of hope of his life and safetie The Saracens seeing and knowing this his banner that part of them which enuironed the Citie by water made towards him with twentie Gallies and thirteene shippes which they commonly cal Cazh seeking to inclose the Kings shippe But by Gods helpe the billowes of the Sea swelling and raging against them and the Kings shippe gliding and passing through the waues with an easie and nimble course arriued suddenly in the hatten of Ioppa the enemies frustrated of their purpose and sixe of the Saracens were hurt and wounded by shot out of the Kings shippe So that the King entering into the Citie and nowe appearing in safetie in all their sightes the spirits of all them that mourned for him and vntil then lamented as though hee had bene dead reuiued because that the head and King of the Christians and prince of Ierusalem was yet aliue and come againe vnto them in perfect health ¶ Mention made of one Hardine of England one of the chiefest personages and a leader among other of two hundred saile of ships of Christians that landed at Ioppa in the yeere of our Lord God 1102. CHronicon Hierosolymitanum libro 9. cap. 11. Interea dum haec obsidio ageretur 200. naues Christianorum nauigio Ioppen appulsae sunt vt adorarent in Hierusalem Horum Bernardus Witrazh de terra Galatiae Hardinus de Anglia Otho de Roges Hadewerck vnus de praepotentibus Wesifalorum primi ductores fuisse referuntur c. Erat autem tertia feria Iulij mensis quando hae Christianorum copiae Deo protegente huc nauigio angustiatis obsessis ad opem collatae sunt Sarracenorum autem turmae videntes quia Christianorum virtus audacter facie ad faciem vicino sibi hospitio proximè iungebatur media nocte oâ—biincumbente amotis tentorijs amplius milliari subtractae consederunt dum luce exorta consilium inirent vtrum Ascalonem redirent aut ciues Iaphet crebris assultibus vexarent The same in English VVHile the Sarazens continued their siege against Ioppa two hundred saile of Christian ships arriued at Ioppa that they might performe their deuotions at Hierusalem The chiefe men and leaders of these Christians are reported to haue bene Bernard Witrazh of the land of Galatia Hardine of England Otho of Roges Haderwerck one of the chiefe noble men of Westphalia c. This Christian power through Gods speciall prouision arriued here for the succour and reliefe of the distressed besieged Christians in Ioppa the third day of Iuly 1102. and in the second yeere of Baldwine king of Ierusalem Whereupon the multitude of the Sarazens seeing that the Christian power ioyned themselues boldly close by them euen face to face in a lodging hard by them the very next night at midnight remooued their tents and pitched them more then a mile off that they might the next morning bee aduised whether they should returne to Ascalon or by often assaults vexe the citizens of Iaphet Chronicon Hierosolymitanum eodem libro 9. cap. 12. continueth this historie of these two hundreth saile of ships and sheweth how by their prowesse chiefly the multitude of the Sarazens were in short space vanquished and ouerthrowen The words are these Ab ipso verò die terriae feriae dum sic in superbia elatione suae multitudinis immobiles Saraceni persisterent multis armorum terroribus Christianum populum vexarent sexta feria appropinquance Rex Baldwinus in tubis cornibus a Iaphet egrediens in manu robusta equitum peditum virtutem illorum crudeli bello est aggressus magnis hinc hinc clamoribus intonantes Christiani quoque qui nauigio appulsi sunt horribili pariter clamore cum Rege Baldwino graui strepitu vociferantes Babylonios vehementi pugna sunt aggressi saeuissimis atque mortiferis plagis eos affligentes donec bello fatigati vltra vim non sustinentes fugam versus Ascalonem inierunt Alij verò ab insecutoribus eripi existimantes marâ— se credentes intolerabili procellarum fluctuatione absorpti sunt Et sic ciuitas Ioppe cum habitatoribus suis liberata est Ceciderunt hac die tria millia Sarracenorum Christianorum verò pauci perijsse inuenti sunt The same in English YEt notwithstanding after the said third day of Iuly the Sarazens persisted high minded and insolent by reason of their great multitude and much annoied the Christian people with their many forceable and terrible weapons whereupon on the sixt day of Iuly early in the morning king Baldwine issued out of Iaphet his trumpets and cornets yeelding a great and lowd sound and with a very strong armie as well of horsemen as footemen who on euery side making great shoutes and outcries with fierce and sharpe battell set on the maine power of their enemies The Christians also who arriued in the nauie rearing great clamours and noyses with loud voices and shoutings in horrible wise together with king Baldwine assaulted likewise with strong battell the Babylonians and afflicted them with most sore and deadly wounds vntill the Sarazens being wearied with fighting nor able longer to endure and hold out against the valure of the Christians fled towards Ascalon And other of them hoping to escape from them that pursued them lept into the sea and were swalowed vp in the waues thereof And so the citie of Ioppa with the inhabitants thereof were freed of their enemies There were slaine this day three thousand Sarazens and but a few of the Christians perished ¶ A Fleete of Englishmen Danes and Flemmings arriued at Ioppa in the Holy land the seuenth yeere of Baldwine the second king of Hierusalem Written in the beginning of the tenth booke of the Chronicle of Hierusalem in the 8. yeere of Henry the first of England Cap. 1. AT the same time also in the seuenth yeere of the raigne of Baldwine the Catholike king of Hierusalem a very great warrelike Fleete of the Catholike nation of England to the number of about seueÌ„ thousand hauing with them more men of warre of the kingdom of Denmarke of Flanders and of Antwerpe arriued with ships which they call Busses at the hauen of the citie of Iaphet determining there to make their abode vntill they hauing obtained the kings licence and safe conduct might safely worship at Hierusalem Of which nauie the chiefest and best spoken repairing to the king spake to him in this maner Christ preserue the Kings life and prosper his kingdome from day to day Wee being men and souldiours of Christian profession haue through the helpe of God sayled hither through mightie and large seas from the farre countreys of England Flanders and Denmarke to worship at Ierusalem and to visit the sepulchre of our Lord. And therefore we are assembled to intreat your clemency touching the matter that by your fauour and safe conduct we may peaceably goe vp to Ierusalem and worship there and so returne Chap. 2. THe king fauourably hearing their whole
pezos of gold neuer were there before that day souldiours so rich in so small a time and with so little danger And in this iourney for want of yron they did shooe their horses some with gold and some with siluer This is to bee seene in the generall historie of the West Indies where as the doings of Pizarro and the conquest of Peru is more at large setforth To this may I adde the great discoueries and conquests which the princes of Portugall haue made round about the West the South and the East parts of Africa and also at Calicut and in the East Indies and in America at Brasile and elsewhere in sundry Islands in fortifying peopling and planting all along the sayd coastes and Islands euer as they discouered which being rightly weyed and considered doth minister iust cause of incouragement to our Countreymen not to account it so hard and difficult a thing for the subiects of this noble realme of England to discouer people plant and possesse the like goodly lands and rich countreys not farre from vs but neere adioyning offring themselues vnto vs as is aforesayd which haue neuer yet heretofore bene in the actuall possession of any other Christian prince then the princes of this Realme All which as I thinke should not a little animate and encourage vs to looke out and aduenture abroad vnderstanding what large Countreys and Islands the Portugals with their small number haue within these few yeeres discouered peopled and plâ—nted some part whereof I haue thought it not amisse briefly in particular to name both the Townes Countreys Islands so neere as I could vpon the sudden call them to remembrance for the rest I doe referre the Reader to the histories where more at large the same is to be seene First they did winne and conquere from the princes of Barbary the Island of Geisera towne of Arzala not past an 140. mile distant from their Metropolitane chiefe city of Fessâ— and after that they wonne also from the said princes the townes of Tanger Ceuta Mazigam Azamor and Azaffi all alongst the Sea coasts And in the yeere of our Lord 1455. Alouis de Cadomosta a Gentleman Uenetian was hee that first discouered for their vse Cape Verd with the Islâ—nds adioyning of which he then peopled and planted those of Bonauista and Sant Iago discouering also the riuer Senega otherwise called Niger and Cape Roxo Sierra Leone and in a few yeeres after they did discouer the coast of Guinea and there peopled and built the castleof Mina then discouered they further to the countreys of Melegetres Benin and Congo with the Ilands of Principe da Nobon S. Matthewe and S. Thomas vnder the Equinoctiall line which they propled and built in the said Island of S. Thomas the hauen towne or port of Pauosan After that about the yeere of our Lord 1494. one Bartholomew Dias was sent foorth who was the first man that discouered and doubled that great and large Cape called de Bon Esperanze passing the currents that run vpon the said coast on the Southeast part of Africa between the said maine land the Island of S. Laurence otherwise called of the antients Madagascar he discouered to y e harbor named the Riuer of y e Infant After that since the yeere of our Lord God 1497. and before the ful accomplishment of the yeere of Christ 1510. through the trauailes and discoueries of Vasques de Gama Peter Aluares Thomas Lopes Andrew Corsalc Iohn de Empoli Peter Sintra Sancho de Toar and that noble and worthy gentleman Alonso de Albuquerque they did discouer people and plant at Ceffala being vpon the East side of Africa in the twenty degrees of latitude of the south Pole and direct West from the Iland of S. Laurence at which port of Ceffala diuers doe affirme that king Salomon did fetch his gold as also vpon the said East side of Africa they did afterward discouer people and plant at Mozambique Quiolâ— Monbaza and Melinde two degrees of Southerly latitude and so vp to the streight of Babel-Mandell at the entring of the red sea all vpon the East coast of Africa from whence they put off at the Cape of Guarda Fu and past the great gulfe of Arabia and the Indian Sea East to Sinus Persicus and the Island of Ormus and so passing the large and great riuer Indus where he hath his fall into the maine Ocean in 23. degrees and an halfe vnder the tropike of Cancer of Septentrional latitude they made their course againe directly towards the South and began to discouer people and plant vpon the West side of the hither India at Goa Mangalor Cananor Calecut and Cochin and the Island of Zeilam And here I thinke good to remember to you that after their planting vpon this coast their forces grew so great that they were able to compell all the Moores the subiectes of the mightie Emperour of the Turkes to pay tribute vnto them euer as they passed the gulfe of Arabia from the port of Mecca in Arabia Foelix where Mahomet lieth buried or any of the other portes of the sayd land euer as they passed to and from the hauens of Cochin Calecut and Cananor and by their martiall maner of discipline practised in those partes the great and mightie prince the Sophie Emperour of the Persians and professed enemie to the Turke came to the knowledge and vse of the Caliuer shot and to enterlace and ioyne footemen with his horsemen sithence which time the Persians haue growen to that strength and force that they haue giuen many mightie and great ouerthrowes to the Turke to the great quiet of all Christendome And from the Island of Zeilam aforesayd they also discouered more East in passing the gulfe of Bengala and so pâ—ssed the notable and famous riuer of Ganges where hee hath his fall into the maine Ocean vnder the tropike of Cancer and to the Cape of Malaca and vnto the great and large Islands of Sumatra Iaua maior Iaua minor Mindanao Palobane Celebes Gilolo Tidore Mathin Borneo Machian Terenate and all other the Islands of Molucques and Spiceries and so East alongst the coasts of Cathaia to the portes of China Zaiton and Quinsay and to the Island of Zipango and Iapan siâ—uate in the East in 37. degrees of Septemerionall latitude and in 195. of longitâ—de These are their noble and worthie discoueries Here also is not to bee forgotten that in the yere of our Lord 1501. that famous and worthy gentleman Americus Vespucius did discouer people and plant to their vse the holdes and forts which they haue in Brasill of whom he being but a priuate gentleman the whole countrey or firme land of the West Indies is commonly called and knowen by the name of America I doe greatly doubt least I seeme ouer tedious in the recitall of the particular discoueries and conquests of the East and West Indies wherein I was the more bold to vrge the patience
sea because they were destitute of shipping Captaine Drake departing from Coquimbo sayled to another porte not inhabited where he set vp a pinnesse And going from thence the next place where he touched was a porte vpon the coast of Peru called los Pescadores and there hee landed and in one of the fishermens houses found of a Spaniards three thousand pezos of siluer in little barres From hence he went to another port called Arica which being the next towne to Chili that the Spaniards haue in all Peru containeth an hundreth houses and this is the norte where they discharge their merchandize that passe from Lima to Potossi and to all other cities within the land and likewise at this place they were wont to embarke all the siluer which they caried for Panamá At this port of Arica he found a ship that had in her thirteene thousand pezos of siluer which hauing taken out he burned the sayd ship and after thought to haue landed but seeing both horsemen and footemen on shore hee would not but proceeded on his voyage Since captaine Drake was at this porte they carie their siluer by land to Lima and lade no more treasure here but onely discharge the merchants goode that come from Spaine hither Also they haue built a forte at this place for the better safety of the inhabitants and haue planted it with ten pieces of Ordinance and euery summer there lie in garison an hundred souldiers besides the townesmen From hence he sayled to another porte called Chuli in which port was a ship that had three hundred thousand pezos of siluer in barres but they had sent horsemen from Arica to giue aduertizement of Drakes being on the coast which newes came but two houres to the towne before his arriuall at the sayd porte whereupon the Master of the shippe hauing no leisure to carie his siluer on shore was forced to throwe it into the sea in sixe fadome water where his ship road and so to runne on shore in the shippes boate And captaine Drake comming aboord the ship was told by an Indian that the Master had throwen the siluer ouerboord Wherfore seeing that newes began to run of him from towne to town he stayed not here but ran along the coast and because he would haue no lets he cast off the ship which he had taken at Sant Iago with neuer a man in her which ship was neuer heard of after And so without staying any where he shaped his course for Lima and comming to the harborough of Lima called El Callao being two leagues distant from Lima it selfe for Lima standeth vp into the land hee arriued there one day before the newes of him was brought to Lima and found the men in the ships without suspicion And as hee entred into the port there came in also a ship from Panama laden with merchandize and hee sent his pinnesse to take her but the men forsaking the ship be tooke them to their boate and went on shore and as the Englishmen followed the boat a Spaniard that was therein shot a piece and slew one of captaine Drakes men in the pinnesse Wherefore hee followed the boat no farther but went with his pinnesse into the harbour among fourteene saile of ships that lay there in all which ships there was not a man that had so much as a sword or a piece to molest him wherefore hee did with lesse feare go from ship to ship asking them if there were any ships gone for Panamá for he knew wel that the ships which goe for Panamá carie both siluer gold neither sought he for any thing else for there were marchandize enough for him in those ships if hee had bene desirous to haue had the same So they told him that three dayes past there was a ship gone for Panamá which caried all the merchants siluer thither Whereupon he presently set saile towards Panamá for when hee came into this port it was about midnight so that the Spaniards could not see what ships he had At last the newes came to Lima vnto the Uiceroy of Peru that there were enemies in the harbor but they knew not what they were Wherefore the Uiceroy all the people were in great feare lest some Spaniards had made a mutinie and put themselues in armes and so the next morning himselfe accoÌ„panied with 2000 horsemen footmen came from â—â—e citie down to the waters side and finding some of the Englishmens arrowes that were shot at the boat out of which their man was slain they knew them to be Englishmen and then they were al in quiet seeing it was but one ship for as yet the ship lay becalmed 3 dayes before the towne Whereupon they forthwith prouided 2 ships with 200 men in them to boord captain Drake or els to burne his ship and after the ships went 2 small pinnesses because that if any of the ships should be sunke they might saue the men But it was a day a halfe before these things could be made ready in the end going forth they found y e English ship still becalmed the calme was such that the Spaniards could not come at them The same night the wind blowing afresh gale the Spaniards returned into the harbour and captaine Drake set forward to Panamá The cause of the Spaniards returne was for that they had no Ordinance nor victuals to tarry any longer out Then the Uiceroy caused sixe pieces of Ordinance to bee made neither could hee make any more in regard of the shortnesse of time so with these pieces of Ordinance and three shippes and two hundred and fifty men in them hee sent after captaine Drake who after hee had winde stayed no where nor tooke any ships at all notwithstanding hee met with many comming from Panamá laden with merchandize but still hee inquired after the shippe that was gone to Panamá before him of which ship he had sight about the cape of Sant Francisco the Master wherof was a Biskaine called Iuan de Anton who seeing this ship of the Englishmens thought that the Uiceroy of Peru had sent him some message and therefore strooke all his sailes but so soone as hee might discerne the shippe somewhat better hee would then faine haue gone his way for hee knew that it was none of that coast and then hee began to hoise his sailes but could by no meanes get from Captaine Drake because hee was within the reach of his great Ordinance for the Spaniards not hauing so much as a rapier to defend themselues were soone constrained to yeelde There were in this shippe aboue eight hundred and fifty thousand pezos of siluer and forty thousand pezos of gold all which siluer and golde was customed but what store of treasure they had besides vncustomed I knowe not for many times they cary almost as much more as they pay custome for otherwise the king would take it from them if they should be knowen to
stout readinesse of the Souldiours our wine and flesh as well powdered as vnpowdered was spent nor there was any Cheese to be gotten but vpon an vnreasonable price our company hauing eaten vp their Horses Asses and Cats for lacke of other victualls there was nothing left to be eaten but a small quantitie of Bread and Beanes and we dranke water and Uineger together whereof was not much left When that we perceiued that our enemies had digged and cast vp three mines in the Commander of the gate they labouring in all places more diligently then euer they did before bringing into the ditch ouer against the battery of the Cortaine a hill of earth as high as the wall and already they came to the wall aboue the Counterscharfe ouer against the Turrion of the Arsenall and had made one Commander complete fenced with shares like vnto plough shares in proportion and height correspondent to ours Within the Citie were remaining but fiue hundreth Italian Souldiours who were not hurt yet very faint and weary by their long watching and paines in fighting in those feruent and burning heates which are in those parts And the greater and better part also of the Grecians were by this time slaine whenas the chiefe of those Citizens remaining did fully resolue themselues the which was about the twentieth day of Iuly to present a supplication in writing to that noble gentleman Bragadino Proueditore desiring and beseeching him that seeing their Citie and Fortresse was thus battered and brought to extremitie without â—ufficient ayde to defend the same without substance or sustenance hauing no hope of succour or any newe supply they hauing spent and consumed not onely their goods but also their liues for the defence of them and in testifying of their dutifull seruice towardes the noble and royall state of the Segniorie of Venice that it might nowe please him and the rest of the honourable Gouernours that were present and put in trust hauing a carefull eye vnto some honourable conditions to haue now at the last a respect to the credit and honour of their long trauelled wiues and the safegard of their poore children which otherwise were shortly very like to be a pray to their bloudthirsting and rauening enemies To the which letter or supplication speedy answere was made by the forenamed honourable Bragadino comforting them that they should by no meanes abate their courage and that shortly he looked for succour from the Segniorie diminishing as much as hee might the feare which they had conceiued in their hearts dispatching and sending away suddenly from Cyprus into Candia a Pinnesse to certifie the duke and gouernours there in what extremitie they were The Turkes by this time had ended their mines and set them on fire the 29. of Iuly in the which space our men according as they were woont to doe renued and made vp againe the vaimures ruined before by the Ordinance and hauing no other stuffe left to aduaunce them with made sackes of Kersie vnto the which the noble Tiepolo diligently looked The three mines of the Commander did great damage to vs hauing throwen downe the greater part of the earth whereas the gouernour Randacchi was slaine The mine of the Arsenall ouerthrew all the rest of the Turrion hauing smoldered and choked one whole garrison of our souldiers the two flanckers onely still remaining The fift Assault THe enemies trauelled much to become masters of those foresayd flankers and to sally foorth by the other batteries and this assault lasted from three of the clocke in the after noone vntil night where and at what time were slaine very many of our enemies In this assault Sig. Giacomo Strambali amongst the rest shewed much worthinesse as hee had done before in other conflictes The sixt and last assault THe next morning following at the breake of the day they assailed all places the which assault continued more then sixe houres with very little hurt on our side because our enemies fought more coldly then they were wont to doe annoying of vs continually on the Sea side with their Gallies shooting in all their assaults and batteries continually Cannon shot in all parts of the Citie as neere as they might After we had defended and repulsed this assault and perceiued things brought to a narrower straite then they were wont to be at wee hauing left in all the whole Citie but seuen barrels of pouder the gouernours of the Citie fully determined to yeelde vp themselues and the Citie with honourable conditions Wherefore the first of August in the after noone they tooke a truce one being come for that purpose from Mustafa the Generall with whom they concluded the next morning following to giue two hostages a piece vntill such time as both armies were agreed For our hostages by the appointment of the right honourable Bragadino were sent foorth the earle Hercole Martinengo and Signior Matteo Colsi a Citizen of Famagusta and from our enemies came into the Citie the Lieutenant of Mustafa and the Aga of the Giannizzers the which were met euen vnto the gate of the Citie of Signiour Baglione with two hundreth harquebusers ours also were met in like maner with great pompe with horsemen and harquebusers with the sonne also of Mustafa in person who made very much of them The Lord Baglione imparld with these hostages which were then come for that purpose of the articles of peace requiring by them of their Generall their liâ—es armour and goods fiâ—e peeces of Ordinance three of the best horses and safe passage from thence vnto Candia accompanied with their Gallies and last of all that the Grecians inhabiting the Island might dwell there still quietly and enioy peaceably their owne goods and possessions liuing still Christians hereafter as they had done before All the which requests and articles were agreed vpon granted and subscribed vnto by the hand of Mustafa Foorthwith were sent Gallies and other vessels into the hauen so that our souldiers immediatly began to imbarke themselues of the which the greater part were already gone aboorde the Nobilitie and our chiefe Captaines also being likewise very desirous to depart The 15. of August in the morning the worthy Bragadino sent me with a letter vnto Mustafa by the which hee signified that the same night hee would come vnto him to deliuer vp the keyes of the Citie and that he would leaue in the holde the honourable gentleman Tiepolo praying him therefore that whilest hee should haue iust cause thus to bee abroad that there might be no harme done at home and in the Citie The Turkes from our truce taking vntill that time practised with vs all familiarly and without any suspition of sinister or double dealing they hauing shewed vs much courtesie both in word and deede Mustafa himselfe by worde of mouth presently answered me to this letter in this sort that I should returne and make relation to this noble man Bragadino who had sent mee that he
and they strooke frier Luys with an arrow on the gowne which by the grace of God did him no harme In the meane space I arriued with all thâ— rest of the horsemen and footemen and found in the fieldes a great sort of the Indians which beganne to shoote at vs with their arrowes and because I would obey your will and the commaund of the Marques I woulde not let my people charge them forbidding my company which intreated mee that they might sâ—t vpon them in any wise to prouoke them saying that that which the enemies did was nothing and that it was not meete to set vpon so fewe people On the other side the Indians perceiuing that wee stirred not tooke great stomacke and courage vnto them insomuch that they came hard to our horses heeles to shoote at vs with their arrowes Whereupon sâ—eing that it was now time to stay no longer and that the Friers also were of the same opinion I set vpon them without any danger for suddenly they fled part to the citie which was neere and well fortified and other into thâ— field which way they could shift and some of the Indians were slaine and more had beene if I would haue suffered them to haue bene pursued But considering that herâ—of wee might reape but small profite because the Indians that were without were fewe and those which were retired into the citie with them which stayed within at the first were many where the victuals were whereof wee had so great neede I assembled my people and deuided them as I thought best to assault the citie and I compassed it about and because the famine which wee sustained suffered no delay my selfe with certaine of these gentlemen and souldiers put our selues on foote and commaunded that the crossebowes and harquebusiers shoulde giue the assault and shoulde beatâ— the â—nemies from the walles that they might not hurt vs and I assaulted the walles on one side where they tolde me there was a sealing laddâ—r set vp and that there was one gate but the crossebowmen suddenly brake the strings of their bowes and the harquebusiâ—rs did nothing at all for they came thither so weake and feeble that scarcely they coulde stand on their feete and by this meanes the people that wâ—re aloft on the wals to defend the towne were no way hindered from doing vs all the mischiefe they could so that twise they stroke meâ— to the ground with infinite number of great stones which they cast downe and if I had not beene defended with an excellent good hearpiece which I ware I thinke it had gone hardly with mee neuerthelesse my companie tooke mee vp with two small wounds in the face and an arrowe sticking in my foote and many blowes with stones on my armes and legges and thus I went out of the battell very weake I thinke that if Don Garcias Lopez de Cardâ—nas the second time that they strooke mee to the ground had not succoured mee with striding ouâ—r mee like a good knight I had beene in farre greater dangâ—r thâ—n I was But it pleased God that the Indians yeelded thâ—mseâ—ues vnto vs and that this citie was taken and such store of Maiz was found therein as our necessitie requiâ—ed The Master of the fieldâ— and Don Pedro de Touar and Fernando de Aluarado and Pual de Melgosa Captaines of the footemen escaped with ceâ—taine knocks with stones though none of them were wounded with arrowes yet Agomez Quarez was wounded in onâ— arme with the shot of an arrowe and one Torres a townesman of Panuco was shot into the face with another and two footâ—men more had â—wo small woundes with arrowes And because my armour was gilded and glittering they all layd load on mee and therefore I was more wounded thâ—n thâ— rest not that I did more then they or put my selfe forwarder then the â—est for all theâ—â— Gentlemen and souldiers carried thâ—msâ—lues as manfully as was looked for at their hands I am nowe well recouered I thanke God although somewhat bruised with stones Likewise in the skirmish which wee had in the fieldes two of three other souldiers were hurt and three horâ—â—s slaine one of Don Lopez the other of Viliega and the third of Don Alonso Manrique and sâ—uâ—n or eight other horses were wounded but both with the men and horses are whole and sound Chap. 3. Of the situation and state of the seuen cities called the Kingdome of Cibola and of thâ— customes and qualities of those people and of the beasts which are found there IT remaineth now to câ—rtifiâ— your Honour of the sâ—uâ—n cities and of the kingdomes and prouinces whereof the Father prouinciall made report vnto your Lordship And to bee briefe I can assure your honour he sayd the trueth in â—othing that he reported but all was quite contrary sauing onely the names of the cities and great houses of stone for although they bee not wrought with Turqueses nor with lyme nor brickes yet are they very excellent good houses of three or foure or fiue lofts high wherein are good lodgings and fairâ— chambers with lathers in stâ—ad of staires and certaine cellers vnder the ground very good and paued which are made for winter they are in manâ—r like stooues and the lathers which they haue for their houses are â—ll in a maner mooueable and porâ—able which are taken away and set downe whâ—n thâ—y please and they are made of two piâ—câ—s of wood with their steppes as ours be The seuen cities are seuen small townes all made with these kinde of houses that I speake of and they stand all within foure leaguâ—s together and they are all called thâ— kingdome of Cibola and euâ—â—y one of them haue theiâ— particular name and none of them is callâ—d Cibola but altogether â—hâ—y arâ— called Cibola And this towne which I call a citie I haue named Granada as well because it is somâ—what likâ— vnto it as also in remembrance of your lordship In this towne whâ—re I nowe râ—maine there may bee some two hundred houses all compassed with walles and I thinke that with the râ—st of the houses which are not so walled they may be together fiue hundred There is another tâ—wne nâ—â—re this which is one of the sâ—uâ—n it is somwhat bigger thâ—n this and another of the same bignesse that this is of and the other foure are somâ—what lâ—sse and I send thâ—m all painted vnto your lordship with the voyage And the parchmâ—nt wherein the picture is was sound heâ—e with other parchments The people of this towne seemâ— vnto mâ— of a reasonable stature and writtiâ— yet they seeme not to bee such as they should bâ—e of that iudgement and wit to builde these houses in such sort as they are For the most part they goe all naked except their priuiâ— partes which are couered and they haue painted mantles like those which I send vnto your lordship They haue no cotton wooll growing because the countrey is
vpon the saide Order receiuing maintenance and exhibition from the saide Order during the terme of his life It fortuned also vnder the gouernment of the foresayde Master Boppo that one Syr Martine a Golin beeing accompanied with another knight went into the countrey to see howe the Prussians were imployed And meeting with three Prussians they slew two and the thirde they reserued to guide them the directest way But this guide betrayed them into their enemies handes Which when they perceiued they slewe the Traytour Then fiue Prussian horsemen came riding and tooke them deliuering them bounde to the custodie of two And the other three pursued the horses of the two which broke loose in the time of tâ—e frâ—ye And they tarying somewhat long the other two woulde haue beheaded the two Knightes in the meane season And as one of them was striking with his drawen sworde at the necke of Sir Martine hee saide vnto them Sirs you doe vnwisely in that you take not off my garment before it bee defiled with blood They therefore loosing the cordes wherewith hee was bounde to take off his garment set his armes more at libertie Which Syr Martine well perceiuing reached his keeper such a boxe that his sworde fell to the grounde Which hee with all speede taking vp slewe both the keepers and vnbâ—unde his fellowe Knight Moreouer seeing the other three Prussians comming furiously vpon them with staute couragious hearts they made towarde the saide Prussians and slew thâ—m and so escaped the danger of death The seuenth great Master was Hanno de Sangeâ—shusen who deceased in the yeere one thousand two hundreth seuentie fiue The eight was Hartmanous ab Heldringen who deceased in the yeere 1282. The ninth was Burckardus a Schuuenden beeing afterwarde made knight of the order of Saint Iohns The tenth was Conradus a Feuchtuuang vnder this man the Citie of Acon in Palestina was sacked by the Soldan and manie people were slayne The Tâ—mplars which were therein returned home out of Fraunce where they had great reuenewes The Knightes of Saint Iohn who also had an Hospitall at Acon changed their place and went into the Isle of Cyprus and fromâ—thence departing vnto Rhodes they subdued that Islande vnto themselues Nowe the Dutch Knights abounded with wealth and possessions throughout all Germanie beeing Lordes of a good part of Prussia Liuonia and Curland whose chiefe house was then at Marpurg till such time as it was remooued vnto Marieburg a Towne of Prussia The eleuenth great Master was Godfrey Earle of Hohenloc Under this man the knights sustained a great ouerthrowe in Liuonia but hauing strengthned their armie they slewe neere vnto Rye foure thousande of their enemies The twelfth Master was Sifridus a Feuchtuuang Under this man the principall house of the Order was translated from Martpurg to Marieburg which in the beginning was established at Acon and from thence was remooued vnto Venice and from Venice vnto Martpurg This Sifridus deceased in the yeere 1341. The thirteenth Master was called Charles Beffart of Triers This man built a fort vpon the riuer of Mimmel and it was named Christmimmel The foureteenth was Warnerus ab Orsele whome a certaine knight of the Order slewe with his sworde The 15. was Ludolphus Duke of Brunswick who built the Towne of Ylgenburg and deceased 1352. The sixteenth was Theodoricus Earle of Aldenborg and hee built the Towne of Bartenstein The seuenteenth was Ludolphus sirnamed King The eighteenth was Henrie a Tusimer The nineteenth Winricus a Knoppenrodt In this mans time the knights took the king of the Lithuanians named Kinstut captiue and kept him prisoner in Marieburg halfe a yeere but by the helpe of a seruaunt hauing broken out of the Castle hee escaped away by night But fearing that hee was layde waite for in all places hee left his horse and went on foote through vnknowen pathes In the day time hee hidde himselfe in secrete places and in the night hee continued his iourney vntill hee came vnto Massouia But all the Knightes ioye was turned into sorrowe after they had lost so great an enemie The twentieth grand Master was Conradus Zolner of Rotenstein The one and twentieth Conradus Walenrod The two and twentieth Conradus a Iungingen who deceased in the yeere one thousand foure hundreth and seuen The three and twentieth Vlricus a Iungingen This man dyed in battell in the yeere one thousand foure hundreth and tenne which battell was fought against Vladislaus Father of Casimire Both partes had leuied mightie and huge forces vnto the Polonians the Lithuanians and the Tartars had ioyned themselues ouer whome one Vitoldus was captaine the Dutch Knights had taken vp Souldiers out of all Germanie And when eache armie had encamped themselues one within twentie furlongs of another hoping for victorie and impatient of delay the great Master of the Prussians sent an Herault to denounce warre vnto the King and immediately alarme beeing giuen it is reported that there were in both armies fourtie thousand horsemen in a readinesse Vladislaus commaunded the Lithuanians and the Tartars to giue the first onsette and placed the Polonians in the rerewarde of the battell on the contrarie side the Prussians regarded least of all to reserue any strong troupes behinde which might rescue such as were wearie and renewe the fight if neede shoulde require but set forwarde the flower and chiualrie of all his Souldiers in the verie forefront of the battell The charge beeing giuen certaine vnarmed Tartars Lithuanians were slaine handsmooth howbeit the multitude pressed on neither durst the fearefull Polonians turne their backes and so a cruell battell was fought vpon the heapes of dead carkases The combate continued a long time terrible slaughters were committed and the Lithuanians and Tartars were slaine like sheepe But when newe and fresh enemies continually issued foorth the Dutch knights being wearied began to fight more faintly Which Vladislaus no sooner perceiued but in all haste hee sends forwarde his mightie and well armed hande of Polonians who suddenly breaking in renewed the skirmish The Dutch were not able to withstand the furie of the fresh troupes great oddes there is betweene the wearied Souldier and him that comes in a fresh insomuch that the knights with their people were constrained to flee The master of the Order seeing his souldiers giue way vnto the enemie gathered a companie together and withstoode him in the face howbeit himselfe was slaine for his labour the flight of his people proued greater and more dishonourable neither did the Dutch cease to flee so long as the Polonian continued the chase There fell on the Knights partie manie thousands of men and the Polonians gotte not the victorie without great spoile and damage This battell was foughten in regard of the bounds of regions in the yeere 1410. All Prussia following the happie successe of the Polonian king except Marieburg onely yeelded themselues vnto him being Conquerour Howbeit the Emperour Sigismund taking vp the quarell peace was ordained between
drummes maketh a confused and horrible noyse So they set on first discharging their arrowes then dealing with their swordes which they vse in a brauerie to shake and brandish ouer their heads before they come to strokes Their footmen because otherwise they want order in leading are commonly placed in some ambush or place of aduantage where they may most annoy the enemie with least hurt to themselues If it be a set battell or if any great inuasion be made vpon the Russe borders by the Tartar they are set within y e running or mouing Castle called Beza or Gulaygorod which is caried about with them by the Voiauoda gulauoy or the walking General whom I spake of beforâ— This walking or moouing Castle is so framed that it may be set vp in length as occasion doeth require the space of one two three foure fiue sixe or seuen miles for so long it will reach It is nothing els but a double wall of wood to defend them on both sides behinde and before with a space of three yards or thereabouts betwixt the two sides so that they may stand within it and haue roome enough to charge and discharge their pieces and to vse their other weapons It is closed at both ends and made with loope holes on either side to lay out the nose of their piece or to push foorth any other weapon It is caried with the armie wheresoeuer it goeth being taken into pieces and so layde on cartes sparred together and drawen by horse that are not seene by reason that they are couered with their cariage as with a shelfe or penthouse When it is brought to the place where it is to be vsed which is deuised and chosen out before by the walking Voiauod it is planted so much as the present vse requireth sometime a mile long sometimes two sometimes three or more Which is soone done without the helpe of any Carpenter or instrument because the timber is so framed to claspe together one piece with in another as is easily vnderstoode by those that know the maner of the Russe building In this Castle standeth their shot wel fenced for aduantage specially against the Tartar that bringeth no ordinance nor other weapon into the field with him saue his sword and bow and arrowes They haue also within it diuers field pieces which they vse as occasion doth require Of pieces for the field they carie no great store when they warre against the Tartar but when they deale with the Polonian of whose forces they make more account they go better furnished with all kind of munition and other necessarie prouisions It is thought that no Prince of Christendome hath better store of munition then the Russe Emperour And it may partly appeare by the Artillery house at Mosco where are of all sortes of great Ordinance all brasse pieces very faire to an exceeding great number The Russe souldier is thought to be better at his defence within some castle or towne then he is abroad at a set pitched field Which is euer noted in the practise of his warres and namely at â—ho siege of Vobsco about eight yeres since where he repulsed the Polonian king Stepan Batoro with his whole armie of 100000 men and forced him in the end to giue ouer his siege with the losse of many of his best Captaines and souldiers But in a set field the Russe is noted to haue euer the worse of the Polonian and Sweden If any behaue himselfe more valiantly then the rest or do any special piece of seruice the Emperor sendeth him a piece of golde stamped with the Image of Saint George on horsebacke Which they hang on their sleeues set in their caps And this is accounted the greatest honour they can receiue for any seruice they doe Of their Colonies and maintaining of their conquests or purchases by force THe Russe Emperors of late yeres haue very much enlarged their dominions territories Their first conquest after the Dukedome of Mosco for before that time they were but Dukes of Volodomer as before was said was the citie Dukedome of Nouogrod on y e West and Northwest side which was no smal enlargement of their dominion strengthening to them for the winning of the rest This was done by Iuan great grandfather to Theodor now Emperor about the yere 1480. The same began likewise to encroach vpon the countries of Lituania and Liuonia but the conquest only intended attempted by him vpon some part of those countries was pursued performed by his sonne Basileus who first wan the citie dukedom of Plesko afterwards the citie dukedome of Smolensco many other faire towns with a large territory belonging vnto them about the yere 1514. These victories against the Lettoes or Lituanians in the time of Alexander their duke he atchieued rather by aduantage of ciuil dissentions treasons among theÌ„selues then by any great policie or force 〈◊〉 his own But al this was lost againe by his son Iuan Vasillwich about 8 or 9 yeres past vpon coÌ„position with y e Polonian king Stephan Batore wherunto he was forced by the aduantages which the Pole had then of him by reason of the foile he had giuen him before and the disquietnes of his own state at home Onely the Russe Emperor at this time hath left him on that side his countery the cities of Smolensco Vobsco Chernigo Bealagorod in Lituania In Liuonia not a towne nor one foot of ground When Basilius first conquered those countries he suffered then the natiues to keepe their possessions and to inhabite all their townes onely paying him a tribute vnder the gouernement of his Russe Captaines But by their conspiracies attempts not long after he was taught to deale more surely with them And so comming vpon them the second time he killed and caried away with him three parts of foure which he gaue or sold to the Tartars that serued him in those wars and in stead of them placed there his Russes so many as might ouermatch the rest with certaine garisons of strength besides Wherein notwithstanding this ouersight was committed for that taking away with him the vpland or countrey people that should haue tilled the ground might easily haue bene kept in order without any danger by other good policies he was driuen afterwards many yeres together to vitaile the countrey specially the great townes out of his owne countrey of Russia the soile lying there in the meane while wast and vntilled The like fell out at the port of Narue in Liefland where his sonne Iuan Vasiliwich deuised to build a towne and a castle on the other side the riuer called Iuangorod to keepe the towne and countrey in subiection The castle he caused to be so built and forcified that it was thought to be inuincible And when it was furnished for reward to the Architect that was a Polonian he put out both his eyes to make him vnable to build the
the richest and most plentifull in all the world For here are great store of golde mynes siluer mynes and pearle great store of coâ—tâ—n cloth for the countrey people weareth nothing else but fine cotten cloth which is more accepted then silkes For here is great store of silkes they are good châ—ape Al kinde of victuals as bread slesh wines and hennes and all kindes of foules are very plentifull Here are great store of freâ—h riuers The pâ—ople are very louing Here are very faire cities and townes with cosâ—ly buildings better then those in Spaine And the countrey pâ—ople go very richly apparelled both in sâ—â—kes and gold But here wâ— haue order from the king of Spaine that a Spaniaâ—d may not dwell in China aboue 3 yeres and afterwaâ—ds they must returne again into Nueua Espanna and other souldiers must come in their places The countrey is very vnwholesome for vs Spaniardes For within these 20 yeres of 14000 which haue gone to the Philippinas there are 13000 of them dead and not past 1000 of them left aliue There is a place in China which is an harbour called Macaran which the king hath giuen to the Spaniards freely which shall be the placâ— where the ships shall come and trafficke For in this harbour there is a great riuer which goeth vp into the maine land vnto diuers townes and cities which are neere to this riuer And thus â—râ—nbling you no farther I rest From Mexico the 20 of Iune 1590. Your obedient sonne SEBASTIAN BISCAINO A Letter of Bartholomew Cano to Peter de Tapia in Siuill from Mexico the 30 of May 1590 touching the state of Nueua Espanna and the Fleet of that yeere BEcause I haue answered your letters which I haue receiued in the last Fleet as touching that matter I haue no more to say The occasâ—on of my writing vnto you at this time is to giue you to vnderstand that those commodiâ—ies which came in the last Fleet were sold at the fiâ—st good cheape and those that bought them got much by them For now at this instant â—hite Roan cloth is solde for 8 or 9 reals a vare The cause of this was by reason â—here came a carauel of Aduise from Hauana which brought vs nâ—wes how the armie that his maiâ—stie did sâ—nd for England was all spoiled and cast away and therefore thâ—y of Spaine did write that thâ—râ— would come no Fleet from Spaine hither this yeâ—re And this is the cause that all linnen cloth is very deâ—re in these parts Wines also are very deere for they are sold â—or 90 â—nd 100 deminas a pipe When the Frigats departed from hence in August last 1589. Cochinilla was sold at that instant for 50 pesâ—s the quintall and now it is sold for 55 pesoâ—s And since that nâ—wes came from Spaine in a carauâ—l of S. Lucar that it was solde there for 72 ducates the quintall there are laden in this Fleet 14000 Arouas of Cochinilla and 7000 Arouas more were laden in the Frigats which departed before the Fleet. There is laden in the Fleet great quantitie of treasure more then hath bene sent to Spaine these many yeres both for the Kings and the Uice-royes account And the marchants and gentlemen of all these prouinces doe send great quantitie to supply the Kings wants for that his maiestie hath written to the Uice-roy and to the gentlemen of these countreyes to ayde him with much money towardes the maintenance of his warres against France and other places therefore they haue sent good store God send it well to Spaine There are likâ—wise laden aboord the Fleet to the number of 100000â— hides and great store of other kindes of this countrey commodities So that the the Fleet goeth very richly laden Quicke siluer is here very deere for here is almost none to bee had for any money to worke in the gold mynes for without Quicke siluer wee cannot refine our gold And no man vpon paine of death may bring any from Spaine hither but all must come for the Kings account and so the King doeth sell it here there is exceeding great gaine thâ—rein And thus I rest From Mexico the 30 of May 1590. BARTHOLOMEVV CANO A letter of Frier Alonso new elected Bishop of Mechuacan to the king of Spaine written in Peru in the citie de los Reyes the first of March 1590 touching the state of Arica a chiefe Hauen in Peru. VPon Christmas euen the yere 1589 I receiued your maiesties commission in Potossi For which I am and shall be continually bound to pray for your maiesties long health for the great benefits which your maiestie hath bestowed vpon me in â—ending me to Mechuacan whereby my great trauell and paines may be recompenced which I haue taken with that vngrateful and despâ—rate people of the riuer of Plate which they haue â—ene the occasion of in dealing so badly with me their Pastour which haue counselled thâ—m that they should haue a great care to serue God and be dutifull to your maiestie according as euery good and true subiect ought to do Now for this gift which your maiestie hath bestowed on me I most humbly kisse your maiesties handes a thousand times Thus presently I departed from Potossi somewhat sickely to accomplish that which your maiâ—stie hath commanded me So I arriued at Lima in safetie the first of February by the way of Arica which is an hauen towne where they imbarke all the barres of siluer And there I haue seenâ— whaâ— is done what they haue prouided against the Englishmâ—n in that hauen which is That there is a litle fort made hard by the waters side with certaine small pieces of ordinance in the said fort to offend the enemie if occasion should serue that they should offer to come into the harbour and offer any violence But the principall thing of all that we want is to haue souldiâ—rs foote men and horsemen For according as I am informed here want 100 men which should keepe the coast if they should offer to land and march vp into the countrey And likewise the people of this countrey haue told me that if vpon an high mount which is hâ—re in the harbour neere to the hauâ—ns mouth on the Southside of the harbour where the sea doth beat ther were two or three great Canons planted on the top of the hill where very good watch is continually kept from that place they may reach to doe the enemie great hurt a league into the sea The new Uice-roy Don Garcia Vrtado de Mendoça worthy of that dignitie is in great fauour with al those of these realmes for that he is a great solliciter both by sea and land in all kinde of diligence not loosing one houre in your seruice and that which he hath in charge With as much speed as may be I will depart from hence to Mechuacan to serue that church and your maiesty and there I will remaine according to your maiesties commandement