that they would obserue what soeuer he determined whervpon they yeelded I iudge then quoth he that none of you depart this Temple before you bee reconciled Thus were they coÌ„strained to agree between themselues Archidamus freed from loosing their friendships whoÌ„ he deerly loued The Egyptians shewed signes of stronger friendship to their friends beeing dead then when they were lyuing Scipio Affricanus going against the Numantines deuided his Army into 500. companies and made one band which hee called Philonida the band of friends Mithridates sought to driue Nicomedes forth of Bithinia vvho vvas friende to the Romaines and gaue the Romans so much to vnderstand to vvhom the Senate made aunswer that if he warred vpon Nicomedes he should likewise feare the force of the Romaines Appian Cicero and Clodius Tiberius and Affricanus froÌ„ mortall foes became faithful friends Scipio greatly complained that men were very skilfull in numbring their Goates and Sheepe but few could reckon their friends Alexander helde Aristotle deere Darius Herodotus Augustus Piso Pampeius Plaâ—tus Titus Plinie Traiane Plutarch Anthonius Apollonius Theodotius Claudius Seuerus Fabatus Pericles beeing desired by a friende to ayde him with false witnes aunswered That hee would friend him as high as the heauens meaning that men should ayde theyr friends so far as iustice gods lawes did permit Thu. Plato seeing he could not bring the Common-wealth to happines by vertue reduced all lawes to friendship deuising all things to be common affirming that two only words namely Mine Thine where the things that disturbed the society of man Homer giueth Achilles a Patroclus Virgill an Achates vnto Aeneas Alexander had his Hephestion Darius his Zopirus and Scipio his Laelius Dion and Iulius Caesar had rather die then distrust theyr friends Plu. Augustus wanting his olde friends Maecenas and Agrippa said that if they had lyued hee had not fallen into the troubles hee vvas then in Seneca Scaurus and Cataline the conspirators against Rome and Brutus and Cassius the murtherers of Caesar held great leagues and confederacie together but in no sort they could be called friends for there can bee no true amitie vvhere is no vertue Among heauenlie bodyes Mercury Iupiter Sol and Luna are friendes to Saturne but Mars and Venus are his enemies All the Planets sauing Mars are friendes to Iupiter and all the rest of the Planets sauing Venus hate Mars Iupiter and Venus loue Sol. Mars Mercury and Luna are his enemies and all the rest of the Planets loue Venus except Saturne Iupiter Venus and Saturne are friendes to Mercury Sol Luna and Mars are hys enemies There are inclinations of friendship in vigâ—able mineralls as the Loadstone hath to yron the Emerald hath to riches and fauours the stone Iaspis to child-birth the stone Achates to eloquence and Naptha â—ot onely draweth fire vnto it but fire leapeth vnto it where soeuer it is the like dooth the roote Aproxes Such friendship is betweene the male and female Date tree that when a bough of the one shall touch a bough of the other they fold themselues into a naturall embracing neuer doth the female bring forth fruit without the male Vines loue the Elme tree the Oliue the Mirtle likewise loueth the Oliue the Fig-tree and if the Almond tree grovve alone it will proue vnfruitfull There is friendship betweene the Blacke-bird and the Thrush betweene the Choffe and the Heron betweene the Peacocks and the Doues Isodorus Cato the Censor had a Ring vvhereon was engrauen Esto amicus vnius et inimicus nullius Bee friende to one and enemie to none Plinie Of Loue. All the Arts and Sciences of the worlde may in time be learned except the Art of Loue the which neither Salomon had skill to write nor Asclepias to paynt nor Ouid to teach Helen to report or Cleopatra learne beeing a continuall Schoolemaister in the hart whose diuine furies are Propheticall misticall poeticall amatorial consecrated to Apollo Bacchus the Muses and Venus THe Poets meane nothing els by those tovvnes of Adamant vvhich they vvrite of but the loue of Cittizens vvho by no force or policie can be ouercome so long as in hart they hold together The Grecians so long as they continued at peace among themselues they vvere coÌ„querers of all men but after that ciuill discention had once entered in amongst them they fell daily more and more to such ruine that in fewe yeeres they became laughing-stocks to all the world Plutarch Balsaria when Calphurinus Crassus vvas taken captiue of the Messalines and shoulde haue beene offered for a sacrifice vnto Saturne shee deliuered Crassus from death made him conquerer Caluce after Troy vvas destroyed vvhen King Lycus her Father sayling into Lybia had appointed to kill Diomedes for sacrifice to appease the Gods for vvind vveaâ—â—er she deliuered him from her Father and sâ—ued his lyfe Scipio Affricanus esteemed so much the Poet Ennius aliue that being dead hee caused his picture to bee set before his eyes as a memoriall of his great loue Plutarch Pomponius Atticus thought himself happie when either Cicero was in his sight or his bookes in his bosome Plato in his booke intituled Conuiuium interlaceth Comicall speeches of loue hovvbeit al the rest of the supper there is nothing but discourses of Philosophy Alexander loued highly Apelles insomuch that after he had made him draw out a Iâ—eman of his naked whom hee likewise loued deerely vnderstanding that he was enamored on her he bestowed her on him Alexander vvould haue his picture drawne by none but Apelles nor cut by any in brasse but onely Lysippus so greatly did he affect them Curtius Stagerita the towne where Aristotle vvâ—â— borne beeing destroyed by Philip of Macâ—â—don Alexander his sonne for the loue heâ— bare to his Maister Aristotle reedified thâ— same againe Valerius seruaunt to Panopion hearing that certaine souldiours came vnto the Cittie of Rheatina of purpose to kill his master hee changed apparrell with his maister and conueyed him away suffering himselfe to be slaine in his Masters bed for the great loue he bare him The Persians for the affection they bare to theyr horses when they died buried them Alexander made a tombe for Bucephalus Seuerus the Emperour for the loue hee bare to Pertinax whom Iulianus slew willed that men shoulde euer after call him Pertinax Eutrop. A Persian vvoman beeing asked why shee had rather saue the life of her brother then of her owne sonne Because sayd she I well may haue more children but neuer no more brothers seeing my father and mother are dead Eros the seruant of Antonius hauing promised to kill his Maister when hee requested him drevv his sword and holding it as if hee would haue killed him turned his Maisters head aside and thrust the sword into his own body Plutarch Agesilaus was fined by the Ephories because he had stolne away the harts wonne the loue of all his cittizens to himselfe The Emperour Claudius did neither loue nor hate but
funerals Oceanus was the great God of the Sea Soâ— to Caelum and Vesta the Father of all the Riuers Tethis was Goddesse of the Sea vvife of Oceanus and mother to all the Sea Nymphs Triton was the sonne trumpeter of Neptune begotten by him of Amphitrite Ouid. Glaucus a fisher perceauing the fishes which he had taken by tasting of an hearbe on the banke to leape into the Sea againe tasted therof him selfe and by the vertue therof was forced to leape into the Sea whence he was called one of the Sea Gods Idem Nereus was likewise a God and Nereides the Faieries of the Sea borne of Oceanus and Tethis Proteus a God of the Sea was some-times like a flame of fire somtimes like a Bul some times like a Serpent he fed Neptunes fishes called Phocae Castor and Pollux the twinnes of Laeda begotten by Iupiter in the forme of a Swanne vvhen they came to age scoured the sea of Pyrats therefore vvere counted the gods of the sea For the infernal goods looke in the chapter of hell The Assyrians vvorshipped Belus the Egiptians Apys the Chaldeans Assur the Babylonians the deuouring Dragon the Pharaons the statue of gold the Palestines Belzebub The Romaines chiefely honoured Iupiter the Affricans Mars the Corinthians Apollo the Arabians Astaroth the Aeginians the Sunne those of Achaia the Moone the Sidonians Belphegor and the Ammonites Balim The people of India honored Bacchus the Lacedemonians Ogyges the Macedonians Mercurie the Ephesians the Goddesse Diana the Greekes the goddesse Iuno the Armenians Liber the Troyans Vesta the Latines Februa the Tarentines Ceres the Rhodians Ianus Apollonius Vaginatus vvas worshipped that theyr châ—dren might not cry Ruminus was the God of sucking babes Stellinus of their first going Adeon theyr guide vvhen they vvent well Cunius vvas adored for the safetie of theyr chyldren in Cradles VVhen the Emperour Seuerus vvarred against the Gaules his vvife Iulia was deliuered of a daughter vvhose sister Mesa a Persian sent vnto the Empresse a Cradle for her childe made all of Vnicornes horne fine golde round about vvhich vvas artificially painted the image of the God Cunius Mentalis was theyr God of vvit Fessoria of trauailers and pylgrims Pelonia had the charge to conquer their enemies Rubigo to keepe their Vines from vvormes and the Corne from Locusts Muta vvas theyr God vvhom they prayed vnto to the end that theyr enemies might not speake euill of them Genoria vvas a goddesse among the Grecians vvhich chased away sloth and Stimulia they fained to be a goddesse which hastened them about theyr bâ—sinesse her Image was sette vp ouer the gate of the Senate house Vallonia vvas the goodesse of their vallies Segetia of their seeds Tutillina of their fields Ruana of their Reapers Forculus vvas the god of Goldsmithes Portulus vvas the God of their gates Cardea of theyr doores Psora vvas the goddesse of dishonest vvomen in Rome were 40. streets of common vvomen in the middst of which vvas theyr Temple Theatrica kept theyr Theaters in vvhich might well stand aboue 20. thousand and as many vnderneath her Temple was in the market of Cornelia vvhich Domitian destroyed because in his presence one of the Stages broke and killed many men Pulio Cloacina was goddesse of the stoole and of those that were troubled with the wind Collick Quies of their rest whose Temple Numa Pompilius built without the Citty noting therby that man in this world could neuer haue pleasure or rest The gods of Troy more enuied the gods of Greece then the Princes of Greece did the princes of Troy Vulcan Pallas were their enemies Apollo and Venus their friends The Phylosopher Bruxellis being ready to dye told the Romaines that where in times past they had but 5. Gods namely Iupiter Mars Ianus Berecynthia and Vesta he let for euery one of them a priuate God to 28000. housholds 28000. gods Aurel. The Egiptians although they were the first that excelled in the knowledge of celestiall and naturall things in somuch as Egipt was called the mother of Arts yet they aboue all others superstitiously worshipped Leeks and Onions Macrobius The Heathen honoured thirtie thousand Gods as Hesiodus vvriteth adored three hundred Iupiters as Marcus Varro vvitnesseth M. Cato vvorshipped his grounds desiring them to bring forth in aboundance and to keepe his Cattell safe Diagoras burning an Image of Hercules said Thou must now doe me seruice in this thirteene encounter as well as thou hast done to Euristheus in the other twelue The Assirians vvorshipped as many Gods as they had townes and the Grecians as many as they had fancies Melissus an auncient King of Creet dyd first of all others sacrifice to the Gods Vr Chaldaeorum the fire of the Chaldeans called also Orimasda that is holy fire vvas the first occasion of Idolatry this fire kings caused to be vsually carried before them vppon an horse There arose a great vvarre betvveene the Alleynes and the Armenians the occasion thereof vvas for that as they came to the feast of Olympus they fell in contention vvhether of theyr Gods were the better by reason of vvhich vvarre their CoÌ„monwealth and people were brought into great misery which the Emperour Adrianus perceiuing sent Iulius Seuerus vtterly to ouerthrovve those that vvould not bee ruled by his sentence vvhom he thus pacified willing that the Alleynes should take for their Gods the Armenians Gods and the Armenians the Gods of the Alleynes Pulio de dissol reg Of Antiquities The knowledge of Antiquities first inuention of things was so much in request among the Auncients that Plinie Marcus Varro Macrobius historiographers no lesse graue then true were in great controuersie for proouing what things were most auncient THere were seauen which first gaue lawes to the vvorlde Moses to the Hebrewes Solon to the Athenians Lycurgus to the Lacedemonians Numa Pompilius to the Romans Asclepeius to the Rhodians Minos to the Cretans and Phoroneus to the Egyptians Diod. Siculus All Counsellors and Lawyers of Rome did call the lavves that were most iust Forum in memory of Phoroneus The true and most auncient mettals be not of golde but yron much time passed in the Empire of Rome wherein the Romains had no mony but of brasse or yron the first coyne that was made to be melted in Rome of gold vvas in the time of Scipio Affricanus Corynthus the sonne of Orestes trayned by his Father to scoure the Sea and commit Ilands to spoyle reedifyed the Fortresse of Sisiphus a notorious Pyrat and called it Corinthus by his owne name so that this citty was fyrst built by tyrants gouerned by Tyrants and destroyed by tyrants Rome was builded by Romulus Ierusalem by Salem Alexandria of Alexander Antioche of Antiochus Constantinople before Bizantium of Constantinus Numantia in Spayne of Numa Pompilius In the Cittie of Numantia was but one crafts man he a Smith others they would not consent shoulde liue among theÌ„ saying That all such thinges euery man ought
rich crowne of â—old and offer it to Apollo but the common â—reasure being poore the vvomen defaced â—heir Owches and Iewels to make it with all â—or which they had graunted three things to â—eare on their heads garlands of flowers to goe in chariots and openly to the feasts of â—he Gods Theseus asked of the Gods three things good fortune want of inward sorrow such glory as was neither false counterfaite nor â—ained of three other boones which he prayed of Neptune the third was in his fury curâ—ing his sonne Hyppolitus and wishing his violent death which after it was granted he repented him Cicero Demonides hauing crooked feet lost both of his shooes where-vpon he desired God â—hat his shoone might serue his feet that had â—ound them VVhen Alcibiades was condemned by the Athenians they commaunded the religious people of either sexe to curse him which one of them refused to doe saying that they had entered religion not to make vniust but iust prayers Thucydides Sylla Tiberius Caligula and Nero neueâ— could but commaund and kill on the other side Augustus Titus and Traianus could not but pray and pardon in such manner that they ouercame praying as the other fighting The Lacedemonians custome was not to craue any thing of their Gods but what was of importance and consequence saying thaâ— all smal matters were to be obtained by manâ— industry Plinie in an oration he made in the prayse of Traiane commended the custome of the Auntients to make inuocation before the beginning of their work and sayd that there could be no assured nor wise beginning of any enterprise without the especiall ayde and counsaile of God In Athence was a temple dedicated to Mercy which the Athenians kept so well watched and locked that without leaue licence of the Senate none might enter therein in this temple were only the Images of pittiful men and none entered there to pray and doe sacrifice but those that vvere pittifull Macrobius Isocrates prayed God to saue and keepe him from his friends rather then his enemies saying of his enemies he could be wary â—ecause I trust them not so can I not of my â—â—iends because I haue assured confidence 〈◊〉 them Octauius prayed GOD that it might be â—yde that by him the common wealth of â—ome was preserued from all danger and at â—is death to carry with him that hope that 〈◊〉 might remaine many ages in that estate â—e left it Suetonius A poore man craued an almes of the Emâ—erour Maximilian and told him that they â—ame both of one Father to wit Adam and â—o consequently were brethren desiring broâ—herly to deale with him to whom the Emâ—erour gaue a small peece of siluer whereat â—hen he saw the poore man discontented he told him that he ought to take it in good worth saying that if euery one of his breâ—hren would giue him as much he should â—uickly be richer then himselfe Anthony distressed by the King of Parâ—â—ia held vp his hands to heauen saying if aâ—y disdaine of GOD remayned of his forâ—er fortunes hee desired it might fall vpon â—im so the Romaine army might be freed â—nd haue the victory Appian Virginia the daughter of Virginius for that her Father was a Plebeian was forbidden to doe sacrifice with other Romaine matrone in the temple of Chastity wherfore she madâ— a temple of her own house to the Goddesse for which the Senate made her a Patritiaâ— Liuius Claudius defiled the faire matrone Obeâ—â—na as he found her praying in the temple 〈◊〉 Minerua who condemned for sacriledge escaped punishment by bribes Brutus not satisfied in killing Caesar madâ— his prayers vnto Iupiter and the hoast 〈◊〉 heauen to plague Caesar and his posterity VVhen the Cretans were vngently intreated of the Romaines they did not pray 〈◊〉 their Gods to send them pestilence warre and famine or sedition but that they woulâ— suffer new customes manners and fashion to be brought amongst them The praier of old Cato was that the couâ—â— of pleas might bee set with linnes and 〈◊〉 to take the professors of the brawâ—â—â— study of law Plutarch Alexander caused his Horse Bucephalus be buried Augustus his Parrot and Heliogabalus his Sparrow at whose obsequieâ— hee prayed and caused the body to be embalmed Of Vertue The Hebrewes by reason of the tenne Comâ—aundements boasted that they had the cheefest â—od and the summe of all Vertue MArcus Marcellus building a Temple which he called the Temple of Honor 〈◊〉 so place situate the same as none could â—aue any entrance therein except hee came â—â—rough the Temple of Vertue Liuius The Romans did not onely assigne the â—hiefest places to men of vertue but likewise â—ubliquely they gaue them Speares Horse-â—appings and Garlands Tacitus VVhen the Romaine Victors rode in tryâ—mph a slaue sate behind them striking them 〈◊〉 vpon the necke that they shoulde reâ—ember themselues and not be proude and â—hat euery man shoulde hope by vertue to â—ome to the like dignity Plutarch Fabius for his vertues was sirnamed Maxiâ—â—us where before he was called Gurges Alexanders vertues purchased him the sirâ—ame of great Plut. It is recorded of Fabius that it was as hard â—o draw him from his honestie and vertues as the sunne from his course Eutropius Camillus for a disgrace happening to him in Rome was banished into Campania where his vertues and seruice in the vvars oâ— that country succeeded so happily with him that hee returned to Rome not as an offender but in great tryumph No Athenian excelled Alcibiades eytheâ— for vertue or vice Iustinus Socrates made him to weepe for that hee shewed him by liuely reasons that he vvas 〈◊〉 lesse estimation then a base hinde if hee haâ— not vertue and that it behooued him to bâ— sorrowfull The Rhodians and the Lydians had a lawe that those sonnes which followed not they fathers in theyr vertues but liued viciously should be disinherited and theyr lands giue to the most vertuous of that race not admitting any impious heyre vvhat-soeuer Varro For that Artaxerxes Mnemon was a vertuous Prince delighted in peace the succeeding kings of Persia were called by his name Basilius Emperour of Constantinople aâ— his death exhorted Leo his sonne to vertuous actions and not to become slaue to hyâ— owne affections by good lyfe and studie oâ— â—odlines to beautifie his soule shewing himâ—â—lfe the image and Lieuetenant of the Knig 〈◊〉 heauen Theophrastus Demetrius the scholler of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 he had ten yeeres gouerned the state of â—hence hauing in memory of his vertues â—â—ree hundred and threescore statues erected 〈◊〉 Greece yet were they all through enuie â—oken dovvne which when he heard of he 〈◊〉 Though they burne my pictures yet cannot â—â—ey burne the vertuous cause of them Theoprastus Alexander vvilled that the Grecians and Barbarians shoulde no more be disguised by â—â—eyr garments but that the Grecian should be knowne by vertue and the Barbarian by 〈◊〉 accounting all vertuous men Greciâ—ns and all vicious Barbarians Quint. Curâ—â—us Menander King
the tongue ought to vtter nothinâ— that is iniurious to the Creator thereof P. Diacorius Socrates had alvvayes one and the same countenance all his life time hee was neuer sadder nor pleasanter for any thing that happened vnto him Plato P. Rutilius being vniustly banished neuer changed his behauiour neyther would put on any other Gowne then that he vsed to weare although it was the custome of such as were banished to alter the same Q. Metellus sirnamed Numidicus for conquering Numidia being banished went into Asia where he frequented playes and receauing letters froÌ„ the Senate to call him home againe the newes hee bare with as great modesty as his exile with constancy not departing from the Theater before the sports were ended One casting Diogenes in the teeth with his banishment from Pontus by the Synopians answered I haue bounded them with the Country of Pontus Aristides wheÌ„ Dionisius desired his daughter in marriage hee aunswered that hee had rather see her deade then the wife of a Tyrant And hauing slaine her he was againe asked if he continued in that mind I am quoth he sorry for the fact but glad that I haue so spoken Cato notwithstanding the affliction of hys Country in him was neuer seene any alteration but had alvvayes one cheere and one countenaunce as well beeing repulsed as when he was Pretor Plutarch It is recorded of Saint Anthony and Saint Hillary that they suffered wonderful temptations in the desert yet did not forbeare euen there to doe great seruice to theyr Creator Aulus Vitellius a most victorious Emperour of all others vvas so inconstant that he would say and vnsay with one breath and vvas as vvauering in all his actions as a vvethercocke Sextus Pompeius for his vvonderful mutabilitie vvas much defamed The Common-wealth of the Sicyonians endured longer then that of the Greekes Egyptians Lacedemonians or the Romains and the reason thereof vvas because that in seauen hundred and forty yeeres they neuer made any new lawes or brake their old Lact. The Egyptians rather choose to dye theâ— to reueale any secrets though they be neuer so much racked and tormented Macrob. Aesope the bondman of Demosthenes waâ— often vrged by torture to confesse his Maisters dealing with Iulian but could neuer be brought to acknovvledge any thing vntill at the length Demosthenes himselfe disclosed it Fulgosius Anasillus Captaine of the Athenians vvas taken of the Lacedemonians and put to the torture because hee shoulde tell vvhat hee knew and vvhat the King Agesilaus his master did intend to vvhom hee aunswered You Lacedemonians haue liberty to dismember mee but I haue none to reueale my Lordes secrets Plutarch Octauius Consull of Rome vvhen Marius was banished at his repeale was vvarned by the Augurs to take heede of him and Cinna but he constantly determining not to leaue the citty while he was Consull went to them in his roabes with the Roddes and the Axes carried before him and his friendes bringing him a horse to flee he refused so to doe but abode the stroake of Censorinus who carried his head to Cinna Appian Labienus who in Syllas tyme had kylled many that were proscribed thinking that himselfe might well be reproued if he should not suffer death resolutely went home to his house sate downe in his chayre and tarried the comming of those whom Anthonie sent to take away his lyfe Appian Of Friendship The Romaines perceiuing the necessitie of Friendship shadowed the same in the shape of a young man whose heade vvas bared and vpon his breast was written Sommer and VVinter who hauing his breast open putting his finger to his hart had therein sette Farre and neere on the skirts of his coate were drawn Life and death ARtorius a Romane at the siege of Ierusalem beeing in a place that was sette on fire looking from the top of the house sawe one of his friends by Titus to whom he said Friend Lucius get on thy armour and come neere that I may leap downe vpon thee and thou maist receiue me Lucius stood for his friende who light vpon him with such force that they both died which friendship Titus caused to be noted to after ages Vrbanus Alcibiades beeing desirous to know vvhether he had so many friendes as hee thought hee called them all one after another into a darke place shewed vnto them the image of a dead body saying that it was a man whoÌ„ he had killed and requesting them to helpe him to carry the same away amongst them all hee found none but Callias that vvoulde harken vnto him Cyrus alvvayes placed his friendes on hys left side as neere his hart Xenophon The friendship of Ionathan and Dauid could not bee hindered by the vvrath of the Father of the one nor any ioâ—e changed although he knew that his friend should afterward raigne ouer him notwithstanding hee were by inheritance to succeede next his father in the kingdome There was but one Orestes and yet Pylades called himselfe Orestes and was condemned to die vnder that name onelie to saue the life of his companyon Dion of Syracusa vvas slaine of Callicrates vvhom he alvvayes highly fauoured supposed to be the most assuredst friend hee had lyuing in the world Volumnius hearing of the death of his friende Lucullus came to Anthony desiring him to send his souldiours to kill him vpon the graue of his friend and bury him vvhich hee denying Volumnius vvent to his graue and there killed himselfe leauing a briefe by him vvherein was vvritten Thou that knewest the faithfull loue betweene Volumnus and Lucullus ioyne our bodyes beeing dead as our mindes were one being aliue Asmundus so deerely loued his friende Asotus that after hee vvas dead hee vvould needes be buried vvith him aliue Saxo. The Oracle of Apollo pronounced the amitie betweene Chariton and Menalippus to be heauenly diuine and celestiall Blossius humbly desired pardon of Lelius because hee tooke part with Gracchus hauing no greater reason to excuse himselfe but his great loue toward him which he confessed to be such that hee thought himselfe bound in friendshyp to doe whatsoeuer hee would haue him yea if it were to burne the Capitoll Cicero Lucilius when he sawe that his friend Brutus was compassed about with enemies hee with a few souldiers ran among theÌ„ and sayd that hee was Brutus that his friende might scape away Plut. Polytius gaue Scipio counsell that hee should neuer depart froÌ„ the publique place of authority before hee had got some nevve friende and wel-willer Phocion when a friend of his vvould haue cast himselfe away woulde not suffer hym saying I was made thy friend to this purpose Cicero writ to Atticus that a friende vvas bounde to wish but three thinges vnto his friend that he be healthy that hee be well accounted of and that he be not needy Archidamus vvhen he vvas chosen Arbitrator to decide a certaine contention betweene two friends brought them both into Dianas Temple and made them sweare vppon the Altar
consumed all his time therein whose poesie was Ede bibe lude post mortem nulla voluptas The Kings Princes of Asia were much giuen to pleasure The life of Dionysius when he was in his best health was lost by sodaine ioy Fulgosius M. Aurelius banished fiue vvise-men his Court for clapping their heeles and hands and laughing outragiously Heliogabalus writ certaine wanton books and called them by the name of his wife Semyramida Tharua the Romaine Consul died through sodaine ioy while he was reading the letters of the Senate wherein they had ordayned a common supplication thanksgiuing to be solemnly made Plut. Sophocles dyed vvith immoderate reioycing for that his Tragedies went so generally applauded Plinius Diagoras the Rhodian and Chilon hearing that their children had wone the prize at the games of Olimpus felt such a motion in them of the spleene that they were stifeled with ioy Epâ—curus who placed his felicity in corporall pleasures dyed miserably in a vessell of hote water Xerxes propounded rewards to those that inuented new kind of pleasures Iustin. Socrates meruailed that Aesope made not a fable wherein hee might haue fayned that God since hee could neuer couple pleasure and sorrow together might haue knit them with an extreamity so that the beginning of one should haue beene the end of the other Plato in Phaedro The Romaines and the Athenians to get the good will and loue of the people builded Theaters shewing diuers deuises of pastimes as Comedies Tragedies and dauncing of Antiques The Greekes had 4. great games appoynted the first vpon mount Olympus in Arcadia which Hercules inuented to honour Iupiter which was so famous that as the Romaines vsed to account the time by theyr Consuls so did the Greekes by these games which was appoynted euery fift yeare The second games were called Pythij and inuented of Apollo in memory that he killed the Serpent Python heere they exercised running leaping wrastling ryding and swimming The third were called Isthmia inuented of Theseus in the honour of Neptune of Isthmos a place in Arcadia where hee was worshipped The fourth Nemea which they make in remembrance of Hercules for that he killed a great fierce Lyon in the Forrest of Nemea In the first play the garland of victory was of Oliue in the second of Oake in the third of Pine in the fourth the garland was of Poplar tree Pyndarus The Troians in King Latinus Court vsed for theyr recreation the playing at the ball Virgil. The Corinthians thought it the greatest felicity in the world to spende dayes nights in playes and esteemed more happines to winne a game then a Romaine Captaine to get a triumph Xerxes inuented the Chesse-play to warne a tyrant to auoide his tirany and by his play to let him vnderstand how dangerous the estate of a Prince is that dooth not vse his Subiects well Another play was vsed in Greece eyther vpon the dice or else closely in hand called Euen and odde The Romaines had foure games the first Lupercalia brought out of Arcadia by Euander sacrificed vnto Pan vpon mount Palantine the young men of Rome ranne naked one vnto another and he that was most swift of foote escaped stripes but he that was ouer-taken by the way was sure to speed The second Circenses ludi in a place appointed by Rome enuironed about with huge strong walls heere was running of horses fighting on horseback wrastlers leapers The third Saturnalia which Ianus did inuent in memory of Saturnus his fellow this play was celebrated with much mirth pleasure and pastime It was alwaies in the moneth of September when euery man saluted his friends with rewards at that time al things were common Macrobius The fourth Gladiatoria where the youth of Rome came to behaue themselues among theyr enemies at the long speare the long sword the staffe in that play naked without armour they came to fight against theyr enemies Claudius Caesar Emperor writ a booke of the Art of dicing gaming which he his successour Augustus greatly studied Agripâ—a Caesar being warned to beware of Anthony and Dolobella being fat merry and liberall speakers sayd that such were not be feared but those rather which were sad of an heauy complexion as Brutus Cassius Plutarch Alexander when many Phylosophers had disputed in his presence wherein consisteth the good hap of this life he made aunswere Beleeue me friends that in all this world there is not equall delight or lyke pleasure as to haue where-with to be liberall and not wherefore to chastice Plut. VVhen Darius had ouercom the Lydians he ordayned that they should vse perfumes and doe nothing but daunce leape and hant Tauernes to the intent that by that meanes becomming altogether effeminate they might not haue the courage torebell afterward Pyrrhus seeing the Tarentines to be too ful of delicacie forbad all assemblies to feasts to mummeries and such like brought theÌ„ backe to the exercise of armes shewing himselfe seuere to those that were enrowled in his muster-booke and bound to goe to the warres Cineas told Fabritius how a Philosopher counsailed men to referre all their doings to pleasure who prayed God to giue such wisedome to Romulus and the Samnites Demetrius hauing giuen himselfe to al plesures the Macedonians draue him out saying That they were weary of bearing armes and fighting for his pleasures Lewes the 11. permitted all Comaedians and Stage-players to speake freely and to reprehend such vices as were manifest Ph. Com. Of Apparell Nature cannot be surpassed by Art who many times disdaining that she is prouoked by how much more the greater force shee is pressed and couered by so much the more she riseth vp and sheweth her selfe the naturall deformity of the body can neither he altered with sumptuous attire colours nor odours but make it eyther more euident to be seene or more doubtfull to be suspected ALexander hauing ouercome the Persians despised his owne Country fashions and vsed altogether the apparell of the Persians by the which hee alienated his Subiects harts for thus the Persians tryumphed ouer him not he ouer them Fulgentius The Romains vsed three maner of gownes Pretextatae Palmatae Candidatae The first Gentlemens children of 14. yeares old did vveare the second conquerours for theyr noble deeds the third Lords maisters and Rulers of the law Aristotle delighted to goe braue in gorgeous apparell with chaines and rings and tooke therein great felicity Demosthenes and Hortensius two famous Orators went so neate in their cloathing and with such wanton iestures that Lucius Torquatus would often call Hortensius Dionisiaes Sonne for that she had great pleasure in dauncing and mouing her body Augustus Caesar would weare no other garments then such as his vvife daughters made and those very modest Agesilaus King of Lacedemonia neuer had but one kinde of garment for VVinter and Sommer Diogenes beholding a stranger come from Lacedemonia more curiously decked on a feastiuall day then he was wont
in singing to auoyde tediousnes and to driue avvay the time August This Athanasius forbadde to auoyde vanities S. Augustine was indifferent and it repented him because hee had sometimes fallen by giuing more attentiue heed vnto the measures and chordes of musicke then the words which were vnder them spoken for that measure singing were brought in for words sake and not words for musick In the East parts the holy assemblies euen from the beginning vsed singing P. Mart. Architas inuented a certaine musicall instrument to stay the running wits of chyldren Pausa The Grecians learned to daunce of Castor and Pollux and vsed to dispatch theyr busines dauncing The Sirians before they met their enemies vsed to sing and daunce Plut. The Romaine Priests called Salij vsed to daunce in honour of Mars Diodorus a cunning Musition beeing sent for by the harlot Lamia refused to goe yet Demetrius hauing his Armor on the badge of a vvarriour and his Diademe the cognizaunce of a King was not ashamed to goe to her house Aelianus The Phylosophers called Peripateticks condemned musick in vvemen saying that betweene it and chastitie there could be smal agreement Niphus Euripides is commended for reprehending such as vse the Harpe at feasts for sayth hee Musicke ought rather to bee sent for vvhen men are angry or mourne then vvhen they are feasting and making merry thereby to make thē giue more liberty to pleasure then before A Musition by the onely vertue of the Dorian tune preserued the chastitie of Clytemnestra the vvife of Agamemnon from the assaults of Aegisthus who to bee reuenged slew the Musition Dionysius commaunded that all his seruants should daunce in purple roabes which Plato would not doe saying I will not put on a womans garments But Aristippus did and when he began to daunce sayde In dronken feates the sober offend not Laert. Diogenes reprooued Musitions because they tooke great care that their instruments shoulde agree and neglected theyr manners Neanthus handled the Harpe of Orpheus whereon expecting the trees to daunce hee did by his confused iangling thereon cause the dogs to barke at him Epaminondas to auoyde the shame of ignorance in musicke learned to play vppon diuers instruments Cicero Nero the same night which vvas the last of his lyfe among the complaints which instant death feare and sorrowe did minister thys onely thing he most bewailed that so famous a Musition as himselfe should perrish from the world Tacitus A boy in Athence taking into his hand the instrument of an excellent Musition vvho was hired to teach him and putting it to his mouth and straining his breath vvhereby his cheekes began to swell perceiuing thereby the deformitie of his countenaunce presentlie brake the pype and disdainefully flung it away Petrarch Socrates vvhen he vvas old gaue his mind to musicke and dauncing Appian Scipio ordinarily vsed to mooue his tryumphant and martiall body after the tyme and measure of musicall instruments not vvantonly mincing with his feete but after a manly sort vvhich hee sayde shoulde no vvaies disparage him if his enemies did behold him Bacchus instructed the people of East India to honour the heauens and the seauen Planets by diuers kindes of daunces Diodorus Ganimede Hebe the nine Muses greatlie pleased Iupiter with theyr dauncing Orpheus King Dauid to shewe his cheerefull hart for the returne of the Arke of God daunced before it The dauncing of Herods daughter vvas the cause of Iohn Baptists death Progne in a daunce did finde opportunitie to murder her sonne Itis Ouid. The Ethiopians vsed songs of diuers tunes and dauncing before they went to battaile Pausanias Timotheus the noble Musition demaunded alway a greater reward of them vvhom other taught then of them that neuer learned any thing before Quintil. Gelo a Tyrant of Sicilie when by horrible oppression of his people he had brought him selfe into a generall hatred prohibited that no man or woman shoulde speake to each other for feare of conspiracies but in stedde of vvords they should vse in theyr necessarie affaires countenaunces tokens and moouings with their feete hands and eyes which for necessitie first vsed at the last grewe to a perfect and delectable dauncing but he was slaine of them for his cruelty Homer among the great benefits that god giueth to man reciteth dauncing One daunced before Demetrius the Tyrant and in his gestures and motions showed the aduoutry of Mars and Venus and their discouery by Phoebus vvith Vulcans intrapping them vvhere-with contrary to his sullen disposition he forced him to laugh and cry out saying O man I doe not onely see but also heare what thou doost and it seemeth to mee that thou speakest with thy hands The same daunced before Nero in the presence of a strange King which vnderstoode no other language but his own country who by his daūcing made the king to vnderstand vvhat was sayde and at his departure Nero bid him aske what he would and hee should haue it Sir said he lend mee this young man that by his motions I may vnderstand the language of my confines and neighbors The maiestie of Princes in olde time vvas shewed in the daunce named Eumelia belonged to Tragedies dissolute countenaunces in that which was called Cordax and pertained to Comedies wherin men of base behauiour onely daunced The forme of fighting in Armor was expressed in a daunce called Enophe Hormus was a kinde of Daunce vvherein daunced both men and maydes the man expressing in his motion and countenaunce strength and courage apt for the warres the mayde modestie and shamefastnesse which represented a pleasant coniunction of fortitude and temperance Lampridius Augustus in the presence of many men plaied on an instrument A poore man standing by with other and beholding the Emperour sayde with a loude voyce to his fellow Scest thou not howe this voluptuous Leachor tempereth all the world with his little finger VVhich words hee wisely noted and during his life hee euer after refrained hys hands from any such lightnes in open assemblies Alexander when hee had vanquished Ilion where Troy stoode being demaunded if he woulde see the Harpe of Paris who rauished Helen gently smiling hee aunswered I had rather see the harpe of Achilles wherevnto hee did sing not the illecebrous sports of loue but the valiant acts of noble Princes Lisander softned the walls of Athence and burned their ships by sound of Flutes S. Augustine rather liked the maid or wife that soweth vpon the Saboth day then hee that daunced August The Archbishop of Magdeburgh brake his necke in dauncing Mar. Hist. The Tyrrhenes first founde the Trumpet which they afterward vsed in battell to feare theyr enemies and encourage their friends likewise at solemne feastes that they might thereby assemble the people together and to proclaime the comming of the Iubilie in the beginning of the newe Moone crying ioy and rest to all men Isodore Buccina was a kinde of Trumpet made of horne of woode or brasse which the vvild Panims vsed to