacre of the twenty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome continuing without respect of age or of sex as well against the dead as the quicke as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter humanity was so farre gone from men that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud not sparing the innocent but doing to all what the hangman doth to malefactors Therefore Quintus Curâ—ius saith properly that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves then the tumultuous multitude hath changes especially getting liberty by a new government And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Decâ—d saith so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves or strike like Tyrants Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie a memorable example of sedition moved in Palerneâ— of Sicilie where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader amply described in brave termes he having seene the Tragedy himselfe where he complaines of the ruine of the City Iustice and Lawes being abolished avarice rife and pride did reigne and dominâ—â—r a pleasant story to reade and make use of in thâ— day robbing unpunished spoyling the Church in all confusion Aristâ—tle sayes well that such changes come by them that have eaten up their â—wne and have no more There was also sedition moved at Lisbone in the yeare 166 by the fantasies of the multitude that was a flood that tooke away almost all the Iewes that were turned Christians whereof there were killed above a thousand and the Massacre
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
it was that the Ancients before they fought caused to sound their Trumpets beate their Drummes and made their Souldiers cry hard esteeming that did encourage their Troopes and affright their enemies The Macedons also began their fighting with crying and shouting and Curtius reports that as soone as the Armies saw one another within shot of Musket the Persians began to cry furiously and the Macedons though fewer in number did so answer them that the tops of the Mountaines and Woods resounded againe to the Echo of their Cryes The like we reade in our owne Story where the Author in his ninth Booke makes mention of Henry Piercie Earle of Northumberland and Regent of England at the East being come unawares into Scotland with seven thousand men was driven away by the Boores and Herds by the helpe of Stone-Bagges as they are called to this day in our High Lands of Scotland being used by the Inhabitants to fright Wolves and to chase Deere and other Beasts from their grasings the Instrument is made of dry skinnes made round like a Globe with small stones in it that make a noise as they did neere the English Campe that their Horses brake loose through the fields where after long flying they were taken by the Boores of the Country If then we should cry at all let it be such a noise as may terrifie our enemies being strong couragious and brave Plutarch reports that the cry of Souldiers made a Raven flying in the ayre to fall downe being astonished and Titus Livius saith that when the multitude of people did imbarke that few or none were left in Italie and Sicile coming together and crying the Birds astonished fell out of the ayre and Paulus Aemilius reports the like that when the Christians besieged Tyre a Pigeon was seene in the Ayre which made the Christians raise such a noise that the Pigeon fell downe as if it had beene stricken with thunder and that they found a Letter about the necke of the Pigeon that the Sarazens had sent to the besieged shewing they should be soone relieved if they would take good courage and maintaine the Towne for certaine dayes and the Christians having men with them who understood the same language did write another Letter which they tyed to the necke of the said Pigeon and let him goe which Letter carried that the besieged had neede to looke to themselves that they had given good proofe of their valour and fidelitie and that their Fortune was not to give them hope of reliefe the passages being closed up by their enemies and the Tyrians thus deceived give over the Towne unto the Christians The like we reade practized at the siege of Harlam which made the Towne hold out long and it is certaine such Poasts are made fall downe with the noise of crying and of Cannon and Musket so that their packetts are taken from them Here also was wonderfull the losse and dammage done by Cannon especially the Morters of the enemy carrying Bullets of Stone within the Towne of three hundreth pound weight and some that carried Bullets of one hundreth and sixtie pound and in one day there were shot on the Port of Franckendore where we went out to our watch above seven hundreth and sixtie shot of Cannon the noise whereof was heard above thirtie English miles Also we reade that at the Battell of Lepanto in the yeare 1572. where the Turkes were defeated with great losse that the noise of the Cannon was heard from the place above sixtie Scottish miles But on the Sea they are heard a great deale farther as having neither hill nor wood to hinder the sound in the Ayre Here also I did observe how happie it is when Officers and Souldiers love one another refusing to undertake no danger to supply their Camerades their lives being dearer unto them than their owne which was evident by the timely reliefe which discouraged the Enemy and made them at last perceiving their owne losse to be great having effectuated little in the end to settle To speake in particular of any mans valour at this time seeing to my knowledge I perceived no defect neither in Officer nor Souldier but so farre as to my griefe I did speake of the Dutch that left their Captaine which since I confesse to be a warlike Nation being now long hardned by the custome of warres but on desperate service as this was I would wish if I had libertie to choose other seconds neither can I commend those Dutch that would not send us reliefe in our great danger for though we ought to looke to our owne houses when our neighbours are on fire yet Christian compassion ought to move us to supply the defects of our brethren but when Souldiers and Officers preferre their ease with whole skinnes to the safetie of their Camerades in danger then such may be justly called simple without moderation abandoning their Camerades they lose their good name and bring their reputation and valour in question Who will not then blame such and who will not praise those thâ—t in extremitie contemned life and their ease to relieve their Camerades as Colonell Fretts his Lievetenant Colonell and Major did fighting against our enemies Him then I esteeme as a valiant Souldier that fights against the enemy embracing wounds for his Mistresse and that is contented to lie on the ground being weary and that makes no difference of food to serve his appetite without sawce being contented with a nod for a sleepe to such a Souldier nothing is impossible or hard to attempt and such Souldiers to command were my choice that cared not for gold nor money but for credit and Souldiers have most feare when they are best fed best clad best armed and when their purses are best furnished but when the Souldier glorieth in his povertie then doth the Armie flourish then doe they overthrow their enemies And therefore it was the saying of Demetrius to Xerxes King of Persia going to make warre in Greece that Greece did ever entertaine povertie and lodged vertue brought in by wisedome and severe discipline by which meanes their dominion remaineth unconquered so long as they were enemies to vice and were glad in their povertie as may be well spoken of our owne Nation at home that hath suffered and done so much and more for our freedomes than any Kingdome in Europe which this day makes our Soveraigne to say Nobis haec invicta miserunt centum septem proavi being left unconquered in his succession of one hundred and seven Kings for what have we to doe with gold or great riches so long as we can command our owne appetites and desires And if we thirst after gold let us valiantly bring it from a farre with credit to inrich our Countrey with and to supply the necessities of our poore at home and then having served long credibly abroad his Majestie our Soveraigne may grant unto us after our dismission from other service the liberties and priviledges
service went on afresh where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lumsdell in absence of their owne Officers being then all under cure there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers and the Lievetenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring desired him to stay a little and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not The Colonell perceiving him to jeere shooke his head and went away in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee retired softly from his enemy keeping faces towards them with credit till he was safe within workes And then made ready for his march towards Wolgast to finde his Majestie of Denmarke The nineteenth Observation HEre we see that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the protection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour following the example of Iustinian the Emperour to put his authoritie in practize He commanded out a partie and was obeyed by those he commanded which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully where they serve without spot or blemish that in the end they may expect so great a reward from so great a Master as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country-man being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison though a stranger before his Majesties owne Country-men where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines before the Armie should fight and his Captaine returning victorious he I say tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune in beating of Darius his Armle Tacitus saith also that the Germanes were wont to fight and try their valour first after this manner by parties for presages of greater service to follow And we finde that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge King of Epirus did fight many Combats himselfe for to give good presages of future victories whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Country being in all his time beyond apprehension happily excellent To conclude then this observation here we may see the bene fit of good order where those that were in great danger are happily preferved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes to rescue their friends from danger to the great prayse of that noble Sparke Captaine Mac-Kenyee being full of worth as the purest orientall Diamond shining amongst the greatest Stones who did scorne to turne face from his enemies but retired orderly offending his enemy in defending his friends till both he and they were returned with credit though with losse for where order is kept as in this retreate was done by that noble Sparke all things flourish and thrive and I wish from my heart he had followed his profession for though he be honourable enough as he â—s none can blame me for wishing him better he having once commanded me and shall still while I live The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast and of their Retreate unto Denmarke HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trailsound unto the King of Sweden immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour And being come to Wolgast his Majestie did recall the remainder of our Regiment from Trailesound who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men besides Officers the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee in the absence of his Superiours he continued his March towards Wolgast where they joyned with his Majesties Armie being no sooner arrived they were instantly commanded on service The enemy having falne strong against his Majestie he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance and playd on the Kings battell till his Majestie perceiving the danger not being bastant to resist the enemy retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard fearing much to be surprized or taken he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to coÌ„mand the whole Scots that were there and divers others and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports till his Majestie were retired and then to make his retreate over the Bridge and to set it on fire which the Captaine did orderly obey doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres not without great danger of the Captaine and his followers where the Bridge once burning he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder and notwithstanding was brought off and miraculously cured The Regiment thus shipped they met with their Colonell being come from Scotland with the Recreut who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke and were mustered The twentieth Observation IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men and of the remnant escaped both of Officers and Souldiers I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably in defence of the good cause Who will then say but that bloud was better lost than kept when it returnes with advantage having brought eredit to themselves and Countrey Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie Let none then I say bedew their eyes for them we left behinde us seeing the gaine is equall to the losse if not more for them we had we knew were not alwayes to stay yet what we have gained is permanent and eternall those we lost I confesse we loved yet that love ought not to be so violent as to undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand
served well 72 T. A Cavalier ought patiently to attend his preferment 3 B. Continency in all things is most necessary for a Souldier 25 X. Men ought patiently to undergoe their Crosses and not to despaire as some did in Denmarke 86 He that thinkes on deaths Casuality ought neither to be carelesse nor covetous 86 V. Cowards may be compared to dogs that doe barke more then bite 70 P. The Cruelty was great the enemy used in harming the dead and innocent 40 K. D. It is a worthy and brave enterchange when men attaine unto eternall fame and glory after Death for a temporall Death 41 L. The strictnesse of Discipline is the conservation of an Army 36 G. It were impossible to make Boores and Souldiers agree together without the strictnesse of Military Discipline 62 F. It is never good in plenty to Disdaine Souldiers lest in adversity they may prove unusefull 2 A. The observance of Discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths 69 O. Dumbarre renowned in despite of envy 13 L. It is the Duty of valorous Commanders to care for the buriall of the slaine though their enemies 25 Y. We are Drowned in the mud of vice and slothfulnesse while we want businesse and have no foe to awe us 46 T. E. An English Cavalier being deadly wounded retired bravely at Keel 55 B. Ensignes six of Scots shot at Ouldenburg 18 Q. A rare Example of strength and courage in Ensigne David Monro 21 S. Emulation of Superiours by example groweth amongst inferiours 37 H. The whole Officers were hurt except one Ensigne Ihonston 68 M. He that wilfully continues an Enemy teacheth his enemy to doe him a mischiefe if he can 77 A. Though the Enemy be unworthy reconcile with him to be freed of his scandalous tongue 77 A. The Enemy studies all the plots of our ruine and the danger is ever most that is least seene 77 Experience teacheth that neither Fly Bee nor Waspe can harme those that are healed of the sting of Scorpions 22 T. The best Exhortation a Leader can give Souldiers is to shew himselfe valorous 23 W. Enemies prove oftimes good pedagogues setting both death and judgment before us 66 K. F. Feare doth put us in a more horrid habit then any enemy can doe 22 F. It is not good to Feele the ill of the sturdy popular having once loosed the reine 48 W. Friends that are trusty the best companions of danger 14 M. To be a Follower of the popular sort is a vaine thing 50 Y. The Foote is alwayes more usefull in warres and lesse chargable then Horse 23 W. Fortune having crossed his Majesty of Denmarke in his warres abroade brought the sword of his enemies within his owne Kingdome 29 A. G. The Germans are commonly friends to the victorious et e contra 16 O. Germans of old did sing going on service 70 P. Those that thirst after Gold let them bring it valiantly from afarre to supply the poore at home or to decore and enrich their Country 72 S. A man is glad to come off with credit being hurt as I was at Trailsound where I thought to be slaine 75 Y. Ill Gotten gaines is farre worse then losses with preserved honesty 31 D. Gentlemen three of my Colonells Company slaine at Trailsound Gordon Stewart and Tullough 68 M. H. Honour compared to a chaste made 31 D. Happie are those that travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure 63 G. Hugh Murray his brother being slaine would not carry him off till he had beene revenged and then himselfe shot in the Eye the Bullet came out at his Nose 23 V. Hector Monro being shot in one foot would not retire till first he emptied his Bandeliers and being shot then through the other foote was carried off by others 23 V. We ought never to glory too much in peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did but rather to prevent the worst 28 The Highland Souldier his predictive Dreame seene at Trailsound 75 Z. I. A just cause and a just deputation is that which gives the minde securitie And he dyeth well that dyeth fighting for a just cause 53 Iustice the strictest that is observed amongst Souldiers 44 S. An Isles Gentleman being deadly wounded did swimme with his Cloaths and wounds to escape the fury of his Enemies 32 D. K. As forraine Kings make use of Cavaliers in their need so they ought with reason if not rewarded make their retreat to their King and Master being disdained without respect 25 X. Our Knowledge is of none effect without assurance in God through Christ 5 E. The King of Denmark deserved praise for enterprising the warre though the successe was not answerable 30 B. The King of Denmark commended for his care 32 E. The King of Denmark contrary to feare through his valour did cast a kinde of honour upon God confiding in his care onely 35 F. The King of Denmark did establish his Throne in despite of his Enemies 35 F. Kings are but servants though more splendid for the Common-wealth 35 F. The Kings Majestie of Denmark commended 43 O. The King of Denmark did comfort his Officers after their losse sustained before KEEL 29 A. Kings are kept and guarded from eminent danger by the Lord. 29 A. A King or a Prince that undertakes toyle and travell in his body for the safetie of his people is commendable 59 D. L. Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse dyed in Holstein 1 A. A Leaders dutie set downe at large 8 G. Lievetenant Martin killed at Bisenburg-Skonce 11 I. Lievetenant Hugh Rosse having lost his leg wished he had a woodden Leg. 17 P. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton shot at Ouldenburg 18 Q. A Lievetenant and thirteen Souldiers killed with one shot of Cannon 65 K. The Love of horses wonderfull to their Masters 30 C. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton commended for keeping strict Discipline 66 L. Lindesey of Bainshow a valorous Cavalier received three dangerous wounds at Trailsound 78 C. Lievetenant Lumsdell in time of hot service desired Colonell Holk being retiring to stay and to see if the Scots durst fight 79 D. M. Major Dumbar his custome commendable going on service 40 L. The Majestie of a King ought never to be denyed by his subjects in things indifferent 1 A. Major Wilson his over-sight in making his Accord lost his Colours 12 K. The meanest things doe helpe against the Enemy as the casting of sand and Bee-hives 13 L. Murdo Poulson killed at Ouldenburg by the Cannon 18 Q. Mutiny should ever be detestable in all estates as amongst Souldiers 48 W. The multitude tumultuous hath more changes than the deepe Sea in a tempest hath waves 24 X. The Makelesse the Sweden Ship by report did carry two hundred pieces of Ordnance 56 C. No Menagrie comparable to that which spares the lives of men 63 G. N. A Nation being enemies to vice and glad in their povertie they may haply remaine unconquered 72 S. O. Officers
Artillerie Having thrown some fiery Granades on the houses and seeing they wrought no effect I hired a stout souldier with a Pike to reach a firye Ball I had made upon the top of the next house that lay to the Castle which in the end was fired so that the whole street did burne right alongst betwixt us and the enemy who was then forced to retire both his Cannon and souldiers and not without great losse done unto him by our souldiers by meanes of the fire-light where other two Officers and eighteene of their souldiers were killed The day cleering up I fell out after with fourescore Musketiers and tooke thirteene Crabbats prisoners The Army leaving us for that time they marched forwards for the releefe of Colberg and I retired to the towne to comfort the Burgers for their losse sustained by the fire caused through necessitie having no other meanes to escape our enemies fury I being retired to the Castle and the enemy marching to Colberg having made up eighteene Dragoniers to march after the enemy for bringing me intelligence if his Majesties forces from Statin were come betwixt the enemie and Colberg my party retiring shewes that the field Marshall Gustave Horne and Colonell Mackey that cōmanded the cōmanded musketiers were joyned with Kniphousen Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne and were lying over-night before a passage betwixt the enemy and Colberg The next morning being darke till nine aclock with a thick mist the horsemen charging one another they came in confusion on both sides being affrighted alike retired from each others with the losse of fourescore men on both sides The particulars whereof I will not set downe having not seene the service though I was within hearing of their Cannon and Muskets both Two horsemen of Bawtish Regiment that had charged through the enemy came and reported to me openly in presence of many souldiers that the Swedens were all beaten I being offended at the manner of their report I caused to imprison both the horsemen till I knew greater certainty and calling my souldiers together I was prepared for the enemies returne But he passing by a mile from us I sent Dragoniers to cut off his passage giving them charge to cut off the Bridges but his Dragoniers being there before mine to be quit of their ill my Dragoniers returned againe in safetie allowing passage to their enemies within few dayes after having escaped this inconvenience I was recalled from thence by his Majesties order to joyne with the Felt-marshall Horne then at Griffinberg with a party of the Armie where before my departing I took an Attestation from the Amptman of the Castle of the good order and Discipline that was kept by vs there And being glad I was rid with credit of such a place I marched to Griffenberg to finde the Felt-Marshall The second Observation THe fore-sight of a wise Commander availes much in preventing the intentions of our Enemies First in besetting the passages through which he might come upon us which doth hinder his march in giving us the longer time to bee prepared for his comming Next the farther our wings are spred without us our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute fix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in case of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely
from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Kniphowsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one another The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiting the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was concluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bâ—g and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshâ—w to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins
as his lawfull wife making still great esteeme and account of her following her counsell in all his affaires of weight and importance during which time he attained unto great reputation under the Venetians his enterprizes still coming fortunatly and happily to passe This valiant Dame of his was still seene in Armes when occasion was offered to fight and when it was needefull to leade the Infantry going before she appeared like a Magnanimous Leader and warriour being very capable in warlike matters whereof she gave divers times good proofe especially with the Venetians against Francis Sforce at that time Duke of Millaine where she made her selfe knowne while as the Castle of Panon besides Bresse was lost her courage did appeare so great that every one did wonder at it for being armed from head to foote shewing her selfe more couragiously then any other at the storme the Targe on her arme and the Cutlesse in her hand she was the meanes the place was recovered At last the Venetians having great confidence in Brunore and in the counsell and valour of Bonne his Lady he was sent for the defence and keeping of Negrepont against the Turkes where by the Fortifications they two made while they remained there the Turkes had never the courage to hurt or impeach them in end Brunore dying and buried with great respect and honour Bonne his Lady returning towards the Venetians for to get her husbands pension confirmed to two of her sonnes and falling sicke caused to make a Tombe of great charges which she defired to be perfected before her death and being dead she was buried there in the yeare 1468. Therefore it was well said that there were three things seemed pleasant in Gods sight the love betwixt brethren the friendship betwixt neighbours and man and wife continuing in union and mutuall loyalty Who likes to reade a pleasant story to this purpose let him read Nauclerus treaty of the Emperour Conrade the third in his warres against Guelly Duke of Baviere who was forced for his safety to retire within Rhinesberg where the Towne being taken by accord by the perswasion of Ladies he would grant no other condition but that the women should transport themselves out of the Towne in safety with so much as they could carry and no more where one taking the Duke on her backe the rest of the wives their husbands the accord thus kept and the Emperour Conrade moved to compassion beholding their love and vertue pardoned the Duke and restored the Towne to their former liberties And Bodin in the preface of his history reports that Laurence de Medices was healed of a grievous disease by reading of this story without any other helpe I wish it may worke the same effect upon all those that reade it especially the Female sex in making them follow the vertuous examples of these noble Ladies in loving their husbands beyond all other things whatsoever and those that will not be moved thereto I wish them the death of that Roman Lady reported of by Quintus Curtius and Titus Livius called Publia Cornelia Annea who lived twenty yeares without once offending of her husband and seeing him die contracted such griefe for his death that she threw herselfe into the grave with her husband where she died and lay with him This wish I hope cannot be taken in ill part by the vertuous Ladies that are like Cornelia but I feare there is none such at all To conclude then this point of my observation in my judgment no women are more faithfull more chast more loving more obedient nor more devour then Souldiers wives as daily experience doth witnesse and none have more reason to be so then some of them whose husbands doe daily undergoe all dangers of body for their sakes not fearing death it selfe to relieve and keepe them from dangers To th' end you may see that the noble parts and vertues before mentioned are not proper alone unto the Feminine sex I will here inferre some notable examples of the good will love and faithfullnesse of husbands to their wives especially Souldiers whereof amongst many for the present I will to content the Reader mention two or three that are notable whereof one happened at this time in our warfare worthy to be recorded of that noble valorous pious and worthy Cavalier the Felt-marshall Gustave Horne the Peste having entred his lodging and taken away two of his Children seazed on his vertuous Lady daughter to the Chancellor of Sweden the Cavaliers love was so great that in the extremity of her sicknesse he never suffered her to be out of his armes till she died and then caused her to be put in a Silver Coffin that she might be transported for her country to be buried amongst her friends and his love was so great unto her that after her death though a young man he could never be moved to leade his life with any other woman Another example we reade in the story written by Plinie Valerius Maximus that is very notable to this purpose Sempronius Gracchus finding two serpents coming out of his bed enquired of Theologues what might that accident presage they answered that if he killed the she serpent his wife should die and if he killed the he serpent he should die himselfe he loved his wife Cornelia so dearely that he commanded to kill the he serpent and shortly after he himselfe died Also that which we reade of Meleager sonne to Danneus is notable who would not rise out of his chaire for the reliefe of the Towne he was in for his father mother brethren or sisters all crying and calling for his helpe who nothing cared for their ruine but how soone Cleopatra his wife came to him desiring his helpe and telling him the enemy was alreadie entred the Towne and was setting the houses on fire this stony-hearted man who before could be moved by nothing at the desire of his wife went to Armes against the enemy and repulsing them backe saved the Towne from wracke and ruine and the Citizens from death for this Meleager as all honest men ought to doe esteemed his wife and himselfe but one so that he could deny her nothing Here it may be some will alleage he was Iohn Thomsons man I answer it was all one if shee was good for all stories esteeme them happie that can live together man and wife without contention strife or jarres and so doe I. And in my opinion no wife can be ill that wants the gall for the gall in the body is the seate of choler from which the love of man and wife should be free and as of gall so of despite of anger and of bitternesse The eight Dutie discharged of our March to Francford on the Oder and the intaking of it the third of Aprill 1631. THE twenty-fourth of March 1631. his Majestie having disposed of his Armie in putting them in good Order of Briggaddes horse and foote through the severall occasions and accidents happening in warre
his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford whereunder the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Sehonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosce neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command
Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the enemy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that right coming before day to visit the workes and finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced â—o his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestic commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fiftie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast up a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of both Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having lost in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof fix were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for taking in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperiall Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being removed to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in
certaine quantity of the workes about the Leaguer appointed for us within foure dayes to complete and make ready during which time Robert Monro Furer to Captaine Hector his Colours died of the Pest and was much regrated being a youth of good hopes Here also did dye of the plague Segeant Robert Monro Cull-crags sonne and Andrew Monro was executed at Statin for having contrary to his Majesties Articles and discipline of warre beaten a Burger in the night within his owne house for whose life there was much solicitation made by the Dutchesse of Pomeren and sundry noble Ladies but all in vaine yet to be lamented since divers times before he had given proofe of his valour especially at the siege of Trailesound in his Majesties service of Denmarke where he was made lame of the left arme who being young was well bred by his Parents at home and abroad in France though it was his misfortune to have suffered an examplary death for such an over-sight committed through sudden passion being Summumjus in respect that the party had forgiven the fault but the Governour being a churlish Swede would not remit the satisfaction due to his Majesty and justice The eleventh Observation THIS Regiment in nine yeeres time under his Majesty of Denmarke and in Dutch land had ever good lucke to get good quarters where they did get much good wine and great quantity of good beere beginning first with Hamburg beere in Holsten and after that in Denmarke they had plenty of Rustocke beere and now at Barnoe and thereafter they tasted the good Calvinists beere at Serbest and our march continuing out of low Germany towards the upper Circles of the Empire as in Franconia Swabland Elsas and the Paltz they were oft merry with the fruits and juice of the best berries that grew in those Circles for to my knowledge they never suffered either penury or want I being the Leader but oftimes I did complaine and grieve at their plenty seeing they were better to be commanded when they dranke water then when they got too much beere or wine But my choice of all beeres is Serbester beere being the wholsomest for the body and cleerest from all filth or barme as their Religion is best for the soule and cleerest from the dregs of superstition Being once at dinner with the Rex Chancellor of Sweden having drunke good Seebester beere he asked me what I thought of that beere I answered it pleased my taste well he replied merrily no wonder it taste well to your palat being it is the good beere of your ill religion I asked his Excellence how the good wine on the Rhine would tafte at Mentz being the good wine of a worse religion he answered he liked the wine and the beere better than both the Religions But I said to be his Excellence neighbour neare Mentz in the Paltz at Crewtsenach I would be content to keepe mine owne Religion and to drinke good Rhinish wine for my life time Nothing is more necessary on a march then to keepe good discipline without which there is no order nor feare of God amongst Officers that will suffer their Souldiers to grinde the faces of the poore by oppression from whence oftimes doth come the unfortunat and unhappy events of warlike enterprises and expeditions for where the feare of God is taken away there the common-weale must needes decay and then the ruine of the people doth follow Likewise we see here that all that come to the warres as many foolish men doe thinke are not killed but some die through one kinde of death and some by another so that we ought ever be prepared and ready not knowing how when or where to die Happy then is that man that is prepared to die as if he should die to morrow for many have I seene rise well in the morning the time of these warres who went not to bed at night Our care then should be still to meditate on the end that it may be good and then doubtlesse we shall die well The infection being great at this time in Brandenburg I contracted a sodaine fit of sicknesse that was vehement and therefore did not continue above forty eight houres It was so vehement that if I had not suddenly overcome it doubtlesse it had overcome me but praised be God then I banished death by imagination as I did divers times before yet at last I know he will have about with me but my confidence is that by the helpe of the Conqueror I will overcome him in th' end as my Captaine and Leader hath done who is gone before me and opened a Dore to me to enter at where I may sing Triumphing over my enemies with those that follow the Lambe in the Communion of the Saints blessed for ever The twelfth Duty discharged of our March from Brandenburg over the Elve at Tangermound and from thence to Werben IN the middest of Iuly our Army did breake up from Brandenburg and marched towards Ratenough the Emperialists having left it being marched towards Tangermound his Majesty advanced with the commanded Musketiers and a strong party of horse who having set through the River of the Elve they surprized the enemy at Werben where a Lievetenant Colonell was taken prisoner and then after Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in by surprize also Tangermound before his Majesty was come with the party and being come immediatly he caused to set over the River a ship-bridge which was fortified before the entry over which our foote Army did passe and our horse with the Cannon Amunition and baggage did wade through the River where never one was seene to passe with Cannon before so that without impediment our Cannon and baggage for the most part came safely through but those waggons that were lightest being loaden with Boores trash as it came lightly so it went lightly with the streame Et meritò The Emperialists at Carleben hearing we had crossed the Elve tooke them to their flight to provide betimes for their winter quarters Wolmerstat also was taken by a weake party of our horsemen having heard our Army had crossed the River of the Elve such a feare came among them that they never looked behinde them but still fled directing Poast upon Poast to Generall Tillie to retire backe from During being minded unto Hessen who receiving newes of his Majesties crossing the Elve he turning faces about with his whole Army continued his expedition backward to finde us at Werben before we could be intrenched as he thought But where he did but march with his Army in the day time we with spades and shovells wrought our selves night and day in the ground so that before his coming we had put our selves out of danger of his Cannon Generall Bannier with the rest of our Army coming after us tooke in Hagleberg in his way and beset it with a strong Garrison where Generall Major Kagg did command to whom was conjoyned my cozen Fowles his Regiment after he
had taken the Castle of Bloe in Macleburgh in his march with his owne Regiment alone where they made good booty but their Souldiers got but sleight quarters as Bannier did give at the intaking of this Towne and Castle of Hagleberg The twelfth Observation AT this time I did remarke the great wonderfull rare and extraordinary mercy of God towards our Leader the Kings Majesty and his Royall little Army which before our removing from old Brandenburg was much infected with the plague of Pestilence so that we knew not the sicke from the whole for of our Regiment alone there died in one weeke above thirty Souldiers and being but removed six dayes at our downe-lying at Werben we scarce knew there was any infection amongst us so that in a moneths time we were miraculously rid of it and for mine owne part I neither know nor can conjecture any reason for it cheifely being in the dogge dayes and in a Leaguer but the Lords mercy towards his Majesty and his Army being at this time farre inferiour in strength to our enemies Many examples and testimonies of Gods favour towards his Majesty I did observe on this march for such terror was put in their hearts by his Majesties victory obtained at Francford and Lansberg that they fled where once they did heare of our coming being perswaded and informed by their consciences that if his Majesty were victorious they should get no better quarters then were given by them at Madeburg which made them quit strong Garrisons before they would attend or abide the danger Wherefore we may plunly conclude that they doe not merit the name of Souldiers nor yet the title of couragious Cōmanders that did succumbe before they saw or felt the dinte of their enemies valour Fie then on such Commanders If they were of my friends I would allow them a Pinne higher on the Gallowes then is allowed for common offences for such Cullions that quit places for feare not seeing their enemies are unworthy the name of Souldiers but I thinke they were too rich and consequently they grew too feeble Likewise here I did rejoyce and was glad when I did observe that it is not nor was not peculiar to any still to have overcome or to be victorious the Emperialists I know by experience and so did the Regiment I commanded had their time of the victory against the King of Deamarke where I did learne to make a retreate but now being come under another Leader there Fortune began to change and to retire from us we learning under the invincible Gustavus to advance orderly never falling off but ever keeping faces to our enemy a brave lesson learned from a brave Commander So that we see here victory keepes no constant dwelling being now here now there yet we see that it is best kept with counsell and vertue neither can I thinke but fortune and chance hath a great hand in it for it is a greater matter to use victory well then to overcome and all victors have an insatiable desire of their prosperous fortune never appointing an end to their desires And nothing brings victory more next unto God then good Commanders whereof King Gustavus the invincible had many Here also at the intaking of Hagleberg Generall Bannier did well in giving the Souldiers some liberty of booty to the end they might prove the more resolute another time for Souldiers will not refuse to undergoe any hazard when they see their Officers willing to reward them with honour and profit The thirteenth Duty discharged at our Royall Leaguer of Werben on the Elve against Generall Tillie his Army ABout the middest of Iuly 1631 his Majesties forces being come together of Horse and Foote he did resolve to set downe his Leaguer at Werben on the Elve where the River of the Haggle enters into it and spying a parcell of ground the most commodious that could be had for situation and aire having first the commodity of transportation by water on the River of the Haggle running into the Elve at the Leaguer whereon all provisions could be brought for maintaining of his Army He had also the whole country on the other side of the Elve behinde him as his friends This Leaguer lay along the side of the River on a plaine meadow being guarded by the River on one side and the foreside was guarded by a long earthen Dike which of old was made to hold off the River from the Land which Dike his Majestie made use of dividing it by Skonces and Redoubts which defended one another with Flanckering having Batteries and Cannon set within them alongst the whole Leaguer he did also set over the River a Ship-bridge for his Retreate in neede as also for bringing commodiously of provision and succours from the Country and Garrisons on the other side as Hagleberg Ratene Perleberg and others In like manner his Majestie did fortifie the Towne of Werben for his Magazin being close to the Leaguer with workes about it which defended the Leaguer and the Leaguer-workes were made to defend the Towne also so that they could relieve one another being in most distresse and both the Towne-wall and Leaguer-wall were so thicke and firme of old earth faced up with new that no Cartow could enter into it The Bulwarkes on which the Batteries were made for the Cannon were also very strong and formally built and they flanckered one another so that none could finde but folly in pressing to enter by storme And betwixt the flanckerens were left voides for letting Troopes of horse in and out with slawght Bommes before them where strong guards were kept for defending the passage And on the one side of this Leaguer were planted above one hundred and fistie pieces of Cannon great and small besides those that were planted on the Towne-workes and our whole Horsemen were quartered within the Leaguer The manner we were ordained to watch this Leaguer every Briggad of foote had such a portion of the Leaguer appointed for them to watch and maintaine by fight in case of a storme which part they had fortified themselves and Briggads of horse were ordained to attend particularly on a foote Briggad to second them if that the enemy at a storme should beate the foot backe from their Poasts then the horse Briggad was ready to charge till the foote might be recollected by the diligence and valour of their Officers for besides the watch ordinary on the Poasts the whole Briggads of foote stood in readinesse at all Alarums behinde the guard and the horse Briggads did stand in Battaile behinde them Likewise without the Leaguer there were squadrons of our horsemen to stand in readinesse at one end that while as the enemies foote should march on to the storme our horsemen might charge through to the end of the Leaguer where they were to be received againe within the Leaguer being hardly followed so that the judicious Reader can easily judge what a difficultie it was to storme such a
Leaguer Being thus provided to welcome our enemy his Majestie hearing of his enemies neere approach with a strong Armie his Majestie did resolve like a wise Generall to try his enemies courage in the Field before they should come neare to discourage his little Armie And therefore his Majestie commanded out a strong partie of two thousand Musketiers and a thousand horse which partie he did lead himselfe and finding by his intelligence Tillies Armie were advanced so farre as to Wolmerstat his Majestie Aâ—â—e omnia called in unto the Leaguer all the Garrisons which were without on that side of the River whereon the enemy did march and getting good intelligence of the enemies fore-Troopes being foure Regiments of horse the best of Tillies Armie viz. Colonell Harmesteans his Regimenâ— of Curassiers Mounte Cuculies Regiment Holks Regiment of Curassiers and Gerramino his Regiment which were all about fortie two Gornets of Curassters being quartered beside Tangermonde not knowing how neere they were come unto the valiant Gustavus that though a King would not stand on a Ceremony to make the first visit unto such valourous Cavaliers of their worths and to make his Majesties visit the more gracefull though lesse acceptable well I wot he did send the Rhine-grave and Colonell Collenbagh with five hundred Dragoniers and their owne two Regiments of horse to salute them at their quarter in his Majesties name honouring them first with a Salve of Muskets lest they should thinke it discourtesie to have come unto them without sending before which being mis-taken by the enemy the skirmish went on Colonell Harmestean was killed Holke and Coronell Corramine fled so that the enemies fore-Troopes were driven to confusion having lost twenty-nine Cornets the Troopes whereof were defeated and ruined so that our horsemen did make good bootie having gotten horses and a great deale of riches The enemy in this Conflict did lose above a thousand men and his Majesties losse was great also having lost his owne sisters sonne the young Rhinegrave being killed on his first exployt being the seventeenth of Iuly the Cavaliers death was much regrated by his Majestie and the whole Armie but the exployt ended his Majestie did retire towards the Leaguer having left some Officers and Horsemen that had followed in the flight Generall Tilly and Colonell Holke dogging them to their Quarters where both hardly escaped untaken The Swedens disappointed of their onslaught retired after his Majestie to their Leaguer and having put a terror in the enemies Armie by this defeat he did get foure dayes longer continuation to put all things in good Order against their coming during which time the enemy was busied in recollecting of his scattered Troopes and in putting his Armie in good Order forgetting of his revenge His Majestie as soone as he came backe did send incontinent Orders to all the chiefe Officers of the Armie to come instantly to his Tent where being come he asked their advice whether it were best the enemy being strong timely to retire over the Elve or that he should bide their coming before the Leaguer and finding no man to answer him all turning it over upon himselfe being wise knowing that Counsell would be allowed of by a King but according to event But his Majestie perceiving their intentions he resolved to abide the enemies coming what ever might follow and instantly he gave all Officers and Commanders of Briggads charge to see their workes accomplished and finished for if the enemy would stay but three dayes he would be no more afraid of him than if he were in the strongest Island could be imagined being he was assured GOD would fight for him and with him and besides he knew he had as good Commanders and Souldiers of horse and foote as Tilly was able to bring against him and which was more he could get his Armie longer and better entertained than Tilly could get seeing he had the Country to enemy which was his Majesties friend This resolution being taken his Majestie went to visit the Leaguer being accompanied with the Marquesse of Hamilton come then from Britaine with an Armie of six thousand foote as complete as could be desired to be seene for personages of men in complete Armes being well araide and furnished of Artillery and of all things fitting for the adorning of an Armie his Majestie being exceeding glad of such a timely supply he did most heartily welcome the Marquesse by entertaining him with gracefull countenance and respect in giving him such entertainement as the time could affoord and in the interim his Majestie went along with his Excellence to let him see the fortifications and preparations he had made against Tillies comming which being so neare made his Majestie after some considerable discourses had with the Marquesse concerning his Armie wherein his Majestie declared he was sorry the Marquesse with his Armie were arrived in such parts of the Country that was ruined and not able to entertaine his Excellence and his Armie with bread much lesse to be furnished with necessaries convenient for them or with such as his Majestie would willingly bestow on them if the Country or his power were able to furnish it Other private discourses they had together concerning the service that the Marquesse with his Armie was to be imployed on And his Excellence having received his Majesties instructions being both pressed by shortnesse of time his Excellence was graciously dismissed to returne to his Armie then being come upon the Oder being then the most ruined part within the Empire by reason both the Armies had laine there above a yeare before which caused that Summer both famine and plague the smart whereof his Excellence Armie suffered at their first coming where they died of the plague above two hundreth a weeke so that it was impossible for them to subsist long and the plague was so rife that his Excellence servants and family were not free Neverthelesse none can say but for the well and furtherance of the good cause they did arrive in a good time having diverted from his Majestie a great part of the enemies forces towards Silesia being more afraid of their coming than of an Armie twice stronger and the diversion thus made was a great furtherance to the joyning of his Majestie with the Duke of Saxon and consequently of his Majesties advancement in Dutchland and of his victory obtained against his enemies at Leipsigh for nothing doth more crosse the designes of a mightie enemy than to heare a forraigne supply of valiant men to come to his enemy which no doubt would force to alter his former Designes which once altered unadvisedly in haste might marre the happie event of his former Conclusions Likewise his Excellence being dismissed the Landgrave of Hessen and Duke Barnard of Wymar did come unto his Majestie with the offer of their service knowing his Majestie had gotten a supply to his Armie out of Britaine which did encourage them and the most part of the Townes of the foure upper
those were hurt The day thus past I was relieved at night and the next morning before day Generall Tilly made a shew of on-falling on our Leaguer by making all his Trumpets to sound and his Drummes to beate making a great noise we being prepared to receive them The morning being darke with a cloudy mist so that none could see the enemy being retired with his Army having broke up at night he marched towards Tangermonde and the day being cleared up his Majestie with a strong partie went forth to drive up their Reare with six small pieces of Ordnance even to the body of their maine Armie which consisted then of twenty-six thousand men while as we were not in the Leaguer and at Hagleberg twelve thousand men foote and horse till afterwards that the Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne did come from the Oder towards Ratene with foure thousand complete Souldiers and Generall Tilly having lyen some few dayes at Tangermonde suffering daily losses by his Majesties parties at length through scarcitie of victualls he was forced to march unto Hall and in the Saxons Country being made weaker by six thousand men than he came downe having had to doe with the Invincible Gustavus who still did out-shoot him out of his owne Bowe having had the right hand of the LORD for his assistance The thirteenth Observation HIS Majestie wisely made choice of a fit place for his Leaguer being commodious for transportation of victualls unto his Armie without being in danger of his enemies In like manner we see his Majesties wisedome in making his friends sure behinde him viz. the Duke of Brandenburg the Dukes of Pomeren and Machlenburg from whence his victualls and his supplies must needs come and as his Leaguer was commodious for furnishing the Armie so it was commodiously situated for defence against the enemy the one halfe or backe being naturally defended by the course of the water running by and on the other side it was defended by the Towne and by the helpe of the old Dike which easily was fortified His Majesties wisedome also was seene by keeping of his Souldiers still in Action never suffering them to be idle as a wise Generall ought to doe for either they were imployed on marches or lying still in working or in fighting by parties or in grosse as occasion offered For this Generall knew well that he was but the carrion of a man and not a man that did live idle having in a living body but a dead minde Here also I did remarke and observe Homo homini quid interest for we finde a great difference betwixt his Majesties welcoming of Tilly to Werben and the Felt-marshall Twifenbacke his welcome made to his Majestie before Francford on the Oder who never did present himselfe in the Fields though almost as strong as we were but here we finde the contrary that notwithstanding of Tillies strength being twenty-six thousand men Gustavus was not afraid to have invaded his fore-Troopes with a weake partie and did defeate them shewing unto us the difference betwixt Commanders by his owne valourous example incouraging his little Armie before the enemies coming he would not first meete his enemy with an Army but having strengthened his Leaguer with Baniers Forces and called in his weake Garrisons from danger and then taking all victualls out of his enemies way bringing it within his Leaguer he then armed with courage and resolution adventures to Rancounter his enemy with a partie and having tryed them to their losse he retired againe with credit preparing his Leaguer being strongly beset with men Amunition and victualls he was not afraid to be taken unawares as the French were within Philopsburg not being provided to oppose their enemies for their sloath they were cruelly muichered Teaching others by their examples not to trust too much in securitie be the place never so strong if they be left unto themselves and grow carelesse they must needs suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies Likewise his Majestie not trusting to his owne wisedome he did call his chiefe Officers to Counsell asking them what was to be done as wise Commanders ought to doe and finding them all by silence to relie on his Majesties will giving Orders for all things that were to be done before their coming he resolved to stand to it being truely couragious as he did not adventure rashly without asking his Officers advice knowing once their resolution agreeable to his owne he was not inconsiderately afraid of his enemies strength though mightie and strong neither was he unprovided against their coming His Majesties dexteritie of Command is seene here by the order of his discipline in giving good orders for watching First he divided the Postes and appointed what footmen or Briggad should watch on the severall Posts as they were severally fortified by themselves to the end no man might blame their owne worke for insufficiency to hold out the enemy As also he appointed severall Briggads of horse to second the Postes severally every one knowing where to repaire in time of service As also he did instruct them of the manner they were to fight in resisting the enemies entry As also in case of their entry he did instruct both foote and horse how and in what manner they should be repulsed againe promising according to his wonted Custome to be a Companion both of their travells and dangers and that he should never leave them till first they should quit him and that he would promise as he was a Royall King A worthy saying of a worthy King and Generall whose prudence and wisedome in Command was ever answerable to the dignitie of his majesticke person that ought and should be endued with infinite vertues since infinite were those things he had to foresee and which are needfull for a man of his place Infinite chances and altogether divers every moment were set before him in so much that Arges Eyes were too few for him not onely in respect of the weight of his Command but also in respect of the wit and prudence which was requisit for him All other commands belonging to a Souldier are so inferiour to this of a Generall that almost they are nothing in respect of this who amongst others his great gifts he must know severly to command and softly to beare with others As also he must learne patiently to give place to others contumacy and he must not onely be powerfull to strengthen for his owne affaires but also he must weaken his enemies and chiefely he must make warre by policy without giving battell or travell as this wise Generall did deale twice with old Tillie who was forced after a long march having but visited him and seene his orders to retire againe with the losse of many men without any detriment or hurt at all to his Majesties owne litle Army which he kept ever to the best by preserving them from their enemies and by supplying of them as they became weake so that their weaknesse could never be
going in their best Apparell and Armes to be painted where nothing was defective the eye could behold This shew seene by his Majestie and his Officers his Majestie returning the Duke with his followers did convey his Majestie to the sight of our Armie which being called to their Armes having lyen over-night on a parcell of plowd ground they were so dusty they looked out like Kitchin-servants with their uncleanely Rags within which were hidden couragious hearts being old experimented blades which for the most part had overcome by custome the toyle of warres yet these Saxons gentry in their bravery did judge of us and ours according to our out-sides thinking but little of us neverthelesse we thought not the worse of our selves The ceremony past we were all remitted to take rest for that night in our former quarters the next morning by breake of day we were called up to march where both our Armies were ordained to march on severall streets one Randezvouz being appointed for us at night within a mile and a halfe of the enemies Armie where being come to our Randezvouz by foure a clocke in the after-noone and drawne up in battaile our guards drawne out to watch were directed to their Postes and then we resting by our Armes as we were in battaile we slept lying where we stood that in case of a Alarum we were not to be found in disorder being ready to fight where we stood Immediately after the Armie was setled in Quarters newes was come to his Majestie in poste that the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord to the enemy As also that Generall Tilly with a mightie and strong Armie was come a mile from Leipsigh and was preparing for a Fight which newes did no wayes alter his Majesties countenance being resolved before for the like to have sought him to Fight So that being both willing and so neare it was easie bringing them together our baggage was appointed to goe backe to Diben our horse and foote watches were strengthened and we were in readinesse and refreshing first our bodies with victualls we slept till the next morning The fifteenth Observation NOthing earthly is more pleasant to be seene than to see brethren in Christ conjoyned against Gods enemies for advancing of the glory of God in promoting of his Gospell and for setting at libertie those poore soules our brethren in Christ that were kept long under the yoke and tyranny of the house of Austria and the Catholique League their mortall enemies Who would not then for their liberties that were banished that they might one day retire to their possessions who would not I say be willing yea more who would not rejoyce having such a Leader as Gustavus was to hazard their lives for the weale of the publique yea more for the promoting of Christs Gospell Surely for mine owne part I was most willing and wished long to have seene a day wherein I might hazard my life in this quarrell in being one of the number of Fighters before I did come at it for many reasons but especially for the libertie of the daughter of our dread Soveraigne the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Princely Issue next for the libertie of our distressed brethren in Christ and thirdly for my better instruction in the profession of Armes which is my calling for having before seene many occurrences that did belong to our Calling I longed to have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to fight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the night and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed our selves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads
the whole united body of the Army following the example of their head and Leader the magnifick and Magnanimous King for to abate and lay downe the pride of the house of Austria and for to teare and strip naked that old proud and Ambitious Generall Tillie of his former glory and honour for having bragged and vainely gloried he had conquered two Kings before here now the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines doth victoriously Triumph having robbed him of glory and clipped the wings of the Empire with his little Royall Army Likewise next unto God a second helpe unto this glorious victory was the great execution made by his Majesties Cannon and though ever before Tillie did pride himselfe all his life time in the course of the warres in his dexterity of his great Cannon here from a Master he was turned againe unto a prentice being cunningly over shot with Cannon so that his Cannon and three score waggons belonging thereto were taken from him by Gustavus the first and most valiant Captaine of the world with the helpe of the nation which was never conquered by any forraine enemy the invincible Scots whose prayers to God were more effectuall through Christ then theirs through the intercession of Saints The third cause of this glorious victory was his Majesties good discipline houlden over the Army horse and foote not suffering them without great and extraordinary punishment to oppresse the poore which made them cry for a blessing to his Majesty and his Army The enemy on the contrary provoked the wrath of God against themselves and their Army for their cruelty used in torturing the poore and forceing their monies from them did further their punishment and his Majesties glorious victory The fourth helpe to this victory was the plottons of Musketiers his Majesty had very wisely ordained to attend the horsemen being a great safety for them and a great prejudice to the enemy the Musket ball carrying and piercing farther then the Pistolet As also the great celerity used in charging and discharging of our small cannon brought the enemies battaile in disorder to the furtherance of this victory As also the extraordinary care and diligence that was used by his Majesty and his Officers in seeing and foreseeing of the defects and disorders amongst our selves which being suddenly remedied was also a helpe to this victory And last of all the invincible courage and resolution both of Officers and souldiers in standing firme Notwithstanding of the fury of their enemies and which was more they were no wayes dismayed or discouraged at the flight of the Saxons but thought it their greatest glory to be victorious without them standing resolutly till they saw the backe of their enemies the undoubted tokens of their glorious victory His Majesties Army on this service as at all times might be called truely valorous for those are called valorous Captaines and holden for such that when their Camerades are flying they notably with hands voice and wounds if wounded sustaine the fight doing at once the duty of Souldiers and of Captaines by those meanes bringing backe and restoring the suspected losse unto victory for their credits For as ignorance doth easily precipitate men into danger even so to a generous heart nothing can seeme difficult or fearefull being once resolved to fall on though towards the mouth of the cannon but before resolution flesh and blood have their owne disturbances even in the most valorous and valorous men as they feare nothing after resolution so they disdaine nothing entering upon danger Here also the resolution of our horsemen on this service was praise worthy seeing they never loosed a pistoll at the enemy till first they had discharged theirs for the enemy being fierce and furious while as ours were stout and slow the enemy was made weary when ours were fresh which made the enemy being weary and charged with a fresh succour being once set on going they followed hard their victory not giving them time to breath or recollect their forces againe till they were utterly defeated that the night and darkenesse was their best safety For I did observe here that the duty of valiant Commanders is to know not onely the nature of their enemies but also their spirit and wherein they pride them most we ought to make our best use for to deceive and out-shoote them in those same things wherein they delight and trust most unto Likewise this day I did observe that as the inticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour even so courage and constant valour may be attained unto by exercise in warre and frequenting of dangers wherein Souldiers Companies or Briggads are used with and made once familiar with that cruell and vehement horrible and terrible fellow death having seene many dead bodies before and being inured to bloud such Souldiers will stand to it and desire to fight when ignorant Novices as the Saxons were are afraid of death who seeking their safety in flying they were miserably cut downe by their enemies I did likewise observe this day that it is not the multitude doth the turne but under God it is good command good conduct art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare and in taking the occasions in time that beget victory Therefore he that would labour an Army as Gustavus did he will finde fruite yea even the best that groweth under the Empire good Rhenish and Necker wine not onely for himselfe but for the meanest Souldier and that unto excesse which hath made me sometimes complaine more of the plenty our Souldiers had after this victory through the abuse of it then ever I did before for any penury He is therefore in my opinion farre deceived that thinkes that it is the time or number of yeares that makes a good Souldier no no it is rather the continuall meditation of exercise and practise for Souldiers should be in running not in running away as horsemen ordinarily doe But on the contrary that with the greater force they may be able to invade their enemies as our Briggad did here who seeing the enemy in confusion with their Pikes charged ranne fiercely upon them till they were beaten And surely I doe thinke no man so ignorant but knowes that more come to be good Souldiers by exercise and frequency of danger and use then by nature and he is not a man that will not sweat nor couragious that eschewes danger when hee should fight as our Camerades did the painted Souldiers the Saxons with their plumed Officers which feathers served them I thinke in their flight for tokens rather to cut them downe by than for their safeties Courage should growe by frequencie of danger the onely way in my opinion to feare nothing and then he may be called stout before the maker of a quarrell at home who once drawing a sworde when he knowes of twentie Parters or Redders is there called stout but when he comes abroade to the warres at first the thundering of the
storme the enemies workes who having kept slight watch were unawares surprized by some Swedes that had entered with ladders over the wall so that a panick feare having possessed them they retired in disorder from their Poste and the Swedes and Dutch followed so hard that they had not time to draw up their draw-bridge neither yet to let downe the Portcullis of their inward Ports being so amazed our people flocking in after them cut them downe as they were found giving no quarters at all so that they that entred first made the best bootie though least service Here fortune favoured his Majestie miraculously at this time beyond mens expectation as formerly having got here a great deale of riches as also many Cannon and great store of Amunition and of all sort of victualls abundance The fury past his Majestie set a Governour on the Castle and a Garrison which was strong and he gave Orders presently to beginne to repaire the workes seeing Generall Tilly with his Armie were drawing neere and his Majestie having got intelligence that they were quartered within two miles off Wurtzburg according to his accustomed manner his Majestie with a partie of Horse and Dragoniers fell upon their neerest quarters in the night and defeated foure Regiments of their Horse and retired the next night unto Wurtzburg attending when the enemy would seeke for his revenge The twentieth Observation HIs Majestie at this time as formerly used great expedition in marching unto Franoonia knowing it was one of the Circles of the whole Empire that was of most importance for the enemy being a straite and a strong Country by reason of the strengths within it And therefore it was that he divided his Armie in crossing the Vault at divers places that his Artillery might passe the sooner through For he knew who ever was Master of Wurtzburg he commanded the whole River of the Maine and consequently whole Franconia which fortunately happened according to his Majesties deliberation Here also we see the evill that comes of greedinesse in making generall Commanders to be hated by those that follow them for Bawtizen having got a great summe of money of these Townes by the helpe and service of the foote it became him according to right and discretion to have shared with the Colonells who commanded the Briggads and Regiments but seeing his want of discretion in not acknowledging them they being once joyned againe to his Majesties Army would never consent to be commanded by him a foot-step afterwards for ought his Majestie could doe having dealt so niggardly with Cavaliers of their worth so that his Majestie was forced to direct him to command elsewhere This greedinesse is the most pestiferous roote that ever grew in a generall Commander for on this march Souldiers were usually commanded to lie in the Fields and not suffered to quarter in the Townes which they had taken for feare to hinder the payment of the moneys imposed on them so that publique employment is ill bestowed upon a greedy person and this greedinesse in a man of warre to gather riches may lose him all his fortunes and avarice hath beene the losse of many Armies and of many Kingdomes also for no vice is more pestiferous in the extraordinary use than this to bring a man to be disdained of others especially of those would follow him Here also we see that of old our Nation was much esteemed of abroad especially the Clergie who in all Kingdomes as in Germanie had their Cloisters as here and at Erfort and he was a Scots man that brought the Christian Religion first into Franconia but was evill rewarded being there afterwards murthered It was the custome observed ordinarily by his Majesty of Sweden to make use of our countrimen on service wherein he desired they should shew themselves examplary to others as at this time he made choice of Sr. Iames Ramsey and Sr. Iohn Hamilton to be the first should adventure of the whole Army to force the enemy to give way to his Majesty to set his Army over the Maine where on that bridge Major Bodwell and his brother being killed were buried in Wurtzburg Church leaving the Trophie of their valour amongst strangers in honour of the Nation that was ever glorious abroad Sr. Iohn Hamilton disdaining the orders his Majesty did give for storming the Castle having employed the Sweds and Dutch on the storme neglecting him and the Scots who had made the way to the rest in the extremity of the danger the Cavalier I say therefore disdaining the service seeing his countrimen neglected he desired of his Majesty his honourable passe which his Majesty delayed promising to give content another time which he utterly refused but tooke his passe seeing he thought the Nation was wronged for which in my opinion he merits praise for if many such Cavaliers thus served strangers that would not care for them nor their service when once they begin to neglect them others that were but Cavaliers of Fortune of the Nation would be the better respected and used Which should teach all Cavaliers that serve truely abroad to take their time with credit of those they serve seeing they doe not respect Cavaliers but when they have most use of them Here then we see that no strength be it never so strong is able to hould out when as God doth not watch the Fort the watch-man watches in vaine and we see by the submission of Franconie after this victory that the victorious Ensignes are ever followed for where Fortune doth favour there the Commons doe follow and their study also with their favour followes the victorious Here also we see Generall Tillie though beaten at Leipsigh in lesse then five weekes time he drawes together againe a strong Army with Fifty thousand men and lies downes within three miles of his Majesties Army but his Majesty having wisely beset the passes on the Maine before his comming winter drawing neere and the country being a streite country by nature for woods hills and water As also furrage and provision for horses being taken out of his way his horsemen in that country were made unprofitable for him to stay there for lacke of entertainment which was defective for his foote also so that it was impossible for him to stay long so seeing his Majesty had resolved in that country and for that season to make a defensive warre having divided his Army both horse and foote within Townes and strengthes he suffered Tillie to ruine his young Novices with marches in cold weather who being for the most part French and Italians could not endure the cold ayre of that country being hilly His Majesty having beset all the Garrisons on the Maine streame he suffered Tillie as he did the yeare before in Pomeren and Madeburg and the Markes to traverse with his Army in the cold while as he lay still with his Souldiers within the warme stove and when he found the storme over past he was ready to neglect no time The twenty one
Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were by but the enemy being too farre strong made our musketiers lose ground in retiring and his Majesty suspecting the enemy was back't with stronger forces his Majesty commanded me to command a hundred musketiers more with a sufficient Officer to march incontinent for reliefe of their Camerades and commanded me to goe withall and to place them in the most advantagious ground which I did and incontinently the reliefe begun the service a fresh forcing the enemy to retire backe over the top of the hill which his Majesty perceiving was wondrous glad saying the Scots skirmish well who had made the enemy quit their ground which they possest and kept the other side of the hill being all plaine his Majesty commanded out a troope of horse for to recognize the enemies designe and calling Colonell Hepburne unto him he said he would leave us there and fearing the enemy might have a designe upon Wurtsburg he would returne thither being of greatest moment and so he gave orders to Hepburne to defend the Towne so long as he could and then in case of necessity to retire over the bridge and to breake it off behinde him His Majesty being gone Colonell Hepburne begun to put all things in good order preparing for the enemies coming casting downe houses and walles which might serve without the Towne for the enemies advantage as also cutting downe trees and hedges which might serve to shelter the enemy As also making Scaffolds about the walles for musketiers to make service from ordaining the severall postes to be repaired and defended in case of the enemies pursuite ordering also the watches and by watches to observe their precise houres making also provision betimes for store of Amunition and giving diligent and capable men charge over it and appointing guards for it with severall other directions befitting an able Commander to give out at such times being looking for a mighty enemy to pursue a skurvy irregular hole where no Cavalier could gaine credit without overmuch hazard yet such a Master would be so served All things thus provided the Curriers went night and day betwixt his Majesty and the Governour for mutuall intelligence till the third night before day the enemies Trumpets and Drummes made such a noise as though Heaven and earth were going together continuing as if the enemy were marching to the walles for a generall storme our horse guards being beaten in under the walles were refused of entry and the out-guards of foote also and then every man within walles did repaire to their posts expecting a generall storme and the pitterding of the ports The Colonell having visited the whole guards and made the Rounde of the whole Towne seeing all things were in good order and the day drawing neere we found the enemy was retiring from us having begun his march at midnight towards Newringburg and the upper Paltz The day cleering our horsemen having come from the other side of the Maine being led and commanded by Duke Bernard of Wymar whereof foure hundred were commanded towards the enemies quarters to take order with those were left bâ—…inde who did get but slight quarters The enemies Army being marched his Majesty was advertized who sent orders incontinent to Sr. Iohn Hepburne to breake up in the night with five hundred musketiers and to march by the enemy in the night towards Wintzsen which by appearance was too hazardous The enemy being too farre before and in his way also which made his Majesty to countermand his former orders against his custome and then the Colonell being commanded to beset the garrison he was recald with the party to returne to Wurtzberg After Tillies departure his Majesty caused publish an Edict over all Franconia that both Clergy and Laikes none excepted should come and sweare their fidelity to his Majesty Whereupon the full liberty of their profession in religion should be granted unto them untroubled As also they should have his Majesties safeguards for the conservation of their worldly estates and in this Edict were contained a great part of his Majesties former victories obtained
which our Cannon played so hard till the house was crevised so that they were forced to quit it with the losse of many men and they being gone our Cannon then played hard on the Towne-Ports and walles doing the enemy great hurt The night drawing on his Majestie commanded Colonell Hepburne with his Briggad to march to a Bridge a mile above Donavert and to crosse over for to beset the other side of the Towne whereon his Majestie thought the enemy would presse to escape before mid-night the Colonell arriving there did place our Musketiers in strong Plottons by hundreds in the most advantagious parts for offending the enemy our Pikes and Colours were drawne up in three strong bodies or squadrons and were commanded to stand by their Armes to be in readinesse in case of Alarum And having placed our Centries Perdues and others by breake of day the enemy fell forth eight hundred strong of Musketiers on our Quarter the service begunne by our Musketiers we came up with full squadrons of Pikes amongst them and entred on the execution till we made them throw downe their Armes and cry for Quarters some for safetie retired backe to the Towne and were followed in by us and cut off within the Towne while others made way for his Majesties Forces to enter from the other side so that the enemy were pittifully cut downe the most part of them in the fury The Towne also was spoyled and quite plundered but some of the Souldiers with the Iesuites and Monkes that had escaped alongst the Bridge being sent after were overtaken and the most part cut off the rest above three hundred were brought backe prisoners within the Garrison were found dead above five hundred and some were drowned in the streame and a thousand that had gotte their lives were forced to take service under the Regiments but being Papists of Bevaria as soone as they smelt the smell of their Fathers houses in lesse than ten dayes they were all gone The in-taking of this passe on such a sudden wrought a terrible feare amongst all the Papists in Bavaria in like manner his Majestie did send Palsgrave Augustus with some Forces to Hechstat a passe on the Danube which he immediatly tooke in and by this time was Generall Tilly with his Armie come on the Leacke towards Rhine on the River and having beset it strong he beset also all other parts betwixt that and Ausburg and the Duke himselfe caused to take their Armes from all the professors of the reformed Religion in Ausburg and having beset it with two thousand Souldiers he retired himselfe to Engolstat His Majestie after the in-taking of Donavert commanded Generall Bannier with a partie of foure thousand strong of horse foote and Artillery towards Newburg on the Danube but it was beset before their comming and they retiring againe to Donavert where our whole Armie being joyned we marched towards the River of the Leacke of intention to force a passe unto Bavaria being then thirtie two thousand strong of horse and foote The twenty-eight Observation GEnerall Tilly knowing his Majestie was so neere with a strong Armie to be revenged on him for the Russle he had given to Gustavus Horne at Bambricke he never rested his Armie but continually kept them on foote attending still our comming and we to verifie the desire we had to be revenged on him did neglect no time till at last we found him out where we intended to try Fortune againe which never smiles alwayes on one but is ever variable keeping no constant course being whiles here now there and commonly we see that those who have beene most fortunate in their time as this old Generall was they have an insatiable desire of victory and prosperous fortune till neere their end that they are overcome themselves Here we see his Majesties diligence alike in following of his enemy as he fled before him as in his pursute at Donavert being the passe we were holden up at which his Majestie with diligence did get in his power being so hard pursued that the enemy got no time to relieve it though the Cavalier that defended it shewed himselfe resolute in defending of it as in out-falling on our Guards which were Swedens who having neglected their dutie were blame-worthy as their Captaine that commanded them who ought to have preferred death before life ere he had quite his Poste seeing his standing could have moved others to helpe him though the Swedens left him But his Majestie having got the victory over the Towne by the valour of the Captaines Country-men their intercession then procured his pardon though not his admission to his former Command Likewise here we see that stone houses are vaine defenses against cannon where the walles once pierc't those within are in worse case then if they stood on plaine fields Therefore at such times it is better to adventure forth unto the fields out of reach then to be smothered within walles as were many within this house both of horse and foote Here also as in the continuance of the Story we see the valour of Hepburne and of his Briggad praise worthy being first and last instruments of the enemies overthrow in grosse or by parties being commanded men where often we were well seconded by Ramseys men seeing those were ever commanded on desperat exploits being still appointed the fore-troopes of the Army well led and conducted by Major Sidsersse who was a Cavalier both diligent and valorous being also trusted on good occasions for his judgment in command As his Majesty was diligent in the taking of this passe so he was carefull to repaire it by helping of the ruins and in besetting it againe with a strong Garrison establishing good order and discipline having left Colonell Worbrane an Osterriker Freber as Governour being a man expert in making of cannon and in devising of fire-workes As also he understood well how best to fortifie irregular workes as these were And therefore his Majesty most wisely did concredit according to his gifts the maintaining of this passe to his care and diligence which both he did shew in fortifying the Towne even so farre as Art could be helpefull to nature The twenty ninth Duty discharged of his Maiesties forcing the passage over the Leacke and of the intaking of Ausburg DONAVERT being taken and beset againe with a Swedena Garrison caused a great feare and astonishment to seaze upon all the Papists in Bavaria which made the Iesuits and Monkes flie unto Tilligen Mynckine Neuburg and Engolstat where above twenty thousand of the Clergy were unwilling to fight with the Duke against his Majesties forces and seeing Vindligan the Castle of Oberdorsse and divers other places taken in by his Majesty those of Neighburg desired his Majesties safe-guardes in respect the Swedens were making great booty over all where ever they came hanging the Papists by their purse not sharing to torment their shinnes as they did in Pomexen and in the Markes of Brandenburg
in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that scarce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Except the LORD watch the watch-man watchethin vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindow under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that were made Earles by the Emperour from Marchants having turn'd Souldiers to serve his Emperiall Majestie which Graveshaft or Earledome could pay yearely beside Contribution to the warres ten thousand Rex-Dollers being a good augmentation of pay for an old servant who had served long and valourously without the least blot of discredit and retired bravely with meanes and credit to his Country carrying the markes of his valour in his body being above the waste full of tokens of valour credibly gotten in his Masters service for as he was couragious before his enemy he was also fortunate in his Conduct in obtaining victory beyond his fellowes and being often singled out man to man to make his courage the more undoubted he alwayes gave testimony in this kinde of his valour answerable to the externall shew and hansome frame of his body being in personage inferiour to no man for strength and comely stature His Majesty continuing his March towards Engolstat coming within sight of the Towne he drew his Armie in Battaile horse foote and Artillery where we stood the whole night at Armes The next day drawing neerer to the enemies Armie being incamped before us Ex opposito on the other side of the Danube ready to second the Towne on all occasions which his Majestie considering gave order to draw out our Leaguer and to set men to worke after we were quartered where for our welcome the enemy from the Towne did salute us furiously with Cannon so that at first the head was shot from the young Markgrave of Baden and his Majestie recognosceing the legge was shot from his Horse divers others were also here lamed by the Cannon The night drawing on his Majestie expecting a strong out-fall from the Towne their Armie being so neere our Briggad according to custome was commanded to march and to stand the whole night in Armes on a razed Champaigne under mercie of Cannon and musket being ordained in case of the enemies out-fall by fighting to hold them up till our Armie might be in readinesse to relieve us being in Aprill though the aire was cold the service being hot sundrie were taken away in full rancks with the Cannon being in no action our selves but standing ready to maintaine our ground in case the enemie should pursue us which to my minde was the longest night in the yeare though in Aprill for at one shot I lost twelvemen of my owne Companie not knowing what became of them being all taken alike with the Cannon and he that was not this night in this stand afraid of a Cannon bullet might in my opinion the next night be made gunpowder of without paine and who would sweare he was not afrighted for a shot I would not trust him againe though he spake truth His Majestie in the beginning of the night commanded a thousand Swedens being Musketiers led by sufficient Officers in his Majesties owne presence to fall on the Skonce before the bridge which was beset with fifteene hundred foote and five hundred horse lying open on the side that lay next the Towne that if the enemie should storme and enter he might be clensed outagaine with Cannon and musket from the Towne wall notwithstanding whereof the Swedens bravely advanced even to the graffe being ready to storme they were plagued with the musket and with fire-workes that leaving three hundred men killed about the Skonce they were forced to retire the enemy continuing a thunder-clap of Muskets for one halfe houre till they were fully retired His Majestic finding nothing could be effectuate in this manner retired with the Musketiers leaving us and our Briggad in the former stand to attend the enemies out-coming
to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through oftentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as willingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfels having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after a little skirmish made with horse in the Feilds retired over the water casting off the Bridge behinde them they escaped having left a weake Garrison of foote in the Towne and Castle to make an Accord for keeping the Towne unplundered which was suddenly agreed on so that before night we were quartered in the Towne the enemy being retired where divers of our Briggad made bootie worth their paines The next day his Majestie hearing we had taken in the Towne did breake up with the Armie towards Memmungen leaving Orders for the Felt-marshall to joyne with the Armie at Freisingen having got moneyes for his Majestie both from Landshut and the Bishopricke of Freisingen for keeping them unplundered Hohnwart Pfafenhowen being two walled Townes with the Abbacie of St. Morris and the Abbacie of St. George were also brought under Contribution where the Boores on the march cruelly used our Souldiers that went aside to plunder in cutting off their noses and eares hands and feete pulling out their eyes with sundry other cruelties which they used being justly repayed by the Souldiers in burning of many Dorpes on the march leaving also the Boores dead where they were found A strong partie of the Dukes Souldiers thinking to have surprized the Swedens in their quarters they fell themselves in the ditch that they prepared for others so that very few of them escaped with life out of the Swedens hands By this time also Weysenburg not farre from Nurenberg was taken in by the Dukes Forces having got some Cannon from the Castle of Weiltzburg Neverthelesse the Swedens Garrison behaved themselves valourously in making an honourable Accord though those Papists unworthily brake their promise for those that would not willingly serve were cut downe and the Towne by condescending was also plundered their wives and children were abused and the Burgomasters and Preachers were taken prisoners unto Engolstat and the Ports of the Towne they razed and burnt The thirtieth Observation IN this Expedition as in all the former his Majesties wisedome and diligence is praise-worthy for prosecuting his victories so orderly on the hot sent as the cunning Hunter doth his prey in giving one sweat after another till he kill or derne in putting the Fox in the earth and then hooke him out or starve him Likewise His Majestie also very wisely advancing within his enemies Country First made the passes sure behinde him in case of Retreate or of scarcitie of Amunition or victualls most prudently he left Generall Ruthven at Vlme as Governour being his Magazin-place and surest retreate being also made certaine of the Duke of Wittenbergs friendship who in necessitie was able to furnish him with a great supply of men moneys victualls and Amunition for his Armie being then one of the most powerfull Princes within Germany As also his Majestie having got Ausburg under subjection be very wisely left a part of his Armie to subdue the adjacent Cities in Schwabland to helpe his Contribution as Memmungen Pibrach Brandenburg on the River Elve as also Middleham Kawffbire and Kempten on the Leacke and Elve and that by the industry and diligence of Generall Major Ruthven with the rest of the young Cavaliers of the Scots Nation that followed him such as Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell Iohn Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell Gunne Lievetenant Colonell Mongomerie Major Brumfield and divers other Scots Captaines such as Captaine Dumbarre that was killed by the Boores neere Vlme who all were obliged to Generall Ruthven not onely for their advancements but also for their meanes which they made in short time beyond their fellowes who had served longer by reason their lot was to have fallen in a fat soyle that abounded
was taken prisoner and kept long under cure till that after he ransomed himselfe and being come loose againe he levied more Forces of horse and foote for the Swedens service to be the better revenged of his enemies and after that fortunately and valourously behaved himselfe with the generall applause as well of strangers as of his Country-men being also well reported of by his very enemies so that since his vertues and noble carriage have still advanced his credit which for my part I wish to continue he being now Lievetenant Generall Having thus farre spoken of the passages which occurred by this â—â—me in the neather Saxon Creitzis I returne againe to shew the rest of our intelligence at Nurenberg come from the Bishopricke of Tryer on the Rhine where also on divers occasions did passe some rare accidents This Bishop having concluded a Neutralitie with his Majestie of France as also with his Majestie of Sweden but seeing the Spanish not to remove neither yet that the principalls of the Gentry of the Land were willing to embrace the Neutralitie Neverthelesse the Bishop remained in his former resolution and the Strength called vulgarly Hermensteyne he gives it to the French so that they being so neere in neighbour-hood to the Spaniard in Coblentz they did agree together as Catts and Ratts in the end the French seeing the Spanish Garrison growing weake day by day the Swedens by vertue of their confederacie with the French they came in for their owne hand as third men and drawing before Coblentz after a short beleaguering they make the Spaniard quit it and getting of the Citie a summe of money they remove giving the Citie over unto the French the Spaniard after losing of Coblentz Mountebowre Engers and other places thereabouts belonging to the Bishopricke of Tryer they goe their wayes The Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne being by this time sent by his Majestie from Nurenberg towards the Rhine streame to make resistance to the Emperialists beginnings there comming towards Trarbach on the Mosell with his Forces being the passe the Spaniard was wont to crosse at to come unto the Paltz after a short beleaguering he got in the Towne and Castle by Accord and then retired unto the Maine to draw more Forces together and from thence continued his march towards Manheime of intention to joyne with the Duke of Wirtenberg for to make resistance to Ossa and the Emperialists which were recollecting themselves strongly in Elsas againe having understood Ossa was joyned with three Regiments of the Catholique League the Grave Fon Brunckharst his Regiment of horse as also the free Here Fon Rollingen his Regiment and Colonell Metternight his Regiment of foote which were levied for the defence of Coblentz but shortly after through the alteration that happened in those quarters were brought unto Elsas and being joyned to twenty-five Companies of Horse and some Regiments more of foote they crossed the Rhine unto Turlooh and further unto Brittenie where they compell'd the Swedens Garrison there being two hundred to take service of them and then plundered out the Towne burnt the Ports and demolished a part of the walles being in Wirtenberg-land The Grave Fon Mountecueule was Generall over these folkes who perceiving that the Duke of Wirtenberg with some new levied Forces had passed over Kinbis he retired upon Kintlingen and scaling the Towne puts three hundred to the sword plundered all out and burnt all the Towne to three houses By this time the Garrison of Heidelberg coming towards Wisloch wherein did lie a Company of Dragoniers and a Troope of Horse of the Mark-grave Fon Tourlochs folke beleaguers it and by casting fire in the Towne sets three houses on fire whereof the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne being made fore-seene he with all his Forces did breake up and marched the Heidelbergish Garrison being acquainted with this advancement of the Felt-marshalls they incontinent retired in great haste on Heidelberg and having before their up-breaking from Heidelberg desired succours from Ossa and Mountecucule their Corporall and six Horsemen at their backe coming being taken prisoners by the Swedens the Feltmarshall did finde by their Letters that on the sixt of August their whole Horsemen had appointed Randezvouz at Metternigh to goe for Wisloch whereupon his Excellence did draw neere to their Randezvouz place and attended their coming being unlooked for by them in the meane time the Empertalists were advertised that thâ—se of Heidelberg had got in Wisloch and were againe blocked up by some Swedens Forces whereupon Ossa Mountecucule the Colonell Mountelabam and Witzone with the fore-Troopes of Horse being a thousand Horse march on for the Reliefe and unlooked for were pursued by the Swedens whereof two hundred among whom was the Colonell Mountelaban and other Officers were killed many taken and the rest all scattered Whereupon Ossa and Mountecucule with the rest of the folke that were lying at Oberhawsen and Rhinehawsen in all haste did set over the Rhine at Philipsburg The Feltmarshall followed hard and finding he could get no more of them he returned over the Rhine againe and getting the Strasburg passe Rhinebroucke he held on his march further unto Elsas with the Horsemen during which time his foote Forces with the Wirtenbergers beleaguered the passe Stolhossen and getting it in by Accord they marched five thousand strong over at Strasburg unto upper Elsas whereat the Emperialists were mightily afraid and without night or dayes rest they marched towards Colmarschletstad Brisach in the upper Elsas in all haste by taking them to those parts for their Retreate but the Swedens following them hot-foote they tooke in divers places and made good bootie on their march and at last after in-taking of Offenburg by Accord they marched then towards Bentfield the Bâ—â—â—op his chiefe Strength and beleaguered it By this time also Feltmarshall Arnheim leading the Saxons Armie did fall in strong into Silesia taking in Groseglogaw and other parts thereabouts and all the Emperialists marched towards him with a strong and mightie Armie There were incontinent certaine Swedish and Brandeburgh forces joyned with Arnheim who did set on the Emperialists by Steinove beate them in the fields and followed them unto Brisloe and then after the Emperialists intrenched themselves betwixt Bresloe and the Oder Neverthelesse they were hunted up againe by the Swedens and Saxons who followed them from place to place and did get the Thumbe at Bresloe where they did get great bootie from the Emperialists and not contented with this the Swedens and Saxons followed them over the River at Ollawe and did set on the Emperialists againe not farre from Wintsloe obtaining a great victory over them againe where many brave fellowes were taken prisoners many also were killed and the rest scattered so that the Swedens and Saxons were Masters of the greatest part of Silesia and they made the Towne of Bresloe to accommodate themselves in confederacy on certaine Conditions with the Swedens and Saxons while as we at Nurenberg for
finding us alwayes ready on our Guards attending their nightly comming our outward watches being a mile from us so farre as Furt on the side of the River having also Perdues a foote without the Leaguer our Centries on the walles at Batteries Colours and Corp-du-guards so that it was hard to surprize us But the greatest hurt they did us was by their Crabbats while as our servants and horses went forth to forrage for in one day for my part I lost three of my servants and five of my best horses But in th' end our forrage grew so scarce that many did quit their horses for want of entertainment Neverthelesse twice every weeke strong parties of hor se with strong Convoyes of Musketiers were sent forth to bring in forrage where it was my fortune to have bin oft commanded with the foote little skirmishes we had without great hurt being alwayes in hope of reliefe in neede Neverthelesse whatsoever streete we went out on their Garrisons were still ready to snap some or other amongst us on our wings and then away they went unto their Strengths sometimes they came from Forchem sometimes from Buche and sometimes from Rottenburg so that alwayes some Devilish Garrison or other snatched at us aside though they durst not draw neere our bodies neither could the enemy know on what quarter we went forth on and if they knew sure that quarter we went out on was beset by Ambuscades of our people to attend them in case they should fall in betwixt us On the twenty-eight of Iuly his Majestie had commanded out Colonell Dowbattle with some Troopes of Horse and some Dragoniers towards Furstat in the upper Paltz which lay but two miles from Newmarck where the Emperiall Army had their Magazin-house for their Victualls and Amunition which was beset with five hundred Souldiers Dowbattle the thirtieth of Iuly coming before it ere it was day he divided incontinent his folkes in two Deales putting the one halfe to the over doore or Port and the other halfe to the other Port the over Port made up with a Pittard the Swedens entring they gave fire and at their entry they killed the Lievetenant Colonell Revenheller being one of their owne thinking he was an enemy being shot in the shoulder he died shortly after at Nurenberg All the Emperiall Garrison was almost cut off the Proviant waggons were plundered and the Towne was burnt having brought foure hundred Oxen that were both great and fat unto Nurenberg His Majestie immediatly after Colonell Dowbattle was marched followed with a partie of a thousand Musketiers and some eight hundred Horse towards Bergthane on the Dorpes thinking if the enemy got intelligence of Dowbattles march they would set after him And therefore to make his Retreate good his Majestie went towards Bosbowre At the same time Generall Major Sparre with eight hundred horse twenty Cornets of Crabats and five hundred Musketiers commanded by Lievetenant Colonell Gordon and Major Lesly which partie of the enemy had an enterprise on Lawffe to take it in for hindring us from Forrage having no doore open to goe out on but that onely and having met with his Majestie in the fields his Majestie most Heroickly charged them and killed many with the first charge Generall Major Sparre kept himselfe by Colleredo his Horsemen and the foote were commanded by Gordon and Lesly two Scots Cavaliers who then serving the Emperour did behave themselves valiantly for a time as I did heare his Majestie of Sweden give testimony of their valour alleaging if the Emperours Horsemen had behaved themselves like the foote his Majestie had not returned victorious for Sparre intending to have broken through his Majesties Horses the Crabats having runne away the rest of the Emperiall horsemen were overcome and then most part of their foote were cut downe Generall Major Sparre was taken prisoner with Gordon and Lesly and were brought all three unto Nurenberg with three Cornets In obtaining this victory Colonell Ree was kill'd his Majestie after his death being forced to light from his Horse and command the Musketiers having skirmished well for an houre on both sides the praise whereof his Majestie did give to the Scots Cavaliers that commanded the Emperialists to whom he promised before they were taken within three dayes to let them loose againe Ransome-free Neverthelesse they were kept for five weekes with us their Country-men where we made merry as friends Here also in this Conflict was killed his Majesties Camerjounker called Boyen and an other Chamberman called Cratzistene that attended his Majestie About the ninth of August the Emperialists catched a great number of our Horses at forrage and waited on us so well that there was no more hopes to bring forrage unto the Leaguer so that many of our Horsemen for want of Horses were put to their feete till our succours were come unto us The tirty-fift Observation HEre we have two mightie Armies waiting to take advantages one of another being resolved for to gaine credit to endure all toyle and misery and they contemned all hazard and danger to winne glory to themselves being armed with courage and military vertue contemning spoyle and riches leaning to their vertue they delight in the warre being taught by discipline heartily to embrace povertie for their Mistresse and here the Souldier wearied is content to make the ground his bed to lie on as also making the first morsell that chances to his hand to satisfie his appetite and in stead of sleeping out the whole night he is contented with a nod nothing seeming impossible or impregnable unto his couragious and resolute minde glorying more in his contented povertie than others doe in their greatest riches for he thinkes he hath not to doe with gold being able to command his owne desires as the bravest Leaders and most valiant Captaines of Armies have ever made greater esteeme of honour and renowne than deceivable riches or of the spoyle of their enemies reserving glory and honour unto themselves they allowed the spoyle for the common Souldier hunting after an immortall name to leave behinde them after death rather than with the spoyle of others to be thought rich robbing themselves of a good name and their soule and conscience of eternall rest We see then that it is much better to contest with honest men for vertue and a good name than with the avaritious or niggard that hath come to an estate with the spoyle of his enemies or perhaps with the spoyle of his friends or worst of all by detaining their meanes from them who did serve valiantly for it with the losse of their bloud Such Conquests unlawfully made by some Officers are rather to be pittied than envied and I am of the minde he hath provided well for his wife children and friends that leaves an immortall name behinde him for himselfe and his after death rather than to leave them rich in the Devills name by unlawfull Conquest His Majestie of Sweden having had here but a weake Armie
that there were killed to me of my owne Company three Souldiers and having removed a little further off his Majesty drawing up the whole Army in Battaile Horse Foote and Artillery there was presently order given for drawing out of a new Leaguer the draught whereof being finished every Briggads quarter being knowne we begun to worke againe in sight of the enemy till that in spight of him we were closed in ten dayes time within a fast Leaguer againe which was strongly pallisaded without the Graffe where we did lie without invasion in quietnesse to the sixt of September that his Majesty perceiving the scarcity of victualls growing great from day to day and the scarcity of forrage Therefore his Majesty resolved to take the start of his enemy in being the first up-breaker knowing assuredly he was not able to lie long after him The thirty-sixt Observation HERE we see that nothing is more forcible to suppresse the vanting of an enemy than a timely succours as came here unto our Army in despight of the enemy who before their coming did mightily vaunt they would cut off our succours before they could joyne with us really and then they would with hunger starve both the City and our Leaguer which hardly they could doe we being provided of good men to fight as also of good entertainment to sustaine our number But the enemy feebly remaining within his workes though beyond us in number we thundered on them with Cannon repaying their cannonading spent before Verbine the yeare before on the Elve And it is thought that the invention of Cannon was found first at Nurenberg for the ruine of man being at first a long time used for battering downe of walles and Cities and for counter-batteries till at last they were used in the fields to breake the Squadrons and battailes of foote and horse some carrying peeces called Spingards of fâ—ure foote and a halfe long that shot many bullets at once no greater then Walnuts which were carried in the fields on little Chariots behinde the troopes and how soone the Trumpet did sound the enemy was thundred on first with those as with shoures of haile-stone so that the enemies were cruelly affrighted with them men of valour being suddenly taken away who before were wont to fight valiantly and long with the Sword and Launce more for the honour of victory then for any desire of shedding of bloud but now men are martery zed and cut downe at more than halfe a mile of distance by those furious and thundring Engines of great Cann on that sometimes shoote fiery bullets able to burne whole Cities Castles houses or bridges where they chance to light and if they happen to light within walles or amongst a Briggad of foote or horse as they did at Leipsigh on the Grave fon Torne his Briggad spoiling a number at once as doubtlesse this Devilish invention did within Walestine his Leaguer at this time Likewise here we have set before us the revolution of humane affaires being ever inconstant shewing us that good Fortune Lucke or chance as they call it is never still in one side for his Majesty that formerly was alike fortunate with few as with many here though having a mighty strong Army he is crossed being frustrate of his expectation arising by the neglect of a small point of recognoscing his Majesty having trusted too much to others wrong relation that did not satisfie themselves which made his Majesty contrary to his custome ingage his Army and once being ingaged upon slight intelligence the reliefes went on so fast the service being so hot for a time that it was long before the losse was perceived where it is to be pittied that the errour and fault of another should be made to posterity as his Majesties over-sight by those that know no better for though a King leading an Army had Argos eyes yet it is impossible he should looke unto all things himselfe The fault of one here we see with the losse of many was irrecoverable and he that before this day was the terrour of the Empire by his former successe being deceived with false intelligence is thought to have overseene himselfe the errour of another being imputed unto his Majesty in losing so many brave fellowes which should teach others to be the more circumspect in recognoscing before they should ingage men in bringing them upon the shamble-bankes Here also we see that his Majesty was was ever enemy to idlenesse for he had no sooner brought off his Army from pursuing his enemies but incontinent he sets them againe to worke for their owne safeties and that within reach of his enemies Cannon to the end it might not be said but he attended their out-comming lest his Army might be discouraged at a present Retreate after such a great losse for if the service had continued the whole Armie had beene indangered yet a valourous Captaine as our Leader was as he feares nothing entering on service so he ought to set light by nothing he sees tending to his prejudice but ought timely to retire with as little losse as he may for it were a grosse errour to despise our enemies through too much confidence in our selves for some times by despising our enemies as here we make them the more valiant and if they be ambitious the more respect we give them the lesse we neede to feare them And it is necessarie when an Armie doth get a clappe as we did here then incontinent and with all diligence we should presse to trie our enemie againe wheresoever we can have any advantage lest our enemy might judge us altogether to have yeelded and given over which were very dangerous The bouldnesse of one bould fellow at first being a Leader may ingage a whole Armie for want of judgement as was done here going before this hill of Nurenberg where as many were brought in danger as did tread in the first Leaders paths through lacke of judgement having beene all of them more heady than wise yet to dare being annexed unto vertue is the beginning of victory neverthelesse a hasty man in an Armie without judgement and discretion is to be disallowed of aswell as a coward On my Poste under the Hill after I was shot a sudden feare came amongst the Souldiers some thirtie horse having suddenly come through the wood as if they had beene chased the most part both Officers and Souldiers ranne away leaving mee with a few number on the Poste so that if the enemie had fallen out I could not have escaped from being kill'd or taken but as soone as they perceived that I with the Souldiers remained by me had unhorsed and taken some of the horsemen who were found to bee friends they being ashamed of their miscarriage retired having accidentally rencountred with Hepburs Captaine Lievetenant who brought them up againe whom I threatned to shew his Majestie of their behaviours neverthelesse being loath to incurre the hatred of a brave Nation for the misbehaviour of some
in two houres time after the Batteries were ready and that contrary to his Majesties expectation who did not expect the getting of it in lesse then six dayes The Dukes foote Souldiers were suffered to march out without Armes and the horsmen without their horses and his Majesty being offended with the Dutch Colonell called Metzfell notwitstanding of the recovery of the Towne he was brought before a Counsell of warres at Newburg on the Danow being accused he had given over the Towne without any necessity making his Accord contrary to his Officers wills which they having testified against him by a sentence of the Counsell of warre he was beheaded the eighth of October and those Officers of his Regiment which subscribed the Accord were ordained to carry no charge under his Majesties Army and the Officers which withstoode the Accord were assoiled from the sentence as faithfull servants to their Master The said day after the execution his Majesty returned with the Army towards Rhine from Newburg where againe his Majesty divided the Army and having beset Ausburg Rhine and Donavert well he tooke the yellow and blew Briggad with himselfe leaving our Briggad after long advisement and the rest of the Army under the Command of Palsgrave Christian Fon Brickfeld and Generall Major Ruthven to attend on the Dukes forces and to maintaine Schwabland with the passes which we had already in Bavaria His Majesty then taking leave of our Briggad in view of the whole Army thanked us for our former service and in particular he expressed his affection unto me and to Lievetenant Colonell Mustein shewing he was greeved to leave us behinde yet in respect of the long march he had unto Saxony and considering the weakenesse of both our Regiments that were weakned by the toyle of warre and the dint of the enemies Armies and therefore in consideration of their former good service he had ordained Muster-places for us the best in Schwabland for to strengthen our Regiments against his returne and withall commanded us to see it done as we would expect his favour and then calling on Palsgrave Christian to whom he had given command over us and the Army recommending us particularly unto him desired him to give us contentment of the monies were then resting unto us and that out of the first money was to be received at Ausburg Having after that taken leave of the whole Army his Majesty returned to Donavert where the Queene did attend his coming being making ready for the march unto Saxon. As soone as his Majesty had dined at Donavert with the Queene going to his Coach I tooke leave of his Majesty and the Queene in presence of Generall Banier Palsgrave Christian Sir Patrike Ruthven and divers other worthy Cavaliers being the most dolefull parting I ever suffered having bin still both I and our Regiment with his Majesty on all service of importance since his Majesties upbreaking from Stetin in Pemeren till this parting at Donavert on the Danube the eleventh of October 1632. His Majesty having that night lien at Nerlin from thence the next day he directed the Queenes Majesty with the soote Briggads to march on Dunkelspill and from thence to Rottenberg his Majesty then with a party went for Nurenberg and before his coming Kniphowsen with some forces was marched to take in Lawffe from the enemy who at first defended themselves well But in the end they were compelled to come forth and be at his pleasure and were all made prisoners By midday his Majesty hearing there were not farre from Nurenberg some Emperialists seene so soone as his Majesty had gotten sure intelligence of them he brake up with seventeene Troopes of horse and some foote and marched on Enschbrooke whence the Emperialists had gone but a little before his Majesty lying there that night getting intelligence againe of some Crabbats that did ly on the Castle Richell shewing there were some six hundred Emperialists coming to releeve Lawffe hearing of his Majesties being there they retired to wards Bavaria yet his Majesty following them in the night falls on them and cuts off three hundred where fifty were prisoners and two Cornets taken from them with a great deale of booty his Majesty then turning backe continued his march towards Saxony having left all behinde him in Franconia and Schwabland in good order his Majesty in all haste to releeve the Duke of Saxon and his country went from Nurenberg to Swinefort and from thence over During Vault where he joyned his forces with Duke Barnard of Wymar and then continued the march towards Arnestat where they lay still two dayes to refresh the Army wearied with hard marching and from Arnestat he marched to the generall Randez-vouz being then appointed at Erfort the Army being then eighteene thousand strong under whom there was no other Scots Regiment but Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment His Majesty having made a speech to the Counsell of Erfort he left the Queenes Majesty there and blessed her and then marched from thence on Boodestawde from whence Papenhaim with the Leguisticall Army had but passed a few dayes before and his Majesty having quartered the Army in the Ampt Freeburg he commanded Duke Barnard of Wymar with fifteene hundred horse to fall on the enemies reare or hinder Troopes But Papenhaim having in haste past over the Sale towards Morsburg the Duke could have no advantage of him but retired againe to his Maiesties Army His Maiesty understanding the Emperialists had sent thirty musketiers towards Nawmburg to get in the rest of the money they had promised unto Tilly the yeere before his Majesty incontinent commanded some forces with Colonell Brandesten to see if they could get in Nawmburg who having come before it the twenty ninth of October before day desired to make up the Portes in his Majesties name of Sweden those who had the watch at the Port answered it behooved them first to shew their Commanders of it otherwise they could not answer for it which they understanding unwilling to stay so long taking a short resolution with axes and hammers they cut downe the Port and entred perforce finding at another Port a wicket open they enter also and incontinent they bring the Towne in subjection the Emperialists then in the Towne were in danger if the inhabitants had not interceeded for them to spare them who did get quarters soone after six hundred Emperialists horsmen came before the Towne led by Colonell Breda who desired to make quarters in the Towne but beyond their expectation having perceived the Swedens horse-watch before the Ports altering their resolution incontinent they retired backe towards Visenfelts The thirtieth of October betimes in the morning his Majestie sets over the Sale with the Horsemen at the Dorpe Altenburg directing the Infantrie to passe at the Bridge where before mid-day the whole Armie were come to Nawmburg and marching by on this side of it they lay that day and two dayes after that in the fields before Iacobs Port on
Saxonie to supply the Imperialists that were retiring after their defeat at Leitzen unto Boheme Notwithstanding of the advantage we had to prosecute the Enemy being divided by the River our Generall would not suffer to pursue them though Generall Major Ruthven with the whole Officers offered to doe good service The Generall fearing they might be brought to fight through despaire he would not permit to follow them but choosed rather to lose a golden opportunitie Within three dayes afterwards we marched towards Ausburg where we lay two moneths in open Feilds in the extremitie of cold without houses or buildings which undid the Army being idle without hostile imployment our Generalls giving time to our Enemies to gather strenth to beat us againe out of the Country which formerly we had subdued by his Majesties valour and good Conduct During this time I remained on my Muster place at Webling Cloister giving out patents to my Officers and money to recrue and strengthen their Companies But the enemy having taken-in the Passe and Towne of Landsberg which was given over upon accord by Colonell Hugh Hamilton who was prisoner and kept almost three yeares so the enemie getting the Passe unto Schwabland they marched towards Menning and from thence to Brandenburg on the Eler and chased mee over the Danube Being forced to quit a good Muster place we retired unto Ausburg having set the Danube betwixt us and the enemie where on our march unfortunately my horse fell on my leg and being six weekes under cure I continued still with the Armie on all occasions commanding on horse-back being unable to travell a foote The next day after our comming to Ausburg Generall Bannier did breake up with the Armie to march towards Vlme on the Danube there to joyne with the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne who was to come with a strong partie of horse foot and Artillerie from Elsas with whom was come Major Sidserfe and the whole Musketiers of Sir Iames Ramsey his Regiment who being valourous and expert old Soldiers they were commanded on all exploits of importance being conducted and led by a discret Cavalier their Major The enemie before our joyning with the Felt-marshall had taken in Landsberg Kaufbeyre Kempten and Menning where their Armie did lie while as we joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme Palsgrave Christian being directed to command the Armie on the Rhine Generall Bawtishen having left them voluntarily to goe for his wedding unto Denmark Generall Bannier being also sickly not yet fully cured of his hurt that he did get at Nurenberg he was directed to the Steifft Madeburg to collect new Forces there to joyne with the Duke of Lunenburg and the Saxon who all this time after his Majesties death were pursuing hard the Imperialists conjunctis viribus assisting the Duke of Wymar and the Swedens Armie At which time the Rex-chancellour Oxestern made offer after his Majesties death to the Duke of Saxon to be made and chosen Directour of the Armies who was neither willing to accept it himselfe nor yet willingly would condescend to be directed by any other so that their division did by timefully ruine the Armie and almost lost the good cause few or none looking to the weale of the publique but all pleasing their owne fancies suffering the enemie to take advantage every one looking to their particular commodities which did occasion the meeting at Hailbrun The fourty-one Observation AFter his Majesties departure unto Saxony our Briggad which formerly on all occasions followed his Majestie being often the Guard of his person as at his crossing the Rhine and at Miniken were left behind which then we thought very hard as if thereby we had beene lost which may be was the meanes of our safetie for as some flying from danger meet with death others doe finde protection in the very jawes of mischiefe and some others in their sleepe are cast into fortunes lap while as others for all their industrie cannot purchase one smile from her Wee see then that man is but meerely the ball of time being tost too and fro is governed by a power that must be obeyed and we know there is a providence ordering all things as it pleaseth him for which no man is able to finde or give a reason we must therefore beleeve St. Ierome saying Providentiâ Dei omnia gubernantur quae putatur poena medicina est In vaine then we murmur at the things that must be and in vaine we mourne for what we cannot remedie Therefore let this be our chiefe comfort that we are alwayes in the hands of a Royall Protectour what ever then befalls us we must be contented not strugling against power We see also there is nothing more dangerous for Commanders in warres then to be thought once by their fellowes Officers and Souldiers to be greedy of the evill of gaine which opinion once received by inferiours may mightily crosse the fortunes of their Leaders for when Officers and Souldiers conceive an evill opinion of their Leaders no eloquence is able to make them thinke well of them thereafter for a supreme Officer being once remarked to keepe the meanes of those that served them they are without doubt thereafter despised by their followers And therefore he is never worthy the name of a glorious Commander that doth not preferre the vertue of liberalitie before the love of perishing gold otherwise in his teeth he will be aswell despised by the common Soldiers as by his betters for a brave Commander ought never to make an Idol of the moneys which should satisfie Souldiers but he should rather looke unto that which may follow to wit his overthrow or at least his contempt Therefore I would advise Cavaliers that command and leade others to entertaine the affection of those that have served bravely and truly lest being unjustly disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Wee see also the emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable in striving who should force the enemy first unto a parlé where the diligence and valour of Major Sinclaire is praise-worthy who feared nothing but discredit where we see that the enticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour And we see all Arts and sciences are attained unto with diligent exercise So that it is not time or number of yeares that makes a brave Souldier but the continuall meditation of exercise and practise For Souldiers should be frequented in running not to runne away as some doe but on the contrary that with the greatest celerity they may prosecute their enemies taking time in overtaking their flying enemies and that they may the better releeve their friends for more come to be good Souldiers by use then by nature Here also I did see our Generall following Guischardin his counsell that wished to make a silver bridge to let passe our enemies but if the enemy on his retreat would grow carelesse and amuse himselfe once on booty then it were a fit time to medle with him being loaden
òf their Successours punishment which I wish may not happen XV. Before the fall of Kingdomes arise dissensions that overthrow the confederates more than their enemies as it happened here in our late warres of Germanie after the death of his Majestie of Sweden the Dutch Princes especially Saxon slighting his Excellencie the Rex-chancellour of Sweden and his Directorium as Supreame calling him disdainfully a Pedant or a Penman So that wee see that dissension or discord amongst the Superiours was the first cause of the suddaine losse of Nerling Next wee see that the Countrie was destroyed not onely for their sinnes but also for not punishing of sinne For after his Majesties death what punishment was to be seene in our Armie none at all when our owne horsemen plundered their friends not being punished they began to intercept Letters and to robbe the common Poste and to hinder the Countries correspondencie and common traffique which being overseene and winked at by our Generalls they begun then to plunder the Chancelours owne waggons abusing his servants and taking his baggage thereafter the strongest amongst themselves set the weakest party to foote taking away their horses till at last the whole Armie refused to obey the Director and his Concilium formatum lying idle for three moneths in Donavert Leaguer suffering the enemie to over-runne the Countrie and all because that the Officers alleadg'd after his Majesties death that the Scriveners who followed the Chancelour were in better esteeme than the Cavaliers that had done notable good service unto his Majestie so that through this jealousie the Armie came in disorder being the first change and the rest piece and piece did follow till at last the whole Armie was lost through the number of wrongs that went before in the end custome and use of wrongs infected the nature it selfe and the lacke or want of punishment and the libertie and freedome which was given to offend at last the ruine of families that were famous did follow for not punishing of sinne We see then when a potent King and Heroique as Gustavus was in the time hee did live all things florished in a good order but he once gone the Cōmon-wealth was punished for their former sinnes committed in time of their plentie and peace when they had their heaven upon earth as other Nations have now who ought to looke unto themselves in time lest that the Lord raise not up an other Heroique to make them to be punished as other Nations have bin to the eversion of great Cities as Magdeburg and divers others for when the publique burthens doe grow then Governements doe change as was seene here for lawes being cast away and discipline put in fetters then suddenly did follow change and great ruine after the Kings death of worthy memorie XVI Nothing loses more as we see the common cause than the want of authoritie in one person as was formerly said of the Saxons jealousie over the Rex-chancelors Governement Also the same fault was seene in the Armie under Commanders as at Nerling betwixt Supreme Officers as also betwixt their inferiours who for want of one Supreme Commander as Gustavus was they could not agree among themselves Likewise the dissension and jealousie betwixt Duke Barnard and the Rhinegrave helpes nothing to the furtherance of the good cause being both brave Commanders though seldome seene command in one place and it is to be pitied how the Rhinegrave after the losse of Nerling not being bastant against the enemie was forced to swimme the Rhine on horse-backe and dyed soone thereafter who was a renowned valourous Cavalier as ever I was acquainted with of the Dutch Nation serving in those warres all these mischiefes were caused through the want of one Supreme Leader to conduct them as the enemie had Which should teach all men to submit themselves to authoritie lest by doing otherwise they procure their owne ruine XVII To repent a thing when it is done is most foolish which might have beene prevented with counsell for none that doe repent counsell can be esteemed wise Therefore a Counsellour should bee very faithfull never counfelling his friend for his owneayme lest he that is counselled perceive not his drift and then be deceived But counsell is taken from necessitie and follow'd And a good Commander deserves prayse as well for his wisedome as for his valour But evill counsell is a plague or judgement from the Lord yet those counsells are ever safest that come from him that will be partaker both of the danger and of the counsell Therefore it is not good rashly to use the counsell of a Traitor nor of an enemie but wee should rather examine and shift counsells and not trust easily and bee deceived Counsell then we see is the chiefeground to governe matters well being secret true and free without flatterie or respect of persons just and holy casting aside all private gaines and utilitie foreseing the publique weale and if thou wouldest be truly counselled thou must take heed to those Caveats first that the speech be wholesome and unreproveable his counsell profitable his life honest his sentence pleasant not wavering like a childe or unconstant neither ought you aske many what you would doe but shew it to a few and trustie friends which are rare to be found and when thy neere friends cannot resolve thee flee to those for their counsells whose daily experience is approved for their wisedome in their owne affaires and then you shall doe well XVIII Militarie discipline is lost when the crueltie and avarice of Officers is extended in detaining of Souldiers meanes and Supreme Officers neglecting to content Cavaliers make the whole Armie turne rebellious as at Donavert The Concilium formatum and their Treasurer having not given the Armie one monthes meanes complet of the whole contribution they had collected the yeere after his Majesties death but payed themselves and their Secretaries dulie which raised great envie against them the Armie having mutined for want of pay which made them afterward want both the contribution and the Country through misgovernement of their Consilium XIX It is in vaine for a Cavalier to feare any thing but God and the offence of his Supreme Officer for being honest modesty hindering his flight makes him victorious in middest of danger and of his enemies as chanced me and my Collegues at Rugenwoulde in Pomeren having escaped danger by Sea were come to Land in danger of our enemies but the Lord and the dutie we ought our Maister made us abide the danger of our enemies which the Lord turned to our best giving us victorie and freedome Shall I then distrust this God having had this time and divers times before great experience of his mercies God forbid No I will still trust in him doe to mee what he will for I know his mercies goe beyond all his workes and they endure for ever XX. A man unjustly hurt as many were that served the Sweden once escaped their Commanders are now their
greatest enemies for the memorie of injuries received is ever more recent in the Actor than in the patient and is also more difficult to be reconciled as oft times experience doth prove Therefore I would advise my friend not to suffer injurie if he can if injurie be done him not to passe it over for flatterie lest in accepting of a slight satisfaction he should injure himselfe more than the other did But by the contrary I would advise himtimely to repaire himselfe that he may preserve the former dignity Likewise the greater our injuries received are the greater they commove us the more ought our wit to moderate our revenge seeing to moderate our selves and to overcome our desires is the greatest prayse wee can have being revenged Yet injuries doe ever sticke neerer unto us then the remembrance of benefits received for in remembring of benefits wee ascribe the good to our owne merits flattering our selves but on the contrary remembring our injuries received we call them to minde a great deale more cruelly than they were done without moderation I must then advise my friend that he not only prevent the deede of his enemy but also his counsells lest they bring detriment upon him for he ought to be a like with the offer of an injury being a Cavalier and with the intention as if the deede had followed The offering then of a stroke may be repaired with a sword the giving of a lie is repaired with a blow words not tending to disgrace are repaired with words againe the losse of goods is restored by restitution with circumstances convenient and to quarrell for a light occasion is want of understanding especially with thy betters in esteeme For there should be had respect of persons of times and of circumstances observed before a man should quarrell and having once quarrelled I would advise my friend not to be put backe without honourable satisfaction or at least great hazard not coming unto the fields for the first bout or bloud and then to returne with disgrace unthought of by thy selfe though much by others as I have knowne Cavaliers doe XXI In Battaile fighting with the enemy at the first be very slow against a fierce enemie that the enemy being weary your strength fresh and a little succours joyned unto you the enemy is soone beaten and having once begun warre follow it with sword fire spoile slaughter till the streets be full a Rover should never be a Rewer so long as his hands are unto it and you should never give time to the enemy to joyne forces but pursue them ever as they come never neglecting an enemy though he be weake but still keepe a good reserve by your selfe and pursue by parties supplying your owne as they neede and timely and without doubt you shall gaine honour and credit XXII Trust never thy selfe rashly to a reconciled enemy without pledges first had for keeping good peace and being desirous to possesse any thing belonging to thy enemy thou hast neede to use rather diligence then delay that thou mayest catch them unawares as Gustavus did Frankfurt on the Oder And nothing is more to be suspected then a neere enemy which Lansberg did finde after the taking of Franckfurt and nothing is more cruell then a Barbarous enemy as was found by our Regiment at Newbrandenburg and thereafter by our Camerades at Magdeburg XXIII Warres may be taken on by the counsell of sluggards but they must be sustained with the labour and danger of the most valiant as was well seene after Gustavus the invincibles death It was not the Princes confederats or their Consilium was able to doe the turne whose reward to Cavaliers was but paper As their reward was naught so their Consilium turned to nothing and which was worse to contempt except the Director alone who as yet hath kept life in the cause though without their means or assistance and which is more honourable for him he maintaines the warre against them who unworthily have broken their oathes and fidelity having turned their Armes against those who formerly had releeved them to their perpetuall disgrace shame and ignominy having scorned men that had merited well in offering to reward them with paper their punishment is that for their infamy their names shall rot in oblivion Nam ubi orta est culpa ibi poena consistit XXIIII All things here being but humane are unstable and unconstant so that there is nothing sure except true piety and we see our lives bring many things forth contrary to our expectation so that the condition of our humane life containes the first and the last day For it is much to be look't unto with what lucke we did begin and with what we ended We judge him then happy who did receive the light happily and happened to restore it againe pleasantly which that we may doe I humbly crave of God Almighty A short observation of Jntelligence necessary for a Commander COnshaft or Intelligence in an Army is so necessary that without it no direction can be given with assurance without it we cannot discerne betwixt our friends and our enemies who are with us or against us which is the first point a Commander hath to know comming in an enemies country Next he ought to know the strength of his enemies Army foote and horse that he may the better dispose of his owne he ought also to know how his enemy is quartred in Garrison Leaguer Field or Dorpe and what watch they keepe in all those parts And how farre their horsmen doe lie from their foote and how guarded To have certainty of all this he must have some secret friend with the enemy for giving him secret intelligence and that he should not trust too much in one he must have a subtill Boore now and then frequenting without suspition amongst them as ordinarily his Majesty of worthy memory had likewise it were needfull that they deboished some Secretary on their side for getting the Lists of their Strengths Officers and Souldiers as also for their qualities that he might the better dispose himselfe against them in directing private parties on the wayes they travell to get prisoners and failing thereof to fall on their watch or within their quarters He ought also on all marches to have a knowne Boore with him to acquaint him with all passes or straights on which the enemy can repare to him or from him conferring his land mappe with the Boores intelligence which betime would enable him in knowing all the Passes Likewise he ought to have intelligence out of the enemies Leaguer how they were provided of victualls Amunition or forrage and of their healths if there were any infections amongst them or what sport or recreation they used without their quarters and what streetes they goe on and how they are conveyed striving still to get prisoners for the better intelligence how their Amunition is kept and with what Guards that if it were possible accident all fire might be
set to it and for getting this good of intelligence the chiefe Officers would be liberall to those whom they put in trust seeing without it little good service can be effected and the getting of it is the safety of many Cavaliers and their credits Therefore whether he be defender or pursuer intelligence gives him a kinde of assurance in all his actions and the losse or neglect of it hath robbed many a brave Commander of their fame and credit being surprized through over sight as Gustavus Horne was at Bambricke It was also the losse of Hano and Philipsburg Intelligence then being of such moment it should make Generalls and all Commanders under them according to their qualities and charge to be open handed otherwise it is impossible to subsist long not being surprised Of Recognoscing HAving intelligence of our enemies strength how he lies whether in Quarter Garrison Field or Leaguer then having an exployt to goe on we must recognosce on horse or foote according to the exployt we have before us As if we were to blocke up a Towne with a part of an Armie we must first being accompanied with a few Horsemen recognosce the bounds riding the Circuit short or long from it fore-seeing how to divide our number on the Passes Avenues from or towards the Towne to stop out-fallings or in commings in ordering such Workes and Skonces to be made on the passages as may put us in safetie as well against out-fallings as against their pretended Reliefes to come and our watches one from another must keepe due correspondence by their Centries that none can passe betwixt them without advertising one anothers guard Next being to beleaguer a Towne neere hand we ought to recognosce also neerer having first placed our Armie foote and horse Battell without reach of their Cannon though in their view having first directed our parties of horse to batter the streets without us then the Commander is to ride the circuit of the Towne within shot as neere as he can having another riding at a distance behinde him and having a Boore beside him resolving him of all Questions concerning their Ports their Graffes their Bulworkes where weakest and where the Graffe is shallowest which being knowne he disposeth the Armie on severall Posts where againe the Commanders are to recognosce neerer the walls where they can best lodge their greatest bodie in most safetie where to place their Guard before them and where their Centries as also where to place their Batteries and where to beginne their Approaches which being done they are thought the best fellowes that shew most diligence and least losse to come to the walles the same circumstances are to be observed by any Commander who leads a partie before a Strength or Castle to blocke it or beleaguer it having Cannon Pittards and fire-workes with sufficient men and furniture belonging to the Artillerie that can discharge their duties as they are directed by the Commander of the partie who must see to all things himselfe that it be well done as in speciall to the placing of his Batteries and in ordering all things to be brought to the Batteries that are needfull by the Souldiers commanded out to attend the workes beside the guard of the Cannon and of the workemen he must also be very vigilant in visiting the Approaches Batteries and Guards admonishing them to be carefull against out-falls on the Trenches Batteries or Guards giving orders to the Captaine of the Watches to receive the enemie falling out with a strong bodie of Pikes and Muskets closse together to beate them backe being received with Pikes charged bravely flancked and lined with shot which being done to advance their workes againe night and day till the enemy be forced to Accord In the night also a sufficient Sergeant being seconded by another stout fellow should creepe to the Graffe with two halfe-Pikes for to wade through to know the shallowest parts being helpt thereto by some knowne Boore who might give certaintie of the enemies strength within and of their defects they have of victualls Amunition fire or water As also to know their private sorting-Ports to watch their out-commings he ought also to learne what draw-bridges are within and what Portcullis and what store of victualls or Amunition is to be had within in case the Strength be pregnable that he may the better make his Accord Also he ought to learne what Artillery or Armes are within and what Caducks or what number of Horses pertaining to the enemie and what other riches they have and where kept or if otherwise the Towne be not taken by Accord or strength of hand we must strive to force it to yeeld by hunger or by lacke of fire or water or otherwise by throwing Artificiall fire amongst them with Cannon or with other fiery Engins fiering their houses or spoyling their Watches on their Posts or Guards as also we must deale by fraud to convey private Letters unto them for deboysing the Inhabitants to resist the Garrison in making either Port or Post good while as the pursuer intends to fall on on storme or breach Likewise the pursuer had neede to dispose well of his owne watches without that he be not surprized his hooffe-watch particular watches reserves or by-watches are to be still in readinesse to attend the enemies out-falling lest he may cut off his Guards or spoyle his Cannon by nayling of them or by burning their Carriages or Amunition being disgracefull in the highest manner as oft-times hath hapned to unprovident and sluggish Commanders who have unwisely despised their enemies An enemy being in the Field either with a strong partie or Armie a sufficient Commander must be carefull in recognoscing the Field about him for taking his advantage of the ground in advancing to an enemie as also in spying his advantage in case he be put to a Retreat that he may the better retire in order not being put to rout as our Armie was at Nerling which never hapned unto them before during the time I served the Sweden As also being in the Field he ought to observe where most conveniently he can plant his Ordnance as Generall Tillie did at Leipsigh and as the Emperialists did on the Hill at Nurenberg as also at Nerling For Ordnance being planted with advantage is oft-times the winning of the Field and the losse of Artillery is ever reputed and holden for a defeate although both foote and horse be preserved There is also advantage of ground very requisit to be taken by foote against foote as the advantage of hights passages woods hedges ditches as also the advantage of Sunne and Winde with you and against your enemie which his Majestie of worthy memory did strive to get at Leipsigh against the Emperialists Likewise it is a great advantage of ground when one of both the Armies is brought to that inconvenience that they cannot come to fight but the one Armie may be forced to come up but by Divisions while as
the other by advantage of the ground may receive them with full Battailes of horse and foote the one to second the other and this advantage Gustavus Horne did get of the Emperialists while as he retired before them unto Vertenberg-land in March 1633. the enemy not being able to pursue our Armie but with great disadvantage which freed us of them for that time he being stronger than we and afterward the Rhinegraves Forces come from Alsas being joyned with us we made the Emperialists againe retire over the Danube unto Schwaland at the passe of Munderken where we came within Cannon-shot yet they getting the passe retired in safetie as they did another time from us out of Schwabland unto Bierland having got the passe before us at Kempten and afterward over the Eler in Schwabland having I say got the passe before us they were safe and we frustrate So that the advantage of ground is of great importance in warres as I have often knowne by experience especially before the Hill at Nurenberg Likewise a wise Commander being defender must observe all Circumstances as he did in pursuing for his owne safetie he must also being defender beset well all passes and frontier Garrisons whereupon the enemie must passe to come unto him having timely recognosced the same that it may either be beset by him or otherwise being found more advantagious for the enemie it would then be timely demolished As also your enemies Armie or strong partie being drawne up in the field you are to recognosce both his strength and order by the sight of your eye before you intend to pursue him where you are to consider how he can advance to you or you to him without disorder but doe you never pursue except with advantage though you shall be deemed by others to be remisse but rather suffer him to be gone than to take the disadvantage of pursute since time will alter any thing and he that preserves an Armie will doubtlesse finde a convenient time to fight And it had beene good for the Evangelists in Dutchland that this point had beene more wisely lookt unto at Nerling than it was for they might have saved their Armie and Countrey both had they not presumed with disadvantage in their owne strength and courage where GOD the disposer of hearts made their pride suffer a great fall A short Observation to be observed in Garrison ENtering the place before all things you are to visit the Posts and being duely recognosced the round or circuit should be measured and then the Posts to be dealt proportionably according to the severall strengths that no man have just cause to complaine The posts then orderâ—y and well beset there should be orders given for by-watch or reserve where to stand in readinesse whether on the Market-place or some other convenient part having sufficient Officers ever to command them who must be kept to strictnesse of dutie lest they should be to seeke when honour were to be maintained while as on Alarum they were to repaire to poste street or wall to resist the enemie and to succourse the weaknesse of any accident might befall by pursute or fire or to resist enemies within or without being as well on continuall Guard against the Inhabitants in case of uproares or treacherie as against their outward enemies since no enemy is so dangerous as the inward enemy being least suspected Likewise the Governour or Commandant ought to observe and keepe a due proportion in all commandements given either for workes service watches or parties that no man might justly complaine that there is more dutie layd on him than on his neighbour but according to proportion of strength The keyes of the Ports and of all sorting doores and prisons are to be brought in and out by the Captaine of the maine Watch to the Governour and the Captaine of the Watch is to appoint Guards to stand at the draw-bridges Portcullis and sorting Ports and he is obliged to bring all intelligence himselfe unto the Governour and never to open a doore night or day without a sufficient Guard by him with the Limits past for feare he might be surprised and the whole Gartison in danger Also the Governour is to give Orders at night whether every man must resort with their Armes in case of Alarum and the Towne being divided both Burgers and Souldiers should know their Posts they are to repaire to from the Alarum place And to supply the defects of the fortifications the Towne should be divided into equall deales to worke their day about with all materialls needfull for repayring the defects that there be nothing to mend when they ought to fight and to that effect Officers should be appointed by the Governour to over-see the workes that things may be the better done and the Governour must often visit all himselfe taking reckoning what is done every day till all be put in good order The Governour ought to have a Register of all inquartering that he may the better be made acquainted by the Burgers of every mans behaviour for keeping good order He ought also to have account of all victualls in their store-houses both of Corne and all other furniture and of all Caducks within the Garrison and the out-setting of all safeguards belongs unto him as his due He ought to suffer no man to make commoditie without his knowledge but all to put in to him that he may the better maintaine his state and entertaine strangers seeing he ought to be a good fellow and a common receipt for commers and goers otherwise he will faile to be thought of and he must give orders to the Captaine of the watch that no man come or goe without his knowledge under paine of punishment and the Captaine of the watch should direct those that enter the Citie having seene their passes with a Convoy and an Officer by night or by day unto the Governour to be inquired of at his pleasure The Governour as he ought to give out the word so he ought to see all Parads at the ordinary time they goe to watch where comming off againe they ought to repaire to the Parad-place and draw up orderly before they lodge their Colours and the Governour is obliged to visit the Posts and to goe the round himselfe and to make the rest goe the rounds orderly after him Likewise it is his due to command out all parties being first drawne up on the Parad-place seeing them to be provided of Amunition and of all necessaries before their parting giving strict orders that at their returnes all bootie be brought orderly before him and nothing to be put out of the way or aside on the paine of punishing the Officer that commanded the partie and the goods being knowne they are to be confiscated to the Governour seeing all bootie ought to be distributed at his discretion and in dividing the Quarters the Governour ought to have allowed him some free houses to contribute to his Kitchen as also some houses
without suspition within shot of Cannon But when either Trumpeter or Drummer is sent with letters or message to prisoners he ought before he come neere the Guards sound his Trumpet or beate his Drumme giving advertisment to the Guards before he enter within their outward Centries otherwise he is lyable to the highest punishment but having law fully aduertised the Guard an Officer by command of the Captaine of the watch with a Convoy of Musketiers ought to meete him and having enquired for his commission and passe and seene his open letters having search't him for private letters and finding none then he ought to sile or blinde him up and convay him blinded unto the chiefe Commander who receives his letters reades and delivers them and then after he being siled up againe he is convaied unto the Gavilliger where he is kept till he be ready and suffered to depart againe with open Letters being convayed out as he came in and no Prisoner ought to deliver any letters though open to any man till first he acquaint his Guard who ought to impart it to the Commander of the pâ—ce and it is ordinary to Governours or Commanders to whom Trumpeters or Drummers doe come having received their answer being brought siled from the Gavilligers unto their lodging first to talke merrily with them and then to cause attenders drinke to them till they be merrry and then being siled againe they are convayed without the whole Contries having their passe they are free to returne Prisoners having agreed for their Ransomes or being exchanged out for others they ought not be suffered to depart without getting first the Generalls passe and then he may goe with a Trumpeter or without one to the next friendly Garrison For quartering an Army in field upon March Dorpe Towne or Leaguer An Observation A Commander ought not be ignorant of the circumstances belonging to the quartering of an Army therefore for the better Information of the younger sort who have not seene such Marches as I have bin at with his Majesty of worthy memory who quartered his Army Summer or Winter according as the occasion or neerenesse of his enemy did offer where many times the whole winters night the Army horse foote and Artillery being without fire did stand in battaile order by their Armes in the fields having placed their Artillery apart with a guard to attend them their baggage also being behinde them apart and well guarded and a maine guard being commanded out apart before the Army of horse and foote And the Armies being neere one another all Officers were commanded to abide on their severall charges as they were commanded on the March to leade Briggads Troopes or Divisions The commanded men being also apart next unto the enemy with their Officers by them which all being orderly quartered in this first manner they entertained one another with such dainties as the time afforded passing the night with variety of merry jests and discourses till day that either Drumme or Trumpet did invite them unto earnest The second forme of our quartering was in the fields not being neere an enemy where we quartered a little more commodiously for our ease being commonly drawne up by foure or five of the clocke in the afternoone neere some Towne or Village in some faire meadow by water if it could be had in the Summer and in the Winter being quartered we drew neere the side of some wood both for fire and for build or shelter The Army drew up in battaile by Briggads as they marched where behinde the place the Briggads drew up unto at a reasonable distance their quarters were marked out severally according as they stood in battaile and before the Briggads removed from their Armes their guards were first commanded out every Briggads guard being placed at a distance of foure score paces from their Colours where they were appointed to watch and the watch being set Centries were put to the Colours and then the Pike-men were ordained to six their Pikes fast in the ground as they stood in battaile the Musketiers also were ordained in dry wether to set up their Muskets in order in even front with their Colours but when it rained they were commanded to keepe them carefully dry by themselves which all orderly done they were suffered part and part to goe and provide themselves of straw and fire providing also many times well for their Officers Kitchins beside The Artillery and Amunition waggons being also drawne up a part and well guarded their horses were sent to grasse for good quarters then the Baggage and wagons as they came up did draw up orderly behinde their owne Regiments and their horses being sent to grasse the Officers Tents were set up orderly at a distance before their Colours and then cookes went to dresse meate and all being returned to quarters before supper the whole Drummes of the Army did beate before their severall Briggads inviting all to publique prayers which were never forgotten And after prayers the Majors of the Regiments did give out orders for that night to the Sergeants and for up-breaking the next morning and then all went to meate first and next to rest and the whole horsmen were drawne up in this fashion and parties were sent out of their quarters to batter the streets two or three mile off the whole night lest we should be surprised by an enemy without intelligence The next morning Drummes having called all to Armes the Briggad that had the Van marched out first in a new ground and drew up the Briggad that had the Van the day before marched out drawing up on their left hand having fallen backe one degree from the Van and then the rest of the Briggads drew out orderly one after another till the left hand of the foote Army were closed up and then they went to prayers and the prayers ended they marched the Baggage marching after being drawne up in order as the Briggads or Regiments did march so did they The Artillery marched with the Briggads in part and the rest marched before the Army with their Convoyes and guard of Musketiers which were changed every two dayes being commanded men out of all Regiments proportionally having Officers commanded them accordingly Thus much of quartering in the fields The third manner of quartering an enemy being a farre off and we neere Townes onely in cold weather quarterings were given for the Hoffestaffe being the King or Generall and their followers and the principall Officers of the Army including his Majesties houshold whose quarters were first appointed by the generall quarter-master in the Townes and next to the Hoffe-staffe the Colonells that commanded Briggads were quartered and next to them the Colonells of Regiments their Officers and Souldiers agreat part and the best of the quarters ordained for the Officers belonging to the Artillery their horses and servants The Artillery and baggage standing without the Towne those who quartered within the Towne had allowance of free meate and drinke
some others are wrapped up in fortunes lap 174 M. Intelligence the good of it most necessary to an Army 179 Y. K. Kinphowsen affirmed that one ounce of good fortune was better then a pound weight of wit 10 O. The King of Sweden doubted never to let put in execution what he once commanded 16 Y. The King of Sweden in extremity of cold being all wet did eate before he changed clothes 21 D. The King of Sweden though stout was seene to stoope for a Cannon Bullet 22 D. The King of Sweden did outshoote old Tilly in experience 25 I. The King of Sweden did discharge the duty of a Generall Major before Francfurt 31 T. The King of Sweden when his Army was weakest he digged most in the ground 41 H. The King of Sweden at Berlin forced the Duke of Brandenburg to quit the Saxon. 43 M. The King of Sweden was alike ready to governe the State as to fight his Enemies 46 Q. The King of Sweden caused draw his great Cannon through the River of the Elve on their Carriage 49 W. The King of Sweden his order in defending his Leaguer worthy observance 51 The King of Sweden seekes advice of his chiefe Officers at Verben 52 B. The King of Sweden with a strong party chased the Emperialists within their Army 54 F. The Kings prudency and wisdome in command answerable to the dignity of his Majesticke person 57 I. When a King fights a battell he puts much on hazard 62 Q. The King of Sweden makes merry with the Duke of Saxon at Hall 74 L. The King of Sweden for the advancement of the warre made a like use of Protestants and Lutherans 77 R. Kings or Princes have no other charters then their sword and the oath of fidelity 77 S. The King of Sweden to march over Duringvault did divide his Army 78 T. The King of Sweden caused publish and Edict in Franconia 85 D. The King of Sweden considering the weakenesse of his Army at Wertzburg gave out some monies 86 H. The King of Sweden steered his course aright at Wertzburg 87 H. The King of Sweden alike able tam arte quà m Marte 87 I. The King of Sweden marched through Francfurt as in a solemne precession for order 89 L. The King of Sweden Patriot and Protector of Religion in Germany 90 P. The King of Bohemia wonderfully well liked of by the Cities and Commonalty in Germany 91 R. The King of Sweden made no difference of seasons to pusue his Enemies 92 V. The King of Sweden in six monthes freed the Paltz of all the Enemies 94 Y. The King of Sweden for his Sisters sake the Queene of Bohemia in one night did anger the King of Spaine the Emperour and the King of France 93 Y. The King of Sweden and his Chancellour sate whole dayes at Counsell 100 H. The King of Sweden his peremptory answer to the French Ambassadour at Mentz 100 K. The King of Sweden did grant a stil stand on a condition 105 P. The King of Sweden entertained foure whole Armies at once 107 A. The King of Bohemia his discourse with the Scots Briggad at Vinchen 110 D. The King of Sweden and the King of Bohemia nobly received by the Lords of Nurenberg 111 F. The King of Sweden gives God thankes in Saint Annes Church at Ausburg 117 R. The K. of Swedé his speech coÌ„siderable his horse being shot under him 123 D. The King of Sweden a good shepherd 130 O. The King of Sweden finding the Enemy strong gave some contentment unto his weake Army 131 Q. The King of Sweden and the Emperiall Army had the eyes of all Europe fixed on their Actions 140 E. The King of Sweden rides at Anchor as at a Bay under Nurenberg 140 F. The King of Sweden defeats a party of the Emperialists at Bosbore in the upper Paltz 145 M. The King of Sweden ever enemy to idlenesse 151 X. The King of Sweden divideth his Army in Bavier to march into Saxony 159 I. The King of Sweden having thanked the Scots Briggad left them in Bavaria to be strengthened 159 M. The King of Sweden on his march to Saxony did cut off with a party three hundred Emperialists 160 N. The King joyned his Army with Duke Bernard of Wymar in Duringlang 160 N. The King of Sweden leaving the Queene at Erford made a speech to the Counsill 160 O. The King of Sweden crossed the Leake with the Army and marched to Nawmberg 161 P. The King of Sweden caused to throw off the Bridges on the Sale 161 P. The King of Sweden as a Souldier troubled with a double care 161 Q. The King of Sweden his exhortation to the people 161 R. The King of Sweden compared to the Sunne 162 S. The King of Sweden his exhortation at Leitzen to fight well 163 T. The King of Sweden having charged bravely his enemies being thrice wounded fell at Leitzen 164 W. A King ought never to endanger himselfe his Crowne and Country on a day of battle 166 The King of Sweden at Leitzen discharged alike the duty of a King and of a Souldier 167 A. The King of Sweden his confession as a sinner before death 168 C. The King of Sweden praised a Simili 168 C. L. When Love and feare is in the hearts of inferiours then the command is not burdensome nor the obedience slavish 14 V. We ought to Live so as we are commanded to live well 14 V. Lievetenant George Heatly a valorous young man was shot here at Damaine and slaine afterwards at Vberline in Schwabland being a Captaine of my Regiment 17 Z. Lievetenant Colonell Liâ—desey and Captaine Moncreeffe both slaine in defence of Newbrandenburg 23 F. Three things pleasant in Gods sight the Love betwixt brethren the friendship betwixt neighbours and the Loyalty betweene man and wife 28 P. The Love of Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne to his Lady at her death 29 R. The Love of man and wife should be free of gall despite anger and of bitternesse 29 S. Lievetenant Colonell Butler commended for his valour 34 Y. Lievetenant Colonell Dowbattle surprised the watch before Lantsberg 39 E. Who can Labour an Army as Gustavus did before Leipsigh he may drinke the best wine groweth under the Empire 69 A. Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy wounded 111 E. The Leaguer at Nurenberg went in a circular Orbe round the City 132 V. A new Leaguer made at Nurenberg in despite of the Enemy 151 W. Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire killed at Newmarke 178 V. Lievetenant Colonell Sinclaire his death lamented 180 M. He ought to be Modest and secret that maintaines a Strength or Fort. 10 P. Major Synot died at Statin 12 R. Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto made a brave shew of a slight game 24 I. Major Bruntfield died at Buckestehood of his wounds 24 I. Meleager refusing to stirre for father or mother at the desire of his wife Cleopatra he tooke Armes and preserved the City from ruine 29 S. Major Sinclaire and