go not diligently about to defende kepe their lande than those that wolle be readye to mete with them whan they come to assaille theÌ„ and also to begyn the warre if they see occasion like as we may see by experience For after that we had vainquished them at Cheronee whan they did possesse oure lande through the sedicion and diuision of oure people we haue alwayes holden all our countrey of Beoce in greate suertie Whereof we ought to haue remembrance And those that be of that tyme shulde parforce themself to be suche as they than were And those that be yonger descended of those vailliante men shulde not degenerate from their vertue nor suffre to perishe in them the glory that their auncesters haue purchased and acquired for them Hauyng moreouer confidence that that same God wolbe helpyng vnto vs whose temple they holde oultragiously assieged Consideryng chiefly that the sacrifices whiche we haue made do geue vs a good significacion and hope of the victorye Let vs thinke and studye therefore to mustre cause the Athenians to knowe that if they haue obteyned any one of the thynges whiche they coueted by force it hath bene agaynste people that defended not themself But whan they enterprised against people which haue accustomed by their vertue and magnanymytie to defende their lande and their lybertie not being mynded vniustly to enterprise and subdue the lybertie of other they haue neuer retourned without being fought with Through thies woordes Pagondas perswaded the Beotians to go against the Athenians and incontinently dislodged from their campe for to mete with them forthwith though that it was alreadye darke And they came and lodged theÌ„self very nigh vnto them But there was a certaine small mount bitwene both whereby the one coulde not see the other and there he did put his men in battaille for to go to fight agaynste the sayd Athenians Nowe had Hippocrates who remayned at Delos been aduertised howe the Beotians were yssued fourth with greate furye of the people And so commaunded them that were in the campe that they shulde kepe themself in armure shulde be at their defence and sone after he came thider himself with the people that he hadde reserued three houndred onely whiche he left at Delos all horsemen aswell for to kepe the fortifications as also for to come to the succours of the army if it were nedeful The Beotians than hauing sent auancurrers for to putt the ennemyes in feare and disorder they came to the highe of the mountaigne and were in the viewe and sight of the ennemyes all ready to fyght And they were aboute seuen thousande well armed and more than tenne thousande lightly armed and aboutes a thousande and fyue houndred horsemen bearyng shieldes And they had in this maner ordeyned their battaille That the footemen that is the Thebains their allyesâ— shulde kepe be in the right poinct or winge In the myddel were â—he Haliartians the Coromonians the Copensâ—ans the other that inhabited nigh the water In the left wyng or poynt were the Tanagrians the Thespyens the Orchomenians As touching the horsemen there were of them in both the poynctes or winges lykewyse of the footemen light armed to wytt that where they were that did beare the shieldes there was in euery of the bendes .xxv of them and the rest so as they were founde Thus was the armye of the Beotians ordoned Concerning the Athenians as to the footemeÌ„ well armed wherby they were as puissant as thennemyes they made thereof a thicke battaille of eight men in a ranke And in the winges they had the horsemen but they had than no footemen lyghtly armed nother there in their at mye nor yet in the cytie For those that were first come with them in that same enterpryse whiche were in greater nomber than the ennemyes thoughe a greate nomber of them were without armure as people gathered togider aswell of paysans of the fieldes as of estraungers who had takene their iourney for to retourne to theire houses were not come agayne to the campe resaruedde a very smal nomber Being than all in battaylle aswell on the one syde as of the othere ready to fyght Hiâ—pocrates duke of the Athenyans who was comme vnto them euen at that same poinct dyd speake to the Athenyans in this manner The exhortation of Hippocracrates to the souldyars beinge at a poyncte and ready to fyghte LOrdes vnto people of courage and of vertue nedeth none greate admonytion and a shorte speakinge sufficeth whyche maketh more to bringe youe to remembrance what youe haue to doo than for to exhorte youe vnto yt And aboue all haue no imagination that we bee come hyther to putt youe in thys daunger in a forayne lande for an euyll quarelle For the warre that we make in thys lande is for the suertye of ours Insomuche that if we haue the victorye agaynste them the Peloponesians wol neuer come for to assaile vs in ours being disseuered kept from the horsemen whych they do take here And lykewyse by acquyringe and gettynge thys lande by one battayle youe shall delyuer yours from daungers foreuer Marche than forewardes like as ys conuenyeÌ„t aswel for your partie that euery one of you to hys glory may be named to be the maisters of all Grece as also for the vertue of youre ancestres who hauynge vaynquished thies people here in a battaile nighe vnto Enyphyte were lordes of thys lande for a certayne tyme. So wente Hipâ—pocrates encouraiginge hys people all in a ranke as they were in battaylle But bifore that they were in the mydde way the Beotians at the exhortation of Pagondas dydde begynne to geue the signe or tokene of the battaile by their trompettes and cornettes and all at ones descended from the mountaigne in greate furye whyche sene Hippocrates caused hys people likewyse to marche fouâ—the afore them as faste as they myght ronne And so the formoste came to the conflicte and strokes And though that the hyndermost dyd not stryke yet were they asmuche trauailled as the othere by cause of the sprynges whyche of necessitie they shulde passe Beynge than hande for hande they repoulsedde the one the other wyth targattes and bucklars And anone the lefte poyncte or wynge of the Beotyans was recuyled and repoulsed by the Athenyans vnto the myddeste who did alwayes set on theym for to destroye the othere that were in the same wynge Chiefly the Thespyans whyche were in that quarter And all at ones dyd slay the other that had bene repoulsed were all in an heape locked the one agaynst the other And they dyd hurt the sayd Thespyans who defended themself galliardly In whyche sturre and conflycte manye of the Athenyans were there slayne by their oune people For that that myndynge to enclose their ennemyes they brought theÌ„self into the myddest of them in suche wyse that the one knewe not the othere but fynally that ryghte poyncte was hooly repoulsed And they that
allyance wyth them Whiche offres the saide two Argyues dyd make of their pryuate authoryte wythout knowlayge or coÌ„sente of the othere wherunto Agis made them aunswere likewise without therevnto calling anny other parsone but only one of the iudges or threasurers of the armye who was appoynctedde to hym for a compaignyon in that same warre amongest them four they concluded a trefues for foure moneths Duryng the which tyme the causes aboue sayd shuld haue bene treated vpon And that done Agis retyred wyth hys people wtout speaking otherwise to any of the allyes nor also wyth the Lacedemonyans All the whyche dyd followe him for that that he was generall of the armye and for to obsarue the souldarly lawe and disciplyne But that not wythstandynge they blamed hym greatly for thys that hauynge one so greate and apparante occasyon of victoire consydered that the ennemyes were enclosed on all sydes aswell wyth footemen as also wyth horsmen he departed fromthence wythout doynge there annye thynge worthye of so fayre an armye whyche was one of the greatest that the Grekes had yet made in all that warre and retyredde all vnto Nemea where they soiournedde certayne dayes Beynge in whyche place yt was iudged by all the Capytayns and chief of warre that they were puyssaunte ynough for to defeate not only the Argiues and their allyes but also muche more people if they had bene there and fromthence they retourned all throughly angred euery one vnto hys quarter But yet the Argyues were more displeased agaynste the twooâ— whyche hadde accordedde the appoynctmeÌ„t for their partie saying that the LacedemoniaÌ„s shuld neuer haue had so honneste occasion for to wythdrawe themself to their aduauntaige for they thoughte that hauinge so fayer an armye aswell of their owne people as of their allyes and moreouer beynge wythin the viewe of their cytie they shulde easelye haue defeated the sayde Lacedemonyans Beinge than departedde fromthence they went altogyders into the towne of Charadrus in the whyche before that they entred into their cytie wold leue of their armure they were willyng both to knowe of the warre and to determyne of the questyons of the warre and of the mylytary souldearly causes And so they concluded amonge other for to stoane Thrasylus But he saued hymself wythin the temple and yet neuerthelas they confiskated all his monney that he had there In thies enterfaictes and they beynge yet there aryued a thousand fotemen fyue houÌ„dred horsmen whom Lachetes and Nicostratus brought vnto them from Athens vnto whom they said that they shulde retourne for it greuedde theym to breake the appoinctemente that hadde bene concludedde wythe the Lacedemonyans in whatsoeuere manner that it hadde bene made And although that the sayde Capytaynes of the Athenyans demaunded to be presentedde wyth their people vnto the comynaltie of Argos yet the sayde Capytaynes of the armye woolde not agree vnto yt vntill that the Mantynyans and the Elyans wythe greate requeste hadde obteignedde yt of the Argyues Beynge than broughte in bifore the commons of Argos and byfore the allyes that were yett there Alcibiades who was generall of all the bende shewedde theym that they hadde no power to make peace nothere treatye wythe the ennemyes wythoute their consente and sithens that he was there acyuedde at the terme that he hadde promysed wythe hys bende that they oughte to begynne the warre agayne And in suche manner he perswaded theym by hys oratyon that they departed all at that presente for to goo agaynste Orchomenia whyche is in the countrey of Arcadie excepte the Argiues who albeit that they hadde bene of the same opynyone were neuerthelas slacke but soone afterwardes they dydde followe the othere and all togyders dydde laye siege to Orchomenia and vsedde all the force that they myghte for to take yt aswelle wyth Engynes of artillerye as otherewyse for they hadde greate desyre to take the same towne for manye reasons but pryncypallye for thys that the Lacedemonyans hadde bestowedde there wythin yt all the hostages that they hadde takenne of the Arcadyans The Orchomenyans fearynge to be takenne by force byfore that the succoures myghte comme vnto theyme for that that theire walles were not stronge and that the ennemyes were in ryghte greate nomber they made appoynctemente wyth theym by meane whereof they became theire allyes in rendrynge the hoostages that were wythin the towne and in delyuerynge some for theymselfe vnto the Mantynyans Aftere that the Athenyans and othere allyes hadde takenne Orchomenia they deuysedde whider they shoulde goo at theire departure fromethence For the Elyans woolde that they shulde haue gone into Lepreum the Manâ—ynians into Tegea vnto whose opynion the Athenyans and Argiues dyd agree wherupon the Elyans despised theÌ„ and retournedde fromthence into their houses The other abodde at Mantinea and preparedde them selfe for to go to Tegea where they had some coÌ„federation wyth certaine of the people of the towne who shulde haue brought them into it The Lacedemonyans after that they were retourned from Argos blaymedde greatly Agis for the trefues that he had made and that he had not brought the sayde cytie into their obeissance hauynge the fairest occasion and the beste meane that euer they myghte haue hadde nothere wythoute greate payne coulde haue For yt semed vnto them very difficille and harde for to assemble agayne at an other tyme one so fayere an armye of theire allyes as that same was there But whan the newes came of the takynge of Orchomenus they were muche moore angry and anymated agaynst hym In such sorte that they determyned to beate and battre downe hys howse whyche thynge had not bene sene in the cytie and for to condempne hym in a houndred thousande drachmes so greate was their anger against him Yet notwythstandinge he so excused hymself and made vnto them so many requestes thereby promysinge to recompense â—hat same â—aulte by some other greate saruyce if they woulde lett hym haue the charge of the army wythoute doynge that whyche they hadde determyned agaynste hym that they were contente to leaue to hym the sayde charge wythout doyng hym other euil But neuerthelas they made a newe lawe whych neuer bifore hadde bene made wâ—ereby they created twelue counsaillours of the said cytie of Sparte for to assiste hym wythout whome he might nother conducte an armye out of the cytie nor make peace trefues nor treatie wyth the ennemyes Howe the Lacedemonyans and their allyes dyd wynne one battaille againste the Athenyans the Argiues and their other allyes in the lande of Mantynyans ☞ The .ix. Chaptre IN thys meane tyme dyd come a messenger froÌ„ Tegea who broughte theym newes frome those in the towne that if they were not ryghte shortely succoured they shulde be constraynedde for to render themâ—elfe vnto the Argiues and to their allyes wherof the LacedemonyaÌ„s were greatly astonyed and thereupon dyd all arme themself aswel fre as bonde wyth greater diligence than euer they had done and wente fromthence to
tyme to Athens by sea And caryed away the prysonners that they had takeÌ„ in that warre which were franke free not bonde men The which al were bought agayne or redemed Also they ledde wyth them the wastes of the shyppes that they had taken And thus passed the wynter whiche was the ende of the thyrde yeare of the warre whereof Thucidides hath wryttonne ☞ Here endeth the seconde boke of Thucydides begynneth the thyrde ¶ Howe the cytie of Mythilene wyllynge to rebelle agaynste the Athenyans was by them assieged and howe they sente vnto the Peloponesyans for to haue succours and of an ouerthrowe that the sayde Athenyans hadde in Noricque ☞ The fyrste Chapter IN the begynnynge of the somer whan the corne was alreadye greate the Peloponesyans entred agayne into the Attique warre vnder the conducte of Archidamus theyr kynge pyllagynge and wastynge so as they had accustomed the other yeares Howbeit the horsemen that were in the cytye came fourth oftetymes vpoÌ„ the footemen of the ennemyes lyghtly armed whiche came there the more parte to runne for to watche that they shulde do no euyll to the places nyghe to the cytye And the sayde Peloponesyans demoured in that lande so longe as they had victuayles and after euery man retourned into hys quarter But at the begynnynge whan they were entredde all the inhabytantes of the Isle of Lesbos excepted them of Methymne were rebelled agaynste the Athenyans and tourned vnto the Peloponesyans whiche thynge they were mynded to haue done before the begynninge of the warre But the Lacedemonyans were not willyng to receyue them and yet at that tyme dyd declare that they were not therein determyned For yf they shuld do it they were of force coâ—strained to fortefye theyr poortes to make agayne and repayre theyr walles and to make shyppes And also they attended for victuayles for archers and for other prouisyons that they had sente to seke in the countrey of Ponte But the Tenedyans who were theyr enâ—emyes the Methymnyens and some particulars of the cytye of Mytilene which for the parttakings that were in the towne were become burgeoses of Athens aduertysed the Athenyans that the cytezeins of the sayde towne of Mitilene constrayned all the inhabytantes of the Isle to comme vnto them and to retyre into the cytye to thintent to rebelle frome the sayde Athenyans And that they made all the preparatyons to them possyble for to do it throughe the perswatyon of the Lacedemonyans and of the Beotiens theyr parentes In suche sorte that yf the sayde Athenyans dyd not fourthwith prouyde therfore they shulde lose the sayde Isle of Lesbos Neuertheles those Athenyans consydering that it shulde be a thyng very harde after the pestylence that they had hadde so greate and hauynge the ennemies in theyr lande to make a newe armye and enterpryse agaynst them of Lesbos who were yet in theyr intier and hoole power and had greate nomber of shyppes they wolde not at begynnynge beleue that it was so for that they were not wyllynge that it shulde be so trewe And they rebuked them whiche made reaporte therof vnto theÌ„ saying that it was nothing and that they dyd yll to charge the sayde Mytilenians Notwithstandyng after that the Comissaryes whiche they had sente thyder for to knowe the trouthe hadde reaported vnto them that they of Mytilene wolde not sende awaye the people of the Isle that they had caused to comme into theyr cytye nor also desist and cease from the preparations for warre which they made fearinge that they wolde rebelle were mynded to preuente it And sente into that partye fourtye shyppes whiche they had all made readye for to sende into Peloponese vnder the conducte of Cleipides sonne of Dynyn of two other Capytaynes For they were aduertysed that ryght shortly shulde be the feaste of Apollo in Malaente which is nyghe vnto the cytye of Mytilene wherevnto all the cytezeins or the more parte of them came yearelye Wherefore yf they hasted to go thyder they myght take them there soâ—bdaynely and yf they coulde not execute that yet commynge vpon them with that armye they myght commaunde them to delyuer all theyr shyppes that they hadde and to beate downe theyr walles And in case they refused to denounce warre agaynste them before that they shulde be prouyded and fortefyed For thys occasyon the Athenyans dyd sende the said fourtye shyppes and moreouer reteignedde tenne galeys which the Mytâ—lenyans had sente vnto them by vertue of the allyaunce And all the men that were wythin them they put into prysone Notwithstandynge one of the countreye that was at Athens departed wyth dyligence by sea and came into Eubee and from thence by lande vnto Gereston Where he founde a marchauntes shippe whiche wolde departe fromthence to sayle vnto the sayde Mytilenyans Whereinto he entred and had so good wynde that the thyrde daye after hys departure from Athens he arryued at the porte of Mytilene And incontynently aduertysed them of the towne of the commynge of the Athenyans shippes which vnderstode they went not fourth the daye of the feaste for to go to Malaente also they caused with all dylygence to repayre theyr walles where they were fallen downe and to fortefye theyr porte the beste that they myght Anone after arryued the shyppes of Athens Who seyng the apparaylle and preparatyoÌ„ that the cytezeins dyd make expounded vnto them the charge that they had to commaunde them That they shulde delyuer theyr shyppes and beate downe their walles And seyng that they dyd refuse it they prepared themselfe to comme for to assayle them Wherby they of the towne as people surprinsed and betrapped although that at begynnyng they yssued to the mouthe of poarte makyng threatenynges to be wyllynge to fyght Yet after that they dyd see the shyppes of the Athenyans commynge agaynste them they retyred and came to a parliamente wyth the Capytaynes of the Athenyans And fynally they sayde that they were contente to render all theyr shyppes yf they myght haue any good composition and raysonnable appoinctment of the reste wyth the Athenyans Wherevnto the Capytaynes dyd agree wyllynglye fearynge also that they were not myghtye ynough for to subdue all the Isle And vpon thys they toke truse Duryng the whiche they of Mytelyne sent in Ambassade vnto the Athenyans some of theyr cytezeins amongest whome was one that had discouered the reuolte and rebellyon to the sayde Athenyans Who afterwarde had chaunged opynyon for to se yf they coulde so well excuse the case and pourge the suspytyon vnto the Athenyans that they wolde be contente to call backe theyr armye by sea whiche was at Mytilene And neuertheles on the other syde they sente other messengers vpoÌ„ a gallyon to the Lacedemonyans wythoute knowelayge of the Athenyans whiche helde the porte assieged For that that theyr armye kepte themselfe on the northe syde of the sayde porte towardes Malee And thys dyd the sayd Mytilenyans for that they had no hope that they
vertue and I wol declare for my parte that I can aswell fyght beyng nygh and at hande stroackes as I can exhorte and encourage other beinge a farre of Brasidas hauynge thus anymated hys people he putteth them in order for to issue fourth wyth hym and lykewyse those that shulde comme afterwardes wyth Clearidas out of the gate of Thrace as is bifore saide But forsomuche as he hadde bene sene by the enemys whan he descended frome Cerdylium and also after that he was entred into the towneâ— specyally in makynge hys sacrefyce in the temple of the goddesse Pallas whyche is wythout the towne very nyghe vnto the walles Cleon was aduertised that there was some enterpryse in hande as he was in markynge the countrey rounde aboute the towne lyke as hath bene byfore sayed Whyche thynge might easely be knowen aswell for that that it myght clerely and playnly be sene that they that were wythin the towne did arme themself as also for that that a man myght see at the yssuinge of the gates the marchinges and the traicte of the people and of horses that issued fourth wherof the same Cleon was greatly astonied and soubdaynely descended from the place wherin he was for to see if it were so And after that he had knowin that it was the verytie hauynge already determined not to fyght vntill hys succours whyche he attended and loked for shulde haue bene arryued and consyderynge that if he dydde retyre by the coste that he had marked and deuysed he shulde tomuche clerely bene sene he caused a sigâ—e of retraytte to be geuene and afterwards dyd commaunde hys people that they shulde begynne to retyre frome of the syde of the lefte poyncte for on the othere poincte it was not possible and that they shulde make towardes Eiona But seynge that those of the sayd lefte poynct dyd marche to slackly he caused them of the ryght poyncte wherein he was to tourne into that parte and there he himself wente leauynge by that meane the myddell of the battaille nakedde and discouered makynge the mooste dylygence that he myght for to retyre Durynge thys tyme Brasydas knowynge that it was tyme to marche parceyuinge specyally the enemys to wauer he sayd vnto them that were wyth hym and lykewise vnto the other thies people woll not tary for ye see howe their speares and their heddes remoue to and frome and neuer people dyd that whyche were wylling to fyght Therfore open the gates and let vs wyth greate couraige charge vpon them wyth the moste diligence that we may And fourthwyth the gates were opened in that quarter that he had appoyncted aswell those same of the towne as the same of the rampare and of the longe walle and yssued wyth hys people in a greate course kepyng the straight way where a man may presently see the Trophee in token of victorye raysed vp And so he rushed into the middell of the battayle of the ennemys whyche he founde hooly astonyed for the disorder and sore afrayed for the hardynes of their ennemyes In suche sorte that he dyd putt theÌ„ incontynently to flyght And sone after Clearydas yssued fourthe by the gate of Thrace lyke as he had bene appoyncted who rushed in on the other sydeâ— wherof the Athenyans parceyuinge themselfe so soubdaynely and contrary to their expectacyon assayled on all partes were yet more afraied insomuch that they that were in the lefte poyncte who had takene the waye of Eione dydde flye wyhoute annye order In thys meane tyme Brasydas charginge vpon the ryghte poinct was soore hurte so that he dydde fall to the earthe but byfore that the Athenyans dydde parceyue yt he was releuedde by his men that were aboute him And yett neuerthelas the ryghte poyncte of the sayde Athenyans kepte it selfe most fyrme But whan Cleon dydde parceyue that it was noo tyme to tarye annye longer he fledde and so was encountredde by a footeman of the ennemyes Myrciniens who dydde slaye hym And yet neuerthelas those that were wythe hym stode in their defence agaynst Clearydas at the mountyng of the hyll and there they dyd fyghte valiantly vntill that the horsemen and fotemen lightly armed aswel Marcynians as Chalcydes came vpoÌ„ theÌ„ who wyth stroakes ofâ— shot constrayned them to forsake the place and to flye And by that meane all the hooste of the Athenyans was brokenne and fledde awaye some one waye and the other on the other syde euery one the beste that he coulde towardes the mountaignes And they that coulde eskape retyred to Eiona After that Brasidas was brought agayne into the cytie bifore that he rendredde the sprytte he knewe that he had had the victorye and lyued not longe after As touchyng Clearydas he pursued the enemyes as farre as he could wyth the rest of the souldiars After he came agayne into the place of the battaille and whan they hadde spoylledde the deade they sette vppe their Trophee in the same place in tokenne of vyctorye And that done they all accompaygnyedde the bodye of Brasidas wyth the habillementes and othere furnyture and buryedde yt wythin the cytie bifore the markett place whyche at thys presente is there In whyche place the Amphipolitâ—ins causedde afterwardes to be edyfyedde for hym a ryghte honnorable sepulcre and a Chapell as for a saynct And decrede ordeyned sacrifices vnto hym as sayncts had with tourneys and yearely honnors And also they attrybuted vnto hym the tytle to haue founded and peopled the cytie And all thynge that was founde by wrytynge or by payntinge and grauynge makynge memorye of Agnon who hadde bene their founder they toke awaye and defaced reputynge Brasidas to be their delyuerer And they dydde the rather thys thynge for to please the Lacedemonyans for feare that they had afterwardes of the Athenyans For they also thought yt moore their proffitt and their honnour for to exhybitte those honnour 's vnto Brasidas than vnto Agnon for the enmytie that they hadde agaynste the Athenyans Unto whom neuerthelas they dydde render their deade corpses whyche were founde aboutes sixe houndredde where of the othere were founde but seuenne By meane that thys was not properly a battaylle but a soubdayne onsett wherein there was no greate reesistence Aftere that the corpses were rendredde the Athenyans retournedde by sea vnto Athenes and Clearydas wythe hys people abodde in the Cytie for to geue order in the gouernemente thereof Thys ouerthrowe happened aboute the ende of Sommer In whyche selfe tyme Ramphias and Authocaridas Lacedemonyans conductedde by sea nyne houndred men of warre into the countrey of Thrace for to renforce and strengthene the armye of the Peloponesians And they beyng arryued in the cytie of Heraclee in the contreye of Trachine whiles they were geuynge order for the affayres of the towne hadde newes thereof How the Lacedemonians made peace for themselfe and theire allyes and afterwardes howe they made allyance amonge themself wythoute the othere ☞ The .iii. Chaptre IN the begynnynge of wynter
they wente enuyroning the Isle and in their passage dydde geue order to their allyes that they shulde sende them the nomber of men whyche they had promysedde And so they came wyth the moytie of the armye before the towne of Hibla in the terrytory of Gela the whyche toke the partie againste them thinkyng to take it but they coulde not and in this meane tyme the ende of Somer dyd come At begynnynge of the wynter the Athenyans prepared themself for to come to assiege Sarragosse and on the other syde the Syracusains prepared theymselfe for to come to mete them For insomuche as the Athenyans did not at beginning come to assaylle them they toke dayly more and more courage And somuche the lesse they fearedde and estemed them that they had enuironned and compassed about the other countrey by sea very farre frome theire cytie and also coulde not take Hybla whereupon the sayd Syracusains were so puffed vp that they requyred of their Dukes that they shulde conducte them vnto Catana where the enemys were insomuch as they durste not come thider vnto them And the lyght horsemen Syracusains whych ronned daylly vnto the campe of the said Athenyans among other reproches whiche they vsed demanded of theym if they were not more comme to inhabitt rather an other mans lande than for to restore the Leontins into theirs The Athenyans knowinge suche thyngs essaiedde to wythdrawe those Syracusains so farre as they coulde from their cytie to the intente that the more wyth their ease they myght in one nyght wyth their shipps saille to lande before the towne and lodge theire campe in place where they shulde thinke most mete For they knewe well that if at landing out of their ships they founde the ennemyes in order and prepared for to defende theire landinge orels if that they woulde take their waye fromthence by lande vnto the sayde cytie they shuld haue much more difficultie For their horsmen might do greate dammaige vnto their fotemen beynge lyght armed and also to the reste of their fote men considered that they had yet small nomber of horsmen there And doing as they had enterprysed they might wtout any great empeschement take the place whych they desired before that the horsmen Syracusains shulde haue bene retourned which place had bene taught and shewed vnto them by the bannished men of the same cytie who followedde them to witt nyghe vnto the temple of Olympus And for to execute their enterpryse they vsedde one suche a cautelle That is that they sente one whome they right wel trusted vnto the Dukes of Syracusains knowinge also that they wolde geue fayth vnto that whyche he shulde shewe them fayninge to be sente from certen of the princypalle of the cytie of Catana wherof he was whom the said dukes did well knowe saying that they yet helde their partie and that if they wolde they wold cause them to haue the victorie against the Athenyans by such meane for one partie of the armye of the said Athenyans kept thēself wtin the towne without armure So that if the said Syracusains issued fourth at one daye named oute of Sarragosse and arryued at the breake of the day with all their puissance those same Catanyens whome he named vnto them wyth their complices shuld easely enclose the Athenyās that were wtin the towne and also wold put fyer into their ships which were in their port By which doing if the said Syracusains wolde rush out and charge vpon them that were in the feld which was without the towne enclosed wyth Pales they might take it without any great difficultie and destroy all that they shulde fynde wtin it saying moreouer that there were many cytezeins of Catane of thys intellygence and conspyratie all ready and determined for to execute it who had sente hym thyder The dukes Syracusains which were bolde and besides that had already desire to go vnto the enemyes in their campe did lightly bileue the espie And hauing taken a day wyth him whan they wold be at Catana they sent him agayn vnto them frō whom he sayd that he was come And at the said daye failled not to issue fourth all the people of the cytie wyth the succours of the Selynūtyns and some other their allyes that were already come and for haste they went fourth wtout order altogiders for to lodge nygh to Catana vpon the riuer of Symethe in the lande of Leontyns Than the Athenyās vnderstanding their comyng did charge all their people that they had aswell Athenyans as Sycilians and othere in their shippes and saylledde by nyght towardes Sarragosse where they arryued at breake of daye wythin the greate porte bifore the temple of Olympus for to lande there In thys meane tyme the horsemen Syracusains whyche were goone to Catana vnderstandynge that all the Athenyans ships were departed out of the porte of Catana aduertysed the fotemen thereof and all togyders dyd take their way for to retourne to the succours of their cytie But for that that the waye was longe byfore that they coulde aryue the Athenyans had already landed and taken their lodging in the place whyche they had chosen out of the whych they myght defende themself to their aduantaige with out beinge in dangier before that they had made their rampares nother yet by makynge of them insomuche as they were shadowed couered or defended wyth walles and buildinges in that same quarter And moreouere there was manye trees a standing water and hollowe or broken places So that none could come vpon them out of the same quarter specyally horsmen And on the other parte they had already hewed downe a great quantytie of the sayd trees whyche they had caryed to the sea syde and there planted and locked togiders in manner of ouerthwarte crosses for to defende and let that no man shulde issue fourthe into theirs ships Moreouer in that same quarter where their campe was most lowe and where the cōming therinto was most easy they had rampared it with great stoanes and wyth woode in haste so that yt was very harde to enter there and afterwardes they dyd breake the bridge whyche they had made for to goo vnto their ships All whyche woorke they dyd at their ease without thys that annye man yssued oute of the citie for to empesche them for they were all gone fourth were not yet retourned from Catana of whom the horsmen were the firste that came agayne and sone after all the people that were issued fourthe and came directely agaynste the Athenyans to presente theym bataylle But seing that they yssued not fourth they wythdrewe and wente to lodge themselfe on the othere syde of the way whyche leadeth to Heloryne The morowe after the Athenyans yssued fourth for to fyght and they ordeyned their battaille in this sorte For at the ryght poyncte they sett the Argiues and the Mantynyans at the lefte the other their allyes and in the myddell the Athenyans And also the one moytie of the army
assembledde the Syracusains and shewedde them that yt was expedyente that they shulde arme alle the shippes that they coulde for to fyght agaynste the Athenyans by sea sayinge that he hoped in that doinge to doo some thynge woorthye of memorye And Hermocrates dydde lykewyse exhorte theym therunto saying that they ought not to feare the Athenyans by sea for thys that they were not naturallye men of warre as the othere For the Cytie of Athenes was not vpon the sea as Sarragosse but rathere it was muche furthere in the mayne lande and that that same whiche they hadde learnedde by sea was for feare of the Medes who constrayned them to aduenture in the sea and to hardy men as the Athenyans be those seme terrible whyche shewe themself as couraigious as they And euen as they somtyme feared their neighbours moore by theire greate audacytye than by theire power was requyred so maye they fynde of the souldyars their aduersaries which shal do the lyke vnto them And in makynge thies perswations vnto the Syracusains he tolde them that he knewe well their hardynes by the desyre whiche they shewed to haue to go agaynste the armye by sea of the Athenyans of the whiche feate that shulde be so vnloked for of them they shal be so astonyedde that that same shall proffitt more the Syracusains than the science and exercyse by sea whyche those Athenyans haue vsedde so greatlye shall aduantage theyme By suche woordes and declarations Gylippus and Hermocrates and somme other that followedde theyme aboute the nyghte dydde putte hys footemen in order wythout the towne to the intent that at one tyme he might assaille the enemys both by lande on the coste of the walle that is in PlemmyriuÌ„ and also the shipps on the sea coste In the morninge .xxxv. galleys of the Syracusains yssued forth out of the lytle porte where their hauen was for to goo to the greate porte whiche the ennemyes dyd kepe and .xlv othere to saille enuironing and compassynge aboute the sayde greate porteâ— and also for to go to assaille Plemmyrium to the ende that the Athenyans perceyuynge themselfe assailled on both sydes shulde be more troubled who seing that fournished incontinently .lx. galleys that they had wherof they soubdaynly sente .xxv. agaynste the xxxv of the Syracusains whyche came towardes the greate poarte for to fyghte wyth theyme and wyth the other they saylled agaynste those that compassed it aboutes wyth the whych they medled incontynently in the poarte and dyd fyght a longe tyme. The Syracusains enforsinge themself to enter into the poarte and the other to kepe and to defende theyme frome yt In thys meane tyme the Athenyans that were in Plemmyrium beinge descended downe of the rocke vnto the shore of the sea for to see what shulde fortune of the battaille that was in hande Gylippus vpon the breake of daye came to assaille the sayde place of Plemmyryum frome the syde of the lande wyth suche force that he toke one of the thre walles and soone after dyd take the other two for that that those whyche had the warde and defence therof seinge that the furste was so soone taken dyd not defende them And they that were at the warde of the furste wall after that it was taken fledde froÌ„thence and wyth greate danger retyred into galleys whych were always kepte at the fote of the rocke and partly in a Barque that was founde there and in the same retyred into their campe though that a galley of the Syracusains to wit of those that were already entred into the porte followed them very nyghe for the Syracusayns had already the victorie in the greate porte But in the meane tyme that the othere twoo walles of Plemmyrium were takene it chauncedde that the Syracusayns were vaynquishedde Whereupon those amonge theyme that fledde awaye through cause of the other vyctorie had their retraicte moore easey And the vyctorye was in thys sorte For the Syracusayns galleys whyche dydde fyghte in the mouth of the greate poarte hauinge repoulsed those of the ennemyes that were agaynste theyme sailledde in at the entrance wythout anny order so that the one empeschedde and dyd lette the othere Which parceyued by the Athenyans aswell those that dyd combate without the poarte as also those that were vainquished wythin ioygnned themself togiders and russhed aswell vpon those that were within the porte as also vpon those that were with out wyth suche force that they caused them to flye Whereof they dyd synke elleuen and dyd slaye all those that were wythin resarued thre whyche they toke prysonners and thre other shyppes they brâ—sed After that same victorie the Athenyans hauynge wythdrawin the shipp wrackes of the ennemyes they reysed the trophee in the lytle Islande that is Plymmirium and afterwardes retyred into their campe On the other syde of the Syracusayns by cause of the thre walles whyche they had taken in the sayd Plymmyrium they raysed vp three other trophees Of the whiche three walles they battred and rased downe that same whyche they hadde laste taken and the other twoo they rampared and did put therin good garnyson and warde In takynge of the sayde walles many of the Athenyans were slayne and many taken prysoners and moreouer all their monney whyche was a greate some was also taken for they kept thys place as for a forte to wythdrawe and warde all theire treasure and all their munytions and marchandises not onely of the Seygnyory but also of Capytaynes and of marchauntes and of particuler souldyars And amonge othere thynges there were found the sayles of forty galleys and thre other galleys that were wythdrawin thider That same takyng or losse did afterwardes cause many greate dammaiges to the Athenyans and chiefly for thysâ— that through the occasyon therof they could not brynge the victuaills into their campe wythout danger For the ships whyche were there dydde fyghte and empesche them alwayes whyche thynge dyd geue geue vnto the Athenyans great feare and also great displeasure Aftere thys battayll the Syracusains sente .xii. gallleys vnder the coÌ„ducte of Agatharcus Syracusain The one wherof dyd cary certayne Ambassadours whyche the sayde Syracusains sente into Peloponese for to signefye vnto the Peloponesians both what had bene done and also how they were in good hope to haue the vyctorie agaynste the Athenyans and also for to prouoke them that they shuld sende succours vnto theym and shulde ernestly follow or take that same warre vnto herte The other elleuen were sent into Italie for that that it was bruyted that certayne shyppes chargedde wyth stuffe and wyth munytions were sente to the campe of the Athenyans at Sarragosse the whyche shippes those Syracusains did encounter and toke the moste parte therof togiders wyth that whiche was wythin them Wherof the stuffe that was therein charged for to make ships they brunt it vpon the shore of the sea nigh vnto Caulonia And that dâ—ne they saylled vnto the poarte of Locres beynge in whyche
fought a longe tyme they were constrayned to retyre into the same place fromwhence they were departedde but wyth muche greater disaduantage for they founde there no victuailles and also the lodging was not so easye as yt had bene the daye precedynge for the oppression whiche the ennemyes dydde make agaynste theyme And neuerthelas the morowe in the mornynge they toke eftsones the waye and whatsoeuer empeschemente the sayedde ennemyes made agaynste theym they passed further vntyll the sayed passage whiche they founde closed with wall and aboue vpon the same a greate bende of footemen bearyng the moste parte shieldes and targettes and though the place was very straight yet the Athenyans marched fourth straight and trauaylled themself for to gett yt by force But being repoulsed by the greate nomber of ennemyes that were in the aduantagious place to wytt on hygh on the rocke fromwhence they might the more sturdely cast their dartes and their shott they were constreyned to retyre and plante themself there without doing any thyng for that chiefly that in that same warre there was greate thondrynges rayne lyke as comonly it dyd in the same countrey after the haruest tyme which was already bigon wherof they were greatlye astonyed and somuche the more that they iudged that the same was a prenostication of their destruction Gylippus than perceyuynge that they were planted there he sent one partie of his men by a syde waye for to reyse vppe soubdainely a wall in the waye wherethrough the Athenyans were come to the ende to enclose theym at their backes but they that parceyuedde it sente thider a a bende of theirs which empesched and repoulsed theym and that done they also retyred nigh to a felde which was nigh to that same passage where they soiourned that same night The day following they being eftsones in the waye the Syracusayns and Gylippus came to charge vpon theÌ„ on all sydes and so dyd hurte many of them And whan the same Athenyans charged vpon them they retourned And as they were retourned backe and put themself to iourney they came afreshe to charge on the hyndermost wherby they did hnrte many of them for to cause the whole army to reste and tarye but euery man defending best himself against the charginges iourneyed from fyue to sixe stades vntyll they came vnto a felde where they rested and the Syracusains retourned fromthence into their campe Nycyas and Demosthenes parceyuing than that their case was in euyll state and condition aswell for lacke whiche they generally had of victuailles as also for the greate multitude whiche they hadde of their hurte people and that they alwayes had the ennemyes bifore on all sydes whiche cessed not to assaille them they determyned to goo fromethence that same nyght secretly not by the way whiche they had bigonne but by an other clene contrarye leadynge vnto the sea whiche did go crokedly frome Catana to Camerin and towardes Gela and certen other cyties whiche be wholy apposit or directly the one against the other and of the other syde of Sycille aswell Grekes as barbarous And so they didde lighten greate fyers in dyuers places through their campe for to cause the ennemyes to vnderstande that they moued not But as it chanceth alwayes in suche case whan a great hoste dislodgeth it self for feare chiefly in the nyght and in the countrey of ennemyes and also hauing them veray nygh all the campe was generally in greate feare terror and tumulte Neuerthelas Nycias who had the former warde with his men departed furst keping good order and he iourneyedde a good space bifore the other but one partie of the bende which Demosthenes conducted and as in a manner the moytie therof skatered abroade and dyd breake their order in their passing Notwtstanding they iourneyed somuche that at the breake â—f the daye they were at the sea syde and did take away which was named EloruÌ„ alongest that same sea by whiche they would haue gone vnto the ryuer of Cyparis afterwardes a longest the same through the high countrey keping theÌ„self farre of froÌ„ the sea hoping that the Syracusains whom they had demanded to come to mete the would haue come to encountre theÌ„ there But they being arryued at the ryuers syde founde that there was a certene nomber of meÌ„ which the Syracusains had sent thider for to kepe defende that same passage whiche had stopped the other syde of the water with paales with rampares for to empesche and lett the shallowe passages howbeit they were fewe people and were incontinently repoulsed by the sayd AtheniaÌ„s who hauing passed that same ryuer iourneyed vnto an other ryuer that is called Erineus keping the waye that the guides had taught appoyncted for theÌ„ Duryng this time the Syracusains their allies whan the day was come vnderstanding that the AtheniaÌ„s were departed froÌ„thence in the night were veray angry and had suspicion that Gilippus had bene consenting to their departure yet neuerthelas did put theÌ„self in waye for to poursue the sayd ennemys with all diligence following their tracke which was right easy to knowe so that they did ouertake them about the houre of dynner And the furste that they founde were those of the bende of Demosthenes who being troubled in the iourney which they had made that same night wente most softly and wtout great order and so the former of the Syracusains did begyn to eskarmouche against them with their horsemen who enuironed them incontinently on all sydes constrayned theym for to ioigne togiders all in one place And somuch the more that they were already separated into two bendes for that the Nycias who knewe well that it was no time to arrest therefor to fyght was with his bende alredy bifore him more than a houndred fifty stades caused his men to auauÌ„ce forwardes the most that they myght wtout arresâ—inge in any parte but whaÌ„ they were forced for to defende theÌ„self But Demosthenes coulde not do so for that that he was empesched by manye meanes insomuche as he was departed out of his lodging after the other and insomuche as he had the artiere warde he was the furst that the ennemys shulde haue assailled For this cause he was coÌ„strayned to geue himself asmuche to kepe his meÌ„ ready to fight being aduertised that the Syracusains followed theÌ„ as also to cause theÌ„ to passe on their way in such sorte that by slacking his iourney he was ouertakeÌ„ by his ennemys wherof he his people were afrayde astonyed And somuch the more that he was ouertaken in a place that was enuironed with rampars and in a way where there was Olyue trees on euery syde whereby they were incontinently troubled with stroakes of dartes that â—â—â—ir ennemys did cast against them on all sydes who would not assaille them for to fyght hande to hande with all their strength for that seinge them in dispaier of their welth it semed vnto theÌ„ not to be
sayde countreys of Eleusyne and of Triasâ—e passed no further but retourned Throughe occasyon wherof after hys retourne he was reiected and bannyshed from the cytye of Sparte for that that it was suspected that he had taken monneye for to retourne But whan the Athenyans vnderstoode that the hoste of ennemys was before Acarne whiche was not distant but .lx. slades from the cytye and that they sawe before theyr yes theyr terrytorye wasted which thyng neuer maÌ„ of the towne yonge nor olde had sene but at the warre of Medes they thought it a thynge to muche intollerable and not to be suffred And so they were determyned specyally the yonge people no longer to indure it but to ysâ—ue forth vpon the ennemyes Whervpon the people beynge assembled vpon the markett there was amonge them a great altercation For some wolde that they shulde yssue fourth wyth all theyr force the other wolde not sufâ—re it the dyuynours also vnto whome men repayred on all sydes for to knowe theyr opynyon reaported dyuers Iudgementes and dyuers dyuynations On thoder syde the Acarnanyans seynge that theyr lande was wasted laboured greatly the Athenyans to sett fourthe and they thoughte that they oughte to do it for to succoure theyr people that were wythin Acarne in greate nomber In thys manner the cytye was in greate tumulte and dyssentyon of all sydes and were angry against Perycles and spake vnto hym many iniuryous wordes for that that he wolde not leade them fourthe beynge theyr duke saying that he was cause of all theyr euylle wythoute remembrynge that whiche he had counsayled and shewed theÌ„ before the warre But he seyng that they were astonyed for the hurtes that they dyd see in theyr lande and that they had euyll opynyon in wille to go fourthe agaynst raysone he wolde not assemble them nor make declaration as he was accustomed to do Fearynge that they wolde make some determynation more throughe anger than by reason but gaue order to kepe the towne and to holde it quyet the moste that myght be And neuertheles he caused the horsmen to yssue fourthe for to defende that those that came frome the campe of the ennemies for to runne before the cytye myght not cary away the goodes that were aboutes it And there was a small conflict in the quarter that is called Phrigie betwene a bende of the sayd horsmen Athenyans the Thessalyans ioyned wyth them and those of the Beotyens Wherein the sayde Athenyans and Thessalyens had not the worste vntyll that the fotemen Bâ—otiens came to the succour of theyr horsmen For than they put them to flight And there were some of the deade men that were caryed awaye into the cytye the selfe same daye wythoute demaundynge them of the ennemyes And the morowe after the Peloponesyans erected and sett vp a trophee vpon the place in token of the vâ—ctorye Nowe the Thessalyans were auncyent allyes of the Athenyans aâ—d than they had sente them succoure of the sayde horsemen to wytt they â—f larisse they of Pharsale they of Parrhasie they of Cranonie they of Pirasie they of Cyrtomie and they of Ferere Of the whiche succours the Capytaynes were Polymedes and Aristanus for Larisse MenoÌ„ for Pharsale and other for euery one of the sayd cyties Whan the Peloponesians did se that the Athenyans came not fourth to battaile againste them they did breake vp from bifore Acarne and came to pyllaige ouerronne certain other villages that were betwene Parneth and the mountaygne of Brilesse ¶ Of many exploictes of warre that the Athenyans dyd aswelle by sea as by lande the sommer that the warre biganne and the wynter followynge togidres with certayne allyaunces and newe amyties that they made in Thrace and in Macedonie and fynally of the publique exequies or obyt that they celebrated at Athenes for theÌ„ that were dead in that same warre ☞ The .v. Chaptre DNringe the tyme that the Peloponesyans fouraged and wasted the countrey of Athenes the Athenyans caused to departe froÌ„ thair porte the houÌ„dred shippes that they had apparaiâ—led wherin were a thousande men armed and foure houndred Archers vnder the conduccte of Carcynus sonne of Xenotymus of Protheas sonne of Epicles and of Socrates sonne of Antigenus for to go to ouerronne rounde aboutes Peloponese Who beinge departed from the poorte with greate preparation coÌ„mytted theÌ„selfe vnto the sayle As concernynge the Peloponesyans they abodde in the land of Athenes so longe as they had victuailes And whan they beganne to faile theÌ„ they retourned through the couÌ„trey of BeotyaÌ„s without doing ther any harme But in passing through the countrey of Oropes who were subiectes of the Athenyans they pyllaged one quarter named Pyrace that done retourned euery man into Peloponese and so into his house After they were departed the Athenyans dyd ordeyne their wardes aswell by sea as by lande for all the tyme that the warre shulde endure And by comon decree kepte a thousande talentes of theÌ„ that were in the fortresse of the olde cytie and dyd ordeyne that no man shulde touche yt but of the remanant men might take that that shulde be nedefull for the feate of warre And they did defende vpon payne of lyfe that no man shulde propone nor put into deliberation to take of the sayd thousande talentes except it were of necessitie for to resiste the ennemys in case that they came to assayle the cytie by sea With that same monney they made an houndred galleys besyde the ordynary ryght fayer and gorgyouse And euery yeare they therunto appoynted newe patrones and Capytaynes Whiche galleys might not be employed to any other vse but in the case aboue said men might take of the said somme of a thousande talentes As touchinge those that were departed in the oâ—here houndred shippes againste the countrey of Peloponese they ioyned themselues with fifty other shippes that the Corcyryens had sente them for succoure and altogether compassinge aboutes the sayde countrey besides many greate hurtes that they there dyd they landed and came to assiege the cytie of Metoune whyche ys in the countrey of Laconie whiche was than yll repayred with walles vnprouyded of people But by fortune Brasidas sonne of Telydas Spartayne was in the same quarter very nighe vnto yt with a smal nomber of men of warre Who vnderstandinge the comynge of the ennemys came with a houndred armed men onely for to succour the towne and passed through the myddes of the campe of the ennemys that were dispersed skatered abroade And they made to the walle so diligently and manfully that with a very small losse of his people that were slayne in passinge through he entred into the towne and saued yt By reasone of whyche hardynes he was praised by the Spartaynes aboue all those that were in that same warre At departure fromthens the Athenyans wente to lande in the coutrey of Elede wherin they toke the towne of Phee where they soiourned two daies pillaging al
allyes beinge in flyght their battaille was brokenne on bothe sydes whereby the Athenyans that were in the lefte poynct were in great daunger For that that the Lacedemonyans and the Tegeates whyche were in the ryghte poyncte of the ennemyes had enclosed them on the one syde and on the other their allyes were vainquished and had not it bene for the succour whiche they had with their horsemen they had bene all destroyed And also in thies enterfaictes Agis beinge aduertysed that those that were in the lefte poyncte of his battaille dyrectly agaynste the Mantynyans and the thousand souldears Argyues were in greate parille he commaunded all his people that they shuld go to succour them which thing they dyd by meane wherof the Athenians had leasure to saue themself with the Argiues which had bene vainquished And as touchinge the Mantynyans and the thousand sonldyars of the Argiues they hadde no hart any loÌ„ger to poursue against them that were opposit or directly against them but yet seinge their people beaten or ouercomme and the Lacedemonyans that came to ouerronne them they dyd lykewise flye and therin many of the Mantynyans were slayne but the more parte of the thousande souldyars Argiues saued themselfe in retyringe all fayer and easely wythout flying in disaraye For also the customme of the Lacedemonyans ys to fight aâ—grelye and longe vntill they haue putt their ennemyes to flyghte but afterwardes as they see them flye they follow not them longe And suche was the yssue of that same battayl the whiche was the greateste and mooste sharpe amonge alle the othere that the Grekes had hadde togider for also the same was betwene the mooste puissance Cyties of Grece After the victorie the Lacedemonyans spoilled furst the dead bodies of the ennemyes of their harnes wherw t they dressedde their Trophee and than they spoilled them of their habillemeÌ„tes and apparell which they caryed away and that done they rendred the Cariogns to the ennemyes that requyred them As touching theirs they caused them to be caryed into the towne of Tegea and there they caused them to be honnorably engraued or buryedde The nomber of them that dyed in that battaille was of the Argiues Orneates and Cleonyans aboutes leuene houndred of the Mantynyans two houndred and of the Athenyans and Argyues asmany amongeste whome were Dukes and Capytaines of the same Athenyans and Argiues On the Lacedemonyans parte there was not so many as there nedeth any greate memory of them and also the nomber is not well knowen but it is comonly sayde that there dyed of them aboutes thre houndred Nowe was it happened that at the houre whan the battaille shulde be made Plistoanax the other kynge of Lacedemony yssued wythe the olde and yonge people of the Cytie for to comme to the succours of the othere But being comme to Tegea and there vnderstandinge the newes of the victorye he retourned and so contremanded or wylled the Corinthians and othere allyes that be out of the distraict of Peloponese whyche came lykewyse to the succoures of the sayde Lacedemonyans to repaire homewardes and geuyng lycence to certayne estrangers that were wyth them to departe they afterwarde celebrated theire feast which is named Carnea And by this meane they reuenged and blotted out the infamie and shame which they had receyued of the Athenyans aiwelle in the Island as in other places wherby they were reputed nyce people and euil warriours through this only victory and yt was knoweÌ„ that that which bifore tyme had happened vnto them was through fortune of warre but that their vertue and force therin was such as had bene accustomed It chaunsed also that the day bifore the sayd battaille the Epidaurians thinking that the Argiues had bene al gone to that same battaill by that meane that the Cytie remayned voide or desolate they came with al their strength or power for to enter into their land and did slay some of their cytezeins that were left for defence of the cytie whych came fourth against them But thre thousand Elyans which did come to the succour of Mantynyans and a thousand Athenyans which lykewyse came to the succour of theirs togiders wyth those that were eskaped from the battaille ioigned themself togider and went all agaynst Epidaure And in the meane tyme that the Lacedemonyans made their feaste of Carnea they assieged the sayde cytie on all sydes departynge the quartiers amonge them and they enclosed yt wyth walles And the Athenyans in the quarter that was geuene or appoyncted to them after that the other dyd ceasse to worke they fortefyed the temple of Iuno whyche was wythout the cytie in their sayd quarter and therin placinge a good garnysonne they afterwardes retournedde fromethence into theire houses And so the sommer endedde ¶ How the peace was made bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues and afterwardes the allyance And of some other thinges that were done aswell on the parte of the Lacedemonyans as of the same of the Athenyans wythout anny declaration of warre ☞ The .x. Chapter IN the begynnyge of the wynter followynge the Lacedemonyans hauinge celebrated their feaste of Carnea the yssued into the feldes and wente towardes Tegea Being in which place they sente of their oune mynde their messengers vnto the Argyues for to treate the appoinctmente Nowe there was in the cytie of Argos many that were the chiefest with the Lacedemonyans the whyche furthere desyred to abolishe the estate and gouernance of the common people whyche was in the cytie and to bringe it vnto a small nomber And after the battaille loste founde manye of the people of theire opynyon And for to do that they wolde furste make peace wyth the Lacedemonyans and that done afterwardes make the allyance by meanes whereof they hoped to subdewe the people The Lacedemonyans dydde than seâ—de Lychas the sonne of Arcesilaus for to treate the peace for that that he had a house in the towne to whome they gaue charge for to demaunde of theym the one of twoo thynges to wyt in what force they wolde make warre if they woolde haue yt or peace if that they desyred peace whereupon there were greate altercations for that that Alcibiades was there who trauailled to the contrary wyth hys power But fynally they that toke parte wyth the Lacedemonyans had furste so declared their myndes and vsed suche diligence that they induced the comon people to make and accepte the sayde peace in manner that followeth The fourme of the peace bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues IT pleaseth the counsaill of the Lacedemonyans to make peace with the Argiues in this manner to wytt that the Argyues shall render to the Orchomenyans their childrene to the Menaliens their Cytezeins and those that were wythin Mantinea to the LacedemoniaÌ„s And further that they shulde wythdrawe their people whiche they hadde bifore Epidaure and rase downe the walle whyche they hadde there made And if the Athenyans wolde not wythdrawe theirs fromthence
wyth the Medes agaynste the Grekes at Marathonie The people of Athenes bryngyng thies auncient thynges to remembrance was more sharpe and more chafedde to enquier of this same matter of the dyssyguredde ymages and of the corrupted sacrefices fearynge to come agayne into subiection of tyrantes And perswaded themself that the sayed excesse and mysdedes had bene done to the same entente By occasion whereof many greate personages of the cytie were putt into prysone And the persecution and wrath of the commons encreasedde dayllye to apprehende and imprysone men vntylle that one of theym that hadde bene takene and was reputed for moste coulpable at perswation of one of the other prysoners discoueredde the thynge were it truely or faulselye for the trouth coulde neuer be knowyn nother than nor afterwardes But somuche there was that he was perswadedde that if he discoueredde the case by accusynge of hymselfe and of some other he shoulde putt the reste of the cytye oute of suspition and of danger And also by so doynge shoulde be in suertie for to escape and to be delyueredde By this meane he confessedde the case of Hermes or pictures as touchyng hymself and also accused a compaignie of other whome he declared to haue bene partakers therof whereby the comons thynkyng that he had sayed the trouthe were ryght ioyfull For they were tomuche angry that no knowlaige coulde be had of a dede done by so great nomber of people And so he that had confessedde the matter togiders wyth the other whome he had not chargedde were fourthwyth delyuered And of those which he had charged al they that might be taken were putt to execution by sentence or iudgemente The other that fledde fromethence were condempnedde of contumacye to death and a huyer was lymytedde and appoynctedde for all men whiche dydde slaye theyme And yett was it not knowyn for trouthe whider that those whiche had bene executed were gylty or not Neuerthelas in all the rest the cytie reputed itselfe to haue gaigned and profytedde greatly But the comons were displeasedde wyth Alcibiades who was accused of this chance of the ymages by his ennemyes to wytte by those same that had charged him therwith bifore his departure And takyng it to be trewe that he had bene gilty of the case of the Hermes or pictures they easely perswaded themself that he likewise had bene partaker of the other case of the sacrefices with the other complices conspirators against the comons And the suspection didde growe somuche the more that a certene small nomber of warryours beyng Lacedemonyans did in that self time come vntill the distreate of Peloponese for to appoynte and intreate of some matter with the Beotians Wherby the AtheniaÌ„s had suspicion that it had bene through consent of the said Alcibiades vnder coulour of the sayd treatie and that if the same AtheniaÌ„s had not preuented to take the sayd citizeins whome they had taken vpon suspition the cytie had bene in daÌ„ger to be taken and betrayed And the suspition was so great that a great watch in armure was for one nyght kept in the cytie of the temple of Theseus In the selfe tyme the gestes and frendes of the same Alcibiades which were in the cytie of Argos were suspected to be willing for to inuade the comons which thing being by them signefyed vnto the Athenyans they licenced the sayed Argiues for to slaye the citizeins of Athens which they had in their citie of Argos who were deliuered vnto them for hostage and by them to be sent vnto certaine Islandes In this manner Alcibiades was suspected on all sydes Whereupon they that were wyllynge to cause hym to come to iudgemente for to condempne hym to death purchased to cause hym to be adiournedde or somoned in Sycile togiders with the other of whome hathe bene spokene and gaue charge vnto the Messenger that he shoulde comaunde hym to followe hym incontinentlye and not to take hym for feare that they hadde aswell of the compaignions of warre which he had vnder his charge as also that the affaire of the enterpryse of Sycille shulde not be troubledde and yet moste pryncipallye that the Mantynyens and the Argiues who at the desyre of the same Alcibiades accompanyedde the sayed Athenyans in that same enterpryse shoulde not be mouedde or loste Than Alcibiades perceyâ—ynge the comaundemente and adiournynge that was made vnto hym mounted into a shypp and the other also adiourned did mounte withe him and departed fromthence togiders wyth the ship of Salamyne whych was comme for to adiourne them fayning to be willing to saille in compagnie vnto Athens But after that they were in Thurie they followed it no further nother afterwardes were sene by those of the sayd shipp of Salamyne who hauynge carefullye enquyred what way they were gone and not learnyng any newes therof they saylled froÌ„thence their right way Sone after Alcibiades departed from Thurie and sailled fromthence to lande in Peloponese being already bannyshedde from Athens And so after he and the other whych were in hys compaigny were condempned for contuinacye vnto death by the Athenyans ¶ Howe after the departure of Alcibiades the other two Dukes Athenyans hauynge done certen small thynges in Sycille did come to assiege the cytie of Saragosse and hadde a victorye agaynste the Syracusains ☞ The .xi. Chapter AFter the departure of Alcibiades the other twoo Dukes Athenyans departed all the armye into two partes and aither of theym dyd by lott take the charge of the one of theym And afterwardes they bothe togiders wyth all the hoste wente fromthence vnto Selynunte and to Egeste for to knowe if the Egestians were determyned to delyuer the monney whyche they had promysed and also for to vnderstaÌ„de the affayre of the said Selynuntyns and the question or difference whyche they had wyth the Egestains And they saylled a length the sea hauynge the Isle of Sycille of the coste of the sea Ionum on the lefte hande and came to aboorde bifore the cytie of Imere the whyche only in that same quarter is inhabyted wyth Grekes neuerthelesse they woolde not receyue the sayd Athenyans who at their departure fromtheÌ„ce sailled to a towne named Hiccara The whyche though that it were inhabytedde wyth Sycaniens was yet ennemy to the Egestains For this cause they pillaged yt and afterwardes did set of the Egestains wythin it Thys dependinge arryued the horsemen of the Egestains wyth whome the fotemen Athenyans came by lande wythin the Isle pillaginge and robbinge vntill Catana and their ships came vnto them coastynge alongeste the sea wherin they charged their butyes pillage aswell of beastes as of the other Nycias at departure froÌ„ Heccana weÌ„te incontynently to Egeste where he receiued of the Egestains thirty talentes And hauynge geuen order for certen other thynges retourned fromthence into the armye And besyde that some that they had taken for the sayd butye whych was solde they receyued one houndred and twenty taleÌ„tes of golde Afterwards
a good nomber from them to the temple of Olympiades whyche was therby fearynge leaste the Athenyans wolde come to pillage it for that that therin was great quantyte of golde and syluer The othere retyred into the cytie Neuertheles the sayde Athenyans wente not agaynste the said temple but hauynge receyued and brunned the cariogns of their men that were dead at the battaill they taryed there that same nyght And on the morow the Syracusains knowing to haue bene vainquished they sent vnto them for to demaÌ„de their dead men whych were in aâ—l aswell of theire cytezeinsâ— as of their allyes aboute two houndred and three skore and of the Athenyans togiders with their allyes aboutes fyftie whose boanes after that they were burned they dyd withdrawe and caryed them to Catanaâ— togiders wyth the spoilles of the ennemyes and by thys meane they retyred for that that they were already in wynter whiche was no tyme to make warre They could not also coÌ„duct nor endure it with out horsmen wherof they atâ—ended a good nomber aswell from Athens as from their allyes also monney for to fournishe necessaries They hoped alâ—o duringe the wynter for to practique and wynne throâ—gh fauoure of that same victorie many cyties of Sycille vnto their partie and moreouer to make prouysyon of victuailles and of all other thinges for to come agayne to laye theire Siege to Sarragosse immediatly after the winter Thies were in effecte the causes whyche mouedde theym to comme for to wynter at Catana and at Naxe Howe the Syracusains hauing chosen newâ— Dukes and geuene order in their affayres they made an assaulte agaynst them of Catana and how the Athenyans faylled to take the Cytie of Messane ☞ The .xiii. Chapter AFter that the Syracusains had caused their dead men to be buryed the people was assembled In the whyche assemblie Hermocrates sonne of Hermon who was estemed as greatly wyse and prudente as any man of the cytie and moreouer valyante and experymented in matters and feate of warre made vnto them many declarations and perswations for to geue them courage and that they shuld not be astonied for the losse whiche they had had shewynge vnto them that the same losse was not chanced to them through lacke of courage but through faulte of order and also that yt was not so greate as by reason it shulde haue bene consyderinge that on theire side there were none but comon people and men not often experimeÌ„ted in warre and the ennemyes were the beste practysedde of all Grece and suche as vsed the crafte and feate of warre more than of any other thynge Also the multytude of their capytaynes dyd noye them greatly For there were fyue of them that had not greate obeyssance of their souldyars But in case that they wolde chose some small nomber of more experte and of more meâ—e parsons for Capitains and durynge that same wynter assemble a good nomber of souldyars fournishyng theÌ„ wyth harnes that had not therof and moreouer wolde exercyse themself in feates of armes durynge the sayd tyme he had good hoope that they shulde haue the better agaynste their ennemyes addyng good order and conducte vnto their couraige and hardynes whyche thynges be necessary for warre To wytt order and conducte for to knowe foresee and exchue the dangers and hardynes for to execute that whyche shal be deuysed by wyt And also it were necessarye that the Dukes and Capytayns whych are to be chosen in small noÌ„ber as is aboue said shulde haue power in the feate of warre for to order and do therein euene as yt shulde seme to them to be expedyent for the welthe of the cytie geuynge them otheâ— suche as ys requysite in the same lyke cases For by thys meane the thinges whyche shulde be nedefull to be holden secrett may be kepte close and moreouer the prouysyons may be made without any contradiction After that Hermocrates had ended hys aduertysements all the people founde them good and dyd chose hymself for one of the Capytayns and wyth hym Heraclides sonne of Lysymachus and Sycanus sonne of Excrestus whome also they dyd chose Ambassadours for to go to the Lacedemonyans and Corynthians for to perswade them that they shulde ioygne togiders wyth them agaynste the Athenyans and that they shulde make so stronge and fierce warre in theire countreye that they shulde be constrayned to habandone and forsake Sycille orels that they shulde sende to the sayde Syracusains succours by sea In this meane tyme the armye of the Athenyans whyche was at Catana went fromthence agaynste Messane hopinge to haue taken it by treatie and conspyracie of some of the Cytezeins But they were deceyuedde of their enterpryse for that that Alcibiades who knewe the sayde treatie after that he was departed out of the hoste holding hymself in all poynctes assured that he shulde be bannyshed out of Athens had secretely discouered the treasone of those of the sayd cytie whyche toke parte wyth the Syracusains who hauynge furste slayne the transgressours and afterwardes moued the comons agaynste them and their complices obteygned what they woolde to wytt that the Atheuyans shulde not be receyued into the cytie who aftere that they hadde bene in the campe .xiii. dayes before the sayde Cytie parceyuinge that the wynter increased and waxed more bitter and that they beganne to lacke victualles also that they re enterpryse faylled them they retyredde to Naxe and to Thrace where they forcefyed their campe with diches and pales and there passed that same wynter Durynge the whyche they sente a galley vnto Athens for to demande newe succours wyth horsemen and wythe monney for the sprynge tyme followynge that they myght be hable to issue fourth into the feldes On the other syde the Syracusains duringe that same wynter enclosed wyth walles al the suburbs whyche was on the syde of Epipole to the intent that if by fortune they loste an other tyme the battaille in the feldes they might haue the greater space for to retyre wythin the closure of the Cytie and besydes that they made newe rampares aboutes the temple of Olympus and of the place called Megare and therin they put a good garnyson And moreouer in all sydes where men might descende from the sea to lande against the Cytie they made strong crosse barres and pales After that knowinge howe the Athenyans had embarqued theÌ„â—self nighe vnto Naxe for to wynter there all the people issued fourthe agaynste Catana and they pillaged all their terrytorie rased downe and burned all the lodginges and campe of the Athenyans that they had made whan they were there and afterwardes retourned fromthence into their houses ¶ Howe the Athenyans and the Syracusains sente Ambassadours towardes the Cameryns ayther partie for to withdraw them to their allyance and the answer which they made to them both And also the preparations practiques that the Athenyans made that same winter against the Syracusains ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter THies thinges thus
haue furnished horses and thirtye Arbalestriers on horsebacke togiders with three houÌ„dred talentes of monney which was sent vnto them froÌ„ Athens That same yeare the Lacedemonyans hauing made an army against the Argiues as they were in the felde for to go against Cleonarus there came soubdainly an earthquake whiche caused theym to retourne fromethence Which perceiued by the Argiues after that the other were retourned they yssued fourth into the territory of Thyree which is in their fronture pillaginge yt the butye was so great that yt was solde for .xxv. talentes more In that same seasoÌ„ the comons of Thespie did arise against the officers But the AthenyaÌ„s sent incoÌ„tinently of their people thider who did take one parte of the Mutyns or sedicious parsons on other parte fledde fromthence vnto Athens During that same somer the Syracusains beynge aduertised that the succours of horsemen were come to the Athenyans thinking that hauing the same they would incoÌ„tineÌ„tly come to assiege them aduysed remembred that there was a verye lytle fro the towne a place named Epipole which was haÌ„ging froÌ„ al sydes against the towne But aboue it was playne and spacious and there was but certene entrynges by whiche men myght mount vp whereupon considerynge that it was impossible for to close yt wyth walle rounde aboutes and also that if the ennemyes did gett yt they myght fromthence do many enylles into the towne they determyned to fournishe the entringes for to defende that the sayd ennemyes shulde not take them And so the morowe folowyng they moustred all the people bifore all the compaignions Collegues of Hermocrates in a meadowe that is nigh the ryuer which is called Anapesâ— Out of which people they did first chose sixe houÌ„dred men for to kepe and defede the sayd place of Epipole Of whome they gaue charge to Dyonulus bannisshed out of Andrie and sayd vnto hym that if annye thing chaunced in that affaire he shulde be incontinently succoured That same night the Athenyans hauyng made a reuiewe of their men aboute brâ—ake of the daye departed frome Catane and came to lande in a place named Leon whiche was no further disâ—ante from Epipole than sixe or seuen stades and ther lodged their footemen on lande bifore that the Syracusains perceiued it And on thoder syde the armye by sea came to ancre and bestowe themeselefe vnder a rocky place of the sea that is in a small straight whiche doth enter into the sea and is enuyroned on all sydes resaruedde one smalle quarter towardes the lande and that same place is calledde Thapsus is very nigh to Sarragosse And so they enclosed incontinently the entring that leadeth to lande wyth paales or boordes for to be in suertie on the lande syde That done thoseâ— that were landed dyd come in a great course vnto Epipole and gott yt bifore that the Syxe houndredde men whyche were appoynctedde for to goo thider were there for yett they were all on foote where the moustre was made And yet neuerthelas one greate partie of the people dydde ronne for to succoure the sayedde place but pryncipally the Syxe houndred whereof Dionulus hadde charge and he wyth theyme Nowe there was frome that same foote vntyll the place where the ennemyes alreadye were aboutes .xxv. stades so they were receyuedde by the ennemyes and repoulsedde in suche manner that they were constraynedde for to retyre into the cytye and there were slayne of theyme aboute three houndred amongeste the whyche was Dyonulus whose Corpses the Syracusayns demaunded by that meane confessedde the victorye vnto the ennemyes Who hauynge reysed vp there their Trophee the morowe after came to present and offer battaile bifore the towne But seynge that none yssuedde fourthe they reysedde and erected a castell in the toppe of Epipole in a a place called Lapdalum whyche is on the coaste of Megare for to wythdrawe thyder all their vesselles monney and baguage whan they yssued aither against the towne or to make any worke And sone after three houndred horsemen came vnto theym frome Egeste and aboute one houndred frome the Naxians and other Sycillians and they had alreadye of their oune twoo houndred and fyftie whiche had recoueredde horses aswell of the Egestain guifte as in other places for monney and so they had in all sixe houndred and fyftie horses Hauyng than put garnysone wythin Lapdalum they went fromthence agaynste Syca the whyche wythin verye smalle tyme they enclosed wyth wallesâ— whereof and of their greate diligence the Syracusayns were all astonyedde Neuerthelas for to shewe that they were not afrayde they yssued out of the cytye into the felde for to presente battaylle to the ennemyes But their Capytaynes parceiuing that they were in disorder and that it was harde for to bring theyme agayne into order caused theyme to retyre into the towne excepte one parte of their horsemen that remayned wythoute for to empesche and lette the Athenyans to gather stones and othere stuffe for to make the walle and also that they shoulde not ouercome the countrey But the horsemen Athenyans toâ—ider with a bende of foote men assailled theym and dyd put them to flyght and slewe a certaine nomber of them wherupon for cause of the sayd victory they sett vp yet an other Trophee The daye followynge the Athenyans beinge in their campe some of theym wete busyed in makyng the walle on the South syde and some other gathered togiders stoanes other stuffe nighe the place called Trogylum and wente laying and dischargyng yt alwayes in that quarter where the walle was lowest from the greatest porte vnto the othere sea Which parceyued by the Syracusains they determyned for to yssue no more altogiders agaynste their ennemyes mynding not to hazarde tomuche But they purposed to make and reyse vp an rampare wythoute the walle of the towne in the quarter where the Athenyans reysed vp their walle For it semed vnto them that if they myght haue sonner parfaicted and ended their sayd rampare for to repoulse their ennemyes than they their wall hauing therin put their good warde and watche they might sende parte of their men for to wyn get the entringes and afterwardes to fournishe them whiche doing they thought that it might be that the AtheniaÌ„s shulde ceasle their worke for to come altogiders against them So they did yssue fourth of the citie began to labour at their raÌ„pare beginning froÌ„ the wall of the towne continuing al alongest that same of thennemyes For making of whiche worke they cutt downe greate quantitie of Olyue trees within the courte of the temple whereof also they made towers vpon the said rampare For they yet did kepe the quarter towardes the sea for that that the Athenyans had not yett caused their shyppes to come oute of Thapsus into the great poorte out of the whiche place of Thapsus they causedde to be brought by lande vyttuailles and
Corynthians in the begynnyng kepte theymeself in their sorte wythoute marchynge further But afterwardes whan they thought good they marched agaynst the Athenyans The one armye dyd faight long agaynst the other in suche sort that thre Corinthians galleis were sonken as touching the Athenyans although that there were none of them drownedâ— yet there were seuene of theym frusshedde and brused in their foore partes with the beckes of the Corynthyans that was more stronge than theirs and also the Oares broken on the one syde in suche maÌ„ner that they were vtterly destroyed and vnprofitable for to saille And in effect the battaile was of suche sorte that euery of the parties pretended to haue had the victorye Neuerthelas the Athenyans receyued their shyppe wrackes but beyng charged wyth a great wynde they retyred the one of the one syde and the other an other waye to wytt the Peloponesians into their hauone where they were in suertie by meane of their people that were in the lande and the Athenyans vnto Naupacte After whiche departure the Corynthians dydde incontinently reyse vp a Trophee by cause of the shyppes which they had destroied and crusshed in greater nomber than those which they had loste reputinge theymselfe not to be vainquishedde for the selfe reasone for whyche the ennemyes reputed theymeselfe also not to haue vaynequished For that that it semedde to the Corynthyans not to haue bene vainequished excepte the victory of thennemyes had bene greate Also the Athenyans to the contrarye helde themself as for ouercome if they had not great victory Notwythstanding after that the Peloponesians were gone oute of the sayed hauone and their footemen departed fromethence the Athenyans reysed vp a trophee in Achaia as victoryous although that they were more than twenty stades a farre of the place frome Erimeum where the Corynthyans shipps were This yssue had the battaille by sea bitwene them ¶ Howe in the meane time that Demosthenes and Eurimedon were in their voiage for to come to succoure the campe of the Athenyans in Sycille the Syracusayns had a victory by sea agaynste the sayd Athenyans that kepte them aâ—â—ieged ☞ The .vii. Chapter AFter that the Thuriens were allyed or confederated wyth the Athenyans as hath bene abouesayd Demosthenes and Eurymedon caused them to fournyshe seuene houndred men well armedde and three houndred darte casters the which they embarqued and commanded them that they shulde go fromthence straight into the quarter of Crotonia And they after that they had takene mouster of their men nigh the ryuer of Sibaris ledde them through the lande of the Thuriens agaynst Crotonia But being arryued in the ryuer of Hylias they founde certene messengers of the Crotoniens whyche declared vnto theyme that their Lordes were not wyllynge that they shulde passe throughe their lande By occasion whereof they toke their waye towardes the sea alongest the sayd ryuer and being arryued in the quarter where it entreth into the sea they lodged there their hoste where their shippes aryued Wherâ—to beyng all mounted they sailled fromthence alongest that same coast practysynge all the cytyes that were vpon the same excepte the cytye of Locres and fynally they came to the place of Petra whiche was in the lande of the Rhegins In this meane tyme the Syracusains beynge aduertised of their comynge enterprysed afreshe for to proue and essay the fortune of battaile by sea and also appoyncted a good nomber of footemen by lande Nowe they hadde dressed a good nomber of ships of an other sorte than they had done in the furst battaile for that that in the same they had learned parceyued the faulte of those which they than had wherupon hauing prouyded for the same faulte they hoped well to haue the victorye for they had shortened the beckes and poynctes of the foore partes of their shyps for to make them more â—irme and more stiffe and also they had armed the wastes or sydes of their sayed shyps with greate peces of woode of .vi. Cubittes of length asmuche within as withoute of the selfesorte that the Corynthians had done with their ships whan they did fight against the Athenians at Naupacte And it semed well vnto them that by that meane comynge against the Athenians shippes whiche shulde not be made of that same sorte but shulde haue their foore partes longer and more subtile for that that they come not ryght for to schocke with the poynct but weÌ„t more sydelyng for to strike on the sydes their ships shulde be as good and better than the othere And that hauing to fight within the poarte wyth great nomber of ships there shulde not be space for to saille by tourneying or in course but must of necessitie come afronte wherby the poynctes of their shyps beyng strongest better armed with Irone than the other they shuld easely crushe and bruse them And by that meane they hoped that the same which at the other battaille had caused theÌ„ to lose through ignorance of their maroners shulde nowe cause them to haue the victorye And also those same AthenyaÌ„s shulde not haue facultie and power for to withdrawe their shippes at their will for afterwardes to come againe to schocke on those of the ennemyes as they hadde done the other tyme excepte that they shulde withdrawe theyme frome the lande syde and yett frome the same coaste they coulde haue no greate espace for to doo yt and also they shoulde fynde the Syracusayns on the shoore whyche shoulde be readye for to endomage theym and for to succour the same Syracusains and moreouer being in a straict place they shuld empesche and let the one the other whiche thynge had alwayes causedde greate anoyance and hurte vnto the Athenyans in all their battaylles by sea for that that they coulde not wythdrawe theymself so easely as the Syracusayns who hadde the smalle poarte wholy in their power and also kepte the mouthe of the greate poarte empeschedde and by that meane they hadde the mayne sea where the Athenyans hadde for all their feate but onely the greate poarte whiche was not spacious ynoughe and also they hadde Plemyryum agaynste theyme whiche was in the mouthe of the sayed greate poorte In thys manner the Syracusayns deuysedde their affaire in good hope to haue honour thereby for the reasons abouesayedâ— and dydde execute yt in the forme whiche followeth For Gylippus a lytle bifore the sayd battaille dydsett fourthe of the cytie his footemen veray nyghe the walle of the Athenyans frome the coaste of the same cytye On the other syde those that were at Olympus aswelle horsmen as footemen lightlye armedded and darte caâ—ters came lykewyse agaynste the sayed walle on both sydes And sone after the shyps of the Syracusayns yssued fourth aswelle their oune as the same of their allyes Whan the Athenyans perceyued the sayd shyps of the ennemyes for to come fourth they all were thereby greatlye trowbledde For hauyng sene the footemen a lytle bifore marchyng towardes
wytt aboutes .lx. where the ennemyes had but fyftie To the whyche counsaille and aduyse Nycias agrede But whan they woulde haue caused the people to be embarqued the maronners refused yt for the feare whiche they yet had of the combate wherin they had bene vaynquished and yt semed not to them that they coulde any more haue better wherfore they were forced to change opynyon and all wyth one accorde determined to saue theymselfe by lande Hermocrates the Syracusayne doubted greatly the same and therfore consyderyng that yt shuld be a dangerous thinge if one suche an hoste dyd retyre aud ioygnedde togider agayne in any parte on lande wherby they might begynne a new warre he wente vnto the officers of the towne and sayde to them that there ought to be hadde good regarde that same night vnto the departure of the ennemys declaring vnto them by many reasons the dangers which might therby happene And that it semed to him that all the men that were in armure in the towne aswelle of the countrey as strangers shuld yssue fourth and go to gett the passages by whiche the saide Athenyans myght saue themself And of that same opynyon were the othere knowinge that he dyd say the trouthe but they consydered that the compaignyons which had fought all the day were trauaylledde and desyred rest and therfore wold not wyllingly obey vnto that whiche shulde be commaundedde them touchinge the same and somuche the lesse as the morowe followyng was the feaste of Hercules in the whyche were prepared great sacryfices for to render vnto hym thankes for the same so greate a victorie which doynge many accordynge to the custome were mynded to reioyce and refreshe themself by eatinge and drynkinge wherefore any other thinge shulde haue bene moore easy to perswade them than to yssue fourth that same day in armure for the which reasons they agrede not to the opynyon of Hermocrates who seinge that he coulde not brynge them vnto it and consyderynge that the ennemyes that same nighte by retyrynge might gett the passages of the mountaigns which were stronge and difficille deuysed one suche a sutteltie For he sente some of hys compaignyons horsmen very nighe vnto the campe of the Athenyans so that they myghte well heare them and faygninge to be of those of the towne that affectioned the Athenyans wherof there were many that certefied newes to Nycias and that they were come thider for to do it saide that it was to be signefied vnto him that he shuld not remoue for that night For the Syracusayns had garnished the passages so that in the night there shuld be danger therin for the disorder of his menâ— but the daye beinge come marchinge in battaille and in good order they might more easely get the same passages Those whyche had hearde thies words sent them to the Dukes and capytayns of the campe who not thinkinge that there had bene any deceite therin determyned for to soiourne there that same nyght also the morowe followynge So they did it to be knowin to all the warryors that they shuld ordeyn and make ready all their case for to departe wythin two dayes wtout carying any thing but only that which shuld be necessary for them for the vsage of their parsonnes During thys tyme Gylippus and the Siracusains sent to fournishe the passages by the whyche they thought that the sayde Athenyans shuld passe And specially at the passage of the ryuers they sett good garnysons and also lykewyse in the other straight or narrowe places On the other syde those of the towne issued fourth into the porte recouered the shippes of the Athenians wherof they burned some which thinge those same Athenians had bifore determyned to do of the other euery man did take what he woolde wiâ—hdiewe them to lande wtout thys any parson did speake againste him After that Nycias Demosthenes hauing ordeined their case as they did thinke good departed fromthence the fourth day after the battaill which was a thing right greuous right heauy to them all not only for this that they had lost all their ships that froÌ„ a great hope which they had had in the beginning for to subdue that same cuÌ„trey they were brought into a great danger aswell of themself as of their cytie but also for thys that it was an harde myserable spectacle or sight to forsake their campe and their baguages wherby their harts and all their spirits were ouercoÌ„me and adnichillated and thought made theÌ„ right heauy and astonyed And on the other parte their coÌ„paignions being dead and remayning in the feide wtout buryal whan they did se any of theÌ„ that brought them horrour sorowe and feare but they had yet more compassion of the hurt lamed and of the sicke men whiche they lette thinking that they were moore vnhappy than those that were dead Also the poore and miserable perceyuinge the other to departe did wepe and crye prayinge their compaignions by their names that they wold carye them awayeâ— and whan they dyd see any of their parentes domesticall or specyall frendes they followedde and kepte theyme backe the mooste that they myghte And whan they coulde not followe theyme furthere they cryedde and wepte blaiming and cursynge them So that all the hoaste was full of sighings and teares wherby the departure was greatly and muche retarded Although that considerynge the greate euylles whiche were chanced vnto theym and that they feared to come vnto theyme dyd putt theyme into greate sorowe and care and muche more yet than they made semblante for And besydes this that they were all sorowfull and afrayde they were moreouer angry the one agaynst the othere And in a totall some they were all as people that fledde oute of a ryghte greate cytie whiche had bene taken by force for they were all togider whan they departed aboutes Foortye thousande wythoute speakynge of maroners and of thother who caryedde euery man that whyche he myght The men of armes aswelle on foote as on horse caryed euery man the victuailles vnder their harnnes whyche was a thynge that they had not accustomed the one for feare that they coulde not recouer it and thoder for faulte of varlettes and esklaues for the moste parte of them were fled to the ennemyes partly already bifore that time but the most parte after that same ouerthrowe And also the victuailles whiche they taryed were not suffyciente for their necessitie for that that it welle nyghe failled them in the campe And although that in other places and othere tymes such darthe and skarcenes myght be somewhat tollerable for that that it is comon and egall as muche to the one as to the othere and is not accompaignedde wyth myschief yet to those there it was somuche the more greuous whan they considered the glory wherin they had bene and the mysery and desolation wherunto they were fallen For truly this same greate noueltie chancâ—dde than to the hooste of the Grekes that
good to put the thing in hazarte of the battaille but rather it was that which thennemys shuld most desyre And on the other parte knowyng to haue already almoste the victorye in their handes they feared to coÌ„myt any faulte For it semed well vnto them that wythout faighting in rancked battaille in suffrynge by suche meanes theiâ— ennemyes they shulde haue them without doubte at their wyll and pleasure Hauing than escharmouchedde by suche meane all the daye wyth strokes of dartes and knowyng that they were discouraiged an heraulte was sente vnto theym frome Gylippus the Syracusayns and their allyes Whiche did furste to vnderstande that if there were any of the Islanders cyties that would wythdrawe and come to them he shuld be saued Whereupon there were some bendes that withdrewe theymeself but veray fewe And afterwardes the lyke offer was made vnto Demosthenes that to all those that woulde putt of their armure lyfe shulde be saued and shulde not be put into close prysone nothere any necessitie of victuailles the whiche partie they all dyd accepte whiche were founde aboute sixe thousande and at the arryuall euery man consigned and delyuered the monney whiche he hadde the whiche they layde downe wythin foure crownes beynge vppermoste wherof they had plentie And fourthwith they were ledde vnto Sarragosse Duryng this tyme Nycyas had iourneyed all that same day to the ryuer Erineus hauing passed the whiche he was lodged vpon an high hille verye nigh vnto yt In the whiche place he was the morowe after ouer takene by the Athenyans who signefied vnto him that Demosthenes and his men had rendred themself admonysshynge hym to do the lyke whereunto Nycyas woulde not geue sayth or creditt but demanded them that they shulde be contente that he might sende one of his horsemen for to brynge the trewe repoarte thereof vnto hym whyche they graunted vnto hym And afterwardes beyng infourmed by hys sayd horsemen he sent to shewe vnto Gylippus and the Syracusains that he was content to make appoynttment wyth them in the name of the Athenyans if they would suffer him to passe with his men to wytt to render and repaye vnto them all the charge that they had made in that same warre and thereupon to delyuer them for hostages a certene nomber of Athenyans whom repaying the sayd monney they would buy a gayne at a talent for euery hedde But Gylippus and the Syracusains would not accept the said partie but they assailled them with stroakes of dartes on all sydes so longe as the daye endured And notwithstandyng that they were by that meane euyll entreated and also in necessitie of victuailles yet they determyned to departe fromthence that same nightâ— and had already taken their armure for to marche whan they vnderstoode that the ennemyes had parceuerance therof by the signe of the battaille which they had caused to be geuen in their campe So they did putt their armure of except three houndred or theraboutes whiche passed by force ouerthwart the watche of the sayd ennemys hopyng to saue theymself for that night The daye beynge come Nycyas toke hys iourney with his men But as he did begynne to marche the ennemyes assailled him with hande stroakes and with shott on all sydes as they had done the daye precedynge And yett neuerthelas susteigninge the stroakes aswelle of the sayed dartes and arrowes as also of horsemen they iourneyd still further hopynge to get the ryuer of Assinaris aswel for that that it semed that the same being passed the shulde goo in more suertie as also for to drynke for they all were troubled wyth thurste Beyng than arryued within the syght of the same ryuer they russhed all soubdainly into it without keping any order but so as edâ—ry man might cast himself furst into yt But thennemyes whiche followed pâ—â—forced themself for to lett them to passe wherby the disorder was veray greate forsomuch as in passing soubdainly and in a greate trowpe the one empesched the other aswelle with their parsones as with their harnois weapons So that the one dyd soubdainely swymme and the othere were so entermedledde togither that the ryuer dyd carye theym awayt and the ennemyes whiche kepte both the sydes whiche were veray high pursued theym on all sydes with stroakes of dartes and wyth hande In manner that a greate nomber of theyme were slayne specyally of the Peloponesyans who rested in the depeste of the water for to drynke the better at their ease By meane wherof the water was incontynently troubledde aswell with bloude of those that were hurte as with the mudde whiche they remoued by passing And yet neuerthelas they ceased not to drynke for the greate thurste that they had but rather they did fight amongest theymeselfe for drynke where they dyd see the water moste clere Fynally the ryuer beynge replenysshed wyth deade men whiche tombled the one vpon the othere and all that same armye destroyed to wytt some by the ryuer and the other that were eskaped by the horsmen Nycias rendred hymself vnto Gylippus trusting more in him than in the Syracusayns And submytting himself to the will of hym and of the other Peloponesians he prayed hym that he woulde not suffre the othere men of warre whiche were not yet deade to be slayne Whiche thyng Gylippus graunted vnto hym and defended that no man shoulde slaye anny more of the Athenyans but that they shulde be takene prysoners And so all those that were not hydde of whome was a greate nomber were taken prysoners and the three houndredde whiche were skaped in the night were lykewyse taken by the horsemen whyche were afterwardes sente vnto them but whan they were all togiders there was no greate nomber of them For the most parte vnclothed theymselfe and fledde fromthence by diuers wayes whereby all Sycille was replenyshedde for that that they rendred not themself by composition as those with Demosthenes but a greate partie of them did dye And in effecte that same slaughter was so great or greater than any other that had bene made in Sycille at any tyme bifore durynge that same warre For besydes those that were slayne by faightynge there was a greate nomber slayne in flyinge by the wayes orelles so hurte that afterwardes they dyed neuerthelas many dyd saue theymself some that same daye and the other the nyght followynge the whiche retyred into Catana The Syracusayns than and their allyes hauyng takene of the prysoners the moste that they myght retyred to Sarragosse being arryued at which place they sente the prysoners into an castelle namedde Litothomia the whiche they reputedde the strongest and most suer of al the other that they had But they soone caused Demosthenes Nycyas to dye against Gylippus will Who reputed that it shulde haue bene greate honnour vnto hym and for greate glorye besydes the victory at his retourne to bryng the Dukes of the ennemyes prysoners to the Lacedemonyans whereof the one had bene their mortell and sharpe ennemye at the ouerthrowe