Dunotter Castle Dunbarton Castle vvith severall others so that the whole Realme of Scotland was after a passage gain'd into Fife with little or no difficulty subdued and made tributary to the Republique of England The Scots Army The Scots enter the City of Worcester after many halts and skirmishes long and taedious marches vveakned in their bodies and distracted in their mindes decreasing rather then increasing at length put into Worcester whence the King sent out his Letters mandatory to Sr Thomas Middleton to raise forces for him and to Col. Mackworth Governour of Shrewsbury to the like purpose as he did to others also but without successe He vvas likewise proclaim'd King of Great Britain France and Irelrnd in most places vvhere he came which blast of Honour like Jonah's Gourd quickly vanisht for alas by this project of theirs of coming into England they run themselves into inevitable danger as the Poet sayes Decidit in Syllam qui vult vitare Charybdim being environed on all sides with the Militia Forces of the severall Counties of the Nation besides Gen. Cromwels Army they so much dreaded there was likewise a considerable body of Horse and Foot under Maj. Gen. Lambert and Harrison that attended their motions Col. Robert Lilburne was left in Lancashire to hinder the Earl of Derby from raising Forces in those parts other parties were dispos'd into severall other places to hinder the enemy of Provision or stop their flight as occasion should be The Earl of Derby being landed as vvas expected at Wyewater in Lancashire with about 300 Gentlemen and others endeavour'd to raise the Country while the English were busied at Worcester and in short space by the accession of Papist Royallists and discontented Presbyterians they encreas'd to the number of 1500 Gen. Cromwels Regiment of Foot being then at Manchester was appointed to meet Col. Lilburn at Preston To prevent this conjunction The Earl of Derby routed in Lancashire the enemy bent their course towards Manchester to surprize the said Regiment whereupon Col. Lilburn assay'd to flank the enemy in their march and by that means to joyn with those Foot which the enemy perceiv'd and prest to engage Now though Col. Lilburn was overmatcht with Foot in point of number whereby the dispute proved taedious and difficult yet in the space of an hour the enemy was totally routed many persons of quality were taken as Col. Leg Col. John Robinson Col. Bayns Col. Gerard 4 Lieut. Col. 1 Major 4 Captains 2 Lieutenants 20 Gentlemen and Reformadoes 500 Common Souldiers with all their baggage Sumpters Arms and Ammunition the Earl of Derby's George Garter and other robes with badges of the Order but he himself escaped and recovered Worcester There vvere slain the Lord Widrington Sr Thomas Tildesly Col. Matth. Boynton Sr William Throgmorton Sr Francis Gamuel with some other inferior Officers and about 60 private Souldiers Of the Parliaments Party but 10 were slain but many wounded For this peece of service Col. Lilburn was bountifully rewarded as he indeed deserved Gen. Cromwell who by delayes never contributed to approaching dangers with his Army came to Worcester before he was either expected or desired by his Adversaries whenas the whole Army was presently disposed about the City in order to a close begirting thereof The first remarkable attempt was the possessing a Passe upon the Severne at a place called Upton which was done by a party led on by Maj. Gen. Lambert and was presently made good by Lieut. Gen. Fleetwoods Brigade who marched towards the River Teame over which was made a Bridge of Boats and another over Severne on the Generals side upon which the enemy took the Alarme and drew out Horse and Foot to oppose the Lieut. Generals passage to whose relief there was commanded over Colonell Inglesbyes and Col. Fairfax Regiments of Foot the Generals Lifeguard and Col. Hackers Regiment of Horse all which were led on by Gen. Cromwell in person then was commanded over likewise Col. Goffs and Maj. Gen. Deans Regiments who sell to scouring the hedges which the enemy had lined and beat them from hedge to hedge and being seconded by a fresh supply after about an hours sharp dispute the enemy was forced to give ground and fly to Powick bridge where with about three Regiments more they maintained another hot dispute but at length quitted their ground also and ran into Worcester except some that were taken After which renewing their courage they drew out what Horse and Foot they could on the Generals side thinking most of his Army had been on the other side making a bold and resolute sally wherby the Generals men were forced a little to retire but the scales presently turn'd and in such sort that the enemy was totally routed both Horse and Foot their Works and Fort-Royall were taken and their Canon turned upon themselves the Town also was straitway entred and sack'd The Scots routed at Worcester Sept. 3. 5651. most of the Scots Infantry were slain and taken but of their Horse above 3000 escap'd of which Col. Barton lying about Bewdly with some Horse and Dragoons took neer upon a thousand Col. Lilburn with the Gener. Regiment of Foot met with the Earl of Derby that lately so narrowly mist his hands with the Earl of Lauderdaile and above an hundred persons of quality more In this engagement and the gleanings thereof there were taken Prisoners neer 10000 and about 3000 slain Those of Quality taken were Duke Hamilton Earl Lauderdaile Earl of Rothes Earl of Carnwarth Earl of Shrewsbury Sir John Packington Sir Charles Cunningham Sir Ralph Clare Lo. Spine Lord Sinclare Earl of Cleveland Earl of Derby Earl of Kelly Col. Graves Mr Richard Fanshaw Secretary to the Scots King 6 Col. of Horse 13 of Foot 9 Lieu. Col. of Horse 8. of Foot 6 Majors of Horse 13 Maj. of Foot 37 Capt. of Horse 72 Capt. of Foot 55 Quartermasters of Horse 89 Lieutenants of Foot Maj. Gen. Pitscotty Maj. Gen. Montgomery the Lieutenant Gen. of the Ordnance Adjut Generall of the Foot the Marshall Quartermaster Generall Waggonmaster Generall 76 Cornets of Horse 99 Ensignes of Foot 30 of the Kings servants 9 Ministers 9 Chirurgions 158 Colours the Kings Standard Coach and Horses with other rich goods and his collar of SS Many Parties were taken besides in severall other places as Warwickshire Shropshire Lancashire Cheshire Yorkshire c. insomuch that few of that great Body escaped but were either killed or taken Maj. Gen. Massey being sorely wounded surrendred himself to the Countesse of Stamford and by the Lord Grey of Groby her Sonne was secur'd and sent to London whence in short space he made an escape In another place was taken Maj. Gen. Middleton and Lieut. Gen. David Lesley so that I may say the gleanings of this Victory were not much inferior to the harvest thereof Neer this time most of the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland were taken at a place called Ellet in that Nation where
in a short time by the Lords assistance to obtain what now I demand I expect your answer by 7. of the Clock tomorrow morning and rest To the Governour of Hume Castle Your Servant George Fenwick Right Honourable I Have received a Trumpeter of yours as he tels me without the Passe to render Hume Castle to the Lord Generall Cromwell Please you I never saw your General nor knew your Generall as for Hume Castle it stands upon a rock Given at Hume Castle this day before 7 a clock so resteth without prejudice to my Native Countrey For the Governour of Barwick Your most humble Servant assaulted and taken Th. Cockburne Notwithstanding this resolute and conceited answer when the English with their Culverin and morter-piece had opened a small breach the Enemy beat a parley and because they might not have such conditions as they would they were forc't to take such as they could get viz. to surender upon mercy which was done accordingly Then Col. Monk with about 3 Regiments of Horse and Foot laid Siege to Tymptallon Castle against which they plaid with their mortar-pieces for the space of 48 hours but did them no hurt then they plaid at the Castle with 6 battering Guns Timptallon Castle taken which did such notable execution that the Enemy beat a parley and desired terms to march away but none would be granted save that they should yeeld themselves to mercy which was at last accepted and the Castle yeelded with all the Guns Arms Ammunition and provision therein The taking of this Castle was of great concernment to the English who were ever and anon taken and rifled by the Garrison So that now the passage from Edenburgh to Barwick was in a manner cleer Notwithstanding which and all the care that had been used the English were daily surpriz'd and murdered in small stragling parties insomuch that Gen. Cromwell was forc't for the safeguard of his men to publish and strictly to put in execution the following Proclamation FInding that divers under my command are not only daily spoiled and robbed but also sometimes barbarously and inhumanely slain by a sort of out-laws and robbers not under the discipline of any Army and finding that all our tendernesse to the Countrey produceth no better effect then their compliance with and protection of such persons and considering that it is in the power of the Countrey to detect and discover them many of them being inhabitants of those places where commonly the out-rage is committed and perceiving that their motion is ordinarily by the invitation and according to intelligence given them by Countreymen I do therefore declare that wheresoever any under my command shall be hereafter robbed or spoiled by such parties I will require life for life and a plenary satisfaction for their Goods of those Parishes and places where the fact shall be committed unlesse they shall discover and produce the offender and this I wish all persons to take notice of that none may pleade ignorance Given under my hand at Edinburgh Novemb. 5. 1650. O. Cromwell Hereupon severall Sums of Money were levied upon such Parishes and places where any Robberies or Murthers were committed and likewise such persons as were found to abett act or assist in the perpetrating any murthers were forthwith condemned and executed according to the tenour of the aforesaid Proclamation The English in the next place design'd the reducing of Brunt Island and in order thereto they ship'd some of their Infantry but either through the ignorance mistake or neglect of the chief Commander the design for that time was frustrated Gen. Cromwell with his Army marched from Edenburgh and assay'd severall times to passe over into Fife but the violent season and difficult passage forc't them to betake themselves to their former Quarters which were the more comfortable by reason of the Fleet of Ships that arriv'd at Lieth with plenty of provisions for Horse and Man one whereof bound from Hamburgh with cheese by distresse of weather was driven into the North of Scotland where it was seized but the Master pretended he was bound for Haver de Grace in France and producing old Cockets importing as much he was dismist and a Scotch-man put himself and goods aboard for France whereupon they set sail and about the Frith were boarded by an Irish Man of Warre who would have carried the Vessell to Ireland alledging they were bound for Lieth the Master stood to his former relation and desired they would take the report of a Scotchman who was aboard so that forthwith they left her and she came safe into Leith whence the Scotchman was sent home to carry the News These with many other the supplies that were sent from England were a great heartning to the Souldiers in the midst of those many hardships they were expos'd to by diseases and otherwise of which the General himself had as great a share as any for he had so many violent fits of the contagious disease of that Countrey that brought him even to the brink of death yet the weaknesse and want of the Generall did neither abate the Souldiers courage nor retard the enterprises they design'd for compleating their work although other difficulties presented themselves as so many mountains of opposition viz. the number of their enemies dispersed all along the other side of the river to prevent their Landing the danger of the passage it self and the unseasonablenesse of the weather these impediments with the weak condition of the English hindred any further proceedings for some space of time During which Intervall there hapned as remarkable an accident in England as any Story can parallel which for the strangenesse and rarity thereof may well merit my pains to recite and the Readers patience to peruse At Oxford the famous and renowned Nursery of humane Literature was tried condemned and executed Anne Green a Servant to Sir Thomas Read at Ounstu in that shire who being with childe by a Gentleman in that House as she affirmed to the last about the fourth moneth of her time over-working her self fell in travell and not knowing what it might be went to the House of Office where with some straining the Childe fell from her unaware as she said being not above a span long and something appearing in her Linnen that caused suspicion search was made and an abortive Infant found on the top of the House of Office so that 3 daies after being in that time before some Justices of the Peace she was carried Prisoner to Oxford where she was condemned and hang'd in the Castle-yard After she had hung about half an hour during which time she was puld by the Legs Anne Green hang'd at Oxford afterward she reviv'd and is yet alive and strook on the Breast by divers of her friends and others that she might be out of her pain she was cut down put into a Coffin and brought to a House to be dissected before some Physicians When they opened the Coffin they
make an hostile attempt upon that place but it being demanded of the States of Holland what was the designe of their Fleet in riding so neer that Island it was answered That they had no other designe therein but to demand restitution of such Ships and Goods as the Pyrates thereof had taken from their People with which answer the Parliament were somewhat satisfied but not to trust them too far speedy order was taken for reducing the same into their own hands Accordingly on the 18th of April 1651. Gen. Blake with the addition of a squadron of Ships commanded by Sr George Aiscue The Islands of Scilly reduc'd that were designed for reducing of the Carybe Islands set sail and landed 300 Seamen besides Landmen upon the Isle The Seamen with much resolution courage and gallantry led the van and easily made way for the rest so that they soon became masters of the Islands of Tresco and Briers took therein 150 Prisoners and slew abut 20 they took also two considerable Frigots the one of 18 the other of 32 Guns they likewise became Masters of the best Harbour belonging to those Islands hence the enemy fled to St Maries their chief place of strength which in short time was surrendred As to the exceeding great strength and commodious scituation of these Islands I need not say much for who so knowes those parts or hath observ'd the Card will see what a necessity there was of reducing the same and what a seasonable mercy God was pleased to Crown their endeavours withall that they should gain so considerable a place as that being fortified both by Nature and Art without the losse of ten men from first to last Upon mis-information of the State of Cornet Castle in the Isle of Guernsey Cornet Castle in Guernsey assaulted but in vain that then held out for the Royall party a considerable number of Foot with Ladders and all things necessary gave an onset but whereas it was reported and beleeved that there was but 40 men in the Castle and 18 of them unable for service it appeared aftewards that there was 60 able men therein enough to keep it against a far greater number then was before it so that their Ladders were beaten down and broken with stones timber and case-shot from the flankers and many of the Souldiers both slain and wounded insomuch that it proved a work too hot for the assailants nor was there more safety in getting off one or two Boats full of men being sunk by shot from the Castle but how badly soever the businesse succeeded the Souldiers were not in the least wanting in their duties There was executed at Towerhill one that had been a notorious stickler for the Royall party by Sea and Land Brown-Bushell beheaded at Tower-hill for severall crimes of bloud and treachery acted by him while he was in the service of the Parliament and after his revolt known by the Name of Brown Bushell And now once more let us advance Northward and observe the motions of the two Armies Blacknesse taken by the English The English desirous to gain upon their adversaries as much as consisted with policy and their own safety with a commanded party under Col. Monk set down before Blacknesse that had much annoyd their Quarters by sheltring loose rogues and otherwise After the batteries were made and some shot spent at it they desired Quarter which considering the strength of the place was granted and the place forthwith yeelded On the other side the Scots begun to be both powerful and numerous to the eye For notwithstanding the many parties and Factions Strifes Aemulations Contentions Divisions Subdivisions Excommunications c. they peec't up an agreement such as it was to the seeming satisfaction of all the dissenters And now they joyn against the common Enemy having their greatest hopes wrapt up in a most notable design and confederacy hatcht by the Royall Covenanters of England and Scotland whereby a generall rising in the County of Lancaster and parts adjacent was contrived who by joyning with a considerable force from Scotland should have been able to confront the greatest power the Parliament then had and this plot had its rise and progresse from the Clergy those foeudatories of Rebellion and treason but by Gods Providence was seasonably discovered the Grand Agent hereof was Thomas Cook of Graies Inne Esquire who was apprehended and carried before the Councell of State at White-Hall whence he made his escape but in few daies after was retaken at a House in the Strand Next discovery was by means of a Ship bound from the North of Scotland to the Isle of Man which by contrary windes was driven into Ayre and there secur'd and searcht wherein were found many notable Papers giving further light into the businesse Not long after this a Party of Horse and Dragoons marched to Grenock near Dunbarton where they seiz'd Mr Birkenhead another Agent for the Royall designs about whom they found such Letters Commissions and Instructions that therein their whole plot was discovered Upon which the Parliament ordered that a considerable body of Horse and Foot should march Northward under the command of Major Generall Harrison both to prevent insurrections and likewise to oppose the Enemy if they should make an inrode by the way of Carlisle At London was under question the most eminent actors in and contributors to the plot aforesaid viz. Mr Christopher Love Major Alford Maj. Adams Col. Barton Mr Blackmore Mr Case Mr Cauton Dr Drake Mr Drake Capt. Farr Mr Gibbons Mr Haviland Major Huntington Mr Jenkins Mr Jaquel Mr Jackson Lieut. Col. Jackson Capt. Mussey Mr Nalton Capt. Potter Mr Robinson Mr Sterks Col. Sowton Col. Vaughan and others of all which there suffered onely two viz. Mr Love and Mr Gibbons Mr Love and Mr. Gibbons executed Now Mr Love although by many circumlocutions sleights and evasions he striv'd to clear himself yet besides the witnesses of his own party that testified against him he was everted out of his own Narrative as also out of the severall Petitions presented by him to the Parliament in his own behalf after he was condemn'd which did but procure him a short respit from death for on the 22. of August 1651 he with Mr Gibbons aforesaid were beheaded on Towerhill the rest upon their humble Petitions and acknowledgements of their crimes were releast and pardoned And high time it was that such an exemplary piece of justice should be inflicted upon the proud and obdurate Clergy who till then thought themselves out of the reach of Magistraticall power and that their Function might cloke their actions but let them know that Magistracy is an Ordinance of God as well as Ministry for there is no power but of God and the powers that are are ordained of God Therefore it would not be amisse if our Governours in some particulars would imitate the Republique of Venice First By not admitting Ecclesiastical persons into secular Councels because
they have relation to another Government viz. Pontificiall 2. By having a speciall care to the Pulpit and the Presse that no Church-man from the meanest Priest to the Patriarch dare tamper with the affairs designs or transactions of the State It being too well known saith my Authour that Church-men are the most perilous and pernicious instruments in a State Howels Survey of the Signiory of Venice if they misapply their Talents to poyson the hearts of the people to intoxicate their brains suscitate them to sedition and a mislike of the Government and they have more power to do this in regard they have the sway over the noblest part of the creature the soul and intellectualls therefore if any meedle with State-matters in the Pulpit they are punisht in an extraordinary severe manner and this saith he is alledg'd for one main reason why the Venetian Republique hath kept their Liberties inviolable and if it shall please God to put it into the hearts of our Governours to take the like course no doubt but we shall have the like blessing There hapned much about this time a petty Insurrection in Wales A rising in Wales two or three hundred being got together in behalf of the Scots King whom telltale Fame that hath continuall credence with the fickle multitude had possest with pleasing and yet untrue news of the defeating Gen. Cromwels Army and the advance of the Scots into England which prosperous attempt had an event suitable to the undertaking viv confusion and destruction The English being now desirous to put a period to the warre in Scotland by gaining a passage over the river into Fife for the facilitating their work and more easie transportation caused severall boats to be made with which they gave many great Alarms to the Enemy on the other side as also to those in Brunt Island in order to what they futher intended The Scots also made many infals upon the out-quarters and Garisons of the English wherein they had frequently good successe killing some and slaying others having the advantage of the English by their knowledge of the Countrey for prevention whereof orders were given out for drawing off their remotest Garisons and contracting their Quarters which was done accordingly and the Army put into a marching posture for Fife for which purpose Blacknesse was made their Magazine but the Ground not yet affording either Grasse or Oats the enterprise was further suspended The Scots having compleated their Levies to the Number of 15000 Foot and 6000 Horse marched on this side Sterling to a place called Torwood where they were faced by the English but would not be drawn to an Engagement yet still lay encamp'd behind bogs and inaccessible fastnesses on purpose to delay the Warre Upon which the English resolved to land some Forces on Fife side The English gain a passage over into Fife and for that end there was drawn out 1600 Foot and 4 Troops of Horse commanded by Col. Overton who attempted to land at Queens Ferry which on the 17th of July 1651. with the losse of about six men was effected and presently they fell to intrench themselves while this was doing the Lord Gen. Cromwell with his Army marcht close up to the Enemy that in case they had marcht towards Fife he might have engaged their rear before they could have reacht Sterling The Scots receiving the Alarm the same day forthwith sent a considerable party of Horse and Foot to the number of 4000 under Sir John Brown to drive the English out of Fife upon which Gen. Cromwell sent Maj. Gen. Lambert with two Regiments of Horse and two of Foot to re-enforce the other party who in 24 hours were ferryed over and joyned upon which Col. Okey with his Regiment fell in among the Enemy whereby they were forc't to draw into a Battalia as did the English also who were more in number then the Enemy though to equalize that they had greater advantages of ground In this posture they continued facing each other about an hour and half whereupon the English resolved to attempt the Enemy by ascending the Hill which being done after a short dispute the Scots were utterly routed 4000 of the Scots routed slain and taken 2000 or thereabouts were slain and 1400 taken Prisoners whereof Sir John Brown the Commander in chief was one with Col. Buchanan and many others of quality Of the English there was few slain but many wounded A further additional strength of horse and foot were sent into Fife so to strengthen the English that they might be able to encounter the whole body of the Scots Army if occasion required Immediately upon this Inchigarvey Castle surrendred to the English was surrendred to the English the strong Castle of Inchigarvey scituate on a rock in the midst of the Fryth between Queens-Ferry and North-Ferry wherein were 16 pieces of Ordnance July 27. The whole English Army appeared before Brunt-Island and sent in a Summons for rendition thereof unto which the Governour returned a modest answer and the next day accepted a Parley Commissioners on both sides were chosen and after some debate it vvas agreed that the said Island Brunt-Island surrendred to the English with all the Provisions Guns and Shipping of Warre should be delivered into the hands of the English c. and that all the Officers and Souldiers in the said Island should march away with Colours flying Matches lighted and Bullet in mouth This place vvas of much concernment to the English and served for a store-house of all necessary supplies for the support of their Army Thence the Army marched without stay to St. Johns-Town a place of great strength and importance St Johns-Town yeelded to the English into vvhich the enemy had newly boated a Regiment of Foot yet when the English broke down their sluces and let the water out of the Graff the enemies courage failed them so that it was in short space deliver'd This vvas no sooner done but the main body of the English Army vvere constrained to attend more eminent service viz. the pursuit of the Scots King who with an Army of about 16000 Horse and Foot had slipt into England by the vvay of Carlisle The Scots enter England by the way of Carlisle accordingly most of the Infantry vvere boated over to Lieth vvith as much expedition as could be and presently after the Horse Orders vvere immediately given to Maj. Gen. Lambert to march vvith 3000 Horse and Dragoons and if he could to get into the rear of the enemy Maj. Gen. Harrison vvas ordered likewise to get into their van to stop them and do vvhat further he thought fit besides these there was about 16 Regiments of Horse and Foot vvith Gen. Cromwell upon their march after the enemy And to prosecute the affairs of Scotland Liev. Gen. Monke vvas left vvith a party of 7000 Horse and Foot vvho straitway took in the strong Town and Castle of Sterling Aberdeen Abernethy Dundee
till he heard from the Prince of Orange yet a little after he thought fit to quit his station and retire yet the Deputies of Holland being fast in the Castle of Lovenstaine the Prince of Orange had the advantage of making his own conditions which were these 1. That the Town of Amsterdam shall agree with the other six Provinces for continuing the Militia as it is now setled for four or five years 2. That the Prince shall repair to their City at pleasure and be received upon his entry with all respect and reverence as was used in times past to his predecessors Lieutenants of Holland and have access into their Assemblies 3. That the Lords of Amsterdam shall at the next Assembly of the States use their utmost endeavours to allay all jealousies and to reconcile differences in reference to the late action and bury all in oblivion 4. That the Lords Andrew and Cornelius Bicher shall forthwith be removed from Government with respect had to their good Names Integrity and future Security and if after they have had conference with his Highnesse the Prince of Orange he shall persist in his opinion touching them that then they shall be rendred uncapable of any Government hereafter Now though by this means he brought the States under his Lure and subjugated them to his humour yet this was not the prize he run for his greatest hopes and highest thoughts being fix'd on that inexhaustible treasure then in the bank at Amsterdam with which he might not only have rais'd his declining state but also mount to an absolute degree of Soveraignty and Supremacy over that people and likewise might have contributed much towards the repairing the despicable and needy fortunes of his Brother in Law the Scots King to the troubling and disquieting the peace and tranquillity of these three Nations to all which it pleased God of his goodnesse to give a check The State of France had likewise a plentifull share in those incumbrances and common calamities that are incident to Nations and people by reason of forreign and domestique broyls The present Cardinall Mazarine was lookt upon as the very efficient cause of all their civill discords and the only eye-soar of that miserable people not much unlike the late blazing Star of Canterbury in England both Church men and yet both Statesmen of like Interest with their King and of like power over the people both alike emulated by the Nobility for their Greatnesse and of the Commonalty for their grievances But like Fate hath not befell them For this Cardinall is neither out of favour with his Prince nor is he fallen into the hands of the people for though they have often shewed their teeth it hath never been in their power to bite For during the minority of the present King of France Lewis the 14. the sole management of State-affairs hath been in the hands of the Queen Regent and her beloved Favourite Cardinall Mazarine at which after some years forbearance the chief of the Nobility utter'd their discontents both privately and publikely whereupon three of them were arrested and sent to prison viz. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conde Armant de Bourbon Prince of Conti and the Duke of Longueville this administred fresh occasion to the people to breathe out their discontents those of Burdeaux against the Duke of Espernon more especially but all against the Cardinall So that on a sudden the whole Kingdome was inflam'd with civil wars and the appurtenances thereunto belonging The principall promoters of and actors in those tumults were two famous Amazones the Princesse of Conde and the Dutchesse of Longueville in behalf of their imprison'd husbands Many others of quality appear'd also in their behalf and to make themselves the more formidable contracted an underhand bargain with the Spaniard who greedy to fish in such troubled waters supplied them with considerable summes of money The Parliaments of Burdeaux Paris Dijon Tholouse c. countenanced these designs in opposition to the Cardinall and his creatures So that in short space Armies were raised on both sides Towns garrison'd taken and re-taken many mens lives lost and the Countrey prey'd upon by all parties The Spaniard being not only a fomenter of but an actor in these portentous divisions for by this means he had the opportunity to march to and fro in that Nation without any considerable opposition taking Garrisons and wasting the Countrey at his pleasure These Insurrections after many ebbing and flowings strange Revolutions and transmigrations too tedious here to insert at length produc'd the liberty of the Princes the withdrawing the Duke of Espernon from Bourdeaux the banishing the Cardinall with all his kindred and friends from the Court and Kingdom yet was he longer banishing then banished for it was not many moneths ere he return'd in great pomp and glory to the extream grief of his old malecontents and competitors the Prince of Conde the Duke of Orleance and others as appears by the present troubles wherewith that servile people is yet afflicted where praying for their deliverance I shall leave them and return to the more proper subject of this discourse viz. the English affairs in Scotland The moneth of August was neer done and little action perform'd save the taking of Collington house and Readhall by storm and in it the Laird Hamilton Major Hamilton and 60 Souldiers 60 Barrels of Pouder 100 Arms great store of Meal Malt Beer Wine and other rich plunder This was done on the 24th of Aug. 1650. The body of the English Army remov'd forthwith from Pencland Hills to Collington Readhall and other parts within a mile of the whole Army of the Scots on the 27th both Armies march'd side by side a great bog only betwixt them which hindred an engagement yet the great Guns plaid on both sides Aug. 28th the Canon from the English Camp plaid hard upon the Enemy and greatly annoy'd them all which provoked them not to fight but still they kept within the protection of the Bog The English being in some want of Provisions drew off to their old Quarters at Pencland Hills then with much difficulty to Mussleburrough to recruit which done they drew off their Forces quitted their Garrisons and marched to Haddington the Scots attending on their right wing fell into their Quarters with a resolute Party and were as valiantly repuls'd by a Regiment of Foot commanded by Coll. Fairfax Septemb. 1. The Scots being so advantagiously drawn up at the west end of the Town the English drew Eastward into fair and champion ground fit for both Armies to engage in but finding after severall hours expectation of the enemies approach that they would not move after them but to dog them to advantages they marched towards Dunbar whether the Scots mov'd apace after them and at a Passe endeavoured to fall upon the rear which the English perceiving fac'd about to fight them whereupon the Scots drew off to the Hills perceiving their advantage lay there to impede the
English at the Passe at Copperspeth which being effected they brag'd they had the English in Essex his pound meaning they had them upon the same lock the King had the Earl of Essex at in Cornwall so ready are men to promise wonders to themselves while they confer but with their own desires The English were indeed invironed with all manner of apparent dangers their Forces were lessned their bodies weakned with Fluxes their strength wasted with watchings in want of drink wet and cold weather they were alwaies accompanied with and much impaired in point of courage 2000 at least being disabled for present service were sent at severall times to Barwick The Generall and his Councell of Officers finding the Army unfit for further delayes The Scots defeated at Dunbar resolved next morning to break through that their â—sraelitish condition by falling on the right wing of the Scots and either force a passage that way or perish in the attempt and being imbattail'd by break of day accordingly they fell upon the enemy with Horse and Foot very unanimously who to hinder the English at a Passe drew up all their Horse upon their right wing and valiantly receiv'd the onset The Word of the English was The Lord of Hosts and that of the Scots was The Covenant The English as men indued with new strength from on high vigorously prest forward as resolved to become absolute vanquishers or to die Martyrs After one hours sharp dispute the Scots were wholly routed their Cavilry fled and the Infantry were all or most of them slain and taken to the number of about 15000. There were taken 200 Colours 10 Collonels 12 Lieutenant Collonels 9 Majors 47 Captains 72 Lieutenants 80 Ensignes besides Cornets and Quartermasters 22 Pieces of Ordnance with severall smaller Pieces about 15000 Arms those of Quality taken were the Lord Libberton and his Sonne the Lord Cranston Sr James Lumsdale Liutenant Gen. of the Foot Adjutant Gen. Bickerton Scoutmaster Generall Cambill c. At this engagement all the Forces of the English would not amount to 1200 and the Scots were in number more then 20000. And as there was a generall Fast throughout England to implore a blessing from Heaven upon the proceedings of their Army in Scotland so likewise there was appointed a solemne day of Thanksgiving to Almighty God for this mighty Victory obtain'd over the Scots in the fields of Dunbar Sept. 3. 1650. in the observation whereof many of the Clergy shew'd themselves very froward and obstinate of whom I shall have occasion to speak more hereafter Scot. 7th 4 Regiments of Foot marched into Lieth where they found 37 Guns mounted on Platforms some Shot and Ammunition with store of wealth The same day the Lord Gen. Cromwell drew the rest of his Army both Horse and Foot into Edenburrough without any losse save the Arm of a Souldier taken off by a Canon bullet from the Castle Sept. 6th being Sabbath day Generall Cromwell sent a Trumpeter into the Castle to invite the Ministers to come to their severall Charges which they refused so that the English supplied their places For some certain time the Army was busied in compleating the Fortifications at Lieth the most commodious Harbor for their accommodation in all Scotland Gen. Cromwell after he had caused a Protection for Markets and Liberty of Trade in Edenburrough and Lieth to be proclaimed by beat of Drum and sound of Trumpet marched forward Sep. 14th with his Army to Netherish 6 miles from Edenburrough leaving Maj. Gen. Overton with his Brigade behind Sep. 15th the Army marched beyond Linlithgow but by reason of the extremity of the weather they were forc't to quarter there that night Sep. 16th they marched towards Falkirke and from thence Sep. 17th within a mile of Sterling Sep. 18th a Councell of Warre was called and a Letter drawn up to be sent into the Town expressing their constant affection to and tendernesse of the People of Scotland which though they had not taken the desired effect yet being so far advanc'd into the Country with their Army they now desired them to take into consideraiton their former Papers and deliver up that place for the service of the Commonwealth of England A Trumpeter being sent with the Letter a Gentleman on foot with a Pike in his hand met him and told him They would not let him come in nor receive his Letter In the afternoon came a Trumpeter from the Scots desiring a release of Prisoners upon ranâ—ome To which Generall Cromwell answered That they came not thither to make merchandize of Men or to get gain to themselves but for the service and security of the Commonwealth of England The same day Orders were issued forth for the Horse and Foot to march towards Sterling in order to a storm Ladders and all other necessaries being provided for that purpose but the strength of the enemy and of the place with other disadvantages being considered it was resolved that the Army should draw off which accordingly they did Sep. 19. and marched to Linlithgow which when the Generall and his Officers had viewed order was given for making severall Works for the security of the place conceiving it might make a very considerable frontier Garrison lying in the heart of the Country between Edinburrough and Sterling whence leaving there 5 Troops of Horse and 6 Companies of Foot Gen. Cromwell with the rest of the Army marched back to Edenburrough Sept. 23. The Gen. and Officers kept a day of Humiliation About the same time the Kirk party also appointed a solemne Fast 1. To humble themselves for their too much confidence in the arm of flesh 2. For the malignity and prophanenesse of their Army 3. For the Plunderings and wickednesse of their Army when they were in England 4. For their not sufficient purging their Army 5. For their Commissioners unlawfull and surreptitious manner of prosecuting the Treaty with their King and their crooked wayes in bringing him home 6. For their not sufficient purging the Kings house 7. For the just grounds they have that his Majesties Repentance was not found nor from the heart From which time to the moneths end little was done save that Gen. Cromwell took order for the effectuall reducing of the Castle of Edinburrough for which purpose many miners both Scotch and English were procur'd to expedite the businesse Sep. â—0 The English went so neer the works of the Castle as they carried away one of the Scots Colours 300 Muskets with other Arms without any losse Octob. 1. The Scots Galleries went on in order to springing the Mines they sent many great and small shot among them yet nothing retarded the work Octob. 2. the English made a search in the high Church at Edenburgh and found there one great Iron Gun 200 new Muskets 16 barrels of Pouder 6â— bundles of Bandileers 200 Swords 200 new Halberts 300 new Pikes and two load of Match That which was done the remaining part of this moneth was chiefly
they were assembled to propagate the Royall designes viz. Old Gen. Lesley Earl Marshall Lord of Keith Earl of Craford Lord Ogilby Lord Burgoiny Lord Huntly Lord Lee with many Knights Gentlemen and Ministers all which were soon after shipt and sent for England Such was the fate that attended the Scots and their King that He who a few dayes before was proclaimed King of Great Britain had now neither Camp nor Garrison nor lodging to flie unto or safely to repose himself in for shelter 500lb sterling being offer'd to any that should detect him which not withstanding he escaped making a disguised peregrination through City and Country till he met with a fit opportunity for his transportation into France where he now is Yet of the great number of his friends adherents and followers that were taken none of quality suffered but the Earl of Derby Earl of Derby beheaded who was beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire and Sir Tim. Fetherston others of lesse not were executed at Chester Shrewsbury and other places Nor did the Royallists themselves expect any other or better fortune would attend them in this invasion then that you have heard as appears by Duke Hamiltons Letter to Mr. Will. Crofts taken among other Papers a few dayes before the fight the summe whereof follows WE are all laughing at the ridiculousnesse of our condition Duke Hamiltons Letter who having quit Scotland being scarce able to maintain it yet we graspe at all and nothing but all will satisfie us or to lose all I confesse I cannot tell whether our hopes or fears are greatest but we have one stout Argument and that is despair for we must now either shortly fight or die All the Rognes have left us I will not say whether for fear or disloyalty but allnow with his Majesty are such as will not dispute his Commands So that you see this undertaking was not the product of a mature and deliberate councell but of necessity and desperation Soon after this the Parliament took order for reducing the two Islands of Jersey and Man that had been and would still be notable receptacles for the entertaining all manner of fugitives and disaffected persons In order to which businesse Col. Hayne with about 2 Regiments of Foot and 2 Troops of Horse on the 14th of Octob. 1651. were shipt at Weymouth for Jersey they were in all eighty Vessels and set sayl Octob. 17. but a storm forced them in again On the 19th they set sayl again and about 12 that night came to an Anchor under Sarke Island next morning they bent their course towards Jersey and came to an anchor in St Owens Bay next day they sailed and anchored before St Brelades Bay when the seas proved so rough that the Fleet was scattered notwithstanding on the 21th it was resolved that an attempt should be made upon the Island that night at St Owens Bay being necessitated thereunto for want of Horsemeat in few hours after they embark'd their men aboard the small Boats Gen. Blake and all his Officers were very active in this businesse who about two hours after the flood weighed Anchor cut some of their Cables hoisted sailes and stood in for the shore and were soon aground on the shore side some at 3 foot some at 4 5 6 7 foot water their men presently leapt out some up to the middle some to the neck and run ashore the enemy playing hard upon them with great and small shot and with their Horse gave a hot charge yet after half an hours dispute they fled and left behind them 12 Guns and some Colours at that place after which and that their Horse were landed they marched further into the Island and on the 23th Octob. possest themselves of three Forts more with two Guns in each they marched on further till they came within sight of Elizabeth-Castle under which was a Fort called St Albans Tower where was 14 Guns the speedy reducement whereof was resolved upon and a Summons sent in The Island of Jersey reduc'd and in two hours time it was delivered up The next businesse they had to do was to take in Mount Orgueil Castle which upon easie termes was also surrendred but Elizabeth Castle being a place of farre greater strength was not reduc'd till the middle of Decemb. following the Governour thereof Sr George Carteret had large termes granted both to himself and all with him by reason of the marvellous strength and scituation thereof which was such as might have cost much blood treasure and time in the gaining of it Octob. 16th 1651. Under Colonell Duckenfield were shipt 3 Regiments of Foot viz. Gen. Cromwels Regiment commanded by Lieut. Col. Worsly Maj. Gen. Deans Regiment commanded by Lieut. Col. Mitchell and Colonell Duckenfields Regiment with two Troops of Horse these were all shipt at Chester and Liverpool for the reducing the Isle of Man and on Octob. 18th they hoisted sayl but by contrary windes were driven into the Harbour of Beumorris on the 25th about two in the morning the wind coming about somewhat southerly with a pretty fresh gale they set sayl again and about two or three aclock in the afternoon they had a cleer view of the Calfe of Man Castle Rushen Derby-Fort Douglas-Fort and most part of the Island as also of the Islanders both Horse and Foot in their severall motions mustering up what strength they could when by a sudden storm the Fleet was hindred from coming up any thing neer the shore upon which they steer'd their course towards the North end of the Island and with no small difficulty fetcht Ramseybay that night where they cast Anchor and with a small Party fac'd the Islanders yet was there no shot exchang'd Octob. 16. came on board an Islander imploy'd by the chief of that Island to assure the English they should have no opposition in landing but might securely come under their Forts which they had taken possession of for them and that only two Castles held out viz. Castle Rushen and Castle Peele which were kept by the Forces of the Count. of Derby now because he had nothing in writing to confirm what he had said he was distrusted wherefore Maj. Fox was boated into the Island to enquire the truth of what the Islander had reported and forthwith returned vvith the full confirmation thereof and presently after some came from the Island as Commissioners entreating that their poor Island might be preserved from spoyl and the Inhabitants from undoing by landing only some part of a Regiment or at the most but a Regiment upon which they vvould bring Provisions at a marketable rate to the shore The Isle of Man reduc'd to supply the vvants of such as should continue on shipboard and would assist those that were to land in reducing the Castles which Proposals vvere in part assented unto by the Commander in Chief Col. Duckenfield being somewhat oblig'd thereto by the civilities of the people But on the 27th most of the men