which the English perceiving fac'd about to fight them whereupon the Scots drew off to the Hills perceiving their ' advantage lay there to impede the English at the Passe at Copperspeth which being effected they brag'd they had the English in Essex his pound meaning they had them upon the same lock the King had the Earl of Essex at in Cornwall so ready are men to promise wonders to themselves while they confer but with their own desires The English were indeed invironed with all manner of apparent dangers their Forces were lessened their bodies weakned with Fluxes their strength wasted with watchings in want of drink wet and cold weather they were alwayes accompanied with and much impaired in point of courage 2000 at least being disabled for present service were sent at several times to Barwick The Generall and his Councell of Officers finding the Army unfit for further delayes The Scots defeated at Dunbar resolved next morning to break through that their Israelitish condition by falling on the right wing of the Scots and either force a passage that way or perish in the attempt and being imbattailed by break of day accordingly they fell upon the enemy with Horse and Foot very unanimously who to hinder the English at a Passe drew up all their Horse upon their right wing and valiantly received the onset The Word of the English was The Lord of Hosts and that of the Scots was The Covenant The English as men indued with new strength from on high vigorously prest forward as resolved to become absolute vanquishers or to die martyrs After one hours sharp dispute the Scots were wholly routed their Cavilry fled and the Infantry were all or most of them slain and taken to the number of about 15000. There were taken 200 Colours 10 Collonels 12 Lievtenant Collonels 9 Majors 47 Captains 72 Lievtenants 80 Enfignes befides Cornets and Quartermasters 22 Pieces of Ordinance with severall smaller Pieces about 15000 Arms those of quality taken were the Lord Libberten and his Son the Lord Cranston Sr. James Lumsdale Lievtenant Gen. of the Foot Adjutant Gen. Bickerton Scoutmaster Generall Cambill c. At this engagement all the Forces of the English would not amount to 1200 and the Scots were in number more then 20000. And as there was a general Fast throughout England to implore a blessing from Heaven upon the proceedings of their Army in Scotland so likewise there was appointed a solemne day of thanksgiving to Almighty God for this mighty Victory obtained over the Scots in the fields of Dunbar Sep. 3. 1650. In the observation whereof many of the Clergy shewed themselves very froward and obstinate of whom I shall have occasion to speak more hereafter Sept. 7. four Regiments of Foot marched into Lieth where they found 37 Guns mounted on Platforme some Shot and Ammunition with store of wealth The same day the Lord Generall Cromwell drew the rest of his Army both Horse and Foot into Edenburrough without any losse save the Arm of a Souldier taken off by a Canon bullet from the Castle Sept. 6. being Sabbath day Generall Cromwell sent a Trumpeter into the Castle to invite the Ministers to come to their several Charges which they resused so that the English supplyed their places For some certain time the Army was busied in compleating the Fortifications at Lieth the most commodious Harbour for their accommodation in all Scotland Gen. Cromwell after he had caused a Protection for Markets and Liberty of Trade in Edenburrough and Lieth to be proclaimed by beat of Drum and sound of Trumpet marched forward Sep. 14. with his Army to Netherish six miles from Edenburrough leaving Major Generall Overton with his Brigade behind Sep. 15. the Army marched beyond Linlithgow but by reason of the extremity of the weather they were forced to quarter there that night Sep. 16. they marched towards Falkirk and from thence Sep. 17. within a mile of Sterling Sep. 18. a Councell of Warre was called and a Letter drawn up to be sent into the Town expressing their constant affection to and tendernesse of the People of Scotland which though they had not taken the desired effect yet being so farre advanced into the Countrey with their Army they now desired them to take into consideration their former Papers and deliver up that place for the service of the Commonwealth of England A Trumpeter being sent with the Letter a Gentleman on foot with a Pike in his hand met him and told him they would not let him come in nor receive his Letter In the afeernoon came a Trumpeter from the Scots desiring a release of Prisoners upon ransome To which Generall Cromwell answered That they came not thither to make merchandize of Men or to get gain to themselves but for the service and security of the Commonwealth of England The same day Orders were issued forth for the Horse and Foot to march towards Sterling in order to a storm Ladders and all other necessaries being provided for that purpose but the strength of the enemy and of the place with other disadvantages being considered it was resolved that the Army should draw off which accordingly they did Sep. 19. and marched to Linlithgow which when the Generall and his Officers had viewed order was given for making severall Works for the security of the place conceiving it might make a very considerable frontier Garrison lying in the heart of the Country between Edinburrough and Sterling whence leaving there five Troops of Horse and fix Companies of Foot Generall Cromwell with the rest of the Army marched back to Edenburrough Sep. 23. The Gen. and Officers kept a day of Humiliation About the same time the Kirk Party also appointed a solemne Fast 1. To humble themselves for their too much confidence in the arme of flesh 2. For the malignity and prophanenesse of their Army 3. For the Plunderings and wickednesse of their Army when they were in England 4. For their not sufficient purging their Army 5. For their Commissioners unlawfull and surreptitious manner of prosecuting the Treaty with their King and their crooked wayes in bringing him home 6. For their not sufficient purging the Kings house 7. For the just grounds they have that his Majesties Repentance was not sound nor from the heart From which time to the moneths end little was done save that Gen. Cromwell took order for the effectuall reducing of the Castle of Edenburrough for which purpose many miners both Scotch and English were procured to expedite the businesse Sep. 30. The English went so neer the works of the Castle as they carried away one of the Scots Colours 300 Muskets with other Arms without any losse Octob. 1. The Scots Galleries went on in order to springing the Mines they sent many great and small shot among them yet nothing retarded the work Octob. 2. The English made a search in the high Church at Edenburgh and found there one great Iron Gun 200 new Muskets 16 barrels of Pouder
now deliver into my hands for his service you shall have fit terms for your self and those with you and ease the adjacent parts of a great charge If you refuse I doubt not but in a short time by the Lords assistance to obtain what now I demand I expect your answer by seaven of the Clock to morrow morning and rest To the Governour of Hume Castle Your Servant George Fenwick Right Honourable I Have received a Trumpeter of yours as be tels me without the Passe to render Hume Castle to the Lord Generall Cromwell Please you I never saw your Generall nor knew your Generall as for Hume Castle it stands upon a rock Given at Hume Castle this day before seaven a clock so resteth without prejudice to my Native Countrey For the Governour of Barwick Your most humble Servant Th. Cockburne Notwithstanding this resolute and conceited answer Assaulted and taken when the English with their Culverin and Mortar-piece had opened a small breach the Enemy beat a parley and because they might not have such conditions as they would they were forced to take such as they could get viz. to surrender upon mercy which was done accordingly Then Col. Monk with about three Regiments of Horse and Foot laid Siege to Tymptallon Castle Timptallon Castle taken against which they plaid with their Mortar-pieces for the space of 48 hours but did them no hurt then they plaid at the Castle with six battering Guns which did such notable execution that the enemy beat a parley and desired terms to march away but none would be granted save that they should yeeld themselves to mercy which was at last accepted and the Castle yeelded with all the Guns Arms Ammunition and provision therein The taking of this Castle was of great concernment to the English who were ever and anon taken and rifled by that Garrison So that now the passage from Edenburgh to Barwick was in a manner cleer Notwithstanding which and all the care that had been used the English were daily surprized and murdered in small stragling parties insomuch that General Cromwell was forced for the fafeguard of his men to publish and strictly to put in execution the following Proclamation FInding that divers under my command are not only daily spoiled and robbed but also sometimes barbarously and inhumanely slain by a sort of Out-laws and robbers not under the discipline of any Army and finding that all our tenderness to the Country produceth no better effect then their compliance with and protection of such persons and considering that it is in the power of the Countrey to detect and discover them many of them being inhabitants of those places where commonly the outrage is committed and perceiving that their motion is ordinarily by the invitation and according to intelligence given them by Countreymen I do therefore declare that wheresoever any under my command shall be hereafter robbed or spoiled by such parties I will require life for life and a plenary satisfaction for their Goods of those Parishes and places where the fact shall be committed unlesse they shall discover and produce the offender and this I wish all persons to take notice of that none may plead ignorance Given under my hand at Edenburgh Novemb. 5. 1650. O. Cromwell Hereupon severall Sums of Mony were levied upon such Parishes and places where any Robberies or Murthers were committed and likewise such persons as were found to abett act or assist in the perpetrating any murthers were forthwith condemned and executed according to the tenour of the aforesaid Proclamation The English in the next place design'd the reducing of Brunt Island and in order thereto they shipped some of their Infantry but either through the Ignorance mistake or neglect of the chiefe Commander the design for that time was frustrated Gen. Cromwell with his Army marched from Edenburgh and assayed severall times to passe over into Fife but the violent season and difficult passage forced them to betake themselves to their former Quarters which were the more comfortable by reason of the Fleet of Ships that arrived at Leith with plenty of provisions for Horse and Man one whereof bound from Hamburgh with Cheese by distresse of weather was driven into the North of Scotland where it was seized but the Master pretended he was bound for Haver de Grace in France and producing old Cockets importing as much he was dismist and a Scotch-man put himself and goods aboard for France whereupon they set sail and about the Frith were boarded by an Irish Man of Warre who would have carryed the Vessell to Ireland alledging they were bound for Leith the Master stood to his former relation and desired they would take the report of a Scotchman who was aboard so that forthwith they left her and she came safe into Leith whence the Scotchman was sent home to carry the News These with many other the supplies that were sent from England were a great heartning to the Souldiers in the midst of those many hardships they were exposed to by diseases and otherwise of which the Generall himself had as great a share as any for he had so many violent fits of the contagious disease of that Countrey that brought him even to the brink of death yet the weaknesse and want of the General did neither abate the Souldiers courage nor retard the enterprizes they designed for compleating their work although other difficulties presented themselves as so many mountains of opposition viz. the number of their enemies dispersed all along the other side of the River to prevent their Landing the danger of the passage it self and the unseasonablenesse of the weather these Impediments with the weak condition of the English hindred any further proceedings for some space of time During which Intervall there hapned as remarkable an accident in England as any Story can parallel which for the strangenesse and rarity thereof may well merit my pains to recite and the Readers patience to peruse At Oxford the famous and renowned Nursery of humane Literature was tryed condemned and executed Anne Green a Servant to Sir Thomas Read at Ounstu in that shire who being with child by a Gentleman in that House as she affirmed to the last about the fourth moneth of her time over-working herself fell in travell and not knowing what it might be went to the House of Office where with some straining the Child fell from her unaware as she said being not above a span long and something appearing in her Linnen that caused suspicion search was made and an abortive Infant found on the top of the House of Office so that three dayes after being in that time before some Justices of the Peace she was carried Prisoner to Oxford Anne Green hanged at Oxford afterwards she revived and in yet alive where she was condemned and hanged in the Castle-yard After she had hung about half an hour during which time she was pulled by the Legs and strook on the Breast by divers
further cause of jealousie to the English that the Dutch plaid an underhand game with them was because Admirall Van-Trump with a Fleet of Ships lay hovering upon the Coasts of Scilly as though he would make an hostile attempt upon that place but it being demanded of the States of Holland what was the design of their Fleet in riding so neer that Island It was answered that they had no other design therein but to demand restitution of such Ships and Goods as the Pirates thereof had taken from their People with which answer the Parliament were somewhat satisfied but not to trust them too far speedy order was taken for reducing the same into their own hands Accordingly on the 18. th of April The Islands of Scilly reduced 1651. Gen. Blake with the addition of a squadron of Ships commanded by Sr. George Aiscue that were designed for reducing of the Carybe Islands set sail and landed 300 Seamen besides Landmen upon the Isle The Seamen with much resolution courage and gallantry led the Van and easily made way for the rest so that they soon became masters of the Islands of Tresco and Briers took therein 150 Prisoners and slew about twenty they took also two considerable Frigots the one of 18 the other of 32 Guns they likewise became Masters of the best Harbour belonging to those Islands Hence the enemy fled to St. Maries their chief place of strength which in short time was surrendred As to the exceeding great strength and commodious situation of these Islands I need not say much for who so knowes those parts or hath observed the Card will see what a necessity there was of reducing the same and what a seasonable mercy God was pleased to crown their endeavours withall that they should gain so considerable a place as that being fortified both by Nature and Art without the losse of ten men from first to last Upon mis-information of the state of Cornet Castle in the Isle of Guernsey Corner Castle in Guernsey assaulted but in vain that then held out for the Royall party a considerable number of Foot with Ladders and all things necessary gave an onset but whereas it was reported and beleeved that there was but fortie men in the Castle and eighteen of them unable for service it appeared afterwards that there were sixtie able men therein enough to keep it against a far greater number then was before it so that their Ladders were beaten down and broken with stones timber and â—ase-shot from the flankers and many of the Souldiers both slain and wounded insomuch that it proved a work â—oo hot for the assailants nor was â—here more safety in getting off one or two Boats full of men being sunk by hot from the Castle but how badly soever the businesse succeeded the Souldiers were not in the least wanting in their duties There was executed at Towerhill one that had been a notorious stickler for the Royall party by Sea and Land Brown Bushell beheaded at Towerhill for severall crimes of bloud and treachery acted by him while he was in the service of the Parliament and after his revolt known by the Name of Brown Bushell And now once more let us advance Northward Blacknesse taken by the English and observe the motions of the two Armies The English desirous to gain upon their Adversaries as much as consisted with policy and their own safety with a commanded party under Col. Monk set down before Blacknesse that had much annoyed their Quarters by sheltring loose rogues and otherwise After the batteries were made and some shot spent at it they desired Quarter which considering the strength of the place was granted and the place sorthwith yeelded Oâ— the other side the Scots begun to bâ— both powerfull and numerous to thâ— eye For notwithstanding the many parties and Factions Strifes Aemulations Contentions Divisions Subdivisions Excommunications c. they peec't up an agreement such as it was to the seeming satisfaction of all the dissenters And now they joyn against the common Enemy having their greatest hopes wrapt up in a most notable design and confederacy hatcht by the Royall Covenanters of England and Scotland whereby a generall rising in the County of Lancaster and parts adjacent was contrived who by joyning with a considerable force from Scotland should have been able to confront the greatest power the Parliament then had and this plot had its rise and progresse from the Clergy those feudatories of Rebellion and Treason but by Gods Providence was seasonably discovered the Grand Agent hereof was Thomas Cook of Grayes Inne Esquire who was apprehended and carryed before the Councell of State at White-Hall whence he made his escape but in few dayes after was retaken at a House in the Strand Next discovery was by means of a Ship bound from the North of Scotland to the Isle of Man which by contrary winds was driven into Ayre and there secured and searcht wherein were found many notable Papers giving further light into the businesse Not long after this a Party of Horse and Dragoons marched to Grenock neer Dunbarton where they seized Mr. Birkenhead another Agent for the Royal designs about whom they found such Letters Commissions and Instructions that therein their whole plot was discovered Upon which the Parliament ordered that a considerable body of Horse and Foot should march Northward under the command of Major Generall Harrison both to prevent insurrections and likewise to oppose the Enemy if they should make an inrode by the way of Garlisle At London was under question the most eminent actors in and contributors to the Plot aforesaid viz. Mr. Christopher Love Major Alford Major Adams Col. Barton Mr. Blackmore Mr. Case Mr. Cauton Dr. Drake Mr. Drake Capt. Farr Mr. Gibbons Mr. Haviland Major Huntington Mr. Jenkings Mr. Jaquel Mr. Jackson Lievt Col. Jackson Capt. Mussey Mr. Nalton Capt. Potter Mr. Robinson Mr. Sterks Col. Sowton Col. Vauhan and others of all which there suffered only two Mr. Love and Mr. Gibbons executed viz. Mr. Love and Mr. Gibbons Now Mr. Love although by many circumlocutions sleights and evasions he strived to clear himself yet besides the witnesses of his own party that testified against him he was everted out of his own Narrative as also out of the severall Petitions presented by him to the Parliament in his own behalf after he was condemned which did but procure him a short respit from death for on the 22. of August 1651. he with Mr. Gibbons aforesaid were beheaded on Tower-hill the rest upon their humble Petitions and acknowledgements of their crimes were releast and pardoned And high time it was that such an exemplary piece of justice should be inflicted upon the proud and obdurate Clergy who till then thought themselves out of the reach of Magistratical power and that their Function might cloak their actions but let them know that Magistracy is an Ordinance of God as well as Ministry for there is no power but of
God and the powers that are are ordained of God Therefore it would not be amisse if our Governours in some particulars would imitate the Republique of Venice First By not admitting Ecclesiastical persons into secular Councels because they have relation to another Government viz. Pontificiall 2. By having-a special care to the Pulpit and the Presse that no Church-man from the meanest Priest to the Patriarch dare tamper with the Affairs designs or transactions of the State Howels Survey of the Signiory of Venies It being too well known saith my Author that Church-men are the most perilous and pernicious instruments in a State if they misapply their Talents to poyson the hearts of the people to intoxicate their brains suscitate them to sedition and a mislike of the Government and they have more power to do this in regard they have the sway over the noblest part of the creature the soul and intellectuals therefore if any meddle with State-matters in the Pulpit they are punisht in an extraordinary severe manner and this saith he is alledged for one main reason why the Venetian Republique hath kept their Liberties inviolable and if it shall please God to put it into the hearts of our Governours to take the like course no doubt but we shall have the like blessing There hapned much about this time a petty insurrection in Wales A rising in Wales two or three hundred being got together in behalf of the Scots King whom tell-tale Fame that hath continuall credence with the fickle multitude had possest with pleasing and yet untrue news of the defeating Gen. Cromwell's Army and the advance of the Scots into England which prosperous attempt had an event suitable to the undertaking viz. confusion and destruction The English being now desirous to put a period to the warre in Scotland by gaining a passage over the River into Fife for the facilitating their work and more easie transportation caused severall boats to be made with which they gave many great Alarms to the Enemy on the other side as also to those in Brunt Island in order to what they further intended The Scots also made many infalls upon the out-quarters and Garrisons of the English wherein they had frequently good successe killing some and slaying others having the advantage of the English by their knowledge of the Countrey for prevention whereof orders were given out for drawing off their remotest Garrisons and contracting their Quarters which was done accordingly and the Army put into a marching posture for Fife for which purpose Blacknesse was made their Magazine but the Ground not yet affording either Grasse or Oats the enterprize was further suspended The Scots having compleated their Levies to the Number of 15000 Foot and 6000 Horse marched on this side Sterling to a place called Torwood where they were faced by the English but would not be drawn to an Engagement yet still lay encamped behind bogs and inaccessible fastnesses on purpose to delay the Warre Upon which the English resolved to land some Forces on Fife side The English gain a passage over into Fife and for that end there was drawn out 1600 Foot and four Troops of Horse commanded by Col. Overton who attempted to land at Queens Ferry which on the 17 of July 1651. with the losse of about six men was effected and presently they fell to intrench themselves while this was doing the Lord Gen. Cromwell with his Army marcht close up to the Enemy that in case they had marcht towards Fife he might have engaged their rear before they could have reacht Sterling The Scots receiving the Alarm the same day forthwith sent a considerable party of Horse and Foot to the number of 4000 under Sir John Brown to drive the English out of Fife upon which Gen. Cromwell sent Major Gen. Lambert with two Regiments of Horse and two of Foot to re-enforce the other party who in 24 hours were ferryed over and joyned upon which Col. Okey with his Regiment fell in among the Enemy whereby they were forced to draw into a Battalia as did the English also who were more in number then the Enemy though to equalize that they had greater advantages of ground In this posture they continued facing each other about an hour and half whereupon the English resolved to attempt the Enemy by ascending the Hill which being done after a short dispute the Scots were utterly routed 2000 or thereabouts were slain 4000 of the Scots routed slain and taken and 1400 taken Prisoners whereof Sir John Brown the Commander in chief was one with Col. Buchanan and many others of quality Of the English there was few slain but many wounded A further additional strength of Horse and foot were sent into Fife so to strengthen the English that they might be able to encounter the whole body of the Scots Army if occasion required Immediately upon this Inchigarvey Castle surrendred to the English was surrendred to the English the strong Castle of Inchigarvey situate on a rock in the midst of the Fryth between Queens-Ferry and North-Ferry wherein were 16 pieces of Ordnance July 27. The whole English Army appeared before Brunt Island and sent in a Summons Brunt Island surrendred to the English for rendition thereof unto which the Governour returned a modest answer and the next day accepted a Parley Commissioners on both sides were chosen and after some debate it was agreed that the said Island with all the Provisions Guns and Shipping of Warre should be delivered into the hands of the English c. and that all the Officers and Souldiers in the said Island should march away with Colours flying Matches lighted and Bullet in mouth This place was of much concernment to the English and served for a storehouse of all necessary supplies for the support of their Army Thence the Army marched without stay to St. Johns Town St. Johns Town yeelded to the English a place of great strength and importance into which the enemy had newly boated a Regiment of Foot yet when the English broke down their sluces and let the water out of the Graff the enemies courage failed them so that it was in short space delivered This was no sooner done but the main body of the English Army were constrained to attend more eminent service viz. the pursuit of the Scots King who with an Army of about 16000 Horse and Foot The Scots enter England by the way of Carlisle had slipt into England by the way of Carlisle accordingly most of the Infantry were boated over to Leith with as much expedition as could be and presently after the Horse Orders were immediately given to Major Gen. Lambert to march with 3000 Horse and Dragoons and if he could to get into the rear of the enemy Major Gen. Harrison was ordered likewise to to get into their van to stop them and do what further he thought fit besides these there was about sixteen Regiments of Horse and Foot with
Gen. Cromwell upon their march after the Enemy And to prosecute the affairs of Scotland Liev. Gen. Monk was left with a party of 7000 Horse and Foot who straightway took in the strong Town and Castle of Sterling Aberdeen Abernethy Dundee Dunotter Castle Dunbarton Castle with severall others so that the whole Realme of Scotland was after a passage gained into Fife with little or no difficulty subdued and made tributary to the Republick of England The Scots Army The Scots enter the City of Worcester after many halts and skirmishes long and tedious marches weakned in their bodies and distracted in their minds decreasing rather then increasing at length put into Worcester whence the King sent out his Letters mandatory to Sir Thomas Middleton to raise forces for him and to Col. Mackworth Governour of Shrewsbury to the like purpose as he did to others also but without successe He was likewise proclaimed King of Great Britaine France and Ireland in most places where he came which blast of Honour like Jonah's Gourd quickly vanisht for alas by this project of theirs of coming into England they run themselves into inevitable danger as the Poet sayes Decidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybdim being invironed on all sides with the Militia Forces of the severall Counties of the Nation besides Gen. Cromwels Army they so much dreaded there was likewise a considerable body of Horse and Foot under Major Gen. Lambert and Harrison that attended their motions Col. Robert Lilburne was left in Lancashire to hinder the Earl of Derby from raising Forces in those parts other parties were disposed into severall other places to hinder the enemy of Provision or stop their flight as occasion should be M The Earle of Derby being landed as was expected at Wyewater in Lancashire with about 300 Gentlemen and others endeavoured to raise the Country while the English were busied at Worcester and in short space by the accession of Papists Royalists and discontented Presbyterians they encreased to the number of 1500 Gen. Cromwells Regiment of Foot being then at Manchester was appointed to meet Col. Lilburne at Preston The Earl of Derby routed in Lancashire To prevent this conjunction the enemy bent their course towards Marchester to surprize the said Regiment whereupon Col. Lilburne assay'd to flank the enemy in their march and by that means to joyn with those Foot which the enemy perceived and prest to engage Now though Col. Lilburn was overmatcht with Foot in point of number whereby the dispute proved tedious and difficult yet in the space of an hour the enemy was totally routed many persons of quality were taken as Col. Leg Col. John Robinson Col. Bayns Col. Gerard 4 Lievt Col. 1 Major 4 Captains 2 Lievtenants 20 Gentlemen and Reformadoes 500 Common Souldiers with all their baggage Sumpters Arms and Ammunition the Earl of Derby's George Garter and other Robes with badges of the Order but he himself escaped and recovered Worcester There were slain the Lord Widrington Sir Thomas Tildesly Col. Matth. Boynton Sir William Throgmorton Sir Francis Gamuel with some other inferior Officers and about 60 private Souldiers Of the Parliaments party but ten were slain but many wounded For this piece of service Col. Lilburn was bountifully rewarded as he indeed deserved Gen. Cromwell who by delayes never contributed to approaching dangers with his Army came to Worcester before he was either desired or expected by his Adversaries when as the whole Army was presently disposed about the City in order to a close begirting thereof The first remarkable attempt was the possessing a Passe upon the Severne at a place called Vpton which was done by a party led on by Major Gen. Lambert and was presently made good by Lievt Gen. Fleetwoods Brigade who marched towards the River Teame over which was made a Bridge of Boats and another over Severn on the Generals side upon which the enemy took the Alarme and drew out Horse and Foot to oppose the Lievt Generals passage to whose relief there was commanded over Collonel Inglesbyes and Col. Fairfax Regiments of Foot the Generals Lifeguard and Col. Hackers Regiment of Horse all which were led on by Gen. Cromwell in person then was commanded over likewise Col. Goffs and Major Gen. Deans Regiments who fell to scouring the hedges which the enemy had lined and beat them from hedge to hedge and being seconded by a fresh supply after about an hours sharp dispute the enemy was forced to give ground and fly to Powick Bridge where with about three Regiments more they maintained another hot dispute but at length quitted their ground also and ran into Worcester except some that were taken After which renewing their courage they drew out what Horse and Foot they could on the Generals side thinking most of his Army had been on the other side making a bold and resolute sally whereby the Generalls men were forced a little to retire but the scales presently turned and in such sort that the enemy was totally routed The Scots routed at Worcester Sept. 3. 1651. both Horse and Foot their Works and Fort-Royall were taken and their Canon turned upon themselves the Town also was straightway entred and sacked most of the Scots Infantry were slain and taken but of their Horse above 3000 escaped of which Col. Barton lying about Bewdly with some Horse and Dragoons took neer upon a thousand Col. Lilburne with the Generalls Regiment of Foot met with the Earl of Derby that lately so narrowly mist his hands with the Earl of Lauderdaile and above an hundred persons of quality more In this engagement and the gleanings thereof there were taken prisoners neer 10000 and about 3000 slain Those of Quality taken were Duke Hamilton Earl Lauderdaile Earl of Rothes Earl of Carnwath Earl of Shrewsbury Sir John Packington Sir Charles Cunningham Sir Ralph Clare Lord Spine Lord Sinclare Earl of Cleveland Earl of Derby Earl of Kelly Col. Graves Mr. Richard Fanshaw Secretary to the Scots King 6 Col. of Horse 13 of Foot 9 Lievt Col. of Horse 8 of Foot 6 Majors of Horse 13 Majors of Foot 37 Capt. of Horse 72 Capt. of Foot 55 Quartermasters of Horse 89 Lievtenants of Foot Major Gen. Pitscotty Major Gen. Montgomery the Lievt Gen. of the Ordnance Adjut Generall of the Foot the Marshall Quartermaster Generall and Waggon-master Generall 76 Cornets of Horse 99 Ensigns of Foot 30 of the Kings Servants 9 Ministers 9 Chirurgions 158 Colours the Kings Standard Coach and Horses with other rich goods and his Collar of SS Many Parties were taken besides in severall other places as Warwickshire Shropshire Lancashire Cheshire Yorkshire c. insomuch that few of that great Body escaped but were either killed or taken Major Generall Massey being sorely wounded surrendred himself to the Countesse of Stamford and by the Lord Grey of Groby her Sonne was secured and sent to London whence in short space he made an escape In another place was taken Major Gen.
reason of that so sudden approach and to desire him to retreat with his Army who returned answer that he could do nothing till he heard from the Prince of Orange yet a little after he thought fit to quit his station and retire yet the Deputies of Holland being fast in the Castle of Lovenstaine the Prince of Orange had the advantage of makeing his own conditions which were these 1. That the Town of Amsterdam shall agree with the other six Provinces for continuing the Militia as it is now setled for four or five years 2. That the Prince shall repair to their City at pleasure and be received upon his entry with all respect and reverence as was used in times past to his predecessors Lievtenants of Holland and have access into their Assemblies 3. That the Lords of Amsterdam shall at the next Assembly of the States use their utmost endeavours to allay all jealousies and to reconcile differences in reference to the late action and bury all in oblivion 4. That the Lords Andrew and Cornelius Bicher shall forthwith be removed from Government with respect had to their good Names Integrity and future Security and if after they have had conference with his Highnesse the Prince of Orange he shall persist in his opinion touching them that then they shall be rendred uncapable of any Government hereafter Now though by this means he brought the States under his Lure and subjugated them to his humour yet this was not the prize he run for his greatest hopes and highest thoughts being fixed on that inexhaustible treasure then in the bank at Amsterdam with which he might not only have raised his declining state but also mount to an absolute degree of Soveraignty and Supremacy over that people and likewise might have contributed much towards the repairing the despicable and needy fortunes of his Brother in Law the Scots King to the troubling and disquieting the peace and tranquillity of these three Nations to all which it pleased God of his goodnesse to give a check The State of France had likewise a plentifull share in those incumbrances and common calamities that are incident to Nations and people by reason of forrein and domestique broyls The present Cardinall Mazarine was lookt upon as the very efficient cause of all their civill discords and the only ey-soar of that miserable people not much unlike the late blazing Star of Canterbury in England both Church-men and yet both Statesmen of like interest with their King and of like power over the people both alike emulated by the Nobility for their Greatnesse and of the Commonalty for their grievances But like Fate hath not befell them For this Cardinall is neither out of favour with his Prince nor is he fallen into the hands of the people for though they have often shewed their teeth it hath never been in their power to bite For during the minority of the present King of France Lewis the 14. the sole management of State affairs hath been in the hands of the Queen Regent and her beloved Favourite Cardinall Mazarine at which after some years forbearance the chief of the Nobility uttered their discontents both publickly and privately whereupon three of them were arrested and sent to prison viz. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conde Armant de Bourbon Prince of Conti and the Duke of Longueville this administred fresh occasion to the people to breath out their discontents those of Burdeaux against the Duke of Espernon more especially but all against the Cardinal So that on a sudden the whole Kingdome was inflamed with civill warres and the appurtenances thereunto unto belonging The principal promoters of and actors in those tumults were two famous Amazones the Princesse of Conde and the Dutchesse of Longueville in behalf of their imprisoned husbands Many others of quality appeared also in their behalf and to make themselves the more formidable contracted an underhand bargain with the Spaniard who greedy to fish in such troubled waters supplyed them with considerable summes of money The Parliaments of Burdeaux Paris Dijon Tholouse c. countenanced these designs in opposition to the Cardinall and his creatures So that in short space Armies were raised on both sides Towns garrison'd taken and re-taken many mens lives lost and the Countrey prey'd upon by all parties The Spaniard being not only a fomenter of but an actor in these portentous divisions for by this means he had the opportunity to march to and fro in that Nation without any considerable opposition taking Garrisons and wasting the Countrey at his pleasure These Insurrections after many ebbings and flowings strange Revolutions and transmigrations too tedious here to insert at length produced the liberty of the Princes the withdrawing the Duke of Espernon from Bourdeaux the banishing the Cardinall with all his kindred and si lends from the Court and Kingdome yet was he longer banishing then banished for it was not many moneths ere he returned in great pomp and glory to the extreame grief of his old malecontents and competitors the Prince of Conde the Duke of Orleance and others as appears by the present troubles wherewith that servile people is yet afflicted where praying for their deliverance I shall leave them and return to the more proper subject of this discourse viz. the English affairs in Scotland The moneth of August was neeâ— done and little action performed save the taking of Collington house and Readhall by storm and in it the Lord Hamilton Major Hamilton and sixtie Souldiers 60. Barrels of Pouder 100 Arms great store of Meal Malt Beer Wine and other rich plunder This was done on the 24 of Aug. 1650. The body of the English Army removed forthwith from Pencland Hills to Collington Readhall and other parts within a mile of the whole Army of the Scots on the 27 th both Armies marched side by side a great bog only betwixt them which hindred an engagement yet the Great Guns plaid on both sides Aug. 28. the Canon from the English Camp plaid hard upon the Enemy and greatly annoyed them all which provoked them not to fight but still they kept within the protection of the Bog The English being in some want of Provisions drew off to to their old Quarters at Pencland Hills then with much difficulty to Musâ—leborough to recruit which done they drew off their Forces quitted their Garrisons and marched to Haddington the Scots attending on their right wing fell into their Quarters with a râ—solute Party and were as valiantly repuls'd by a Regiment of Foot commanded by Coll. Fairfax Septemb. 1. The Scots being so advantagiously drawn up at the west end of the Town the English drew Eastward into fair and champion ground fit for both Armies ro engage in but finding after severall hours expectation of the enemies approach that they would not move after them but to dog them to advantages they marched towards Dunbar whither the Scots moved apace after them and at a Pass endeavoured to fall upon the rear
Middleton and Lievt Gen. David Lesley so that I may say the gleanings of this Victory were not much inferior to the harvest thereof Neer this time most of the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland were taken at a place called Ellet in that Nation where they were assembled to propagate the Royall designs viz. Old Gen. Lesley Earl Marshall Lord of Keith Earl of Craford Lord Ogilby Lord Burgoiny Lord Huntly Lord Lee with many Knights Gentlemen and Ministers all which were soon after shipped and sent for England Such was the fate that attended the Scots and their King that he who a few dayes before was proclaimed King of Great Britain had now neither Camp nor Garrison nor lodging to flie unto or safely to repose himself in for shelter 500 l. sterling being offered to any that should detect him which notwithstanding he escaped making a disguised peregrination through City and Country till he met with a fit opportunity for his transportation into France where he now is Yet of the great number of his friends adherents and followers that were taken none of quality suffered but the Earl of Derby Earl of Derby beheaded who was beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire and Sir Tim. Fetherston others of lesse note were executed at Chester Shrewsbury and other places Nor did the Royallists themselves expect any other or better fortune would attend them in this invasion then that you have heard as appears by Duke Hamilton's Letter to Mr. Will-Crofts taken among other Papers a few dayes before the fight the summe whereof follows WE are all laughing at the ridiculousnesse of our condition Duke Hamiltons Letter who having quit Scotland being scarce able to maintain it yet we grasp at all and nothing but all will satisfie us or to lose all I confesse I cannot tell whether our hopes or fears are greatest but we have one stout Argument and that is despair for we must now either shortly fight or die All the Rogues have left us I will not say whether for fear or disloyalty but all now with his Majesty are such as will not dispute his Commands So that you see this undertaking was not the product of a mature and deliberate counsell but of necessity and desperation Soon after this the Parliament took order for reducing the two Islands of Jersey and Man that had been and would still be notable receptacles for the entertaining all manner of Fugitives and disaffected persons In order to which businesse Col. Hayne with about two Regiments of Foot and two Troops of Horse on the 14. of Octob. 1651. were shipt at Weymouth for Jersey they were in all eighty Vessels and set sayl Octob. 17. but a storm forced them in again On the 19 they set sail again and about 12 that night came to an Anchor under Sark Island next morning they bent their course towards Jersey and came to an Anchor in St. Owens Bay next day they sailed and Anchored before St. Brelades Bay when the seas proved so rough that the Fleet was scattered notwithstanding on the 21 it was resolved that an attempt should be made upon the Island that night at St. Owens Bay being necessitated thereunto for want of Horsemeat in few hours after they embarked their men aboard the small Boats Gen Blake and all his Officers were very active in this businesse who about two hours after the floud weighed Anchor cut some of their Cables hoisted sails and stood in for the shoare and were soon aground on the shoare side some at three foot some at four five six seven soot water their men presently leapt out some up to the middle some to the neek and ran ashoare the enemy playing hard upon them with great and small shot and with their Horse gave a hot charge yet after half an hours dispute they fled and left behind them 12 Guns and some Colours at that place after which and that their Horse were landed they marched further into the Island and on the 23. of Octob. possest themselves of three Forts more with two Guns in each they marched on further till they came within sight of Elizabeth Castle under which was a Fort called St. Albans Tower where was 14 Guns the speedy reducement whereof was resolved upon The Island of Jersey reduced and a Summons sent in and in two hours time it was delivered up The next businesse they had to do was to take in Mount Orgueil Castle which upon easie tearms was also surrendred But Elizabeth Castle being a place of farre greater strength was not reduced till the middle of Decemb. following the Governour thereof Sir George Carteret had large tearms granted both to himself and all with him by reason of the marvellous strength and situation thereof which was such as might have cost much blood treasure and time in the gaining of it Octob. 16. 1651. Under Collonell Duckenfield were shipt three Regiments of Foot viz. Gen. Cromwells Regiment commanded by Lievtenant Col. Worsly Major Gen. Dean's Regiment commanded by Lievt Col. Mitchell and Collonel Duckenfields Regiment with two Troops of Horse these were all shipt at Chester and Liverpool for the reducing the Isle of Man and on Octob. 18. they hoisted sail but by contrary winds were driven into the Harbour of Beumorris on the 25. about two in the morning the wind coming about somewhat Southerly with a pretty fresh gale they set sail again and about two or three a clock in the afternoon they had a cleer view of the Calf of Man Castle Rushen Derby Fort Douglas Fort and most part of the Island as also of the Islanders both Horse and Foot in their severall motions mustering up what strength they could when by a sudden storm the Fleet was hindred from coming up any thing neer the shoar upon which they steered their course towards the North end of the Island and with no small difficultie fetcht Ramsey-Bay that night where they cast Anchor and with a small Party saced the Islanders yet was there no shot exchanged Octob 16. came on board an Islander imployed by the chief of that Island to assure the English they should have no opposition in landing but might securely come under their Forts which they had taken possession of for them and that only two Castles held out viz. Castle Rushen and Castle Peele which were kept by the Forces of the Count of Derby now because he had nothing in writing to confirm what he had said he was distrusted wherefore Major Fox was boated into the Island to enquire the truth of what the Islander had reported and forthwith returned with the full confirmation thereof and presently after some came from the Island as Commissioners entreating that their poor Island might be preserved from spoyl and the Inhabitants from undoing by landing only some part of a Regiment or at the utmost but a Regiment upon which they would bring Provisions at a marketable rate to the shoar The Isle of Man reduced to supply the
the fight with much resolution and gallantry Sir George and about six other Ships charging through the whole body of the enemies Fleet received much hurt in their Hulls Masts Sails and Rigging yet did they tack-about weather them and charge them all again and continued thus engaged in the body of the enemies Fleet till it was dark night and had not the rest of the English Captains failed to do their duties this Dutch Fleet in all likelihood had been wholly defeated In this engagement the English had some slain and some wounded but of note they lost only Captain Pack whose Leg being shot off he dyed soon after of it who was an honest and valiant Seaman there was wounded Captain Lisle and Captain Witheridge a Fire-ship of theirs was sunk also two other Ships of the enemies were supposed to be sunk but what other losse they received an accompt could not be had the darknesse of the night put a period to the dispute Both Fleets retire so that the Dutch stood away for the Coasts of France and the English for the Port of Plimouth to repair their Masts and Rigging without which they could no further prosecute the enemy During this engagement Gen. Blake came from the Northward into the Downs where there fell into his hands about six more considerable Dutch Prizes and sent some Frigots to the Westward to reinforce Sir George Ayscues Fleet. Presently after this Capt. Penn with a squadron of Ships hovering about the Coasts of France surprized six Ships more belonging to the Dutch which had been in the Duke of Venice service and were now returned richly laden all stout Ships of Warre and of great burthen Sept. 5. The English Fleet under Gen. Blake riding in the Downs receiving intelligence of a French Fleet weighed Anchor and stood over for the French Coasts about five of the clock they descryed them weighing Anchor in Calice road thinking by that means to escape the night approaching the English chased them as farre as they durst for the Sands of Dunkirk took most of them and about midnight gave over The Names of those taken were as follows The Triton commanded by Chevalier de Verdiel a Ship of 31 Guns in which was Monsieur Bimulet Commander in Chief of all the Fleet. The Shepheard commanded by Chevalier Boymerant of 29 Guus The Gift of God commanded by Chevalier de la Charta of 30 Guns The Dutchess commanded by Monsieur de la Roch of 22 Guns The Crescent commanded by Monsieur de la Viel Dean of 26 Guns The Hunter commanded by Monsieur de la Gicleck of 22 Guns The St. Lewis commanded by Monsieur de la Gory of 28 Guns A small Frigot of eight Guns Six Fireships This French Fleet was bound to touch at Calice there to take in Provisions and Men for the Relief of Dunkirk but the English thus intercepting them the Dunkirkers despaired of any relief and yeelded it up to the Spaniards the like also did Graveling this did in part retaliate for those great losses and injuries the English had sustained from the French Sep. 27. The Fight between the Dutch and the English Fleets called The Kentish knock Gen. Blake with his Fleet discovered on the backside of Goodwin Sands about 60 saile of Dutch men of Warre under the command of Admirall De Wit on the 28. Gen. Blake with his Fleet got under saile and bore in among the enemy but being upon a Sand called the Kentish Knock under which the Dutch placed themselves that the English might be mischieved if they should endeavour the weather-gage they found they had not three fathom water insomuch that the General 's Ship the Soveraign the Resolution the Andrew and others were on ground but without any harm they all got presently off fell to the businesse again and staid by the enemy till night parted After this dispute the Dutch abode all night at some distance to Leeward of the English as if they had an intention to engage again Next morning Sep. 29. at day break the Dutch Fleet was seen about two Leagues Northeast of the English who though there was but little wind and various bore after them all the forenoon but the wind coming to North and B. West they could not get up to them yet some of the best Frigots were commanded to bear up as neer the Dutch as they could and to keep them in play till the rest of the Fleet could get up and with much adoe about three a clock got within shot of the enemy who fearing that by degrees The Dutch are shamefully worsted the English Fleet would get within them set up their main Sailes and ran for it after whom about ten Frigots had the chase till six a clock that night Next morning Sept. 30. the English bore after them again with a fresh gale at S. W. and pursued them untill they had sight of West-Gabell in Zealand and saw them run into Goree Hereupon the English concluded at a Councel of Warre not to run further upon the Coasts of Holland as well to avoid the shallowes as because of the want of Provision in the Fleet. The losse that the Dutch apparently sustained was that three of their Ships were disabled in the first encounter all their Masts being cut down others of them lost their heads and others their Boltsprit-masts and Yards the Dutch Rear-Admirall being towed by a Fly-boat of 32 Guns was boarded by the None-such Frigot with 30 men and the Fly boat with 30 more but there being water in the Hold and wanting Masts and Sails he took the Rear-Admiral the Captain and about 80 men out of them and left the Vessels with the dead men floating in the Sea Of the English the losse was not great about fortie being slain and about forty wounded in such shamefull sort were the Dutch defeated who were so mighty at Sea that they were a terror to the whole Universe The fame of this unhappy breach between two such Potent States quickly spread it self into all places that were any whit eminent for trade or commerce and the effects thereof were both seen and heard in the Mediterraan Sea as well as in the English Channel whither the English had sent severall Ships of Warre to secure their Merchants from the French Pirates of Toulon Marsellis c. A squadron whereof of four saile viz. The Paragon Four English men of Warre are worsted by eleven Dutch men of Warre in the Straights Phoenix Constant Warwick and Elizabeth having under convoy three Merchants Ships two from Scandarone and one from Smyrna met with eleven saile of Dutch men of Warre who presently came up with the English and began the engagement but night came on and parted them next morning the Dutch began again and found as hot work as can be imagined from so small a number two of their main top-Masts being shot down and one of their Ships fired The Phoenix Frigot is taken by