own Regiment which were all stout and valiant men who fell so furiously upon the Enemy that they forsook their hedges and fell to their heels At which very instant my Lord caused a shot or two to be made by his Cannon against the Body of the Enemies Horse drawn up within Cannon shot which took so good effect that it disordered the Enemies Troops Hereupon my Lord's Horse got over the Hedg not in a body for that they could not but dispersedly two on a breast and as soon as some considerable number was gotten over and drawn up they charged the Enemy and routed them so that in an instant there was a strange change of Fortune and the Field totally won by my Lord notwithstanding he had quitted 7000 Men to conduct Her Majesty besides a good Train of Artillery which in such a Conjuncture would have weakned Caesars Army In this Victory the Enemy lost most of their Foot about 3000 were taken Prisoners and 700 Horse and Foot slain and those that escaped fled into their Garison at Bradford amongst whom was also their General of the Horse After this My Lord caused his Army to be rallied and marched in order that night before Bradford with an intention to storm it the next morning but the Enemy that were in the Town it seems were so discomfited that the same night they escaped all various ways and amongst them the said General of the Horse whose Lady being behind a Servant on Horse-back was taken by some of My Lord's Soldiers and brought to his Quarters where she was treated and attended with all civility and respect and within few days sent to York in my Lords own Coach and from thence very shortly after to Kingstone upon Hull where she desired to be attended by my Lords Coach and Servants Thus my Lord after the Enemy was gone entred the Town and Garison of Bradford by which Victory the Enemy was so daunted that they forsook the rest of their Garisons that is to say Hallifax Leeds and Wakefield and dispersed themselves severally the chief Officers retiring to Hull a strong Garison of the Enemy and though my Lord knowing they would make their escape thither as having no other place of refuge to resort to sent a Letter to York to the Governour of that City to stop them in their passage yet by neglect of the Post it coming not timely enough to his hands his Design was frustrated The whole County of York save onely Hull being now cleared and setled by my Lords Care and Conduct he marched to the City of York and having a competent number of Horse well armed and commanded he quarter'd them in the East-riding near Hull there being no visible Enemy then to oppose them In the mean while my Lord receiving News that the Enemy had made an Invasion into the next adjoining County of Lincoln where he had some Forces he presently dispatched his Lieutenant General of the Army away with some Horse and Dragoons and soon after marched thither himself with the body of the Army being earnestly defired by his Majesties Party there The Forces which my Lord had in the same County commanded by the then Lieutenant General of the Horse Mr. Charles Cavendish second Brother to the now Earl of Devonshire though they had timely notice and Orders from my Lord to make their retreat to the Lieutenant-General of the Army and not to fight the Enemy yet the said Lieutenant-General of the Horse being transported by his Courage he being a Person of great Valour and Conduct and having charged the Enemy unfortunately lost the field and himself was slain in the Charge his Horse lighting in a bogg Which news being brought to my Lord when he was on his March he made all the hast he could and was no sooner joined with his Lieutenant General but fell upon the Enemy and put them to flight The first Garison my Lord took in Lincolnshire was Gainsborrough a Town standing upon the River Trent wherein not long before had been a Garison of Soldiers for His Majesty under the Command of the then Earl of Kingstone but surprised and the Town Taken by the Enemies Forces who having an intention to conveigh the said Earl of Kingstone from thence to Hull in a little Pinnace met with some of my Lords Forces by the way commanded by the Lieutenant of the Army who being desirous to rescue the Earl of Kingstone and and making some shots with their Regiment Pieces to stop the Pinnace unfortunately slew him and one of his Servants My Lord drawing near the mentioned Town of Gainsborrough there appear'd on the top of a Hill above the Town some of the Enemies Horse drawn up in a body whereupon he immediately sent a party of his Horse to view them who no sooner came within their sight but they retreated fairly so long as they could well endure but the pursuit of my Lords Horse caused them presently to break their ranks and fall to their heels where most of them escaped and fled to Lincoln another of their Garrisons Hereupon my Lord summon'd the Town of Gainsborrough but the Governour thereof refusing to yield caused my Lord to plant his Cannon and draw up his Army on the mention'd Hill and having play'd some little while upon the Town put the Enemy into such a terror that the Governour sent out and offer'd the surrender of the Town upon fair terms which my Lord thought fit rather to embrace then take it by force and though according to the Articles of Agreement made between them both the Enemies Arms and the Keys of the Town should have been fairly delivered to my Lord yet it being not performed as it was expected the Arms being in a confused manner thrown down and the Gates set wide open the Prisoners that had been kept in the Town began first to plunder which my Lords Forces seeing did the same although it was against my Lords will and orders After my Lord had thus reduced the Town and put a good Garison of Soldiers into it and better fortified it he marched before Lincoln and there he entred with his Army without great difficulty and plac'd also a Garison in it and raised a considerable Army both Horse Foot and Dragoons for the preservation of that County and put them under Commanders and constituted a Person of Honour Commander in Chief with intention to march towards the South which if it had taken effect would doubtless have made an end of that War but he being daily importuned by the Nobility and Gentry of York-shire to return into that County especially upon the perswasions of the Commander in Chief of the Forces left there who acquainted my Lord that the Enemy grew so strong every day being got together in Kingstone upon Hull and annoying that Country that his Forces were not able to bear up against them alledging withall that my Lord would be suspected to betray the Trust reposed in him if he came
Quality to attend His Highness and to invite him into the City to consult with him about that important Affair and to gain so much time as to open a Port to march forth with his Cannon and Foot which were in the Town to join with His Highness's Forces and went himself the next day in person to wait on His Highness where after some Conferences he declared his Mind to the Prince desiring His Highness not to attempt any thing as yet upon the Enemy for he had intelligence that there was some discontent between them and that they were resolved to divide themselves and so to raise the Siege without fighting Besides my Lord expected within two dayes Collonel Cleavering with above three thousand men out of the North and two thousand drawn out of several Garisons who also came at the same time though it was then too late But His Highness answered my Lord That he had a Letter from His Majesty then at Oxford with a positive and absolute Command to fight the Enemy which in Obedience and according to his Duty he was bound to perform Whereupon my Lord replied That he was ready and willing for his part to obey his Highness in all things no otherwise then if His Majesty was there in Person Himself and though several of my Lords Friends advised him not to engage in Battel because the Command as they said was taken from Him Yet my Lord answer'd them That happen what would he would not shun to fight for he had no other ambition but to live and dye a Loyal Subject to His Majesty Then the Prince and my Lord conferr'd with several of their Officers amongst whom there were several Disputes concerning the advantages which the Enemy had of Sun Wind and Ground The Horse of His Majesties Forces was drawn up in both Wings upon that fatal Moor call'd Hessom-Moor and my Lord ask'd His Highness what Service he would be pleas'd to command him who return'd this Answer That he would begin no action upon the Enemy till early in the morning desiring my Lord to repose himself till then Which my Lord did and went to rest in his own Coach that was close by in the Field until the time appointed Not long had My Lord been there but he heard a great noise and thunder of shooting which gave him notice of the Armies being engaged Whereupon he immediately put on his Arms and was no sooner got on Horse-back but he beheld a dismal sight of the Horse of His Majesties right Wing which out of a panick fear had left the Field and run away with all the speed they could and though my Lord made them stand once yet they immediately betook themselves to their heels again and killed even those of their own party that endeavoured to stop them the Left Wing in the mean time Commanded by those two Valiant Persons the Lord Goring and Sir Charles Lucas having the better of the Enemies Right Wing which they beat back most valiantly three times and made their General retreat in so much that they sounded Victory In this Confusion my Lord accompanied onely with his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Major Scot Capt. Mazine and his Page hastning to see in what posture his own Regiment was met with a Troop of Gentlemen-Voluntiers who formerly had chosen him their Captain notwithstanding he was General of an Army to whom my Lord spake after this manner Gentlemen said he You have done me the Honour to chuse me your Captain and now is the fittest time that I may do you service wherefore if you 'l follow me I shall lead you on the best I can and shew you the way to your own Honour They being as glad of my Lords Profer as my Lord was of their Readiness went on with the greatest Courage and passing through Two Bodies of Foot engaged with each other not at forty yards distance received not the least hurt although they fired quick upon each other but marched towards a Scots Regiment of Foot which they charged and routed in which Encounter my Lord himself kill'd Three with his Pages half-leaden Sword for he had no other left him and though all the Gentlemen in particular offer'd him their Swords yet my Lord refused to take a Sword of any of them At last after they had pass'd through this Regiment of Foot a Pike-man made a stand to the whole Troop and though my Lord charg'd him twice or thrice yet he could not enter him but the Troop dispatched him soon In all these Encounters my Lord got not the least hurt though several were slain about him and his White-Coats shew'd such an extraordinary Valour and Courage in that Action that they were kill'd in Rank and File And here I cannot but mention by the way That it is remarkable that in all actions and undertakings where My Lord was in Person himself he was always Victorious and prospered in the execution of his designs but whatsoever was lost or succeeded ill happen'd in his absence and was caused either by the Treachery or Negligence and Carelesness of his Officers My Lord being the last in the Field and seeing that all was lost and that every one of His Majesties Party made their escapes in the best manner they could he being moreover inquired after by several of his Friends who had all a great love and respect for my Lord especially by the then Earl of Craford who lov'd my Lord so well that he gave 20 s. to one that assured him of his being alive and safe telling him that that was all he had went towards York late at night accompanied onely with his Brother and one or two of his servants and coming near the Town met His Highness Prince Rupert with the Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Ethyn His Highness asked My Lord how the business went To whom he answered That all was lost and gone on their side That night my Lord remained in York and having nothing left in his power to do his Majesty any further service in that kind for he had neither Ammunition nor Money to raise more Forces to keep either York or any other Towns that were yet in His Majesties Devotion well knowing that those which were left could not hold out long and being also loath to have aspersions cast upon him that he did fell them to the Enemy in case he could not keep them he took a Resolution and that justly and honourably to forsake the Kingdom and to that end went the next morning to the Prince and acquainted him with his Design desiring His Highness would be pleased to give this true and just report of him to his Majesty that he had behaved himself like an honest man a Gentleman and a Loyal subject Which request the Prince having granted my Lord took his leave and being conducted by a Troop of Horse and a Troop of Dragoons to Scarborough went to Sea and took shipping for Hamborough the Gentry of the Country
those Counties in the Northen parts generally faithful to his Majesty but raised an Army for His Majesties Interest and the protection of his good subjects thought it convenient to employ and authorise some persons of Quality to attend upon my Lord and treat with him on their behalf that he would be pleased to give them the assistance of his Army which my Lord granted them upon such Terms as did highly advance His Majesties Service which was my Lords chief and onely aim Thus my Lord being with his Army invited into York-Shire He prepared for it with all the speed that the nature of that business could possibly permit and after he had fortified the Town of Newcastle Tynmouthcastle Hartlepool a Haven Town and some other necessary Garisons in those parts and Mann'd Victuall'd and order'd their constant supply He thought it fit in the first place before he did march to manifest to the World by a Declaration in Print the reasons and grounds of his undertaking that design which were in General for the preservation of His Majesties Person and Government and the defence of the Orthodox Church of England where He also satisfied those that murmur'd for my Lords receiving into his Army such as were of the Catholick Religion and then he presently marched with his Army into York-shire to their assistance and within the time agreed upon came to York notwithstanding the Enemies Forces gave him all the interruption they possibly could at several passes whereof the chief was at Pierce-bridg at the entering into York-shire where 1500 of the Enemies Forces Commanded in chief by Col. Hotham were ready to interrupt my Lord's Forces sent thither to secure that passe consisting of a Regiment of Dragoons commanded by Colonel Thomas Howard and a Regiment of Foot Commanded by Sir William Lambton which they performed with so much Courage that they routed the Enemy and put them to flight although the said Col. Howard in that Charge lost his life by an unfortunate shot The Enemy thus missing of their design fled until they met with a conjunction of their whole Forces at Tadcaster some eight miles distant from York and my Lord went on without any other considerable Interruption Being come to York he drew up his whole Army before the Town both Horse and Foot where the Commander in Chief the then earl of Cumberland together with the Gentry of the Country came to wait on my Lord and the then Governor of York Sir Thomas Glemham presented him with the Keys of the City Thus my Lord marched into the Town with great joy and to the general satisfaction both of the Nobility and Gentry and most of the Citizens and immediately without any delay in the later end of December 1642 fell upon Consultations how he might best proceed to serve his King and Country and particularly how his Army should be maintained and paid as he did also afterwards in every Country wheresoever he marched well knowing that no Army can be governed without being constantly and regularly supported by provision and pay Whereupon it was agreed That the Nobility and Gentry of the several Counties should select a certain number of themselves to raise money by a regular Tax for the making provisions for the support and maintenance of the Army rather than to leave them to free-quarter and to carve for themselves and if any of the Soldiers were exorbitant and disorderly and that it did appear so to those that were authorised to examine their deportment that presently order should be given to repair those injuries out of the moneys levied for the Soldiery by which means the Country was preserved from many inconveniences which otherwise would doubtless have followed And though the season of the year might well have invited my Lord to take up his Winter-quarters it being about Christmas yet after he had put a good Garison into the City of York and fortified it upon intelligence that the Enemy was still at Tadcaster and had fortified that place he resolved to march thither The greatest part of the Town stands on the West side of a River not fordable in any place near thereabout nor allowing any passage into the Town from York but over a Stone-bridge which the Enemy had made impassable by breaking down part of the Bridg and planting their Ordnance upon it and by raising a very large and strong Fort upon the top of a Hill leading Eastward from that Bridg towards York upon design of commanding the Bridg and all other places fit to draw up an Army in or to plant Cannon against them But notwithstanding all these Discouragements my Lord after he had refresh'd his Army at York and recruited his provisions ordered a march before the said Town in this manner That the greatest part of his Horse and Dragoons should in the night march to a Pass at Weatherby five miles distant from Tadcaster towards North-west from thence under the Command of his then Lieutenant General of the Army to appear on the West side of Tadcaster early the next morning by which time my Lord with the rest of his Army resolved to appear at the East-side of the said Town which intention was well design'd but ill executed for though my Lord with that part of the Army which he commanded in person that is to say his Foot and Cannon attended by some Troops of Horse did march that night and early in the morning appear'd before the Town on the East side thereof and there drew up his Army planted his Cannon and closely and orderly besieged that side of the Town and from ten in the morning till four a Clock in the afternoon battered the Enemies Forts and Works as being in continual expectation of the appearance of the Troops on the other side according to his order yet whether it was out of Neglect or Treachery that my Lords Orders were not obeyed that days Work was rendred ineffectual as to the whole Design However the vigilancy of My Lord did put the Enemy into such a Terror that they forsook that Fort and secretly fled away with all their Train that very night to another strong hold not far distant from Tadcaster called Cawood-Castle to which by reason of its low and boggy Scituation and foul and narrow Lanes and passages it was not possible for my Lord to pursue them without too great an hazard to his Army whereas had the Lieutenant General performed his Duty in all probability the greatest part of the principal Rebels in York-shire would that day have been taken in their own trap and their further mischief prevented My Lord the next morning instead of storming the Town as he he had intended entred without interruption and there stayed some few days to refresh his Army and order that part of the Country In December 1642. My Lord thought it fit to march to Pomfret and to quarter his Army in that part of the Country which was betwixt Cawood and some Garisons of the Enemy in the
not to succour and assist them he went back with his Army for the protection of that same Country and when he arrived there which was in August 1643 he found the Enemy of so small consequence that they did all flie before him About this time His Majesty was pleased to honour my Lord for His true and faithful Service with the Title of Marquess of Newcastle My Lord being returned into York-shire forced the Enemy first from a Town called Beverly wherein they had a Garison of Soldiers and from thence upon the entreaty of the Nobility and Gentry of York-shire as before is mentioned who promised him Ten thousand men for that purpose though they came short of their performance marched near the Town of Kingstone upon Hull and besieged that part of the Garison that bordered on York-shire for a certain time in which time the Enemy took the courage to sally out of the Town with a strong party of Horse and Foot very early in the morning with purpose to have forced the Quarters of a Regiment of my Lords Horse that were quarter'd next the Town but by the vigilancy of their Commander Sir Marmaduke Langdale afterwards Lord Langdale his Forces being prepared for their reception they received such a Welcome as cost many of them their Lives most of their Foot but such as were slain being taken Prisoners and those of their Horse that escaped got into their Hold at Hull The Enemy thus seeing that they could do my Lords Army no further damage on that side of the River in York-shire endeavoured by all means from Hull and other confederate places in the Eastern parts of the Kingdom to form a considerable party to annoy and disturb the Forces raised by my Lord in Lincolnshire and left there for the protection on of that County where the Enemy being drawn together in a body fought my Lords Forces in his absence and got the honour of the day near Hornby Castle in that County which loss caused partly by their own rashness forced my Lord to leave his design upon Hull and to march back with his Army to York which was in October 1643 where he remained but a few dayes to refresh his Army and receiving intelligence that the Enemy was got into Derbyshire and did grow numerous there and busie in seducing the people that Country being under my Lords Command he resolved to direct his March thither in the beginning of November 1643 to suppress their further growth and to that end quarter'd his Army at Chesterfield and in all the parts thereabout for a certain time Immediately after his departure from York to Pomfret in his said March into Derbyshire the City of York sent to my Lord to inform him of their intention to chuse another Mayor for the year following desiring his pleasure about it My Lord who knew that the Mayor for the year before was a person of much Loyalty and Discretion declared his mind to them That he thought it fit to continue him Mayor also for the year following which it seems they did not like but resolved to chuse one which they pleased contrary to my Lords desire My Lord perceiving their intentions about the time of the Election sent orders to the Governour of the City of York to permit such Forces to enter into the City as he should send which being done accordingly they upon the Day of the Election repaired to the Town-Hall and with their Arms staid there until they had continued the said Mayor according to my Lords desire During the time of my Lords stay at Chesterfield in Derbyshire he ordered some part of his Army to march before a strong House and Garison of the Enemies call'd Wingfield Mannor which in a short time they took by storm And when my Lotd had raised in that County as many Forces Horse and Foot as were supposed to be sufficient to preserve it from the fury of the Enemy he armed them and constituted an Honourable Person Commander in Chief of all the Forces of that County and of Leicestershire and so leaving it in that condition marched in December 1643 from Chesterfield to Bolsover in the same County and from thence to Welbeck in Nottinghamshire to his own House and Garison in which parts he staid some time both to refresh his Army and to settle and reform some disorders he found there leaving no visible Enemy behind him in Derbyshire save onely an inconsiderable party in the Town of Derby which they had fortified not worth the labour to reduce it About this time the report came that a great Army out of Scotland was upon their march towards the Northern parts of England to assist the Enemy against His Majesty which forced the Nobility and Gentry of Yorkshire to invite my Lord back again into those parts with promise to raise for his service an Army of 10000 men My Lord not upon this proffer which had already heretofore deceived him but out of his Loyalty and duty to preserve those parts which were committed to his care and protection returned in the middle of Ianuary 1643. And when he came there he found not one man raised to assist him against so powerful an Army nor an intention of raising any Wherefore he was necessitated to raise himself out of the Countrey what forces he could get and when he had settled the affairs in York-shire as well as time and his present condition would permit and constituted an honourable Person Governor of York and Commander in chief of a very considerable party of horse and foot for the defence of the County for Sr. Thomas Glemham was then made Colonel General and marched into the Field with the Army he took his march to Newcastle in the beginning of February 1643 to give a stop to the Scots army Presently after his coming thither with some of his Troups before his whole army was come up he received intelligence of the Scots Armie's near approach whereupon he sent forth a party of horse to view them who found them very strong to the number of 22000 Horse and Foot well armed and commanded They marched up towards the Town with such confidence as if the Gates had been open'd for their reception and the General of their Army seem'd to take no notice of my Lords being in it for which afterwards he excused himself but as they drew near they found not such entertainment as they expected for though they assaulted a Work that was not finished yet they were beaten off with much loss The Enemy being thus stopt before the Town thought fit to quarter near it in that part of the Country and so soon as my Lords Army was come up he designed one night to have fallen into their Quarter but by reason of some neglect of his Orders in not giving timely notice to the party designed for it it took not an effect answerable to his expectation In a word there were three Designs taken against the Enemy
whereof if one had but hit they would doubtless have been lost but there was so much Treachery Jugling and Falshood in my Lord 's own Army that it was impossible for him to be successful in his Designs and Undertakings However though it failed in the Enemies Foot-Quarters which lay nearest the Town yet it took good effect in their Horse-Quarters which were more remote for my Lord's Horse Commanded by a very gallant and worthy Gentleman falling upon them gave them such an Alarm that all they could do was to draw into the Field where my Lord's Forces charged them and in a little time routed them totally and kill'd and took many Prisoners to the number of 1500. Upon this the Enemy was forced to draw their whole Army together and to quarter them a little more remote from the Town and to seek out inaccessible places for their security as afterwards appear'd more plainly for so soon as my Lord had prepared his Army for a March he drew them forth against the Scots which he found quarter'd upon high Hills close by the River Tyne where they could not be encounter'd but upon very disadvantagious terms besides that day proved very stormy and tempestuous so that my Lord was necessitated to withdraw his Forces and retire into his own Quarters The next day after the Scots Army finding ill harbour in those quarters marched from hill to hill into another part of the Bishoprick of Durham near the Sea coast to a Town called Sunderland and thereupon my Lord thought fit to march to Durham to stop their further progress where he had contrived the business so that they were either forced to fight or starve within a little time The first was offered to them twice that is to say at Pensher-hills one day and at Bowden-hills another day in the Bishoprick of Durham But my Lord found them at both times drawn up in such places as he could not possibly charge them wherefore he retired again to Durham with an intention to streighten their Quarters and to wait upon them if ever they left their Holds and inaccessible places In the mean time it hapned that the Earl of Montross came to the same place and having some design for his Majesties service in Scotland desired My Lord to give him the assistance of some of his Forces and although My Lord stood then in present need of them and could not coveniently spare any having so great an Army to oppose yet out of a desire to advance His Majesties service as much as lay in his power he was willing to part with 200 Horse and Dragoons to the said Earl The Scots perceiving My Lords vigilancy and care contented themselves with their own quarters which could not have serv'd them long but that a great misfortune befel My Lords Forces in York-shire for the Governour whom he had left behind with sufficient Forces for the defence of that Country although he had orders not to encounter the Enemy but to keep himself in a defensive posture yet he being a man of great valour and courage it transported him so much that he resolved to face the Enemy and offering to keep a Town that was not tenable was utterly routed and himself taken Prisoner although he fought most gallantly So soon as my Lord received this sad Intelligence he upon Consultation and upon very good Grounds of Reason took a resolution not to stay between the two Armies of the Enemies viz. the Scots and the English that had prevailed in York-shire but immediately to march into York-shire with his Army to preserve if possible the City of York out of the Enemies hands which retreat was ordered so well and with such excellent Conduct that though the Army of the Scots marched close upon their Rear and fought them every day of their retreat yet they gained several Passes for their security and entred safe and well into the City of York in April 1643. My Lord being now at York and finding three Armies against him viz. the Army of the Scots the Army of the English that gave the defeat to the Governour of York and an Army that was raised out of associate Counties and but little Ammunition and Provision in the Town was forced to send his Horse away to quarter in several Counties viz. Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Leicestershire for their subsistance under the Conduct of his lieutenant-Lieutenant-General of the Horse My dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas himself remaining at York with his Foot and Train for the defence of that City In the mean time the Enemy having closely besiedged the City on all sides came to the very Gates thereof and pull'd out the Earth at one end as those in the City put it in at the other end they planted their great Cannons against it and threw in Granadoes at pleasure But those in the City made several sallies upon them with good success At last the General of the associate Army of the Enemy having closely beleaguer'd the North side of the Town sprung a Mine under the wall of the Mannor-yard and blew part of it up and having beaten back the Town-Forces although they behaved themselves very gallantly enter'd the Mannor-house with a great number of their men which as soon as my Lord perceived he went away in all haste even to the amazement of all that were by not knowing what he intended to do and drew 80 of his own Regiment of Foot called the White-Coats all stout and valiant Men to that Post who fought the Enemy with that courage that within a little time they killed and took 1500 of them and My Lord gave present order to make up the breach which they had made in the wall Whereupon the Enemy remain'd without any other attempt in that kind so long till almost all provision for the support of the soldiery in the City was spent which nevertheless was so well ordered by my Lords Prudence that no Famine or great extremity of want ensued My Lord having held out in that manner above two Months and withstood the strength of three Armies and seeing that his Lieutenant-General of the Horse whom he had sent for relief to His Majesty could not so soon obtain it although he used his best endeavour for to gain yet some little time began to treat with the Enemy ordering in the mean while and upon the Treaty to double and treble his Guards At last after three Months time from the beginning of the Siege His Majesty was pleased to send an Army which joining with my Lords Horse that were sent to quarter in the aforesaid Countreys came to relieve the City under the Conduct of the most Gallant and Heroick Prince Rupert his Nephew upon whose approach near York the Enemy drew from before the City into an entire Body and marched away on the West-side of the River Owse that runs through the City His Majesties Forces being then of the East-side of that River My Lord immediately sent some persons of
service 5. After Her Majesty had taken a resolution to go from York to Oxford where the King then was my Lord for Her safer conduct quitted 7000 men of his Army with a convenient Train of Artillery which likewise never returned to my Lord. 6. When the Earl of Montross was going into Scotland he went to my Lord at Durham and desired of him a supply of some Forces for His Majesties service where my Lord gave him 200 Horse and Dragoons even at such a time when he stood most in need of a supply himself and thought every day to encounter the Scottish Army 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went into Lincoln and Derby-shires with his Army to order and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to His Majesty and from thence resolved to march into the Associate Counties where in all porbability he would have made an happy end of the Warr he was so importuned by those he left behind him and particularly the Commander in Chief to return into York-shire alledging the Enemy grew strong and would ruine them all if he came not speedily to succour and assist them that in honour and duty he could do no otherwise but grant their Requests when as yet being returned into those parts he found them secure and safe enough from the Enemies Attempts 8. My Lord as heretofore mentioned had as great private Enemies about His Majesty as he had publick Enemies in the Field who used all the endeavour they could to pull him down 9. There was such Jugling Treachery and Falshood in his own Army and amongst some of his own Officers that it was impossible for my Lord to be prosperous and successful in his Designs and Undertakings 10. My Lord's Army being the chief and greatest Army which His Majesty had and in which consisted His prime Strength and Power the Parliament resolved at last to join all their Forces with the Army of the Scots which when it came out of Scotland was above Twenty thousand Men to oppose and if possible to ruine it well knowing that if they did pull down my Lord they should be Masters of all the Three Kingdoms so that there were Three Armies against One But although my Lord suffered much by the Negligence and sometimes Treachery of his Officers and was unfortunately called back into York-shire from his March he designed for the Associate Counties and was forced to part with a great number of his Forces and Ammunition as aforementioned yet he would hardly have been overcome and his Army ruined by the Enemy had he but had some timely supply and assistance at the Siege of York or that his Counsel had been taken in not fighting the Enemy then or that the Battel had been differ'd some two or three dayes longer until those Forces were arrived which he expected namely three thousand men out of Northumberland and Two thousand drawn out of several Garisons But the chief Misfortune was That the Enemy fell upon the Kings Forces before they were all put into a Battallia and took them at their great disadvantage which caused such a Panick fear amongst them that most of the Horse of the right Wing of His Majesty's Forces betook themselves to their heels insomuch that although the left Wing commanded by the Lord Goring and my Brother Sir Charles Lucas did their best endeavour and beat back the Enemy three times and My Lord 's own Regiment of Foot charged them so couragiously that they never broke but died most of them in their Ranks and Files yet the Power of the Enemy being too strong put them at last to a total rout and confusion Which unlucky disaster put an end to all future hopes of His Majesties Party so that my Lord seeing he had nothing left in his Power to do His Majesty any further service in that kind for had he stayed he would have been forced to surrender all those Towns and Garisons in those parts that were yet in His Majesties Devotion as afterwards it also happen'd resolved to quit the Kingdom as formerly is mentioned And these are chiefly the obstructions to the good success of my Lord's Designs in the late Civil Wars which being rightly considered will save him blameless from what otherwise would be laid to his charge for as according to the old saying 'T is easie for men to swim when they are held up by the chin So on the other side it is very dangerous and difficult for them to endeavour it when they are pulled down by the Heels and beaten upon their Heads 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings I dare boldly and justly say That there never was nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subject then My Lord Not to mention the Trust he discharged in all those imployments which either King Iames or King Charles the First or His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second were pleased to bestow upon him which he performed with such care and fidelity that he never disobeyed their Commands in the least I will onely note 1. That he was the First that appear'd in Armes for His Majesty and engaged Himself and all his Friends he could for His Majesties Service and though he had but two Sons which were young and one onely Brother yet they all were with him in the Wars His two Sons had Commands but His Brother though he had no Command by reason of the weakness of his body yet he was never from My Lord when he was in action even to the last for he was the last with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York and though my Brother Sir Charles Lucas desired my Lord to send his Sons away when the said Battel was fought yet he would not saying His Sons should shew their Loyalty and Duty to His Majesty in venturing their lives as well as Himself 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Person that kept up the Power of His late Majesty for when his Army was lost all the Kings Party was ruined in all three of his Majesties Kingdoms because in his Army lay the chief strength of all the Royal Forces it being the greatest and best formed Army which His Majesty had and the onely support both of his Majesties Person and Power and of the hopes of all his Loyal Subjects in all his Dominions 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banishment and hath lost and suffered most of any subject that suffer'd either by War or otherways except those that lost their lives and even that he valued not but exposed it to so eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Decree had ordained to save it 4. He never minded his own Interest more then his Loyaltie and Duty and upon that account never desired nor received any thing from the Crown to enrich himself but spent great sums in His Majesties Service so that after his long banishment and return into England I observed his ruined Estate was like an Earthquake and his
his Army under the Care and Conduct of his General of the Horse and Major General of the Army which was so considerable both in respect of their number and provision that they did as they might well conceive themselves Master of the Field in those parts and secure in that quarter although in the end it proved not so as shall hereafter be declared which must necessarily be imputed to their invigilancy and carelessness My Lord first marched to Rotheram and finding that the Enemy had placed a Garison of Soldiers in that Town and fortified it he drew up his Army in the morning against the Town and summon'd it but they refusing to yield my Lord fell to work with his Cannon and Musket and within a short time took it by storm and enter'd the Town that very night some Enemies of note that were found therein were taken Prisoners and as for the common Soldiers which were by the Enemy forced from their Allegiance he shew'd such Clemency to them that very many willingly took up Arms for His Majesties Service and proved very faithful and loyal Subjects and good Soldiers After my Lord had stayed two or three dayes there and order'd those parts he marched with his Army to Sheffield another Market-Town of large extent in which there was an ancient Castle which when the Enemies Forces that kept the Town came to hear of being terrified with the fame of my Lords hitherto Victorious Army they fled away from thence into Derbyshire and left both Town and Castle without any blow to my Lords Mercy and though the people in the Town were most of them rebelliously affected yet my Lord so prudently ordered the business that within a short time he reduced most of them to their Allegiance by love and the rest by fear and recruited his Army daily he put a Garison of Soldiers into the Castle and fortified it in all respects and constituted a Gentleman of Quality Governour both of the Castle Town and Country and finding near that place some Iron Works he gave present order for the casting of Iron Cannon for his Garisons and for the making of other Instruments and Engines of War Within a short time after my Lord receiving Intelligence that the Enemy in the Garisons near Wakefield had united themselves and being drawn into a body in the night time had surprised and enter'd the Town of Wakesield and taken all or most of the Officers and Soldiers left there Prisoners amongst whom was also the General of the Horse the Lord Goring whom my Lord afterwards redeem'd by Exchange and possessed themselves of the whole Magazine which was a very great loss and hinderance to my Lords designs it being the Moity of his Army and most of his Ammunition he fell upon new Counsels and resolved without any delay to march from thence back towards York which was in May 1643 where after he had rested some time Her Majesty being resolved to take Her Journey towards the Southern parts of the Kingdom where the King was designed first to go from York to Pomfret whither my Lord ordered the whole Marching Army to be in readiness to conduct Her Majesty which they did he himself attending Her Majesty in person And after Her Majesty had rested there some small time she being desirous to proceed in Her intended Journey no less then a formed Army was able to secure Her Person Wherefore my Lord was resolved out of his fidelity and duty to supply Her with an Army of 7000 Horse and Foot besides a convenient Train of Artillery for Her safer Conduct chusing rather to leave himself in a weak condition though he was even then very near the Enemies Garisons in that part of the Country then suffer Her Majesties Person to be exposed to danger Which Army of 7000 men when Her Majesty was safely arrived to the King He was pleased to keep with him for His own Service After Her Majesties departure out of Yorkshire my Lord was forced to recruit again his Army and within a short time viz. in Iune 1643 took a resolution to march into the Enemies Quarters in the Western parts in which march he met with a strong stone house well fortified call'd Howley-House wherein was a Garison of Soldiers which my Lord summon'd but the Governour disobeying the summons he batter'd it with his Cannon and so took it by force the Governour having quarter given him contrary to my Lords Orders was brought before my Lord by a Person of Quality for which the Officer that brought him received a check and though he resolved then to kill him yet my Lord would not suffer him to do it saying It was inhumane to kill any man in cold blood Hereupon the Governour kiss'd the Key of the House door and presented it to my Lord to which my Lord return'd this answer I need it not said he for I brought a Key along with me which yet I was unwilling to use until you forced me to it At this House my Lord remained five or six days till he had refreshed his Soldiers and then a resolution was taken to march against a Garison of the Enemies call'd Bradford a little but a strong Town in the way he met with a strong interruption by the Enemy drawing forth a vast number of Musquetiers which they had very privately gotten out of Lancashire the next adjoining County to those parts of York-shire which had so easie an access to them at Bradford by reason the whole Country was of their Party that my Lord could not possibly have any constant intelligence of their designs and motions for in their Army there were near 5000 Musquetiers and 18 Troops of Horse drawn up in a place full of hedges called Atherton-moor near to their Garison at Bradford ready to encounter my Lords Forces which then contained not above half so many Musquetiers as the Enemy had their chiefest strength consisting in Horse and these made useless for a long time together by the Enemies Horse possessing all the plain ground upon that Field so that no place was left to draw up my Lords Horse but amongst old Coal-pits Neither could they charge the Enemy by reason of a great ditch and high bank betwixt my Lord's and the Enemies Troops but by two on a breast and that within Musquet shot the Enemy being drawn up in hedges and continually playing upon them which rendred the service exceeding difficult and hazardous In the mean while the Foot of both sides on the right and left Wings encounter'd each other who fought from Hedg to Hedg and for a long time together overpower'd and got ground of my Lords Foot almost to the invironing of his Cannon my Lords Horse wherein consisted his greatest strength all this while being made by reason of the ground incapable of charging at last the Pikes of my Lords Army having had no employment all the day were drawn against the Enemies left wing and particularly those of my Lords
Stocking Manuring Paling Stubbing Hedging c. of his Grounds and Parks where it is to be noted That no advantage or benefit can be made of Grounds under the space of three years and of Cattel not under five or six 3. The repairing and furnishing of some of his Dwelling-Houses 4. The setting up a Race or Breed of Horses as he had before the Warrs for which purpose he hath bought the best Mares he could get for money In short I can reckon 12000 l. laid out barely for the repair of some Ruines which my Lord could not be without there being many of them to repair yet neither is this all that is laid out but much more which I cannot well remember nor is there more but one Grange stock'd amongst several that were kept for furnishing his House with Provisions As for other Charges and Losses which My Lord hath sustained since his return I will not reckon them because my design is onely to account such losses as were caused by the Wars By which as they have been mentioned it may easily be concluded That although My Lord's Estate was very great before the Wars yet now it is shrunk into a very narrow compass that it puts his Prudence and Wisdom to the Proof to make it serve his necessities he having no other assistance to bear him up and yet notwithstanding all this he hath since his return paid both for Himself and his Son all manner of Taxes Lones Levies Assessments c. equally with the rest of His Majesties Subjects according to that Estate that is left him which he has been forced to take upon Interest The Third Book THus having given you a faithful Account of all My Lords Actions both before in and after the Civil Warrs and of his Losses I shall now conclude with some particular heads concerning the description of his own Person his Natural Humour Disposition Qualities Vertues his Pedigree Habit Diet Exercises c. together with some other Remarks and Particulars which I thought requisite to be inserted both to illustrate the former Books and to render the History of his Life more perfect and compleat 1. Of his Power After His Majesty King Charles the First had entrusted my Lord with the Power of raising Forces for His Majesties Service he effected that which never any Subject did nor was in all probability able to do for though many Great and Noble Persons did also raise Forces for His Majesty yet they were Brigades rather then well-formed Armies in comparison to my Lord's The reason was That my Lord by his Mother the Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle being allyed to most of the most ancient Families in Northumberland and other the Northern parts could pretend a greater Interest in them then a stranger for they through a natural affection to my Lord as their own Kinsman would sooner follow him and under his Conduct sacrifice their Lives for His Majesty's Service then any body else well knowing That by deserting my Lord they deserted themselves and by this means my Lord raised first a Troup of Horse consisting of a hundred and twenty and a Regiment of Foot and then an Army of Eight thousand Horse Foot and Dragoons in those parts and afterwards upon this ground at several times and in several places so many several Troups Regiments and Armies that in all from the first to the last they amounted to above 100000 men and those most upon his own Interest and without any other considerable help or assistance which was much for a particular Subject and in such a conjuncture of time for since Armies are soonest raised by Covetousness Fear aud Faction that is to say upon a constant and setled Pay upon the Ground of Terrour and upon the Ground of Rebellion but very seldom or never upon uncertainty of Pay and when it is as hazardous to be of such a Party as to be in the heat of a Battel also when there is no other design but honest duty it may easily be conceived that my Lord could have no little love and affection when He raised his Army upon snch grounds as could promise them but little advantage at that time Amongst the rest of his Army My Lord had chosen for his own Regiment of Foot 3000 of such Valiant stout and faithful men whereof many were bred in the Moorish-grounds of the Northern parts that they were ready to die at my Lord's feet and never gave over whensoever they were engaged in action until they had either conquer'd the Enemy or lost their lives They were called White-coats for this following reason My Lord being resolved to give them new Liveries and there being not red Cloth enough to be had took up so much of white as would serve to cloath them desiring withal their patience until he had got it dyed but they impatient of stay requested my Lord that he would be pleased to let them have it un-dyed as it was promising they themselves would die it in the Enemies Blood Which request my Lord granted them and from that time they were called White-Coats To give you some instances of their Valour and Courage I must beg leave to repeat some passages mentioned in the first Book The Enemy having closely besieged the City of York and made a passage into the Mannor-yard by springing a Mine under the Wall thereof was got into the Mannor-house with a great number of their Forces which My Lord perceiving he immediately went and drew 80 of the said White-coats thither who with the greatest Courage went close up to the Enemy and having charged them fell Pell-mell with the But-ends of their Musquets upon them and with the assistance of the rest that renewed their Courage by their example kill'd and took 1500 and by that means saved the Town How valiantly they behaved themselves in the last fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York has been also declared heretofore in so much that although most of the Army were fled yet they would not stir until by the Enemies Power they were overcome and most of them slain in rank and file Their love and affection to my Lord was such that it lasted even when he was deprived of all his power and could do them little good to which purpose I shall mention this following passage My Lord being in Antwerp received a Visit from a Gentleman who came out of England and rendred My Lord thanks for his safe Escape at Sea My Lord being in amaze not knowing what the Gentleman meant he was pleased to acquaint Him that in his coming over Sea out of England he was set upon by Pickaroons who having examined him and the rest of his Company at last some asked him whether he knew the Marquess of Newcastle To whom he answered That he knew him very well and was going over into the same City where my Lord lived Whereupon they did not onely take nothing from him but used him with all Civility and desired him to remember