dried in aqua vite or in gineper oyle or in bothe togither it were verie goode which beinge well dried can not miss And suche Souldieres as are knowen to be curiouse and punctual in this and many more occasiones They re Captaines and Officers ought to have a speciall care to honor and prefer them a cordinge to the trial of ther valor care punctualitie and prudence in givinge goode examples and sheowinge them selves in all occasiones and incounteres vvith a brave and resolute determination vvhiche is a vvonderfull cōforte to they re Captaine and puteth him in greate hope of the victorie and goode success unhappie is the Captaine and unwourdie of the name that vvill not make knowen to his brave Souldieres his inclined affection towatdes them and specially in time of moste neede In ordaininge the conveniente places for the cinteries both in the fielde and garison The Sardgente mayor is to use greate discrestion in oversienge all the circuide and entries of moste importance and danger and after viwenge all he is to a pointe a conveniente place where eache cintery shall by placed a luenge twentie five or fortie paces betwexte every cintery some times more and some times less as occasion shall require But in the fielde is there to be a pointed a cinterie perdue or rather call it the contrary the securitie of the campe this Cintinel is to be put doble meaninge a pike and a caliver in a distance of som o honderth paces litle more or less towardes the enemy and withoute all the other cinteries in the place or places wher there is moste suspision of the enemy to come Some houlde an opinion that this cinterie is not to get the wourde not soe for if they see or hire any rumor or a peerance of the enemy cominge the pikeman shall repaire vvith speede and tel the nexte cintery vvhate he hath eyther seene or hearde and if he have not the wourde or contrasena he shall not let him come neere and this cinterie with speede is to let this pass to the nexte and soe from hande to hande verie secret and scilent till it come to the nexte adioyninge vvatche or garde that they may be prevented in time Thies cinteries of righte is to be caulled the securitie of the campe rather then centerie perdue They are to by chosen of valerouse and setled Souldieres of goode judgemente and brave determinationes And when the advise cometh vvith goode securitie to the watch that the enemy are in armes or approchinge neere presentlie the Master de campe and Sardgente mayor is to be advertised And they are with speede to advertise the Master de campe generall in findinge as before true relation of the occasion to by suspected of any emportance Thies outewarde cinteries are never to retire but when urgente and assured accasion doe constraine them therunto in seeinge the enemy a prochinge and not before and untill they reviwe if it be foote or horse Or if they come in order of squadron or marchinge in single file After well reviwenge them let them retire to the nexte cintery and let the wourde pass very secretly from hande to hand til it come to the next watch or let the pikeman goe forwarde with neowes and the other stay vvith the firste cintinell til they be constrained to retire to the nexte and soe retire be litle and a litle observinge still the enemy and with whate order they doe marche and soe fall into they re owne people and informe of all of whate they have bothe seene and hearde And seeinge them come disordered thinckinge to fall uppon oures of asoddaine beinge a sleepe or in provided Then oures to turne uppon them with full resolution with the short Dromes and Phises which douptlesse if as before they come they shall finde them selves pusseled and amased Thies exploites require prudence valeor silence and brave resolution It is necessarie that the Sardgent mayor give order that uppon paine of deathe none doe presume to give a false alarme vvithoute occasion excepte it be vvith order of the Superior And in occasiones of encounteres skirmises or assaultes vvith the enemy let the Sardgent mayor give order that none call for pouder but verie silente for it is a thinge moste odiouse and of litle discretion that the enemy shoulde knowe of oure vvantes in such occasiones If neede require the pikes and raperes vvill serve in goode steede if the Souldiores vvithe brave resolution and determination doe a complish they re obligationes for vvhich extremities is required a prudent and brave conductor of a valerouse and resolute determination In all occasiones in the filde where the enemy is to be feared and suspected the Sardgent mayor is to give order that the outewarde cinteries of oures nexte unto the enemy doe take a speciall care that none doe pass unto the enemy from oure campe Which is rather to be suspected then if one of the enemy came into oures for such as run unto the enemy they may be suspected that they goe with some advise or secrett intelligence if such persones can not be killed or tacken let they re warninge by presently given to his Captaine and then presently to the Sardgent mayor who at that instant shall comaund that noe Souldier of the watches who hath the wourde shall be permitted to leave the same that night wiche orderes he shall deliver the Sardgentes to deliver they re Captaines to see the same executed And in such occasiones the watche wourde is to by changed and if any boddy by founde absente of those of the watch let they re warninge presētlie be given to the Captaine for it may be a villaine of a base minde and that he did goe with some advise to the enemy and within foure or five dayes after come into oure campe and give faluse excuses hopinge to be pardoned and comitt more villany In thies occasiones goode heede oughte to be taken A verie necessarie thinge it is in a Sardgent mayor to by carefull in seeinge that all the Souldieres of his Regimente be well armed and that there may be noe escuse in a complishinge they re obligationes in escusinge that theyr armes are brocken or a mindinge All thies and many more may they re Captaines and Officeres prevente in time withoute troublinge the Sardgente mayor theyrwithall for he hathe to many other employmentes of greater momente and as isay thies may be well prevented be they re Officeres beinge coriouse and carefull When occasion shall require that the Sardgent mayor woulde have oute of certaine Companies of his Regimente a quantitie of Souldieres to be employed this he is to demaunde of the Capitaines who is to apointe and ordaine the number demaunded and not to intermidle in takinge them otherwise for the Captaine is he which is to give a compte and reason of the Souldieres of his Company and the Sardgentr mayor in noe case is to intermidel in takinge them but those
already declared howe they oughte to be framed and proporsionolly lined and if the enemy horse shoulde chance of a sodaine to chardge on yove and that youe have no tyme to place the overplusse of youre shott in the center divide them betwixte the rankes of pikes all alongste from the fronte to the reare warde so they shall by safe and yove can use them at any tyme when ocasion shall require but havinge inteligence that the enemy are stronge in horse and we feowe or none in suche ocasiones i woule firste bigin in framinge the cener of the overplusse of the shott havinge oportunity for the same and also leave place for hurtemen in the cēter and divide them into so many maniples that they may of a sodaine fall into squadron square of men in the center withoute any crossinge aluēge there iuste fronte and flanke and then divide the pikes into maniples to proportionally guarnishe the center on every side or fronte of the same and then divide in proportion the girdlinge shott that is lefte to guarnish the 4 frontes of the battell of pikes and center this is the perfecte and right way but when urgent necessity requireth the overplusse of shott may be plased and divided betwexte the rankes of pikes as before sett downe advertisinge that the coulores is to goe in the center As the battell dothe marche on towardes the enemy and cominge once within reache of the musket then the firste rankes of the winges of musketes are to marche in this maner the firste rankes steppinge some two or three paces forwarde havinge in the meane tyme made them selves ready and cocked there matches then with readines and expedition all those of the firste rankes there musketes byenge uppon there restes or forkes to discharge at once permitenge other rankes to proceede then presently those of the seconde ranke to stepe upp before the firste ranke as the battell or batallon do marche and so to discharge as they re former followes had don before and then the thirde ranke before the seconde and the four the before the thirde and soe all the other rankes consequently withe this kinde of double marche and at the traine of the laste ranke those of the firste to folowe upp a gaine and so consequently the reste But if chance that the squadron of pikes be distresed or constrained to retire they are to discharge at the enemy retiring backe uppon a counter marche eache feele or ranke consequently and withe expedition one after a nother and withe speede fall bake into there ranke to give place to the nexte rankes that no time be idell employed Sundry opiniones there are of comparisones betwext the Infantery and Cavallery whiche of them is moste utill in the warres the one and the other are moste necessary in occurantes of warlicke affaires but in my opinion the Infantery is to be preferred firste beinge well disciplined in the arte of war never the lesse the cavalleria beinge well monted and armed and beinge experimente souldieres beinge conducted by prudent and brave conductores douptlesse theyr executiones and resolutiō is to be feared but they are not comparable to deale withe resolute foote excepte uppon manifeste and greate advantages and in place or grounde of greate favor for them For beinge well knowen that a resolute stande of pikes well ordered and girdeled withe shott will give them sore stoppes and retournes as plainely apeered when Marques de Pescara withe 800 short aptayned the victory of Charles de noy then Visroy of Napoles withe his Cavallery at the battell of Pavia a nother example wee have of the Conte Francisco Carmognolla beinge Captaine generall of Filip Viconte Duke of Millanes army goinge withe 6000. horse a gainste the Swisheres army was by them repulsed by the valeure and lenghte of there pikes who havinge regathered this disordered troupes consideringe from whence there disadvantage greowe turned head againe uppon the enemy and he him self and his companies disamounted on foote and withe there lances in hande framed afoote squadron and charged the enemy afresh and brake and overthrewe them in number above fifteene thousande when by force of horse coulde not by removed imitatinge herin Marcus Valerius Cornelius who beinge consull and Captaine againste the samnites in the firste punny warres and in theyr laste battell not able to enter uppon them by reason of there lōge pikes where withe they defended them selves comaunded his horsemen to disamounte and on foote they arived as they were withe there lances to fighte withe there enemy and over threwe them and putt them to flighte optaininge the victory and remayninge withe there baggadge and in the battell given by Constantine Roxianus Captaine generall to Sigismund Kinge of Polonia withe Basilius the greate Duke of Moscovia by the river Brisva who surmounted him on horse backe three thousande foote men onely he had in his army won him that day the honor and victory also as did apeere by the memorable batteles of the Inglishe againste the provde cavallery of the frence at agincourte fielde and other places many more examples mighte be recited bothe antient and moderne remembringe that amonge the antiente Romaines there foote was alwayes of more estimation then there horse allwayes houldinge a true opinion that the Infanterie well disciplined is the right sinue of the warr the walles of the citty and fortress of the realme I have hearde say that in thies warres of the netherlande after that the grand Comendador died that Don Alvaro de Vergas who at that time comaunded the Spanish Cavallerie did greate exploictes in encounteres he had withe the states foote and horse but it muste by considered that those were oulde and experimented Souldiers restenge uppon a resolute and valerouse determination The otheres for the moste patre Bisones and rawe people raised uppon a sodaine conceipte in whiche actiones is marvelouse to be marked the diference betwene men of experience and rawe Bisones the prudent cariadge resolute valor and goode conduction of the one and litle practice and experience of the otheres as did apeere in the reincounter at tilmonte and at the souckeringe of monts-dog beinge Taken by them of Mastricke and moste notable in the sacke of Antwerpe where lesse then withe the number of 5000. Spaniards inclosed within the sitadel gave the overthrowe and foile unto 16000 of the Anturpianes Bravely armed and incamped within they re owne towne In like sorte at the overthrowe of Gibleo where not above 600. horse of don Iohn de Austria his troopes defeated above 15000 of the states moste strange and wonderfull onely for wante of goode conductores and the enemy spyinge theese advantages resultinge of there simple conduction founde them selves amased And for as muche as i have spoken muche of this office i will conclude in sayenge that he oughte nowe and then to visite and revisite at diveres and differente houres all thinges by him provided and a pointed and see that they be prudently ordered and
of the one wil serve for the flanke of the other A SQUADRON OF BROADE FRONTE FRONTE OF THE BATTELL Table of the Battell 25 rankes of 16 pikes 400 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes Pikes remaininge 30 pikes  1930 pik 27 rankes of 5 musketes 135 musketes 27 rankes of 5 musketes 135 musketes 86 rankes of 5. musketes 430 musketes 86 rankes of 5 musketes 430 musetes 50 troupes conteininge 2940 musketes  4070 musk Advertisinge that the 20 musketes for the lininge shott of the culoures are comprehended in the divisiones of the lininge shot of the two flankes which 20 muskees were cut of the laste troupe on the liefte flanke whiche troupe remaines with 54 musketes and all the reste 74 musketes No souldier i hope oughte to be ingnorante but that the squadron of pikes being framed it is to be empaled and girdeled withe shott as many rankes of shott as pikes But the righte and naturall girdelinge shott indeede oughte to be no more shott in ranke then that the pike may well cover and defende espesially where the enemy are stronge of horse and so under the favor of the pike there can nott conveniently be defended but one ranke of three or foure shott at the moste and so many in my opinion shoule the girdelinge shott containe and knelinge upon one knee under the coverte of the couched pikes shoulde at the charginge of the horsemen discharge there voley in there face and bosome whiche woulde be no smale gallinge unto them butt when this danger of horse is not to by feared then the impalement may be made of more shot in a ranke acordinge to the quantity of shott and the reste of the shott into smale slives or troupes to troupe rounde aboute the battell in reasonable distance from the same the whiche divisiones of smale troupes i esteeme to be far better then the greate inproportionate winges whiche many do use containinge far greater numberes and are muche more ready to be broughte to skirmishe eyther in single or double fiele and every severall troupe to be led by a Sargente or Corporall and some Captaines to oversee the whole and at every angle of the battell it were not a misse to a pointe certaine troupes of shott whiche woulde flanker itt every way even as the Cavallero or Travessos do the curtine of a forte Let none be ingnorante but that for the severall divisiones of pikes and shott is required greate considerationes as time occasion and situation shall require continuall application in the theoricke and practicke of warr togither withe perfection in arithmeticke makethe easy many difficulties of deepe judgemente and rare importance in warlike affaires all whiche cōtinuall use and exercice make the easy for the severall divisiones of shott many considerationes are to be had acordinge as occasion shall require and the situation and disposition of groūde shall permitt for the girdelinge shott some use three some 4. and five is the moste that can conveniently be defended under the shelter or defence of the pike and specially when the enemy are stronge on horse so that for the righte guarnision of shott oughte not to be more then the pike can defende but in suche occasiones as the enemy is not to be feared on horse the divisiones of shot can be ordered of greater numberes to skirmishe acordinge to the judgemente of the Sardgente mayor dividinge them in wings or maniples as he shall thincke moste conveniente observinge theyr juste proportion in they re divisiones some use greate wings of shott whiche are not comendable in occasiones of fighte for the smale troupes are more apte and easieste to by governed and of a sodaine youe can skirmishe withe them eyther in single or double fiele and that bisides they bringe more men to fighte at once but when the enemy are superior on horse and wee feowe or none it is goode to gett the 4. frontes of the battell of equal resistance bothe to offende and defende so that the enemy may not take advantage of one place more then of the other The wings or maniples of shotte are not to go any greate distāce from the battell of pikes and specially when the enemy are stronge on horse but rather under the shelter and defence of the pikes that therby the squadron may by the stronger and more safe in receiuynge any domage when theyr force is united in one boddy as happened to don Alvaro de Sandy in the journey of caruan in barbery when the exercito of Ciderfa Kinge of the moores charged on him one of his Captaines named Luis Bravo de Laguna seinge a winge of shott a goode distāce from the squadrō cried on don Alvaro wishinge him withe spede to tourne and receiue that winge for freare that for loosinge the same he shoulde incur danger to loose the body by dayly experience we see that smale numberes doe repulse far greater and that the army whiche is beste ordered and disciplined moste comonly is master of the victory wherof there are verie many examples in writinge of famouse and antiente auctores so that theese happy proceedinges resulte of the goode order prudence and approoved experience of the chefe and brave Comaunderes and of the resolute valor of the Souldieres as Vegetio de re militari give the reason how the antiente Romaines came to Master all other Nationes sayinge that they were not so greate as the Germaines nor so greate in number as the Frence nor so prudente as the Greeckes nor so many in nūber as the Spanardes nor so subtill as the Africanes nor so furiouse as the Britanes butt by they re continuall practice and experience in warr they overcomed al theese difficulties by onely mantayinge there people wel exercised in armes and practice of warr when a regimente dothe marche some times greate disorderes are comited the Souldieres runinge away from there culoures robinge and spoylinge the country and poore inhabitantes litle regardinge in not acomplishinge there obligationes in beinge absent from there culoures litle respectinge or fearninge there Officeres and no respecte to military discipline wherof resulteth greate ruines and revoltes in many countries some superiore and inferiore Officeres are culpable in thiese intolerable disorderes offencive to the lawes of god and comon wealth in not procuringe sollicitinge and dayly instructinge they re Souldieres as a father is bounde to doe for his children and that as farr as his ability and power can reach and not to be inclined to steale or wronge the poore Souldier in keepinge any thinge wrongefully from him but rather sheowinge him self very lovinge and kinde to them In equalinge him self in all dangeres and travayles withe them in cōtinually givinge them goode instructiones and comfortinge them in all necessities yea and in assistinge them to his ability in ministringe equitie and goode
informinge him selfe well of his regimente as well of secret as of publike matteres that he may prevente and remedy in due tyme all and cause to be severely punished such as doe breake the proclamationes by him comaunded and suche as are inclined to base factes as theives quarleres dishoneste dronkardes and base mutineres of litle pascience and lesh honoure of no discression feare nor love nyther of god nor of theire prince suche base fellowes are to by severelie punished in publick and to by driven a way like men tatched with uglie crimes unwourdie to equall themselves withe brave souldiores of honeste life ful of pacience obedience feare and goode examples of which persones the master de campe Sardgente mayor and Captaines are to take notice and have a speciall care in honoringe and preferinge them sheowinge them a faire and lovinge countenance and givinge them greate hope of avancemente and let triall of time and ocasiones verifie the same with deedes whiche shall by a greate comforte to suche as are inclined to uertue and greate greefe to those given to vices and unrulie factes and bad exemples whiche oughte to a mende theire lives and imitate the steppes of those of honeste life prudente and vertuse cariadge full of love feare and obedience given to continuall goode applicationes shuninge idelnes and bad company which of righte oughte by there Superiores to by highlie estimed whereunto they are bounde in conscience For the securitie of ocasiones in marchinge and in preventinge of sodaine and unprovided incursiones ambuscados and stratagemes of the enemy A necessarie thinge it were to imitate the Romaines in a luenge fiftine horses to everie 100 foote so that in many plases in marchinge where they re may by any suspicion of the enemy the Master de campe then shoulde a pointe a conductor to leade and governe thies horsemen and in offeringe time or occasion to divide them into as many partes as the occasion shall require apointinge a leader for each division and for the intertainemente of thies horsemen they shoulde inioy so much meanes as other horsemen so that in ocasiones of marchinge the Infanterie may goe with far greater securitie beinge divided into thre or foure partes to recnoledge the places of moste suspicion of ambuish and other secret stratagemes of the enemy whiche beinge recnoledged and discovered necessarie prevention may by taken in due time thies men may serve bothe for horse and foote acordinge as ocasion shall require Of eache division or parte of thies horse it is necessarie to name a Comaunder or leader who shall take care to governe them forbidinge and comaundinge that by no meanes they lende thies horses but get them alwaies readie to by imploied when or where occasion shall require Thies horses may serve for many goode purposes in pasinge the Infanterie over riveres in recnoledginge pasadges as alsoe in cominge in possession of pasadges whiche beinge feared that the enemy shoulde come to posess the same before oures The Ende of the firste Booke TO lâ—che is to say the measuringe of the grounde required for to lodge a comâ— foote and 8. foote for the streete betwext every 2. feiles and plasinge the doores fronte of his company vvhiche is 24. foote broade and the deepnes he shall beste â—â—r persones as do provide the company vvithe victualles and other necessaries of some souldiores The lodginge of the Master de Campe in the rergarde of his â—oote broade and 15. foote deepe or in the flanke and if it chance that the foote and 〈…〉 â—O lodge acompany of Infantery in campainÌ„a and the measuringe of the due distance and place required and observed by the Romaine Castrametasio whiche is to say the measuringe of the grounde required for to lodge a company of foote conteyninge 100. men Is ordayned 2. feiles of barackes and in eache feile 200. stepes deepe and broade inthe fronte of eache feile 8. foote and 8. foote for the streete betwext every 2. feiles and plasinge â—oores of the barakes towardes the streete The Captaines lodginge in the hed of his quarter in quadrangell maner occupienge so muche grounde as the full fronte of his company vvhiche is 24. foote broade and the deepnes he 〈◊〉 beste thincke and a distance of 10 or 20. foote betvvexte him and his company and in the rergarde and behinde all is to lodge the sutleres and suche other persones as do provide the company vvithe victualles and other neâ—ries vvhere also the soildores are to kooke theire vituales for feare of firinge the quarter as some times it happeneth troughe litle care feare and discipline of some souldiores The lodginge of the Master de Campe in the rergarhis 〈◊〉 his quarter by the greate streete The horse also if theire shoulde chance be any Eache company is to be devided into tvvo feiles alovvinge eache feile 12. foote broade and 15. foote deepe or in the flanke and if it chance that the 〈◊〉 and horse do lodge in one place the Infantery are to be placed and ranked on bothe flankes or sides and the horse betvvext them FRONTE OF THE QUARTER BY the figure and plat above ordered for the encampinge of an army both of horse and foote youe see the quantitie of grounde required for eache with the due measuringe required both for foote and horse with theire due places and streetes And in the moste comodiouse place aboute the middiste of the grounde litle more or lesh where youe meane to encampe the army marcke asquare plat of grounde of 60. or 70. paces square for the goals pavilion and place And then shal by lined two straight streetes which shall come to cross one another righte againste the generals place which are caled the principal streetes and at the heade of every one shall be apoinâ— a garde or watche towardes the enemy And on the oute warde partes of all shal by apoincted gardes of horse to by prevented againste the soddaine exploites and stratagemes of the enemy And at every streetes ende a garde alsoe other pasadges and entries where the enemy are to by suspected are to by fortified and shutt as behoveth and with vigilante watches for oure better securitie and to by prevented againste sodaine exploites of the enemy soe for the better repose and securitie of oures So that all thinges by prudentlie prevented in due time in as muche as military prudence care and vigilance requireth Some houlde opinion that for many respectâ—â— that the lodges of the Captaines shoulde by plased in the rere of theire companies and the Alferishes in the fronte THE SECONDE BOOKE TREATINGE OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE COMPOSED BY CAPT. GERAT BARRY IRISH. THE FIRSTE CHAP. Bigininge with the election and office of a Campe-master generall THIS Office troughe greate consideration is to by comended and bestowed uppon a personadge of greate gravitie prudence and valeour and of tried experience and exercice in warr that therby he may comaunde with greate auctoritie and by estimed acordinge his qualitie and truste
fall withoute confusiō into they re juste place in battell a ray All vvhich the Sardgente mayor is bounde to instructe for beinge the master vvho is to learne and leade them for it belongeth to his chardge and office and besides it importeth him muche that they be vvell instructed and exercised in martial affaires for soe vvith greate facilitie shal he execute his affaires as did the Thesarios to vvhose chardge be the Romanies was recomended this office as vvell in filde as in garison They instructed they re Souldieres in the scoole they exercised the Tirones which were the Bisones or newe Souldieres two times a day and the Veteranos vvhiche vvas they re oulde Souldiers once a day Soe they vvere very experte as vvell in knovvinge howe to manadge they re armes as to serve with the same as alsoe in punctualy knowinge to observe order in march and squadron as alsoe induringe greate travailes They alsoe vvere exercised in runinge leapinge shevvminge and all other exercicee and vertues necessarie and fitenge for warr They were constrained to march with they re complet armor both foote and those that wente a horssbake two dais in a month carienge alsoe with them on they re backes al necessary foode for that jurney fightinge as it vvere vvith the enemy givenge and receivinge the chardge as if it vvere in a bloody vvarr for the space of ten thousand pases in they re vvhole yurney cominge and goinge and vvith this as customed exercice they were apte and nemble whensoever occasion of service or employmente did offer Soe that vvith two thousande of these greater exploytes and executiones vvere made then with thirtie thousande bisones or rawe mē for vvhich cause they vvere victoriouse councoringe with greate renoome till they vvere vvholie given to vice idelnes and regalitie Trough which meanes they begon to fall into decay and of they re longe repose and idel life did resulte a bad and sorowfull ende for beinge vvholie given to woomen delicate meates sleeepe and ease and of no care to exercice them selves in armes They became to forget all vertue to by covardes and fall into decay Now see a plaine example vvhich happened to one of the moste famouseste Captaines of the vvorlde vvhich was Anibal Cartagenes son to Amilcar beinge nine yeares oulde vvas broughte to the vvarres and vvas caused to swere to be enemy to the Romaines duringe life and cominge to the adge to governe an army he marched from Spaine trough France into Italie vvhere in passinge the river Rodane The Romaines a tendinge him where he had a moste sore incounter in pasinge the river But Aniball with prudence and greate valeure with tables tember and greate tries made a bridge trough with dificultie and greate hasarde that at lēghte he paste his army over the river by force of armes and vvith no lesh endustrie did he pass the hugie montaines of the Alpes breakinge downe greate rokes and makinge them plaine where he made a way that his army coulde pass which contained 120000. of foote and horse and they re bagadge on Elefantes and brute beastes and pased to piamonte vvher he rejoysed of his safe a rivall trough such a trouble some and dangerouse vvay comfortinge and givinge his to understande that they vvere oute of danger and trouble and arived into a fertill countrie abondante of all necessaries befittinge Ther havinge reposed his army he touke his jurney towardes the river of Trevia in Plasintin and met vvith the Romaines where he optained the victorie and from thence he touke his jurney and paste by Perusa til he came to Trasimeno vvhere he gave an other overtrow to the Romaines and kilth of them three and twenty thousande And after this he paste with his army to Pulla in Canas which nowe is Barleta vvhere he alsoe foughte vvith the Romaines and had the victorie of them vvith the slaughter of fortie thousande of them as Plinius and Francisco Petrarca Tuscano declareth Soe that he had the bridell vvith Italie sixtime yeares poseste vvith that brave and prudente conductor skilfull and valerouse army After this he came to Capua a pleasante country of vveomen and other comodities and they re gave him self and his army to repose in garisones a longe time vvhere he and they became idel and forgetfull of all military exercice as thoughe they never had managed armes Which vvas cause of the ruine and perdition of all his army as they say that Capua vvas a greater perdition to Anibal then to the Romaines the losh of Canas and after beinge constrained to pass unto Africa to soucour Cartago his countrie beinge informed that Cipio that famouse Captaine vvente thiter vvith his Romaine army be vvhome Aniball vvas overcome so that his vice longe repose and neglectinge of armes vvas cause of his destruction as alsoe hapened to many other brave vvarrieres But this of Aniball is a sufficiente example for those that followe the profession of armes to alwayes houlde and keepe they re Souldieres in exercice of armes and that vvith greate care for feare of destruction Soe this is a goode and sufficiente example for a Sardgent mayor to alwayes keepe his Souldieres in the exercice of armes and to imitate still the Romaines in they re continuall practice And in case that the moste parte of the Companies of his Regimente are not togither vvhere he is residente Let him advertice they re Captaines that they be carefull to exercice they re Souldieres and it vvere not amiss that he in the ende of everie three or foure montes shoulde visite them all over and vvith care exercice them in the ocasiones of marchinge and imbatelinge Wherby he shall finde them apte and ready to his will not needinge overmuch paines nor disputes as alwayes muste by with rawe men litle exerciced in armes In nothinge is he to be more curiouse then in learninge and instructinge them who to observe orderes of marchinge and in framing with them all sortes of squadrones and to cause them skirmish sundrie manner of wayes and cause them to toss the pike and to by apte in handelinge the same beinge queene of armes and moste noble of all the reste This office of a Sardgent mayor vvas in times paste cauled thesariouse or Master who is to instructe military discipline he which is apte and skilfull in vvell a complishinge the aproved partes ordained for the execution of this office is fitt for any other office in vvarr to the verie office of a Master de campe generall which of all the reste requireth greatesth care and sufficiencie Wheresoever the Sardgente mayor shall happen to by with his Regimente or vvith parte of the same eyther in campana or garison when the Companies of the same shall inter the watch he is to by presente and take care that the Captaines be vvell armed with faire and complet corseletes and all peeces therunto a pertaininge and vvith a faire peeke of sixtine or seventine foote longe the Musquetier with a
wil be 16. and 24. remainenge and say that 16. is the fronte of youre battell that don to finde oute the flanke devide 210. the propounded number of pikes by 16. the fronte the quotiente wherof will be 13. and two pikes remainenge and say that 13. is the flanke and 16 the fronte and two pikes remayninge to see of youe have don well multiply the fronte by the flanke addinge to the producte of youre multiplicatioÌ„ the remainder and if it agrie withe youre propounded number of pikes it goes well Nowe for the devition of youre propounded number of short whiche is 250. musketes take the whole number of short and pikes whiche is 460. and divide the same by 3. whiche quotient youe shall finde to by 153. and one remaininge nowe thiese 153. the quotiente of youre laste devision of the propounded number of 460. the producte of whiche 2. aditiones wil by 613. that don take the square roote of 613. which will by 24. the fronte of the number nowe to finde oute the flanke take youre principall number of pikes and shott whiche is 460. whiche youe are to devide by 24. the square roote of 613. and the number in the quotiente will be 19 and 4. remayninge and say that 24. is the fronte and â—9 the flanke that don deducte 13. the flanke of youre squadron of pikes oute of 19 the laste flanke and there shall remaine 6. this 6. divide into two partes and yove shall finde 3. in eache parte and say that the firste division of shott is 14. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke comprehended one ranke of 3. musketes for the lininge of the culoures of the righte flanke of youre squadron of pikes and say that the leifte flanke or side of youre battell of pikes are to be lined withe the self same order i meane 14. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke soe is the two flankes of youre battell of pikes proportionally lined withe musketes Nowe to finde oute the shot that will line the fronte and rerwarde of youre battell of pikes deducte 84. musketes the lininge shott of the two flankes oute of 250. the full number of shott and there will remaine 166. musketes theese 166. divide by 22. the full fronte of youre pikes of the two linges the quotient of whiche wil be 7. this 7. divide into two partes the one will be 4. and the other of 3. and say that the guarnison of musketes that is to line the fronte is 22. rankes of 4 musketes in eache ranke and 22 rankes of 3. musketes for the linenge of the rerwarde so is youre battell proportionally guarnished or lined every way ad vertisinge that 12. musketes remainethe oute of youre division vvhiche vvill serve for to guarinsh the culoures so vvithe this observation and rule youe may divide youre shott of any other suche semblable battelles Advertisinge that tvvo pikes vvhiche dothe guarnish the culoures are above the number the devision of the battell yealdeth vvhiche at leaste are to be taken oute of some ranke for that inescusable purpose to guarinsh the culoures as also to be rekoned but once in theire firste division so that in all squadrones when in the divisiones of theire pikes and shott shall not reste the conueniente number required for the due lininge of the culoures then of force must that number be taken oute of some parte of the battell advertisinge that this number so taken is not to be rekened but once and that is vvhere theire first division sheovveth as declared in the tabell of the battell vvhich is the true observation and explication of the divisiones bothe of the pikes and shott So is it to by vnderstoode that the number takeÌ„ oute of thies divisiones for the culours the battell shall containe so many above the number alued in theire firste division and so for not to err the divisiones of the table are to be observed for bienge infallible and for cause that moste comonly of force order and array muste be broken to orderly place the culors in the center as also to guarnish them vvithe the conveniente pikes and shott A Squadron of two times more in fronte then in flanke TO finde oute the fronte and flanke of any number of pikes whiche yove woulde have to be two times more broade then longe or more in fronte then in flanke whiche i supose at this instant to be 1008. of the vvhiche 520. are pikes and 488. musketes firste take the propounded number of pikes whiche is 520· and multiply the same by 2. the producte will by 1040. nowe oute of this producte take the square roote whiche wil be 32 and 16. remaininge and say that 32. is the fronte of youre battell of pikes nowe to finde oute the flanke take the propounded number of pikes whiche is 520. This 520. divide by 32. the fronte and the number in the quotient will be 16. and 8. pikes remaininge so yove founde oute the fronte and flanke meaninge that 32. is the fronte and 16 the flanke and 8. pikes remaininge in youre laste division whiche will serve to guarnish the culoures withe the observation of this rule yove may frame a battell of pikes eyther of smale or greate numberes and of whate forme yove will have the same to conteine of 3. times 4. times or 5. times more in fronte then in flanke in multiplyinge the propounded number of pikes by the proportion therof if yove woulde have it containe 3. times more in fronte then in flanke multiply youre propounded number of pikes by 3. if yove woulde have it to containe 4. times more in fronte then in flanke multiply it by 4. and in wourkinge as before taughte yove shall finde oute the fronte and flanke and there juste proportion for the impalinge shott i have spoken of in other forme of squadrones but for suche as woulde be curiouse and experte is required greate consideration to be had for the severall sortes of divisiones of shott as time occasion and situation shall require and it is moste necessary for him that undertakethe this chardge in haÌ„de to by expert in Arithmeticke and so withe continuall practice shall he withe greate facility bringe to juste perfection all the divisiones befitenge for this purpose and let none be ingnorante but that for the severall and rare curiosities of the divisiones of shott is required muche practice and specially in Aritmeticke whiche is the principall fundament in reducenge thees devisiones into there iuste perfection alwayes consideringe of tyme occasion and situation as also of afore caste prevention againste the stratageames and orderes of youre enemy A Squadron square of men of 3024. Souldieres of the whiche 1764. are pikes and 1260. musketes divided into severall maniples and troupes to marche that they may fall into battell presently when occasion is offered as by the figure and divisiones folowinge set downe and for suche as have not intered into the deepe judgement and practice of this arte I will
justice a mongste them in honoringe and preferenge those of brave cariage and goode examples that otheres may imitate thē in redresinge in due time disorderes in seinge severely punished factioneres wholy given to vice and bad examples whiche are more dangerouse then the divell so shall he bothe by beloved and feared by the Souldieres in knowinge that he is carefull in ministringe and procuringe justice to eache one acordinge his deserte and specially to se base factioneres banished and severly punished when there is no hope of there amendmente In occasiones of marchinge the Sardgent mayor is to take a speciall care to procure all thinges to be in a readines to bigin his jurney verie early that the Souldieres may come in goode time to theyr quarter for many considerationes to theyr comodity and ease and in they re marche not to opress them but keepe an ordinary pace for otherwise verie many shall stay behinde To make al to nowe and then where he shall hit uppon good water and he ought to have aregarde in pasinge narowe pasadges and make alto a distance of till they all have paste and fal into there former divisiones and rankes a Sardgente oughte to be leifte in eache division of the Regimente that he may yealde acompte of them at all times and observe the order as it was ordained by the Sargente mayor withe so many rankes and the self number so that withe facility oute of there marche they may fall into squadron when occasion shall require and suche a Sardgente or Sardgentes as troughe negligence shall not acomplish his obligation to reprehende him in publike In time of the Romaines suche as were inclined to disobedience in not acomplishinge there order and obligation they were so severly punished that no Souldier durste by absente from his ranke and the Sardgentes and Officeres of eache division of they re marchinges had suche care in acomplishinge whate was referred to there charge withe suche punctuality that full satisfaction was yealded In extraordinary heate weather in somer when the Sardgente mayor marchethe withe his Regimente greate consideration oughte to be taken as before spoken of by cause of the extraordinary heate and heavy burden of the Souldier some times they are chockte and burned with heate and for shame and regarde of there honor they rather try danger of deathe then stay behinde there culoures When the Sardgente mayor shall marche withe his Regimente in any place or contry where the enemy is to be feared the divisiones ought not to by greater then that they may comodiously marche nor lesse thē the thirde parte of the squadrō of pikes some times withe the one haulfe and some times in battell allwayes takeng regarde of the situation and occasion The Master de campe in marchinge withe his Regimente as cheefe of the same is to marche in the vangarde nexte to whose person is to assiste the Sardgente mayor as a principall minister to whome he deliveres the orderes of his Regimente but if the enemy shoulde chance to charge on the reregarde he as a cheefe conductor of his Regimente is to assiste in the place moste to be feared of the enemy to comaunde and execute in due time whate is moste fitt The Sardgente mayor beinge in campiana and beinge informed that his Regimente is to marche the nexte morow he is to repaire to the Captaine generall of whome he is to demaunde order where his Regimente shall marche in the vangarde battell of reregarde and he is to advertice and give order to the Captaine de campania to gett all the bagadge charged uppon the a poincted houre ordained and not to faile in acomplshinge the same and if the vangarde belonges to him he is to comaunde the Captaine de campania to get all thinges in a redineshe at the breake of day and to give order that the culoures and companies of his Regimēte withe speede drawe oute of the quarter and to marche on to the place of armes and there to frame his squadron givinge order to eache Captaine where he shall marche that day and divide the Sargentes and sheowe each one his division and givinge thē straighte charge that they acomplishe there obligatiō withe care and punctuality and that no Souldier doe misse his ranke nor breake the order given if the narownes of the pasadge do not constraine him and let no Souldier pass to spoyle the poore inhabitantes and if he wante any Souldier of those of his division or if any come unto them more then the order given to adverice the Sardgent mayor and for recompence of his punctualitie and care in acomplishinge his obligation he shall gaine the benevolence of his Master de campe and Sardgent mayor and in reason they oughte to have a memory of his punctuall care and to prefer him into a greater office for his obedience and punctuallitie a monghste other Sardgentes and not once nor twice but still makinge knowen his aproved partes care and diligence in acomplishinge the orderes of his Superiores soe can he not by forgotten by the superior officers till he by advāced for his undeniable care and obedience Moste necessary it is for a Sargent mayor to be couriouse and experte in executinge well his office for in tyme of framinge of squadrones the Judges of his errores are many in time of framinge of squadrones some Sardgēts mayores do fall into many errores by reason of there litle exercice and specially for not appliēge them selves withe care and diligence bothe in the theorike and practike of this arte and specially to by skilfull in Arithmeticke whiche withe practice makethe easy many rare occurrantes in warrlike affaires and suche as are not curiouse in well appleinge them selves in learninge the rare and deepe curiosities of this arte do some times finde them selves pusled and amased before there enemy in time of moste neede A moste unfitinge thinge it is for one to be ingnorante and unhabele in his office soe i supose that suche as do not diligently apply them selves can hardly reduce into perfection that wherof he is ingnorante and knowethe not the arte by dayly experience we see that favor frendshipp enteres and affection hinderethe muche prosperity and goode successes and specially in this noble arte of warr Many opiniones there are for the divisiones of shott and specially when the enemy are stronge on horse and that youe have two thirde partes of shott unto one of pikes youre battell beinge empaled and girdeled proportionally withe shott there will yett remayne goode store of shott The question is how they shall be bestowed to be safe from the fury of the horse the sureste and beste way is to put them into the center of the battell of pikes where they are more safe and if any shott be killed or hurte youe can take at all times oute of the center as many as youe shall neede of For the framinge of thiese battelles withe centeres i have
of warrlike afaires but the learninge becometh none better then the souldior for it bringes him to greate perfection firimnes and auctoritie Many Kinges Emperoures and Captaine generalles do imbrace the letteres with armes and finde it moste necessarie and are of rare importance and finde that learninge is moste required to the executiones of this profession more then to any other profession for bienge the true fundamente of nobilitie In the profession of armes the wicked uice of invie is moste odiouse and uileste of all actes for bienge master of many vices which resulte of rude and blinde ingnorance subjecte to quareles murmurasion backbitinge disgraces and bad examples enemy to all goode proceedinges truth and vertue whiche doth so penetrate the unconsiderate and base understandinge of many of litle conscience and reputation daylie decaienge and fallinge unto many crimes and disgraces enemy to frindshipp and acorde subjecte to afrontes and vices of bad life and bad ende In the profession of armes greate care oughte to be taken of suche as are given to suche and semblable vices and when by faire meanes and goode instructiones they do not a minde to see them severelie punished or drive them a way like base factioneres inclined to vices troubles and bad examples THE FIFTH CHAP. WHosoever woulde wish to be a perfecte souldior and desirouse that matteres of importance were refered to his care and chardge firste he muste by exercised longe time in warres sheowinge him diligēte in a plienge him selfe in the theoricke and practick of this arte to be couriouse and ingeniouse in many ocurrantes and warlike exploites in fortifienge him selfe in ocasiones of necessitie eyther in plaine or hilly grounde riveres or pasadges or where soever He is to be couriouse in understandinge the dificulties of the situation the uantadge and disadvantadge of the place and howe he may intertaine the place in as muche as industrie can a fourde in consideringe how soucor can be kepte from him and the necessary prevension if he by inviorened with wood gardines ditches valeyes ould buildinges in 700. or 800. paces and if theire be any suche empedimentes to see them with speede plained and prevented that he may discouer every way and let him looke well that he be not deprived of water and in as muche posible to informe him selfe in knowinge all meanes the enemy may use to cross him of soccoure and the sureste way or meanes who he may receive soucor and use all industrie posible in so muche that the enemy do not cross him of the pasadges and put them selves in posession of the same He is to fortifie him selfe in as muche as may by posible and as the situasion shall permit not grudginge at the greate paines required to that effecte in raisinge the walles in the heighte and forme requisite the ditch of the breade and heighte conveniente To raise the bulwarkes of the same in the heighte that they may discover the sircuide and places befitinge on eache side let him by provided in due time of all necessarie munitiones and as much as may by and rather have to spare then wante alsoe to be provided of severall sortes of fire wourkes whiche are of rare emportance in many ocasiones let him by alwaies vigilante and warie and feare of the suddaine plottes and stratagemes of his enemy whiche may fall uppon him when he leaste thinketh so let him not wholie truste to his and his souldiores valour but rather alwayes be readie to receive the alarme with greate vigilance and brave resolusion so shall he a complish the obligationes of a prudente carefull and vigilante souldior and defende his reputasion When any stronge place is beseeged and that yove woulde cut atrince to win the same the person that undertaketh this chardge muste by curiouse and skillfull the trince is to by five foote deepe and the earthe to be caste up on both sides then it shall be seaven foote deepe in some places it is to by ten foote broade in some places eighte but in the biginenge it needeth not to be above eight foote broade and in every place it muste by five foote at leaste deepe Thies trinches are to by cutt and goe on crossed and crouked so that the enemy do not discover oure fronte but givinge them still oure side and so shall the companies inter with the better securitie and feowe men kilth and they may goe upp and downe the trince at theire owne ease but they muste beware and by in all redines leaste the enemy shoulde chance of a soddaine come to trye theire valour and kill suche as they finde in the trince and nayle the artillerie if they can come so farr therfore let theire by chosen the beste and moste valerouse pikemen and order them in thre in ranke to hinder the entinte or empetue of the enemy in thies and semblable ocasiones in warr where carelelie Officeres and souldiores do assiste they finde them selves amazed for there litle care and vigilance in soddaine prevented exploites of the enemy after bienge well informed of trustie spies of the litle vigilance and care of the enemy it is an easie thinge to triumphe victorie of them so in ocurrantes and ocasiones of warrlike afaires all securitie is to by prevented in due time in as muche as industrie vigilance and care can afourde and such as do not thinke uppon them selves to prevente the necessarie remedies are moste comonly loste and suche as do escape remaine tatched with greate disgrace for bienge overthrowen trough careless mindes and litle discipline so let none by ingnorant but that vigilance and care acompanied with military prudence and brave resolusion is of rare importance in warr THE SIXTE CHAP. Treatinge of the Office of a Captaine generall of an Army THis office beinge of so high dingnitie and degree the Kinge doth chuse and electe it be the advice of his prudente counsell of state and warr and in this election greate consideration oughte to by had for bienge the office of higheste degree in the fielde which of all reason oughte to by comended to the care and chardge of a personadge indued with the befitinge partes for the executinge of so honorable a chardge Therfore he oughte not onely to have the perfection and aproved partes of all other officeres under his comaunde but to excell them all in experience gravitie policie secrecie temperance valour constancie vigilance care liberalitie and to by of brave and resolute determinations preventinge and executinge in due time with care and prudence all thinges apertaininge to his chardge To relate of all the goode partes in him it were tedious for he is to by of suche perfecte judgemente of all thinges which hath and shall by writen of this arte so that the goode partes in him required are infinit He is not onely to by of perfecte judgemente in excellinge all the reste but alsoe to by of a verteouse life in givinge goode examples as apateerne lighte and