teutoni_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n near_o the_o water_n sextiae_n he_o send_v marcellus_n with_o a_o small_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o night_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o better_a to_o show_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o army_n command_v the_o servant_n and_o cook_n to_o go_v also_o arm_v with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o beast_n for_o carriage_n and_o cart_n cover_v over_o with_o course_n coverleds_o the_o better_a to_o show_v the_o likeness_n of_o horseman_n he_o command_v they_o that_o assoon_o as_o they_o see_v the_o battle_n begin_v they_o shall_v come_v down_o upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o enemy_n this_o appearance_n strike_v so_o great_a a_o terror_n into_o the_o enemy_n that_o their_o most_o valiant_a man_n immediate_o flee_v 7._o m._n licinius_n crassus_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o fugitive_n when_o he_o be_v to_o lead_v out_o his_o army_n near_o calamarcum_fw-la against_o castus_n and_o canimocus_fw-la captain_n of_o the_o gaul_n send_v twelve_o band_n or_o cohort_n command_v by_o c._n promptinus_fw-la and_o c._n martius_n rufus_n his_o lieutenant_n round_o about_o a_o hill_n so_o that_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v begin_v this_o party_n come_v behind_o the_o enemy_n with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o rout_v they_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o instead_o of_o fight_v they_o all_o flee_v 8._o when_o marcellus_n be_v afraid_a that_o the_o small_a number_n of_o his_o man_n will_v be_v discover_v by_o their_o hollow_v command_v all_o the_o follower_n of_o his_o army_n to_o increase_v the_o hollow_v by_o this_o mean_v he_o use_v to_o fright_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o great_a army_n 9_o valerius_n levinus_n in_o a_o battle_n against_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n have_v kill_v with_o his_o sword_n a_o certain_a common_a soldier_n hold_v it_o up_o all_o bloody_a in_o the_o fight_n of_o both_o army_n tell_v they_o that_o therewith_o he_o have_v slay_v pyrrhus_n therefore_o the_o enemy_n think_v that_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o leader_n and_o trouble_v with_o this_o lie_n retreat_v in_o fear_n into_o their_o camp_n 10._o jugurtha_n fight_v in_o numidia_n against_o c._n marius_n have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n by_o his_o long_a live_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n advance_v to_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o declare_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n in_o latin_a that_o he_o have_v kill_v c._n marius_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v trouble_v many_o of_o the_o roman_a army_n 11._o mynnide_n the_o athenian_a command_v in_o a_o doubtful_a fight_n against_o the_o theban_n sudden_o run_v to_o his_o right_a wing_n and_o cry_v out_o aloud_o that_o the_o leave_v have_v already_o get_v the_o victory_n by_o this_o policy_n he_o increase_v the_o courage_n and_o cheerfulness_n of_o his_o man_n and_o so_o terrify_v the_o enemy_n that_o they_o flee_v and_o leave_v he_o the_o victory_n 12._o when_o croesus_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o horse_n he_o cause_v a_o great_a company_n of_o camel_n to_o meet_v they_o the_o horse_n be_v so_o trouble_v at_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o sight_n that_o they_o cast_v down_o their_o rider_n run_v upon_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o give_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o enemy_n 13._o when_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epyrus_n be_v to_o fight_v for_o they_o of_o tarentum_n against_o the_o roman_n he_o make_v use_v of_o his_o elephant_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o disorder_v the_o roman_a army_n 14._o and_o the_o carthaginian_n also_o have_v often_o practise_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o their_o fight_v against_o the_o roman_n 15._o the_o camp_n of_o the_o volsci_n be_v seat_v near_o bush_n and_o wood_n camillus_n cause_v all_o that_o will_v burn_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o their_o frenche_n and_o there_o to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o drive_v the_o enemy_n from_o thence_o 16._o m._n crassus_n in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o confederate_n be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n surprise_v with_o almost_o all_o his_o army_n 17._o the_o spaniard_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o hamilcar_n put_v before_o they_o in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n cart_n full_a of_o combustible_a matter_n and_o brimstone_n draw_v by_o ox_n and_o when_o the_o signal_n of_o the_o fight_n be_v give_v they_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n then_o drive_v the_o ox_n to_o the_o enemy_n they_o break_v through_o and_o discomfit_v they_o 18._o the_o falisci_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o faction_n of_o tarqvinius_n apparel_v many_o of_o their_o man_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o priest_n with_o torches_z and_o snake_n in_o their_o hand_n send_v they_o in_o a_o furious_a manner_n to_o disturb_v and_o disorder_v the_o roman_a army_n 19_o the_o vejente_n and_o fidenates_n with_o light_a torch_n practise_v the_o same_o policy_n 20._o when_o atheas_n king_n of_o the_o scythian_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o triballi_n than_o he_o have_v in_o his_o army_n he_o order_v the_o woman_n and_o boy_n and_o all_o such_o as_o be_v unfit_a to_o fight_v to_o drive_v upon_o the_o last_o battalion_n of_o the_o enemy_n all_o the_o ox_n and_o ass_n that_o he_o have_v and_o to_o carry_v up_o a_o end_n pike_n in_o their_o hand_n by_o which_o appearance_n he_o cause_v a_o rumour_n to_o be_v spread_v among_o the_o enemy_n that_o succour_n be_v come_v from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o scythia_n to_o his_o assistance_n which_o so_o discourage_v they_o that_o they_o be_v overthrow_v chap._n v._o of_o ambush_n example_n 1._o when_o romulus_n go_v against_o the_o town_n of_o fidenae_n he_o leave_v a_o part_n of_o his_o force_n in_o holes_n and_o cave_n and_o by_o a_o pretend_a flight_n cause_v the_o enemy_n to_o follow_v unadvised_o so_o far_o as_o his_o conceal_a soldier_n who_o immediate_o rise_v up_o assault_v the_o unwary_a and_o disperse_a enemy_n on_o all_o hand_n and_o cut_v they_o in_o piece_n 2._o q._n fabius_n maximus_n consul_n be_v send_v to_o aid_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o sutrium_n against_o the_o hetrusci_n oblige_v all_o the_o enemy_n troop_n to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o afterward_o in_o a_o seem_a fear_n retreat_v to_o a_o high_a ground_n and_o when_o the_o enemy_n pursue_v in_o a_o disorderly_a manner_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n he_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o not_o only_o rout_v they_o but_o take_v their_o camp_n 3._o t._n sempronius_n gracchus_n general_n against_o the_o celtiberi_n a_o people_n of_o spain_n pretend_v a_o fear_n and_o cause_v his_o army_n to_o keep_v within_o their_o fortification_n only_o he_o send_v out_o some_o of_o his_o company_n light_o arm_v to_o skirmish_v with_o the_o enemy_n but_o upon_o a_o sudden_a he_o cause_v they_o to_o retreat_v in_o again_o which_o cause_v the_o enemy_n to_o follow_v in_o pursuit_n then_o do_v he_o assault_v they_o in_o good_a order_n and_o make_v such_o a_o slaughter_n of_o they_o that_o he_o take_v their_o camp_n 4._o q._n metellus_n consul_n general_n in_o sicily_n against_o hasdrubal_n be_v more_o wary_a and_o careful_a because_o of_o the_o enemy_n vast_a number_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o elephant_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o army_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v therefore_o diffident_a of_o his_o own_o force_n and_o keep_v his_o army_n within_o the_o town_n of_o panormus_n have_v draw_v a_o ditch_n of_o a_o very_a great_a breadth_n before_o his_o army_n but_o after_o when_o he_o see_v in_o hasdrubal_n army_n that_o in_o the_o front_n the_o elephant_n do_v march_v he_o command_v the_o spear-man_n to_o assault_v they_o with_o their_o weapon_n and_o to_o retreat_v immediate_o back_o again_o within_o their_o fortification_n the_o ruler_n of_o the_o beast_n be_v move_v by_o this_o offer_n of_o a_o fight_n and_o disappoint_v drive_v the_o elephant_n into_o the_o very_a ditch_n in_o which_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o stop_v and_o entangle_v but_o they_o be_v either_o kill_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o dart_n cast_v at_o they_o or_o drive_v back_o upon_o their_o own_o army_n which_o they_o disorder_a then_o metellus_n wait_v for_o this_o opportunity_n sally_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n assaulted_z the_o carthaginian_n on_o all_o side_n rout_v they_o and_o take_v their_o elephant_n 5._o tamiris_n queen_n of_o scythia_n fight_v with_o cyrus_n king_n of_o persia_n upon_o a_o equal_a advantage_n by_o a_o pretend_a fear_n lead_v he_o into_o certain_a strait_n with_o which_o her_o soldier_n be_v well_o acquaint_v and_o then_o turn_v back_o on_o a_o sudden_a and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o place_n overcome_v he_o 6._o when_o the_o egyptian_n be_v to_o fight_v a_o battle_n in_o field_n in_o which_o two_o marsh_n meet_v they_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o sedge_n and_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v begin_v they_o pretend_v
level_a 183_o pace_n the_o sakeret_n or_o minion_n be_v about_o 8_o foot_n long_o the_o falcon_n weigh_v 1500_o pound_n shoot_v level_a 889_o pace_n the_o fawlconet_n weigh_v 850_o pound_n shoot_v level_a 107_o pace_n the_o rabinet_n weigh_v 425_o pound_n shoot_v level_a 82_o pace_n and_o at_o random_n 669_o pace_n the_o base_a weigh_v 300_o pound_n shoot_v level_a 63_o pace_n and_o at_o random_n 525_o pace_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o great_a ordinance_n be_v sometime_o of_o a_o less_o or_o great_a weight_n and_o according_a to_o the_o force_n of_o the_o metal_n they_o will_v bear_v a_o great_a or_o less_o charge_n and_o that_o they_o convey_v their_o bullet_n far_o or_o near_o according_a to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o powder_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bullet_n beside_o these_o former_a legitimate_a ordinance_n there_o be_v some_o name_v bastard_n piece_n as_o the_o serpentine_a or_o bastard_n culverin_n lee_n aspic_n or_o bastard_n demi_fw-fr culverin_n the_o pelican_n or_o bastard_n quarter_n culverin_n the_o bastard_n falcon_n the_o bastard_n rabinet_n the_o basilisk_n the_o aspic_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o any_o of_o these_o gun_n grow_v hot_a they_o can_v bear_v so_o great_a a_o charge_n as_o when_o cold_a they_o be_v to_o be_v cool_v with_o vinegar_n and_o water_n mix_v or_o with_o wine_n lees_n or_o urine_n and_o water_n of_o the_o petard_n the_o petard_n be_v a_o invention_n to_o blow_v open_a gate_n port_n or_o portcullis_n it_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o leathern_a bucket_n and_o be_v usual_o hang_v up_o by_o a_o ring_n to_o the_o gate_n and_o skrew_v to_o it_o with_o a_o fork_n it_o be_v fill_v with_o powder_n and_o when_o it_o break_v it_o tear_v all_o to_o piece_n that_o which_o be_v near_o it_o of_o the_o granado_n this_o be_v a_o most_o dreadful_a engine_n common_o use_v to_o break_v down_o wall_n house_n and_o to_o fire_n city_n it_o do_v execution_n where_o the_o canon_n can_v never_o reach_v it_o be_v common_o make_v of_o brass_n or_o pot_n metal_n and_o sometime_o of_o canvas_n to_o set_v fire_n upon_o house_n and_o to_n they_o of_o brass_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o strong_a powder_n with_o a_o snout_n at_o one_o end_n and_o a_o hole_n at_o the_o other_o where_o there_o must_v be_v a_o slow_a burn_a powder_n make_v of_o canon_n powder_n beat_v and_o moisten_v with_o the_o oil_n of_o peter_n mingle_v with_o charcoal_n they_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o air_n out_o of_o a_o morter-piece_n into_o the_o enemy_n city_n or_o castle_n and_o they_o be_v sometime_o of_o that_o weight_n that_o they_o will_v brake_n through_o the_o til_n and_o head_n of_o house_n and_o when_o they_o break_v cast_v down_o the_o wall_n on_o both_o side_n and_o set_v all_o a_o fire_n that_o be_v combustible_a these_o i_o sometime_o name_v bomb_n the_o hand_n granado_n be_v round_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ordinary_a great_a bullet_n hollow_a and_o full_a of_o powder_n use_v to_o be_v cast_v among_o the_o enemy_n horse_n or_o into_o trench_n fort_n or_o ship_n to_o destroy_v they_o of_o fire-ball_n fire-ball_n be_v very_o useful_a in_o the_o siege_n or_o take_v of_o to_n they_o must_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o morterpiece_n or_o canon_n they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n take_v goose-grease_n or_o swine_n grease_n one_o part_n of_o tar_n half_o a_o quarter_n as_o much_o of_o pitch_n two_o part_n of_o strong_a brandy_n half_o a_o quarter_n of_o linseed_n oil_n one_o part_n of_o verdigrease_n a_o quarter_n part_n of_o wax_n half_o a_o quarter_n of_o groom_n a_o quarter_n part_n of_o salt-peter_n and_o meal_n one_o part_n all_o this_o must_v be_v stir_v together_o over_o a_o slow_a fire_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v well_o mix_v then_o cast_v in_o some_o tow_n and_o linen_n rag_n which_o must_v be_v roll_v in_o small_a beat_a powder_n and_o then_o round_o about_o four_o five_o or_o six_o long_a and_o sharp_a iron_n join_v together_o in_o the_o middle_n when_o the_o ball_n be_v as_o big_a as_o you_o design_v it_o you_o must_v bind_v it_o fast_o with_o wire_n or_o packthread_n and_o bear_v two_o or_o four_o or_o more_o hole_n through_o and_o through_o which_o must_v be_v fill_v with_o good_a bruise_a powder_n that_o may_v easy_o take_v fire_n some_o fire-ball_n be_v make_v round_o without_o any_o such_o sharp_a iron_n stick_v but_o if_o plank_n or_o board_n be_v to_o be_v fire_v those_o with_o iron_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a for_o execution_n for_o where_o they_o fall_v they_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v remove_v till_o the_o place_n be_v consume_v where_o they_o unhappy_o light_v of_o stinkpot_n at_o the_o board_v of_o ship_n the_o enemy_n throw_v not_o only_a hand-granado_n and_o fire-ball_n but_o there_o be_v a_o new_a invention_n certain_a pot_n fill_v with_o most_o odious_a and_o noisome_a stuff_n together_o with_o wildfire_n and_o other_o ingredient_n which_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o porthole_n of_o ship_n or_o into_o the_o steerage_n or_o forecastle_n which_o when_o they_o break_v grievous_o wound_v the_o defendant_n and_o fill_v the_o room_n with_o such_o strange_a fume_n that_o scarce_o any_o person_n can_v suffer_v they_o there_o be_v other_o earthen_a or_o glass_a bottle_n fill_v with_o a_o composition_n make_v of_o serpentine_a powder_n hog_n grease_n brimstone_n salt-peter_n brandy_n pitch_n and_o fine_a powder_n when_o these_o bottle_n be_v cast_v among_o the_o enemy_n foot_n or_o horse_n in_o street_n or_o lane_n they_o will_v infallible_o disorder_v and_o break_v their_o rank_n of_o a_o frame_n of_o musket_n this_o invention_n be_v very_o good_a to_o defend_v a_o breach_n or_o to_o flank_v a_o body_n of_o pike_n the_o frame_n be_v make_v of_o plank_n with_o three_o or_o four_o story_n high_a have_v so_o many_o tire_n of_o musket_n and_o a_o small_a spout_n of_o brass_n to_o go_v from_o one_o touchhole_n to_o another_o so_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o train_n be_v fire_v the_o whole_a tyre_n must_v needs_o go_v off_o when_o man_n grow_v scarce_o in_o a_o siege_n through_o sickness_n or_o otherwise_o this_o invention_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o it_o may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o two_o or_o three_o man_n may_v manage_v forty_o or_o fifty_o musket_n at_o a_o bridge_n or_o a_o breach_n and_o with_o great_a safety_n to_o their_o own_o person_n that_o may_v be_v cover_v behind_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o the_o invade_a enemy_n small_a shot_n of_o the_o warlike_a flail_n it_o be_v make_v as_o our_o thresh_a instrument_n but_o a_o little_o big_a and_o with_o iron_n point_v at_o the_o great_a end_n which_o when_o a_o enemy_n scale_n the_o wall_n or_o enter_v a_o breach_n must_v needs_o be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o defend_v and_o beat_v he_o back_o of_o several_a invention_n to_o ruin_n and_o trouble_v the_o horse_n the_o turn-pike_n be_v use_v in_o narrow_a passage_n and_o be_v make_v of_o a_o round_a piece_n of_o timber_n about_o 8_o or_o 10_o foot_n long_o sometime_o more_o full_a of_o sharp_a iron_n to_o stop_v the_o horse_n the_o calthrop_n be_v a_o round_a piece_n of_o wood_n full_a of_o sharp_a iron_n use_v also_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o crawfeet_n be_v a_o swedish_n invention_n make_v of_o four_o iron_n very_o sharp_a join_v in_o the_o middle_n so_o that_o which_o way_n soever_o it_o be_v cast_v there_o be_v one_o about_o three_o inch_n long_o or_o more_o that_o stand_v upright_o to_o run_v into_o the_o foot_n of_o horse_n or_o man_n that_o shall_v offer_v to_o pass_v that_o way_n of_o a_o engine_n name_v the_o soulciss_fw-la it_o be_v a_o tun_n full_a of_o horse-dung_n and_o sand_n but_o so_o great_a that_o a_o horseman_n may_v ride_v behind_o undiscovered_a it_o be_v bind_v with_o iron_n hoop_n and_o common_o use_v to_o shelter_v such_o as_o be_v to_o relieve_v dangerous_a guard_n or_o to_o go_v within_o reach_n of_o the_o enemy_n canon_n or_o musket_n and_o therefore_o be_v roll_v between_o they_o and_o the_o enemy_n with_o many_o hand_n many_o other_o invention_n there_o be_v use_v by_o the_o subtle_a wit_n of_o this_o age_n in_o war_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o city_n in_o the_o overthrow_v of_o wall_n in_o the_o relieve_n of_o town_n in_o the_o prevent_n of_o supply_n in_o march_v speedy_o over_o great_a river_n in_o the_o defend_n of_o harbour_n and_o other_o passage_n relate_v to_o the_o management_n of_o war_n but_o they_o be_v reserve_v for_o their_o knowledge_n who_o be_v to_o be_v engineer_n in_o a_o army_n or_o besiege_a town_n finis_fw-la
unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n and_o overcome_v they_o 18._o lysander_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n against_o the_o athenian_n at_o the_o town_n of_o aegospotamos_n resolve_v at_o certain_a time_n to_o break_v in_o upon_o the_o athenian_a navy_n and_o to_o retreat_v back_o again_o with_o his_o ship_n which_o have_v perform_v often_o when_o the_o athenian_n after_o his_o departure_n be_v scatter_v to_o gather_v their_o force_n together_o he_o according_a to_o his_o former_a custom_n stretch_v out_o his_o navy_n in_o length_n and_o again_o command_v they_o together_o and_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n according_a to_o custom_n be_v depart_v he_o assault_v the_o rest_n destroy_v they_o and_o take_v the_o whole_a fleet._n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o a_o fight_n example_n 1._o when_o m._n curius_n see_v that_o he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n resist_v the_o phalanx_n or_o the_o body_n of_o ten_o thousand_o pike_n of_o king_n pyrrhus_n when_o they_o be_v join_v together_o in_o a_o open_a field_n order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v in_o a_o straight_a and_o narrow_a place_n where_o be_v close_o together_o they_o may_v be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o one_o another_o 2._o cn._n pompeius_n in_o cappadocia_n choose_v a_o place_n for_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o high_a ground_n that_o the_o proclivity_n of_o the_o hill_n may_v assist_v the_o charge_v of_o his_o soldier_n so_o that_o by_o their_o run_v down_o he_o easy_o overcome_v mithridates_n and_o his_o army_n 3._o when_o c._n caesar_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o pharnaces_n the_o son_n of_o mithridates_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o man_n in_o battle_n on_o a_o hill_n which_o much_o facilitated_a the_o gain_v of_o the_o victory_n for_o the_o roman_a soldier_n cast_v their_o dart_n from_o the_o high_a ground_n upon_o the_o enemy_n quick_o cause_v they_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n 4._o when_o lucullus_n be_v to_o encounter_v with_o mithridates_n and_o tigranes_n in_o the_o great_a armenia_n near_o tigranacerta_n he_o get_v possession_n in_o haste_n of_o a_o plain_a ground_n which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n with_o part_n of_o his_o troop_n and_o then_o assault_v the_o enemy_n which_o be_v under_o charge_v their_o horse_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o have_v drive_v part_n of_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o when_o they_o run_v in_o and_o disorder_a their_o foot_n he_o obtain_v a_o most_o famous_a victory_n 5._o ventidius_z general_n against_o the_o parthian_a army_n will_v not_o lead_v out_o his_o soldier_n to_o the_o fight_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o fifty_o pace_n and_o then_o by_o run_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o close_v in_o with_o they_o so_o near_o that_o he_o frustrate_v their_o arrow_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o at_o a_o distance_n by_o this_o proceed_n he_o show_v such_o a_o appearance_n of_o confidence_n and_o courage_n that_o he_o quick_o overcome_v those_o barbarous_a people_n 6._o when_o hannibal_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o marcellus_n at_o numistro_n he_o place_v his_o army_n among_o the_o pit_n and_o break_a way_n on_o one_o hand_n and_o make_v use_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n as_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o defence_n thus_o he_o get_v the_o victory_n and_o overcome_v a_o most_o famous_a captain_n 7._o when_o the_o same_o hannibal_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n understand_v that_o the_o river_n volturnus_n beyond_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o river_n yield_v strong_a wind_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o raise_v up_o great_a cloud_n of_o sand_n and_o dust_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n beat_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o his_o man_n and_o into_o the_o face_n and_o eve_n of_o the_o roman_n by_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o wonderful_o incommode_v the_o roman_a army_n he_o get_v that_o remarkable_a victory_n 8._o marius_n have_v appoint_v a_o day_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutones_n place_v before_o his_o camp_n his_o soldier_n strengthen_v with_o food_n that_o by_o the_o little_a distance_n that_o be_v between_o they_o and_o their_o enemy_n their_o army_n may_v be_v first_o overcome_v by_o their_o labour_n in_o gain_v it_o and_o beside_o their_o weariness_n in_o run_v this_o space_n he_o give_v they_o another_o trouble_v he_o draw_v up_o his_o man_n so_o that_o the_o army_n of_o those_o barbarous_a people_n have_v the_o sun_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o dust_n in_o their_o face_n 9_o cleomenes_z the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n against_o hippias_n the_o athenian_a who_o be_v the_o strong_a in_o horse_n cause_v tree_n to_o be_v lay_v along_o the_o plane_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o render_v it_o unpassable_a to_o the_o horse_n 10._o the_o iberi_n be_v receive_v by_o a_o vast_a multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o fear_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v surround_v march_v to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o river_n which_o in_o that_o country_n have_v high_a bank_n thus_o be_v defend_v behind_o by_o the_o river_n and_o excel_v the_o enemy_n in_o valour_n they_o assault_v the_o first_o rank_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o their_o enemy_n 11._o xanthippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n only_o by_o the_o change_n of_o a_o place_n for_o when_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v almost_o reduce_v to_o despair_v they_o hire_v he_o to_o be_v their_o general_n when_o he_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o african_n who_o excel_v and_o exceed_v the_o roman_n in_o horse_n and_o elephant_n draw_v up_o on_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o the_o roman_n who_o strength_n consist_v in_o their_o foot_n hold_v the_o valley_n he_o lead_v the_o carthaginian_n down_n to_o they_o with_o his_o elephant_n he_o disorder_v their_o rank_n and_o with_o the_o numidian_a horse_n he_o pursue_v the_o disperse_a soldier_n and_o rout_v their_o army_n win_v the_o same_o day_n a_o victory_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n 12._o when_o epaminondas_n the_o theban_a general_n be_v lead_v his_o army_n against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n he_o cause_v a_o party_n of_o horse_n to_o ride_v up_o and_o down_o before_o that_o they_o may_v raise_v a_o great_a dust_n before_o the_o enemy_n eye_n when_o they_o expect_v the_o horse_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o he_o lead_v about_o his_o foot_n soldier_n from_o that_o side_n where_o the_o horse_n be_v ride_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o fall_v upon_o they_o sudden_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o overcome_v they_o 13._o three_o hundred_o lacedaemonian_n hold_v and_o defend_v the_o strait_n call_v thermopylae_n against_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o persian_n because_o those_o strait_n will_v not_o suffer_v a_o great_a number_n to_o fight_v at_o once_o near_o at_o hand_n by_o this_o mean_n they_o be_v equal_a in_o number_n to_o those_o barbarous_a people_n but_o excel_v they_o in_o valour_n and_o courage_n cut_v in_o piece_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o neither_o can_v they_o have_v be_v overcome_v if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o a_o traitor_n name_v epialtes_n of_o trachinia_n who_o lead_v the_o persian_n round_o about_o upon_o their_o back_n and_o overpower_v they_o 14._o themistocles_n the_o athenian_a general_n when_o he_o see_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o much_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o greece_n to_o fight_v with_o xerxes_n his_o numerous_a navy_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o salamini_fw-la and_o can_v not_o persuade_v his_o citizen_n by_o craft_n he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o grecian_n be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o this_o advantage_n for_o pretend_v himself_o a_o traitor_n he_o send_v to_o xerxes_n to_o signify_v to_o he_o that_o his_o countryman_n be_v ready_a to_o fly_v away_o and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v far_o more_o difficult_a for_o he_o to_o assault_v every_o city_n by_o a_o siege_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o persian_a navy_n be_v first_o disquiet_v while_o they_o be_v watch_v all_o night_n afterward_o in_o the_o morning_n he_o with_o his_o fresh_a man_n encounter_v with_o the_o say_a persian_n tire_v with_o want_n of_o rest_n in_o a_o straight_a place_n as_o he_o desire_v in_o which_o xerxes_n can_v not_o make_v use_n of_o his_o number_n in_o which_o he_o do_v exceed_v chap._n iii_o of_o order_v and_o draw_v up_o a_o army_n in_o battle_n etc._n etc._n example_n 1._o cn_fw-la scipio_n general_n in_o spain_n against_o hanno_n at_o the_o town_n of_o indibile_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o the_o carthaginian_a army_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o spaniard_n be_v to_o fight_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n who_o be_v indeed_o the_o stout_a soldier_n but_o mercenary_a and_o war_v not_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o other_o and_o that_o in_o the_o left_a wing_n be_v the_o african_n a_o weak_a sort_n of_o man_n but_o more_o
the_o gaul_n the_o ligurian_o the_o baleares_n and_o the_o moor_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o fly_v away_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v next_o behind_o that_o they_o may_v in_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o enemy_n disturb_v or_o weary_v they_o after_o they_o he_o place_v his_o own_o man_n and_o the_o macedonian_n who_o may_v receive_v the_o tire_a roman_n afresh_o and_o in_o the_o rear_n he_o put_v the_o italian_n who_o constancy_n and_o courage_n he_o suspect_v because_o he_o have_v draw_v many_o of_o they_o out_o of_o italy_n against_o their_o wi_n scipio_n against_o this_o order_n draw_v up_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o legion_n in_o three_o battalion_n in_o the_o front_n divide_v they_o into_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n that_o be_v first_o spear-man_n next_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o gentile_a and_o noble_a descent_n last_o another_o sort_n of_o soldier_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n who_o do_v common_o march_v and_o fight_v in_o the_o rear_n neither_o be_v the_o company_n close_o together_o but_o he_o leave_v a_o space_n between_o every_o one_o that_o the_o elephant_n that_o be_v drive_v against_o they_o by_o the_o enemy_n may_v pass_v by_o without_o disorder_v the_o rank_n and_o those_o interval_n he_o fill_v up_o with_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v light_o arm_v and_o nimble_a in_o onset_n and_o retreat_n this_o he_o do_v that_o his_o army_n may_v not_o appear_v divide_v into_o several_a body_n he_o command_v these_o nimble_a soldier_n that_o at_o the_o first_o approach_n of_o the_o elephant_n they_o shall_v retreat_v and_o march_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o battalion_n he_o place_v next_o his_o horse_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o two_o wing_n the_o right_a be_v roman_a horseman_n he_o assign_v to_o lelius_n over_o the_o left_a compose_v of_o numidian_n he_o appoint_v king_n massanissa_n which_o prudent_a order_n be_v no_o doubt_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o victory_n it_o will_v not_o be_v unpleasing_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o give_v here_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o scipio_n army_n which_o procure_v he_o one_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a victory_n of_o antiquity_n together_o with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o triumph_n and_o to_o the_o roman_n the_o dominion_n over_o their_o false_a carthaginian_a neighbour_n t._n livius_n describe_v this_o battle_n l._n 30._o c._n 33._o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o frontinus_n the_o strength_n and_o good_a success_n depend_v upon_o the_o good_a order_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o rank_n of_o their_o army_n which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o several_a distinct_a legion_n the_o legion_n in_o scipio_n time_n have_v in_o it_o 4200_o soldier_n 1200_o hastati_fw-la or_o spear-man_n 1200_o principes_fw-la 600_o triarii_n 1200_o velite_n or_o light_o arm_v the_o legion_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o cohort_n or_o distinct_a company_n in_o which_o be_v 120_o hastati_fw-la 120_o principes_fw-la 60_o triarii_n and_o 120_o velite_n scipio_n cohors_fw-la belong_v to_o every_o legion_n be_v thus_o represent_v the_o hastati_fw-la 120_o 40_o the_o velite_n the_o principes_fw-la 120_o 40_o the_o triarii_n 60_o 40_o in_o every_o cohors_fw-la or_o company_n be_v three_o manipuli_fw-la or_o small_a band_n each_o under_o one_o captain_n or_o centurion_n i_o find_v some_o difference_n in_o the_o roman_a author_n in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o legion_n and_o in_o their_o order_n of_o a_o army_n romulus_n their_o first_o founder_n as_o he_o be_v but_o a_o little_a prince_n his_o army_n be_v but_o small_a and_o his_o legion_n less_o with_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o empire_n their_o legion_n and_o cohort_n do_v increase_v in_o number_n the_o legion_n as_o in_o caesar_n time_n have_v 6000_o man_n in_o it_o and_o so_o proportionable_o their_o cohort_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o former_o but_o that_o which_o give_v they_o a_o great_a advantage_n over_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v their_o skill_n in_o draw_v up_o of_o their_o army_n according_a to_o the_o place_n and_o enemy_n with_o who_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v scipio_n in_o this_o battle_n appoint_v the_o strength_n of_o his_o legion_n to_o be_v in_o the_o front_n whereas_o other_o general_n use_n to_o place_v their_o chief_a man_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o to_o keep_v they_o for_o the_o reserve_v take_v here_o a_o scheme_n of_o each_o legion_n of_o scipio_n army_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o frontinus_n and_o livy_n the_o legion_n of_o 4200_o soldier_n divide_v into_o thirty_o band_n or_o company_n under_o their_o distinct_a leader_n or_o captain_n with_o that_o order_n and_o space_n between_o each_o company_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o scipio_n when_o he_o overcome_v hannibal_n in_o africa_n 1._o the_o battalion_n of_o spear-man_n or_o hastati_fw-la 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 2._o the_o principes_fw-la 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 120_o 3._o the_o triarii_n 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o 60_o  _fw-fr the_o interval_n or_o space_n between_o be_v fill_v up_o and_o make_v good_a with_o velite_n or_o soldier_n light_o arm_v they_o have_v that_o excellent_a way_n that_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v never_o so_o unfit_a for_o a_o pitch_a battle_n they_o will_v bring_v they_o up_o in_o that_o order_n that_o one_o company_n be_v to_o second_v another_o and_o relieve_v such_o as_o be_v weary_a or_o overpower_a who_o can_v easy_o retreat_v without_o damage_n and_o fall_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o though_o the_o difference_n of_o arm_n now_o cause_v we_o to_o differ_v much_o from_o their_o way_n yet_o the_o wise_a general_n as_o spinola_n prince_n maurice_n and_o other_o have_v profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o some_o of_o their_o skill_n and_o cunning_n in_o order_v a_o army_n 17._o archelaus_n fight_v against_o sylla_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n appoint_v cart_n arm_v with_o sythes_n to_o break_v and_o disorder_v the_o roman_a rank_n in_o the_o second_o he_o place_v his_o macedonian_a phalanx_n or_o 10000_o pikeman_n in_o the_o three_o battalion_n be_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a method_n the_o auxiliary_a troop_n mingle_v with_o the_o fugitive_n come_v out_o of_o italy_n in_o who_o courage_n and_o resolution_n he_o have_v a_o great_a confidence_n in_o the_o rear_n he_o draw_v up_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n light_o arm_v and_o in_o the_o wing_n he_o place_v his_o horseman_n of_o who_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n and_o order_v they_o to_o enclose_v in_o the_o enemy_n but_o sylla_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n cause_v a_o large_a ditch_n to_o be_v dig_v on_o each_o hand_n of_o his_o army_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ditch_n he_o raise_v a_o bulwark_n to_o defend_v it_o to_o this_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v shut_v in_o with_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o chief_o of_o the_o enemy_n horse_n who_o be_v strong_a than_o he_o next_o he_o divide_v his_o foot_n into_o three_o body_n leave_v space_n between_o for_o the_o soldier_n light_o arm_v and_o for_o his_o horse_n he_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o rear_n that_o when_o time_n shall_v serve_v he_o may_v send_v they_o out_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n and_o command_v the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o second_o battle_n to_o fix_v fast_o in_o the_o ground_n many_o sharp_a stake_n thick_a together_o so_o that_o when_o the_o cart_n arm_v with_o sythes_n draw_v near_o he_o cause_v the_o foremost_a of_o the_o roman_n to_o retreat_v within_o the_o stake_n before_o their_o cohors_fw-la command_v at_o that_o instant_n the_o whole_a army_n to_o give_v a_o shout_n and_o the_o forlorn_a hope_n to_o cast_v their_o dart_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o enemy_n cart_n be_v either_o stop_v with_o the_o stake_n or_o terrify_v with_o the_o extraordinary_a shout_n and_o sudden_a assault_n so_o that_o they_o turn_v back_o upon_o their_o own_o man_n and_o disorder_v the_o macedonian_a array_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o give_v ground_n whereas_o sylla_n maintain_v his_o archelaus_n at_o that_o moment_n charge_v with_o his_o horse_n but_o when_o the_o roman_a horseman_n encounter_v with_o they_o they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o complete_v the_o victory_n 18._o c._n caesar_n prevent_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o stake_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o cart_n of_o the_o gaul_n which_o be_v arm_v with_o sythes_n 19_o alexander_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o arbella_n fear_v the_o number_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o know_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o own_o man_n draw_v up_o his_o army_n so_o as_o to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n on_o every_o side_n that_o in_o case_n he_o be_v encompass_v in_o they_o may_v fight_v every_o way_n 20._o when_o aemilius_n paulus_n march_v against_o perses_n king_n of_o macedonia_n he_o see_v that_o he_o have_v place_v a_o
double_a phalanx_n or_o body_n of_o pikeman_n to_o charge_n in_o the_o middle_n surround_v with_o soldier_n light_o arm_v and_o on_o both_o wing_n the_o macedonian_a horse_n against_o this_o order_n the_o roman_a general_n divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o great_a body_n with_o some_o small_a company_n draw_v up_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n between_o they_o he_o place_v his_o soldier_n light_o arm_v when_o he_o perceive_v that_o this_o do_v not_o profit_v he_o he_o resolve_v to_o give_v ground_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o may_v draw_v the_o enemy_n into_o stony_a and_o break_a place_n which_o he_o have_v choose_v on_o purpose_n but_o the_o macedonian_n mistrust_v the_o retreat_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o be_v out_o of_o design_n march_v forward_o with_o their_o body_n of_o pike_n in_o good_a order_n then_o he_o command_v his_o horse_n to_o ride_v undiscovered_a out_o of_o sight_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o they_o and_o to_o assault_v they_o with_o full_a speed_n that_o he_o may_v by_o the_o furiousness_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o army_n break_v and_o turn_v back_o the_o enemy_n pike_n which_o according_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o these_o weapon_n be_v render_v useless_a to_o the_o macedonian_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o fly_v 21._o when_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n assist_v those_o of_o tarentum_n near_o asculum_n according_a to_o the_o say_v of_o homer_n which_o teach_v to_o place_v the_o most_o soldier_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o battle_n he_o appoint_v the_o samnite_n and_o his_o own_o countryman_n to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n in_o the_o leave_v the_o brutii_n and_o lucani_n together_o with_o the_o salentini_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n he_o draw_v up_o the_o tarentini_n and_o order_v his_o horse_n and_o elephant_n to_o stand_v as_o a_o reserve_n but_o the_o roman_a consul_n in_o opposition_n to_o he_o place_v their_o horse_n excellent_o well_o in_o the_o wing_n the_o legion_n in_o the_o van_n and_o rear_n and_o among_o they_o they_o mix_v their_o auxiliary_a troop_n in_o each_o army_n it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v forty_o thousand_o man_n pyrrhus_n lose_v half_a his_o army_n and_o the_o roman_n about_o five_o thousand_o 22._o when_o cn._n pompeius_n encounter_v with_o c._n caesar_n in_o the_o field_n of_o pharsalia_n he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o body_n and_o every_o body_n have_v ten_o rank_n in_o latitude_n the_o strong_a legion_n according_a to_o their_o valour_n he_o place_v in_o the_o wing_n and_o between_o they_o in_o the_o open_a space_n he_o fill_v up_o with_o the_o new_a raise_v troop_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o order_v only_o six_o hundred_o horse_n because_o of_o the_o river_n enipeus_n that_o overflow_a its_o bank_n have_v make_v holes_n and_o trench_n on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o country_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o horse_n he_o draw_v up_o in_o the_o left_a wing_n with_o all_o his_o auxiliary_n that_o he_o may_v encompass_v in_o on_o that_o side_n caesar_n army_n against_o this_o array_n julius_n caesar_n appear_v with_o three_o body_n of_o a_o army_n have_v put_v his_o legion_n in_o the_o front_n and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v enclose_v in_o he_o have_v on_o his_o left_a side_n a_o marsh_n ground_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o place_v his_o horse_n mingle_v with_o the_o nimble_a of_o his_o footman_n who_o be_v use_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o horse_n behind_o they_o he_o draw_v up_o some_o company_n of_o foot_n to_o second_v they_o and_o to_o be_v employ_v on_o sudden_a occasion_n but_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o cause_v to_o turn_v wind_v that_o he_o may_v better_o receive_v the_o onset_n of_o pompey_n horse_n which_o order_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o get_v the_o victory_n for_o when_o pompey_n horse_n be_v break_v in_o upon_o they_o they_o sally_v out_o unexpected_o turn_v they_o aside_o and_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o fury_n of_o caesar_n foot_n 23._o the_o emperor_n caesar_n germanicus_n when_o the_o catti_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n flee_v into_o their_o forest_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_n only_o with_o their_o horse_n command_v his_o horseman_n assoon_o as_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o baggage_n to_o leap_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o to_o fight_v on_o foot_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o every_o place_n he_o obtain_v the_o victory_n not_o without_o wonder_n 24._o c._n duillius_fw-la see_v that_o the_o heaviness_n of_o his_o ship_n suffer_v the_o carthaginian_a navy_n easy_o to_o avoid_v and_o pass_v by_o they_o because_o of_o their_o nimbleness_n and_o lightness_n and_o that_o the_o courage_n and_o valour_n of_o his_o man_n profit_v he_o nothing_o invent_v the_o iron_n grapple_v which_o assoon_o as_o it_o have_v take_v hold_n of_o a_o enemy_n ship_n there_o be_v a_o bridge_n cast_v over_o and_o the_o roman_a soldier_n encounter_v with_o they_o in_o their_o own_o vessel_n and_o cut_v they_o in_o piece_n chap._n iu._n of_o disorder_v a_o enemy_n army_n example_n 1._o when_o papyrius_n surname_v cursor_n the_o consul_n son_n see_v that_o he_o encounter_v with_o the_o obstinate_a samnite_n with_o equal_a advantage_n he_o command_v spurius_n naucius_fw-la private_o and_o unknown_a to_o his_o own_o man_n to_o take_v with_o he_o a_o few_o servant_n and_o mule-driver_n ride_v on_o their_o mule_n with_o branch_n of_o tree_n draw_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o to_o run_v down_o a_o hill_n which_o be_v over_o against_o they_o with_o great_a noise_n which_o assoon_o as_o he_o perceive_v he_o cry_v out_o to_o his_o man_n that_o his_o victorious_a partner_n be_v come_v to_o his_o assistance_n and_o that_o now_o they_o shall_v prevent_v he_o and_o get_v to_o themselves_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o roman_n be_v fill_v with_o confidence_n and_o resolution_n and_o furious_o assault_v the_o enemy_n and_o put_v they_o all_o to_o flight_n 2._o f._n rutilius_n surname_v maximus_n be_v the_o four_o time_n consul_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o samnite_n have_v try_v all_o mean_n to_o break_v through_o the_o enemy_n battle_n at_o last_o he_o draw_v off_o all_o his_o pikeman_n from_o the_o rank_n and_o send_v they_o about_o with_o his_o lieutenant_n general_n scipio_n command_v he_o to_o take_v a_o hill_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v break_v in_o upon_o the_o back_n of_o their_o enemy_n which_o be_v do_v according_o the_o roman_n take_v courage_n and_o the_o samnite_n be_v fright_v and_o seek_v to_o fly_v they_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n 3._o when_o minutius_n rufus_n be_v general_n against_o the_o scordisci_n and_o the_o daci_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v overcharge_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o man_n that_o exceed_v he_o send_v his_o brother_n with_o a_o few_o horseman_n together_o with_o all_o his_o trumpeter_n and_o command_v they_o that_o assoon_o as_o the_o battle_n be_v begin_v they_o shall_v sudden_o show_v themselves_o in_o divers_a place_n with_o their_o trumpet_n sound_v in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o may_v return_v and_o increase_v the_o echo_n this_o appearance_n of_o a_o vast_a multitude_n put_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o enemy_n that_o they_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o flee_v 4._o attilius_n glabrio_n consul_n march_v against_o the_o army_n of_o antiochus_n which_o be_v come_v into_o achaia_n through_o the_o strait_n of_o thermopylae_n have_v be_v stop_v by_o the_o enemy_n with_o considerable_a loss_n because_o of_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n have_v he_o not_o send_v round_o about_o m._n porcius_n cato_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v make_v a_o colonel_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v in_o the_o army_n he_o send_v he_o with_o a_o party_n to_o assault_v the_o aetolian_n who_o hold_v the_o top_n of_o mount_n callidromus_n with_o a_o guard_n so_o that_o on_o a_o sudden_a he_o appear_v behind_o the_o king_n camp_n upon_o a_o high_a hill_n which_o so_o terrify_v the_o army_n of_o antiochus_n that_o they_o suffer_v the_o roman_n to_o break_v in_o upon_o they_o on_o all_o side_n they_o flee_v and_o leave_v their_o camp_n to_o their_o enemy_n pleasure_n 5._o c._n sulpitius_n petreius_n the_o consul_n war_a against_o the_o gaul_n command_v his_o mule-keeper_n to_o go_v private_o into_o the_o next_o mountain_n and_o from_o thence_o assoon_o as_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v to_o show_v themselves_o to_o the_o army_n ride_v as_o so_o many_o horseman_n this_o sight_n make_v the_o enemy_n believe_v that_o some_o assistance_n be_v come_v to_o the_o roman_a army_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o yield_v the_o victory_n when_o they_o have_v almost_o obtain_v it_o 6._o when_o marius_n be_v to_o give_v battle_n the_o next_o day_n to_o the_o
the_o camp_n of_o fulvius_n the_o roman_a general_n be_v negligent_o and_o ill_o provide_v and_o that_o he_o be_v apt_a to_o attempt_v many_o thing_n without_o discretion_n by_o break_n of_o day_n when_o the_o thick_a mist_n cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v dark_a he_o show_v a_o few_o soldier_n to_o the_o roman_a sentinel_n against_o who_o fulvius_n immediate_o march_v with_o his_o army_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n hannibal_n assault_v and_o take_v the_o camp_n of_o fulvius_n on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o that_o mean_n fall_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o cut_v off_o eight_o thousand_o of_o their_o stout_a soldier_n with_o their_o general_n 22._o the_o same_o hannibal_n when_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o dictator_n fabius_n and_o minutius_n the_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o that_o fabius_n wait_v for_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n but_o minutius_n desire_v earnest_o to_o fight_v he_o he_o place_v his_o camp_n in_o a_o plain_n that_o be_v between_o the_o two_o army_n and_o hide_v a_o party_n of_o foot_n among_o craggy_a rock_n whilst_o he_o send_v out_o some_o troop_n to_o invite_v forth_o the_o enemy_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o high_a ground_n near_o adjoin_v when_o minutius_n lead_v forth_o his_o army_n to_o cut_v they_o off_o the_o ambush_n which_o hannibal_n have_v place_v rise_v up_o on_o a_o sudden_a and_o have_v defeat_v and_o destroy_v minutius_n army_n if_o fabius_n have_v not_o succour_v they_o in_o their_o need_n 23._o the_o same_o hannibal_n when_o at_o the_o river_n trebeia_n he_o have_v in_o fight_v the_o camp_n of_o the_o consul_n sempronius_n longus_n a_o river_n run_v between_o they_o place_v in_o ambush_n in_o the_o cold_a time_n of_o winter_n mago_n with_o a_o select_a company_n whilst_o he_o have_v order_v the_o numidian_a cavalry_n to_o ride_v about_o the_o roman_a camp_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o credulity_n of_o sempronius_n command_v they_o at_o the_o first_o assault_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o retreat_v back_o through_o the_o know_a ford_n to_o his_o army_n when_o the_o consul_n have_v unadvised_o assault_v and_o follow_v they_o with_o his_o fast_n army_n through_o the_o river_n in_o a_o most_o bitter_a cold_a season_n which_o make_v the_o roman_a soldier_n shake_v then_o do_v hannibal_n encounter_v they_o with_o his_o man_n who_o he_o have_v prepare_v with_o fire_n oil_n and_o food_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v benumb_v with_o cold_a and_o in_o want_n of_o necessary_n and_o mago_n fail_v not_o to_o play_v his_o part_n for_o he_o fall_v upon_o they_o behind_o in_o good_a order_n 24._o the_o same_o hannibal_n at_o the_o lake_n thrasymenus_n find_v a_o narrow_a way_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n and_o into_o open_a field_n pretend_v to_o fly_v and_o through_o the_o strait_n he_o escape_v into_o the_o level_a ground_n where_o he_o encamp_v but_o in_o the_o night_n he_o appoint_v some_o soldier_n and_o place_v they_o about_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v over_o he_o and_o in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n the_o next_o morning_n by_o break_n of_o day_n be_v favour_v by_o a_o mist_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n flaminius_n follow_v he_o as_o if_o he_o have_v flee_v but_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o strait_n he_o foresee_v not_o the_o ambush_n till_o he_o find_v himself_o encompass_v in_o before_o behind_z and_o on_o all_o side_n and_o till_o his_o army_n be_v total_o destroy_v 25._o the_o same_o hannibal_n fight_v against_o junius_n the_o dictator_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o night_n command_v six_o hundred_o horseman_n divide_v into_o several_a troop_n in_o their_o turn_n without_o cease_v to_o show_v themselves_o about_o the_o roman_a camp_n by_o that_o mean_n when_o the_o roman_n be_v tire_v by_o watch_v all_o night_n and_o stand_v upon_o the_o rampire_n in_o the_o rain_n which_o then_o happen_v to_o fall_v continual_o and_o when_o junius_n begin_v to_o sound_v a_o retreat_n than_o do_v hannibal_n lead_v on_o his_o soldier_n well_o refresh_v and_o assault_v the_o roman_a camp_n 26._o epaminondas_n the_o theban_a general_n when_o the_o lacedaemonian_n defend_v at_o athmos_n the_o peloponnesus_n with_o a_o fortification_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o disturb_v the_o enemy_n all_o night_n by_o a_o few_o light_a arm_a soldier_n and_o afterward_o by_o break_n of_o day_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o man_n when_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v retreat_v and_o sudden_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n which_o he_o keep_v quiet_a he_o break_v through_o their_o fortification_n naked_a of_o defendant_n 27._o hannibal_n have_v draw_v up_o his_o army_n at_o the_o town_n of_o cannae_n command_v six_o hundred_o numidian_a horseman_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o for_o a_o great_a assurance_n to_o they_o deliver_v to_o they_o their_o sword_n and_o buckler_n fall_v back_o into_o the_o last_o rank_n but_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v first_o begin_v they_o draw_v their_o short_a sword_n which_o they_o have_v conceal_v for_o the_o purpose_n and_o take_v up_o the_o buckler_n of_o the_o slay_v they_o fall_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o destroy_v they_o 28._o japyges_n a_o people_n of_o calabria_n when_o p._n licinius_n be_v proconful_n deliver_v up_o their_o town_n as_o if_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o be_v receive_v and_o place_v in_o the_o hindermost_a rank_n they_o fall_v upon_o their_o back_n 29._o scipio_n africanus_n have_v against_o he_o two_o camp_n of_o enemy_n one_o command_v by_o syphax_n the_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n resolve_v to_o assault_n syphax_n camp_n in_o the_o night_n and_o to_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n for_o there_o be_v there_o much_o combustible_a matter_n that_o he_o may_v from_o his_o own_o camp_n cut_v off_o the_o numidian_n in_o the_o hurly-bur_o and_o because_o he_o know_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n will_v adventure_v to_o go_v out_o to_o succour_v their_o companion_n he_o lay_v a_o ambush_n to_o receive_v they_o all_o this_o fall_v out_o according_a to_o his_o expectation_n and_o desire_n 30._o mithridates_n have_v be_v often_o overcome_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o lucullus_n assault_v he_o in_o a_o ambuscado_n when_o he_o have_v corrupt_v and_o persuade_v a_o certain_a man_n of_o great_a strength_n name_v adathas_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n this_o traitor_n promise_v and_o engage_v his_o faith_n to_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o may_v perform_v his_o intend_a wickedness_n which_o he_o stout_o endeavour_v but_o in_o vain_a for_o be_v admit_v by_o lucullus_n into_o the_o number_n of_o his_o horseman_n he_o be_v secret_o watch_v because_o they_o do_v not_o give_v sudden_o credit_v to_o a_o runaway_n neither_o be_v it_o fit_a to_o discourage_v other_o from_o come_v over_o to_o they_o afterward_o in_o many_o sally_n and_o encounter_n have_v do_v good_a service_n he_o get_v himself_o into_o credit_n he_o choose_v a_o time_n when_o the_o principes_fw-la be_v send_v away_o and_o they_o be_v retire_v to_o the_o innermost_a room_n of_o the_o general_n be_v quarter_n and_o all_o be_v quiet_a in_o the_o camp_n a_o accident_n favour_v lucullus_n for_o he_o find_v he_o at_o that_o time_n depart_v to_o his_o rest_n weary_a with_o his_o evening_n care_n and_o employment_n have_v entertain_v company_n very_o late_o when_o therefore_o he_o offer_v to_o go_v in_o as_o if_o he_o will_v reveal_v some_o sudden_a and_o important_a matter_n he_o be_v resolute_o keep_v out_o by_o the_o servant_n who_o be_v mindful_a of_o their_o lord_n health_n and_o repose_n which_o cause_v he_o to_o doubt_v that_o he_o be_v suspect_v he_o therefore_o take_v horse_n which_o he_o have_v ready_a before_o the_o gate_n and_o return_v without_o effect_v any_o thing_n to_o mithridates_n 31._o when_o sertorius_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o town_n of_o lauro_n have_v his_o camp_n adjoin_v to_o the_o camp_n of_o pompey_n and_o that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o country_n only_o there_o able_a to_o furnish_v they_o with_o fodder_n one_o near_o the_o other_o at_o a_o distance_n he_o cause_v his_o soldier_n light_o arm_v frequent_o to_o visit_v that_o country_n that_o be_v near_a but_o forbid_v they_o so_o much_o as_o to_o enter_v into_o that_o which_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o make_v his_o enemy_n believe_v that_o the_o far_a country_n be_v the_o safe_a which_o when_o the_o soldier_n of_o pompey_n go_v to_o visit_v he_o send_v octavius_n graecimus_n with_o ten_o company_n arm_v in_o the_o roman_a manner_n and_o ten_o other_o company_n of_o spaniard_n light_o arm_v with_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n at_o the_o head_n of_o two_o thousand_o horse_n to_o lie_v in_o ambush_n for_o the_o forager_n they_o punctual_o and_o courageous_o perform_v their_o order_n for_o have_v well_o understand_v the_o country_n they_o hide_v these_o force_n in_o a_o
horse_n and_o foot_n than_o bajazet_n some_o reckon_v 300000_o horse_n and_o 400000_o foot_n in_o tamerlans_n army_n whereas_o in_o bajazet_n army_n be_v 140000_o horse_n beside_o 30000_o mamaluck_v and_o 30000_o janissary_n and_o above_o 100000_o other_o soldier_n but_o old_a and_o experience_a in_o war._n tamerlan_n therefore_o resolve_v to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o so_o to_o draw_v up_o his_o numerous_a army_n that_o they_o may_v all_o be_v serviceable_a in_o their_o order_n and_o weary_a the_o valiant_a enemy_n with_o the_o assault_n of_o fresh_a man_n this_o wise_a and_o politic_a manner_n of_o fight_n undoubtle_o obtain_v for_o he_o the_o victory_n for_o have_v always_o a_o fresh_a body_n of_o man_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n ready_a to_o fall_v on_o instead_o of_o such_o as_o be_v either_o discourage_v or_o break_v he_o keep_v the_o turk_n so_o long_o in_o play_n that_o they_o be_v tire_v and_o sorce_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o great_a number_n chap._n xxv_o the_o stratagem_n of_o alis_fw-la bassa_n the_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n under_o sultan_n soliman_n bajazet_n elder_a son_n in_o the_o war_n against_o mahomet_n the_o 5_o king_n of_o the_o turk_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o tamerlan_n out_o of_o anatolia_n the_o child_n of_o bajazet_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o much_o of_o his_o dominion_n soliman_n take_v that_o part_n which_o lie_v in_o europe_n isa_n and_o mahomet_n share_v what_o they_o can_v keep_v from_o tamerlans_n lieutenant_n in_o asra_n but_o when_o their_o common_a enemy_n be_v retreat_v they_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o isa_n contend_v with_o his_o brother_n mahomet_n three_o time_n in_o bloody_a fight_v and_o be_v as_o often_o worsted_n and_o force_v to_o fly_v for_o safety_n into_o caramania_n where_o he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o obscurity_n soliman_n the_o other_o european_a brother_n make_v ready_a a_o strong_a army_n and_o pass_v over_o into_o asia_n take_v the_o royal_a city_n of_o prusa_n but_o the_o castle_n be_v defend_v by_o jacub-beg_a a_o stout_a captain_n who_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o necessity_n of_o submit_v to_o soliman_n without_o speedy_a relief_n send_v a_o messenger_n to_o inform_v mahomet_n of_o his_o distress_n mahomet_n dispatch_v back_o the_o messenger_n with_o a_o letter_n to_o jacub_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o his_o assistance_n the_o messenger_n be_v take_v by_o soliman_n soldier_n and_o bring_v to_o alis-beg_a his_o great_a general_n when_o he_o have_v read_v the_o letter_n he_o counterfeit_v other_o in_o the_o name_n of_o mahomet_n wherein_o he_o commend_v the_o faithfulness_n and_o courage_n of_o jacub_n but_o because_o he_o can_v not_o yet_o send_v he_o any_o succour_n he_o give_v he_o liberty_n to_o deliver_v the_o castle_n upon_o honourable_a term_n this_o counterfeit_a letter_n alis-beg_a find_v mean_n to_o send_v secret_o to_o jacub-beg_a into_o the_o castle_n when_o he_o have_v read_v it_o he_o hang_v out_o a_o flag_n of_o truce_n and_o desire_v a_o parley_n with_o soliman_n and_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o letter_n he_o deliver_v up_o his_o castle_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n of_o mahomet_n who_o be_v within_o one_o day_n journey_n of_o prusa_n ready_a with_o a_o stout_a army_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o besieger_n and_o force_v his_o way_n to_o the_o castle_n soliman_n after_o the_o surrender_n of_o this_o strong_a place_n disperse_v his_o army_n as_o soon_o as_o mahomet_n hear_v of_o it_o he_o make_v speed_n to_o surprise_v his_o brother_n who_o mind_v more_o his_o pleasure_n than_o the_o war._n but_o soliman_n be_v advertise_v by_o one_o of_o his_o commander_n of_o his_o brother_n come_v at_o that_o time_n when_o he_o can_v not_o well_o resist_v he_o consult_v how_o to_o run_v away_o and_o sail_v over_o into_o europe_n but_o from_o such_o a_o disgraceful_a flight_n he_o be_v dissuade_v by_o alis-bassa_n his_o great_a councillor_n because_o it_o be_v like_a to_o discourage_v all_o his_o friend_n in_o asia_n and_o ruin_v his_o interest_n there_o but_o he_o advise_v he_o to_o make_v speed_n and_o post_v himself_o with_o his_o small_a company_n about_o the_o strait_n of_o neapolis_n there_o to_o keep_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o country_n which_o good_a advice_n he_o follow_v and_o beat_v off_o his_o brother_n mahomet_n who_o he_o hinder_v from_o pass_v any_o further_o whilst_o he_o there_o lay_v alis-beg_a doubt_v of_o his_o master_n strength_n resolve_v to_o try_v what_o he_o can_v do_v by_o cunning_a he_o send_v one_o of_o his_o trusty_a servant_n to_o mahomet_n to_o inform_v he_o that_o most_o of_o his_o great_a captain_n have_v design_v and_o agree_v among_o themselves_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o soliman_n his_o elder_a brother_n and_o the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o his_o father_n and_o therefore_o will_v he_o to_o stand_v upon_o his_o guard_n notwithstanding_o this_o advice_n he_o cause_v several_a assault_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o be_v as_o often_o repulse_v at_o last_o when_o one_o of_o his_o menial_a servant_n flee_v to_o soliman_n he_o begin_v to_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o rest_n therefore_o fear_v treachery_n and_o be_v otherwise_o incommodate_v by_o the_o wet_a wether_n he_o depart_v back_o to_o amasia_n and_o deliver_v his_o brother_n from_o a_o great_a fear_n of_o be_v take_v by_o he_o this_o civil_a war_n last_v several_a year_n first_o between_o isa_n and_o mahomet_n next_o between_o mahomet_n and_o soliman_n then_o between_o soliman_n and_o musa_n who_o take_v and_o strangle_v soliman_n in_o europe_n at_o last_o the_o contention_n be_v between_o musa_n and_o mahomet_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o all_o his_o other_o three_o brother_n succeed_v to_o all_o the_o dominion_n of_o old_a bajazet_n decease_v in_o chain_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o brave_a exploit_n of_o huniades_n the_o hungarian_a in_o defence_n of_o his_o country_n against_o the_o turk_n hvniades_n by_o his_o valour_n and_o wisdom_n raise_v himself_o in_o the_o esteem_n and_o favour_n of_o vladislaus_n first_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o afterward_o choose_a king_n of_o hungary_n about_o the_o year_n 1440._o so_o that_o vladislaus_n make_v he_o vayvod_n of_o transilvania_n at_o his_o first_o come_v to_o the_o government_n he_o secure_v all_o the_o passage_n and_o border_n with_o good_a garrison_n because_o he_o have_v a_o unquiet_a and_o cruel_a neighbour_n isa-beg_a who_o command_v in_o rascia_fw-la and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o servia_n for_o amurath_n this_o isa-beg_a have_v often_o by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o prince_n invade_v the_o christian_n country_n and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n sword_n and_o woeful_a desolation_n the_o more_o to_o distress_n belgrade_n and_o other_o frontier_n city_n of_o hungary_n huniades_n with_o one_o nicholas_n vilach_n raise_v a_o considerable_a army_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o march_v with_o they_o into_o isa_n government_n between_o belgrade_n and_o sinderovia_n to_o requite_v the_o turk_n cruelty_n isa_n meet_v he_o with_o such_o force_n as_o he_o have_v then_o not_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o christian_n at_o the_o first_o onset_n huniades_n army_n retreat_v behind_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n who_o fierceness_n and_o undaunted_a courage_n the_o turk_n can_v not_o long_o endure_v but_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v so_o that_o isa_n to_o save_v himself_o return_v to_o sinderovia_n with_o more_o speed_n than_o he_o come_v from_o thence_o huniades_n after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o much_o rich_a spoil_n and_o many_o prisoner_n return_v to_o belgrade_n where_o amurath_n displeasure_n isa_n loss_n and_o defeat_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o rest_v long_o for_o this_o angry_a turk_n have_v raise_v a_o numerous_a army_n of_o valiant_a soldier_n send_v with_o they_o mesites_n his_o general_n to_o spoil_v and_o subdue_v transilvania_n mestte_n come_v into_o the_o country_n on_o a_o sudden_a before_o huniades_n be_v well_o able_a to_o oppose_v he_o he_o put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n at_o his_o first_o entrance_n and_o destroy_v by_o fire_n the_o town_n and_o village_n to_o make_v himself_o more_o dreadful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n huniades_n in_o this_o distress_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v to_o alba_n jula_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o city_n george_n lepe_n with_o a_o intent_n by_o his_o assistance_n to_o raise_v a_o army_n but_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o turk_n speedy_a march_n before_o they_o can_v be_v provide_v they_o be_v both_o besiege_v in_o the_o city_n by_o the_o enemy_n who_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o huniades_n and_o the_o bishop_n sally_v out_o upon_o they_o but_o be_v force_v by_o a_o ambush_n to_o retreat_n the_o bishop_n be_v slay_v but_o huniades_n save_v himself_o go_v all_o about_o his_o government_n and_o gather_v what_o power_n he_o can_v make_v up_o persuade_v the_o people_n to_o venture_v themselves_o in_o the_o just_a defence_n
procure_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n the_o favour_n and_o esteem_v of_o all_o the_o spanish_a army_n but_o as_o the_o chief_a skill_n of_o a_o general_n consist_v not_o only_o in_o know_v when_o and_o how_o to_o overcome_v a_o enemy_n but_o also_o in_o understanding_n how_o to_o preserve_v his_o army_n and_o save_v it_o from_o a_o dangerous_a post_n or_o draw_v it_o out_o of_o the_o unexpected_a ambush_n of_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n this_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o mechlin_n for_o john_n of_o austria_n the_o spanish_a general_n have_v suffer_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o his_o army_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n they_o retreat_v to_o their_o great_a gun_n and_o have_v encompass_v the_o spaniard_n round_o so_o that_o they_o have_v be_v all_o cut_n in_o piece_n have_v not_o parma_n secure_v their_o retreat_n which_o he_o do_v by_o place_v behind_o the_o hedge_n some_o company_n of_o musketeer_n to_o stop_v the_o pursue_a enemy_n and_o cause_v some_o troop_n of_o horse_n furious_o to_o charge_n whilst_o he_o give_v a_o private_a sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n and_o draw_v away_o the_o body_n of_o foot_n in_o danger_n to_o be_v lose_v into_o the_o narrow_a way_n line_v with_o his_o musketeer_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n order_n be_v give_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n to_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o to_o stand_v ready_a to_o shelter_v their_o fellow_n at_o their_o return_n for_o fear_v the_o enemy_n follow_v close_o at_o the_o rear_n shall_v disorder_v and_o rout_n the_o whole_a army_n as_o it_o have_v often_o happen_v in_o such_o like_a case_n when_o john_n of_o austria_n be_v dead_a alexander_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o netherlands_o and_o in_o the_o chief_a command_n of_o the_o army_n maestricht_n be_v first_o besiege_v by_o he_o where_o he_o so_o cunning_o enclose_v in_o the_o town_n with_o fort_n and_o work_n by_o land_n and_o two_o bridge_n over_o the_o river_n mosa_n that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o of_o his_o army_n either_o to_o relieve_v the_o town_n or_o force_v he_o in_o his_o trench_n at_o last_o after_o a_o notable_a siege_n the_o city_n be_v take_v and_o miserable_o plunder_v by_o the_o duke_n army_n by_o his_o policy_n and_o valour_n he_o recover_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o defeat_v the_o troop_n of_o casimirus_n the_o saxon_a prince_n who_o with_o his_o german_a force_n assisted_z the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o state_n he_o compel_v several_a great_a town_n to_o yield_v to_o he_o tourney_n aldenard_n dunkirk_n etc._n etc._n he_o drive_v the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n out_o of_o the_o netherlands_o and_o often_o beat_v the_o french_a auxiliary_n after_o their_o unhappy_a endeavour_n to_o surprise_v antwerp_n and_o the_o chief_a town_n which_o they_o assault_v at_o noon_n day_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n who_o attempt_v to_o take_v and_o plunder_v antwerp_n by_o treachery_n but_o parma_n excellent_a skill_n in_o war_n never_o appear_v more_o than_o in_o the_o famous_a siege_n of_o antwerp_n with_o ten_o or_o eleven_o thousand_o man_n he_o beleaguer_v that_o great_a city_n full_a of_o people_n defeat_v all_o the_o auxiliary_a force_n send_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n compel_v five_o other_o strong_a city_n to_o yield_v to_o he_o gant_n brussels_n mechlin_n nimeguen_n and_o teneramund_n in_o this_o siege_n he_o build_v a_o famous_a and_o most_o ingenious_a bridge_n over_o the_o river_n of_o scala_n this_o bridge_n be_v in_o part_n blow_v up_o and_o break_v by_o ship_n let_v down_o the_o stream_n from_o antwerp_n by_o a_o notable_a ingenier_n but_o such_o be_v the_o diligence_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n that_o he_o cause_v some_o beam_n plank_n and_o vessel_n to_o be_v lay_v in_o that_o breach_n and_o drum_n and_o trumpet_n there_o to_o sound_v to_o blind_a and_o deceive_v the_o holland_n vessel_n that_o be_v come_v up_o the_o river_n the_o next_o morning_n to_o relieve_v antwerp_n with_o provision_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o discouragement_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o soldier_n kill_v in_o the_o blow_n up_o of_o the_o bridge_n he_o continue_v the_o siege_n until_o the_o citizen_n be_v force_v by_o famine_n to_o yield_v up_o their_o city_n he_o reduce_v the_o state_n of_o holland_n to_o the_o necessity_n of_o implore_v queen_n elizabeth_n aid_n she_o send_v send_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n with_o a_o brave_a army_n but_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n proceed_v on_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o netherlands_o and_o the_o take_n of_o several_a town_n both_o from_o the_o dutch_a and_o english_a but_o no_o action_n of_o this_o prince_n deserve_v more_o the_o admiration_n of_o man_n than_o his_o expedition_n into_o france_n the_o first_o be_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o paris_n besiege_v by_o henry_n the_o iv_o the_o duke_n be_v order_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o march_v thither_o with_o his_o army_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o call_v together_o all_o his_o troop_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o siege_n to_o meet_v the_o duke_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o fight_v he_o but_o when_o he_o understand_v that_o paris_n be_v supply_v with_o provision_n he_o entrench_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o advantageous_a post_n that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o dare_v to_o beat_v he_o from_o thence_o he_o afterward_o retreat_v back_o into_o the_o low_a country_n and_o in_o view_n of_o the_o french_a army_n far_o more_o numerous_a than_o he_o storm_v and_o take_v the_o town_n of_o lagny_n and_o though_o the_o french_a follow_v he_o close_o at_o the_o heel_n yet_o he_o order_v his_o retreat_n so_o subtile_o that_o they_o can_v never_o fight_v he_o the_o next_o expedition_n be_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o rohan_n besiege_v by_o same_o king_n henry_n the_o iv_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n with_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 15000_o old_a soldier_n spaniard_n and_o walloon_n and_o 8000_o french_a under_o the_o duke_n of_o mayenne_n go_v to_o rohan_n and_o oblige_v king_n henry_n to_o depart_v with_o his_o army_n parma_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o citizen_n assaulted_z caudebeck_n and_o take_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n king_n henry_n have_v gather_v together_o his_o disperse_a force_n and_o find_v himself_o as_o strong_a as_o his_o enemy_n resolve_v to_o pursue_v and_o fight_v they_o they_o be_v then_o about_o tuepot_n in_o the_o chalky_a country_n of_o normandy_n have_v the_o great_a river_n of_o seine_n between_o they_o both_o the_o duke_n army_n be_v much_o distress_v for_o want_n of_o victual_n and_o have_v receive_v some_o loss_n by_o the_o french_a army_n in_o skirmish_n and_o king_n henry_n have_v take_v great_a care_n to_o cut_v off_o all_o provision_n from_o they_o but_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n in_o one_o night_n deliver_v his_o army_n from_o the_o danger_n both_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o of_o famine_n he_o cause_v great_a boat_n cover_v over_o with_o beam_n and_o plank_n to_o fall_v down_o the_o river_n from_o rohan_n to_o his_o camp_n where_o he_o cause_v two_o fort_n to_o be_v raise_v with_o some_o redoubt_n to_o favour_n and_o defend_v his_o passage_n over_o the_o river_n which_o in_o this_o place_n be_v half_a a_o league_n over_o upon_o these_o boat_n he_o convey_v over_o all_o his_o cannon_n and_o carriages_n his_o bag_n and_o baggage_n with_o horse_n and_o foot_n so_o that_o the_o next_o day_n when_o the_o french_a army_n be_v prepare_v to_o assault_v the_o spaniard_n in_o their_o tent_n they_o see_v only_a prince_n ranuse_n farnese_n with_o 1500_o man_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o canon_n go_v over_o to_o the_o duke_n army_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o follow_v he_o for_o want_n of_o boat_n or_o a_o bridge_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o duke_n return_v back_o with_o leisure_n into_o the_o low_a country_n relieve_v two_o great_a city_n against_o a_o powerful_a king_n and_o without_o venture_v his_o army_n to_o the_o great_a wonder_n of_o all_o europe_n perform_v what_o he_o have_v undertake_v chap._n xliii_o how_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr defeat_v five_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n with_o seventy_o lance_n and_o twenty_o five_o carabin_n this_o excellent_a commander_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n order_n march_v out_o of_o louvain_n where_o he_o be_v governor_n towards_o maestricht_n to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n and_o by_o chance_n meet_v with_o five_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n at_o the_o first_o sight_n his_o man_n begin_v to_o fear_v the_o in-equality_n of_o the_o number_n but_o the_o marquis_n find_v himself_o too_o far_o advance_v and_o so_o near_o that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o
so_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v never_o able_a to_o force_v he_o to_o a_o fight_n and_o when_o all_o his_o forage_n and_o provision_n be_v spend_v he_o be_v drive_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o the_o necessity_n of_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o country_n into_o germany_n again_o chap._n xlix_o of_o certain_a time_n convenient_a to_o fight_v a_o enemy_n and_o other_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v wisdom_n to_o refuse_v a_o battle_n if_o a_o army_n reputation_n depend_v whole_o upon_o a_o speedy_a success_n as_o in_o many_o case_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v gather_v together_o great_a force_n and_o expect_v a_o speedy_a supply_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n if_o the_o country_n be_v so_o at_o his_o devotion_n that_o the_o long_o he_o delay_v the_o strong_a he_o grow_v or_o if_o victual_n or_o money_n begin_v to_o fail_v than_o a_o general_n shall_v seek_v all_o fit_a opportunity_n for_o a_o speedy_a encounter_n while_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o too_o strong_a and_o his_o own_o party_n in_o a_o condition_n and_o resolution_n to_o give_v battle_n but_o if_o a_o general_n have_v more_o force_n come_v into_o he_o or_o if_o he_o know_v that_o by_o delay_v he_o may_v shorten_v or_o cut_v off_o his_o enemy_n provision_n or_o if_o sickness_n and_o disease_n do_v daily_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o his_o enemy_n then_o by_o delay_v he_o may_v do_v as_o much_o service_n as_o by_o venture_v a_o battle_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o rhee_n the_o freuch_n army_n will_v never_o offer_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o english_a till_o they_o perceive_v they_o in_o a_o confusion_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o order_n to_o embark_v but_o they_o always_o follow_v they_o close_o at_o the_o heel_n till_o this_o opportunity_n be_v offer_v to_o they_o and_o then_o with_o all_o their_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n they_o fall_v furious_o upon_o the_o english_a and_o cut_v off_o a_o great_a many_o likewise_o in_o the_o war_n between_o don_n john_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o netherlands_o he_o endeavour_v to_o fight_v the_o army_n command_v by_o count_n bossute_n because_o he_o understand_v that_o duke_n cassimire_n with_o 5000_o horse_n and_o 6000_o foot_n with_o other_o force_n be_v come_v into_o the_o earl_n camp_n within_o a_o few_o day_n but_o the_o earl_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v his_o man_n to_o venture_v out_o of_o their_o trench_n chap._n l._n how_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n stop_v the_o assistance_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o britain_n be_v go_v to_o send_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n the_o french_a king_n understanding_n that_o these_o three_o duke_n have_v make_v a_o league_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a against_o he_o their_o common_a enemy_n and_o have_v a_o intent_n to_o assault_n and_o fight_v they_o single_a when_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n into_o normandy_n he_o feign_v letter_n from_o that_o duke_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n signify_v that_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o war_n that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o king_n offer_n and_o conclude_v a_o agreement_n with_o he_o for_o 60000_o frank_n and_o therefore_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o forbear_v send_v of_o his_o force_n to_o his_o assistance_n as_o have_v be_v former_o promise_v these_o letter_n the_o king_n cause_v to_o be_v send_v by_o a_o herald_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o britain_n who_o though_o they_o suspect_v they_o to_o be_v false_a yet_o because_o they_o receive_v a_o confirmation_n from_o the_o content_n from_o other_o hand_n but_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o the_o king_n they_o cause_v their_o army_n to_o be_v speedy_o disband_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n obtain_v by_o policy_n what_o otherwise_o he_o can_v not_o well_o get_v by_o force_n without_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o army_n for_o he_o have_v thus_o weaken_v his_o enemy_n make_v with_o they_o what_o agreement_n he_o think_v convenient_a and_o they_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v to_o his_o term_n of_o peace_n chap._n li._n a_o policy_n use_v by_o a_o french_a general_n to_o destroy_v the_o neapolitan_a army_n strong_o encamp_v when_o there_o be_v a_o dispute_n between_o ferand_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o charles_n king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o crown_n of_o that_o kingdom_n ferand_n understand_v that_o the_o french_a army_n be_v too_o potent_a for_o he_o to_o encounter_v with_o only_o with_o his_o fainthearted_a neapolitan_n resolve_v to_o entrench_v himself_o between_o certain_a hill_n the_o french_a general_n find_v he_o in_o that_o advantageous_a post_n that_o he_o do_v not_o dare_v to_o meddle_v with_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n secret_o in_o the_o night_n and_o send_v a_o strong_a party_n round_o about_o to_o assault_v king_n ferand_n behind_o whilst_o he_o in_o the_o interim_n with_o small_a party_n skirmish_v and_o keep_v they_o in_o continual_a play_n at_o last_o when_o the_o party_n of_o man_n which_o be_v to_o surround_v the_o neapolitan_a army_n and_o to_o fall_v upon_o their_o back_n be_v come_v to_o the_o appoint_a place_n the_o french_a assault_v the_o enemy_n behind_o and_o before_o enter_v their_o trench_n and_o rout_v they_o xerxes_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n recover_v the_o strait_n of_o thermopyle_n in_o greece_n defend_v by_o a_o handful_n of_o lacedaemonian_n under_o leonidas_n their_o captain_n chap._n lii_o how_o prince_n maurice_n take_v the_o town_n of_o gertrudenberg_n when_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n besiege_v gertrudenberg_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n he_o understand_v by_o a_o prisoner_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n that_o once_o every_o day_n the_o governor_n with_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n be_v wont_a to_o go_v up_o private_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o hollander_n trench_n and_o of_o the_o country_n round_o about_o that_o they_o may_v see_v for_o a_o opportunity_n to_o sally_v out_o upon_o they_o immediate_o he_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o information_n and_o secret_o order_v a_o gentleman_n of_o his_o army_n to_o run_v away_o to_o the_o town_n under_o pretence_n that_o he_o have_v murder_v a_o man_n and_o therefore_o flee_v to_o save_v his_o life_n the_o gentleman_n according_a to_o appointment_n discover_v to_o the_o prince_n army_n by_o play_v upon_o a_o pipe_n when_o the_o governor_n be_v in_o the_o steeple_n the_o great_a gun_n be_v then_o ready_a and_o wait_v for_o the_o purpose_n be_v all_o immediate_o discharge_v at_o one_o time_n and_o batter_v down_o the_o steeple_n kill_v the_o governor_n with_o the_o magistrate_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n suspect_v he_o cause_v a_o sudden_a assault_n to_o be_v make_v and_o carry_v the_o town_n for_o want_v of_o a_o governor_n and_o order_n to_o defend_v it_o for_o such_o a_o consternation_n that_o must_v needs_o happen_v at_o the_o unexpected_a destruction_n of_o a_o chieftain_n either_o in_o a_o army_n or_o in_o a_o garrison_n the_o soldier_n heart_n must_v needs_o be_v break_v and_o before_o order_n can_v be_v give_v to_o supply_v his_o place_n by_o another_o the_o enemy_n have_v a_o great_a advantage_n upon_o the_o party_n that_o he_o command_v chap._n liii_o how_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n take_v the_o town_n of_o breda_n by_o surprise_n they_o hire_v a_o certain_a master_n of_o a_o boat_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o carry_v into_o the_o city_n provision_n of_o bread_n and_o beer_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o garrison_n in_o this_o boat_n they_o store_v a_o company_n of_o stout_a and_o valiant_a gentleman_n and_o cover_v they_o over_o with_o turf_n and_o other_o thing_n the_o boatsman_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n bring_v strong_a liquor_n upon_o the_o guard_n make_v they_o all_o drink_v plentiful_o till_o they_o be_v drink_v whilst_o they_o be_v in_o that_o condition_n he_o pass_v the_o guard_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o town_n with_o his_o company_n of_o man_n who_o immediate_o give_v notice_n to_o their_o friend_n without_o by_o cast_v up_o a_o ball_n of_o wildfire_n to_o fall_v on_o a_o gate_n be_v break_v open_a for_o they_o then_o do_v they_o disperse_v themselves_o about_o the_o town_n kill_v all_o that_o resist_v and_o master_v the_o guard_n such_o surprise_v have_v be_v make_v with_o cart_n full_a of_o corn_n hay_o etc._n etc._n wherein_o have_v be_v hide_v soldier_n and_o sometime_o a_o cart_n have_v be_v purposely_o break_v and_o out_o of_o order_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o town_n to_o hinder_v the_o shut_n of_o it_o and_o a_o party_n of_o the_o enemy_n have_v then_o set_v upon_o and_o enter_v the_o town_n chap._n liv._o how_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o sconce_n at_o zutphen_n be_v surprise_v the_o spaniard_n to_o strengthen_v the_o more_o the_o city_n of_o zutphen_n in_o gelderland_n have_v build_v a_o very_a strong_a sconce_n in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o hinder_v any_o enemy_n from_o make_v their_o approach_n
to_o besiege_v or_o annoy_v the_o town_n for_o it_o be_v erect_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n issell_n when_o therefore_o prince_n maurice_n have_v a_o design_n upon_o that_o place_n he_o procure_v a_o dozen_o young_a gentleman_n of_o a_o feminine_a gountenance_n to_o be_v apparel_v as_o country_n maid_n and_o to_o carry_v thither_o butter_n egg_n poultry_n and_o other_o such_o country-commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o garrison_n soldier_n they_o coming_z to_o the_o wall_n to_o buy_v these_o provision_n sound_v the_o disguise_a virgin_n very_o tractable_a and_o judge_v they_o fit_a for_o their_o lust_n they_o receive_v they_o into_o the_o fort_n and_o offer_v they_o drink_v to_o make_v they_o more_o pliable_a for_o their_o purpose_n as_o the_o soldier_n be_v busy_a in_o their_o courtship_n these_o young_a and_o stout_a soldier_n draw_v from_o under_o their_o petticoat_n a_o long_a knife_n make_v for_o the_o purpose_n and_o stab_v the_o soldier_n who_o sit_v next_o to_o they_o then_o rise_v together_o with_o such_o arm_n we_o they_o sieze_v next_o to_o thame_n they_o encounter_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o guard_n and_o cut_v they_o all_o off_o deliver_v the_o strong_a port_n to_o their_o companion_n who_o wait_v near_o at_o hand_n to_o give_v they_o their_o ready_a assistance_n the_o take_n of_o this_o sconce_n so_o discourage_v the_o garrison_n of_o the_o town_n that_o they_o yield_v in_o few_o day_n after_o to_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n such_o disguise_n have_v often_o prove_v successful_a when_o the_o business_n and_o design_n have_v be_v manage_v with_o care_n and_o discretion_n wariness_n and_o courage_n another_o town_n in_o the_o low-countries_n be_v take_v by_o a_o party_n of_o soldier_n apparel_v as_o country_n maid_n and_o by_o they_o the_o guard_n be_v sudden_o overpowr_v and_o a_o gate_n seize_v to_o let_v in_o the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n but_o the_o least_o disappointment_n spoil_v all_o the_o design_n and_o destroy_v the_o bold_a adventurer_n who_o must_v expect_v no_o pardon_n or_o quarter_n after_o such_o a_o dangerous_a hypocrisy_n chap._n lv._o how_o spinola_n be_v army_n be_v like_a to_o be_v rout_v when_o they_o first_o sit_v down_o before_o the_o wall_n of_o bergen-op-zone_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n a_o politic_a commander_n resolve_v to_o sally_v out_o upon_o the_o spaniard_n at_o their_o first_o come_v to_o besiege_v the_o town_n and_o to_o terrify_v they_o the_o more_o he_o increase_v the_o appearance_n of_o his_o army_n with_o a_o show_n of_o arm_a troop_n beside_o those_o that_o he_o have_v real_a his_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v to_o attack_v the_o enemy_n out_o of_o one_o gate_n and_o out_o of_o another_o he_o cause_v all_o the_o weak_a jade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v mount_v by_o boy_n and_o useless_a fellow_n to_o march_v leisurely_o out_o and_o show_v the_o appearance_n of_o other_o force_n these_o be_v to_o discover_v themselves_o at_o a_o distance_n after_o the_o first_o or_o second_o charge_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v weary_a the_o spaniard_n have_v beat_v back_o the_o defendant_n but_o the_o unexpected_a sight_n of_o these_o deceitful_a force_n so_o trouble_v they_o that_o they_o sudden_o leave_v the_o chase_n and_o retire_v behind_o their_o trench_n in_o some_o disorder_n and_o have_v the_o state_n soldier_n be_v provide_v with_o ammunition_n and_o bullet_n to_o have_v give_v at_o that_o instant_n another_o charge_n spinola_n army_n have_v be_v then_o total_o rout_v and_o the_o city_n free_v from_o a_o troublesome_a siege_n caap._n lvi_o how_o a_o army_n have_v be_v discourage_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o fight_n at_o muscleborough_n field_n when_o both_o army_n be_v fierce_o engage_v there_o be_v cunning_o a_o rumour_n spread_v among_o the_o enemy_n that_o their_o general_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o other_o wing_n and_o part_n of_o their_o force_n cut_v off_o and_o rout_v which_o report_n so_o terrify_v they_o that_o they_o immediate_o give_v ground_n and_o begin_v to_o run_v this_o policy_n have_v be_v often_o use_v when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o general_n be_v not_o present_a and_o sometime_o after_o the_o first_o charge_n a_o army_n have_v cry_v out_o look_v how_o they_o run_v in_o the_o rear_n such_o word_n and_o false_a report_n have_v disorder_v and_o defeat_v the_o best_a and_o most_o resolute_a army_n for_o the_o least_o sear_n discourage_v soldier_n in_o such_o a_o critical_a time_n and_o disinable_v they_o from_o pursue_v the_o victory_n so_o that_o as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o well_o advise_v general_n by_o sudden_a attempt_n stratagem_n rumour_n and_o other_o art_n to_o terrify_v their_o enemy_n it_o have_v be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o wise_a commander_n to_o prevent_v fear_n from_o discourage_v their_o force_n and_o to_o secure_v their_o mind_n against_o all_o sudden_a accident_n which_o they_o can_v foresee_v by_o their_o advice_n and_o command_n and_o by_o the_o steadiness_n of_o their_o own_o resolution_n and_o wise_a order_n chap._n lvii_o how_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n get_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o know_v be_v fit_a for_o they_o to_o build_v a_o fort_n to_o distress_v the_o enemy_n town_n and_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o two_o great_a river_n there_o be_v between_o the_o wale_n and_o the_o leck_n two_o great_a river_n a_o piece_n of_o ground_n advance_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o hollander_n perceive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v beneficial_a to_o they_o and_o their_o design_n against_o the_o spaniard_n if_o they_o can_v get_v it_o resolve_v by_o policy_n to_o gain_v possession_n of_o it_o round_o about_o be_v the_o enemy_n castle_n and_o garrison_n which_o will_v infallible_o oppose_v any_o such_o motion_n if_o they_o come_v to_o understand_v it_o therefore_o to_o conceal_v their_o intent_n from_o they_o they_o deal_v with_o a_o country_n fellow_n name_v skink_o to_o hire_v that_o piece_n of_o ground_n for_o some_o year_n to_o feed_v his_o colt_n and_o to_o secure_v they_o the_o better_a they_o order_v he_o to_o raise_v a_o wall_n and_o dig_v a_o deep_a ditch_n from_o one_o river_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v about_o 400_o rod_n be_v the_o only_a passage_n by_o land_n to_o that_o place_n when_o this_o be_v finish_v the_o hollander_n come_v by_o night_n sail_v up_o the_o river_n and_o land_v such_o force_n as_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v the_o place_n until_o they_o have_v build_v a_o strong_a fort_n or_o sconce_n to_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o spaniard_n who_o find_v themselves_o outwitted_a and_o perceive_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o place_n they_o labour_v to_o re-take_a it_o again_o this_o be_v that_o fort_n name_v skink_o sconce_n so_o famous_a for_o a_o long_a siege_n in_o the_o late_a holland_n war._n chap._n lviii_o how_o the_o town_n of_o manheim_n be_v surprise_v by_o duke_n bernard_n of_o saxonweymar_n this_o town_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o great_a river_n of_o rhine_n and_o one_o of_o the_o strong_a of_o the_o pallatinate_n duke_n bernard_n desire_v earnest_o to_o have_v it_o in_o his_o possession_n but_o be_v loath_a to_o venture_v his_o reputation_n with_o his_o army_n in_o besiege_v it_o know_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o town_n and_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o garrison_n he_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o get_v it_o by_o policy_n he_o take_v with_o he_o five_o hundred_o man_n in_o the_o night_n and_o so_o order_v his_o march_n that_o he_o come_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n in_o the_o morning_n a_o hour_n or_o two_o before_o day_n and_o send_v in_o word_n to_o the_o governor_n that_o he_o be_v a_o commander_n of_o a_o neighbour_a garrison_n of_o their_o side_n name_v his_o name_n and_o that_o have_v adventure_v out_o with_o a_o party_n upon_o some_o important_a design_n he_o be_v overpowr_v and_o beat_v in_o by_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o swede_n who_o follow_v he_o and_o therefore_o force_v to_o seek_v a_o refuge_n within_o the_o wall_n of_o manheim_n from_o the_o swedish_n violence_n desire_v he_o earnest_o to_o cause_v his_o gate_n to_o be_v open_v to_o let_v he_o and_o his_o soldier_n in_o with_o speed_n because_o the_o swede_n be_v then_o at_o hand_n ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o and_o cut_v off_o his_o rear_n maravelli_n the_o governor_n believe_v all_o this_o to_o be_v true_a and_o command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v open_v and_o a_o passage_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o town_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o duke_n be_v within_o he_o cut_v off_o the_o main_a guard_n with_o three_o hundred_o soldier_n take_v the_o governor_n prisoner_n and_o the_o chief_a officer_n and_o win_v the_o town_n which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v otherwise_o take_v without_o a_o chargeable_a and_o long_a siege_n chap._n lix_n tamerlan_n be_v policy_n to_o oblige_v the_o town_n to_o yield_v to_o he_o with_o speed_n it_o
suspicion_n the_o cart_n be_v to_o be_v drive_v to_o the_o second_o gate_n and_o there_o to_o be_v disorder_v by_o let_v fall_n the_o wheel_n whilst_o the_o carter_n be_v to_o be_v busy_a about_o his_o cart_n the_o disguise_a soldier_n be_v to_o take_v the_o first_o and_o second_o gate_n to_o kill_v the_o watch_n and_o to_o give_v a_o sign_n to_o the_o ambush_n in_o the_o wood_n to_o come_v speedy_o to_o their_o assistance_n which_o be_v let_v into_o the_o city_n will_v easy_o take_v and_o keep_v it_o for_o the_o french_a but_o this_o plot_n be_v discover_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v prevent_v chap._n lxxv_o how_o prince_n maurice_n endeavour_v to_o take_v antwerp_n gastle_n by_o surprise_n prince_n maurice_n without_o dispute_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o successful_a general_n of_o his_o time_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o newport_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o spaniard_n and_o be_v bread_n up_o among_o army_n and_o soldier_n he_o prove_v a_o most_o wise_a and_o subtle_a commander_n antwerp_n castle_n be_v attempt_v by_o he_o in_o this_o manner_n he_o be_v at_o breda_n with_o his_o army_n command_v all_o the_o passage_n of_o his_o camp_n to_o be_v narrow_o watch_v and_o secret_o draw_v some_o company_n of_o foot_n from_o some_o neighbour_a garrison_n put_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o discreet_a colonel_n in_o who_o he_o can_v conside_fw-la the_o soldier_n know_v nothing_o of_o his_o purpose_n only_o the_o officer_n and_o that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o conceal_v his_o march_n from_o the_o country_n he_o order_v his_o man_n to_o take_v off_o their_o orange_a colour_n and_o change_v they_o for_o red_a such_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n soldier_n use_v to_o wear_v and_o his_o wagon_n likewise_o have_v a_o burgundian_n cross_n as_o spinola_n and_o as_o his_o soldier_n pass_v through_o the_o country_n they_o be_v to_o say_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o be_v march_v to_o antwerp_n for_o provision_n by_o this_o disguise_n and_o invention_n a_o party_n of_o a_o 1000_o foot_n and_o 200_o horse_n go_v undiscovered_a in_o the_o dark_a night_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o antwerp_n castle_n where_o they_o get_v as_o far_o as_o the_o bridge_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o blow_v open_a the_o gate_n have_v they_o not_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o vigilancy_n of_o a_o spanish_a old_a soldier_n name_v andreas_n cea_n who_o give_v the_o alarm_n to_o the_o garrison_n and_o prevent_v their_o entrance_n chap._n lxxvi_o of_o the_o battle_n of_o diep_n between_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n and_o the_o army_n of_o the_o ligne_n command_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o mayenne_n the_o king_n have_v in_o his_o army_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o thousand_o men._n the_o duke_n have_v twenty_o five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n the_o king_n entrench_v himself_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o diep_n at_o a_o village_n call_v arques_n with_o his_o small_a number_n but_o he_o give_v such_o wise_a order_n that_o he_o secure_v both_o his_o camp_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o invade_a enemy_n who_o on_o the_o 16_o of_o september_n 1589._o give_v a_o furious_a assault_n to_o the_o king_n force_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n the_o duke_n of_o mayenne_n have_v continue_v quiet_a in_o his_o camp_n three_o day_n give_v another_o assault_n but_o to_o as_o little_a purpose_n only_o the_o regiment_n of_o colalt_n and_o tremblecour_n call_v to_o the_o king_n force_n that_o they_o will_v be_v of_o their_o side_n at_o which_o offer_n they_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o trench_n and_o they_o promise_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n faithful_o if_o they_o may_v have_v any_o assurance_n of_o their_o pay_n which_o be_v promise_v by_o the_o king_n but_o whilst_o this_o brave_a prince_n be_v busy_o employ_v in_o look_v to_o every_o quarter_n these_o treacherous_a villain_n turn_v their_o weapon_n against_o they_o who_o have_v take_v they_o in_o let_v in_o more_o of_o the_o duke_n force_n into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o camp_n so_o that_o if_o the_o duke_n in_o that_o consternation_n that_o the_o king_n army_n be_v then_o in_o by_o the_o unexpected_a treachery_n have_v speedy_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o second_v with_o all_o his_o force_n these_o two_o regiment_n he_o have_v undoubted_o carry_v and_o master_v the_o trench_n but_o whilst_o the_o duke_n delay_v the_o count_n de_fw-fr castillon_n the_o duke_n of_o montpensier_n and_o la_fw-fr nove_n excellent_a commander_n of_o the_o king_n army_n run_v with_o their_o man_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n discourage_v party_n and_o charge_v the_o enemy_n within_o the_o trench_n so_o brisk_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v out_o and_o leave_v that_o great_a advantage_n they_o have_v gain_v by_o a_o stratagem_n after_o this_o good_a success_n the_o king_n with_o his_o small_a party_n give_v so_o many_o alarm_n to_o the_o duke_n camp_n that_o he_o find_v himself_o with_o his_o great_a army_n besiege_v by_o the_o king_n small_a number_n and_o reduce_v to_o many_o want_v and_o to_o the_o necessity_n at_o last_o of_o depart_v to_o a_o more_o secure_a and_o commodious_a neighbourhood_n chap._n lxxvii_o of_o the_o famous_a battle_n of_o jury_n between_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o mayenne_n the_o duke_n design_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n of_o dreux_n besiege_v by_o the_o king_n army_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o duke_n begin_v to_o draw_v near_o they_o be_v order_v to_o retreat_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v in_o fear_n this_o dissimulation_n so_o encourage_v the_o commander_n of_o the_o duke_n army_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v quiet_a till_o they_o have_v force_v he_o against_o his_o judgement_n to_o a_o battle_n both_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n in_o a_o even_o plain_a near_o the_o tillage_n of_o jury_n the_o king_n army_n have_v about_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o thousand_o horse_n draw_v up_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o king_n appear_v first_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o squadron_n of_o six_o hundred_o horse_n most_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n which_o be_v flank_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n with_o a_o battalion_n of_o two_o regiment_n of_o swisser_n and_o on_o the_o left_a by_o two_o other_o regiment_n of_o the_o same_o country_n these_o battalion_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o regiment_n of_o the_o guard_n and_o three_o other_o regiment_n the_o duke_n of_o montpensier_n march_v next_o on_o the_o left_a with_o a_o squadron_n of_o six_o huudred_a horse_n between_o two_o regiment_n of_o germany_n and_o switzerland_n second_v by_o two_o other_o body_n of_o foot_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o french_a infantry_n the_o marshal_n d'aumount_v close_v up_o the_o left_a wing_n with_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o two_o regiment_n of_o french_a infantry_n at_o his_o side_n and_o two_o troop_n before_o he_o of_o light_a horseman_n command_v by_o the_o great_a prior_n and_o by_o giury_n mareschal_n de_fw-fr camp_n these_o be_v assist_v on_o the_o right_n by_o the_o baron_n of_o byron_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n to_o protect_v four_o canon_n and_o some_o field_n piece_n on_o the_o other_o side_n march_v the_o marshal_n of_o byron_n with_o another_o squadron_n of_o horse_n between_o two_o regiment_n of_o french_a foot_n next_o to_o the_o regiment_n of_o guard_n but_o a_o little_a behind_o that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o a_o reserve_n to_o that_o body_n which_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o person_n next_o to_o they_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n show_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o crescent_n be_v a_o squadron_n of_o german_a horse_n slank_v by_o two_o small_a body_n of_o french_a infantry_n lead_v by_o the_o count_n scomberg_n this_o excellent_a order_n of_o the_o king_n army_n together_o with_o the_o judicious_a management_n of_o the_o artillery_n by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ordinance_n contribute_v much_o to_o the_o victory_n for_o the_o several_a body_n into_o which_o the_o king_n army_n be_v draw_v up_o find_v a_o mean_n to_o enclose_v in_o a_o body_n of_o dutch_a horse_n who_o they_o charge_v so_o furious_o on_o the_o flank_n that_o they_o be_v rout_v and_o force_v to_o fall_v back_o upon_o the_o infantry_n of_o the_o ligne_n the_o king_n himself_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o excellent_a commanmander_n and_o a_o stout_a soldier_n for_o when_o he_o be_v to_o encounter_v with_o eighteen_o hundred_o lance_n command_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o mayenne_n he_o with_o his_o pistol_z and_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o that_o great_a squadron_n and_o total_o defeat_v it_o with_o a_o small_a party_n that_o follow_v he_o close_o by_o his_o side_n the_o king_n take_v all_o the_o bag_n and_o baggage_n canon_n and_o ammunition_n by_o this_o battle_n henry_n the_o four_o secure_v the_o
resolve_v he_o therefore_o change_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o his_o army_n for_o his_o right_n which_o he_o have_v compose_v of_o the_o strong_a and_o able_a man_n and_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n army_n a-thwart_a at_o last_o he_o rout_v the_o african_n and_o easy_o force_v the_o spaniard_n who_o in_o the_o retreat_n stand_v still_o as_o looker_n on_o to_o surrender_v themselves_o 2._o philip_n king_n of_o macedo_n fight_v against_o the_o illyrian_n see_v that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n be_v very_o close_o together_o and_o compose_v of_o the_o choice_a man_n take_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n which_o cause_v the_o side_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a he_o therefore_o place_v his_o best_a and_o stout_a man_n in_o his_o right_a wing_n and_o with_o they_o assault_v the_o leave_v of_o the_o enemy_n army_n rout_z and_o disorder_v they_o and_o get_v the_o victory_n 3._o when_o permenes_n the_o theban_a captain_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o persian_a army_n that_o their_o strong_a troop_n be_v in_o their_o right_a wing_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o man_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o appoint_v all_o his_o horse_n and_o the_o able_a of_o all_o his_o foot_n to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n and_o oppose_v the_o weak_a of_o his_o against_o the_o strong_a of_o the_o persian_n and_o command_v they_o that_o at_o the_o first_o charge_n they_o shall_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n and_o retreat_n into_o the_o wood_n and_o rocky_a place_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o disappoint_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n and_o with_o the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o troop_n in_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o encompass_v about_o the_o persian_n and_o overthrow_v they_o 4._o when_o p._n cornelius_n scipio_n who_o be_v afterward_o firname_v africanus_n make_v war_n against_o asdrubal_n the_o carthaginian_a general_n in_o spain_n he_o lead_v out_o his_o army_n for_o several_a day_n so_o order_v in_o battle_n that_o the_o body_n or_o battalion_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v compose_v of_o his_o strong_a man_n but_o when_o the_o enemy_n also_o come_v forth_o constant_o dispose_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n scipio_n that_o very_a day_n that_o he_o have_v appoint_v to_o fight_v change_v the_o order_n of_o his_o battle_n and_o place_v his_o stout_a soldier_n namely_o his_o roman_a legion_n in_o the_o wing_n and_o his_o man_n who_o be_v slender_o arm_v in_o the_o middle_n but_o something_o behind_o the_o rest_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o assault_v with_o his_o two_o wing_n that_o be_v strong_a and_o appear_v like_o a_o half_a moon_n the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n and_o easy_o rout_v they_o 5._o metellus_n in_o that_o battle_n wherein_o he_o overcome_v herculeius_n in_o spain_n when_o he_o understand_v that_o his_o enemy_n troop_n that_o be_v esteem_v the_o stout_a be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n cause_v his_o battalion_n that_o be_v opposite_a to_o draw_v back_o that_o they_o may_v not_o come_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n until_o their_o wing_n be_v rout_v and_o their_o main_a body_n enclose_v in_o on_o both_o side_n 6._o artaxerxes_n march_v against_o the_o grecian_n who_o be_v enter_v into_o persia_n because_o he_o exceed_v they_o in_o number_n of_o man_n he_o stretch_v out_o his_o army_n far_o than_o the_o enemy_n and_o place_v his_o horse_n in_o the_o van_n and_o such_o as_o be_v light_o arm_v in_o the_o wing_n and_o thus_o he_o march_v soft_o on_o purpose_n with_o his_o middle_a battalion_n that_o he_o may_v encompass_v they_o which_o when_o he_o have_v do_v he_o cut_v they_o all_o in_o piece_n 7._o hannibal_n observe_v a_o contrary_a order_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n for_o he_o cause_v the_o middle_a battalion_n to_o advance_v before_o and_o keep_v back_o the_o wing_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o overpower_v their_o man_n at_o the_o first_o charge_n for_o this_o same_o general_n cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o fight_v close_o together_o and_o the_o wing_n to_o wind_v about_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o half-moon_n and_o to_o march_v on_o at_o his_o command_n so_o that_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v earnest_a in_o the_o pursuit_n he_o enclose_v they_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o army_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o cut_v they_o in_o piece_n on_o all_o side_n for_o his_o soldier_n be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o this_o manner_n of_o fight_v after_o a_o long_a experience_n none_o but_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v well_o skilled_a and_o able_a to_o answer_v to_o every_o thing_n can_v possible_o perform_v and_o observe_v this_o kind_n of_o warfare_n 8._o livius_n salinator_n and_o claudius_n nero_n when_o in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n hasdrubal_n be_v unwilling_a to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o have_v draw_v up_o his_o army_n upon_o a_o stony_a hill_n behind_o a_o vineyard_n lead_v their_o force_n up_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v he_o on_o every_o hand_n and_o without_o shelter_n assault_v and_o overcome_v he_o 9_o when_o hannibal_n have_v be_v in_o many_o battle_n overpower_v by_o claudius_n marcellus_n at_o last_o in_o his_o march_n he_o so_o place_v his_o camp_n that_o he_o have_v the_o assistance_n and_o defence_n either_o of_o some_o hill_n or_o marsh_n ground_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a place_n and_o do_v draw_v up_o his_o army_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o advantage_n he_o can_v retreat_v with_o they_o into_o his_o fortification_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n and_o when_o they_o be_v beat_v it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o choice_n to_o pursue_v they_o 10._o xanthippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n in_o africa_n against_o m._n attilius_n regulus_n place_v his_o man_n slender_o arm_v in_o the_o van_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o army_n next_o to_o second_v they_o command_v his_o auxiliary_a troop_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v cast_v their_o dart_n to_o give_v ground_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o they_o be_v retreat_v within_o their_o own_o rank_n to_o run_v immediate_o to_o the_o side_n and_o to_o charge_n from_o both_o wing_n the_o enemy_n that_o be_v at_o handy_a blow_n with_o the_o body_n of_o their_o army_n and_o to_o surround_v they_o in_o 11._o sertorius_n practise_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o spain_n when_o he_o be_v fight_v against_o pompey_n 12._o cleandridas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n against_o the_o lucani_n draw_v up_o his_o man_n close_o together_o that_o they_o may_v appear_v but_o a_o small_a body_n and_o more_o contemptible_a to_o the_o enemy_n but_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v begin_v he_o cause_v his_o man_n to_o open_v and_o have_v encompass_v in_o the_o enemy_n he_o rout_v they_o 13._o when_o gastron_n the_o lacedaemonian_a go_v to_o succour_n the_o egyptian_n against_o the_o persian_n and_o understand_v that_o his_o grecian_a troop_n be_v stout_a soldier_n and_o most_o fear_v of_o the_o persian_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o change_v their_o arm_n and_o to_o march_v in_o the_o van_n and_o when_o they_o encounter_v with_o the_o persian_n with_o equal_a advantage_n he_o send_v a_o party_n of_o egyptian_n to_o second_v they_o when_o the_o persian_n who_o be_v fight_v with_o those_o grecian_n who_o they_o think_v to_o be_v egyptian_n perceive_v the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o multitude_n who_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v also_o grecian_n they_o run_v away_o for_o fear_n 14._o cn._n pompcius_n in_o albania_n because_o the_o enemy_n be_v powerful_a in_o horse_n and_o number_n of_o man_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o cover_v their_o head_n piece_n in_o a_o straight_a place_n near_o a_o hill_n for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v discover_v by_o their_o shine_a in_o the_o sun_n and_o he_o command_v his_o horseman_n to_o go_v down_o into_o the_o plain_a and_o cover_v the_o foot_n and_o at_o the_o first_o onset_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o give_v back_o till_o they_o be_v return_v to_o the_o foot_n and_o then_o to_o place_v themselves_o in_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v the_o roman_a army_n arise_v encounter_v with_o those_o that_o be_v unadvised_o get_v in_o so_o far_o who_o meet_v with_o a_o unexpected_a resistance_n be_v cut_v all_o in_o piece_n 15._o m._n antonius_n general_n against_o the_o parthian_n command_v his_o man_n to_o stop_v when_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o arrow_n be_v discharge_v upon_o they_o and_o to_o cover_v themselves_o over_o with_o their_o target_n upon_o which_o when_o the_o arrow_n fall_v do_v no_o injury_n to_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o enemy_n be_v thereby_o exhaust_v 16._o when_o hannibal_n encounter_v with_o scipio_n in_o africa_n because_o he_o have_v a_o army_n compose_v of_o carthaginian_n and_o auxiliary_a troop_n some_o be_v come_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o from_o italy_n also_o behind_o fourscore_o elephant_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o march_v before_o his_o army_n to_o disorder_v the_o roman_a rank_n he_o place_v
neighbour_a wood_n in_o the_o night_n so_o that_o in_o the_o front_n they_o place_v the_o spaniard_n light_o arm_v and_o fit_a for_o a_o sudden_a surprise_n and_o skirmish_n next_o to_o they_o such_o as_o carry_v buckler_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o horseman_n and_o that_o the_o neigh_n of_o the_o horse_n may_v not_o discover_v the_o design_n he_o command_v they_o to_o rest_n and_o keep_v silence_n until_o the_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n but_o when_o pompey_n soldier_n be_v upon_o their_o return_n load_v with_o fodder_n and_o secure_a and_o that_o such_o as_o keep_v the_o guard_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o quietness_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o march_v out_o and_o seek_v also_o for_o forage_v first_o the_o spaniard_n sally_v out_o and_o fall_v furious_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o nation_n be_v upon_o such_o as_o be_v wander_v up_o and_o down_o wound_v and_o cut_v they_o when_o they_o least_o expect_v it_o and_o before_o pompey_n can_v resist_v and_o stop_v they_o the_o party_n arm_v with_o buckler_n break_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o rout_v such_o as_o be_v rally_v together_o in_o some_o order_n as_o they_o be_v fly_v the_o horseman_n be_v send_v out_o to_o pursue_v and_o slay_v they_o all_o that_o space_n that_o be_v between_o they_o and_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o there_o be_v care_n take_v that_o none_o shall_v escape_v for_o the_o other_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o horseman_n be_v send_v gallop_v before_o by_o a_o near_a way_n return_v and_o meet_v such_o as_o be_v fly_v first_o before_o they_o can_v come_v to_o pompey_n camp_n assoon_o as_o pompey_n understand_v it_o he_o send_v out_o a_o legion_n command_v by_o laelius_n to_o succour_v his_o man_n at_o who_o approach_n the_o horseman_n draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o if_o they_o have_v give_v place_n afterward_o they_o fall_v by_o this_o mean_n upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o legion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o such_o as_o pursue_v after_o the_o forager_n meet_v with_o it_o thus_o be_v this_o poor_a legion_n destroy_v between_o two_o party_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o pompey_n lead_v out_o his_o whole_a army_n to_o assist_v and_o relieve_v it_o sertorius_n also_o appear_v with_o his_o army_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n ready_a for_o the_o encounter_n and_o hinder_v pompey_n from_o proceed_v far_o so_o that_o beside_o a_o twofold_a loss_n procure_v by_o the_o same_o policy_n he_o stop_v and_o make_v he_o a_o spectator_n of_o the_o defeat_n and_o destruction_n of_o his_o men._n this_o be_v the_o first_o fight_n between_o sertorius_n and_o pompey_n ten_o thousand_o of_o pompey_n army_n be_v slay_v and_o all_o their_o carriage_n be_v lose_v say_v livius_n 32._o pompey_n in_o spain_n have_v appoint_v before_o such_o as_o shall_v rise_v out_o of_o a_o secret_a place_n to_o give_v the_o assault_n pretend_v that_o he_o be_v afraid_a and_o by_o that_o mean_v lead_v the_o pursue_a enemy_n into_o difficult_a place_n afterward_o when_o he_o see_v his_o time_n he_o set_v upon_o they_o before_o and_o on_o each_o side_n and_o cut_v they_o all_o in_o piece_n and_o their_o captain_n perpenna_n he_o take_v prisoner_n 33._o when_o the_o same_o pompey_n be_v general_n in_o armenia_n against_o mithridates_n who_o be_v the_o strong_a in_o horse_n he_o hide_v three_o thousand_o light_o arm_v with_o five_o hundred_o horseman_n in_o the_o night_n in_o bush_n which_o be_v between_o the_o two_o camp_n the_o next_o morning_n betimes_o he_o send_v out_o his_o horseman_n as_o far_o as_o the_o enemy_n guard_n so_o draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n that_o when_o he_o shall_v begin_v to_o fight_v with_o all_o the_o enemy_n cavalry_n they_o shall_v in_o good_a order_n give_v back_o by_o degree_n until_o such_o time_n as_o they_o may_v afford_v time_n for_o the_o ambuscado_n to_o rise_v behind_o who_o be_v there_o on_o purpose_n all_o which_o happen_v according_o to_o his_o desire_n with_o those_o troop_n that_o seem_v to_o retreat_n he_o cut_v in_o piece_n the_o middle_a battalion_n of_o his_o enemy_n which_o be_v out_o of_o order_n and_o with_o his_o footman_n that_o enter_v pell-mell_o he_o kill_v their_o horse_n so_o that_o in_o that_o battle_n he_o ruine_v the_o king_n great_a trust_n which_o he_o repose_v in_o his_o horseman_n 34._o m._n crassus_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o fugitive_n near_o the_o mountain_n cathena_fw-la fortify_v two_o camp_n near_o that_o of_o the_o enemy_n but_o in_o the_o night_n change_v the_o soldier_n of_o the_o one_o and_o receive_v they_o into_o the_o other_o leave_v still_o the_o general_n be_v tent_n in_o the_o great_a camp_n the_o better_a to_o deceive_v the_o enemy_n he_o himself_o draw_v out_o all_o his_o force_n and_o make_v a_o halt_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o say_a mountain_n and_o have_v divide_v his_o cavalry_n command_v l._n quintius_n with_o one_o part_n to_o face_n spartacus_n but_o not_o to_o engage_v in_o a_o fight_n with_o he_o with_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n he_o encounter_v with_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_n that_o be_v of_o the_o faction_n of_o castus_n and_o gannicus_n but_o order_v they_o to_o draw_v they_o by_o degree_n by_o a_o dissemble_a fight_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o himself_o stand_v ready_a in_o battle_n who_o when_o the_o barbarous_a people_n follow_v the_o cavalry_n fall_v into_o the_o wing_n and_o sudden_o the_o roman_a army_n open_v and_o fall_v on_o with_o a_o shout_n so_o that_o thirty_o five_o thousand_o soldier_n be_v there_o destroy_v with_o their_o commander_n as_o livius_n write_v five_o roman_a eagle_n be_v recover_v six_o and_o twenty_o colour_n with_o much_o spoil_n be_v take_v and_o among_o they_o five_o bundle_n of_o rod_n with_o axe_n 35._o c._n cassius_n general_n in_o syria_n against_o the_o parth_n put_v his_o cavalry_n forth_o in_o the_o van_n but_o hide_v his_o infantry_n behind_o in_o difficult_a and_o steep_a place_n afterward_o when_o the_o cavalry_n begin_v to_o retreat_n and_o to_o save_v itself_o by_o know_v way_n he_o draw_v the_o parthian_a army_n into_o the_o ambush_n that_o be_v provide_v for_o they_o and_o cut_v they_o in_o piece_n 36._o when_o the_o parthian_n and_o labienus_n be_v become_v proud_a of_o their_o success_n and_o victory_n ventidius_n the_o roman_a general_n by_o keep_v in_o his_o army_n together_o in_o their_o camp_n draw_v they_o upon_o he_o and_o when_o he_o find_v they_o in_o a_o disadvantageous_a post_n he_o fall_v upon_o they_o in_o a_o sally_n and_o so_o overthrow_v they_o that_o they_o forsake_v labienus_n and_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n 37._o the_o same_o ventidius_n be_v general_n against_o the_o parthian_n command_v by_o pharnastanes_n and_o have_v with_o he_o but_o a_o small_a number_n of_o soldier_n perceive_v that_o the_o enemy_n grow_v more_o bold_a because_o they_o exceed_v they_o in_o number_n therefore_o he_o post_v at_o one_o side_n of_o his_o camp_n in_o a_o dark_a valley_n eighteen_o company_n and_o behind_o the_o foot_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o cavalry_n then_o he_o send_v a_o very_a few_o soldier_n to_o attack_v the_o enemy_n who_o pretend_v to_o fly_v draw_v the_o parthian_n who_o greedy_o pursue_v after_o they_o beyond_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ambush_n lie_v which_o rise_v at_o that_o instant_n kill_v the_o parthian_a general_n pharnastanes_n and_o put_v the_o pursuer_n to_o flight_n 38._o c._n caesar_n when_o his_o camp_n and_o that_o of_o afranius_n stand_v in_o two_o plain_n one_o against_o another_o and_o that_o it_o concern_v either_o of_o they_o to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n find_v it_o difficult_a to_o get_v they_o because_o of_o the_o steep_a rock_n before_o he_o he_o therefore_o begin_v to_o retreat_v back_o as_o if_o he_o will_v return_v to_o the_o river_n herda_n the_o want_n of_o necessary_n persuade_v afranius_n that_o this_o be_v his_o purpose_n but_o after_o a_o little_a while_n he_o take_v a_o small_a compass_n about_o to_o get_v the_o command_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o when_o the_o army_n of_o afranius_n perceive_v they_o be_v much_o trouble_v as_o if_o their_o camp_n have_v be_v take_v they_o therefore_o in_o all_o haste_n run_v towards_o those_o hill_n caesar_n foresee_v this_o partly_o with_o his_o foot_n which_o he_o send_v to_o meet_v they_o and_o partly_o with_o his_o horse_n which_o he_o appoint_v to_o fall_v upon_o their_o back_n he_o overthrow_v they_o 39_o antonius_n at_o a_o city_n of_o italy_n understand_v that_o the_o conful_n pansa_n be_v come_v place_v a_o ambush_n in_o the_o wood_n near_o the_o aemilian_a way_n assaulted_z his_o troop_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o give_v he_o such_o a_o mortal_a wound_n that_o he_o die_v a_o few_o day_n after_o 40._o king_n juba_n in_o africa_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n
of_o war_n which_o i_o have_v therefore_o separate_v because_o though_o they_o be_v sufficient_o know_v they_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n and_o i_o have_v here_o mention_v they_o lest_o any_o shall_v meet_v with_o they_o by_o chance_n in_o read_v and_o by_o the_o resemblance_n they_o have_v with_o the_o former_a practice_n shall_v unadvised_o think_v they_o to_o be_v omit_v true_o we_o must_v express_v they_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o former_a thing_n and_o as_o before_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o place_v they_o under_o several_a head_n in_o the_o same_o order_n the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o discipline_n of_o war._n chap._n 2._o of_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o discipline_n chap._n 3._o of_o continency_n chap._n 4._o of_o justice_n chap._n 5._o of_o constancy_n chap._n 6._o of_o affection_n and_o moderation_n chap._n 7._o of_o various_a counsel_n resolution_n and_o advice_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o discipline_n of_o war._n example_n 1._o p._n scipio_n reform_v the_o roman_a army_n spoil_v by_o the_o slothfulness_n of_o their_o former_a general_n by_o send_v away_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o their_o servant_n and_o slave_n and_o oblige_v the_o soldier_n to_o perform_v their_o daily_a exercise_n and_o office_n he_o command_v they_o likewise_o to_o march_v very_o often_o and_o to_o carry_v the_o food_n of_o many_o day_n with_o they_o so_o that_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o soldier_n be_v use_v to_o endure_v the_o cold_a and_o rain_n and_o to_o pass_v on_o foot_n through_o the_o ford_n of_o river_n and_o the_o general_n do_v blame_v and_o exclaim_v against_o timorousness_n and_o sloth_n break_v all_o their_o useless_a vessel_n that_o be_v cumbersome_a in_o their_o expedition_n which_o happen_v very_o remarkable_o to_o c._n mevius_n the_o tribune_n unto_o who_o scipio_n be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v thou_o will_v be_v a_o ill_a man_n to_o i_o for_o a_o little_a while_n but_o to_o thyself_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n always_o 2._o q._n metellus_n in_o the_o war_n against_o jugurtha_n restore_v again_o the_o discipline_n of_o war_n which_o be_v likewise_o decay_v by_o imitate_v the_o same_o severity_n and_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o any_o other_o flesh_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o what_o be_v by_o himself_o order_v to_o be_v roast_v and_o boil_v 3._o pyrrhus_n use_v to_o say_v to_o such_o as_o he_o send_v to_o gather_v soldier_n choose_v i_o the_o able_a body_n and_o i_o will_v make_v they_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 4._o when_o l._n flaccus_n and_o c._n varro_n be_v consul_n livius_n name_v they_o l._n aemilius_n paulus_n and_o terentius_n varro_n then_o be_v soldier_n first_o make_v by_o take_v a_o oath_n for_o before_o the_o custom_n be_v for_o a_o tribune_n or_o a_o colonel_n to_o ask_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o will_v devote_v themselves_o for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n then_o do_v they_o agree_v together_o and_o promise_v with_o a_o curse_n that_o they_o will_v never_o depart_v to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n or_o for_o fear_n and_o that_o they_o will_v never_o go_v out_o of_o their_o rank_n but_o to_o take_v their_o weapon_n to_o strike_v a_o enemy_n or_o to_o save_v a_o citizen_n 5._o when_o scipio_n africanus_n see_v a_o buckler_n of_o a_o certain_a soldier_n adorn_v more_o beautiful_a than_o the_o rest_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o do_v not_o wonder_v at_o his_o care_n and_o diligence_n in_o beautify_v it_o because_o he_o depend_v more_o upon_o it_o for_o his_o safety_n than_o upon_o his_o sword_n 6._o when_o philip_n first_o make_v up_o his_o army_n he_o forbid_v they_o all_o the_o use_n of_o wagon_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v a_o horseman_n to_o have_v more_o than_o one_o servant_n and_o to_o ten_o foot_n soldier_n he_o appoint_v likewise_o a_o servant_n who_o be_v to_o carry_v for_o they_o when_o they_o go_v out_o into_o the_o field_n their_o meat_n and_o their_o rope_n command_v they_o to_o bear_v upon_o their_o back_n the_o meal_n needful_a for_o thirty_o day_n 7._o c._n marius_n to_o shorten_v the_o baggage_n and_o cart_n of_o the_o army_n which_o do_v most_o encumber_v it_o fit_v up_o the_o soldier_n food_n and_o vessel_n needful_a in_o bundle_n hang_v they_o behind_o their_o back_n upon_o crooked_a staff_n which_o be_v easy_a for_o they_o to_o carry_v and_o lean_v upon_o from_o hence_o be_v derive_v the_o proverb_n muli_fw-la mariani_n marius_n be_v mule_n 8._o when_o theagenes_n the_o athenian_a lead_v a_o army_n against_o megara_n he_o answer_v to_o those_o that_o ask_v for_o their_o rank_n and_o place_n that_o he_o will_v appoint_v they_o one_o there_o he_o send_v afterward_o his_o horseman_n before_o secret_o command_v they_o as_o enemy_n to_o assault_v their_o own_o friend_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o approve_v those_o soldier_n that_o he_o have_v to_o meet_v and_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o he_o suffer_v they_o to_o rank_v themselves_o as_o they_o please_v so_o that_o whereas_o the_o most_o timorous_a do_v fall_v back_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o stout_a be_v find_v in_o the_o front_n as_o he_o find_v every_o man_n stand_v in_o that_o manner_n he_o advance_v they_o to_o the_o military_a order_n and_o place_n 9_o lysander_n the_o lacedaemonian_a reprove_v a_o certain_a soldier_n go_v out_o of_o his_o way_n have_v this_o answer_n from_o he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v his_o company_n to_o steal_v but_o he_o reply_v i_o will_v not_o have_v thou_o give_v the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o stealth_n 10._o when_o antigonus_n hear_v that_o his_o son_n be_v go_v into_o a_o man_n house_n who_o have_v three_o beautiful_a daughter_n i_o hear_v say_v he_o my_o son_n that_o thou_o have_v but_o a_o narrow_a lodging_n where_o so_o many_o dame_n do_v command_v the_o house_n take_v i_o advise_v thou_o a_o large_a dwelling_n and_o he_o order_v he_o to_o depart_v out_o withal_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v under_o fifty_o year_n of_o age_n in_o the_o army_n lodge_v in_o a_o dwell_a house_n 11._o q._n metellus_n the_o consul_n though_o he_o be_v not_o hinder_v by_o any_o law_n from_o receive_v his_o son_n always_o in_o his_o tent_n yet_o he_o appoint_v he_o to_o fight_v and_o to_o live_v as_o the_o other_o soldier_n and_o to_o endure_v the_o same_o hardship_n 12._o p._n rutilius_n the_o consul_n though_o the_o law_n suffer_v he_o to_o have_v his_o son_n with_o he_o in_o his_o tent_n yet_o he_o make_v he_o a_o soldier_n in_o one_o of_o his_o legion_n 13._o t._n scaurus_n forbid_v his_o son_n to_o come_v into_o his_o presence_n because_o he_o have_v give_v back_o and_o yield_v ground_n to_o the_o enemy_n in_o a_o wood_n near_o trent_n the_o young_a man_n oppress_v therefore_o with_o grief_n and_o shame_n kill_v himself_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n ancient_o be_v use_v to_o pitch_v their_o camp_n every_o where_o according_a to_o their_o company_n as_o so_o many_o distinct_a village_n for_o none_o but_o town_n have_v wall_n and_o fortification_n but_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o entrench_v in_o a_o army_n afterward_o the_o roman_n have_v beat_v he_o in_o the_o field_n of_o arusina_fw-la near_o the_o city_n beneventum_n and_o take_v his_o camp_n they_o observe_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o pitch_v and_o by_o degree_n be_v now_o arrive_v to_o that_o perfection_n of_o encamp_v which_o be_v now_o in_o use_n 14._o p._n nasica_n be_v in_o his_o winter_n quarter_n though_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o a_o fleet_n lest_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v spoil_v by_o lazyness_n or_o for_o want_n of_o employment_n be_v tempt_v to_o do_v mischief_n to_o their_o friend_n resolve_v to_o build_v ship_n 15._o m._n cato_n have_v leave_v upon_o record_n that_o some_o of_o his_o fellow-soldier_n be_v condemn_v to_o lose_v their_o hand_n for_o be_v take_v steal_v and_o when_o a_o mild_a punishment_n be_v impose_v they_o be_v let_v blood_n before_o the_o general_n tent._n 16._o clearthus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v to_o his_o army_n that_o a_o commander_n ought_v to_o be_v more_o fear_v than_o a_o enemy_n he_o mean_v by_o those_o who_o be_v afraid_a to_o die_v in_o the_o battle_n but_o if_o they_o run_v away_o a_o certain_a punishment_n and_o execution_n be_v to_o be_v their_o reward_n 17._o the_o judgement_n of_o appius_n claudius_n be_v that_o those_o who_o have_v be_v take_v by_o king_n pyrrhus_n and_o be_v send_v home_o to_o the_o senate_n that_o the_o horseman_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o fight_v on_o foot_n the_o footman_n shall_v be_v degrade_v and_o that_o all_o shall_v abide_v out_o of_o their_o trench_n until_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v kill_v and_o produce_v the_o spoil_n of_o two_o man_n of_o their_o enemy_n 18._o otacilius_n crussus_n the_o conful_n command_v those_o who_o have_v
contain_v they_o may_v afford_v a_o encouragement_n to_o the_o fire_n 10._o hannibal_n show_v to_o king_n antiochus_n how_o he_o shall_v cast_v pot_n full_a of_o viper_n into_o their_o enemy_n ship_n which_o so_o affright_v the_o soldier_n that_o they_o be_v thereby_o hinder_v from_o resist_v and_o from_o the_o government_n of_o their_o ship_n 11._o prusias_n practise_v the_o same_o policy_n when_o his_o fleet_n give_v back_o 12._o when_o m._n parcius_fw-la in_o a_o furious_a manner_n break_v though_o the_o enemy_n fleet_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v thereby_o trouble_v and_o out_o of_o order_n porcius_n take_v a_o advantage_n of_o it_o cause_v his_o man_n to_o take_v the_o carthaginian_a arm_n and_o hang_v out_o their_o colour_n by_o that_o mean_n under_o the_o appearance_n of_o friend_n he_o deceive_v and_o sink_v several_a of_o their_o ship_n 13._o when_o the_o athenian_n have_v be_v assault_v by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o their_o festival_n day_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o honour_n of_o minerva_n out_o of_o the_o city_n they_o continue_v the_o appearance_n of_o such_o as_o be_v wont_a to_o honour_v the_o goddess_n only_o under_o their_o coat_n they_o have_v hide_v their_o weapon_n when_o they_o have_v perform_v their_o accusiomed_a worship_n they_o return_v not_o immediate_o to_o athens_n but_o from_o thence_o in_o a_o speedy_a manner_n they_o haste_v to_o lacedaemon_n at_o that_o time_n when_o they_o be_v least_o expect_v and_o plunder_v all_o their_o enemy_n country_n at_o their_o pleasure_n whereas_o a_o little_a before_o they_o have_v be_v plunder_v by_o they_o 14._o cassius_n take_v some_o ship_n of_o burden_n which_o be_v scarce_o useful_a and_o fire_v they_o he_o send_v they_o before_o the_o wind_n among_o the_o enemy_n fleet_n and_o set_v they_o all_o a_o fire_n 15._o m._n lucius_n have_v defeat_v hasdrubal_n some_o advise_v he_o to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n till_o they_o have_v total_o destroy_v they_o pray_v say_v he_o let_v some_o of_o they_o remain_v alive_a who_o may_v declare_v our_o victory_n to_o the_o enemy_n 16._o scipio_n africanus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v good_a policy_n not_o only_o to_o give_v the_o enemy_n a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o fly_v but_o also_o to_o secure_v it_o to_o they_o 17._o pericles_z the_o athenian_a promise_v his_o enemy_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v safe_a if_o they_o will_v cast_v down_o their_o weapon_n which_o when_o they_o have_v do_v he_o command_v all_o that_o have_v in_o their_o armour_n iron_n buckler_n to_o be_v slay_v 18._o when_o hasdrubal_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o border_n of_o numidia_n to_o subdue_v they_o and_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n prepare_v to_o resist_v he_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v come_v only_o to_o hunt_v elephant_n which_o be_v plentiful_a in_o numidia_n and_o if_o they_o will_v suffer_v he_o he_o promise_v to_o do_v they_o no_o harm_n they_o believe_v he_o and_o call_v back_o their_o force_n than_o do_v they_o assault_v and_o subdue_v they_o 19_o alcetas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a that_o he_o may_v more_o easy_o surprise_v a_o convey_v of_o victual_n sail_v to_o thebes_n unexpected_a provide_v some_o ship_n in_o a_o secret_a place_n show_v but_o one_o galley_n in_o which_o by_o turn_n he_o exercise_v his_o mariner_n but_o in_o a_o convenient_a time_n when_o the_o theban_n be_v sail_v by_o he_o send_v out_o all_o his_o ship_n against_o they_o and_o take_v all_o their_o provision_n 20._o ptolomeus_n have_v but_o a_o weak_a army_n when_o he_o march_v against_o perdiccas_n who_o be_v the_o strong_a in_o force_n take_v all_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o draw_v behind_o they_o cart_n and_o to_o be_v drive_v forward_o by_o a_o few_o horseman_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o he_o march_v before_o with_o what_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o so_o that_o the_o dust_n raise_v by_o the_o cattle_n give_v a_o appearance_n of_o a_o vast_a army_n that_o follow_v behind_o which_o think_v so_o terrify_v the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v put_v to_o flight_n 21._o myronides_n the_o athenian_a go_v against_o the_o theban_n who_o be_v more_o numerous_a in_o horse_n when_o his_o foot_n come_v into_o the_o plain_a field_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o do_v keep_v their_o grovod_fw-la they_o will_v be_v safe_a but_o if_o they_o yield_v they_o will_v be_v destroy_v by_o this_o speech_n he_o confirm_v his_o soldier_n and_o get_v the_o victory_n 22._o l._n pinaron_n be_v governor_n in_o sicily_n of_o the_o town_n ennae_fw-la when_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n desire_v he_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o key_n of_o the_o gate_n which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o custody_n to_o they_o he_o have_v a_o jealousy_n of_o they_o that_o they_o intend_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n he_o desire_v therefore_o one_o night_n space_n to_o consider_v of_o it_o inform_v secret_o his_o soldier_n of_o the_o treachery_n of_o those_o greek_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v ready_a the_o next_o day_n and_o expect_v the_o signal_n the_o next_o morning_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o tell_v the_o magistrate_n that_o he_o will_v deliver_v up_o the_o key_n if_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n desire_v it_o for_o that_o purpose_n all_o the_o citizen_n be_v call_v into_o the_o theatre_n demand_v the_o delivery_n of_o the_o key_n by_o this_o he_o understand_v of_o their_o purpose_n to_o revolt_v to_o the_o enemy_n he_o immediate_o therefore_o give_v order_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o fall_v on_o and_o kill_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n 23._o iphicrates_n the_o athenian_a general_n take_v the_o colour_n at_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o enemy_n fleet_n and_o sail_v to_o a_o town_n of_o which_o he_o have_v a_o jealousy_n and_o when_o at_o his_o land_n he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a expression_n of_o joy_n he_o find_v out_o their_o unconstancy_n and_o plunder_v the_o town_n 24._o tiberius_n gracchus_n declare_v public_o that_o he_o will_v give_v liberty_n to_o all_o the_o volunteer_n who_o behave_v themselves_o manful_o but_o that_o he_o will_v crucify_v the_o coward_n when_o therefore_o four_o thousand_o of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v slothful_a in_o the_o fight_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o threaten_v punishment_n be_v gather_v together_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n he_o send_v to_o tell_v they_o that_o his_o whole_a army_n of_o volunteer_n in_o his_o judgement_n have_v get_v the_o victory_n see_v the_o enemy_n be_v flee_v by_o this_o say_n he_o deliver_v they_o from_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o obedience_n 25._o hannibal_n after_o the_o battle_n at_o the_o lake_n of_o thrasginerus_n where_o the_o roman_n receive_v so_o great_a a_o loss_n when_o he_o have_v get_v into_o his_o power_n six_o thousand_o of_o his_o enemy_n by_o a_o agreement_n he_o send_v away_o all_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o latin_a country_n and_o speak_v gracious_o to_o they_o say_v that_o he_o be_v come_v into_o italy_n to_o make_v war_n to_o free_v the_o country_n from_o the_o roman_a slavery_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n some_o of_o the_o people_n surrender_v themselves_o to_o he_o 26._o magro_n when_o the_o locri_n be_v besiege_v by_o crispinus_n admiral_n of_o the_o roman_a fleet_n cause_v a_o report_n to_o be_v spread_v abroad_o in_o the_o roman_a camp_n that_o hannibal_n have_v kill_v marcellus_n and_o be_v come_v with_o his_o army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o the_o town_n have_v therefore_o secret_o send_v out_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n he_o order_v they_o to_o show_v themselves_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v in_o sight_n when_o crispinus_n see_v they_o he_o imagine_v that_o hannibal_n be_v real_o come_v he_o therefore_o haste_v with_o his_o army_n on_o shipboard_n and_o flee_v 27._o scipio_n aemilianus_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o numantia_n place_v his_o bowman_n and_o slinger_n not_o only_o between_o his_o cohorte_n but_o also_o between_o every_o century_n or_o company_n of_o foot_n 28._o pelopidas_n thebanus_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o thessalian_n and_o have_v sound_v the_o depth_n of_o a_o river_n over_o which_o he_o have_v hasty_o cast_v a_o bridge_n that_o the_o enemy_n may_v not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o also_o to_o pass_v over_o he_o command_v the_o rear_n of_o his_o army_n to_o burn_v the_o bridge_n 29._o when_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n encounter_v with_o the_o horseman_n of_o campania_n q._n naevius_n a_o captain_n in_o the_o army_n of_o fulvius_n flaccus_n the_o proconsul_n find_v a_o way_n to_o strengthen_v they_o he_o cause_v out_o of_o all_o the_o army_n some_o of_o the_o nimble_a footman_n to_o be_v choose_v who_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a stature_n he_o furnish_v they_o with_o round_a and_o little_a buckler_n with_o head-piece_n sword_n and_o seven_o spear_n every_o one_o about_o four_o foot_n
long_o place_v they_o among_o the_o horse_n command_v they_o to_o march_v as_o far_o as_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n in_o this_o order_n they_o accompany_v the_o roman_a horse_n when_o they_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n to_o they_o chief_o to_o their_o horse_n that_o be_v thereby_o soon_o disorder_v and_o oblige_v to_o leave_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o roman_n 30._o p._n scipio_n in_o lydia_n see_v the_o army_n of_o antiochus_n that_o have_v suffer_v much_o by_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v coutinual_o during_o a_o night_n and_o a_o day_n and_o that_o not_o only_o his_o man_n faint_v but_o also_o some_o of_o their_o horse_n become_v unserviceable_a and_o their_o bowstring_n be_v wet_a be_v become_v useless_a he_o encourage_v his_o brother_n the_o next_o day_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n though_o it_o be_v a_o religious_a day_n which_o advice_n be_v follow_v he_o obtain_v the_o victory_n 31._o when_o cato_n be_v plunder_v of_o spain_n the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o hergeti_n who_o be_v confederate_n with_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o he_o to_o beseech_v he_o to_o send_v they_o help_n he_o be_v loath_a by_o deny_v assistance_n to_o alienate_v the_o mind_n of_o his_o friend_n or_o by_o divide_v his_o army_n to_o weaken_v his_o force_n command_v a_o three_o part_n of_o his_o army_n to_o provide_v themselves_o with_o victual_n and_o to_o get_v a_o shipboard_n but_o give_v they_o private_o order_v to_o return_v back_o again_o and_o pretend_v that_o the_o wind_n be_v contrary_a the_o report_n of_o succour_n that_o be_v a_o come_v encourage_v the_o hergeti_n to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o disappoint_v the_o design_n of_o their_o enemy_n 32._o c._n caesar_n know_v that_o pompey_n have_v in_o his_o army_n a_o great_a number_n of_o roman_a knight_n who_o by_o their_o skill_n in_o arm_n will_v overcome_v his_o soldier_n command_v his_o man_n to_o aim_v with_o their_o sword_n at_o their_o face_n and_o eye_n by_o this_o policy_n he_o oblige_v they_o to_o turn_v away_o their_o eye_n and_o to_o give_v back_o 33._o when_o the_o vaccei_n be_v fight_v against_o sempronius_n gracchus_n and_o sore_o handle_v by_o his_o army_n they_o enclose_v themselves_o round_o with_o their_o wagon_n full_a of_o their_o stout_a man_n in_o woman_n apparel_n which_o make_v sempronius_n more_o bold_a to_o assault_v they_o think_v they_o to_o be_v but_o woman_n but_o they_o charge_v his_o man_n so_o stout_o that_o they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n 34._o eumenes_n cardianus_n one_o of_o the_o successor_n of_o alexander_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o castle_n so_o close_o that_o he_o can_v not_o exercise_v his_o horse_n cause_v their_o leg_n to_o be_v tie_v up_o every_o day_n at_o certain_a hour_n that_o stand_v upon_o their_o hinder_v leg_n and_o their_o fore_a foot_n lift_v up_o on_o high_a their_o desire_n and_o endeavour_v to_o stand_v on_o their_o fore_a foot_n make_v they_o yield_v a_o sweat_n all_o about_o their_o joint_n 35._o m._n cato_n when_o the_o country_n people_n promise_v he_o guide_n to_o lead_v he_o and_o convey_v he_o if_o he_o will_v give_v they_o a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n he_o free_o offer_v it_o to_o they_o for_o he_o hope_v when_o he_o shall_v obtain_v the_o victory_n to_o pay_v they_o with_o the_o plunder_n of_o their_o enemy_n or_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v kill_v he_o expect_v then_o to_o be_v free_a from_o his_o promise_n 36._o q._n maximus_n when_o statilius_n a_o noble_a knight_n of_o excellent_a ability_n be_v resolve_v to_o run_v away_o to_o the_o enemy_n send_v for_o he_o and_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v because_o through_o the_o envy_n of_o his_o fellow_n soldier_n he_o be_v not_o well_o acquaint_v with_o his_o rare_a virtue_n he_o therefore_o give_v he_o a_o horse_n and_o money_n and_o send_v he_o away_o who_o come_v to_o he_o afraid_a to_o be_v punish_v joyful_a of_o his_o reward_n and_o make_v he_o doubtless_o for_o the_o future_a a_o faithful_a as_o well_o as_o a_o stout_a soldier_n 37_o when_o king_n philip_n understand_v that_o a_o certain_a good_a warrior_n name_v pythia_n hate_v he_o because_o have_v three_o daughter_n to_o maintain_v he_o be_v poor_a and_o can_v not_o well_o provide_v for_o they_o and_o the_o king_n give_v he_o no_o assistance_n beside_o some_o warn_v he_o to_o take_v heed_n of_o he_o he_o answer_v what_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v some_o part_n of_o my_o body_n disease_v will_v i_o not_o rather_o heal_v it_o than_o cut_v it_o off_o he_o send_v therefore_o for_o this_o pythia_n secret_o inquire_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o condition_n and_o furnish_v he_o with_o money_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o oblige_v he_o to_o be_v both_o a_o better_a and_o more_o faithful_a friend_n and_o servant_n than_o before_o 38._o t._n runitius_n crispinus_n after_o the_o unhappy_a encounter_n with_o hannibal_n in_o which_o he_o lose_v his_o partner_n marcellus_n and_o understanding_n that_o the_o conqueror_n have_v get_v the_o seal_n of_o the_o slay_a consul_n send_v letter_n all_o over_o italy_n not_o to_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o letter_n that_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o signet_n of_o marcellus_n by_o this_o seasonable_a advice_n he_o prevent_v the_o cunning_a of_o hannibal_n who_o endeavour_v in_o vain_a to_o get_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o town_n of_o salapia_n and_o other_o place_n of_o italy_n 39_o after_o the_o defeat_n of_o cannae_n the_o roman_a courage_n be_v so_o abate_v that_o some_o authentic_a author_n have_v leave_v upon_o record_n that_o a_o great_a many_o that_o remain_v alive_a put_v it_o in_o deliberation_n whether_o they_o shall_v forsake_v italy_n then_o do_v p._n scipio_n a_o very_a young_a man_n offer_v violence_n to_o he_o who_o propose_v such_o a_o thing_n in_o a_o assembly_n and_o public_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v kill_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n unless_o he_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o have_v a_o resolution_n never_o to_o forsake_v the_o commonwealth_n when_o this_o man_n have_v first_o bind_v himself_o by_o a_o oath_n he_o draw_v his_o sword_n and_o threaten_a death_n to_o a_o near_a kinsman_n unless_o he_o do_v also_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n he_o force_v he_o for_o fear_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v lead_v by_o the_o same_o example_n to_o swear_v the_o same_o thing_n 40._o when_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o volosci_n be_v near_o to_o a_o wood_n and_o a_o place_n full_a of_o briar_n and_o thorn_n camillus_n carry_v all_o that_o will_v take_v fire_n as_o far_o as_o their_o work_n and_o set_v they_o in_o a_o flame_n and_o drive_v they_o from_o their_o camp_n 41._o p._n crassus_n in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o confederate_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v surprise_v and_o undo_v with_o almost_o all_o his_o force_n 42._o when_o q._n metellus_n be_v to_o remove_v his_o camp_n in_o spain_n and_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v to_o march_v keep_v themselves_o still_o in_o their_o camp_n hennocrates_n have_v relate_v that_o they_o be_v order_v to_o abide_v till_o the_o next_o day_n and_o by_o that_o short_a rest_n become_v more_o fit_a for_o the_o fight_n than_o his_o people_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v metellus_n make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o war._n 43._o miltiades_n when_o he_o have_v put_v to_o flight_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o persian_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o marathon_n oblige_v the_o athenian_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o continue_v there_o some_o time_n to_o rejoice_v at_o the_o victory_n to_o depart_v and_o speedy_o relieve_v their_o city_n against_o which_o the_o persian_a fleet_n be_v sail_v he_o prevent_v they_o and_o fill_v the_o wall_n with_o arm_a man_n when_o the_o persian_n come_v they_o imagine_v the_o athenian_n to_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o that_o they_o have_v yet_o a_o army_n at_o marathon_n as_o well_o as_o at_o athens_n therefore_o they_o sudden_o turn_v about_o and_o sail_v back_o into_o asia_n 44._o pisistratus_n the_o athenian_a when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o fleet_n of_o megara_n bring_v by_o night_n eleusis_n to_o catch_v the_o athenian_a dame_n who_o use_v to_o do_v honour_n to_o the_o goddess_n ceres_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n take_v their_o ship_n and_o fill_v they_o with_o athenian_a soldier_n place_v upon_o the_o deck_v some_o of_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o garb_n of_o prisoner_n with_o which_o appearance_n they_o of_o megara_n be_v deceive_v and_o imagine_v that_o their_o man_n be_v return_v with_o success_n come_v throng_v out_o of_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v and_o welcome_v they_o then_o do_v pisistratus_n fall_v upon_o they_o unarm_v and_o again_o make_v a_o great_a destruction_n of_o they_o 45._o cinion_n the_o athenian_a general_n when_o he_o have_v overcome_v the_o persian_a fleet_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n cause_v his_o man_n to_o
such_o time_n as_o they_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v and_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o turk_n this_o order_n be_v so_o exact_o obey_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v the_o enemy_n before_o and_o behind_o be_v beset_v by_o a_o small_a number_n yet_o they_o do_v fight_v valiant_o until_o a_o fresh_a supply_n from_o the_o rear_n come_v and_o break_v in_o upon_o the_o turk_n force_v they_o to_o fly_v kill_v in_o the_o pursuit_n and_o battle_n two_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o two_o thousand_o take_v prisoner_n with_o all_o the_o turk_n tent_n and_o riches_n after_o this_o great_a slaughter_n scanderbag_n mount_v his_o footman_n upon_o the_o turk_n horse_n and_o with_o all_o his_o army_n he_o plunder_v miserable_o a_o great_a part_n of_o macedonia_n and_o enrich_v his_o soldier_n this_o great_a victory_n make_v scanderbeg_n name_v to_o be_v famous_a all_o over_o the_o court_n of_o the_o christian_a prince_n so_o that_o in_o a_o general_a confederacy_n between_o they_o for_o the_o oppose_a of_o amurath_n scanderbag_n be_v entreat_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o party_n for_o that_o purpose_n he_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o intend_v to_o assist_v vladislaus_n at_o the_o great_a and_o unhappy_a battle_n at_o varna_n but_o his_o passage_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o faithless_a despot_n of_o servia_n after_o that_o overthrow_n amurath_n send_v ferise_n bassa_n to_o spoil_n epirus_n with_o 9000_o horse_n but_o scanderbag_n have_v notice_n of_o his_o speedy_a come_n he_o put_v 1500_o stout_a footman_n in_o ambush_n upon_o the_o mountain_n and_o narrow_a way_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o valley_n of_o mocrea_n where_o the_o turk_n be_v to_o pass_v these_o footman_n set_v upon_o the_o turkish_a cavalry_n in_o such_o place_n where_o they_o can_v not_o use_v their_o horse_n that_o they_o be_v all_o rout_v and_o slay_v and_o pursue_v by_o two_o thousand_o horse_n which_o scanderbag_n have_v there_o for_o the_o purpose_n ferise_n save_v himself_o by_o flight_n with_o his_o break_a troop_n when_o amurath_n hear_v of_o this_o overthrow_n he_o send_v one_o mustapha_n another_o captain_n with_o a_o recruit_v of_o 6000_o horse_n to_o succeed_v ferise_n in_o his_o government_n with_o order_n to_o burn_v and_o spoil_v as_o much_o of_o epirus_n as_o he_o can_v mustapha_n a_o wary_a captain_n come_v with_o his_o troop_n into_o the_o valley_n of_o moerea_n where_o he_o lie_v strong_o encamp_v in_o his_o trench_n every_o night_n have_v place_v scout_n and_o sentinel_n all_o round_a upon_o the_o hill_n to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n come_v with_o 4000_o horseman_n he_o keep_v his_o camp_n and_o send_v out_o the_o rest_n in_o party_n to_o spoil_v the_o country_n with_o express_a order_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o repair_v to_o he_o upon_o the_o first_o notice_n of_o a_o enemy_n scanderbag_n be_v inform_v by_o his_o spy_n of_o mustapha_n wariness_n resolve_v to_o deal_v with_o he_o by_o plain_a force_n therefore_o with_o 4000_o horse_n and_o a_o 1000_o foot_n he_o speedy_o march_v through_o the_o valley_n to_o the_o turk_n camp_n where_o he_o kill_v many_o that_o be_v retreat_v with_o their_o plunder_v and_o then_o assault_v the_o trench_n with_o that_o fury_n and_o resolution_n that_o the_o turk_n be_v beat_v 5000_o be_v kill_v and_o 300_o take_v prisoner_n with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o twenty_o horseman_n and_o fifty_o foot_n mustapha_n flee_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n to_o his_o government_n of_o macedonia_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o scanderbeg_n valour_n and_o of_o his_o own_o loss_n to_o old_a amurath_n who_o resolve_v to_o suffer_v awhile_o this_o dreadful_a enemy_n to_o live_v in_o peace_n therefore_o he_o command_v mustapha_n not_o to_o molest_v the_o border_n of_o epirus_n but_o only_o to_o defend_v his_o own_o government_n it_o happen_v at_o that_o time_n that_o there_o be_v a_o quarrel_n between_o scanderbag_n and_o the_o venetian_n and_o a_o open_a war_n proclaim_v when_o mustapha_n see_v that_o scanderbeg_n force_n be_v employ_v against_o the_o venetian_n he_o beg_v leave_v of_o amurath_n to_o try_v once_o more_o his_o fortune_n against_o scanderbag_n for_o that_o purpose_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n he_o enter_v into_o epirus_n when_o scanderbag_n be_v besiege_v the_o town_n of_o dayna_n where_o he_o leave_v some_o force_n with_o amesa_n to_o continue_v the_o siege_n and_o with_o 500_o horse_n and_o 1500_o foot_n he_o go_v to_o find_v out_o mustapha_n encamp_v in_o the_o upper_a country_n of_o dibra_n out_o of_o the_o garrison_n he_o recruit_v and_o increase_v his_o small_a number_n to_o 4000_o horse_n and_o 2000_o foot_n all_o old_a soldier_n when_o both_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n a_o turk_n advantageous_o mount_v come_v out_o of_o the_o turk_n army_n to_o challenge_v any_o christian_n to_o fight_v with_o he_o his_o name_n be_v caragusa_n one_o paul_n manessi_fw-it desire_a scanderbag_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o man_n to_o encounter_v with_o this_o turk_n which_o be_v grant_v at_o the_o first_o blow_n he_o wound_v he_o grievous_o in_o the_o head_n and_o cut_v it_o off_o which_o when_o he_o have_v do_v he_o take_v his_o spoil_n and_o return_v with_o great_a acclamation_n of_o the_o christian_a army_n to_o scanderbag_n who_o see_v how_o much_o this_o have_v encourage_v his_o man_n set_z forward_z against_o the_o turk_n and_o with_o a_o invincible_a courage_n beat_v they_o out_o of_o the_o field_n take_v mustapha_n prisoner_n kill_v 12000_o man_n whereas_o of_o his_o own_o army_n there_o be_v but_o 300_o slay_v the_o plunder_n of_o the_o enemy_n camp_n he_o always_o bestow_v upon_o his_o soldier_n who_o meet_v there_o with_o great_a riches_n and_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n enter_v again_o into_o the_o turk_n dominion_n to_o plunder_v and_o burn_v the_o country_n amurath_n grieve_v at_o so_o many_o loss_n resolve_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n to_o march_v into_o epirus_n himself_o and_o try_v his_o own_o fortune_n against_o this_o crafty_a warrior_n scanderbag_n who_o have_v notice_n of_o his_o come_n make_v all_o thing_n ready_a he_o crave_v aid_n of_o all_o his_o christian_a neighbour_n fill_v his_o town_n with_o food_n provision_n and_o arm_n repair_v all_o the_o decay_a fortification_n and_o gather_v a_o army_n of_o 10000_o man_n to_o attend_v upon_o he_o leave_v sufficient_a garrison_n in_o every_o city_n amurath_n have_v in_o his_o army_n one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o men._n he_o send_v forty_o thousand_o before_o he_o to_o stifegrade_v to_o make_v preparation_n for_o his_o come_n scanderbag_n march_v thither_o with_o 4000_o horseman_n a_o thousand_o foot_n and_o strong_o encamp_v himself_o within_o seven_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n from_o his_o camp_n he_o go_v up_o with_o some_o of_o his_o captain_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n as_o near_o as_o he_o can_v to_o see_v how_o the_o turk_n lie_v before_o stifegrade_v at_o his_o return_n he_o draw_v out_o his_o small_a army_n and_o place_v they_o in_o the_o wood_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n unto_o which_o he_o send_v moses_n and_o musachi_n with_o about_o 30_o horseman_n to_o drive_v some_o horse_n load_v with_o corn_n as_o if_o they_o have_v purpose_v secret_o to_o get_v into_o the_o city_n when_o the_o turk_n scout_n perceive_v they_o they_o charge_v they_o but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o five_o man_n which_o give_v the_o alarm_n to_o the_o turk_n who_o march_v out_o to_o pursue_v they_o in_o number_n about_o 4000_o moses_n politic_o draw_v they_o away_o from_o their_o camp_n to_o the_o place_n where_o scanderbag_n lie_v in_o ambush_n he_o rise_v with_o his_o man_n set_v upon_o they_o with_o that_o fury_n that_o he_o kill_v 2000_o and_o take_v a_o thousand_o horse_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o and_o twenty_o of_o his_o own_o men._n amurath_n come_v before_o stifegrade_v in_o may_n 1449._o he_o batter_v and_o assault_v the_o town_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o vast_a number_n of_o his_o best_a man_n during_o which_o time_n scanderbag_n often_o break_v into_o one_o part_n or_o other_o of_o his_o camp_n make_v a_o terrible_a destruction_n and_o then_o again_o retreat_v with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n at_o one_o time_n when_o amurath_n be_v give_v a_o assault_n to_o the_o city_n scanderbag_n be_v discover_v draw_v near_o to_o the_o turk_n camp_n and_o by_o amurath_n order_n be_v meet_v with_o by_o feri-bassa_n who_o long_o desire_v to_o fight_v with_o scanderbag_n be_v by_o he_o slay_v and_o his_o army_n rout_v with_o great_a loss_n but_o because_o all_o the_o turk_n army_n be_v at_o hand_n he_o speedy_o retreat_v from_o thence_o with_o his_o victorious_a army_n stifegrade_v be_v afterward_o betray_v and_o surrender_v but_o amurath_n lose_v before_o the_o city_n 30000_o of_o his_o best_a men._n at_o his_o
to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o by_o she_o have_v two_o son_n prince_n henry_n who_o be_v the_o great_a expectation_n of_o the_o enlish_a nation_n but_o sudden_o snatch_v away_o by_o death_n prince_n charles_n and_o the_o lady_n elizabeth_n marry_v to_o the_o prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n prince_n charles_n successor_n to_o his_o father_n and_o heir_n of_o three_o flourish_a kingdom_n after_o many_o battle_n where_o he_o show_v his_o undaunted_a courage_n as_o well_o as_o piety_n in_o his_o affliction_n be_v by_o a_o most_o unnatural_a most_o devilish_a and_o unparalleled_a rebellion_n murder_v by_o his_o subject_n never_o any_o prince_n be_v better_o qualify_v for_o a_o crown_n never_o any_o more_o patient_a in_o distress_n instead_o of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o these_o realm_n providence_n bestow_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n of_o martyrdom_n and_o his_o memory_n will_v ever_o continue_v precious_a in_o the_o remembrance_n of_o all_o his_o loyal_a subject_n he_o be_v too_o much_o a_o christian_n to_o continue_v long_o in_o peace_n governor_n over_o such_o a_o tumultuous_a people_n this_o nation_n have_v be_v happy_a many_o year_n in_o excellent_a wise_a and_o valiant_a prince_n who_o have_v protect_v we_o and_o our_o estate_n from_o foreign_a and_o intestine_a enemy_n our_o late_a king_n charles_n the_o ii_o of_o ever_o bless_a memory_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o field_n betimes_o to_o contend_v with_o cruelty_n rebellion_n and_o tyranny_n when_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o patrimony_n be_v add_v the_o loss_n of_o so_o good_a a_o father_n and_o the_o banishment_n of_o his_o friend_n his_o excellent_a courage_n be_v not_o deject_v but_o under_o so_o many_o aggravation_n of_o sorrow_n under_o so_o many_o press_v and_o grievous_a affliction_n as_o be_v send_v to_o welcome_v he_o into_o the_o world_n he_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v by_o his_o valour_n and_o conduct_n his_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n in_o scotland_n when_o he_o be_v to_o struggle_v with_o a_o seditious_a and_o troublesome_a generation_n and_o be_v to_o encounter_v with_o a_o victorious_a army_n of_o enemy_n his_o wisdom_n preserve_v his_o divide_a party_n from_o that_o ruin_n into_o which_o they_o be_v fall_v by_o their_o needless_a faction_n and_o at_o the_o unhappy_a battle_n of_o worcester_n king_n charles_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o diligent_a commander_n and_o a_o undaunted_a soldier_n by_o the_o confession_n of_o his_o great_a enemy_n but_o that_o which_o this_o brave_a prince_n attempt_v to_o obtain_v by_o his_o just_a arm_n providence_n procure_v to_o he_o by_o a_o miracle_n i_o mean_v the_o restauration_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n to_o their_o dignity_n and_o estate_n without_o any_o effusion_n of_o blood_n when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o enemy_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o to_o oppose_v they_o in_o this_o short_a summary_n of_o the_o hero_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n i_o can_v but_o mention_v our_o present_a king_n james_n the_o ii_o who_o great_a courage_n undaunted_a spirit_n and_o noble_a mind_n have_v be_v sufficient_o try_v both_o at_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o the_o field_n and_o furious_a and_o unreasonable_a combitation_n of_o factious_a spirit_n within_o the_o kingdom_n victory_n and_o success_n have_v always_o attend_v upon_o he_o and_o may_v this_o most_o excellent_a prince_n long_o continue_v over_o we_o in_o all_o prosperity_n and_o happiness_n and_o may_v his_o enemy_n lick_v the_o dust_n chap._n xliv_o of_o the_o conquest_n of_o france_n by_o king_n henry_n the_o v._o and_o several_a other_o remarkable_a passage_n in_o that_o famous_a war._n king_n henry_n the_o v._o for_o the_o recover_n of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o he_o upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n send_v over_o the_o duke_n of_o exeter_n his_o uncle_n with_o several_a noble_a man_n and_o 500_o horse_n to_o charles_n the_o vi_o of_o france_n to_o demand_v the_o crown_n and_o with_o it_o the_o princess_n catherine_n the_o french_a king_n daughter_n the_o dolphin_n in_o contempt_n of_o king_n henry_n youthful_a day_n send_v he_o in_o scorn_n a_o tunn_n of_o tennis_n ball_n to_o play_v with_o the_o king_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o scornful_a present_n that_o he_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v toss_v so_o many_o iron_n ball_n in_o france_n that_o the_o strong_a racket_n in_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o return_v they_o back_o it_o be_v no_o wisdom_n to_o provoke_v the_o weak_a enemy_n nor_o safe_a to_o contemn_v the_o mean_a power_n for_o that_o which_o be_v want_v in_o ability_n may_v be_v make_v good_a by_o diligence_n and_o policy_n king_n henry_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o his_o purpose_n transport_v over_o a_o army_n into_o france_n harflew_v be_v besiege_v and_o within_o six_o week_n take_v the_o soldier_n have_v liberty_n to_o plunder_v it_o a_o sudden_a distemper_n happen_v in_o the_o english_a army_n which_o destroy_v many_o of_o the_o stout_a soldier_n who_o be_v as_o much_o subject_n to_o death_n in_o their_o tent_n as_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n sword_n and_o the_o shower_n of_o shot_n the_o king_n leave_v a_o garrison_n in_o harflew_v and_o resolve_v by_o land_n to_o march_v to_o chalice_n with_o two_o thousand_o horse_n and_o thirteen_o thousand_o archer_n the_o dolphin_n with_o above_o thirty_o thousand_o at_o rohan_n resolve_v in_o council_n to_o sight_n the_o english_a at_o agincourt_n the_o constable_n of_o france_n come_v to_o the_o dolphin_n with_o ten_o thousand_o horse_n and_o some_o foot_n the_o french_a as_o their_o manner_n be_v boast_v of_o the_o victory_n before_o they_o have_v get_v it_o but_o they_o presume_v so_o much_o upon_o their_o number_n that_o they_o think_v to_o swallow_v up_o the_o english_a king_n henry_n have_v wise_o provide_v all_o thing_n for_o a_o fight_n he_o have_v get_v a_o number_n of_o stake_n strengthen_v with_o sharp_a iron_n at_o each_o end_n with_o they_o he_o fence_n in_o his_o foot_n that_o they_o may_v find_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n some_o defence_n against_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n horse_n the_o french_a army_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o battalion_n the_o first_o consist_v of_o 16000_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o constable_n the_o second_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n and_o barr_n the_o three_o be_v command_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o mark_n and_o damp._n the_o english_a vanguard_n be_v bring_v up_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n the_o main_a battle_n in_o which_o be_v the_o strong_a billman_n by_o the_o king_n assist_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n the_o earl_n of_o oxford_n and_o suffolk_n the_o rear_n be_v marshal_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o exeter_n the_o king_n uncle_n a_o ambush_n of_o english_a archer_n be_v place_v within_o a_o new_a hedge_n to_o receive_v and_o surprise_v the_o french_a at_o their_o first_o approach_n they_o do_v such_o good_a service_n with_o their_o shower_n of_o arrow_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o van_n of_o the_o french_a army_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o horse_n that_o they_o be_v overthrow_v and_o help_v to_o trample_v upon_o and_o disorder_v their_o foot_n in_o that_o hurly_n burly_n the_o english_a billman_n fall_v upon_o they_o with_o such_o fury_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v but_o at_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o french_a main_a battle_n the_o english_a retreat_v in_o order_n within_o their_o stake_n and_o where_o then_o follow_v by_o the_o french_a horse_n with_o more_o haste_n than_o discretion_n for_o they_o find_v themselves_o so_o entangle_v that_o many_o of_o the_o most_o furious_a lose_v their_o life_n here_o the_o king_n fight_v hand_n to_o hand_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n and_o beat_v he_o down_o and_o will_v have_v spare_v his_o life_n have_v not_o his_o guard_n kill_v he_o before_o he_o be_v aware_a when_o the_o two_o first_o battalion_n be_v overthrow_v the_o three_o have_v no_o stomach_n to_o go_v on_o to_o the_o charge_n and_o though_o they_o be_v the_o great_a number_n they_o flee_v and_o crave_v quarter_n which_o be_v grant_v but_o when_o a_o dreadful_a noise_n be_v hear_v from_o the_o english_a camp_n occasion_v by_o 600_o horse_n that_o fall_v in_o to_o plunder_v the_o english_a behind_o their_o back_n the_o king_n imagine_v that_o another_o army_n be_v come_v on_o to_o assault_v he_o and_o that_o so_o many_o thousand_o prisoner_n may_v rise_v up_o and_o endanger_v his_o army_n in_o the_o rear_n command_v they_o all_o to_o be_v flain_v for_o which_o he_o ever_o after_o be_v hearty_o sorry_a in_o this_o battle_n sell_v the_o constable_n and_o admiral_n of_o france_n the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n brabant_n and_o barre_n many_o earl_n 25_o baron_n 8000_o knight_n esquire_n and_o gentleman_n and_o many_o
crown_n of_o france_n to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n for_o the_o ligenr_n be_v never_o after_o in_o power_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o a_o field_n a_o discourse_n of_o engine_n use_v in_o war_n there_o be_v no_o art_n nor_o knowledge_n where_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n have_v be_v more_o active_a than_o in_o that_o of_o war_n and_o find_v out_o more_o wonderful_a and_o strange_a invention_n both_o for_o offence_n and_o defence_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o perform_v thing_n beyond_o his_o ordinary_a and_o natural_a strength_n either_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o reward_n and_o advantage_n propose_v or_o the_o necessity_n unto_o which_o he_o have_v be_v reduce_v or_o the_o importance_n of_o war_n upon_o which_o depend_v ostime_n the_o happiness_n or_o misery_n of_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o nation_n have_v sharpen_v his_o contrive_n faculty_n in_o this_o more_o than_o in_o other_o concern_v of_o this_o humane_a life_n the_o roman_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o empire_n and_o the_o subdue_a many_o warlike_a nation_n overcome_v they_o by_o the_o politic_a order_n of_o their_o militia_n and_o take_v their_o strong_a castle_n by_o invention_n of_o the_o wit_n of_o that_o age._n at_o the_o first_o besiege_v of_o a_o town_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o their_o trench_n to_o prevent_v all_o sudden_a surprise_v or_o sally_n then_o do_v they_o encompass_v in_o the_o town_n with_o fort_n line_n and_o trench_n to_o hinder_v all_o supply_n and_o provision_n from_o go_v to_o the_o besiege_a afterward_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o engine_n to_o force_v they_o to_o yield_v they_o raise_v a_o high_a mount_n with_o earth_n and_o faggot_n high_a than_o the_o wall_n to_o fight_v with_o great_a advantage_n this_o be_v call_v agger_fw-la they_o use_v also_o tower_n of_o wood_n which_o they_o can_v draw_v so_o near_o the_o enemy_n wall_n that_o they_o often_o leap_v from_o they_o into_o the_o city_n lucanus_n mention_n they_o both_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n by_o caesar_n lib._n 3._o stellatis_n axibus_fw-la agger_fw-la erigitur_fw-la geminasqe_a equante_n maenia_fw-la turres_n accipit_fw-la hae_fw-la nullo_n fixerunt_fw-la robore_fw-la terram_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la iter_fw-la longam_fw-la repsere_fw-la latenti_fw-la their_o balistae_fw-la be_v invention_n to_o cast_v great_a stone_n of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n or_o a_o number_n of_o arrow_n with_o that_o strength_n that_o nothing_o can_v well_o stand_v before_o they_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n cast_v violent_o upon_o the_o enemy_n do_v crush_v and_o beat_v they_o to_o piece_n and_o the_o shower_n of_o arrow_n fly_v out_o of_o this_o engine_n with_o a_o incredible_a violence_n do_v great_a execution_n the_o same_o poet_n describe_v it_o tenso_fw-la ballistae_fw-la turbine_fw-la rapta_fw-la haud_fw-la unam_fw-la contenta_fw-la latus_fw-la transire_fw-la quiescit_fw-la sed_fw-la pandens_fw-la perque_fw-la arma_fw-la viam_fw-la perque_fw-la ossa_fw-la relicta_fw-la morte_fw-la fugit_fw-la superest_fw-la telo_fw-la post_fw-la vulnera_fw-la cursus_fw-la at_o saxum_fw-la quoties_fw-la ingenti_fw-la ponderis_fw-la ictu_fw-la excutitur_fw-la qualis_fw-la rupes_fw-la quam_fw-la vertice_fw-la montis_fw-la abscidit_fw-la impulsu_fw-la ventorum_fw-la adjuta_fw-la vetustas_fw-la frangit_fw-la cuncta_fw-la ruens_fw-la nec_fw-la tantum_fw-la corpora_fw-la pressa_fw-la examinat_fw-la totos_fw-la cum_fw-la sanguine_fw-la dissipat_v artus_fw-la testudo_fw-la be_v another_o invention_n to_o secure_v their_o way_n to_o the_o wall_n or_o to_o their_o tower_n from_o the_o enemy_n arrow_n it_o be_v make_v like_o a_o penthouse_n support_v with_o beam_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o raw_a hide_n but_o this_o word_n be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o continue_a number_n of_o buckler_n hold_v up_o together_o by_o the_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v march_v under_o the_o enemy_n wall_n by_o which_o they_o do_v protect_v their_o head_n from_o great_a stone_n and_o other_o weighty_a thing_n cast_v upon_o they_o the_o roman_n vinea_fw-la be_v another_o engine_n use_v by_o they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o undermine_v or_o work_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n to_o overthrow_v they_o it_o be_v make_v of_o hurdle_n and_o plank_n and_o sometime_o cover_v over_o with_o raw_a hide_n to_o prevent_v burn_v the_o soldier_n be_v secure_v under_o it_o from_o the_o enemy_n dart_n and_o violent_a endeavour_n but_o when_o the_o army_n give_v a_o general_a assault_n they_o have_v another_o invention_n name_v musculi_fw-la to_o cover_v their_o body_n in_o the_o approach_n pluteus_fw-la be_v another_o engine_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o a_o vinea_fw-la these_o differ_a name_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o shape_n and_o form_n which_o these_o several_a contrivance_n have_v now_o for_o offence_n beside_o the_o forenamed_a balistae_fw-la they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o engine_n call_v onager_fw-la to_o cast_v stone_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o another_o invention_n name_v scorpio_n to_o fling_v dart_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o falces_fw-la murales_fw-la to_o pull_v down_o the_o stone_n of_o a_o wall_n and_o level_v the_o breach_n for_o a_o more_o commodious_a assault_n but_o there_o be_v no_o instrument_n more_o useful_a to_o they_o than_o their_o aries_n so_o name_v because_o it_o be_v head_v with_o iron_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o ram_n horn_n it_o be_v a_o great_a beam_n weigh_v and_o lift_v up_o and_o force_v against_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o town_n sometime_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o soldier_n with_o rope_n and_o powly_n sometime_o by_o another_o contrivance_n this_o aries_n do_v common_o batter_v down_o the_o strong_a and_o thick_a wall_n of_o mortar_n and_o stone_n therefore_o caesar_n observe_v that_o some_o of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o gaul_n be_v build_v with_o beam_n across_o to_o strengthen_v they_o against_o the_o violent_a impulse_n of_o this_o great_a and_o strong_a engine_n of_o which_o the_o poet_n speak_v nunc_fw-la aries_n suspenso_fw-la fatior_fw-la ictu_fw-la incussus_fw-la densi_fw-la compagem_fw-la solvere_fw-la muri_fw-la tentat_fw-la &_o impositis_fw-la unum_fw-la subducere_fw-la saxis_fw-la most_o of_o these_o engine_n and_o other_o use_v by_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n in_o their_o war_n be_v now_o out_o of_o date_n because_o our_o warfare_n in_o these_o day_n be_v altogether_o another_o thing_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o gun_n and_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n have_v proceed_v further_a than_o ever_o they_o do_v to_o find_v out_o strange_a instrument_n of_o a_o great_a strength_n and_o more_o powerful_a operation_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o most_o modern_a engine_n and_o invention_n now_o common_o use_v in_o war._n of_o great_a gun_n since_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n gun_n have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v more_o serviceable_a and_o easy_a to_o command_v and_o procure_v than_o other_o weapon_n before_o use_v in_o their_o stead_n and_o for_o great_a gun_n they_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o enemy_n with_o their_o dreadful_a noise_n and_o thunder_a and_o be_v more_o commodious_a than_o either_o the_o roman_n ram_n or_o their_o balista_n for_o to_o do_v execution_n upon_o man_n or_o wall_n but_o though_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o defect_n in_o great_a gun_n that_o they_o can_v be_v so_o easy_o manage_v as_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o play_v so_o soon_o and_o so_o speedy_o as_o sudden_a occasion_n may_v require_v their_o fury_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v by_o the_o nimbleness_n of_o the_o foot_n or_o by_o the_o gallop_n of_o the_o horse_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v out_o such_o a_o invention_n as_o may_v add_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o great_a gun_n the_o swiftness_n of_o a_o horse_n i_o conceive_v there_o be_v no_o body_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n can_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o small_a party_n furnish_v therewith_o such_o thing_n may_v be_v find_v out_o as_o may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o time_n of_o need_n but_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o great_a gun_n these_o be_v the_o ordinary_a name_n with_o their_o usual_a proportion_n the_o canon_n be_v about_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n long_o of_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13_o or_o 14_o inch_n diameter_n if_o the_o shot_n weigh_v 110_o pound_n there_o be_v require_v of_o corn_n powder_n 76_o pound_n for_o to_o charge_v the_o gun_n and_o so_o proportionable_a of_o the_o big_a or_o lesser_a cannon_n the_o dragon_n of_o double_a culverin_n weigh_v 14000_o pound_n and_o shoot_v 357_o pace_n level_a 4252_o pace_n at_o random_n the_o whole_a culverin_n weigh_v 8500_o pound_n be_v about_o 13_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o shoot_v level_a 415_o pace_n and_o at_o random_n about_o 3700_o pace_n the_o demi-culvering_n weigh_v 4600_o pound_n be_v about_o 9_o or_o 10_o foot_n long_o shoot_v level_a 235_o pace_n the_o saker_n ordinary_a be_v about_o 9_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o weigh_v 2650_o pound_n shoot_v