the_o former_a cheerful_o and_o the_o latter_a unwilling_o the_o latin_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o roman_n think_v it_o convenient_a to_o create_v a_o dictator_n 257._o and_o according_o virginius_n the_o senior_a consul_n nominate_v posthumius_fw-la his_o colleague_n who_o choose_v ebutius_n helva_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o hasten_v his_o levy_n divide_v his_o troop_n into_o four_o part_n reserve_v one_o to_o himself_o assign_v the_o second_o to_o virginius_n the_o three_o to_o ebutius_n and_o the_o four_o to_o sempronius_n who_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o city_n upon_o intelligence_n that_o the_o latin_n have_v take_v the_o field_n posthumius_fw-la advance_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o the_o lake_n regillus_n 14_o mile_n east_n of_o rome_n by_o tusculum_n where_o he_o fortify_v himself_o against_o the_o enemy_n who_o as_o yet_o be_v not_o all_o unite_a but_o expect_v aid_n from_o the_o volsci_n the_o roman_n divide_v themselves_o into_o three_o part_n and_o be_v so_o convenient_o post_v as_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o provision_n from_o the_o latin_a camp_n design_v to_o starve_v they_o but_o the_o news_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o volsci_n alter_v their_o measure_n make_v they_o resolve_v to_o engage_v the_o roman_a army_n consist_v of_o 24000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n and_o the_o enemy_n of_o 40000_o foot_n and_o 3000_o horse_n tarquin_n son_n titus_n command_v the_o main_a body_n his_o brother_n sextus_n the_o left_a wing_n and_o mamilius_n the_o right_a posthumius_fw-la stand_v against_o titus_n ebutius_n against_o sextus_n and_o virginius_n against_o mamilius_n and_o so_o begin_v a_o bloody_a battle_n florus_n say_v that_o posthumius_fw-la cast_v one_o of_o the_o ensign_n among_o the_o enemy_n that_o his_o man_n may_v be_v the_o more_o eager_a to_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o recover_v it_o and_o that_o ebutius_n command_v the_o bridle_n to_o be_v take_v off_o the_o horse_n that_o they_o may_v charge_v with_o the_o great_a violence_n and_o fury_n the_o victory_n at_o last_o fall_v on_o the_o roman_n side_n and_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v with_o so_o much_o bravery_n and_o courage_n that_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o god_n themselves_o be_v present_a particular_o castor_n and_o pollux_n mount_v on_o milk_n white_a steed_n the_o latin_n lose_v mamilius_n and_o sextus_n and_o be_v so_o break_v that_o scarce_o a_o four_o part_n of_o they_o escape_v and_o from_o the_o place_n of_o this_o victory_n posthumius_fw-la obtain_v the_o surname_n of_o rhegillensis_fw-la many_o other_o likewise_o gain_v great_a honour_n particular_o caius_z marcius_n afterward_o call_v coriolanus_n after_o the_o battle_n be_v over_o the_o volsci_n arrive_v at_o the_o camp_n whereof_o one_o party_n be_v for_o attacking_z the_o roman_n now_o weary_a but_o another_o party_n willing_a to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o with_o the_o conqueror_n prevail_v to_o send_v to_o the_o dictator_n to_o let_v he_o understand_v that_o they_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n but_o posthumius_fw-la convince_v they_o of_o their_o falsehood_n by_o their_o own_o letter_n which_o he_o have_v intercept_v and_o give_v leave_n to_o the_o messenger_n to_o return_v who_o the_o multitude_n will_v have_v pull_v in_o piece_n resolve_v to_o fall_v on_o they_o the_o next_o day_n but_o in_o the_o night_n they_o abandon_v their_o camp_n and_o flee_v the_o latin_n now_o in_o a_o very_a bad_a condition_n send_v in_o the_o humble_a manner_n imaginable_a to_o beg_v peace_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o ambassador_n with_o so_o many_o tear_n and_o submissive_a entreaty_n lay_v all_o the_o blame_v on_o the_o nobility_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o largius_n prevail_v in_o their_o behalf_n for_o the_o former_a league_n to_o be_v renew_v thus_o end_v all_o the_o war_n make_v upon_o the_o tarquin_n account_n which_o have_v be_v carry_v on_o for_o 13_o year_n as_o for_o tarquin_n himself_o the_o only_a person_n leave_v of_o all_o his_o family_n now_o abandon_v by_o the_o latin_n etrurians_n sabine_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o neighbour_a people_n who_o all_o refuse_v to_o harbour_v he_o he_o go_v into_o campania_n to_o aristodemus_n prince_n of_o cuma_n where_o he_o short_o after_o die_v be_v about_o 90_o year_n of_o age_n and_o the_o last_o king_n that_o rome_n ever_o see_v ii_o upon_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o war_n 258._o posthumius_fw-la lay_v down_o his_o office_n and_o appius_n claudius_n the_o sabine_a and_o servilius_n priscus_n be_v make_v consul_n for_o the_o year_n follow_v and_o now_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v again_o open_v and_o process_n against_o debtor_n revive_v this_o cause_v great_a disturbance_n among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o plebeians_z allege_v their_o inability_n of_o pay_v their_o debt_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o loss_n by_o the_o enemy_n incursion_n and_o their_o want_n of_o tillage_n which_o plea_n their_o creditor_n likewise_o make_v use_n of_o show_v that_o these_o loss_n be_v such_o as_o make_v the_o remit_v of_o their_o debt_n impossible_a which_o occasion_v many_o tumult_n and_o quarrel_n the_o consul_n endeavour_v to_o divert_v these_o threaten_a mischief_n by_o make_v war_n against_o the_o volsci_n who_o have_v late_o assist_v the_o latin_n but_o none_o of_o the_o plebeian_n will_v list_n themselves_o make_v grievous_a complaint_n against_o the_o intolerable_a severity_n of_o their_o creditor_n and_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v venture_v their_o life_n to_o preserve_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o state_n abroad_o and_o in_o requital_n be_v make_v slave_n by_o their_o countryman_n at_o home_n now_o servilius_n be_v willing_a to_o comply_v in_o some_o measure_n with_o the_o poor_a but_o appius_n very_o hot_o oppose_v it_o as_o the_o most_o dangerous_a remedy_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o disagreement_n of_o the_o consul_n add_v much_o to_o the_o common_a calamity_n however_o the_o senate_n at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o popularity_n of_o servilius_n who_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o promise_n persuade_v the_o people_n into_o the_o field_n where_o when_o he_o have_v by_o his_o good_a service_n deserve_v a_o triumph_n the_o honour_n be_v deny_v he_o by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o his_o colleague_n appius_n who_o represent_v to_o the_o senate_n that_o by_o bear_v and_o comply_v with_o the_o multitude_n he_o have_v impair_v the_o dignity_n of_o his_o order_n the_o people_n now_o expect_v the_o performance_n of_o servilius_n promise_n be_v whole_o disappoint_v by_o appius_n contrivance_n which_o double_v their_o rage_n and_o make_v they_o carry_v all_o thing_n by_o open_a force_n rescue_v their_o companion_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sergeant_n hold_v secret_a cabal_n deny_v ever_o to_o touch_v a_o weapon_n till_o their_o burden_n be_v remove_v these_o dangerous_a stir_v put_v the_o senate_n to_o a_o great_a stand_n appius_n still_o urge_v that_o nothing_o aught_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o rabble_n and_o the_o better_a to_o quell_v the_o disturbance_n procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v 259._o which_o most_o suppose_v will_v be_v himself_o but_o the_o present_a consul_n make_v choice_n of_o m._n valerius_n a_o popular_a man_n suppose_v that_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o office_n alone_o will_v perform_v the_o work_n and_o that_o a_o person_n of_o a_o mild_a and_o moderate_a temper_n will_v best_o manage_v it_o valerius_n choose_v servilius_n the_o late_a consul_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o he_o mind_v the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n more_o than_o his_o own_o authority_n tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o will_v free_o follow_v he_o not_o only_o what_o they_o just_o require_v concern_v their_o debt_n but_o other_o reward_n shall_v be_v grant_v they_o by_o which_o mean_n he_o procure_v ten_o legion_n to_o be_v list_v with_o these_o he_o march_v against_o the_o volsci_n aequi_n and_o sabine_n who_o be_v all_o up_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o he_o divide_v some_o land_n he_o have_v take_v from_o the_o volsci_n among_o the_o soldier_n at_o his_o return_n he_o request_v the_o senate_n that_o his_o and_o their_o promise_n may_v be_v make_v good_a but_o be_v check_v for_o his_o too_o great_a compliance_n with_o the_o multitude_n and_o because_o he_o be_v a_o old_a man_n above_o seventy_o unfit_a as_o he_o say_v to_o contend_v and_o unwilling_a to_o show_v his_o utmost_a authority_n he_o immediate_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n this_o more_o inflame_v the_o common_a people_n who_o now_o have_v their_o private_a consultation_n design_v to_o separate_v themselves_o from_o the_o patritian_n which_o when_o the_o senate_n perceive_v order_n be_v give_v to_o the_o consul_n not_o to_o disband_v the_o army_n pretend_v that_o the_o sabine_n and_o aequi_n have_v new_a design_n against_o rome_n now_o the_o soldier_n be_v strict_o bind_v by_o their_o oath_n call_v sacramentum_fw-la at_o their_o first_o list_v can_v not_o
get_v home_o they_o present_v themselves_o before_o poplicola_n but_o he_o fear_v the_o dangerous_a consequence_n such_o a_o act_n may_v occasion_v send_v they_o all_o back_n to_o porsena_n which_o tarquin_n understand_v lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o they_o and_o their_o convoy_n but_o they_o be_v rescue_v by_o aruns_n porsena_n son_n porsena_n examine_v they_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o extraordinary_a courage_n and_o good_a behaviour_n of_o claelia_n present_v she_o with_o one_o of_o his_o own_o horse_n sumptuous_o equip_v and_o give_v her_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o a_o set_a number_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o she_o do_v with_o much_o discretion_n choose_v out_o the_o young_a as_o be_v less_o able_a to_o bear_v injury_n and_o hardship_n then_o to_o give_v a_o further_a testimony_n of_o his_o great_a respect_n to_o the_o roman_n beside_o other_o piece_n of_o magnificence_n he_o command_v all_o his_o soldier_n to_o leave_v the_o camp_n with_o only_a their_o arm_n deliver_v to_o the_o roman_n his_o tent_n well_o furnish_v with_o provision_n and_o riches_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o roman_n to_o show_v their_o gratitude_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n erect_v a_o statue_n for_o he_o by_o the_o senate_n house_n and_o another_o to_o claelia_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o which_o be_v a_o maid_n on_o horseback_n in_o the_o street_n call_v via_fw-la sacra_fw-la give_v likewise_o to_o mutius_n a_o field_n beyond_o the_o tiber_n afterward_o call_v mutia_n prata_n thus_o end_v the_o hetrurian_a war_n much_o to_o tarquin_n dissatisfaction_n and_o soon_o after_o herminius_n and_o lartius_n who_o have_v so_o brave_o defend_v the_o bridge_n be_v together_o choose_v consul_n iv._o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o 249._o the_o sabine_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n m._n valerius_n be_v one_o of_o the_o consul_n by_o the_o instruction_n of_o his_o brother_n poplicola_n obtain_v great_a honour_n overthrow_v they_o twice_o the_o last_o time_n kill_v 13000_o with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n to_o the_o roman_n beside_o his_o triumph_n he_o have_v the_o additional_a honour_n of_o a_o house_n build_v for_o he_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n the_o year_n follow_v when_o poplicola_n be_v consul_n the_o four_o time_n the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o sabine_n join_v in_o confederacy_n with_o the_o latin_n against_o rome_n but_o appius_n clausus_n a_o eminent_a man_n among_o the_o sabine_n for_o riches_n valour_n and_o eloquence_n be_v much_o against_o the_o war_n first_o retard_v their_o preparation_n then_o after_o a_o short_a time_n come_v over_o to_o the_o roman_n with_o 5000_o family_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o dependent_n these_o have_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o land_n and_o large_a privilege_n allow_v they_o beside_o their_o freedom_n especial_o clausus_n himself_o who_o be_v make_v also_o a_o senator_n and_o the_o clausâ—_n afterward_o call_v claudii_n time_n become_v as_o great_a a_o family_n as_o any_o in_o rome_n soon_o after_o this_o the_o tribe_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o one_o of_o the_o four_o in_o the_o city_n be_v call_v tribus_fw-la claudia_n from_o the_o forementioned_a appius_n claudius_n and_o this_o remarkable_a change_n happen_v in_o the_o 250th_o year_n of_o this_o city_n but_o upon_o what_o account_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n it_o be_v effect_v historian_n be_v very_o silent_a the_o sabine_n have_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n advance_v with_o all_o the_o troop_n to_o fidenae_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n of_o 2000_o foot_n whereof_o poplicola_n have_v some_o notice_n by_o deserter_n he_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o three_o part_n and_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o mist_n fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n on_o so_o many_o side_n that_o only_o the_o nigh_o distance_n of_o fidenae_n save_v they_o from_o be_v all_o cut_v off_o the_o roman_n obtain_v large_a plunder_n and_o poplicola_n a_o noble_a triumph_n not_o long_o after_o poplicola_n have_v end_v his_o consulship_n die_v and_o the_o people_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o poverty_n as_o to_o show_v their_o respect_n to_o so_o great_a and_o serviceable_a a_o person_n decree_v he_o shall_v be_v bury_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n and_o by_o a_o favour_n peculiar_a to_o that_o family_n alone_o within_o the_o city_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o a_o equal_a mixture_n of_o pomp_n and_o sorrow_n the_o woman_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n mourn_v for_o he_o a_o whole_a year_n as_o they_o have_v before_o do_v for_o brutus_n 251._o in_o the_o same_o year_n posthumius_fw-la and_o meneniâ—s_fw-la be_v consul_n the_o sabine_n once_o more_o draw_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n march_v up_o almost_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o consul_n advance_v towards_o they_o posthumius_fw-la fall_v into_o a_o ambuscade_n lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o narrow_o escape_v himself_o which_o unfortunate_a disadvantage_n put_v the_o citizen_n into_o so_o great_a a_o consternation_n that_o they_o run_v back_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o their_o wall_n expect_v when_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attack_v the_o city_n but_o the_o enemy_n make_v no_o such_o attempt_n they_o march_v out_o again_o resolve_v to_o redeem_v their_o lose_a credit_n and_o posthumius_fw-la more_o concern_v than_o the_o rest_n behave_v himself_o noble_o and_o together_o with_o his_o colleague_n obtain_v a_o notable_a victory_n which_o have_v be_v finish_v with_o the_o entire_a ruin_n of_o the_o sabine_n have_v not_o the_o night_n interpose_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o victory_n the_o senate_n decree_v menenius_n a_o full_a triumph_n but_o posthumius_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o his_o ill_a success_n in_o the_o beginning_n have_v only_o a_o inferior_a one_o ovation_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v ovation_n so_o name_v from_o the_o letter_n o_o as_o it_o be_v say_v which_o the_o soldier_n in_o way_n of_o joy_n be_v wont_a to_o echo_v at_o their_o return_n from_o victory_n whereas_o in_o triumph_n they_o cry_v io_n triumph_n triumph_n now_o a_o ovation_n differ_v from_o a_o triumph_n proper_o so_o call_v in_o these_o particular_n namely_o that_o in_o a_o ovation_n the_o general_n enter_v the_o city_n on_o foot_n and_o not_o in_o a_o chariot_n that_o he_o be_v meet_v only_o by_o the_o knight_n and_o gentleman_n not_o by_o the_o senator_n in_o their_o robe_n that_o he_o himself_o have_v only_o the_o pretexta_fw-la toga_fw-la the_o ordinary_a habit_n of_o consul_n and_o praetor_n and_o not_o the_o robe_n interweave_v with_o gold_n and_o last_o that_o he_o have_v not_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n but_o have_v only_o laurel_n and_o a_o wreath_n of_o myrtle_n on_o his_o head_n 252._o the_o year_n follow_v cassius_z and_o virginius_n be_v consul_n the_o sabine_n receive_v another_o great_a overthrow_n at_o cure_n 10300_o be_v kill_v and_o 4000_o take_v prisoner_n which_o defeat_v force_v they_o to_o beg_v peace_n and_o purchase_v it_o with_o corn_n money_n and_o part_n of_o their_o land_n while_o cassius_n do_v this_o good_a service_n against_o the_o sabine_n his_o colleague_n virginius_n subdue_v the_o camarinaean_n who_o have_v revolt_v and_o have_v execute_v the_o ringleader_n he_o sell_v the_o rest_n and_o demolish_v the_o city_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o contest_v with_o the_o sabine_n for_o a_o while_n v._o tarquin_n still_o restless_a and_o unsatisfy_a 254._o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o mamilius_n octavius_n his_o son-in-law_n stir_v up_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o latin_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o rome_n and_o moreover_o have_v procure_v fidenae_n to_o revolt_v but_o the_o senate_n prudent_o decline_v make_v war_n with_o all_o the_o latin_n well_o know_v that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rather_o incline_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n therefore_o at_o first_o they_o block_v up_o fidenae_n which_o have_v receive_v some_o of_o tarquin_n force_n tarquin_n meet_v with_o no_o greet_v success_n now_o endeavour_v to_o accomplish_v his_o design_n a_o more_o easy_a way_n by_o foment_v difference_n and_o quarrel_n between_o the_o rich_a and_o poor_a sort_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o he_o happen_v on_o a_o very_a convenient_a opportunity_n for_o his_o purpose_n for_o about_o this_o time_n the_o common_a people_n who_o be_v burden_v by_o usury_n be_v much_o dissatisfy_v with_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n especial_o with_o the_o unreasonable_a severity_n of_o creditor_n who_o general_o seize_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o their_o debtor_n and_o use_v they_o worse_o than_o slave_n tarquin_n be_v sensible_a of_o all_o this_o send_v certain_a of_o his_o friend_n with_o good_a quantity_n of_o gold_n give_v they_o some_o in_o hand_n and_o promise_v more_o after_o the_o king_n restoration_n and_o thereby_o procure_v a_o conspiracy_n of_o many_o poor_a citizen_n and_o discontent_a slave_n but_o the_o whole_a matter_n
those_o creature_n break_v their_o rank_n whereupon_o pyrrhus_n command_v the_o thessalian_a cavalry_n to_o charge_v they_o in_o this_o disorder_n and_o give_v they_o a_o total_a rout_n with_o great_a slaughter_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o his_o best_a man_n he_o himself_o also_o be_v wound_v the_o roman_n lose_v nigh_o 15000_o man_n and_o have_v 1800_o take_v prisoner_n and_o the_o other_o side_n lose_v 13000_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v out_o of_o dionysius_n pyrrhus_n use_v the_o roman_a prisoner_n with_o extraordinary_a civility_n and_o courtesy_n and_o generous_o buryâ—d_v their_o dead_a then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o their_o body_n and_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o wound_v before_o and_o what_o noble_a and_o stern_a countenance_n they_o have_v he_o lift_v up_o his_o eye_n and_o cryâ—d_n o_o how_o easy_o may_v i_o conquer_v the_o world_n be_v i_o master_n of_o such_o soldier_n after_o this_o battle_n pyrrhus_n be_v join_v with_o the_o auxiliary_a troop_n 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the_o elephant_n in_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n cause_v a_o detachment_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o incommodius_fw-la ground_n and_o mix_v slinger_n and_o archer_n among_o the_o elephant_n with_o great_a courage_n advance_v in_o a_o close_a and_o well_o order_v body_n and_o the_o roman_n not_o have_v those_o advantage_n of_o retreat_v and_o fall_v on_o as_o they_o have_v before_o be_v oblige_v to_o fight_v man_n to_o man_n upon_o plain_a ground_n make_v a_o bloody_a slaughter_n among_o the_o grecian_a spear_n man_n not_o mind_v or_o value_v what_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o after_o a_o long_a and_o obstinate_a fight_n the_o roman_n be_v so_o press_v upon_o especial_o by_o the_o mighty_a force_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o gaecian_a cavalry_n and_o so_o overpower_v that_o they_o retreat_v to_o their_o camp_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o 6000_o man_n the_o enemy_n have_v lose_v nigh_o 4000_o this_o battle_n be_v various_o relate_v but_o this_o be_v the_o true_a 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the_o senior_n of_o they_o hold_v out_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o robe_n tell_v the_o senate_n here_o we_o bring_v you_o war_n or_o peace_n choose_v which_o you_o please_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o other_o answer_v deliver_v which_o you_o will_v the_o roman_a reply_v war_n the_o other_o accept_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o begin_v the_o second_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n 23_o year_n after_o the_o first_o in_o the_o 536th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 3787_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o 140th_o olympiad_n 291_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 172_o since_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 112_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n and_o 216_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n x._o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o finish_n of_o it_o by_o scipio_n africanus_n when_o the_o roman_n become_v perfect_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war._n contain_v 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painful_a march_n through_o these_o untrodden_a path_n hannibal_n at_o last_o gain_v the_o top_n of_o these_o vast_a mountain_n where_o he_o refresh_v his_o man_n and_o encourage_v their_o faint_a mind_n by_o a_o distant_a prospect_n of_o italy_n tell_v â—em_v that_o now_o like_o hardy_a soldier_n they_o have_v mount_v not_o only_o the_o wall_n of_o italy_n but_o those_o of_o rome_n too_o after_o two_o day_n respite_n among_o these_o dismal_a place_n the_o army_n mouâ—d_v forward_o and_o be_v force_v to_o encounter_v with_o new_a difficulty_n for_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o snow_n be_v late_o fall_v as_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o that_o as_o have_v be_v before_o by_o the_o enemy_n encounter_n and_o now_o a_o sort_n of_o despair_n appear_v in_o almost_o every_o man_n face_n but_o hannibal_n who_o still_o remain_v steady_a and_o unshaken_a incite_v they_o forward_o till_o they_o arriuâ—d_v at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v a_o rocky_a precipice_n where_o the_o earth_n have_v late_o fall_v away_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 1000_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o pass_v with_o elephant_n or_o horse_n whereupon_o he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v his_o man_n through_o other_o unknown_a way_n but_o find_v the_o snow_n have_v make_v they_o impassable_a he_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o level_v the_o rock_n in_o order_n to_o that_o great_a number_n of_o huge_a tree_n be_v fell_v and_o a_o mighty_a pile_n make_v against_o it_o and_o set_v on_o fire_n when_o the_o rock_n be_v red-hot_a they_o soften_v and_o putrefy_v it_o with_o vinegar_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o and_o then_o with_o wonderful_a labour_n cleave_v it_o lessen_v the_o descent_n by_o such_o moderate_a turn_n that_o not_o only_o the_o beast_n of_o burden_n but_o the_o elephant_n also_o may_v safe_o pass_v four_o day_n indefatigable_a toil_n be_v employ_v about_o this_o rock_n the_o beast_n the_o mean_a while_n be_v almost_o stary_v have_v have_v very_o little_a sustenance_n all_o that_o time_n but_o come_v low_o certain_a valley_n afford_v pasture_n where_o the_o cattle_n be_v refresh_v and_o rest_v allow_v the_o weary_a soldier_n from_o thence_o hannibal_n descend_v into_o the_o plain_n have_v be_v 15_o day_n in_o pass_v the_o alps_o it_o be_v now_o the_o 5_o month_n after_o his_o set_n out_o from_o new_a carthage_n which_o be_v a_o city_n build_v by_o asdrubal_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o arrival_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o insubres_n he_o find_v his_o army_n reduce_v to_o about_o 18000_o foot_n and_o 6000_o horse_n according_a to_o polybius_n have_v lose_v most_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o alps_n scipio_n the_o consul_n hear_v of_o hannibalâ—s_n â—s_z march_n hasten_v to_o meet_v he_o before_o his_o man_n be_v well_o refresh_v both_o army_n meet_v at_o ticinum_n now_o pavia_n in_o which_o battle_n the_o consul_n be_v wound_v be_v sauâ—d_v by_o the_o great_a valour_n of_o his_o young_a son_n afterward_o callâ—d_v africanus_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n be_v defeat_v especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o numidian_a cavalry_n who_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o his_o rear_n soon_o after_o this_o defeat_n sempronius_n the_o other_o consul_n out_o of_o sicily_n joynâ—d_n scipio_n at_o the_o river_n trebia_n sempronius_n have_v be_v successful_a in_o some_o skirmish_n resoluâ—d_v to_o give_v the_o enemy_n battle_n before_o too_o many_o of_o the_o gaul_n be_v joynâ—d_v he_o though_o scipio_n be_v much_o against_o it_o who_o be_v now_o lay_v up_o of_o his_o wound_n hannibal_n know_v the_o gaul_n to_o be_v all_o at_o his_o devotion_n and_o find_v his_o own_o man_n fresh_a and_o vigorous_a endeavour_v at_o nothing_o more_o than_o a_o battle_n upon_o the_o nigh_o approach_v of_o these_o army_n hannibal_n convey_v 1000_o choice_a horse_n into_o a_o private_a place_n and_o another_o party_n he_o send_v to_o brave_a the_o roman_n before_o they_o can_v provide_v against_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o meat_n or_o drink_n so_o that_o engage_v with_o cold_a and_o hunger_n pass_v the_o river_n up_o to_o the_o armpit_n and_o be_v unexpected_o charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o rear_n they_o be_v entire_o defeat_v though_o not_o without_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n through_o who_o rank_n 10000_o desperate_o break_v and_o escape_v to_o placentia_n 26000_o be_v either_o slay_v take_v or_o drown_v in_o the_o river_n the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v what_o they_o be_v able_a in_o pursue_v retire_v to_o their_o camp_n so_o stupefy_v with_o cold_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o sensible_a of_o their_o victory_n for_o rain_v mix_v with_o snow_n and_o intolerable_a cold_a kill_v many_o of_o their_o man_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o beast_n and_o elephant_n thus_o hannibal_n be_v now_o as_o successful_a in_o his_o battle_n as_o before_o he_o have_v be_v dare_v in_o his_o march_n the_o roman_n never_o
all_o possible_a way_n and_o method_n to_o procure_v force_n and_o thus_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o summer_n spend_v in_o which_o time_n the_o capitol_n be_v burn_v down_o none_o know_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v do_v this_o happen_v about_o 430_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o build_v the_o follow_a year_n carbo_n a_o three_o time_n and_o young_a marius_n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a be_v make_v consul_n the_o latter_a at_o 27_o year_n of_o age._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o campaign_n carbo_n lieutenant_n carinus_n be_v overthrow_v by_o metellus_n and_o marius_n himself_o by_o sylla_n marius_n be_v drive_v into_o praeneste_n where_o be_v close_o besiege_v and_o almost_o despair_v of_o relief_n he_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n write_v to_o brutus_n than_o praetor_n at_o rome_n to_o use_v some_o pretence_n to_o call_v the_o senate_n and_o then_o to_o kill_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o who_o be_v his_o enemy_n which_o order_n be_v execute_v with_o great_a cruelty_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o side_n be_v conqueror_n rome_n be_v still_o a_o miserable_a sufferer_n metellus_n have_v by_o this_o time_n overthrow_v carbo_n once_o more_o and_o pompey_n defeat_v marcius_n another_o of_o that_o party_n sylla_n march_v direct_o to_o rome_n which_o place_v he_o easy_o enter_v great_a number_n of_o the_o opposite_a faction_n be_v flee_v into_o the_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rome_n be_v extreme_o terrifyâ—d_v at_o sylla_n entrance_n but_o he_o only_o put_v the_o good_n of_o the_o person_n that_o flee_v to_o sale_n wish_v the_o people_n not_o to_o be_v deject_v for_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o act_v as_o he_o do_v then_o leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o the_o city_n he_o depart_v to_o clusium_n where_o he_o and_o his_o officer_n several_a time_n overthrow_v carbo_n army_n carbo_n be_v now_o upon_o the_o defensive_a send_v eight_o legion_n to_o praeneste_n to_o relieve_v his_o colleague_n marius_n but_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o pompey_n in_o a_o narrow_a passage_n where_o he_o â—lew_v many_o of_o they_o and_o disperse_v the_o rest._n soon_o after_o carbo_n be_v join_v with_o norbanus_n engage_v with_o metellus_n and_o have_v 10000_o of_o his_o man_n slay_v and_o 6000_o yield_v whereupon_o great_a number_n go_v over_o to_o sylla_n party_n which_o present_o become_v master_n of_o all_o gaul_n on_o that_o side_n the_o alps_n norbanus_n flee_v to_o rhodes_n where_o fear_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o he_o kill_v himself_o and_o carbo_n flee_v to_o africa_n though_o he_o have_v 30000_o man_n at_o clusium_n beside_o other_o force_n all_o which_o soon_o after_o be_v break_v and_o disperse_v by_o pompey_n but_o carinus_n and_o marcius_n with_o other_o commander_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o samnite_n troop_n endeavour_v to_o force_v the_o trench_n at_o praeneste_n and_o relieve_v marius_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a they_o advance_v to_o rome_n where_o meet_v with_o sylla_n a_o most_o bloody_a battle_n be_v seek_v at_o the_o very_a gate_n in_o which_o many_o thousand_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o sylla_n at_o last_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o carinus_n and_o marcius_n be_v take_v and_o their_o head_n send_v to_o praeneste_n to_o be_v show_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n at_o which_o sorrowful_a sight_n they_o surrender_v to_o lucullus_n and_o marius_n kill_v himself_o who_o head_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o pleading-place_n at_o rome_n all_o his_o faction_n in_o praeneste_n with_o the_o native_n and_o samnite_n be_v put_v to_o death_n without_o mercy_n only_o the_o roman_n escape_v with_o their_o life_n and_o this_o rich_a city_n be_v plunder_v norba_n a_o little_a after_o be_v take_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n set_v the_o town_n on_o fire_n all_o destroy_v themselves_o some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o so_o now_o all_o italy_n come_v under_o the_o power_n of_o sylla_n sylla_n have_v be_v thus_o successful_a against_o his_o enemy_n at_o home_n send_v pompey_n into_o africa_n against_o carbo_n and_o give_v he_o charge_n to_o pass_v from_o thence_o into_o sicily_n against_o other_o of_o that_o party_n pompey_n in_o a_o short_a time_n drive_v carbo_n into_o sicily_n and_o thence_o into_o corcyra_n where_o he_o take_v he_o and_o cause_v his_o head_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v to_o sylla_n but_o rome_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n now_o severe_o feel_v the_o dreadful_a effect_n of_o civil_a contest_v for_o sylla_n call_v the_o people_n together_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o will_v put_v they_o into_o a_o better_a condition_n if_o they_o be_v obedient_a to_o his_o command_n but_o as_o for_o his_o enemy_n be_v be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o he_o do_v with_o more_o severity_n than_o any_o before_o he_o kill_v and_o butcher_v many_o thousand_o after_o a_o most_o barbarous_a and_o inhuman_a manner_n eight_o thousand_o be_v put_v to_o death_n together_o in_o the_o villa_n publica_n a_o large_a house_n in_o the_o campus_n martius_n man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o embrace_n of_o their_o wife_n child_n in_o the_o arm_n of_o their_o mother_n and_o liberty_n be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n to_o kill_v all_o they_o meet_v without_o distinction_n till_o furfidius_fw-la a_o little_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o his_o rage_n by_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o leave_v some_o to_o reign_v over_o sylla_n then_o publish_v table_n of_o proscription_n for_o particular_o person_n these_o be_v the_o first_o ever_o know_v in_o rome_n wherein_o be_v proscribe_v 80_o senator_n and_o 1600_o equites_fw-la to_o which_o he_o afterward_o add_v more_o promise_v great_a reward_n to_o the_o discoverer_n and_o threaten_a death_n to_o the_o concealer_n of_o they_o of_o these_o out-lawâ—d_a person_n some_o be_v slay_v in_o their_o house_n other_o in_o the_o street_n and_o other_o prostrate_v at_o his_o foot_n beg_v their_o life_n and_o those_o that_o flee_v their_o good_n be_v seize_v on_o marius_n brother_n to_o sylla_n great_a enemy_n have_v his_o eye_n first_o pull_v out_o than_o his_o hand_n and_o leg_n cut_v off_o at_o several_a time_n that_o he_o may_v die_v with_o the_o great_a torment_n â—_o julius_n caesar_n a_o young_a man_n of_o wonderful_a promise_a ability_n who_o have_v marry_v cinna_n daughter_n very_o hardly_o escape_v the_o common_a misery_n of_o these_o time_n of_o who_o sylla_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v after_o a_o prophetic_a manner_n that_o in_o caesar_n be_v many_o marius_n '_o s._n rome_n be_v not_o the_o only_a sufferer_n in_o these_o dreadful_a calamity_n for_o this_o proscription_n be_v carryâ—d_v throughout_o all_o the_o city_n of_o italy_n where_o the_o merciless_a effusion_n of_o blood_n be_v such_o that_o neither_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n nor_o all_o the_o sanctuary_n can_v afford_v protection_n to_o any_o man._n both_o the_o consul_n be_v now_o destroy_v sylla_n withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o city_n and_o order_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v a_o inter-rex_a which_o they_o most_o willing_o do_v name_v valerius_n flaccus_n he_o write_v to_o he_o to_o ask_v the_o people_n that_o since_o affair_n be_v yet_o much_o unsettled_a a_o dictator_n may_v be_v create_v and_o that_o not_o for_o any_o limit_a time_n but_o till_o all_o public_a evil_n and_o grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v not_o forget_v to_o mention_v himself_o this_o the_o people_n be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v to_o he_o have_v then_o all_o the_o power_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o this_o office_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v for_o 120_o year_n be_v confer_v on_o he_o without_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o civil_a war_n in_o italy_n though_o not_o in_o all_o other_o place_n about_o 6_o year_n after_o it_o begin_v and_o four_o after_o the_o first_o marius_n death_n in_o the_o 672d_o year_n of_o the_o city_n in_o the_o 3d._a year_n of_o the_o 174th_o olympiad_n 427_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 248_o since_o the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n and_o 80_o before_o our_o saviours_n nativity_n chap._n fourteen_o from_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylla_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n namely_o that_o of_o caesar_n pompey_n and_o craâ—sus_n which_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n and_o the_o first_o step_v to_o the_o set_n up_o the_o imperial_a contain_v the_o space_n of_o 22_o year_n the_o government_n of_o rome_n be_v now_o for_o some_o space_n change_v to_o a_o monarchy_n 672._o sylla_n power_n be_v unlimited_a as_o to_o time_n and_o thoâ—_n to_o keep_v up_o a_o show_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n he_o permit_v consul_n to_o be_v make_v yet_o he_o plain_o reign_v alone_o have_v 24_o lictor_n with_o their_o fasces_fw-la and_o axe_n and_o a_o great_a guard_n constant_o to_o attend_v his_o person_n as_o the_o
the_o middle_n under_o the_o command_n of_o scipio_n the_o spaniard_n who_o pompey_n most_o rely_v upon_o on_o the_o right_n under_o domitius_n aenobarbus_n and_o on_o the_o left_a be_v pompey_n himself_o with_o the_o two_o legion_n caesar_n have_v restore_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n under_o lentulus_n the_o rest_n be_v in_o the_o same_o order_n between_o scipio_n legion_n and_o the_o wing_n only_o the_o auxiliary_a troop_n at_o least_o such_o as_o fight_v in_o order_n compose_v the_o body_n of_o reserve_n for_o the_o other_o they_o be_v draw_v out_o without_o order_n upon_o the_o left_a with_o the_o archer_n slinger_n and_o all_o the_o cavalry_n the_o right_o be_v fortify_v by_o a_o river_n caesar_n leave_v two_o cohort_n to_o guard_v his_o camp_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o three_o line_n also_o in_o the_o same_o order_n with_o pompey_n the_o ten_o legion_n be_v upon_o the_o right_n and_o the_o nine_o upon_o the_o left_a almost_o join_v to_o the_o eight_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cohort_n be_v draw_v up_o between_o these_o legion_n be_v on_o the_o centre_n where_o domitius_n calvinus_n command_v sylla_n have_v the_o right_a wing_n and_o anthony_n the_o left_a caesar_n put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o ten_o legion_n who_o valour_n he_o have_v often_o experience_v and_o with_o design_n to_o be_v opposite_a to_o pompey_n who_o intend_v to_o fall_v sudden_o upon_o the_o flank_n of_o caesar_n troop_n but_o he_o soon_o perceive_v it_o by_o the_o order_n of_o his_o battle_n and_o thereupon_o he_o draw_v six_o cohort_n out_o of_o all_o his_o troop_n of_o which_o he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o reserve_n he_o exact_o instruct_v they_o in_o their_o duty_n and_o above_o all_o give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o all_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n depend_v upon_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_v alone_o last_o he_o place_v his_o cavalry_n so_o as_o to_o cover_v the_o right_n of_o the_o ten_o legion_n order_v over_o and_o above_o his_o three_o line_n not_o to_o march_v till_o they_o receive_v a_o signal_n from_o he_o now_o it_o be_v that_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o vast_a empire_n of_o rome_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o great_a general_n the_o brave_a officer_n and_o the_o stout_a soldier_n in_o the_o world_n each_o man_n almost_o be_v inspire_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o conquer_a glorious_o or_o die_v honourable_o as_o the_o army_n approach_v the_o two_o general_n go_v from_o rank_a to_o rank_n encourage_v their_o soldier_n pompey_n represent_v to_o his_o man_n the_o justice_n and_o merit_n of_o his_o cause_n the_o advantage_n of_o their_o number_n strengthen_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a senator_n and_o the_o glory_n late_o obtain_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o dyrrachium_fw-la caesar_n be_v content_v only_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o he_o have_v endeavour_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o obtain_v a_o honourable_a peace_n and_o if_o his_o enemy_n have_v please_v they_o may_v have_v spare_v the_o blood_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a men._n so_o see_v the_o impatience_n of_o his_o soldier_n to_o fall_v on_o he_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n the_o word_n on_o pompey_n side_n be_v hercules_n the_o invincible_a that_o on_o caesar_n venus_n the_o victorious_a there_o be_v now_o only_o so_o much_o space_n between_o the_o two_o army_n as_o be_v just_o sufficient_a for_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n but_o pompey_n order_v his_o man_n to_o receive_v the_o first_o shock_n without_o move_v from_o their_o place_n caesar_n soldier_n see_v that_o like_o man_n of_o skill_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n make_v a_o halt_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o carrier_n and_o after_o take_v a_o little_a breath_n run_v furious_o upon_o the_o enemy_n first_o discharge_v their_o javelin_n then_o draw_v their_o sword_n as_o caesar_n have_v give_v they_o order_n pompey_n man_n receive_v the_o charge_n without_o the_o least_o disorder_n and_o fall_v on_o with_o their_o javelin_n and_o sword_n a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a battle_n ensue_v which_o for_o some_o time_n seem_v equal_a then_o pompey_n order_v his_o cavalry_n to_o charge_n which_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o archer_n and_o slinger_n soon_o oblige_v caesar_n man_n to_o give_v ground_n and_o get_v themselves_o upon_o the_o flank_n of_o his_o army_n as_o they_o first_o design_v whereupon_o caesar_n immediate_o order_v the_o six_o cohort_n to_o advance_v which_o be_v his_o body_n of_o reserve_n to_o charge_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o their_o pike_n port_a this_o contrivance_n disorder_v those_o nice_a and_o esseminate_a knight_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o spoil_v their_o face_n put_v they_o into_o such_o confusion_n that_o upon_o the_o rally_a of_o caesar_n cavalry_n they_o be_v all_o break_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o the_o slinger_n and_o archer_n be_v thus_o abandon_v be_v all_o cut_n to_o piece_n caesar_n industrious_o follow_v that_o advantage_n advance_v and_o charge_v pompey_n troop_n upon_o the_o flank_n which_o charge_v they_o stand_v with_o great_a resolution_n and_o the_o ally_n brave_o defend_v themselves_o when_o caesar_n give_v the_o signal_n for_o his_o three_o line_n to_o advance_v which_o fresh_a troop_n pour_v in_o upon_o pompey_n weary_v out_o and_o attack_v on_o all_o side_n easy_o break_v '_o they_o the_o flight_n begin_v among_o the_o stranger_n though_o pompey_n right_a wing_n still_o valiant_o maintain_v their_o ground_n but_o caesar_n cause_v his_o man_n to_o cry_v out_o kill_v the_o stranger_n but_o save_o the_o roman_n the_o roman_n lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o receive_v quarter_n but_o a_o miserable_a slaughter_n be_v make_v among_o the_o stranger_n who_o flee_v with_o all_o speed_n caesar_n now_o find_v the_o victory_n certain_a and_o pompey_n retreat_v to_o his_o trench_n cry_v out_o to_o his_o man_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o pursue_v the_o victory_n and_o take_v the_o enemy_n camp_n it_o be_v now_o noonday_n and_o though_o they_o be_v weary_v out_o with_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o heat_n yet_o upon_o see_v their_o general_n march_v afoot_n at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o they_o follow_v he_o with_o great_a resolution_n and_o fall_v on_o with_o fresh_a courage_n the_o enemy_n all_o flee_v to_o the_o mountain_n not_o far_o off_o pompey_n himself_o be_v so_o extreme_o dishearten_v and_o confound_v that_o here_o he_o can_v perform_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o his_o great_a courage_n or_o reputation_n but_o get_v on_o horseback_n he_o flee_v to_o larissa_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o sea_n caesar_n find_v throughout_o the_o camp_n much_o rich_a furniture_n in_o the_o tent_n table_n spread_v with_o fine_a linen_n and_o cupboard_n cover_v with_o plate_n which_o sufficient_o show_v the_o luxury_n and_o assurance_n of_o the_o enemy_n caesar_n earnest_o desire_v his_o soldier_n not_o to_o amuse_v themselves_o with_o plunder_n but_o to_o complete_a this_o glorious_a victory_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o great_a respect_n they_o bear_v he_o he_o prevail_v so_o 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