Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A42524
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The art of war and the way that it is at present practised in France in two parts : wherein the duties and functions of all the officers of horse and foot, artillery and provisions from the general of the army to the private souldier are treated of ... written in French by Louis de Gaya ... ; translated for publick satisfaction and advantage.; Art de la guerre et la manière dont on la fait à présent. English
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Gaya, Louis de.
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1678
(1678)
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Wing G398; ESTC R23334
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55,226
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220
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Store-keepers Gunners and Saltpeter-men who serve as well in the Army as in the Towns Arsenals and publick work-houses of France The great Master receives orders from no Officer but the General and gives them out in his Park The Bells of the Towns that are taken by Assault or Composition belong to the Artillery and the great Master sends Officers to make inventory of what is found in the Magazines Of the Lieutenant Generals The Lieutenat Generals Command the Artillery and its Officers in absence of the great Master The duty of their charge is to go view the ground for the Batteries to mark them out cause them be raised with all diligence and put in condition of Battering the place and Enemies they have the care of causing to be brought into the Trenches all the Arms and Instruments that may be needful and there to appoint Officers to distribute and deliver them out Of Commissaries Every Piece in a Battery hath its Commissary and Officers to serve it a Commissary must be bold skilful and experienced because he it is that levels the Piece by means of the Viser and Wedges which he causes to be raised or lower'd as much as he thinks convenient according as he knows how the Pieces carry and what their burden is When a Cannon is fired the Commissary is to observe if the Bullet works the effect that he desires to the end he may retain or change the manner of levelling it Of Gunners Every Piece in a Battery ought to have its Gunner as well as Commissary the duty of the Gunner is so soon as the Piece hath fired to cool it with a Sponge dipped in Vinegar or Urine without losing of time to put in the Powder Wad and Shot Two of those that serve the Gun take care to place the Piece again into his place the Commissary levels it and gives order to fire A Gunner who understands his Trade well has special care not to put the Powder into a Piece that has just fired until he hath first cooled it because of the heat that remains long in the Metal Every Piece ought to have its men to serve it its Store of Powder and Bullets of size with a provision of Hay for Wads but in such a place as no sparks can flie to The Instruments necessary to a Cannon are the Sponges to cool it the Cartridges wherein the Powder for charging is put the Rammer which serves to Ram it and the Wedges for levelling Of Miners and Fire-work-men Miners and Fire-work-men are also members of the Artillery the former are commanded by a Captain of Miners and serve to Undermine Walls dig holes which the French call Fourneaux under the Lodgings and Mines for blowing up the Bastions and Works of a place The employment of the others is to throw Bombes and to make all sorts of Artificial Fire to be cast into the place that is Attacked or from the walls of that which is defended CHAP. XVIII Of the March of an Army IT is the Generals prudence to order the March of his Army according to the commodiousness of the Country and the knowledge he hath of the Enemies Forces A great Army marches commonly in three great bodies the Artillery and Baggage in the middle but the Country must not be traversed with Marishes or Rivulets and there must be an easy communication between one body and another If the Enemy be on the right hand and the left covered by a River the Equipage should march on the side of the River and the Army in a body or two on the side of the Enemy having alwayes Detachments of Horse or Dragoons in the Van-guard and on the Wings When an Army hath long narrow passages of Woods or Mountains to pass through the General sends of immediately some Regiments of Foot and lines his Squadrons with Battallions leaving Foot in the Woods or on the heights to facilitate the passage of the Artillery and Equipage and as his Troops get through he draws them up in Battel array and keeps them so until all the Army have passed the Pass When an Army Marches in a Country where there is no fear of any powerful Army and where the General would have them live more at their ease he divides them into several Bodies which he sends by several wayes under the Command of General persons appointing to all of them a general Rendezvous The Army in a March is divided into the Van-guard the body of the Battel and the Reer-guard the Van and Reer-guards are Commanded by Lieutenant Generals and Mareschals de Camp the General abides commonly in the body of the Army from whence he sends his Orders to all places where there is need of them by his Aides de Camp or Adâ—utants or by his Majors of Brigads The Cavalry is divided into two Bodies and the Infantry march in the middle betwixt them the first Brigades have the Van-guard and Reer-guard by turns that is that they who have the Van-guard to day have â—he Reer-guard to morrow that is lone by making the Army File off one day to the right and the other to â—he left CHAP. XIX Of Encamping The way of Encamping Horse first Line Foot Horse Second Line Park of Artllerie Park of the Provisions Kings Quarters The Huts of the Quarter Masters and Serjeants are alwayes at the head of the Troopers and Souldiers and the Officers Tents behind The Camp of the first Brigade of the Army is on the right hand of the first line that of the second on the left the third is posted on the right of the second line the fourth on the left and the rest in the Center according to their seniority this is observed among the Horse as well as Foot The Dragoons are never Encamped in the Body of the Army but have their Camp at the Head or on the Wings in that side where the greatest danger is serving alwayes as an out-Guard for the Army Every Regiment ought to have a Guard at the head of their Camp and the Mareschal de Camp for the day takes care to place the great Guard half a League beyond the Army towards the Enemy chusing for that effect a place where all the Avenues may be discovered there it continues during the day and at night draws off near the Army at the head of the Foot When an Army Encamps near the Enemy and there is no River to divide them the General Entrenches his Camp and makes his men pass the night in Arms. Page 53. 1. st part The way of Encamping Lines of Circomvallation Lines of Contravallation The Trenches The River Artillerie Bridg The Kings Quarters Guard CHAP. XX. Of Sieges and Attaques WHen a General intends to Besiege a place he causes it first to be invested by a Body of Horse under the Command of a Lieutenant General and a Mareschal de Camp to hinder all succours from entering it whilest he himself is expected with the rest of the Army The manner of Encamping
at a Siege is quite different from that of a March Here the Army ought to Environ the place in such a manner that nothing can enter it endeavouring as much as may be to keep the Camps without Cannon-shot If the place stand upon a River there is a Detachment made of one part of the Army which takes its Quarters on the other side with Bridges of communication where Redoubts are made wherein are placed strong Foot-guards If it be encompassed with hills the heights are to be possessed from which the Enemies might extreamly incommode the Besiegers if they are once become Masters of them In a Siege the Army Encamps with their back to the place the Battallions lined with Squadrons The Ingeneers mark out the lines of Circumvallation and Contravallation with Redoubts and Angles in fit distances and every Regiment works at them in the place of its Quarter The line of Circumvallation is that which is beyond the Camps designed only to hinder any relief to enter The line of Contrevallation is betwen the Camps and the place which cures the Besiegers from Sallies When the General hath ordered his Camps placed his Guards as well on the side of the place as of the Country about and that he hath appointed Lieutenant Generals to Command in each Quarter with orders what to do he goes with his Ingeneers to view the place and orders the Attaque to be made at the part which he thinks to be weakest for that end he commands the first Regiments of Foot to be in readiness in more or less number according to the strength of the Besieged that he may open the Trenches and orders as many Squadrons as he thinks convenient to mount the Guard of them and to beat back the Sallies of the Enemies the Regiments which are to open the Trenches make their Detachments before they draw out of their Camps they furnish the number of Labourers that the Ingeneers have required with Officers to lead them and the time of marching out drawing near the Majors draw up the Battallions the Chaplains make the accustomed Prayers with a short exhortation at the end whereof they give a general Absolution and the Souldiers cry God save the King throwing their Hats in the Air. The Regiments draw off in good order Drums beating the Officers with Pikes in hand the party Detached at their front and come to the place of working where they receive Orders what to do from the Lieutenant General for the day or the Mareschal de Camp So soon as day ends all the Cavalry of the Army except those who have the Guard go and bring Faggots to the Reerward of the Trenches they who are appointed to defend the Labourers lay themselves on their Bellies some paces beyond the Counterscarpe and part of the Souldiers commanded to work begin to dig and cast up the earth according as it hath been marked out to them by the Ingeneers whilst the others bring them Faggots and Mattocks The Trenches ought to be six foot and a half high and four broad with Banquets for the convenience of the Musketeers and the Ingeneers should carry them on in such a manner that they be not open to the place when it cannot be otherwayes that part which is open is covered with great Faggots or Planks of wood called Madriers When two Attacks are made the first Regiment hath the right and the second the left The great Master or General of the Artillery carries on the works at the Batteries and brings thither the Cannon with a sufficient Provision of all that can be useful to the Trenches If there be no Rideaw Shelter nor Bottom or Depth at the Reer of the Trenches to cover the Horse-guard there are Earthen works called Espaulments cast up which must be Cannon proof behind which they place themselves So soon as day breaks the Lieutenant General causes all the men draw back within the lines of approaches called the Boyau where every one betakes himself to his Post that they may incessantly fire against the place whilest the Pieces of Battery do all they can to dismount the Enemies Guns and spoil their works All the Guards of the Trenches are relieved at the end of twenty four hours at the same hour that they were mounted and the Regiments that enter the Guard should continue the works as far as the Palissadoe They who come after Attack the Chemin couvert the Covered way they drive the Enemies from thence with Granadoes whilest others pluck up the Palissadoes and make there a lodging with Gabions Faggots and Sacks full of earth into which a Captain and Musketeers are placed for its preservation If the Ditches be full of water they are filled with Faggots stuffed with Stones When the half-moon which is to be carried is invested they blow it up with Mines and having driven the Enemies from thence they lodge themselves on it From thence they make a Gallery into the Ditch which joynes to the Bastion whereto the Miner is to be set whilest â—â— the mean time the Batteries are adâ—anced as far as the Covered way If â—he Gallery were in a dry Ditch the â—ieutenant General should not omit to â—ake Provision of several Hogsheads â—f water which is made use of to â—uench the Artificial fires that the Beâ—eged might throw from the Rampart â—pon the Gallery the Miner being â—odged at the foot of the Bastion he â—akes a Mine there and Charges it And when every thing is ready to give the Assault the General causes â—he Besieged to be summoned to renâ—er before the Mine play promising â—hem all good conditions if they had â—ather Surrender than abide the Asâ—ault Hostages are sent from either â—ide whilest the Capitulation is frameâ—ng which is no sooner Signed but â—hat the General Commands the two first Regiments of Foot with a Lieuâ—enant General to go take possession of the Place and establish Courts of Guard wheresoever there is need If the Capitulation bear that the Forces that were in Garrison should be Pâ—â—soners of War they are disarme and shut up in some convenient placâ— to which a strong Guard is put Bâ—â— if it be agreed upon by the Treatâ— that they shall march out with Bâ—â— and Baggage Drums beating Coloâ—â—â— flying lighted Matches and soâ—â— pieces of Cannon the General haâ—ing put his Men in Arms comes â—â— see the Enemies Garrison march oâ—â— the Officers at the head of their Coâ—panies who ought to salute him wiâ—â— their Arms and the Governour at tâ—â— Reer of all and sends with them Guard of Horse to Convoy them â—â— the place that hath been grantâ—â— them by the Capitulation It is the right of the first Foot-Râ—giments of the Army to take possessioâ— of all Conquered places to make tâ— themselves places of Armes to Guaâ—â— the Posts of them and there to coâ—tinue until there be a Commander anâ— Garrison established therein Anâ— the Army never decamps from before them till the breaches be firsâ— repaired the Works refitted the