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provide_v than_o himself_o spinola_n his_o circumvallation_n at_o breda_n in_o the_o year_n spinola_n spinola_n 1625_o and_o 1626._o give_v we_o ground_n enough_o to_o believe_v those_o of_o great_a caesar_n to_o be_v true_a but_o methinks_v the_o nervian_o far_o surpass_v they_o all_o who_o as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o caesar_n five_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n have_v learned_a something_o of_o fortification_n from_o some_o prisoner_n or_o fugitive_n roman_n besiege_v cicero_n one_o of_o caesar_n legate_n in_o his_o winter_n quarter_n where_o they_o make_v a_o circumvallation_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n circumference_n the_o rampart_n eleven_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n fifteen_o foot_n broad_a or_o deep_a without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o tool_n except_o their_o sword_n wherewith_o they_o cut_v the_o turf_n and_o sod_n and_o their_o headpiece_n and_o hand_n wherewith_o they_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o hour_n a_o action_n so_o 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chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their_o officer_n how_o the_o ancient_n and_o illustrious_a roman_n divide_v their_o foot_n into_o heavy_a and_o light_a and_o how_o both_o be_v arm_v i_o have_v sufficient_o inform_v you_o but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o say_v they_o have_v no_o light_n arm_v foot_n till_o hannibal_n time_n i_o know_v no_o authority_n for_o this_o it_o be_v true_a livius_n say_v in_o his_o twenty_o six_o book_n that_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n when_o it_o stand_v for_o hannibal_n be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v foot_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o horse_n but_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o light_n arm_v foot_n before_o that_o siege_n of_o capua_n the_o truth_n of_o that_o affair_n be_v this_o the_o capuan_n at_o their_o sally_n ordinary_o worsted_n horse_n velite_n mix_v with_o horse_n the_o roman_a horse_n till_o one_o navius_n a_o centurion_n make_v a_o proposition_n that_o in_o such_o rencounter_v the_o horseman_n shall_v take_v darter_n on_o the_o croup_n of_o their_o horse_n which_o be_v do_v now_o when_o the_o besiege_a sally_v and_o come_v up_o to_o the_o roman_a horse_n the_o velite_n alight_v and_o run_v before_o the_o horseman_n throw_v their_o dart_n whereof_o they_o be_v order_v to_o have_v seven_a at_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o retire_v to_o their_o own_o horse_n have_v do_v as_o may_v be_v suppose_v so_o much_o mischief_n to_o the_o hannibalians_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o such_o disorder_n that_o the_o roman_a horse_n often_o have_v a_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o navius_n may_v well_o have_v be_v the_o first_o roman_n that_o think_v of_o this_o way_n of_o fight_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n mix_v together_o but_o it_o be_v practise_v long_o before_o his_o time_n by_o the_o great_a alexander_n and_o other_o and_o caesar_n bear_v witness_v that_o long_o after_o navius_n ariâ—vistus_n king_n of_o the_o german_n use_v and_o practise_v it_o who_o learn_v it_o not_o from_o navius_n or_o any_o other_o roman_n in_o the_o world_n lipsius_n think_v that_o in_o caesar_n time_n there_o be_v no_o velite_n and_o i_o be_o content_a to_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a enough_o that_o when_o caesar_n live_v there_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a army_n slinger_n darter_n and_o archer_n all_o which_o be_v velites_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o be_v but_o auxiliary_n for_o after_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n be_v make_v burgess_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o rome_n itself_o be_v mistress_n not_o only_o of_o all_o italy_n but_o many_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o can_v for_o her_o money_n get_v mercenary_n when_o she_o please_v it_o be_v probable_a the_o roman_n make_v no_o election_n but_o of_o heavy_a arm_v or_o legionary_n but_o the_o reason_n lipsius_n give_v for_o his_o opinion_n will_v not_o prove_v the_o thing_n it_o be_v this_o caesar_n sometime_o interline_v his_o cavalry_n with_o antesignani_fw-la now_o these_o be_v heavy_a arm_v therefore_o he_o have_v no_o velite_n but_o this_o will_v not_o follow_v for_o why_o may_v not_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n fight_v among_o the_o horse_n as_o well_o as_o the_o horse_n many_o time_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v among_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n for_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o consul_n pleasure_n to_o bring_v some_o foot_n from_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n or_o some_o horse_n from_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o battle_n a_o thing_n frequent_o practise_v these_o velite_n have_v their_o denomination_n a_o velocitate_fw-la from_o swiftness_n in_o time_n of_o service_n or_o battle_n they_o be_v sometime_o employ_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o marshal_v velites_n where_o marshal_v in_o the_o flank_n but_o for_o most_o part_n in_o the_o van_n and_o when_o they_o be_v overmastered_a they_o retire_v to_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o legionary_n some_o apprehend_v that_o in_o their_o retreat_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o three_o body_n the_o first_o behind_o the_o hastati_fw-la the_o second_o behind_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o three_o behind_o the_o triarii_n but_o assure_o they_o be_v mistake_v for_o after_o the_o velite_n have_v quit_v the_o field_n the_o heavy_a arm_v begin_v the_o combat_n first_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o they_o be_v worsted_n retire_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o this_o they_o can_v not_o do_v feasible_o if_o a_o body_n of_o velite_n stand_v between_o they_o and_o the_o principes_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o principes_fw-la retire_v to_o the_o triarii_n if_o another_o body_n of_o velite_n stand_v between_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o when_o the_o velite_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o the_o field_n they_o retire_v straight_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o triarii_n through_o the_o direct_a interval_n of_o all_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v
can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n but_o he_o conclude_v at_o eight_o deep_a eight_o hundred_o horse_n will_v take_v up_o in_o deep_a persian_a horse_n eight_o deep_a front_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v one_o furlong_n and_o consequent_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n need_v to_o have_v for_o their_o front_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n that_o be_v ten_o furlong_n and_o therefore_o darius_n his_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n be_v eight_o deep_a will_v in_o front_n have_v possess_v of_o ground_n four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o pace_n more_o than_o thirty_o seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n and_o these_o will_v make_v more_o than_o four_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o as_o much_o ground_n calisthenes_n must_v have_v allow_v to_o his_o mercenary_n observe_v here_o that_o polybius_n allow_v for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n in_o front_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v more_o than_o six_o foot_n for_o a_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o for_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o side-man_n but_o if_o polybius_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v marshal_v eight_o be_v we_o know_v not_o how_o deep_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v deep_a than_o vegetius_n his_o thirty_o two_o rider_n will_v do_v better_a than_o polybius_n his_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n because_o thirty_o two_o will_v make_v four_o file_n complete_o whereas_o thirty_o make_v but_o three_o file_n of_o eight_o and_o a_o break_a one_o of_o six_o in_o such_o a_o mist_n do_v these_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n leave_v we_o out_o of_o which_o neither_o accurate_a lipsius_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o read_n have_v offer_v to_o guide_v we_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n ten_o deep_a might_n hauâ—_n do_v well_o and_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o polybius_n mean_v so_o when_o he_o appoint_v three_o decurion_n to_o be_v file-leader_n and_o 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effeminate_a for_o ride_v on_o saddle_n and_o yet_o these_o very_a saddle_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o cover_v make_v of_o some_o piece_n of_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n rich_a or_o mean_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o rider_n or_o at_o best_o of_o some_o bundle_n tie_v together_o for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o horseman_n without_o either_o iron_n or_o timber_n in_o it_o as_o our_o saddle_n have_v neither_o have_v any_o of_o they_o ancient_a saddle_n not_o ancient_a any_o stirrup_n to_o ease_v the_o rider_n leg_n for_o these_o come_v first_o in_o fashion_n in_o nero_n time_n if_o lipsius_n his_o observation_n hold_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o be_v use_v before_o be_v but_o a_o ladder_n of_o cord_n wood_n or_o iron_n to_o help_v the_o horseman_n to_o mount_v his_o horse_n if_o he_o be_v age_a indispose_a sick_a or_o lame_a and_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v on_o horseback_n the_o ladder_n be_v remove_v perhaps_o not_o unlike_a to_o those_o iron_n ladder_n of_o two_o or_o three_o step_n high_a use_v over_o all_o the_o netherlands_o for_o passenger_n to_o get_v up_o to_o their_o wagon_n history_n tell_v we_o that_o masinissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n when_o he_o be_v fourscore_o year_n old_a or_o near_o that_o age_n can_v mount_v his_o horse_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o stirrup_n or_o ladder_n and_o certain_o not_o only_o the_o roman_n but_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v teach_v to_o get_v on_o horseback_n without_o any_o of_o they_o as_o now_o youth_n be_v teach_v in_o academy_n and_o do_v ride_v inure_v to_o it_o by_o custom_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n without_o stirrup_n as_o we_o do_v now_o with_o they_o the_o roman_n sometime_o cause_v their_o cavalry_n to_o unbridle_v their_o horse_n to_o horse_n to_o charge_v with_o unbridle_a horse_n make_v a_o furious_a charge_n which_o often_o succeed_v well_o livy_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n say_v it_o be_v practise_v against_o the_o volscian_n with_o success_n and_o in_o his_o forty_o book_n he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o celtiberian_n fight_v in_o spain_n against_o the_o roman_a praetor_n fulvius_n wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v very_o near_a worsted_n the_o enemy_n have_v cast_v himself_o in_o a_o wedge_n at_o which_o manner_n of_o fight_n he_o be_v think_v almost_o invincible_a bear_v down_o all_o before_o he_o till_o the_o praetor_n tell_v his_o horseman_n that_o charge_v desperate_o on_o unbridled_a horse_n may_v recover_v the_o victory_n for_o say_v he_o formerly_z such_o a_o practice_n have_v produce_v good_a effect_n the_o cavalry_n obey_v his_o order_n and_o by_o a_o furious_a charge_n with_o lance_n rout_v the_o celtiberian_n such_o a_o command_n in_o our_o time_n will_v be_v account_v both_o unpracticable_a and_o ridiculous_a yet_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o horse_n be_v so_o teach_v and_o manage_v then_o that_o they_o will_v obey_v their_o master_n without_o bridle_n and_o this_o we_o may_v suppose_v not_o to_o be_v impossible_a the_o rider_n make_v use_n of_o his_o hand_n but_o true_o i_o think_v it_o something_o strange_a to_o read_v that_o julius_n caesar_n can_v ride_v great_a horseman_n julius_n caesar_n a_o expert_a horseman_n horse_n without_o a_o bridle_n at_o the_o full_a gallop_n with_o his_o hand_n clasp_v together_o behind_o his_o back_n sometime_o the_o roman_a general_n when_o they_o see_v a_o enemy_n prevail_v have_v bring_v their_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v afoot_a with_o their_o sword_n this_o both_o reinforce_v the_o battle_n and_o mighty_o encourage_v the_o foot_n by_o see_v that_o those_o who_o may_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n resolve_v to_o live_v and_o die_v with_o they_o author_n do_v not_o inform_v we_o how_o they_o dispose_v of_o their_o horse_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n combat_n but_o i_o shall_v imagine_v they_o do_v not_o let_v they_o go_v whither_o they_o please_v but_o either_o appoint_v their_o servant_n if_o they_o have_v any_o or_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o look_v after_o they_o and_o i_o suppose_v also_o they_o alight_v before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v for_o shun_v confusion_n and_o put_v their_o own_o foot_n in_o disorder_n caesar_n before_o he_o begin_v his_o battle_n with_o the_o swisser_n make_v all_o his_o horseman_n dismount_v and_o appoint_v they_o their_o fooâ—_n horseman_n fight_v on_o fooâ—_n station_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v afoot_a and_o to_o show_v they_o a_o good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o himself_n and_o send_v away_o all_o the_o horse_n a_o good_a way_n from_o his_o army_n thereby_o to_o encourage_v his_o legionary_a foot_n and_o make_v his_o horseman_n know_v that_o their_o safety_n depend_v only_o on_o their_o own_o valour_n but_o i_o believe_v he_o give_v order_n that_o the_o horse_n shall_v be_v bring_v back_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v perceive_v to_o fly_v for_o we_o find_v he_o and_o his_o cavalry_n be_v soon_o remount_v and_o follow_v the_o chase_n very_o far_o and_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v believe_v also_o that_o he_o keep_v some_o on_o horseback_n by_o he_o to_o carry_v all_o the_o direction_n he_o give_v to_o the_o several_a body_n of_o his_o army_n in_o time_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o himself_o fight_v on_o foot_n can_v not_o perform_v gracchus_n betray_v by_o his_o host_n be_v environ_v by_o a_o ambush_n of_o hannibalians_n alight_v and_o fight_v well_o for_o his_o life_n though_o he_o lose_v it_o but_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v rather_o have_v hazard_v to_o break_v through_o on_o horseback_n to_o get_v to_o his_o own_o party_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o since_o death_n will_v still_o have_v be_v
the_o worst_a of_o it_o this_o story_n you_o may_v read_v in_o livy_n twenty_o five_o book_n though_o this_o practice_n succeed_v well_o sometime_o yet_o be_v it_o unfortunate_o attempt_v by_o the_o consul_n aemilius_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n for_o after_o asdrubal_n have_v rout_v he_o and_o his_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o make_v his_o horseman_n alight_v and_o fight_v on_o foot_n among_o the_o legionary_n as_o livy_n tell_v we_o in_o that_o twenty_o five_o book_n and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o hannibal_n that_o great_a captain_n do_v not_o approve_v this_o custom_n for_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o it_o be_v tell_v he_o what_o the_o roman_a consul_n have_v do_v he_o shall_v have_v smile_v and_o say_v he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o i_o bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o if_o in_o our_o modern_a militia_n this_o can_v be_v advantageous_o practise_v be_v the_o arm_n of_o our_o horse_n and_o foot_n differ_v very_o much_o 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warlike_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n the_o say_v charles_n command_v many_o of_o his_o gentleman_n who_o be_v man_n at_o arm_n to_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o join_v in_o fight_n with_o his_o archer_n of_o foot_n which_o action_n say_v the_o author_n be_v honourable_a and_o encourage_v other_o and_o this_o custom_n say_v the_o same_o philip_n the_o burgundian_n have_v learn_v from_o the_o english_a when_o both_o of_o they_o be_v confederate_n wage_v war_n together_o against_o france_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o two_o year_n without_o any_o truce_n the_o custom_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o mix_v foot_n with_o horse_n begin_v at_o the_o together_o horse_n and_o foot_n mix_v together_o siege_n of_o capua_n be_v so_o frequent_a afterward_o that_o i_o need_v not_o give_v many_o instance_n of_o it_o caesar_n seldom_o fail_v to_o do_v it_o when_o vercingentorix_n have_v raise_v all_o gaul_n about_o his_o ear_n he_o send_v for_o german_a horse_n and_o foot_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o fight_v one_o in_o company_n of_o the_o other_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o his_o gallic_a war._n in_o thessaly_n find_v himself_o far_o inferior_a in_o horse_n to_o pompey_n he_o constant_o mix_v some_o of_o his_o antesignani_fw-la who_o be_v legionary_n and_o heavy_a caesar_n practise_v by_o caesar_n arm_v and_o of_o the_o young_a sort_n and_o so_o more_o able_a to_o march_v and_o run_v with_o his_o horse_n who_o become_v so_o expert_a in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n that_o as_o himself_o witness_v in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n two_o hundred_o of_o his_o horse_n join_v with_o the_o like_a number_n of_o these_o foot_n be_v not_o afraid_a to_o buckle_v with_o thousand_o of_o his_o enemy_n cavalry_n and_o it_o be_v with_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n that_o he_o make_v that_o honourable_a retreat_n of_o he_o from_o dirrachium_n in_o spite_n of_o pompey_n whole_a army_n that_o pursue_v he_o and_o it_o be_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o six_o cohort_n of_o his_o triarian_a foot_n that_o his_o horse_n beat_v his_o competitor_n cavalry_n at_o pharsalia_n and_o get_v he_o the_o victory_n as_o himself_o both_o confess_v and_o foretell_v at_o vzita_n in_o africa_n when_o he_o offer_v to_o fight_v against_o scipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n he_o draw_v up_o all_o his_o cavalry_n on_o his_o left_a wing_n and_o with_o they_o mix_v all_o his_o light_a arm_a foot_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v auxiliary_n the_o german_a horseman_n german_n and_o by_o the_o ancient_a german_n use_v every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o choose_v a_o footman_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v stout_a strong_a and_o swift_a these_o footman_n either_o skirmish_v before_o the_o horse_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v at_o capua_n or_o fight_v in_o company_n with_o they_o or_o stand_v at_o a_o distance_n behind_o they_o that_o the_o horse_n may_v retire_v to_o they_o and_o if_o both_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n than_o the_o footman_n lay_v hold_v on_o the_o mane_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o with_o that_o help_n run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horse_n gallop_v till_o both_o come_v to_o their_o main_a body_n of_o all_o which_o caesar_n inform_v we_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o gallic_a war._n and_o this_o manner_n of_o fight_n be_v practise_v by_o ariovistus_n king_n of_o germany_n and_o by_o vercingentorix_n we_o find_v in_o history_n that_o when_o the_o roman_n be_v to_o give_v battle_n assist_v by_o marshal_v roman_a cavalry_n how_o marshal_v their_o ally_n for_o most_o part_n their_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v on_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o their_o army_n and_o the_o ally_n on_o the_o left_a so_o at_o cannae_n paulus_n aemilius_n stand_v on_o the_o right_a wing_n with_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o the_o consul_n varro_n on_o the_o left_a with_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o ally_n once_o scipio_n at_o zama_n give_v the_o right_a wing_n to_o masanissa_n king_n of_o the_o numidian_n and_o appoint_v lelius_n to_o command_v the_o left_a wing_n compose_v of_o roman_a horse_n but_o when_o they_o fight_v without_o ally_n than_o their_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o both_o wing_n and_o sometime_o as_o i_o have_v say_v interline_v with_o foot_n but_o scarce_o or_o rather_o never_o do_v i_o read_v in_o any_o ancient_a history_n that_o they_o be_v marshal_v by_o troop_n among_o the_o legionary_a foot_n whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n and_o how_o the_o same_o vegetius_n contradict_v polybius_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o roman_a horseman_n guard_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o guard_n and_o round_n chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n horn-winders_a and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la since_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o know_v to_o what_o martial_a instrument_n or_o sound_v both_o shall_v hearken_v i_o find_v tubicines_n these_o be_v trumpeter_n cornicine_n these_o be_v horn-winders_a and_o buccinatores_fw-la who_o i_o think_v use_v the_o horn_n of_o cow_n and_o ox_n and_o the_o classicuâ—_n all_o these_o be_v common_a to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n neither_o have_v the_o one_o any_o title_n to_o pretend_v to_o either_o of_o these_o more_o than_o the_o other_o have_v nor_o be_v any_o of_o they_o peculiar_a to_o the_o one_o more_o than_o to_o the_o other_o though_o now_o the_o horse_n troop_n appropriate_v the_o trumpet_n to_o themselves_o as_o the_o foot_n do_v the_o drum_n the_o trumpet_n be_v a_o ancient_a instrument_n of_o war_n at_o first_o and_o i_o believe_v for_o trumpeter_n trumpeter_n many_o age_n make_v of_o brass_n hence_o the_o poet_n aere_fw-la ciere_fw-la virâ—s_fw-la though_o the_o luxury_n of_o after-age_n make_v their_o composition_n of_o silver_n we_o find_v they_o be_v common_a to_o
velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o polybius_n who_o lipsius_n follow_v consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n and_o these_o be_v ten_o deep_a constitute_v twelve_o file_n these_o have_v eleven_o interval_n every_o one_o of_o which_o being_n three_o foot_n make_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v twelve_o to_o that_o for_o the_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o aggregate_v maniples_n true_a interval_n between_o maniples_n be_v forty_o five_o foot_n and_o if_o you_o allow_v but_o two_o foot_n for_o every_o interval_n between_o file_n the_o interval_n between_o two_o maniple_n must_v be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o can_v allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o interval_n than_o that_o which_o a_o body_n possess_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o stand_v in_o that_o interval_n hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v of_o forty_o five_o foot_n or_o thirty_o four_o at_o least_o and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n of_o ninety_o foot_n or_o sixty_o eight_o at_o least_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o maniple_n of_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o clear_n this_o point_n of_o distance_n i_o have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o prolix_a and_o have_v use_v repetition_n which_o i_o condemn_v in_o other_o but_o be_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n how_o it_o be_v marshal_v or_o of_o any_o other_o army_n unless_o you_o know_v the_o interval_n i_o have_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o spend_v a_o little_a paper_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o indeed_o we_o be_v leave_v as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v so_o in_o this_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o have_v i_o be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n for_o his_o extravagant_a conjecture_n of_o roman_a interval_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v till_o a_o little_a before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n after_o that_o you_o shall_v read_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o than_o they_o be_v all_o make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o reckon_v to_o be_v of_o one_o incorporation_n the_o difference_n between_o ally_n and_o auxiliary_n be_v the_o first_o can_v only_a be_v italian_n the_o second_o be_v of_o any_o other_o nation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o ally_n that_o join_v with_o lucullâ—â—_n sylla_n pompâ—y_n caesar_n anthony_n vespasian_n and_o his_o son_n titus_n yet_o we_o find_v their_o army_n mighty_o strengthen_v by_o auxiliary_n but_o indeed_o the_o roman_n do_v but_o fool_n some_o of_o the_o italian_a town_n and_o republic_n with_o the_o goodly_a show_n of_o alliance_n and_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o socii_fw-la whereas_o true_o they_o use_v they_o no_o better_a than_o vassal_n oblige_v use_v roman_n ally_n ill_o use_v they_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o their_o ambitious_a design_n with_o as_o many_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o senate_n please_v to_o impose_v on_o they_o and_o to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n except_o a_o little_a proviant_a which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o same_o ally_n they_o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n hence_o come_v these_o many_o grievance_n of_o the_o confederated_a town_n mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o once_o a_o total_a rapture_n of_o the_o latin_n from_o they_o till_o after_o much_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_n hannibal_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o the_o great_a king_n of_o syria_n antiochus_n we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o of_o their_o army_n that_o be_v not_o pvissant_o assist_v by_o their_o ally_n the_o number_n either_o as_o to_o foot_n or_o horse_n ally_n number_n of_o the_o ally_n of_o which_o that_o assistance_n consist_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v eleven_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n which_o make_v also_o eleven_o thousand_o foot_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o both_o of_o they_o together_o and_o then_o several_o to_o each_o of_o they_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v livy_n and_o till_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o more_o authentic_a historian_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v give_v he_o the_o lie_n so_o broad_o this_o author_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o hannibal_n come_v to_o italy_n cor._n scipio_n and_o sempronius_n levy_v six_o legion_n of_o roman_n each_o of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o cast_v up_o the_o total_a of_o they_o to_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o ally_n say_v he_o forty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
likewise_o but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o every_o troop_n of_o the_o ally_n there_o be_v forty_o rider_n but_o in_o the_o roman_a troop_n there_o be_v only_o thirty_o thus_o be_v the_o gross_a or_o bulk_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n marshal_v as_o to_o the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la of_o the_o ally_n polybius_n have_v tell_v we_o no_o more_o than_o uncertain_a station_n of_o the_o extraordinary_n uncertain_a what_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n that_o they_o be_v encamp_v beside_o the_o consul_n and_o be_v to_o be_v near_o he_o in_o the_o field_n and_o to_o wait_v on_o the_o treasurer_n also_o but_o we_o be_v leave_v by_o he_o and_o other_o to_o conjecture_v how_o in_o what_o particular_a place_n or_o place_n they_o be_v ordain_v to_o fight_v and_o true_o i_o shall_v be_v easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v that_o sometime_o the_o consul_n place_v three_o hundred_o of_o the_o ally_n extraordinary_a horse_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n and_o so_o make_v that_o wing_n strong_a by_o one_o hundred_o than_o the_o other_o for_o otherwise_o the_o left_a wing_n have_v be_v two_o hundred_o strong_a than_o the_o right_n the_o four_o hundred_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a horse_n terduzzi_n will_v have_v to_o stay_v with_o the_o consul_n and_o probable_o they_o do_v so_o the_o ally_n extraordinary_a foot_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a squadron_n one_o whereof_o stand_v between_o the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o right-hand_a of_o the_o battle_n the_o second_o squadron_n stand_v on_o the_o left-hand_a of_o the_o second_o roman_a legion_n between_o it_o and_o the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n thus_o lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v and_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v probable_a enough_o that_o it_o be_v so_o yet_o i_o doubt_v none_o of_o these_o two_o can_v tell_v i_o who_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v so_o in_o another_o place_n lipsius_n think_v that_o both_o the_o evocati_fw-la and_o extraordinarii_fw-la at_o the_o consul_n command_n join_v with_o the_o triarii_n to_o reinforce_v the_o battle_n and_o true_o this_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o the_o question_n be_v where_o they_o stand_v before_o they_o be_v command_v to_o join_v with_o the_o triarii_n for_o as_o lipsius_n marshal_n they_o in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o triarii_n they_o will_v hinder_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la to_o join_v with_o the_o triarii_n what_o terduzzi_n say_v on_o this_o subject_n i_o suppose_v he_o have_v out_o of_o lipsius_n for_o though_o they_o be_v coetaneous_a yet_o i_o find_v lipsius_n often_o cite_v by_o terduzzi_n but_o i_o shall_v wrong_v none_o of_o they_o if_o i_o say_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o in_o this_o particular_a have_v more_o warrant_n than_o their_o own_o leves_fw-la conjecture_n &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la as_o lipsius_n call_v they_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v vegetius_n in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n the_o consul_n shall_v have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la both_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o environ_v and_o surround_v the_o enemy_n leave_v wing_n if_o you_o ask_v i_o why_o the_o consul_n may_v not_o as_o well_o have_v surround_v the_o enemy_n right_a wing_n as_o his_o left_a i_o must_v answer_v you_o that_o vegetius_n have_v keep_v up_o the_o reason_n from_o we_o as_o a_o secret_a in_o that_o same_o chapter_n vegetius_n say_v that_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_n shall_v stand_v between_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o foot_n as_o a_o fit_a place_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v take_v up_o his_o measure_n and_o encourage_v and_o relieve_v both_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n fix_v he_o to_o the_o aquila_n or_o the_o eagle_n on_o the_o right_a battle_n station_n of_o a_o roman_a consul_n in_o battle_n hand_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n but_o polybius_n say_v in_o that_o battle_n i_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o scipio_n give_v the_o right_a wing_n to_o masanissa_n and_o the_o leave_v to_o lâ—lius_n to_o command_v it_o will_v seem_v then_o that_o himself_o stay_v with_o the_o foot_n and_o so_o indeed_o he_o do_v for_o he_o cause_v a_o retreat_n to_o be_v sound_v to_o the_o hastati_fw-la that_o he_o may_v advance_v with_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o since_o i_o may_v guess_v as_o well_o as_o other_o i_o suppose_v he_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o consequent_o beside_o the_o eagle_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n and_o assure_o that_o part_n be_v direct_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o army_n it_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n the_o only_a proper_a place_n for_o a_o captain-general_n but_o when_o two_o consul_n be_v join_v together_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o ordinary_o the_o one_o command_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o other_o the_o left_a so_o it_o be_v at_o cannae_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v by_o hannibal_n so_o it_o be_v at_o vesuvius_n where_o manlius_n get_v the_o victory_n over_o the_o latin_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o colleague_n decius_n so_o it_o be_v at_o metaurus_n where_o nero_n and_o livy_n defeat_v and_o kill_v asdrubal_n but_o indeed_o where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o consul_n or_o general_n he_o seldom_o tie_v himself_o to_o one_o place_n but_o ride_v where_o he_o see_v his_o presence_n be_v most_o needful_a so_o do_v that_o manlius_n i_o just_a now_o mention_v so_o do_v caesar_n and_o so_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a captain_n and_o it_o have_v be_v no_o prejudice_n either_o to_o lipsius_n or_o terduzzi_n to_o have_v suffer_v a_o consul_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n to_o have_v stand_v where_o he_o please_v either_o beside_o the_o first_o eagle_n or_o the_o second_o or_o beside_o none_o of_o they_o vegetius_n in_o the_o nine_o ten_o and_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o some_o more_o office_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n than_o polybius_n do_v and_o these_o be_v three_o praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la praefâ—ctus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la it_o be_v strange_a we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o these_o three_o great_a commander_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o have_v the_o two_o last_o as_o by_o the_o description_n of_o their_o officer_n the_o reader_n will_v quick_o conceive_v as_o to_o the_o first_o polybius_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o army_n other_o general_a officer_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n he_o and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o officer_n in_o his_o time_n he_o neither_o can_v or_o will_v have_v pass_v he_o when_o he_o give_v we_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n and_o more_o especial_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o tribune_n receive_v the_o word_n or_o tessera_fw-la from_o the_o consul_n and_o give_v it_o to_o the_o centurion_n and_o that_o the_o say_v tribune_n take_v on_o they_o to_o judge_n and_o give_v definitive_a sentence_n in_o their_o legion_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o praefectus_fw-la above_o they_o so_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v be_v a_o new_a officer_n create_v after_o the_o emperor_n come_v in_o play_n this_o fraefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la this_o brigadier_n or_o this_o legionary_a colonel_n for_o i_o legion_n praefectus_fw-la legion_n know_v not_o how_o to_o english_a it_o according_a to_o vegetius_n his_o description_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n be_v a_o officer_n of_o great_a experience_n be_v obey_v by_o all_o the_o tribune_n centurion_n and_o soldier_n the_o care_n of_o man_n horse_n clothes_n legion_n colonel_n of_o the_o legion_n and_o arm_n belong_v to_o he_o by_o his_o order_n they_o be_v drill_v and_o train_v and_o by_o his_o authority_n the_o soldier_n be_v punish_v for_o their_o misdemeanour_n by_o the_o tribune_n but_o mark_v it_o he_o have_v only_o this_o power_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o legate_n and_o as_o his_o deputy_n legato_n absente_a &_o tanquam_fw-la ejus_fw-la vicario_n say_v vegetiuâ—_n now_o if_o every_o legion_n have_v a_o legate_n i_o shall_v believe_v the_o legate_n be_v colonel_n the_o praefectus_fw-la lieutenant_n colonel_n the_o tribune_n be_v captain_n and_o the_o centurion_n corporal_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n polybius_n indeed_o speak_v of_o legate_n but_o of_o no_o praefecti_fw-la except_o among_o the_o ally_n the_o praefectus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la say_v vegetius_n have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o castrorum_fw-la praefectus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la camp_n the_o order_v the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n of_o both_o ditch_n and_o rampart_n the_o care_n of_o the_o sick_a and_o of_o the_o
we_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o vâ—lites_n march_v leave_v we_o again_o to_o our_o conjecture_n certain_o if_o the_o whole_a six_o book_n of_o polybius_n his_o history_n be_v extant_a and_o if_o some_o parcel_n of_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v as_o i_o shrewd_o suspect_v there_o be_v he_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o where_o and_o how_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v who_o make_v up_o more_o than_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o infantry_n march_v for_o to_o tell_v we_o as_o lipsius_n do_v that_o they_o march_v where_o the_o consul_n appoint_v they_o be_v to_o tell_v we_o just_a nothing_o for_o neither_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n nor_o horse_n march_v where_o they_o please_v but_o where_o the_o general_n order_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o probable_a and_o a_o very_a rational_a conjecture_n that_o the_o velite_n march_v near_a that_o place_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v whether_o that_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n since_o they_o be_v by_o their_o skirmish_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n but_o i_o fear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v have_v more_o grope_v before_o we_o find_v the_o quarter_n where_o they_o lodge_v observe_v that_o the_o legion_n of_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o socii_fw-la do_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n daily_o by_o turn_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o the_o roman_a ambulatory_a march_n be_v twenty_o italian_a mile_n in_o four_o hour_n and_o the_o cursory_a twenty_o five_o but_o i_o suppose_v without_o baggage_n and_o with_o it_o twenty_o mile_n be_v vnius_fw-la diei_fw-la justum_fw-la iter_fw-la the_o just_a march_n of_o a_o army_n for_o one_o day_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n after_o a_o long_a and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a march_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o village_n quarter_a iâ—_n town_n and_o village_n lodge_v our_o consular_a army_n and_o lodge_v it_o must_v be_v in_o town_n and_o village_n or_o in_o the_o field_n if_o in_o the_o first_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o demand_v from_o their_o host_n but_o bed_n and_o lodging_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o all_o they_o spend_v in_o meat_n drink_n or_o fire_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o legate_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n cause_v they_o to_o furnish_v the_o army_n as_o they_o march_v through_o their_o jurisdiction_n out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n which_o be_v discount_v from_o their_o wage_n by_o the_o treasurer_n or_o cause_v the_o country_n people_n to_o bring_v in_o provision_n of_o all_o kind_n as_o to_o open_a market_n where_o they_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n of_o the_o country_n in_o which_o the_o army_n chance_v to_o be_v the_o contravener_n and_o disobeyer_n of_o order_n be_v severe_o punish_v the_o way_n in_o which_o officer_n and_o soldier_n use_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o house_n to_o avoid_v strife_n between_o they_o and_o their_o host_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a house_n be_v as_o equal_o divide_v as_o may_v be_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n choose_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o return_v to_o the_o host_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v two_o three_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o field_n which_o we_o call_v encamp_v encamp_v soldier_n hard_a labour_n in_o encamp_v and_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n the_o common_a soldier_n have_v a_o hard_a labour_n than_o in_o their_o day_n march_v in_o regard_n beside_o the_o measure_n the_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o ditch_n rampart_n and_o pallisado_n and_o to_o pitch_v the_o tent_n of_o all_o their_o commander_n and_o cleanse_v their_o quarter_n before_o they_o get_v leave_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o own_o tent_n or_o hut_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o castrametation_n which_o be_v one_o part_n of_o encamp_v after_o the_o roman_a way_n we_o be_v to_o borrow_v all_o our_o light_n from_o polybius_n and_o our_o own_o conjecture_n for_o vegetius_n speak_v but_o very_o little_a of_o it_o and_o that_o little_a be_v in_o very_o general_a term_n but_o for_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n we_o be_v more_o oblige_v to_o vegetius_n than_o polybius_n the_o first_o spend_v five_o full_a chapter_n on_o encamp_v to_o wit_n the_o twenty_o first_o twenty_o second_o twenty_o three_o twenty_o four_o and_o twenty_o five_o of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o either_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o have_v forget_v something_o in_o all_o these_o chapter_n or_o else_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n to_o refresh_v his_o own_o or_o our_o memory_n he_o fall_v again_o to_o his_o castrametation_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n will_v amount_v to_o this_o castrametation_n sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o castrametation_n he_o lament_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fortify_v camp_n be_v wear_v out_o for_o want_v whereof_o say_v he_o we_o have_v know_v many_o roman_a army_n afflict_v by_o the_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n beside_o say_v he_o if_o they_o be_v worsted_n in_o any_o battle_n have_v no_o camp_n to_o retire_v to_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sword_n unrevenged_a like_a brute_n neither_o do_v the_o enemy_n make_v a_o end_n of_o kill_v they_o till_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o pursue_v they_o he_o say_v the_o army_n be_v to_o encamp_v where_o it_o may_v have_v store_n of_o fuel_n wood_n water_n and_o fodder_n where_o the_o air_n be_v wholesome_a and_o free_a from_o marsh_n and_o if_o it_o be_v to_o stay_v any_o time_n it_o must_v be_v well_o look_v to_o that_o no_o hill_n be_v near_o from_o whence_o a_o enemy_n may_v infest_v it_o and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n the_o camp_n be_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o extent_n that_o neither_o man_n beast_n nor_o baggage_n be_v pinch_v for_o want_v of_o room_n nor_o must_v it_o be_v so_o large_a but_o that_o the_o fortification_n of_o it_o in_o all_o its_o circumference_n may_v be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o man_n that_o be_v within_o it_o this_o be_v all_o he_o say_v of_o castrametation_n as_o to_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n he_o tell_v we_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n and_o it_o be_v short_o this_o that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a sort_n or_o way_n of_o fortify_v a_o camp_n first_o if_o there_o be_v but_o little_a danger_n the_o rampart_n shall_v be_v make_v but_o three_o foot_n high_a suppose_v above_o the_o line_n and_o this_o rampart_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o turf_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ditch_n shall_v be_v and_o the_o camp_n and_o of_o fortify_v the_o camp_n loose_a earth_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o ditch_n shall_v be_v nine_o foot_n broad_a and_o seven_o deep_a and_o this_o be_v call_v fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la or_o a_o ditch_n sudden_o cast_v up_o and_o it_o seem_v be_v use_v when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o stay_v but_o a_o night_n or_o two_o and_o no_o enemy_n near_o it_o thus_o far_o vegetius_n be_v clear_a but_o in_o describe_v the_o other_o two_o way_n of_o fortify_v he_o be_v extreme_o confuse_a both_o in_o his_o first_o and_o three_o book_n but_o if_o i_o guess_v right_a at_o his_o meaning_n he_o intend_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o second_o way_n of_o fortification_n be_v when_o a_o imminent_a danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n appear_v than_o the_o ditch_n be_v nine_o foot_n deep_a and_o twelve_o broad_a and_o the_o rampart_n above_o the_o line_n four_o foot_n high_a use_v three_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o in_o the_o great_a hazard_n the_o rampart_n be_v plant_v about_o with_o these_o stake_n and_o palisado_n s_o which_o the_o soldier_n be_v obligeâ—_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o so_o that_o reckon_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampart_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n it_o be_v thirteen_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n itself_o twelve_o foot_n broad_a i_o will_v he_o have_v say_v either_o eleven_o or_o thirteen_o for_o than_o he_o have_v not_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o before_o that_o in_o fortification_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_a to_o observe_v a_o odd_a number_n the_o turf_n whereof_o the_o rampart_n be_v make_v use_v to_o be_v half_o a_o foot_n deep_a one_o foot_n broad_a and_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o thus_o far_o vegetius_n concern_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o roman_a
and_o castrametation_n do_v more_o resemble_v our_o form_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n than_o the_o roman_a for_o we_o find_v the_o ark_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o conductor_n and_o great_a general_n of_o that_o army_n lodge_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a camp_n about_o it_o the_o levite_n who_o be_v honour_v to_o be_v its_o guard_n and_o without_o they_o and_o about_o they_o the_o other_o tribe_n as_o they_o be_v marshal_v by_o moses_n the_o man_n of_o god_n and_o as_o they_o be_v encamp_v so_o we_o read_v they_o march_v first_o the_o ensign_n of_o judah_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n next_o the_o ensign_n of_o reuben_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n after_o they_o march_v the_o levite_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o they_o the_o ark_n after_o they_o come_v the_o ensign_n of_o ephraim_n under_o which_o be_v three_o tribe_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n march_v the_o ensign_n of_o dan_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n the_o rampart_n and_o ditch_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n as_o to_o both_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v make_v and_o defend_v by_o the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o ally_n be_v oblige_v to_o fortify_v and_o maintain_v both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o consular_a camp_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v perhaps_o more_o than_o enough_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o lipsius_n steuâ—chius_n and_o the_o lord_n preissac_n chap._n xxii_o of_o guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n if_o this_o camp_n though_o never_o so_o strong_o fortify_v be_v not_o careful_o guard_v it_o will_v be_v but_o a_o prey_n to_o a_o resolute_a enemy_n both_o the_o roman_a and_o grecjan_a guard_n be_v as_o we_o be_v of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o difference_n be_v this_o they_o have_v several_a guard_n for_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n we_o continue_v twenty_o four_o hour_n unless_o some_o emergency_n alter_v the_o custom_n you_o have_v the_o roman_a guard_n express_v by_o three_o several_a word_n common_a in_o author_n and_o though_o all_o three_o signify_v guard_n in_o some_o sense_n yet_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o with_o submission_n to_o other_o these_o three_o several_a word_n signify_v three_o several_a thing_n excubiâ—_n vigilia_fw-la and_o stationes_n be_v the_o three_o word_n excubia_n i_o conceive_v signify_v the_o man_n who_o what_o excubiâ—_n what_o keep_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n vigilia_fw-la the_o several_a distinct_a time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n and_o stationes_n be_v the_o place_n where_o they_o keep_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n which_o we_o call_v ordinary_o post_n the_o ancient_n divide_v the_o night_n summer_n and_o winter_n begin_v at_o six_o at_o night_n and_o end_v at_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o four_o vigilia_fw-la or_o watch_n allow_v three_o hour_n to_o every_o what_o vigilia_fw-la what_o watch_n after_o which_o time_n the_o night-guard_n be_v relieve_v by_o the_o day_n 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petardeer_n those_o who_o have_v a_o care_n of_o the_o tool_n for_o fortification_n for_o entrench_v and_o approach_v the_o master_n of_o the_o pioner_n in_o some_o army_n and_o all_o his_o pioner_n the_o master_n of_o the_o battery_n and_o all_o under_o he_o for_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n direction_n and_o inspection_n belong_v the_o entrench_v the_o camp_n the_o make_v the_o approach_n redoubt_n battery_n zap_n gallery_n and_o mine_n and_o other_o work_n at_o sieges_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v also_o his_o own_o commissary_n quartermaster_n waggonmaster_n minister_n and_o chirurgeon_n if_o then_o you_o will_v consider_v that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o under_o he_o be_v to_o have_v pay_n and_o wage_n and_o what_o a_o â—ast_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v spend_v in_o maintenance_n of_o this_o train_n and_o how_o much_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n may_v be_v spend_v in_o a_o active_a war_n you_o may_v conclude_v that_o achilles_n terduzzi_n the_o italian_a 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it_o but_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o affirmative_a i_o
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and_o then_o they_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o of_o leader_n become_v bringers-up_a till_o another_o rank_n come_v behind_o they_o but_o i_o good_a the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o good_a will_v have_v this_o manner_n of_o fall_v off_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n for_o in_o a_o great_a body_n it_o breed_v confusion_n and_o though_o in_o drill_v it_o may_v leisurely_o be_v do_v without_o any_o considerable_a disorder_n yet_o in_o service_n with_o a_o enemy_n where_o man_n be_v fall_v it_o procure_v a_o pitiful_a embarras_n and_o though_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o good_a the_o second_o good_a give_v way_n to_o a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o fall_v off_o which_o be_v the_o second_o way_n i_o promise_v to_o tell_v you_o of_o and_o it_o be_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o of_o fall_v down_o by_o the_o interval_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o i_o will_v have_v constant_o do_v by_o turn_v to_o the_o left-hand_a after_o they_o have_v fire_v 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the_o musket_n but_o of_o the_o butt-end_n of_o it_o i_o say_v then_o once_o not_o so_o good_a as_o all_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o once_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o two_o several_a time_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v use_v for_o if_o it_o come_v to_o extremity_n it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v they_o all_o fire_n at_o once_o for_o thereby_o you_o pour_v as_o much_o lead_n in_o your_o enemy_n bosom_n at_o one_o time_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o way_n at_o two_o several_a time_n and_o thereby_o you_o do_v they_o more_o mischief_n you_o quail_v daunt_v and_o astonish_v they_o three_o time_n more_o for_o one_o long_a and_o continuate_v crack_n of_o thunder_n be_v more_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a to_o mortal_n than_o ten_o interrupt_v and_o several_a one_o though_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o ten_o be_v as_o loud_a as_o the_o long_a one_o but_o that_o i_o seem_v not_o to_o pass_v my_o word_n to_o you_o for_o this_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o authority_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o practise_v it_o at_o leipsick_a practise_a at_o leipsick_a the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a where_o after_o he_o have_v fight_v long_o and_o that_o the_o saxon_a army_n on_o his_o left-hand_a be_v beat_v by_o the_o imperialist_n he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o some_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o fire_v all_o at_o once_o by_o kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v which_o produce_v effect_n conform_v to_o his_o desire_n if_o you_o ask_v i_o how_o six_o rank_n can_v fire_v all_o at_o one_o time_n and_o level_v their_o musket_n right_a i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o foremost_a three_o it_o how_o to_o do_v it_o rank_n must_v first_o be_v double_v by_o half_a file_n and_o then_o your_o body_n consist_v but_o of_o three_o rank_n and_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o first_o be_v kneel_v of_o the_o second_o stoop_v and_o of_o the_o three_o stand_v and_o then_o you_o may_v command_v they_o all_o to_o fire_n if_o 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they_o can_v advance_v martinet_n the_o french_a marshal_n de_fw-fr camp_n tell_v we_o of_o another_o manner_n of_o fire_v different_a from_o all_o these_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v as_o thus_o of_o six_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n he_o will_v have_v the_o first_o five_o to_o kneel_v the_o six_o to_o stand_v and_o fire_n first_o than_o the_o five_o to_o rise_v and_o fire_n next_o and_o consecutive_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v after_o which_o he_o will_v have_v the_o foremost_a five_o rank_n to_o kneel_v again_o till_o the_o six_o discharge_n if_o the_o service_n last_o so_o long_o by_o this_o way_n you_o can_v gain_v no_o ground_n and_o i_o think_v its_o very_a fair_a if_o you_o keep_v the_o ground_n you_o have_v for_o i_o conceive_v you_o may_v probable_o lose_v it_o and_o which_o be_v worse_o the_o rank_n which_o kneel_v before_o that_o which_o give_v fire_n may_v be_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o their_o friend_n behind_o they_o than_o of_o their_o enemy_n before_o they_o and_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o regard_n when_o man_n be_v give_v death_n to_o other_o and_o in_o expectation_n of_o the_o same_o measure_n from_o those_o who_o stand_v against_o they_o they_o be_v not_o so_o compose_v nor_o govern_v with_o so_o steady_a reason_n as_o when_o they_o be_v receive_v leisurely_o lesson_n in_o cold_a blood_n how_o to_o pour_v lead_n in_o their_o enemy_n bosom_n but_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o in_o another_o place_n perhaps_o more_o than_o become_v a_o private_a person_n since_o i_o find_v that_o manner_n of_o give_v fire_n be_v practise_v in_o the_o french_a army_n by_o order_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n in_o the_o marshal_n of_o regiment_n brigade_n company_n and_o troop_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n commander_n must_v be_v very_o cautious_a when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o enemy_n not_o to_o charge_v the_o ordinary_a form_n for_o if_o at_o that_o time_n you_o offer_v to_o introduce_v any_o new_a form_n wherewith_o your_o man_n be_v not_o acquaint_v you_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o put_v they_o in_o some_o confusion_n than_o which_o a_o enemy_n can_v desire_v a_o great_a commendable_a new_a figure_n of_o battle_n commendable_a advantage_n if_o you_o have_v a_o new_a figure_n of_o a_o battle_n in_o your_o head_n be_v sure_a to_o accustom_v your_o company_n and_o regiment_n very_o often_o by_o exercise_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o before_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o in_o earnest_n but_o by_o this_o let_v i_o not_o seem_v to_o put_v a_o restraint_n on_o any_o ingenious_a spirit_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o create_v new_a figure_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v exceed_o cherish_v by_o prince_n and_o
the_o one_o or_o other_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o army_n now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o where_o the_o great_a trust_n be_v there_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o consequent_o the_o infantry_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o cavalry_n these_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o macedonian_n he_o that_o command_v the_o whole_a phalanx_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a army_n stay_v with_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n so_o do_v all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o army_n and_o certain_o they_o have_v detachment_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v and_o the_o suntagmatarch_n of_o a_o foot_n phalanx_n have_v under_o his_o command_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o six_o man_n with_o colour_n and_o suitable_a officer_n how_o will_v the_o merry_a greek_n have_v laugh_v if_o this_o suntagmatarch_n who_o our_o captain_n sixty_o year_n ago_o in_o many_o place_n when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a do_v represent_v have_v be_v require_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o elarchos_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o sixty_o four_o horse_n and_o represent_v our_o ritmaster_n now_o adays_o for_o sometime_o the_o grecian_a troop_n of_o horse_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n a_o legion_n be_v command_v by_o tribune_n by_o turn_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o from_o the_o french_a by_o tower_n he_o who_o six_o month_n it_o be_v to_o command_v have_v ordinary_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o six_o thousand_o foot_n under_o his_o command_n the_o horse_n ordain_v to_o attend_v this_o legion_n be_v but_o adjectitious_a and_o be_v seldom_o above_o three_o hundred_o sometime_o not_o so_o many_o the_o denomination_n of_o any_o officer_n be_v à _fw-la majori_fw-la parte_fw-la from_o the_o great_a part_n and_o therefore_o the_o tribune_n be_v a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o yet_o command_v these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n as_o absolute_o as_o he_o do_v any_o centuriate_a in_o the_o legion_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o with_o reason_n i_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n the_o horse_n be_v constant_o command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n and_o peruse_v all_o the_o roman_a history_n you_o shall_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o any_o officer_n of_o horse_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o any_o of_o the_o foot_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v their_o balist_n catupult_n their_o batter_a ram_n their_o ambulatory_a town_n their_o bridge_n and_o all_o the_o material_n whereof_o these_o be_v compose_v now_o these_o be_v the_o artillery_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v the_o treasurer_n and_o treasure_n of_o the_o army_n all_o provision_n for_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o altar_n and_o place_n of_o devotion_n and_o though_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v their_o petty_a standard_n and_o vexilla_fw-la yet_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v mount_v on_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o be_v the_o great_a ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n be_v constant_o entrust_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o first_o centurion_n who_o be_v a_o foot-officer_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o consul_n march_v lodge_v and_o fight_v all_o these_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o not_o to_o the_o horse_n show_v that_o these_o conqueror_n of_o the_o world_n esteem_v the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horse_n for_o still_o i_o say_v the_o more_o trust_v the_o more_o honour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o elect_a of_o gentleman_n for_o so_o i_o interpret_v the_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o have_v a_o precedency_n at_o door_n and_o table_n before_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n who_o be_v all_o levy_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o give_v they_o no_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n now_o pretend_v to_o nor_o will_v the_o roman_a discipline_n which_o order_v the_o horse_n to_o ride_v the_o round_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n entitle_v these_o horseman_n to_o any_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o these_o guard_n of_o foot_n no_o more_o than_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v send_v to_o go_v a_o round_a with_o musqueteer_n to_o attend_v he_o will_v evince_v that_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o these_o guard_n or_o any_o centinel_n of_o they_o both_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a round_n be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o those_o who_o send_v they_o in_o what_o posture_n they_o find_v the_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n yea_o these_o four_o roman_a horseman_n who_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n be_v command_v to_o lie_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o hut_n or_o tent_n of_o a_o centurion_n of_o foot_n which_o i_o think_v denote_v their_o subjection_n to_o he_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a that_o with_o these_o ancient_a roman_n to_o who_o arm_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n most_o of_o the_o world_n pay_v homage_n the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o that_o on_o horseback_n to_o confirm_v this_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o where_o the_o great_a danger_n be_v there_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v the_o great_a honour_n now_o very_o often_o the_o roman_a consul_n where_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n prevail_v in_o battle_n they_o call_v the_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o thither_o but_o mistake_v it_o not_o it_o be_v not_o to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n but_o to_o make_v they_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o legionary_n which_o encourage_v the_o foot_n when_o they_o see_v the_o horse_n can_v not_o ride_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a to_o fight_v on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n the_o roman_n think_v fight_v on_o foot_n more_o honourable_a than_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o consequent_o the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horseman_n julius_n caesar_n the_o great_a captain_n that_o ever_o be_v practise_v this_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n he_o ever_o fight_v which_o be_v against_o the_o helvetian_o now_o call_v swisser_n to_o show_v good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o then_o cause_v all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o alight_v and_o as_o himself_o tell_v we_o cause_v all_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v drive_v away_o a_o great_a way_n from_o that_o place_n of_o battle_n and_o so_o do_v several_a of_o the_o roman_a consul_n before_o he_o and_o i_o think_v you_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o horseman_n be_v on_o foot_n be_v marshal_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v and_o so_o the_o decurion_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o horse_n receive_v their_o order_n from_o the_o centurion_n each_o whereof_o command_v sixty_o footman_n whereas_o the_o decurion_n have_v but_o the_o command_n of_o thirty_o so_o here_o we_o see_v officer_n of_o horse_n command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n but_o never_o the_o contrary_n i_o find_v abâ—er_n joaâ—_n amasa_n fight_v still_o on_o foot_n and_o so_o do_v their_o master_n david_n king_n of_o israel_n so_o do_v saul_n before_o he_o and_o most_o of_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n after_o he_o except_o some_o who_o fight_v on_o chariot_n to_o their_o small_a advantage_n but_o none_o fight_v on_o horseback_n i_o believe_v absalon_n fight_v on_o foot_n though_o after_o his_o rebellious_a army_n be_v rout_v he_o mount_v on_o a_o mule_n to_o carry_v he_o away_o with_o more_o haste_n than_o good_a speed_n many_o king_n in_o the_o modern_a war_n since_o gunpowder_n make_v a_o noise_n have_v fight_v on_o foot_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n fight_v nine_o battle_n on_o foot_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v so_o frequent_o and_o if_o king_n james_n the_o four_o be_v kill_v at_o flowdon_n he_o be_v slay_v fight_v on_o foot_n and_o all_o these_o be_v prince_n who_o trace_v the_o path_n of_o honour_n and_o study_v both_o to_o show_v their_o own_o valour_n and_o to_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n which_o they_o conceive_v they_o do_v more_o proper_o on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n since_o the_o best_a govern_a kingdom_n and_o state_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v give_v the_o honour_n to_o the_o foot_n and_o not_o the_o horse_n by_o entrust_v they_o with_o their_o chief_a strength_n their_o treasure_n their_o artillery_n provision_n ammunition_n town_n castle_n and_o fortify_v place_n i_o can_v enough_o admire_v what_o new_a light_n the_o commander_n of_o horse_n of_o our_o time_n have_v get_v that_o can_v move_v they_o to_o demand_v a_o superiority_n over_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o if_o they_o say_v because_o they_o can_v be_v soon_o at_o a_o
by_o the_o favour_n of_o powerful_a friend_n have_v come_v to_o that_o charge_n to_o command_v over_o a_o grave_n and_o experience_a major_n it_o be_v the_o way_n to_o make_v discipline_n of_o war_n contemptible_a to_o some_o and_o ridiculous_a to_o other_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o germany_n one_o of_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n general_n â—ad_v the_o chief_a command_n of_o a_o little_a army_n and_o over_o all_o the_o garrison_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v not_o few_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o that_o army_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v draw_v out_o to_o attack_v a_o little_a town_n strong_o barricado_v by_o the_o enemy_n five_o hundred_o command_v foot_n be_v to_o fall_v on_o first_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n he_o who_o be_v lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n general_n regiment_n which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o guard_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n and_o debate_v it_o strong_o there_o be_v a_o elder_a lieutenant_n colonel_n than_o he_o of_o another_o regiment_n who_o stiff_o refuse_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o guard_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n because_o he_o have_v be_v a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n in_o the_o swedish_n service_n long_o before_o the_o other_o the_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v consult_v who_o present_o order_v they_o to_o cast_v the_o dice_n for_o it_o his_o own_o lieutenant_n colonel_n by_o lot_n gain_v the_o honour_n but_o lose_v his_o life_n by_o the_o bargain_n you_o see_v how_o this_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v loath_a to_o give_v occasion_n of_o discontent_n by_o prefer_v a_o officer_n of_o the_o guard_n to_o another_o of_o that_o same_o quality_n but_o of_o a_o elder_a stand_n and_o yet_o if_o i_o have_v be_v worthy_a to_o have_v be_v arbitrator_n i_o have_v award_v the_o command_n to_o the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o guard_n thus_o far_o have_v i_o hazard_v to_o publish_v my_o opinion_n of_o this_o controvert_v point_n and_o as_o every_o thing_n that_o man_n write_v must_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o variable_a judgement_n of_o several_a reader_n so_o i_o profess_v i_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o alter_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o reason_n of_o other_o shall_v even_o but_o probable_o convince_v i_o to_o have_v be_v in_o a_o error_n i_o be_o sure_a to_o maintain_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o will_v transgress_v neither_o act_n or_o statute_n of_o either_o church_n or_o state_n ordinance_n of_o war_n even_o of_o the_o great_a of_o man_n be_v not_o irrevocable_a as_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v say_v to_o be_v but_o notwithstanding_o any_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o avoid_v this_o question_n this_o great_a king_n of_o france_n give_v a_o superiority_n of_o some_o officer_n over_o other_o of_o that_o same_o degree_n and_o not_o only_o to_o those_o of_o his_o own_o guard_n which_o be_v very_o many_o and_o those_o of_o the_o queen_n the_o dolphin_n and_o monsieur_n his_o brother_n which_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o tolerable_a but_o he_o give_v the_o command_n to_o french_a officer_n over_o stranger_n of_o a_o high_a quality_n in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o one_o chapter_n of_o his_o ordinance_n he_o order_v lieutenant-colonel_n who_o be_v stranger_n to_o be_v command_v if_o i_o remember_v right_a by_o a_o french_a ensign_n if_o private_a man_n may_v examine_v the_o direction_n of_o mighty_a monarch_n i_o shall_v think_v this_o be_v enough_o to_o encourage_v all_o stranger_n to_o offer_v their_o service_n to_o the_o capital_a enemy_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n chap._n xiii_o of_o feltmarshal_n lieutenant-feltmarshals_a lieutenant-general_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n major-general_n and_o adjutant-general_n our_o modern_a force_n be_v levy_v muster_v arm_v well_o exercise_v discipline_v pay_v and_o proviant_v and_o mould_v in_o troop_n company_n and_o regiment_n call_v now_o for_o general_n officer_n that_o these_o independent_a body_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v may_v be_v cast_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o army_n these_o shall_v not_o be_v want_v for_o it_o be_v but_o too_o ordinary_a to_o have_v more_o general_a officer_n in_o a_o army_n than_o there_o be_v colonel_n in_o it_o and_o yet_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o colonel_n than_o be_v necessary_a army_n many_o general_a person_n in_o a_o army_n if_o you_o consider_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o regiment_n and_o true_o i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o insupportable_a abuse_n and_o vanity_n that_o no_o soon_o be_v a_o lieutenant_n or_o major-general_n send_v with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o army_n on_o some_o exploit_n which_o may_v require_v some_o considerable_a time_n or_o that_o upon_o some_o other_o occasion_n either_o for_o a_o speedy_a march_n the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o army_n or_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o country_n every_o one_o who_o command_v apart_o one_o wing_n or_o tertia_fw-la of_o that_o army_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n make_v up_o a_o complete_a general_n staff_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n commissary_n muster-master_n and_o proviant-master_n general_n and_o of_o the_o auditor_n and_o provost-marshal_n general_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o so_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n scout-master_n and_o waggonmaster_n general_n and_o now_o i_o be_o to_o give_v you_o a_o brief_a description_n of_o these_o general_a officer_n mention_v in_o the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o word_n felt_n or_o field-marshal_a import_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o person_n who_o felt-marshalâ—_a felt-marshalâ—_a have_v the_o field_n and_o be_v call_v in_o french_a marshal_z de_fw-fr camp_n and_o so_o the_o primitive_a institution_n of_o the_o office_n be_v and_o so_o it_o continue_v till_o within_o these_o fifty_o year_n for_o the_o present_a in_o germany_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n those_o who_o command_v army_n royal_a consist_v of_o cavalry_n infantry_n and_o artillery_n be_v qualify_v by_o the_o title_n of_o feltmarshals_a and_o have_v a_o equivalent_a authority_n to_o the_o ancient_a marshal_n of_o france_n far_o above_o that_o of_o marshal_n the_o camp_n and_o those_o feltmarshals_a have_v under_o they_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n generals_z and_o major-general_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o these_o last_o be_v now_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n for_o they_o draw_v up_o the_o several_a regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o both_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n so_o upon_o the_o matter_n a_o felt-marshal_n be_v now_o general_a or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n so_o be_v barrier_n torstensone_n and_o wrangel_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o in_o the_o long_a german_a war_n under_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n these_o feel_a marshal_n now_o have_v general_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n under_o they_o a_o feltmarshals_a absolute_a command_n of_o a_o army_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v of_o no_o old_a date_n for_o in_o my_o time_n ilo_z be_v felt-marshal_n to_o wallenstein_n gustavus_n horn_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n kniphausin_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o as_o in_o process_n of_o time_n he_o have_v insensible_o attain_v to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o absolute_a power_n than_o before_o so_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n signify_v now_o more_o than_o it_o can_v be_v interpret_v lieutenant-felt-marshal_n lieutenant-felt-marshal_n to_o do_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n and_o the_o title_n itself_o be_v not_o old_a when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v pole_n he_o gratify_v some_o of_o his_o ancient_a general_n officer_n with_o this_o title_n and_o it_o be_v then_o and_o be_v now_o where_o it_o be_v use_v look_v upon_o as_o more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o lieutenant-general_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v divine_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_o so_o for_o a_o lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n command_v general_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n count_n koningsmark_n have_v command_v several_a army_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o long_a german_a war_n both_o prudent_o and_o successful_o under_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant-general_n but_o think_v himself_o honour_v seven_o year_n after_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n with_o this_o title_n of_o lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n that_o must_v be_v most_o honourable_a that_o a_o prince_n fancy_n to_o be_v so_o and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o because_o he_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o honour_n a_o lieutenant_n general_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n strict_o have_v no_o command_n army_n lieutenant-general_n of_o a_o army_n when_o his_o general_n be_v present_a i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o most_o proper_a title_n for_o those_o who_o command_v army_n in_o chief_a under_o a_o monarch_n or_o free_a state_n because_o they_o be_v their_o lieutenant_n in_o militaribus_fw-la or_o if_o a_o prince_n have_v appoint_v a_o captain-general_n to_o command_v all_o his_o force_n
then_o that_o captain-general_n commissionate_v lieutenant-general_n to_o command_v petty_a army_n under_o he_o but_o when_o he_o join_v his_o force_n the_o command_n of_o the_o lieutenant-general_n seem_v to_o cease_v because_o he_o be_v but_o the_o deputy_n of_o he_o that_o send_v he_o and_o a_o representative_a be_v no_o more_o a_o representative_a when_o he_o who_o he_o represent_v be_v present_a the_o roman_a consul_n have_v their_o lieutenant_n general_n who_o be_v call_v legate_n who_o command_v army_n apart_o legate_n roman_n legate_n when_o the_o consul_n think_v fit_a but_o have_v no_o command_n when_o the_o consul_n be_v present_a nor_o do_v caesar_n give_v those_o legate_n even_o in_o the_o consul_n absence_n a_o absolute_a power_n for_o speak_v of_o one_o of_o his_o own_o legate_n in_o the_o french_a war_n i_o believe_v it_o be_v labienus_n he_o commend_v he_o for_o not_o hazard_v a_o battle_n with_o the_o gaul_n though_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v the_o advantage_n because_o say_v he_o a_o legate_n have_v not_o that_o power_n which_o he_o have_v who_o be_v imperator_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o aumale_a command_v a_o army_n in_o france_n against_o the_o protestant_n with_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant-general_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o join_v force_n with_o henry_n duke_n of_o anjou_n who_o be_v captain-general_n for_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o nine_o the_o duke_n resign_v both_o his_o title_n and_o office_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o lieutenant-general_n continue_v both_o in_o their_o title_n and_o office_n in_o their_o general_n presence_n and_o i_o have_v know_v feltmarshals_a have_v lieutenant-general_n under_o they_o who_o have_v command_v both_o the_o horse_n and_o foot_n of_o their_o army_n even_o when_o the_o feltmarshals_a be_v present_a as_o the_o earl_n of_o brainford_n who_o be_v lieutenant-general_n to_o felt-marshal_n barrier_n and_o king_n who_o be_v lieutenant-general_n to_o felt-marshal_n leslie_n i_o think_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n have_v a_o very_a commendable_a custom_n to_o choose_v any_o of_o their_o colonel_n who_o they_o fancy_n be_v qualify_v for_o it_o to_o be_v general_n or_o lieutenant-general_n of_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o force_n fit_a for_o the_o expedition_n they_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o that_o piece_n of_o service_n be_v custom_n a_o good_a custom_n do_v the_o colonel_n lay_v down_o his_o commission_n and_o return_n to_o his_o former_a charge_n without_o the_o least_o thought_n or_o imagination_n that_o he_o be_v disparage_v thereby_o the_o frequent_a practice_n of_o this_o custom_n banish_v such_o thought_n out_o of_o all_o man_n head_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o practice_n be_v fancy_v to_o be_v a_o degrade_n of_o man_n from_o former_a honour_n in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n if_o they_o be_v but_o a_o little_a habituate_v to_o it_o the_o french_a give_v now_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant-general_n very_o frequent_o i_o suppose_v they_o be_v independent_a one_o of_o another_o and_o be_v the_o king_n lieutenant-general_n which_o be_v very_o proper_a and_o obey_v none_o but_o such_o as_o he_o command_v to_o give_v order_n to_o they_o a_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n command_v it_o under_o he_o who_o be_v commander_n in_o cavalry_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n chief_a of_o the_o army_n whatever_o title_n he_o bear_v whether_o general_n felt-marshal_n lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n or_o lieutenant-general_n he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n keep_v at_o that_o strength_n that_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v of_o and_o if_o by_o battle_n long_a march_n great_a fatigue_n or_o other_o accident_n of_o war_n the_o number_n of_o man_n be_v diminish_v horse_n lose_v or_o make_v unserviceable_a it_o be_v his_o duty_n when_o they_o come_v to_o quarter_n to_o see_v the_o troop_n make_v strong_a the_o horse_n put_v in_o good_a case_n and_o the_o rider_n well_o clothe_v and_o arm_v in_o muster_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o see_v that_o no_o colonel_n or_o ritmaster_n wrong_v the_o muster-master_n by_o duty_n his_o duty_n make_v a_o show_n of_o borrow_a man_n horse_n or_o arm_n whereby_o the_o prince_n may_v be_v cheat_v in_o his_o purse_n or_o disappoint_v in_o his_o service_n he_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o cavalry_n be_v pay_v and_o provide_v with_o proviant_a and_o fodderage_n and_o good_a quarter_n he_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o person_n who_o understand_v something_o of_o the_o foot-service_n in_o regard_n that_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v send_v in_o any_o expedition_n ordinary_o some_o foot_n be_v send_v with_o they_o and_o then_o it_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n office_n to_o command_v both_o but_o it_o be_v a_o pity_n that_o all_o general_n person_n shall_v not_o make_v it_o their_o study_n and_o their_o work_n to_o understand_v both_o the_o foot_n and_o horse-service_n for_o i_o have_v see_v considerable_a party_n of_o foot_n more_o harassed_a and_o spoil_v in_o ashort_a time_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v rout_v by_o a_o enemy_n so_o little_a discretion_n some_o have_v to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o man_n and_o a_o horse_n it_o seem_v in_o the_o low-country_n service_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n command_v next_o the_o general_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n over_o the_o army_n even_o when_o they_o have_v feltmarshals_a but_o that_o custom_n be_v not_o now_o in_o other_o place_n where_o feltmarshals_a and_o lieutenant-felt-marshals_a command_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v now_o void_v the_o difference_n otherwise_o since_o they_o qualify_v the_o two_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o their_o army_n with_o the_o title_n of_o feltmarshals_a prince_n maurice_n and_o wurz_n a_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v in_o his_o general_n absence_n to_o do_v the_o cavalry_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n same_o duty_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o qualification_n if_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v in_o one_o body_n the_o general_n be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o it_o and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n on_o the_o left_a but_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o two_o wing_n the_o general_n command_v the_o right_a and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n command_v the_o left_a wing_n a_o major-general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o word_n and_o all_o other_o order_n horse_n major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n from_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n he_o be_v to_o impart_v they_o to_o the_o general_n and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v their_o command_n he_o be_v to_o give_v all_o to_o the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o horse_n which_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o several_a regiment_n all_o complaint_n and_o difference_n between_o officer_n and_o horseman_n or_o among_o themselves_o be_v first_o bring_v to_o he_o which_o he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o compose_v in_o a_o amicable_a way_n but_o if_o he_o can_v horse_n major-general_n of_o horse_n he_o be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o article_n and_o constitution_n of_o war._n he_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o all_o the_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o order_n they_o and_o keep_v list_n of_o convoy_n and_o party_n that_o the_o several_a officer_n and_o trooper_n may_v have_v their_o turn_n in_o which_o a_o major-general_n shall_v show_v himself_o very_o impartial_a for_o very_o few_o or_o none_o there_o be_v who_o will_v not_o think_v themselves_o wrong_v in_o their_o reputation_n duty_n his_o duty_n if_o other_o be_v prefer_v to_o they_o where_o either_o danger_n may_v probable_o be_v look_v for_o or_o profit_v expect_v unless_o it_o can_v be_v make_v clear_a to_o they_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o turn_n to_o go_v on_o that_o party_n or_o with_o that_o convoy_n it_o be_v the_o major-general_n who_o have_v the_o cavalry_n in_o battle_n have_v first_o advise_v about_o the_o manner_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n with_o the_o lieutenant-general_n if_o he_o be_v a_o understanding_n active_a stir_v and_o vigilant_a person_n a_o general_n and_o lieutenant-general_n may_v be_v lay_v aside_o as_o in_o many_o army_n over_o christendom_n they_o be_v though_o not_o in_o all_o this_o officer_n the_o english_a qualify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o commissary_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o duty_n of_o a_o lieutenant-general_n and_o major-general_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v the_o foot_n general_a officer_n of_o the_o foot_n same_o which_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o belong_v to_o those_o of_o the_o horse_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la general_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v but_o rare_a banier_n be_v under_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o lind_n
of_o 10000_o man_n make_v square_a battle_n and_o therefore_o their_o 10000_o man_n be_v draw_v up_o a_o 100_o in_o rank_n and_o a_o 100_o in_o file_n and_o a_o 100_o time_n a_o 100_o make_v 10000_o and_o so_o their_o batallion_n be_v square_a of_o man_n and_o may_v have_v be_v also_o of_o ground_n if_o they_o allow_v no_o great_a interval_n of_o rank_n than_o of_o file_n which_o hardly_o they_o can_v do_v be_v they_o be_v all_o offensive_o arm_v with_o pike_n both_o long_o and_o strong_a but_o our_o author_n say_v that_o cyrus_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o wish_v croesus_n whole_a army_n have_v be_v marshal_v a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o than_o he_o have_v soon_o destroy_v it_o as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war._n yet_o xenophon_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o egyptian_n fight_v best_a of_o any_o of_o croesus_n his_o army_n yea_o so_o long_o till_o they_o have_v fair_a quarter_n give_v they_o and_o withal_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o cyrus_n his_o own_o army_n his_o foot_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v be_v marshal_v 24_o deep_a and_o that_o be_v eight_o more_o than_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_n army_n as_o all_o army_n be_v marshal_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o those_o who_o command_v they_o so_o their_o pleasure_n often_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v over_o rule_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o wether_n the_o sun_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v if_o the_o general_n find_v by_o his_o foreparty_n or_o vancourier_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v before_o he_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o he_o will_v do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o march_v forward_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v that_o his_o adversary_n will_v be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o army_n but_o will_v take_v his_o advantage_n and_o fall_v upon_o he_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o his_o van_n especial_o if_o his_o march_n have_v be_v through_o any_o close_a or_o strait_a country_n and_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o a_o generals_z wit_n a_o general_n shall_v have_v a_o ready_a wit_n own_o ready_a wit_n and_o resolution_n must_v serve_v he_o for_o counsellor_n for_o there_o will_v be_v no_o time_n give_v he_o to_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war._n but_o we_o speak_v now_o of_o embattel_v army_n when_o general_n have_v half_a the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o manner_n be_v in_o many_o place_n and_o still_o be_v in_o some_o to_o marshal_v army_n in_o three_o distinct_a body_n one_o behind_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o vanguard_n the_o second_o the_o battle_n the_o three_o the_o rearguard_n but_o several_a time_n every_o one_o body_n army_n marshal_v in_o three_o distinct_a body_n of_o those_o consist_v of_o three_o body_n likewise_o these_o be_v two_o wing_n of_o horse_n and_o one_o body_n of_o foot_n and_o when_o they_o march_v these_o three_o great_a body_n be_v call_v the_o van_n battle_n and_o rear_n their_o proper_a title_n be_v to_o be_v call_v so_o when_o they_o march_v for_o many_o time_n when_o they_o draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n it_o be_v in_o one_o breast_n and_o then_o the_o horse_n be_v divide_v in_o two_o wing_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v when_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o to_o prevent_v surround_v otherwise_o army_n seldom_o fight_v but_o in_o two_o battle_n if_o not_o in_o three_o but_o as_o i_o say_v time_n ground_n the_o power_n of_o a_o enemy_n minister_v occasion_n to_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n to_o alter_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n and_o frame_v a_o new_a method_n of_o his_o own_o to_o serve_v he_o for_o that_o opportunity_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o instance_n and_o that_o of_o a_o mighty_a army_n marshal_v as_o few_o before_o it_o have_v be_v and_o i_o believe_v none_o since_o it_o be_v that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v at_o vienna_n when_o they_o look_v for_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o those_o of_o the_o turk_n be_v vienna_n how_o the_o mighty_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charâ—es_v the_o five_o be_v marshal_v at_o vienna_n very_o much_o beyond_o they_o and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v out-winged_a by_o his_o numerous_a horse_n the_o order_n of_o their_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v this_o if_o they_o have_v fight_v they_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o arm_v with_o pike_n halberd_n partisan_n and_o other_o long_a staff_n these_o be_v divide_v in_o three_o great_a batallion_n each_o of_o twenty_o thousand_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n to_o attend_v each_o of_o these_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o be_v to_o have_v several_a little_a interval_n through_o which_o these_o harquebusier_n be_v to_o sally_n and_o fire_n incessant_o before_o the_o grand_a batallion_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v through_o these_o same_o interval_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o the_o pike_n be_v immediate_o to_o close_v and_o fill_v up_o those_o void_a place_n these_o three_o great_a batallion_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o make_v two_o great_a interval_n in_o each_o of_o which_o stand_v fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n here_o than_o you_o see_v upon_o the_o matter_n one_o of_o the_o brave_a army_n of_o christian_n that_o ever_o be_v marshal_v in_o one_o front_n without_o reserve_v only_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v order_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o munition_n scarce_o read_v of_o before_o or_o since_o here_o you_o see_v the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o wing_n whereas_o both_o before_o and_o since_o they_o make_v the_o body_n here_o you_o see_v the_o firemen_n marshal_v behind_o and_o ordain_v to_o fally_o from_o their_o station_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o the_o van_n and_o then_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a graecian_a and_o roman_a velite_n and_o not_o marshal_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o here_o you_o see_v the_o horse_n who_o before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o make_v the_o wing_n of_o a_o army_n make_v now_o the_o body_n of_o it_o strong_o flank_v with_o pike_n this_o be_v the_o inversion_n of_o former_a ordinance_n of_o war_n be_v then_o think_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o surround_v and_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o turk_n numerous_a cavalry_n army_n for_o most_o part_n now_o be_v marshal_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n the_o vanguard_n and_o the_o arreer-guard_n which_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a but_o pure_o impossible_a for_o any_o the_o most_o experience_a general_n to_o set_v down_o any_o one_o certain_a rule_n or_o order_n whereby_o he_o may_v constant_o reserve_n battle_n and_o reserve_n keep_v one_o manner_n of_o marshal_v or_o one_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o be_v call_v forma_fw-la aciei_fw-la though_o he_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o his_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v constant_o continue_v of_o one_o strength_n since_o the_o place_n situation_n house_n village_n castle_n hill_n valley_n rise_v height_n hollow_a ground_n water_n wood_n bush_n tree_n and_o marsh_n do_v occasion_n such_o alteration_n as_o make_v the_o form_n or_o mould_n of_o a_o army_n cast_v in_o one_o place_n change_v so_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o know_v the_o face_n of_o it_o on_o another_o piece_n of_o ground_n perhaps_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n march_v from_o the_o former_a and_o in_o this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o general_n be_v to_o act_v his_o part_n and_o take_v such_o advantage_n as_o he_o may_v and_o ready_o possess_v himself_o of_o such_o place_n which_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n power_n may_v do_v he_o prejudice_v one_o of_o his_o great_a care_n in_o embattel_v will_v be_v to_o secure_v both_o his_o â—attel_n flank_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v well_o secure_v in_o â—attel_n flank_n which_o be_v call_v the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o army_n with_o some_o river_n brook_n ditch_n dike_n or_o retrenchment_n if_o these_o can_v be_v so_o ready_o get_v than_o he_o may_v do_v it_o with_o the_o wagon_n or_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n for_o in_o time_n of-battel_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o a_o batallion_n or_o
body_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o stand_v when_o it_o be_v charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o overw_v so_o that_o the_o strong_a in_o number_n have_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o weak_a shall_v endeavour_v to_o counterbalance_v by_o art_n policy_n and_o stratagem_n this_o make_v i_o wonder_v how_o charles_n the_o five_o a_o great_a warrior_n in_o his_o instruction_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o second_o assert_n that_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o order_v number_n a_o great_a advantage_n if_o they_o be_v well_o order_v four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v a_o sufficient_a army_n against_o any_o enemy_n how_o strong_a soever_o provide_v it_o be_v still_o keep_v at_o that_o strength_n and_o fresh_a man_n put_v in_o their_o place_n who_o be_v either_o put_v in_o garrison_n or_o be_v kill_v or_o dead_a because_o say_v he_o hardly_o shall_v you_o find_v any_o ground_n capable_a to_o contain_v more_o without_o encumbrance_n but_o himself_o find_v ground_n to_o marshal_v one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o thousand_o man_n at_o vienna_n almost_o all_o in_o â—ront_n and_o if_o he_o find_v ground_n to_o marshal_v these_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o man_n certain_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o have_v a_o reserve_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o assure_o great_a number_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o small_a if_o they_o be_v well_o order_v to_o second_v one_o another_o whether_o the_o ground_n be_v spacious_a or_o narrow_a reserve_v be_v right_o place_v many_o be_v of_o opinion_n and_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o reason_n enough_o that_o horse_n and_o foot_n fight_v best_a together_o but_o they_o differ_v in_o the_o way_n for_o some_o will_v have_v one_o together_o horse_n and_o foot_n together_o regiment_n of_o horse_n with_o two_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o if_o the_o cavalry_n be_v so_o strong_a a_o regiment_n of_o horse_n for_o every_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o marshal_v alternate_o as_o first_o a_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o then_o one_o of_o foot_n and_o so_o with_o the_o rest_n other_o like_v not_o this_o so_o well_o but_o like_o better_a to_o fortify_v their_o squadron_n with_o plotton_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o give_v their_o volley_n incessant_o before_o the_o horse_n plotton_n of_o musqueteer_n with_o horse_n horse_n come_v to_o their_o charge_n and_o this_o assure_o do_v exceed_o disorder_v and_o damnify_v body_n of_o horse_n before_o they_o can_v come_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o pistol_n or_o lance_n â—or_a the_o lance_n be_v not_o yet_o out_o of_o fashion_n with_o the_o polonian_n hungarian_n trarsylvanians_n and_o walachian_o beside_o those_o of_o more_o easterly_a nation_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o mix_v foot_n with_o horse_n gustavus_n adolphus_n make_v good_a use_n in_o his_o war_n with_o pole_n and_o in_o germany_n too_o especial_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v not_o the_o first_o that_o invent_v it_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o world_n many_o age_n before_o he_o among_o the_o ancient_a grecians_n roman_n and_o german_n too_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o coligni_n the_o famous_a admiral_n of_o france_n have_v ordinary_o harquebusier_n of_o foot_n mix_v with_o his_o horseman_n and_o true_o as_o i_o think_v musqueteer_n have_v do_v and_o can_v do_v good_a service_n against_o horse_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o charge_n so_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o charge_n pikeman_n well_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a will_v notable_o assist_v horseman_n if_o they_o be_v interline_v with_o they_o but_o it_o seem_v general_n think_v not_o so_o because_o they_o do_v not_o use_v it_o but_o in_o the_o marshal_n army_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o great_a body_n whether_o these_o be_v regiment_n or_o brigade_n some_o allow_v but_o 24_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o they_o and_o they_o say_v if_o they_o be_v great_a the_o enemy_n may_v easy_o get_v into_o these_o void_a place_n and_o so_o fall_v upon_o body_n narrow_a interval_n between_o great_a body_n the_o flank_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o ruin_v they_o a_o consideration_n that_o carry_v much_o reason_n with_o it_o but_o true_o this_o order_n be_v good_a if_o the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o front_n without_o any_o reserve_v but_o if_o it_o have_v a_o reserve_v these_o narrow_a interval_n in_o the_o battle_n render_v it_o useless_a nay_o they_o may_v help_v to_o ruin_v it_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o a_o reserve_n be_v appoint_v to_o advance_v against_o a_o enemy_n at_o one_o of_o these_o three_o occasion_n which_o be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v weary_a when_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n and_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v now_o in_o none_o of_o these_o three_o can_v the_o reserve_v be_v steedable_a if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n for_o it_o to_o advance_v to_o draw_v up_o and_o to_o fight_v but_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o a_o brigade_n of_o three_o hundred_o man_n in_o front_n in_o the_o reserve_n can_v advance_v draw_v up_o and_o fight_v on_o a_o spot_n of_o ground_n twenty_o four_o foot_n broad_a or_o yet_o on_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n three_o reserve_n obstruct_v help_n from_o the_o reserve_n hundred_o foot_n broad_a for_o there_o they_o shall_v only_o have_v ground_n to_o stand_v on_o but_o no_o room_n to_o handle_v their_o arm_n especial_o their_o musket_n but_o it_o will_v be_v yet_o worse_o if_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v fly_v and_o these_o of_o the_o reserve_v advance_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o that_o case_n such_o a_o medley_n and_o a_o embarras_n that_o they_o shall_v ruin_v one_o another_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o enemy_n i_o suppose_v for_o these_o or_o the_o like_a reason_n other_o allow_v as_o much_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n as_o can_v contain_v a_o brigade_n draw_v up_o behind_o it_o use_n large_a interval_n of_o better_a use_n in_o the_o reserve_v all_o the_o brigade_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o a_o like_a strength_n and_o number_n and_o thereby_o whether_o the_o battle_n â—eel_v faint_a or_o fly_v the_o reserve_n may_v come_v up_o to_o the_o shock_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o any_o impeachment_n give_v to_o it_o by_o the_o fly_a brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o thereby_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n give_v to_o those_o who_o flee_v or_o retire_v to_o rally_v on_o the_o ground_n whereon_o the_o reserve_v stand_v which_o be_v the_o order_n the_o ancient_a roman_n keep_v in_o their_o three_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n as_o i_o have_v at_o length_n show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o their_o art_n of_o war._n and_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n ago_o the_o interval_n between_o batallion_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o the_o complainâ—_n charles_n the_o five_o his_o complainâ—_n reserve_v can_v give_v they_o little_a or_o no_o assistance_n whereof_o he_o complain_v in_o his_o instruction_n to_o his_o son_n for_o he_o say_v they_o be_v all_o draw_v up_o in_o direct_a line_n these_o be_v his_o word_n that_o if_o you_o beat_v say_v he_o the_o foremost_a body_n they_o fall_v back_o upon_o the_o rest_n who_o be_v direct_o behind_o they_o and_o so_o bring_v they_o in_o disorder_n and_o consusion_n which_o hurtful_a error_n of_o marshal_v that_o emperor_n say_v he_o intend_v to_o rectify_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n refer_v the_o king_n his_o son_n to_o his_o write_a note_n upon_o that_o subject_a now_o what_o better_a way_n be_v there_o to_o rectify_v this_o evil_a than_o not_o to_o draw_v up_o any_o batallion_n of_o the_o reserve_v direct_o behind_o a_o batallion_n of_o the_o battle_n but_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n behind_o the_o interval_n that_o be_v between_o two_o batalion_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o roman_n way_n who_o draw_v up_o the_o three_o body_n of_o their_o several_a legion_n one_o behind_o another_o chequerwise_a and_o here_o the_o objection_n mention_v before_o that_o a_o enemy_n may_v easy_o enter_v at_o these_o wide_a interval_n and_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o brigade_n in_o battle_n must_v be_v answer_v ordnance_n interval_n defend_v by_o ordnance_n that_o these_o interval_n be_v defend_v with_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n suppose_v every_o one_o of_o they_o with_o four_o great_a and_o lesser_a piece_n or_o with_o three_o according_a as_o the_o train_n be_v great_a or_o small_a and_o if_o that_o do_v not_o the_o deed_n or_o that_o any_o of_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n begin_v to_o shrink_v or_o reel_v than_o that_o brigade_n of_o the_o reserve_v that_o be_v behind_o the_o interval_n in_o danger_n shall_v be_v order_v speedy_o to_o advance_v and_o possess_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
he_o be_v to_o advance_v his_o march_n speedy_o to_o gain_v a_o pass_n or_o advantage_n of_o ground_n or_o stop_v his_o march_n and_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v and_o if_o nothing_o else_o will_v help_v he_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n either_o front_a that_o same_o way_n as_o he_o be_v march_v or_o face_v about_o to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o be_v in_o his_o front_n or_o rear_v and_o let_v god_n dispose_v of_o the_o victory_n as_o seem_v good_a in_o his_o eye_n our_o modern_a army_n have_v march_v and_o do_v still_o march_v one_o of_o three_o several_a manner_n a_o army_n may_v â—arch_v in_o three_o several_a manner_n way_n these_o be_v first_o by_o divide_v a_o army_n into_o three_o several_a body_n vanguard_n battle_n and_o arrierguard_n second_o by_o march_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n as_o they_o use_v to_o fight_v and_o these_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n three_o all_o in_o one_o battle_n whereby_o be_v mean_v the_o half_a of_o the_o cavalry_n in_o the_o van_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o foot_n between_o they_o to_o clear_v all_o these_o three_o way_n of_o march_v let_v we_o suppose_v our_o army_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n these_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o first_o way_n thus_o in_o the_o vanguard_n body_n first_o manner_n in_o three_o body_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o these_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o horse_n to_o go_v before_o to_o search_v the_o way_n and_o discover_v that_o party_n shall_v be_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n before_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v small_a party_n send_v out_o about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n which_o shall_v constant_o acquaint_v the_o great_a party_n and_o it_o the_o brigade_n behind_o and_o so_o from_o hand_n vanguard_n vanguard_n to_o hand_n till_o the_o intelligence_n of_o all_o they_o learn_v come_v to_o the_o general_n after_o these_o forlorn_a troop_n of_o horse_n follow_v command_v musqueteer_n with_o pioner_n to_o smooth_a and_o make_v plain_a the_o way_n for_o the_o artillery_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o cut_v tree_n or_o hedge_n or_o fill_v hollow_a ground_n or_o ditch_n after_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n follow_v some_o field-piece_n suppose_v the_o half_a of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o army_n and_o some_o wagon_n load_v with_o ammunition_n immediate_o after_o they_o march_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a vanguard_n and_o behind_o it_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n so_o you_o see_v this_o vanguard_n be_v a_o petty_a army_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o battle_n in_o this_o order_n first_o two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o battle_n battle_n general_n in_o person_n attend_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o servant_n behind_o these_o the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n after_o it_o come_v in_o due_a order_n the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o to_o all_o the_o four_o brigade_n which_o compose_v the_o battle_n in_o the_o rear_n whereof_o march_v two_o more_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o sometime_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n after_o the_o battle_n come_v the_o reerguard_n of_o our_o army_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o vanguard_n for_o first_o rearguard_n rearguard_n march_v its_o baggage_n with_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n next_o follow_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n than_o some_o field-piece_n behind_o they_o the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v a_o party_n behind_o they_o at_o the_o distance_n at_o least_o of_o one_o english_a mile_n to_o give_v they_o advertisement_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v follow_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o and_o a_o very_a commendable_a manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n but_o observe_v to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n especial_o if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a these_o three_o great_a body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n if_o the_o country_n convenient_o way_n thâ—se_o three_o body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n afford_v they_o and_o this_o make_v a_o speedy_a march_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o battle_n must_v have_v two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o van_n guard_n and_o rearguard_n each_o of_o they_o but_o two_o whereas_o by_o our_o former_a marshal_v each_o of_o they_o have_v three_o when_o they_o divide_v they_o be_v appoint_v to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v whether_o that_o be_v every_o night_n or_o every_o three_o four_o or_o five_o night_n this_o be_v do_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a march_v and_o â—dgeth_v constant_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o artillery_n and_o these_o great_a officer_n who_o command_v the_o vanguard_n and_o arrierguard_n have_v major_n attend_v they_o every_o day_n and_o night_n beside_o ordinance-horseman_n to_o receive_v their_o direction_n and_o bring_v they_o speedy_o to_o they_o in_o regard_n some_o new_a intelligence_n may_v rational_o move_v they_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n or_o any_o order_n they_o give_v concern_v it_o the_o second_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o two_o body_n battle_n and_o body_n second_o manner_n in_o two_o body_n reserve_n you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o the_o army_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n which_o i_o thus_o order_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v first_o march_v 400_o command_v horse_n who_o shall_v have_v a_o small_a party_n before_o they_o to_o discover_v next_z they_o pioner_n or_o country_n people_n with_o a_o party_n of_o musqueteer_n or_o firelock_n to_o plain_a the_o way_n than_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n next_o they_o field-piece_n than_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o he_o who_o command_v by_o his_o authority_n the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n follow_v after_o who_o come_v the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o coach_n and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n and_o all_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o all_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o the_o brigade_n themselves_o march_v after_o which_o come_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o reserve_n follow_v in_o this_o order_n first_o a_o command_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o reserve_n reserve_n foot_n than_o the_o whole_a baggage_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o reserve_v next_o to_o it_o field-piece_n with_o their_o wagon_n of_o ammunition_n after_o they_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n about_o one_o english_a mile_n behind_o they_o follow_v the_o rearguard_n of_o command_a horse_n these_o two_o great_a body_n for_o expedition_n way_n these_o two_o body_n may_v march_v two_o several_a way_n sake_n may_v likewise_o march_v two_o several_a way_n if_o the_o general_n have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o join_v when_o he_o give_v order_n for_o it_o observe_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o battle_n be_v the_o reserve_v and_o the_o reserve_n be_v the_o battle_n and_o consequent_o more_o brigade_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n than_o in_o the_o van_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n at_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n march_v be_v when_o it_o neither_o march_v in_o two_o body_n three_o manner_n in_o one_o body_n nor_o three_o distinct_a body_n but_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v let_v i_o then_o once_o more_o refresh_v your_o memory_n by_o tell_v you_o our_o army_n consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n march_v first_o and_o make_v the_o vanguard_n these_o have_v before_o they_o command_v horse_n pioner_n and_o musqueteer_n as_o the_o other_o have_v then_o follow_v four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o general_n after_o they_o next_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n with_o his_o whole_a train_n after_o it_o march_v the_o other_o four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n compose_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o army_n the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o
will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o army_n into_o two_o three_o or_o more_o body_n and_o march_v several_a way_n to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o he_o be_v in_o your_o rear_n and_o that_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v divide_v so_o you_o keep_v good_a order_n facilitate_v your_o retreat_n the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a captain_n order_v that_o in_o a_o march_n when_o one_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a partition_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifty_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o only_o eighty_o foot_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o these_o prince_n cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n in_o three_o great_a body_n van_n guard_n battle_n and_o rearguard_n and_o those_o they_o call_v tercias_n or_o tersos_fw-la a_o spanish_a word_n which_o signify_v three_o and_o so_o the_o spaniard_n call_v their_o regiment_n of_o old_a and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v they_o do_v so_o still_o these_o tersos_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v indeed_o grand_a brigade_n and_o these_o have_v maâ—â—rs_n who_o be_v call_v major_n of_o the_o brigade_n beside_o major_n of_o regiment_n and_o in_o a_o march_n the_o prince_n allow_v no_o great_a distance_n between_o these_o great_a body_n but_o a_o hundred_o or_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n at_o most_o and_o herein_o they_o do_v not_o quadrate_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a captain_n who_o will_v have_v as_o great_a a_o distance_n between_o brigade_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o brigade_n be_v which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o be_v very_o many_o time_n a_o thousand_o foot_n though_o sometime_o less_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o such_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o very_a nine_o interval_n between_o the_o ten_o brigade_n take_v up_o nine_o thousand_o foot_n near_o two_o italian_a mile_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a there_o will_v be_v several_a mile_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n but_o the_o reason_n bring_v by_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o judgement_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a by_o a_o visible_a practice_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o go_v over_o a_o pass_n a_o water_n or_o a_o bridge_n the_o whole_a straight_a to_o march_v over_o a_o pass_n or_o a_o straight_a body_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o march_v very_o close_o lose_v something_o of_o their_o ordinary_a distance_n that_o one_o brigade_n or_o batallion_n be_v past_a another_o may_v immediate_o follow_v without_o intermission_n captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n say_v at_o the_o pass_v a_o strait_a a_o army_n shall_v make_v a_o halt_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o so_o many_o in_o breast_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o encamp_a of_o a_o army_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n require_v a_o orderly_a time_n to_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v for_o a_o long_a time_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o ordinary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o several_a accident_n and_o emergement_n such_o as_o these_o when_o a_o enemy_n come_v unexpected_o who_o strength_n and_o design_n be_v not_o know_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o he_o will_v preserve_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n himself_o or_o to_o his_o friend_n or_o that_o he_o have_v win_v it_o from_o his_o enemy_n when_o the_o pestilence_n or_o other_o
weak_a according_a to_o the_o nearness_n of_o a_o enemy_n foot_n be_v full_a and_o complete_a i_o think_v either_o in_o field_n or_o garrison_n a_o enemy_n not_o be_v near_o the_o four_o night_n duty_n be_v enough_o to_o keep_v officer_n and_o soldier_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o business_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v the_o three_o night_n easy_a enough_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o and_o have_v not_o yet_o make_v approach_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o weary_a soldier_n more_o than_o be_v needful_a the_o three_o night_n watch_n will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o number_n as_o the_o carefulness_n order_n and_o diligence_n of_o watch_n that_o preserve_v a_o camp_n town_n or_o fort_n from_o surprisal_n but_o when_o a_o enemy_n have_v invest_v the_o place_n and_o make_v approach_n more_o sentinel_n be_v requisite_a and_o consequent_o more_o man_n aught_v to_o be_v on_o the_o guard_n and_o this_o may_v bring_v the_o duty_n to_o the_o second_o night_n sometime_o i_o have_v see_v soldier_n keep_v on_o duty_n two_o night_n together_o and_o have_v only_o the_o three_o night_n allow_v they_o to_o repose_v and_o not_o to_o go_v to_o bed_n or_o put_v off_o their_o clothes_n that_o three_o night_n neither_o but_o to_o lie_v in_o readiness_n to_o run_v to_o their_o post_n so_o soon_o as_o call_v upon_o but_o when_o a_o bâ—siegeâ—_n have_v make_v gallery_n over_o the_o ditch_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o besiege_a to_o lie_v constant_o at_o their_o several_a post_n our_o modern_a guard_n be_v as_o the_o ancient_a be_v either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n in_o the_o field_n whether_o the_o camp_n be_v fortify_v or_o not_o foot_n and_o horse_n have_v some_o guard_n appoint_v without_o the_o leaguer_n sometime_o together_o sometime_o horse_n guard_n of_o horse_n the_o horse_n without_o the_o foot_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v sentinel_n on_o horse_n back_o in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o major_a general_n or_o adjutant_n general_n shall_v appoint_v and_o these_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v visit_v often_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o cavalry_n who_o be_v on_o the_o watch_n â—r_o by_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n these_o visit_n be_v ordin_fw-fr 〈…〉_o y_fw-es call_v patroâ—llies_n or_o patrovilles_n to_o distinguish_v they_o i_o think_v from_o the_o visit_n of_o the_o foot_n guard_n which_o be_v call_v round_n in_o garrison_n horseman_n be_v seldom_o require_v to_o watch_v in_o the_o night_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n but_o in_o the_o day_n time_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o ride_v out_o in_o party_n as_o strong_a and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v and_o this_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o call_v recognosce_v or_o beat_v the_o street_n within_o a_o leaguer_n the_o foot_n keep_v guard_n constant_o beside_o these_o outer_a post_n speak_v of_o already_o the_o guards_z within_z be_v twofold_a ordinary_a and_o twofold_a foot_n guardâ—_n twofold_a extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v those_o which_o be_v keep_v within_o the_o fortification_n for_o its_o necessary_a defence_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bastion_n curtain_n redoubt_n or_o sconce_n the_o extraordinary_a be_v such_o as_o be_v keep_v at_o the_o general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o other_o general_a officer_n lodging_n at_o the_o proviant_a the_o wagon_n at_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n but_o observe_v that_o here_o the_o sentinel_n must_v stand_v with_o pike_n for_o be_v so_o near_o powder_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v burn_a match_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o take_v tabaco_n there_o be_v also_o two_o kind_n of_o sentinel_n extraordinary_a sentinel_n and_o ordinary_a one_o the_o extraordinary_a sentinel_n be_v those_o we_o call_v forlorn_a the_o word_n we_o horrid_a forlorn_a sentinel_n or_o perdues_z of_o horrid_a have_v from_o the_o dutch_a which_o signify_v lose_v the_o french_a call_v they_o perdues_z which_o be_v the_o same_o there_o be_v of_o they_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o first_o sit_v on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n the_o foot_n perdue_n lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o have_v foot_n forlorn_a sentinel_n of_o foot_n neither_o musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carabine_n only_o a_o sword_n draw_v and_o if_o he_o be_v master_n of_o a_o dagger_n and_o a_o pistol_n he_o may_v have_v they_o too_o he_o be_v call_v lose_v because_o he_o be_v put_v in_o the_o most_o dangerous_a place_n and_o near_a the_o enemy_n neither_o be_v he_o to_o come_v back_o if_o he_o be_v only_o attack_v by_o one_o man_n if_o by_o two_o he_o may_v retire_v to_o the_o next_o perdue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o but_o if_o a_o great_a number_n than_o two_o come_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o run_v quick_o and_o alarm_n that_o guard_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v in_o this_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o alarm_n i_o wonder_v why_o monsieur_n de_fw-fr gaya_n in_o the_o 82_o page_n of_o his_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o garrison_n when_o alarm_n be_v beat_v or_o sound_v all_o soldier_n shall_v first_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n house_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o to_o maintain_v this_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o strange_a doctrine_n unless_o he_o have_v assurance_n that_o a_o enemy_n will_v neither_o enter_v nor_o scalade_n till_o his_o soldier_n first_o very_o fair_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n lodging_n and_o then_o march_v to_o their_o post_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n i_o hold_v it_o more_o convenient_a that_o the_o soldier_n run_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v though_o man_n by_o man_n â—_o la_fw-fr desbandad_o direct_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rampart_n or_o retrenchment_n ordain_v for_o they_o to_o defend_v common_o call_v post_n or_o alarm-place_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o captain_n quarter_n we_o make_v it_o the_o sergeant_n duty_n to_o place_v the_o foot_n perdues_z at_o these_o post_n appoint_v by_o the_o sergeant_n major_n but_o i_o have_v know_v it_o do_v by_o the_o furâ—r_n or_o caporal_a of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o where_o such_o a_o officer_n be_v allow_v it_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sergeant_n who_o have_v employment_n enough_o beside_o he_o who_o be_v to_o be_v perdue_n shall_v be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n who_o the_o french_a call_n appoint_v and_o where_o these_o have_v no_o allowance_n of_o pay_n the_o captain_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o who_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o behaviour_n he_o conceive_v most_o fit_a for_o that_o employment_n the_o furer_n or_o sergeant_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o forlorn_a to_o his_o post_n and_o bring_v the_o other_o away_o with_o he_o he_o be_v also_o oblige_v frequent_o to_o visit_v his_o perdues_z for_o veâ—y_n often_o if_o they_o be_v not_o vigilant_a they_o be_v steal_v away_o bâ—_n a_o active_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o no_o perdues_z either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o the_o word_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v take_v a_o better_a order_n in_o my_o opinion_n than_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n who_o entrust_v their_o common_a soldier_n with_o the_o tessera_fw-la our_o forlorn_a sentinel_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o field_n when_o two_o army_n lyâ—_n near_o other_o wait_v their_o advantage_n but_o they_o be_v especial_o make_v use_n of_o at_o sieges_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n the_o ordinary_a sentinel_n if_o he_o belong_v to_o the_o cavalry_n stand_v on_o horseback_n foot_n ordinary_a sentinel_n of_o horse_n of_o foot_n the_o footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o camp_n town_n or_o garrison_n stand_v with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v see_v gentleman_n of_o company_n stand_v with_o draw_v sword_n at_o the_o chamber-door_n of_o prince_n when_o they_o have_v be_v visit_v garrison_n but_o notwithstanding_o that_o all_o foot_n soldier_n shall_v stand_v without_o duty_n their_o duty_n door_n with_o their_o ordinary_a arm_n whether_o tâ—â—_n be_v pike_n or_o musket_n when_o they_o be_v sentinel_n and_o constant_o at_o their_o seâ—â—â—nel_n posture_n neither_o shall_v any_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o set_v down_o their_o arm_n the_o whole_a time_n they_o be_v on_o that_o duty_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weary_a they_o may_v shoulder_v their_o pike_n or_o musket_n and_o walk_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o they_o and_o so_o refresh_v themselves_o but_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o commissionated_a officer_n they_o be_v immediate_o to_o return_v to_o their_o sentinel-posture_n yet_o they_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o set_v their_o arm_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n but_o this_o be_v too_o much_o connive_v at_o by_o officer_n who_o thereby_o show_v
either_o their_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n in_o not_o hee_v or_o not_o know_v what_o belong_v to_o a_o sentinel_n who_o first_o duty_n be_v to_o have_v one_o of_o his_o hand_n at_o his_o arm_n when_o either_o they_o be_v order_v or_o shoulder_v and_o both_o hand_n at_o his_o musket_n when_o he_o be_v at_o his_o sentinel-posture_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v a_o more_o proper_a punishment_n for_o this_o neglect_n than_o to_o make_v that_o soldier_n who_o will_v not_o carry_v his_o own_o musket_n one_o hour_n carry_v both_o it_o and_o three_o musket_n more_o belong_v to_o his_o comrade_n upon_o botâ—_n his_o shoulder_n two_o hour_n as_o for_o the_o time_n how_o long_o a_o ordinary_a sentinel_n shall_v stand_v whether_o on_o horse_n or_o foot_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v be_v on_o that_o duty_n long_o than_o one_o hour_n for_o he_o may_v grow_v either_o weary_a or_o sleepy_a or_o both_o and_o in_o that_o time_n he_o will_v be_v sometime_o visit_v by_o his_o caporal_n or_o lancespesate_n and_o in_o a_o rigid_a frosty_a winter_n night_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o stand_v long_o than_o half_a a_o hour_n at_o one_o bout_n in_o garrison_n and_o fortify_v camp_n sentinel_n of_o foot_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o frock_n and_o hood_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o rain_n snow_n and_o cold_a which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v to_o deliver_v to_o he_o who_o relieve_v he_o there_o shall_v also_o be_v little_a wooden_a house_n which_o common_o be_v call_v sentinel_n house_n build_v for_o they_o on_o the_o wall_n of_o town_n castle_n and_o camp_n three_o on_o every_o bastion_n and_o two_o on_o every_o curtain_n those_o who_o stand_v sentinel_n at_o commander_n and_o officer_n door_n in_o town_n or_o doors_z sentinels_z at_z officer_n doors_z leaguer_n need_v not_o and_o i_o think_v shall_v not_o challenge_v any_o man_n that_o pass_v unless_o he_o offer_v to_o come_v within_o his_o arm_n and_o if_o officer_n will_v advert_v to_o this_o neither_o themselves_o or_o other_o will_v be_v so_o much_o trouble_v with_o the_o needless_a vociferation_n and_o clamour_n of_o those_o senseless_a sentinel_n who_o stand_v at_o their_o door_n wall_n sentinel_n on_o wall_n a_o sentinel_n on_o a_o wall_n in_o the_o night_n time_n shall_v challenge_v all_o who_o come_v near_o he_o if_o they_o be_v round_n he_o be_v to_o permit_v they_o to_o pass_v if_o not_o or_o that_o he_o know_v not_o what_o they_o be_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o cry_v alarm_n upon_o which_o not_o only_o the_o guard_n but_o all_o within_o either_o garrison_n or_o camp_n either_o do_v or_o shall_v run_v in_o arm_n to_o their_o several_a post_n those_o who_o stand_v at_o guard_n sentinel_n at_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n the_o door_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o several_a corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n ought_v indeed_o in_o the_o night_n time_n to_o challenge_v all_o who_o come_v near_o they_o but_o shall_v hinder_v none_o to_o pass_v about_o their_o affair_n unless_o they_o misdemean_v themselves_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n but_o if_o those_o who_o come_v near_o they_o be_v round_n or_o call_v themselves_o so_o the_o sentinel_n be_v to_o stop_v they_o require_v they_o to_o stand_v and_o immediate_o to_o call_v out_o his_o caporal_n and_o if_o those_o person_n who_o call_v themselves_o round_n will_v not_o stand_v after_o they_o have_v be_v twice_o or_o thrice_o require_v so_o to_o do_v the_o sentinel_n may_v lawful_o fire_v upon_o they_o or_o push_v at_o they_o with_o his_o pike_n and_o be_v free_a from_o any_o mischief_n that_o be_v do_v they_o as_o be_v procure_v by_o either_o their_o own_o wickedness_n or_o folly_n or_o both_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o sentinel_n to_o a_o round_a shall_v lead_v i_o to_o speak_v of_o round_n but_o before_o round_n be_v appoint_v to_o go_v the_o watch_n must_v be_v set_v whereof_o the_o round_n be_v a_o appendix_n or_o part_n in_o set_v watch_n and_o appoint_v guard_n watch_n four_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o watch_n observe_v short_o four_o thing_n the_o time_n when_o the_o place_n where_o the_o number_n how_o many_o and_o the_o person_n who_o shall_v visit_v these_o watch_n or_o guard_n a_o guard_n that_o be_v vigilant_a preserve_v those_o who_o sleep_n and_o sentinel_n be_v the_o guard_n of_o that_o guard_n all_o these_o four_o particular_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o as_o his_o pleasure_n shall_v over-rule_v in_o they_o all_o so_o time_n place_n occasion_n emergence_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o he_o serve_v shall_v over-rule_v he_o to_o keep_v too_o many_o on_o watch_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n render_v those_o who_o watch_n incapable_a to_o watch_n at_o all_o to_o keep_v too_o few_o encourage_v your_o enemy_n to_o attempt_v that_o from_o which_o a_o well_o order_v and_o sufficient_o strong_a guard_n will_v deter_v he_o but_o by_o all_o soldier_n though_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n to_o be_v imagine_v a_o watch_n shall_v be_v keep_v neither_o can_v a_o command_v issue_n from_o a_o prince_n that_o can_v or_o shall_v hinder_v a_o officer_n to_o keep_v watch_n though_o their_o order_n may_v be_v such_o as_o may_v render_v man_n uncapable_a both_o to_o do_v the_o main_a business_n about_o which_o they_o be_v send_v and_o keep_v any_o considerable_a watch_n or_o any_o watch_n at_o all_o but_o to_o our_o four_o particular_n observable_a in_o watch_n i_o say_v the_o time_n when_o the_o guard_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o army_n for_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o when_o the_o time_n 〈…〉_o when_o watch_n in_o garrison_n afterward_o if_o they_o be_v on_o a_o march_n be_v immediate_o after_o a_o whole_a army_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o be_v quarter_v whether_o that_o be_v in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n the_o cavalry_n be_v to_o send_v out_o troop_n and_o party_n to_o recognosce_fw-la and_o keep_v outer_a guard_n sometime_o they_o have_v foot_n with_o they_o but_o for_o most_o part_n they_o watch_v alone_o and_o the_o foot_n be_v to_o set_v their_o watch_n instant_o after_o their_o arrival_n before_o any_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o quarter_n the_o place_n where_o the_o horseman_n where_o the_o place_n where_o be_v to_o keep_v their_o guard_n be_v without_o the_o quarter_n further_o or_o near_o as_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o major_a general_n or_o adjutant_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o appoint_v those_o guard_n the_o place_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n be_v within_o the_o quarter_n or_o very_o near_o to_o it_o fortify_v by_o some_o hedge_n or_o enclosure_n some_o church_n or_o church_n yard_n help_v with_o the_o spade_n and_o matâ—ock_n the_o number_n how_o many_o shall_v watch_v many_o the_o number_n how_o many_o either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n be_v uncertain_a as_o that_o which_o depend_v on_o the_o intelligence_n a_o general_n may_v have_v of_o the_o nearness_n or_o remoteness_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o person_n appoint_v to_o visit_v these_o guard_n be_v appoint_v by_o he_o who_o command_v at_o the_o guard_n the_o person_n who_o visit_v these_o guard_n head-watch_n and_o these_o visitor_n be_v call_v patrovillâ—s_n and_o round_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o in_o our_o modern_a militia_n we_o do_v not_o follow_v the_o grecian_a nor_o roman_a custom_n in_o give_v the_o office_n of_o ride_a round_n only_o to_o horseman_n for_o with_o we_o those_o of_o the_o cavalry_n ride_v their_o patrovil_n and_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n either_o ride_v or_o walk_v their_o round_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o iâ—_n fortify_v camp_n where_o army_n be_v to_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n there_o be_v a_o definite_a leaguer_n watch_n in_o fortify_v leaguer_n hour_n appoint_v by_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a when_o the_o trumpet_n shall_v sound_v and_o the_o drum_n beat_v for_o set_v the_o watch._n so_o soon_o as_o the_o horseman_n be_v conveen_v they_o be_v send_v to_o their_o several_a post_n without_o the_o camp_n for_o the_o foot_n there_o be_v a_o place_n appoint_v where_o all_o the_o guard_n shall_v meet_v and_z this_o be_v call_v the_o parading-place_n parad_n signify_v a_o show_n and_o so_o do_v monster_n military_a what_o a_o parade_n what_o man_n have_v appropriate_v the_o first_o to_o that_o show_n watch_v make_v before_o they_o go_v to_o their_o several_a post_n and_o the_o second_o to_o that_o show_n officer_n and_o common_a soldier_n make_v to_o muster-master_n and_o commissary_n before_o they_o enter_v into_o pay_n or_o after_o when_o they_o be_v review_v in_o leaguer_n the_o foot-watche_n be_v twofold_a first_o private_a these_o be_v guard_n to_o keep_v sentinel_n at_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o field_n officer_n the_o colour_n arm_n ammunition_n and_o wagon_n next_o public_a guard_n and_o these_o consist_v of_o whole_a
hand_n of_o the_o battle_n before_o the_o battle_n begin_v there_o use_v to_o be_v fore-party_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o hope_n forlorn_a hope_n foot_n send_v out_o to_o skirmish_n these_o be_v call_v forlorn_a hope_n and_o enfans_fw-fr perdues_z those_o of_o the_o foot_n shall_v advance_v one_o hundred_o pace_n before_o the_o body_n those_o of_o the_o horse_n further_o but_o i_o find_v at_o the_o battle_n fight_v both_o at_o dreux_n and_o st._n dennis_n between_o the_o protestant_n and_o roman_a catholic_n of_o france_n none_o of_o those_o forlorn_a hope_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o and_o as_o few_o be_v use_v at_o lutsen_n where_o gustavus_n adolphus_n lose_v his_o life_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v marshal_v his_o army_n your_o artillery_n shall_v incessant_o enemy_n to_o advance_v on_o a_o enemy_n play_v upon_o he_o to_o hinder_v he_o all_o you_o may_v to_o order_v his_o affair_n and_o if_o your_o battle_n be_v already_o marshal_v under_o the_o shelter_n of_o your_o ordnance_n you_o shall_v advance_v and_o take_v your_o advantage_n of_o he_o before_o his_o batallion_n or_o squadron_n be_v draw_v up_o but_o in_o so_o good_a order_n that_o the_o scene_n be_v not_o change_v that_o by_o your_o precipitation_n you_o give_v not_o he_o a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v advantage_n of_o you_o your_o advance_n on_o a_o enemy_n in_o what_o posture_n soever_o he_o be_v shall_v be_v with_o a_o constant_a firm_a and_o steady_a pace_n the_o musketeer_n whether_o they_o be_v on_o the_o flank_n or_o interline_v with_o either_o the_o horse_n or_o the_o pike_n fire_v all_o the_o while_n but_o when_o you_o come_v within_o pistol-shot_n you_o shall_v double_v your_o pace_n till_o your_o pike_n close_o ser_v together_o charge_v these_o whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n who_o they_o find_v before_o they_o it_o be_v true_a the_o business_n very_o oft_o come_v not_o to_o push_v of_o pike_n but_o it_o have_v and_o may_v come_v oft_o to_o it_o and_o then_o pike-man_n be_v very_o 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maurice_n duke_n of_o saxe_n who_o be_v get_v very_o near_o he_o before_o he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o march_n retire_v with_o great_a silence_n in_o the_o night_n time_n from_o inspruck_a for_o haste_n leave_v some_o of_o his_o householdstuff_n behind_o he_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n have_v victual_v the_o besiege_a town_n of_o landrecy_n in_o view_n of_o both_o the_o imperial_a and_o english_a five_o francis_n the_o first_o from_o charles_n the_o five_o army_n march_v twelve_o league_n baâ—k_v to_o guise_n where_o he_o stay_v till_o the_o emperor_n come_v in_o person_n who_o march_v with_o a_o puissant_a army_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n but_o francis_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o engagement_n leave_v some_o tent_n and_o baggage_n and_o many_o fire_n and_o in_o the_o night_n without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n retire_v to_o place_n of_o safety_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o brave_a action_n that_o ever_o be_v do_v by_o 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it_o then_o fit_a to_o retire_v but_o many_o who_o have_v prefer_v a_o vain_a punctilio_fw-la of_o honour_n to_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n have_v lose_v both_o their_o army_n and_o their_o honour_n whereof_o take_v only_o two_o instance_n after_o lautrec_n captain_n general_n of_o the_o french_a army_n have_v obstinate_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o naples_n notwithstanding_o that_o a_o pestilentious_a disease_n have_v consume_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o make_v the_o rest_n unserviceable_a whereof_o he_o die_v himself_o the_o marquis_n of_o salusses_n who_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o command_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o other_o prime_a officer_n resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v to_o anversa_n where_o a_o french_a garrison_n lie_v three_o league_n from_o the_o camp_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o know_v their_o danger_n since_o the_o imperialist_n be_v very_o strong_a within_o the_o city_n command_v by_o two_o great_a captain_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o they_o divide_v their_o infirm_a and_o sickly_a army_n equal_o into_o three_o part_n foot_n and_o horse_n mix_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o with_o every_o batallion_n appoint_v three_o falconet_n leave_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n in_o their_o leaguer_n as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n at_o break_v of_o day_n they_o march_v without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n and_o a_o tempestuous_a rain_n fall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n hinder_v the_o imperial_a sentinel_n and_o guard_n for_o a_o great_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o french_a retreat_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o be_v overtake_v by_o 500_o horse_n and_o some_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o though_o the_o last_o batallion_n of_o the_o french_a fire_v and_o fight_v right_o well_o yet_o do_v the_o imperial_a horse_n increase_v in_o number_n fierce_o charge_v they_o and_o rout_n they_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o second_o batallion_n likewise_o kill_v and_o take_v all_o those_o naples_n error_n in_o the_o fâ—ench_a retreat_n from_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n by_o a_o speedy_a march_n get_v to_o anversa_n and_o save_v themselves_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v and_o make_v they_o render_v on_o discretion_n now_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o marquis_n have_v begin_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n or_o at_o midnight_n for_o it_o be_v in_o autumn_n he_o have_v undoubted_o bring_v his_o army_n safe_a to_o anversa_n for_o his_o rear_n will_v have_v be_v soon_o by_o that_o account_n at_o that_o place_n than_o his_o van_n be_v which_o come_v safe_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o to_o march_v till_o break_v of_o day_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v save_v his_o own_o life_n for_o there_o he_o get_v his_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o second_o instance_n be_v of_o piter_n strozzi_n a_o florentine_a who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o a_o army_n of_o french_a under_o henry_n the_o second_o near_o to_o sienna_n within_o which_o marshal_n monluc_n be_v governor_n a_o army_n of_o spaniard_n under_o the_o command_n of_o james_n of_o medici_n strong_a by_o far_a than_o strozzi_n lay_v close_o by_o he_o strozzi_n resolve_v to_o retire_v to_o lusignan_n but_o will_v needs_o do_v it_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o consult_v the_o matter_n by_o letter_n with_o monluc_n who_o dissuade_v he_o from_o it_o with_o many_o reason_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o fresh_a example_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o france_n his_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n from_o guise_n and_o so_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o retire_v in_o the_o nighttime_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o day_n be_v spend_v he_o send_v away_o two_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n to_o lusignan_n intend_v to_o follow_v with_o the_o army_n but_o the_o haughty_a florentine_a look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o he_o to_o show_v his_o sienna_n error_n in_o strozzi_n his_o retreat_n from_o sienna_n back_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o medici_n to_o who_o family_n he_o carry_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n will_v needs_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o spite_n of_o he_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o the_o issue_n be_v his_o army_n be_v rout_v and_o himself_o hardly_o escape_v but_o that_o which_o monluc_n write_v of_o this_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o he_o no_o soon_o understand_v that_o strozzi_n have_v resolve_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o daytime_n but_o foresee_v the_o event_n of_o so_o frantic_a a_o resolution_n he_o instant_o conveen_v the_o podesta_n the_o magistrate_n and_o principal_a citizen_n of_o sienna_n and_o assure_v they_o the_o army_n in_o which_o they_o trust_v at_o that_o very_a time_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o he_o be_v speak_v to_o they_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o advise_v they_o without_o delay_n to_o prepare_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o the_o event_n show_v he_o speak_v true_o if_o not_o prophetical_o for_o that_o day_n be_v the_o french_a army_n beat_v and_o next_o day_n the_o city_n be_v invest_v by_o the_o victorious_a army_n it_o be_v true_a two_o of_o king_n ferdinand_n general_n cazzianer_n and_o rocandolf_n time_n retreat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o time_n each_z whereof_z lose_v a_o army_n to_o their_o master_n of_o 24000_o or_o 30000._o brave_a german_n retire_v the_o first_o from_o esecchio_n the_o last_o from_o buda_n both_o in_o the_o nighttime_n but_o they_o do_v it_o not_o soon_o enough_o and_o lose_v their_o army_n deserve_o because_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v at_o these_o place_n against_o all_o reason_n and_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o principal_a officer_n when_o they_o have_v certain_a intelligence_n of_o the_o daily_a march_n and_o approach_v of_o the_o turk_n i_o never_o say_v nor_o think_v that_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o night_n will_v infallible_o save_v a_o army_n i_o
have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o contrary_a but_o i_o ever_o say_v and_o still_o think_v that_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o a_o retreat_z be_v much_o more_o proper_a to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n the_o timely_a and_o orderly_o break_v up_o and_o retire_v of_o army_n from_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n have_v save_v many_o of_o they_o whereof_o it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o discourse_n of_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o manner_n of_o retreat_n whether_o they_o be_v make_v by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n use_v retreat_n the_o manner_n of_o a_o retreat_n to_o be_v this_o 1._o the_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n except_o some_o field-piece_n which_o shall_v stay_v in_o the_o rear_n with_o the_o general_n coach_n chancery_n and_o principal_a secretary_n be_v send_v away_o with_o a_o strong_a convoy_n of_o foot_n and_o some_o horse_n than_o all_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a man_n next_o to_o they_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n next_o to_o it_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n behind_o who_o come_v the_o whole_a brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o after_o they_o the_o cavalry_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o it_o all_o the_o dragoon_n with_o as_o many_o command_v musketeer_n out_o of_o the_o several_a foot-regiment_n as_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a think_v fit_v and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o mount_v on_o horse_n as_o can_v be_v and_o behind_o they_o a_o select_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o present_a service_n which_o be_v to_o be_v relieve_v by_o turn_n by_o those_o who_o be_v before_o they_o one_o party_n still_o face_v the_o enemy_n till_o the_o party_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o be_v past_a this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v if_o the_o whole_a army_n march_v one_o way_n but_o if_o it_o can_v divide_v and_o go_v several_a way_n the_o expedition_n will_v be_v the_o great_a the_o time_n and_o place_n be_v name_v the_o last_o whereof_o shall_v be_v a_o pass_n or_o fortify_v place_n by_o the_o general_n where_o all_o shall_v meet_v so_o that_o he_o who_o be_v first_o shall_v stay_v for_o the_o rest_n unless_o some_o command_n be_v give_v afterward_o to_o the_o contrary_n the_o same_o order_n in_o retire_v be_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o several_a grand_a division_n or_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o if_o it_o march_v in_o one_o body_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n make_v so_o long_a a_o train_n that_o it_o retard_v country_n wagon_n and_o cart_n rather_o to_o be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o highway_n than_o to_o be_v burn_v in_o a_o close_a country_n the_o retreat_n exceed_o especial_o where_o there_o be_v enclosure_n and_o hedge_n and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o in_o all_o retreat_n order_n be_v not_o give_v to_o leave_v all_o wagon_n and_o cart_n behind_o for_o in_o a_o close_a country_n that_o will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o advantageous_a than_o to_o burn_v they_o and_o every_o man_n shall_v take_v his_o best_a and_o most_o precious_a thing_n out_o of_o they_o leave_v all_o trash_n and_o luggage_n of_o small_a value_n in_o they_o which_o will_v likewise_o retard_v the_o pursue_a enemy_n and_o these_o good_n the_o officer_n shall_v cast_v upon_o one_o horse_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baggage-horse_n either_o sick_a man_n shall_v be_v mount_v or_o musketeer_n for_o service_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v see_v do_v by_o the_o colonel_n themselves_o under_o pain_n of_o infamy_n and_o no_o less_o do_v they_o deserve_v who_o will_v prefer_v a_o little_a paltry_a stuff_n to_o either_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o any_o one_o sick_a or_o wound_a member_n of_o it_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o do_v so_o oft_o as_o occasion_n require_v it_o shall_v be_v which_o gross_a oversight_n can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o so_o much_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v to_o none_o else_o but_o to_o the_o general_n in_o all_o retreat_n great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v that_o none_o get_v leave_v to_o fall_v behind_o to_o prevent_v which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a officer_n of_o regiment_n shall_v do_v their_o duty_n but_o the_o general_a marshal_n shall_v severe_o execute_v their_o power_n against_o delinquent_n and_o here_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o shoot_v those_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o some_o light_a field-piece_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o there_o they_o may_v be_v serviceable_a and_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a if_o they_o be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o who_o command_v the_o army_n see_v he_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n â—ace_n about_o and_o fight_v nor_o can_v retire_v in_o that_o order_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v hardly_o pursue_v by_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevalent_a enemy_n he_o shall_v rather_o bury_v or_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o break_v and_o spring_v his_o great_a ordnance_n retreat_n ordnance_z to_o be_v break_v or_o spring_v in_o sudden_a retreat_n than_o lose_v his_o army_n by_o a_o hopeless_a hazard_n it_o to_o preserve_v his_o artillery_n and_o rather_o leave_v his_o foot_n to_o fight_v for_o good_a quarter_n than_o lose_v both_o it_o and_o his_o cavalry_n for_o the_o rule_n never_o fail_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o yet_o all_o mean_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o either_o infantry_n or_o artillery_n be_v desert_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o stay_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n for_o a_o mortar_n which_o be_v a_o great_a one_o and_o bemire_v in_o deep_a and_o dirty_a way_n occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o prince_n palatine_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n king_n be_v little_a army_n in_o their_o retreat_n from_o lemgaw_n to_o vlotho_n when_o a_o party_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o of_o both_o perceive_v they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o fight_v nor_o retire_v in_o a_o body_n it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v practise_v to_o disband_v the_o party_n he_o who_o lead_v it_o bid_v every_o man_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o to_o go_v what_o way_n he_o please_v or_o shall_v find_v most_o safe_a or_o convenient_a for_o he_o and_o to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o place_n as_o he_o then_o name_n so_o soon_o as_o possible_o they_o can_v that_o famous_a retreat_n which_o the_o two_o feltmarshal_n banier_n and_o leslie_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1637._o from_o turgaw_n in_o saxony_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o noble_a action_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v short_o this_o banier_n have_v besiege_v tâ—rgaw_n banier_n and_o leslie_n s_o retreat_n from_o tâ—rgaw_n leipsick_a which_o keep_v out_o gallant_o against_o he_o he_o make_v some_o breach_n and_o prepare_v to_o storm_v it_o in_o that_o very_a time_n come_v letter_n from_o leslie_n show_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o the_o river_n saal_n and_o march_v towards_o he_o count_n get_v with_o a_o imperial_a army_n be_v much_o too_o strong_a for_o he_o banier_n immediate_o give_v over_o the_o storm_n and_o the_o siege_n too_o send_v away_o his_o artillery_n baggage_n and_o foot_n and_o follow_v with_o his_o cavalry_n and_o join_v leslie_n at_o turgaw_n this_o town_n they_o fortify_v and_o bring_v in_o a_o world_n of_o provision_n both_o for_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n against_o all_o the_o imperial_a and_o saxish_a army_n join_v together_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o number_n of_o fourscore_o thousand_o fight_a man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o count_n gallas_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o swede_n whereof_o the_o two_o swedish_n feltmarshal_n have_v good_a enough_o intelligence_n yet_o persist_v in_o their_o resolution_n till_o the_o imperialist_n be_v come_v very_o near_o they_o and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o cast_v up_o another_o account_n and_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v by_o their_o stay_n there_o a_o three_o of_o their_o force_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o little_a too_o late_o they_o resolve_v to_o march_v to_o pomerania_n and_o so_o break_v up_o and_o get_v over_o the_o river_n of_o other_o at_o landsberg_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o opposition_n and_o maugre_o all_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v about_o they_o join_v with_o felt-marshal_n wrangle_n without_o loss_n of_o either_o infantry_n or_o cavalry_n a_o very_a gallant_a and_o memorable_a action_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o they_o shall_v have_v begin_v their_o retreat_n soon_o and_o so_o have_v save_v that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o army_n which_o they_o lose_v next_o year_n banier_n make_v gallas_n retire_v with_o a_o quick_a pace_n than_o he_o have_v make_v when_o gallas_n
be_v the_o cutthroat_n of_o fortress_n all_o mill_n house_n of_o pleasure_n tree_n yard_n garden_n barn_n enclosure_n hedge_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o under_o or_o by_o which_o he_o conceive_v a_o enemy_n may_v be_v shelter_v or_o make_v his_o approach_n more_o easy_a and_o this_o he_o shall_v do_v betimes_o that_o before_o a_o enemy_n arrival_n all_o within_o two_o hundred_o pace_n of_o the_o counterscarp_n may_v be_v a_o esplanad_n for_o true_o when_o the_o besiege_v army_n advance_v near_o the_o town_n i_o fort._n to_o make_v all_o plain_a without_o the_o fort._n know_v not_o what_o good_a it_o be_v or_o can_v do_v to_o burn_v house_n which_o indeed_o be_v quick_o do_v but_o the_o wall_n of_o those_o house_n stand_v gives_z as_o good_a and_o as_o easy_a shelter_n though_o not_o so_o good_a a_o accommodation_n as_o the_o house_n do_v next_o the_o governor_n be_v to_o divide_v all_o his_o man_n into_o several_a post_n allow_v so_o many_o to_o the_o post_n to_o divide_v it_o in_o 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day_n three_o hundred_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n which_o make_v thirty_o seven_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a you_o will_v think_v this_o the_o more_o incredible_a when_o you_o hear_v immediate_o what_o baggage_n they_o carry_v concern_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o grecian_a army_n our_o author_n give_v we_o this_o account_n first_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o appoint_v a_o judicious_a and_o active_a person_n to_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o it_o he_o say_v well_o next_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o sometime_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o van_n of_o the_o army_n and_o so_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v if_o the_o baggage_n baggage_n enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n when_o the_o army_n advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n and_o good_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o there_o may_v be_v strong_a enough_o reason_n for_o that_o too_o but_o sometime_o he_o say_v 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pallisadoe_n the_o second_o of_o meat_n and_o clothes_n and_o the_o three_o of_o utensil_n for_o a_o kitchin_n if_o of_o all_o these_o three_o the_o greek_a be_v only_o oblige_v to_o carry_v his_o arm_n he_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o roman_a in_o all_o march_n and_o expedition_n yet_o i_o suppose_v my_o reader_n may_v hazard_v with_o i_o to_o believe_v that_o before_o philip_n of_o macedon_n time_n the_o grecian_a soldier_n carry_v no_o other_o burden_n than_o their_o arm_n but_o have_v baggage_n the_o grecian_a soldier_n carry_v no_o baggage_n either_o carriage-beast_n or_o drudge_n allow_v they_o for_o carry_v their_o victual_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o this_o conjecture_n i_o ground_n upon_o what_o i_o have_v read_v in_o thucydides_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o at_o syracuse_n after_o the_o unfortunate_a athenian_n have_v lose_v their_o navy_n in_o which_o be_v all_o or_o most_o of_o their_o provision_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o march_v away_o by_o land_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o potent_a city_n to_o seek_v new_a fortune_n their_o soldier_n be_v necessitate_v to_o carry_v their_o meat_n themselves_o because_o say_v the_o historian_n they_o have_v most_o lose_v their_o slave_n and_o drudge_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o carry_v it_o and_o some_o few_o who_o slave_n have_v stay_v still_o with_o they_o dare_v not_o trust_v they_o with_o so_o precious_a a_o thing_n as_o meat_n than_o be_v lest_o in_o that_o sad_a disaster_n they_o shall_v run_v away_o with_o it_o and_o so_o starve_v they_o if_o then_o their_o slave_n run_v away_o from_o time_n till_o philip_n of_o macedon_n time_n they_o than_o slave_n be_v allow_v they_o and_o it_o seem_v king_n philip_n abrogate_a this_o custom_n for_o he_o cause_v all_o his_o foot_n soldier_n to_o carry_v their_o meat_n and_o baggage_n themselves_o allow_v only_o one_o soujat_a to_o carry_v a_o hand-mill_n for_o the_o use_n of_o ten_o soldier_n and_o a_o drudge_n to_o every_o horseman_n this_o cause_v the_o other_o grecian_n to_o call_v the_o philippian_n jumenta_fw-la philippi_n philip_n beast_n of_o carriage_n but_o for_o all_o that_o i_o have_v not_o faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v frontinus_n who_o say_v that_o the_o same_o philip_n cause_v his_o foot_n to_o carry_v at_o one_o time_n triginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la farinam_fw-la meal_n for_o thirty_o day_n and_o if_o his_o son_n alexander_n keep_v up_o that_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v like_a he_o do_v than_o his_o phalangites_n need_v not_o to_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o roman_a legionary_n for_o heavy_a burden_n in_o both_o long_a and_o wearisome_a march_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v consider_v the_o indefatigable_a expedition_n of_o that_o magnanimous_a king_n through_o persia_n and_o india_n it_o seem_v aelian_a have_v not_o
yet_o be_v he_o not_o at_o the_o pain_n to_o give_v we_o so_o perfect_a a_o description_n of_o they_o as_o other_o author_n have_v do_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o shield_n and_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n have_v shield_n but_o speak_v not_o of_o their_o form_n nor_o bigness_n distinction_n a_o nice_a distinction_n there_o be_v some_o and_o among_o they_o achilles_n terduzzi_n who_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o shield_n and_o a_o target_n and_o it_o be_v this_o the_o first_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o the_o second_o of_o a_o long_a angular_a or_o oval_n if_o so_o we_o must_v conclude_v those_o use_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v target_n and_o no_o shield_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v ordinary_o four_o foot_n long_o and_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o nice_a distinction_n i_o shall_v use_v the_o word_n promiscuous_o and_o call_v the_o roman_a target_n a_o shield_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 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legion_n do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o perseus_n and_o his_o macedonian_a phalange_n for_o at_o those_o time_n they_o lean_v and_o rest_v themselves_o on_o their_o shield_n they_o make_v also_o good_a use_n of_o those_o point_n by_o push_v and_o thrust_v with_o they_o at_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o any_o close_a medley_n many_o and_o almost_o all_o nation_n beside_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n make_v use_v of_o shield_n especial_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_n who_o peradventure_o have_v the_o use_n of_o they_o before_o the_o roman_n be_v a_o nation_n of_o shield_n either_o in_o battle_n or_o at_o the_o take_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v shield_n a_o tortoise_n oâ—_n shield_n compose_v that_o figure_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n because_o it_o resemble_v that_o animal_n which_o cover_v itself_o within_o its_o shell_n and_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o it_o the_o first_o be_v frame_v thus_o the_o first_o rank_n cover_v their_o 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to_o all_o their_o knight_n errant_a by_o the_o device_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o to_o make_v they_o distinguishable_a thereby_o when_o their_o face_n be_v undiscernible_a with_o the_o beavor_n of_o their_o helmet_n but_o in_o after_o age_n prince_n think_v fit_a to_o restrain_v man_n from_o the_o vanity_n of_o take_v coat_n of_o arm_n as_o they_o please_v till_o they_o be_v give_v they_o by_o authority_n hence_o have_v the_o herald_n their_o rise_n and_o if_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o exercise_v their_o office_n strict_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v we_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o many_o extravagant_a coat_n in_o the_o world_n i_o be_v acquaint_v long_o ago_o with_o a_o german_a and_o there_o be_v many_o good_a herald_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o have_v assume_v for_o his_o coat_n the_o french_a king_n arm_n i_o ask_v
he_o know_v best_o but_o the_o old_a roman_n dart_v their_o â—avelines_n as_o they_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v command_v by_o their_o general_n to_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o dint_n of_o sword_n esteem_v by_o they_o the_o prince_n of_o weapon_n so_o caesar_n legionary_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v order_v after_o each_o man_n have_v cast_v his_o javeline_n to_o run_v to_o the_o shock_n which_o according_o they_o do_v the_o manner_n of_o throw_v their_o pila_fw-la be_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n throw_v first_o and_o immediate_o throw_v how_o they_o be_v throw_v bow_v down_o that_o the_o second_o rank_n may_v cast_v over_o their_o head_n so_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o the_o rank_n have_v throw_v when_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v so_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o no_o doubt_n in_o time_n 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twenty_o first_o book_n falarica_fw-la be_v a_o kind_n of_o dart_n use_v by_o the_o saguntines_n when_o hannibal_n besiege_v their_o city_n perhaps_o they_o invent_v it_o at_o that_o siege_n it_o have_v a_o long_a shaft_n round_o and_o even_o every_o where_o except_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o that_o be_v head_v with_o iron_n three_o foot_n long_o tow_n be_v wrap_v about_o it_o smear_v with_o pitch_n this_o tow_n they_o fire_v when_o they_o be_v to_o lance_v the_o dart_n the_o violent_a motion_n increase_v the_o fire_n insomuch_o as_o when_o it_o can_v not_o pierce_v the_o body_n it_o force_v the_o soldier_n to_o cast_v away_o his_o shield_n or_o corslet_n and_o so_o expose_v he_o disarm_v to_o the_o dart_n or_o arrow_n which_o be_v shoot_v afterward_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o roman_a dart_n darter_n roman_n darter_n may_v be_v two_o foot_n long_o and_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n the_o point_n of_o it_o of_o iron_n one_o foot_n long_o sharp_a small_a and_o 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the_o blow_n can_v not_o be_v mortal_a the_o roman_a slinger_n use_v to_o cast_v stone_n out_o of_o ordinary_a sling_n which_o they_o slinger_n roman_n slinger_n wheel_v about_o their_o head_n and_o will_v hit_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o six_o hundred_o foot_n for_o no_o less_o as_o vegetius_n affirm_v be_v allow_v they_o at_o their_o exercise_n other_o slinger_n the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o balearick_n island_n which_o now_o be_v call_v majorca_n and_o minorca_n be_v balearâ—ans_n balearâ—ans_n esteem_v both_o the_o best_a and_o the_o first_o exerciser_n of_o the_o sling_n the_o mother_n refuse_v to_o give_v their_o child_n meat_n till_o they_o have_v hit_v the_o mark_n be_v give_v they_o to_o throw_v at_o livy_n in_o his_o thirty_o eight_o book_n cry_v up_o the_o aegean_a slinger_n of_o who_o one_o hundred_o â—â—â—ans_n â—â—â—ans_n not_o only_o beat_v back_o the_o stout_a samian_o when_o they_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o town_n but_o also_o 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or_o a_o little_a before_o come_v the_o plumbati_n or_o martioâ—arbuli_n in_o fashion_n with_o the_o roman_n vegetius_n tell_v we_o what_o great_a service_n lead-caster_n lead-caster_n they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n but_o do_v we_o not_o the_o favour_n to_o describe_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o throw_v bullet_n of_o lead_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v whether_o livy_n mention_n any_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v among_o those_o roman_a slinger_n who_o beat_v the_o gallo-greciant_a at_o olympâ—â—_n the_o fustibalus_n battoon-slingers_a battoon-slingers_a or_o battoonsling_n be_v a_o sling_n of_o leather_n tie_v to_o a_o battoon_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o which_o the_o slinger_n manage_v with_o both_o his_o hand_n and_o out_o of_o which_o say_v vegetius_n he_o throw_v stone_n as_o out_o of_o a_o onagra_n with_o so_o great_a force_n that_o neither_o target_n head-piece_n or_o corslet_n can_v resist_v it_o but_o these_o 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with_o in_o ancient_a time_n town_n be_v take_v by_o circumvallation_n and_o starve_v the_o defendant_n out_o of_o they_o they_o be_v take_v by_o formal_a sieges_n and_o approach_n they_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n by_o scalado_n by_o surprisal_n and_o by_o treachery_n and_o they_o be_v still_o take_v by_o some_o of_o these_o if_o they_o conceive_v the_o place_n either_o for_o its_o situation_n fortification_n or_o defendant_n so_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o do_v not_o deserve_v a_o formal_a siege_n or_o that_o they_o either_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n upon_o it_o they_o storm_v it_o very_o soon_o after_o they_o come_v to_o it_o with_o ladder_n or_o grapple_v or_o with_o a_o tortoise_n or_o penthouse_n make_v of_o their_o shield_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o in_o do_v this_o they_o environ_v it_o with_o a_o corona_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o a_o crown_n corona_n corona_n which_o be_v they_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n round_o about_o 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of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v they_o but_o for_o most_o part_n the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n be_v 4000_o or_o 4200._o livy_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v four_o legion_n be_v levy_v against_o the_o gaul_n each_o of_o 4000_o foot_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o young_a camillus_n four_o legion_n be_v raise_v each_o of_o 4200_o foot_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o latin_n every_o legion_n consist_v of_o 5000_o foot_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n he_o make_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v 4000_o foot_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o samnite_n in_o his_o 21_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o six_o legion_n each_o of_o they_o 4000_o foot_n and_o not_o to_o spend_v more_o time_n in_o instance_n the_o same_o historian_n out_o of_o who_o and_o polybius_n i_o suppose_v vegetius_n borrow_v his_o great_a light_n of_o history_n say_v in_o his_o 22_o book_n that_o every_o roman_a legion_n be_v 5000_o foot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o dangerous_a war_n with_o their_o redoubt_a enemy_n hannibal_n but_o after_o that_o be_v end_v they_o be_v reduce_v to_o 4000_o till_o the_o macedonian_a war_n except_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v make_v 6200_o by_o scipio_n unless_o then_o once_o in_o africa_n and_o once_o in_o greece_n we_o never_o find_v a_o legion_n 6000_o strong_a but_o never_o at_o all_o to_o be_v 6100_o as_o vegetius_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v constant_o he_o will_v have_v do_v himself_o much_o right_n and_o his_o reader_n a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v tell_v who_o levy_v these_o legion_n of_o 6100._o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o his_o own_o time_n or_o yet_o in_o the_o decadency_n of_o both_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o militia_n that_o make_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n it_o
he_o speak_v there_o of_o macedonian_a and_o persian_a warrior_n and_o be_v confute_v calisthenes_n his_o history_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o issus_n between_o alexander_n and_o daâ—ius_n as_o i_o note_v before_o achilles_n terduzzi_n imagine_v the_o roman_a foot_n to_o have_v be_v twelve_o in_o file_n but_o that_o be_v to_o make_v good_a his_o conjecture_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n a_o consular_a army_n take_v up_o whereof_o i_o may_v chance_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o common_a opinion_n carry_v i_o along_o with_o it_o that_o both_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n ordinary_o be_v deep_a roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n teâ—_n deep_a marshal_v ten_o in_o file_n but_o upon_o emergency_n general_n may_v alter_v it_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o strong_a reason_n for_o it_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o weak_a which_o be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v decurio_fw-la and_o he_o of_o the_o file_n of_o foot_n decâ—nus_n for_o this_o last_o be_v appropriate_v to_o other_o office_n and_o the_o first_o by_o aelian_n translator_n be_v give_v to_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o macedonian_a file_n which_o consist_v of_o sixteen_o but_o this_o supposition_n as_o probable_a we_o must_v make_v the_o basis_n or_o ground_n on_o which_o to_o build_v our_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o interval_n of_o several_a body_n and_o class_n in_o which_o both_o our_o author_n give_v we_o small_a assistance_n yet_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o all_o i_o can_v pick_v out_o of_o they_o or_o other_o on_o that_o subject_a when_o polybius_n in_o his_o twelve_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o for_o most_o part_n horseman_n be_v range_v eight_o depth_n meaning_n i_o think_v the_o persian_a horse_n he_o subjoin_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o interval_n between_o several_a troop_n but_o what_o that_o interval_n be_v he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v pity_n he_o who_o know_v thing_n so_o well_o shall_v needless_o have_v keep_v they_o up_o from_o we_o as_o secret_n the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o troop_n do_v not_o weigh_v much_o because_o say_v he_o they_o troop_n interval_n between_o troop_n must_v have_v ground_n for_o conversion_n that_o be_v to_o face_n to_o either_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n or_o by_o any_o of_o they_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o any_o of_o these_o be_v needful_a whole_a squadron_n of_o four_o six_o or_o eight_o troop_n join_v together_o may_v do_v it_o as_o easy_o and_o convenient_o as_o single_a troop_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o file_n at_o most_o but_o conversion_n on_o that_o same_o ground_n be_v seldom_o necessary_a never_o convenient_a but_o be_v leave_v to_o guess_v how_o many_o foot_n of_o interval_n troop_n ten_o deep_a conjecture_v conjecture_v require_v one_o from_o another_o i_o conjecture_v eight_o foot_n which_o i_o ground_n on_o that_o the_o same_o polybius_n say_v in_o that_o same_o twelve_o book_n which_o be_v that_o a_o stadium_n or_o furlong_n contain_v eight_o hundred_o horse_n draw_v up_o in_o battle_n then_o i_o say_v first_o a_o stadium_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o italian_a mile_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n second_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n be_v at_o our_o author_n rate_n eight_o in_o file_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o front_n three_o for_o every_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o room_n to_o handle_v his_o arm_n i_o allow_v with_o other_o four_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n four_o hundred_o foot_n four_o according_a to_o polybius_n and_o i_o suppose_v the_o polybius_n out_o of_o polybius_n roman_a rule_n the_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a troop_n and_o in_o each_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o rider_n so_o there_o will_v be_v twenty_o â—â—x_n complete_a troop_n and_o twenty_o horseman_n for_o the_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n five_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n require_v twenty_o six_o interval_n now_o allow_v with_o polybius_n a_o stadium_n for_o eight_o hundred_o horseman_n that_o be_v for_o one_o hundred_o in_o front_n and_o for_o these_o hundred_o allow_v with_o i_o four_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o you_o will_v have_v of_o six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o twenty_o six_o interval_n two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o foot_n and_o that_o will_v be_v eight_o foot_n and_o near_o one_o half_a for_o every_o interval_n so_o my_o opinion_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v polybius_n right_a that_o the_o interval_n between_o two_o single_a troop_n be_v about_o eight_o foot_n but_o let_v we_o fancy_v the_o roman_a horse_n to_o have_v be_v ten_o in_o file_n and_o so_o every_o troop_n only_o three_o in_o front_n for_o so_o i_o probable_o think_v they_o be_v and_o let_v uâ—_n remember_v that_o in_o every_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v twenty_o roman_a troop_n and_o forty_o of_o the_o ally_n in_o all_o sixty_o fancy_n those_o sixty_o troop_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o field_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o several_a time_n all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v on_o one_o wing_n they_o must_v have_v fifty_o nine_o interval_n next_o remember_v that_o sixty_o troop_n at_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n be_v compose_v of_o eighteen_o hundred_o interval_n too_o many_o interval_n rider_n these_o draw_v up_o ten_o in_o file_n make_v one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o leadder_n allow_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o four_o foot_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n then_o for_o fifty_o nine_o interval_n which_o according_a to_o polybius_n sixty_o troop_n must_v have_v you_o be_v to_o allow_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n at_o eight_o foot_n for_o each_o interval_n i_o suppose_v still_o that_o which_o i_o can_v scarce_o believe_v of_o so_o many_o interval_n but_o add_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o foot_n how_o these_o sixty_o troop_n marshal_v so_o thin_a so_o few_o in_o front_n with_o so_o many_o interval_n can_v stand_v out_o the_o brisk_a and_o furious_a charge_n of_o a_o numerous_a and_o courageous_a enemy_n be_v beyond_o my_o fancy_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v interline_v with_o wellarmed_n foot_n as_o to_o the_o distance_n between_o body_n of_o foot_n polybius_n in_o the_o twelâ—th_o book_n polybius_n overâ—ight_n in_o polybius_n so_o often_o cite_v allow_v express_o six_o foot_n between_o file_n but_o he_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n confute_v the_o impertinent_a relation_n of_o calisthenes_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o or_o elsewhere_o oâ—_n distance_n between_o roman_a file_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o inadvertency_n in_o that_o great_a man_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v another_o immediate_o in_o vegetius_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n polybius_n allow_v six_o thousand_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o the_o front_n or_o longitude_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o man_n sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o we_o have_v one_o thousand_o file_n between_o every_o one_o of_o the_o file_n he_o allowâ—_n six_o foot_n of_o distance_n so_o the_o distance_n do_v complete_o take_v up_o his_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o so_o no_o ground_n be_v allow_v to_o stand_v on_o to_o which_o if_o he_o have_v advert_v he_o will_v have_v allow_v one_o foot_n to_o each_o man_n whereon_o to_o stand_v and_o consequent_o seven_o thousand_o foot_n for_o one_o thousand_o file_n in_o front_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o question_v the_o six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n be_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o much_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o pike-man_n between_o rank_n on_o their_o march_n though_o not_o between_o file_n and_o that_o in_o stand_v in_o battle_n they_o use_v densatio_n three_o foot_n of_o distance_n and_o in_o fight_n constipate_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a vegetius_n be_v more_o inexcusable_a than_o polybius_n for_o he_o allow_v for_o the_o rank_n one_o foot_n vegetius_n two_o in_o vegetius_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o in_o these_o word_n singuli_fw-la bellatâ—res_fw-la stantes_fw-la singulos_fw-la obtinent_fw-la pedes_fw-la every_o combatant_n say_v he_o take_v up_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n but_o that_o he_o allow_v none_o for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o file_n i_o prove_v thus_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o allow_v three_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n say_v that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n marshal_v file_n the_o first_o in_o distance_n of_o file_n six_o deep_a make_v a_o front_n of_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o and_o so_o it_o do_v with_o a_o fraction_n only_o of_o four_o hitherto_o he_o be_v very_o right_a but_o conclude_v very_o
shrill_a and_o continue_v without_o interruption_n it_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n but_o if_o it_o be_v dead_a cold_a and_o unequal_a often_o begin_v and_o often_o interrupt_v it_o bewray_v fear_n and_o discouragement_n and_o portend_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n it_o be_v use_v by_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o word_n baritus_n whereby_o historian_n express_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o cry_n they_o say_v sound_v like_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o that_o word_n they_o cry_v no_o more_o after_o they_o come_v to_o the_o medley_n else_o it_o will_v have_v hinder_v they_o from_o hear_v the_o command_n of_o their_o officer_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o the_o trumpet_n though_o the_o loud_a noise_n of_o cannon_n and_o musket_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n may_v seem_v reason_n enough_o to_o suppress_v this_o ancient_a custom_n of_o shout_v yet_o it_o neither_o aught_o to_o be_v nor_o yet_o 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do_v at_o once_o the_o standard_n to_o be_v set_v up_o that_o be_v the_o scarlet_a coat_n his_o army_n to_o marshal_v his_o soldier_n to_o exhort_v to_o cause_v the_o sign_n to_o be_v give_v by_o the_o trumpet_n and_o to_o give_v the_o sign_n this_o last_o sign_n signify_v the_o tessera_fw-la otherwise_o the_o word_n have_v be_v superfluous_a of_o which_o that_o great_a man_n can_v be_v tax_v as_o to_o this_o last_o sign_n which_o be_v the_o word_n the_o ancient_n find_v that_o same_o difficulty_n with_o which_o all_o army_n be_v still_o trouble_v and_o that_o be_v that_o by_o the_o often_o require_v and_o give_v it_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v useless_a lipsâ—â—â—_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o read_v in_o pâ—liâ—â—nus_n that_o one_o aâ—ues_v a_o arcadian_a story_n a_o pretty_a story_n captain_n be_v to_o fall_v on_o the_o lacedæmonians_n in_o the_o night_n time_n or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o to_o beat_v up_o their_o quarter_n instead_o of_o a_o word_n he_o command_v his_o army_n to_o require_v no_o word_n at_o all_o but_o to_o use_v all_o those_o who_o seek_v a_o word_n as_o enemy_n so_o that_o the_o demand_v the_o tessora_n bewray_v the_o demander_n to_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a who_o at_o that_o time_n receive_v a_o notable_a overthrow_n the_o roman_a consul_n when_o battle_n classicum_fw-la a_o sign_n of_o battle_n he_o be_v to_o fall_v on_o cause_v the_o classicum_fw-la to_o sound_n which_o be_v second_v by_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_o by_o all_o the_o trumpet_n horn_n and_o horn-pipe_n of_o the_o army_n and_o now_o the_o battle_n begin_v concern_v which_o a_o old_a question_n be_v not_o yet_o perhaps_o decide_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o charge_n a_o question_n whether_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n roman_a dictator_n cossus_n as_o levy_n have_v it_o in_o his_o six_o book_n be_v to_o join_v battle_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o the_o volscian_n command_v all_o his_o foot_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o fix_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_n which_o be_v violent_a put_v they_o out_o of_o breath_n and_o then_o the_o legionary_n close_v with_o they_o and_o rout_v they_o great_a pompey_n give_v the_o like_a order_n at_o pharsalia_n but_o not_o with_o the_o like_a success_n for_o he_o be_v total_o beat_v but_o machiavelli_n with_o opinion_n machiavelli_n opinion_n his_o accustom_a confidence_n to_o give_v it_o no_o worse_o name_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o give_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n and_o award_v the_o victory_n to_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o charge_n and_o say_v also_o that_o most_o captain_n choose_v rather_o to_o receive_v than_o give_v it_o yet_o he_o instance_n only_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n who_o by_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o sanonite_n and_o gaul_n be_v victorious_a but_o we_o must_v listen_v to_o a_o great_a captain_n than_o any_o he_o have_v name_v and_o himself_o to_o boot_v and_o that_o be_v julius_n caesar_n who_o by_o give_v the_o charge_n in_o the_o thessalian_a plain_n gain_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o blame_v pompey_n for_o follow_v the_o bad_a advice_n of_o triarius_n to_o wait_v till_o caesar_n charge_v he_o his_o word_n whereby_o he_o seem_v to_o void_a this_o difference_n you_o have_v in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v these_o in_o english_a but_o on_o the_o contrary_a say_v he_o i_o think_v this_o be_v do_v it_o caesar_n judgement_n of_o it_o by_o pompey_n without_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n mean_v his_o keep_n his_o soldier_n from_o advance_v to_o the_o charge_n because_o there_o be_v say_v he_o i_o know_v not_o what_o gallant_n vigour_n and_o natural_a inclination_n to_o courage_n bear_v in_o all_o man_n which_o captain_n ought_v rather_o to_o cherish_v stir_v up_o and_o augment_v than_o any_o way_n 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to_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v in_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o both_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n and_o of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o phalange_n first_o advantage_n of_o the_o phalange_n four_o file_n of_o lusty_a well_o arm_v man_n and_o at_o its_o close_a order_n or_o constipation_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v its_o â—orce_n it_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n every_o combatant_n take_v up_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n and_o suppose_v their_o pike_n but_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o whereas_o the_o sarissas_n be_v twenty_o one_o of_o length_n you_o may_v easy_o compute_v the_o point_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n or_o if_o you_o will_v of_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o extend_v three_o foot_n before_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a militia_n now_o though_o all_o the_o 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historiographer_n defective_a among_o the_o roman_n monluc_n and_o a_o few_o other_o in_o our_o modern_a time_n yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o cause_v their_o secretary_n to_o keep_v exact_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o sieges_n and_o those_o battle_n which_o under_o their_o command_n be_v either_o form_v or_o fight_v that_o so_o they_o may_v have_v be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n some_o have_v do_v so_o but_o most_o have_v neglect_v it_o think_v it_o enough_o if_o their_o action_n be_v general_o remember_v recommend_v the_o particular_n to_o the_o information_n of_o historian_n which_o many_o time_n be_v such_o that_o it_o look_v rather_o like_o a_o romance_n than_o a_o true_a story_n but_o i_o have_v rather_o you_o shall_v hear_v monluc_n that_o famous_a marshal_n of_o france_n upon_o this_o subject_a who_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o first_o tome_n say_v that_o historian_n who_o write_v the_o feat_n of_o war_n describe_v seldom_o or_o never_o 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polybius_n his_o complaint_n in_o his_o twelve_o book_n they_o polybius_n his_o complaint_n of_o they_o where_o he_o say_v historian_n first_o err_v in_o not_o write_v thing_n true_o and_o as_o they_o be_v do_v and_o next_o that_o they_o give_v no_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o battle_n skirmish_n surprisal_n and_o sieges_n and_o this_o he_o attribute_v to_o their_o want_n of_o skill_n and_o therefore_o wish_v that_o all_o great_a captain_n will_v write_v the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o action_n themselves_o these_o complaint_n of_o polybius_n and_o monluc_n be_v just_a but_o i_o complain_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o historian_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v we_o description_n of_o all_o â—hose_v they_o the_o author_n complaint_n of_o some_o of_o they_o particularity_n without_o have_v receive_v particular_a relation_n from_o the_o principal_a
do_v likewise_o fear_v indeed_o occasion_n confusion_n and_o he_o will_v still_o have_v pikeman_n more_o fearful_a than_o other_o man_n beside_o he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v ill_o train_v as_o if_o they_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n for_o fear_v of_o hurt_v either_o their_o commander_n or_o their_o companion_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o think_v the_o darkness_n or_o horror_n of_o the_o night_n shall_v put_v a_o pikeman_n in_o great_a danger_n than_o a_o musqueteer_n and_o this_o i_o will_v glad_o hear_v he_o or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o demonstrate_v his_o four_o argument_n be_v that_o pike_n be_v unfit_a and_o unserviceable_a for_o convoy_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o ask_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o be_v it_o therefore_o not_o useful_a at_o all_o argument_n four_o argument_n next_o i_o say_v he_o be_v mistake_v for_o 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footman_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o pikeman_n nor_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horseman_n who_o be_v the_o curiassier_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o these_o service_n be_v perform_v in_o ancient_a time_n by_o the_o velite_n and_o now_o by_o musket_n fusee_n firelock_n and_o light_a horseman_n the_o heavy_a arm_v stand_v ready_a to_o sustain_v they_o and_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n nor_o do_v i_o ever_o hear_v musqueteer_n make_v any_o such_o complaint_n as_o these_o our_o author_n be_v please_v to_o charge_v they_o with_o six_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o outwork_n before_o or_o beside_o a_o enemy_n the_o pikeman_n argument_n six_o argument_n be_v useless_a unless_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v centinel_n for_o say_v he_o the_o musqueteer_n defend_v the_o work_n and_o while_o they_o be_v furious_o give_v fire_n the_o pikeman_n be_v sit_v in_o the_o trench_n take_v tabaco_n or_o tell_v tale_n for_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o ever_o i_o hear_v a_o soldier_n 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their_o general_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v approve_v by_o they_o shall_v be_v practise_v the_o old_a roman_n indeed_o keep_v themselves_o morose_o to_o their_o ancient_a form_n whereby_o they_o have_v be_v exceed_o prosperous_a and_o call_v all_o new_a invention_n schematism_n but_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v they_o in_o all_o their_o opinion_n for_o i_o be_o of_o lipsius_n his_o judgement_n valde_fw-la mihi_fw-la placent_fw-la nova_fw-la &_o novitia_fw-la istae_fw-la inventiuncula_fw-la these_o little_a new_a invention_n caution_n to_o be_v practise_v with_o much_o caution_n say_v he_o please_v i_o mighty_o lieutenant-colonel_n elton_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n have_v very_o many_o pretty_a figure_n of_o several_a body_n of_o foot_n all_o of_o they_o exceed_v delightful_a and_o fit_a for_o show_v and_o some_o of_o they_o for_o use_n provide_v officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v often_o and_o thorough_o accustom_a to_o they_o before_o 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enemy_n than_o the_o foot_n can_v it_o will_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o can_v also_o ride_v soon_o from_o a_o enemy_n than_o the_o foot_n can_v go_v i_o shall_v easy_o grant_v that_o three_o or_o fourscore_o year_n ago_o the_o curiassier_n of_o germany_n and_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr of_o france_n be_v all_o gentleman_n may_v very_o well_o have_v precedency_n at_o door_n or_o board_n of_o the_o foot-soldier_n but_o can_v not_o thereby_o pretend_v to_o any_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o they_o but_o now_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v for_o in_o germany_n denmark_n sweden_n the_o low-countries_n and_o here_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n and_o england_n for_o most_o part_n the_o horseman_n be_v levy_v out_o of_o the_o plebeian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o foot_n and_o i_o believe_v the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr of_o france_n be_v much_o fall_v from_o their_o primitive_a institution_n most_o of_o their_o cavalry_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o vulgar_a except_o the_o ban_n and_o arreerban_n which_o 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that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o yore_o the_o great_a strength_n of_o france_n consist_v in_o horse_n that_o kingdom_n indeed_o glory_v much_o in_o a_o noble_a and_o courageous_a cavalry_n but_o examine_v their_o story_n you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o most_o glorious_a of_o their_o king_n charles_n the_o great_a his_o father_n pepin_n and_o his_o father_n charles_n martel_n their_o famous_a achievement_n in_o france_n saxony_n germany_n spain_n and_o italy_n be_v do_v with_o foot_n as_o well_o as_o with_o horse_n many_o of_o their_o king_n fight_v on_o foot_n and_z orlando_z nephew_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a when_o he_o have_v fight_v well_o on_o foot_n die_v of_o thirst_n and_o wound_n those_o of_o their_o king_n who_o make_v their_o cavalry_n their_o great_a strength_n in_o the_o field_n buy_v it_o dear_a when_o they_o be_v so_o often_o worsted_n by_o the_o spaniard_n fleming_n but_o most_o of_o all_o by_o the_o english_a who_o great_a strength_n consist_v in_o infantry_n this_o make_v the_o french_a king_n beg_v and_o hire_v foot_n from_o scotland_n germany_n and_o most_o from_o the_o swisser_n these_o last_o be_v discontent_v with_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o make_v all_o france_n tremble_v when_o with_o a_o numerous_a army_n in_o which_o not_o one_o horseman_n be_v to_o be_v see_v they_o be_v like_a to_o fall_v like_o a_o inundation_n on_o that_o kingdom_n and_o be_v come_v the_o length_n of_o dijon_n in_o burgundy_n and_o have_v reach_v paris_n without_o stroke_n of_o sword_n if_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr tremoville_n have_v not_o amuse_v they_o with_o a_o treaty_n in_o which_o he_o be_v force_v to_o grant_v they_o all_o they_o desire_v and_o for_o performance_n give_v they_o what_o hostage_n they_o require_v francis_n the_o first_o perceive_v the_o error_n of_o some_o of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o trust_v too_o much_o to_o horse_n order_v seven_o legion_n of_o foot_n all_o french_a to_o be_v levy_v enroll_v and_o pay_v each_o consist_v of_o seven_o thousand_o man_n to_o stand_v perpetual_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o these_o he_o call_v and_o i_o think_v very_o deserve_o the_o sinew_n and_o nerve_n of_o france_n next_o they_o will_v object_v that_o the_o mamaluk_n keep_v their_o empire_n in_o egypt_n and_o syria_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n with_o horse_n and_o without_o foot_n this_o be_v a_o horrible_a mistake_n for_o their_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v take_v by_o foot_n and_o defend_v by_o foot_n without_o horse_n they_o also_o lose_v their_o empire_n by_o put_v too_o much_o trust_v in_o their_o horse_n for_o the_o great_a turk_n selim_n with_o his_o foot_n and_o cannon_n beat_v and_o kill_v campson_n gaurus_n in_o the_o field_n and_o tomomby_n at_o cairo_n and_o so_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o tyrannical_a monarchy_n three_o they_o will_v instance_n the_o persian_a who_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n without_o foot_n only_o with_o cavalry_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o their_o town_n be_v defend_v with_o foot_n and_o ishmael_n in_o the_o calderan_fw-ge plain_n pay_v dear_a for_o trust_v so_o much_o to_o his_o horse_n when_o he_o be_v chase_v away_o by_o selines_n foot_n and_o artillery_n since_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n have_v endeavour_v but_o without_o success_n to_o get_v european_a officer_n to_o train_v their_o foot_n and_o order_v their_o artillery_n for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v as_o soon_o dream_n that_o the_o persian_a squadron_n of_o horse_n put_v themselves_o in_o enchant_a castle_n as_o that_o they_o defend_v their_o town_n against_o sieges_n and_o assault_n of_o the_o turk_n with_o horse_n and_o no_o foot_n and_o i_o can_v as_o soon_o fancy_n that_o the_o sophi_n ride_v with_o forty_o thousand_o persian_n all_o on_o horseback_n over_o the_o wall_n of_o babylon_n as_o that_o he_o take_v it_o back_o from_o the_o turk_n without_o a_o infantry_n the_o hungarian_n will_v come_v next_o in_o play_n but_o they_o never_o manage_v any_o of_o their_o war_n without_o foot_n though_o they_o pay_v as_o dear_o for_o trust_v too_o much_o to_o their_o cavalâ—y_n as_o ever_o any_o do_v their_o army_n consist_v most_o of_o horse_n be_v rout_v by_o soliman_n foot_n and_o cannon_n and_o their_o king_n kill_v and_o most_o of_o their_o kingdom_n make_v a_o province_n the_o remainder_n of_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n lap_n have_v be_v these_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n well_o defend_v by_o german_a foot_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o bring_v pole_n on_o the_o stage_n for_o peruse_v the_o history_n of_o that_o nation_n you_o will_v find_v none_o of_o their_o war_n to_o have_v be_v make_v either_o offensive_o or_o defensive_o without_o foot_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o polonian_n conquer_v the_o half_a of_o prussia_n from_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o take_v in_o so_o many_o well_o wall_a town_n without_o foot_n against_o that_o warlike_a fraternity_n be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n nor_o have_v they_o buy_v the_o great_a trust_n they_o repose_v in_o a_o numerous_a and_o valiant_a cavalry_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o pole_n be_v save_v almost_o by_o a_o miracle_n for_o assure_o prince_n vladislaus_n will_v not_o have_v defend_v his_o father_n kingdom_n though_o he_o have_v eighty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o some_o thousand_o of_o foot_n with_o he_o against_o sultan_n osman_n who_o invade_v it_o with_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o turk_n the_o great_a body_n and_o strength_n whereof_o consist_v in_o the_o janissary_n who_o mutiny_v against_o the_o grand_a signior_n force_v he_o back_o to_o constantinople_n but_o what_o a_o risk_a do_v pole_n run_v late_o in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o 1656_o and_o 1657_o where_o charles_n gustavus_n overcome_v that_o kingdom_n with_o a_o army_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n most_o of_o they_o foot_n and_o observe_v what_o a_o well_o train_v and_o order_v infantry_n can_v do_v anno_fw-la 1656_o when_o the_o rebellious_a polonian_n have_v return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o their_o king_n john_n casâ—mir_n in_o the_o head_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n and_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o foot_n and_o cannon_n assist_v and_o flankt_v with_o some_o trench_n and_o redoubt_n be_v rout_v and_o beat_v out_o of_o the_o field_n by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n both_o who_o force_v in_o horse_n and_o foot_n do_v not_o exceed_v thirty_o two_o thousand_o if_o all_o this_o be_v true_a that_o i_o have_v say_v as_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v than_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o necessary_a more_o honourable_a and_o of_o great_a trust_n than_o the_o horse_n one_o since_o i_o believe_v i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o war_n in_o all_o its_o part_n point_n and_o dimension_n may_v be_v manage_v with_o
contagious_a disease_n rage_v so_o in_o town_n and_o village_n that_o he_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o they_o when_o he_o suppose_v he_o may_v destroy_v his_o enemy_n by_o temporize_v as_o fabius_n maximus_n who_o use_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n more_o with_o hunger_n than_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o sallust_n say_v the_o great_a commendation_n of_o a_o general_n be_v to_o gain_v the_o victory_n without_o blood_n or_o when_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o sometime_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la make_v he_o stay_v for_o more_o of_o his_o own_o force_n or_o those_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n this_o oblige_v the_o great_a gustavus_n to_o fortify_v his_o leaguer_n and_o his_o army_n within_o they_o at_z verben_fw-ge and_o at_o nuremburg_n or_o last_o when_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v a_o town_n fort_n or_o castle_n which_o he_o conceive_v will_v not_o very_o soon_o render_v and_o may_v rational_o expect_v succour_n and_o relief_n be_v then_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o may_v be_v more_o reason_n for_o a_o fortify_v answer_v lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomerie_n disapprobation_n answer_v leaguer_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o lovis_n de_fw-fr montgomerie_n who_o will_v only_o allow_v of_o entrench_v camp_n in_o two_o case_n when_o a_o army_n be_v near_o a_o considerable_a enemy_n and_o when_o other_o lodging_n can_v be_v have_v and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o their_o hiberna_fw-la and_o some_o of_o our_o fortify_v leaguer_n will_v be_v only_o good_a in_o arabia_n the_o desert_n but_o not_o in_o a_o country_n where_o town_n village_n and_o incorporation_n may_v be_v have_v but_o beside_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o entrench_v camp_n i_o shall_v say_v to_o montgomerie_n that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o many_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n keep_v both_o their_o winter_n and_o summer_n quarter_n be_v then_o as_o desert_n as_o arabia_n be_v now_o and_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o take_v in_o village_n hamlet_n and_o castle_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o a_o fortify_v camp_n or_o if_o a_o fortify_v town_n be_v either_o behind_o or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o camp_n it_o add_v infinite_o to_o the_o strength_n and_o convenience_n of_o it_o provide_v there_o be_v no_o contagion_n or_o infectious_a disease_n within_o thaâ—_n town_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o a_o leaguer_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o open_a field_n where_o no_o town_n or_o village_n be_v and_o then_o let_v we_o see_v how_o a_o army_n can_v be_v convenient_o quarter_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v so_o capacious_a as_o to_o contain_v all_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v within_o it_o and_o next_o that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o it_o redundant_fw-la or_o useless_a in_o regard_n it_o must_v be_v fortify_v and_o the_o small_a circumference_n a_o fortification_n be_v of_o the_o more_o tenible_a and_o defensible_a it_o be_v and_o the_o few_o man_n will_v maintain_v it_o but_o before_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n form_v his_o camp_n he_o shall_v be_v observant_a of_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o which_o follow_v first_o if_o he_o can_v choose_v camp_n some_o consideration_n necessary_a before_o entrench_v a_o camp_n he_o shall_v not_o encamp_v in_o low_a ground_n for_o these_o be_v unwholesome_a of_o themselves_o and_o will_v quick_o be_v make_v worse_a next_o if_o he_o encamp_v on_o a_o hill_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v a_o river_n or_o water_n run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o and_o such_o a_o water_n who_o stream_n can_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o enemy_n for_o a_o river_n or_o deep_a run_a water_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o defend_v some_o side_n or_o part_n of_o it_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a that_o his_o enemy_n have_v not_o fortify_v place_n or_o garrison_n on_o the_o side_n or_o flank_v of_o his_o camp_n much_o less_o behind_o it_o which_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o pass_v and_o avenue_n whereby_o his_o provision_n shall_v come_v four_o he_o shall_v encamp_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o his_o horse_n may_v not_o want_v fodder_n and_o where_o abundance_n of_o hay_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n may_v be_v have_v both_o to_o feed_v the_o beast_n and_o for_o the_o soldier_n to_o cover_v their_o hut_n with_o and_o to_o lie_v upon_o five_o if_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o he_o he_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o way_n how_o wood_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o abundant_o for_o fire_n to_o the_o guard_n for_o dress_v meat_n for_o bake_v and_o wash_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o palisadoe_n battery_n platform_n and_o bridge_n but_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o great_a and_o thick_a wood_n be_v contiguous_a as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o lie_v within_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o two_o or_o three_o sconce_n or_o redoubt_n build_v where_o the_o tree_n stand_v for_o prevent_v ambush_n or_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o after_o the_o camp_n be_v plant_v and_o entrench_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_n will_v order_v provision_n magazine_n for_o provision_n strong_a convoy_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o bring_v all_o manner_n of_o victual_n provision_n and_o munition_n to_o his_o camp_n from_o these_o place_n where_o he_o have_v appoint_v magazine_n to_o be_v keep_v as_o also_o he_o shall_v appoint_v guard_n to_o convoy_n the_o empty_a cart_n wagon_n and_o horse_n back_o again_o and_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o use_v the_o country_n people_n kind_o and_o well_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v outrage_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v the_o often_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v its_o fortification_n camp_n defence_n of_o a_o camp_n the_o draught_n whereof_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o engineer_n by_o enclose_v it_o within_o and_o without_o the_o ditch_n with_o bulwark_n curtain_n redoubt_n sconce_n half_a moon_n and_o tenailles_fw-fr all_o which_o go_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o trench_n which_o word_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o the_o fortification_n of_o a_o leaguer_n and_o but_o borrow_v for_o the_o approach_n to_o besiege_a place_n the_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o leaguer_n consist_v in_o its_o guard_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o subject_n of_o this_o be_v the_o orderly_a dispose_n and_o give_v a_o due_a proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n whereon_o to_o pitch_v their_o tent_n or_o be_v what_o castrametation_n be_v build_v their_o hut_n to_o the_o general_n tent_n to_o all_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n for_o the_o proviant-master_n and_o proviant_a to_o the_o waggonmaster_n and_o wagon_n and_o final_o to_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o army_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a and_o this_o be_v call_v castrametation_n a_o latin_a word_n which_o signify_v the_o measure_v the_o camp_n for_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v proportionable_o give_v out_o by_o a_o equal_a measure_n and_o the_o do_v it_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n this_o officer_n know_v the_o general_n pleasure_n be_v to_o give_v the_o several_a regiment_n general_n a_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o brigade_n their_o town_n village_n and_o hamlet_n for_o their_o quarter_n nor_o must_v any_o of_o they_o offer_v to_o take_v any_o other_o than_o those_o that_o be_v assign_v to_o they_o by_o he_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v though_o but_o for_o one_o night_n the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v bind_v to_o wait_v upon_o he_o and_o receive_v his_o direction_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o encamp_v in_o such_o a_o leaguer_n as_o that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v he_o who_o measure_v out_o to_o every_o regiment_n its_o proportion_n of_o ground_n as_o shall_v be_v present_o declare_v it_o be_v he_o likewise_o who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o old_a fortification_n and_o the_o direct_v new_a one_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o engineer_n be_v proper_o under_o he_o but_o he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o work_n and_o finish_v of_o these_o fortification_n he_o have_v frequent_o a_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n under_o duty_n his_o office_n and_o duty_n he_o his_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a for_o by_o it_o he_o sit_v in_o all_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war._n he_o shall_v be_v a_o understand_a person_n and_o a_o good_a mathematician_n the_o old_a colonel_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n use_v to_o be_v general_a quartermaster_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v wear_v out_o
command_v in_o chief_a may_v order_v if_o his_o affair_n hut_n two_o soldier_n may_v quaâ—_n in_o one_o hut_n require_v it_o that_o in_o one_o row_n of_o fity_n hut_n a_o hundred_o soldier_n shall_v quarter_v it_o will_v be_v no_o prejudice_n to_o they_o but_o rather_o helpful_a provide_v they_o have_v no_o wife_n between_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n there_o be_v a_o void_a place_n of_o 200_o foot_n broad_a this_o the_o ancient_n call_v pomerium_fw-la we_o name_v it_o the_o alarm_n and_o parade_a place_n or_o place_n of_o arm_n and_o though_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o many_o will_v have_v the_o colour_n and_o arm_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o sâ—reet_n which_o traverse_v the_o quarter_n behind_o the_o colonel_n tent_n yet_o assure_o in_o time_n of_o alarm_n the_o soldier_n run_v to_o their_o arm_n and_o the_o ensign_n to_o their_o colour_n arms._n place_v of_o arms._n can_v in_o so_o narrow_a a_o place_n but_o be_v much_o embarased_a beside_o they_o have_v not_o room_n to_o draw_v up_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o fit_a to_o have_v the_o colour_n fix_v before_o the_o head_n of_o the_o quarter_n in_o this_o place_n of_o arm_n and_o to_o have_v the_o pâ—kes_v of_o every_o company_n lean_v on_o a_o tree_n lay_v across_o other_o two_o tree_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o in_o fair_a weather_n the_o musket_n also_o but_o in_o time_n of_o rain_n the_o soldier_n shall_v carry_v they_o into_o their_o hut_v and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o shall_v advise_v officer_n to_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n to_o draw_v their_o ball_n because_o when_o a_o accidental_a fire_n come_v careless_a soldier_n and_o how_o many_o be_v there_o of_o these_o will_v be_v more_o ready_a to_o run_v out_o of_o their_o hut_v hut_v musket_n chaâ—ged_v with_o ball_n dangerous_a in_o hut_v and_o carry_v their_o knapsack_n and_o cloak_n with_o they_o than_o their_o musket_n and_o these_o be_v charge_v with_o ball_n render_v all_o endeavour_n to_o quench_v the_o fire_n exceed_o dangerous_a if_o not_o altogether_o impossible_a because_o the_o powder_n wherewith_o these_o musket_n be_v charge_v be_v fire_v send_v their_o bullet_n so_o extravagant_o at_o random_n on_o all_o quarter_n that_o man_n know_v not_o how_o to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o they_o a_o experience_n whereof_o i_o once_o see_v in_o a_o transient_a leaguer_n which_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v well_o near_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o yet_o next_o day_n i_o hear_v of_o no_o order_n give_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mischief_n for_o the_o future_a which_o shall_v have_v be_v do_v after_o the_o regiment_n quartermaster_n have_v give_v the_o quartermaster_n and_o fouriers_n hut_v fourier_n aâ—â—_n to_o mark_v all_o the_o several_a hut_v their_o proportion_n of_o ground_n and_o that_o the_o four_o corner_n of_o each_o hut_n be_v mark_v with_o four_o twig_n or_o stick_n the_o soldier_n that_o be_v not_o work_v at_o the_o fortificaon_n fall_v to_o and_o make_v their_o hut_v but_o the_o officer_n must_v see_v it_o be_v do_v regular_o that_o none_o take_v more_o or_o less_o ground_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v they_o lest_o thereby_o they_o spoil_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o quarter_n if_o the_o general_n can_v spare_v none_o of_o that_o spacious_a ground_n allow_v for_o his_o lodging_n for_o a_o marketplace_n and_o a_o quarter_n for_o volunteer_n and_o stranger_n than_o the_o castrametator_fw-la must_v measure_v out_o ground_n for_o both_o not_o far_o from_o the_o proviant_a office_n for_o none_o of_o they_o must_v be_v neglect_v when_o all_o be_v do_v the_o quartermaster_n general_n or_o one_o of_o his_o engineer_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n all_o the_o line_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o make_v a_o furrow_n in_o the_o earth_n half_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o half_a a_o foot_n broad_a the_o whole_a trench_n be_v to_o camp_n soldier_n be_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortificâ—on_n 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shall_v be_v cut_v and_o what_o be_v cast_v in_o the_o pit_n shall_v be_v let_v down_o through_o that_o hole_n and_o therefore_o a_o board_n shall_v be_v lay_v over_o that_o hole_n and_o then_o so_o much_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n shall_v be_v cast_v in_o till_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v make_v equal_a with_o the_o superfice_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o earth_n may_v be_v take_v out_o as_o oft_o as_o you_o will_v till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a of_o these_o noisome_a thing_n up_o to_o the_o board_n and_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v close_v up_o and_o if_o pit_n be_v use_v in_o this_o fashion_n it_o matter_n not_o if_o these_o pit_n be_v dig_v among_o the_o hut_v or_o in_o the_o street_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o carry_v these_o thing_n three_o or_o four_o hundred_o foot_n without_o the_o camp_n be_v exceed_o troublesome_a and_o the_o kill_v the_o beast_n so_o far_o without_o exceed_o inconvenient_a and_o of_o no_o consequence_n since_o thereby_o 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and_o patrovilles_n it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o fortify_v either_o a_o camp_n or_o a_o castle_n unless_o man_n be_v appoint_v to_o maintain_v the_o fortification_n and_o because_o man_n can_v watch_v constant_o therefore_o they_o must_v watch_v by_o turn_n either_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o man_n that_o be_v quarter_v within_o the_o fortify_v place_n or_o the_o danger_n the_o place_n may_v be_v in_o of_o a_o near_a and_o powerful_a enemy_n for_o though_o guard_n shall_v be_v keep_v and_o strict_o keep_v even_o when_o no_o danger_n seem_v to_o threaten_v yet_o it_o be_v madness_n to_o weary_a soldier_n as_o much_o by_o watch_v when_o no_o enemy_n be_v expect_v as_o when_o one_o be_v assure_o look_v for_o if_o the_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o enemy_n guards_z to_o be_v strong_a or_o
where_o ordinary_o clock_n do_v not_o strike_v nor_o bell_n ring_n than_o the_o caporal_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n of_o match_n which_o they_o call_v passelunt_a whereby_o they_o regulate_v passelunt_n passelunt_n themselves_o to_o relieve_v their_o sentinel_n when_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n drummer_n be_v to_o beat_v taptoo_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n revallie_o this_o word_n zapzu_n or_o taptoo_n be_v high_a and_o and_o low_a dutch_a and_o taptoo_n taptoo_n signify_v no_o more_o drink_n to_o be_v tap_v or_o sell_v and_o be_v not_o as_o some_o fancy_n to_o advertise_v the_o guard_n to_o place_v their_o night_n sentinel_n but_o to_o acquaint_v sutler_n to_z sell_v no_o more_o drink_n and_o soldier_n to_o go_v home_o to_o their_o lodging_n and_o who_o be_v find_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n after_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v it_o shall_v be_v â—eat_n constant_o at_o one_o hour_n summer_n and_o 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night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o continue_v on_o their_o duty_n till_o they_o can_v discover_v all_o the_o field_n about_o they_o when_o by_o order_n of_o the_o colonel_n or_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n the_o diana_n be_v beat_v at_o the_o head_n watch_n all_o the_o drummer_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o guard_n ought_v immediate_o to_o beat_v and_o then_o the_o night_n watch_v and_o sentinel_n come_v to_o their_o several_a guard_n it_o be_v then_o also_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v be_v in_o their_o quarter_n or_o hut_v all_o night_n and_o either_o townsman_n or_o country_n people_n who_o be_v order_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortification_n either_o of_o town_n or_o camp_n be_v to_o go_v to_o their_o work_n and_o therefore_o this_o beat_n of_o the_o drum_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o think_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v travaille_n than_o revallie_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o of_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n of_o all_o martial_a act_n to_o fight_v a_o battle_n well_o and_o gain_v the_o victory_n be_v of_o the_o high_a importance_n and_o make_v the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n most_o renown_v it_o be_v this_o and_o neither_o retreat_n nor_o take_v town_n though_o both_o these_o show_v the_o qualification_n of_o a_o excellent_a captain_n that_o crown_v they_o with_o laurel_n by_o the_o win_n of_o battle_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o kingdom_n be_v gain_v by_o one_o party_n and_o lose_v by_o another_o let_v we_o then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v advert_v to_o before_o so_o great_a a_o hazard_n be_v make_v most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o choose_v general_n shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v if_o they_o can_v choose_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v i_o say_v so_o too_o if_o he_o can_v help_v it_o and_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o but_o that_o his_o intelligence_n shall_v be_v so_o good_a that_o if_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v he_o shall_v either_o quick_o get_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o strong_o entrench_v his_o army_n in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o can_v want_v provision_n but_o when_o he_o have_v do_v either_o of_o the_o two_o he_o may_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v for_o who_o can_v save_v his_o army_n without_o fight_v if_o his_o enemy_n storm_v his_o retrenchment_n or_o in_o his_o retreat_n pursue_v he_o fierce_o and_o powerful_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o fight_v well_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o battle_n succeed_v sometime_o well_o have_v a_o doubtful_a event_n for_o many_o time_n it_o succeed_v well_o as_o it_o do_v with_o alexander_n at_o arbela_n against_o darius_n with_o scipio_n against_o hannibal_n at_o zama_n with_o his_o brother_n against_o antiochus_n in_o asia_n with_o charles_n the_o five_o against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o pavia_n and_o gustavus_n his_o army_n against_o wallenstein_n at_o lutsen_n yet_o peruse_v history_n you_o will_v find_v that_o many_o more_o have_v lose_v than_o ever_o gain_v by_o it_o take_v a_o few_o instance_n edward_n the_o black_a prince_n be_v force_v to_o fight_v at_o poiâ—tiers_n so_o be_v henry_n the_o five_o of_o england_n at_o agincourt_n yet_o both_o gain_v glorious_a victory_n harold_n when_o he_o may_v have_v protract_v the_o war_n be_v master_n of_o all_o england_n force_v william_n of_o normandy_n to_o fight_v and_o thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o crown_n and_o his_o life_n edward_n the_o second_o of_o england_n force_v robert_n bruce_n ill_o sometime_o very_o ill_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o fight_v at_o bannockburne_n but_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o most_o of_o his_o numerous_a army_n julius_n caesar_n make_v himself_o constant_o master_n of_o his_o own_o diet_n either_o by_o entrench_v or_o retire_v so_o that_o he_o be_v never_o force_v to_o fight_v but_o when_o he_o please_v but_o when_o he_o force_v pompey_n he_o try_v both_o fortune_n at_o dirrhachium_n he_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o loss_n and_o be_v glad_a to_o retire_v which_o indeed_o he_o do_v with_o admirable_a prudence_n and_o courage_n at_o pharsalia_n he_o brave_v the_o same_o pompey_n to_o battle_n which_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o accept_v caesar_n get_v the_o victory_n yet_o it_o seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o man_n shall_v fight_v well_o when_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v despair_v whet_v their_o courage_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n many_o captain_n take_v away_o all_o mean_n of_o escape_n from_o their_o own_o army_n to_o make_v they_o sensible_a their_o safety_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o not_o in_o their_o foot_n and_o withal_o they_o leave_v a_o open_a way_n for_o their_o enemy_n to_o run_v away_o and_o hence_o be_v the_o common_a maxim_n in_o war_n that_o a_o bridge_n of_o gold_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o a_o fly_a bridge_n a_o golden_a bridge_n enemy_n before_o a_o battle_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o view_v a_o enemy_n countenance_n and_o try_v his_o courage_n by_o frequent_a skirmish_n and_o these_o very_a oft_o each_o army_n send_v help_n to_o their_o own_o party_n draw_v on_o a_o battle_n insensible_o good_a intelligence_n if_o possible_a intelligence_n intelligence_n shall_v be_v have_v of_o his_o number_n of_o horse_n foot_n and_o artillery_n and_o in_o which_o of_o these_o his_o great_a strength_n lie_v but_o i_o will_v repeat_v nothing_o in_o this_o place_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o intelligence_n in_o the_o next_o place_n our_o general_n shall_v view_v if_o he_o have_v time_n and_o opportunity_n for_o it_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o field_n field_n situation_n of_o the_o field_n where_o both_o his_o own_o and_o his_o enemy_n army_n be_v to_o fight_v that_o according_o he_o may_v either_o lay_v ambush_n or_o shun_v they_o this_o be_v one_o of_o hannibal_n masterpiece_n he_o shall_v take_v notice_n how_o the_o wind_n blow_v that_o according_o by_o the_o wind._n the_o wind._n order_n his_o batallion_n he_o may_v take_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o he_o shall_v cast_v up_o his_o account_n how_o the_o sun_n will_v shine_v if_o it_o be_v a_o fair_a day_n at_o such_o hour_n when_o he_o sun_n the_o sun_n conceive_v the_o fight_n will_v begin_v that_o thereby_o he_o may_v oâ—der_v his_o affair_n if_o his_o intelligence_n be_v good_a within_o his_o enemy_n army_n he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o stir_v up_o jealousy_n division_n and_o dissension_n in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o if_o his_o jealous_a to_o make_v a_o enemy_n jealous_a friend_n give_v he_o the_o sign_n fall_v upon_o he_o after_o his_o army_n be_v marshal_v if_o he_o have_v tiâ—e_a he_o shall_v ride_v along_o the_o front_n of_o all_o his_o brigade_n and_o by_o short_a
to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n out_o after_o he_o have_v come_v over_o the_o wall_n confuse_o this_o interval_n all_o ancient_a town_n have_v and_o they_o call_v it_o pomaerium_fw-la for_o they_o have_v two_o of_o they_o one_o before_z or_o without_o and_o another_o within_o the_o wall_n three_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v to_o the_o shambles_n which_o in_o sieges_n be_v no_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o horseman_n may_v either_o have_v a_o post_n give_v they_o to_o defend_v or_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o foot_n when_o count_n nauso_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o a_o imperial_a general_n storm_v peronne_n after_o a_o great_a breach_n make_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beat_v off_o by_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n florenge_n who_o leave_v their_o horse_n and_o in_o full_a harness_n with_o pike_n partisan_n and_o halberd_n maintain_v the_o breach_n two_o hour_n till_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o i_o have_v see_v 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