Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	flank_n	horse_n	wing_n	1,043	5	9.6383	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51926	The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.; Historiae de rebus Hispaniae. English	Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.; Camargo y Salgado, Hernando, 1572-1652.; Varen de Soto, Basilio, d. 1673.; Stevens, John, d. 1726.	1699 (1699)	Wing M599; ESTC R18800	1,371,898	749

into possession of his Estate before his death This produced a new debate for Joanna Daughter to the Earl deceased and Wife to D. Luis the Earl of Benavente's Son claimed that Earldom Upon this account both Parties were in Arms. King Ferdinand Commanded them to stand to the determination of the Law threatning to fall upon him that should refuse yet he favoured the Grandson of the deceased who was in possession Whilst he was busie in Galicia the Moores near Malaga made a great slaughter of our Men which was the greatest loss we sustained during that War Peter Enriquez Lieutenant of Andaluzia having with the Assistance of the Earl of Cadiz recovered his Town of Can̄ete and Fortified it was desirous to be revenged upon the Moores D. Alonso de Aguilar and the Master of Santiago had also resolved to make an Incursion into the Moorish Territories The Earl of Cifuentes had attempted to recover Zahara but failed All these Commanders agreed to make an Inroad into the Territory of Malaga in three Bodies That Country is rich by reason of the Silken manufactures and therefore they hoped to make a considerable Booty Near Malaga there are certain uncouth Mountains called Axarquia over those Mountains they Marched plundered and burnt all the Country and some Parties of Horse advanced even in sight of Malaga This provoked the Citizens and the People of the Mountains assembled and secured all the Passes Our Men sought to retire but could not There were two Ways the longest by the Sea which was plainest but dangerous because of the Castle of Malaga and several Creeks that cross it The other through which they came was shorter but very difficult by reason of the Woods and Mountains Two Mountains particularly close up a deep Vally through the middle of which runs a River that parts them Our Men entred this Valley in a Consternation encumbred with the Booty when on the one side the Moores attacked them and on the other they saw the Pass secured by another Party which added much to their Fear They were Tyred with Marching two days Faint for want of Food and could neither go backwards nor forwards Many were killed with Arrows and Musket Shot the Moores being very good Marksmen Night coming on the Terror increased with the darkness and the continual shouts of the Enemy Then the Master of Santiago cryed out How long shall we suffer our selves Fellow-Soldiers to be Slaughtered like sheep Our Swords and our Valour must open the Way or at least let us endeavour to Sell our Lives dear and not die unrevenged Having spoke thus they began to ascend the Hill and with much difficulty reached to the Top. There the Fight was bloody and the Slaughter on our side great many Persons of Note were killed The Marquess of Cadiz found Guides who led him off through by-ways The Earl of Cifuentes his Squadron which brought up the Rear sustained most loss he and his Brother Peter de Silva were taken and carried to Granada Of 2700 Horse 800 were killed and among them 3 Brothers of the Marquess of Cadiz James Lope and Bertran besides others of his Relations Near twice as many were taken and of them 400 of the best Gentry in Spain Some few with the Master of Santiago escaped over the desert part of the Mountain and got to Antequera Others as chance led them made their way to other Places This Misfortune hapned upon the 21th of March being the Feast of St. Benedict usually a day of Joy in Spain but now converted into Sorrow Abohardil Brother to King Albohacen and Governor of Malaga who Commanded the Moores gained great Reputation by this extraordinary Success CHAP. III. The Moores defeated and Boabdil their King taken and afterwards released The Affaires of Navarre Pope Sixtus dies Innocent the Eighth succeeds him Marquess del Gasto and Pescara from whom Descended THE Sorrow conceived by The Christians for their loss was soon allayed by a greater Defeat they gave the Moores Albohazen and Boabdil the Two Moorish Kings did one another all the harm they could yet at the same time both endeavoured to gain the Affection of their People destroying the Christians To this purpose Boabdil having gathered a good Body entred the Territory of Ecija designing to surprize Lucena a Town more large and rich than strong Alatar his Father in Law who from a mean Condition rose by his Valour to that Honour gave this Advice James Fernandez de Cordova who was Lord of that Town and some others thereabouts understanding the design of the Moores gave advice of the danger he was in to his Unckle the Earl of Cabra But few Horse remained in those parts by reason of the late slaughter and the Inhabitants of Lucena were in a Consternation because their Walls were not Strong to make resistance The Moores came before the Town on the 21th of April The Governour coveyed the Townsmen into the upper Town and gave the guard of the lower to 200 Horse and 800 Foot he had got together They defended it so bravely that the Enemy dispairing of Success and in a rage for some Men they lost in the Attack vented their Fury upon the Olive Gardens Besides Hamet Abencerrage wasted the Lands of Mon̄tilla with 300 Horse He was samiliarly acquainted with James de Cordova the Family of the Abencerrages having resided at Cordova when they were Banished out of Granada Upon account of this acquaintance he had an interview with James de Cordova designing to circumvent him His fraud was disappointed by another policy The Governor seemed inclinable to surrender the Town and by that means gained time till the Count de Cabra could come to his Relief Upon the news of his approach the Enemy raised the Siege and began to March off with the Booty which was very great The besieged Sallyed and Charged their Rear to keep them in Play till the Earl of Cabra came up It will scarce be believed that tho' the Moores were Ten times the number of the Christians they did not stand the first shock A League and a half from Lucena and in the Way to Loxa is a pleasant Brook which then with the Summer Rains was swelled The Enemies Foot having passed this Brook began to fly only taking care to drive the Booty Their Horse tho' in a Consternation made a stand the King himself striving to encourage them All proved ineffectual for the Christians advancing they were Charged in Flank by D. Alonso de Aguilar who came from Antequera with 40 Horse and some few Foot The Enemy suddenly gave way and fled The King alighted off from a white Horse and endeavoured to hide himself among the Trees and Bushes on the Banks of the River Three Foot Soldiers found him and he discovered himself for fear of being killed He was secured and sent to Lucena In the pursuit which lasted till Night above 1000 Horse were killed and among them Alatar being 90 Years of Age

about 700 sick and wounded following them as they recovered This Year was remarkable and fatal for the continual Rains and vast Floods that ensued which destroyed multitudes of Cattel and many Buildings At Sea there were prodigious Storms and a great number of Ships cast away Winter being farther advanced the Frost was so severe it destroyed all Plants and great numbers of Fruit-Trees This mighty Frost gave occasion to Charles Alonso called first the Palatine of Deuxponts and afterwards King of Sweden to perform the boldest Action that ever was attempted by Man This Prince about the end of November marched his whole Army in which were 5000 Horse with all the Artillery and Baggage over the Sea upon Ice from Jutland in Denmark to the Island Alsen and thence to Langelandt which is 8 miles distant from the other From Langelandt he marched still over the Ice to Laland thence to Falster and so to Zeelandt the greatest Island of Denmark in which is the Court of that Kingdom at Copenhagen In the Spring of this Year came to the Court of Madrid an Ambassador of the Black King of Arda a Heathen The Ambassador's Name was Abani he was received and entertained with all possible Grandeur the Design of his coming being to obtain Preachers for the introducing the Christian Religion into that Kingdom Twelve Capucins were appointed by the King for that Mission and in his Letters to that Prince he promised if the Faith were once settled in his Dominions he would erect Seminaries of that Nation not only in India but in Spain also for the Education of the Youth of Arda who having received Holy Orders should be sent home to instruct the People In Catalonia the Marquess of Mortara Viceroy and Captain General of that Kingdom understanding the French had laid siege to the Castle of Canderon marched from Vich with 1800 Horse and above 1000 Foot and encamped not far from Canderon in sight of the Enemy upon a Hill The Enemy seeing him pushed on their Attacks and at the same time in a small Plain drew out 2300 Horse and about 4000 Foot leaving enough to secure their Works Joseph de Tapia Governour of the Castle having by Signs given the Viceroy to understand that he could not hold out above two days his Excellency resolved to relieve him In order to it he sent down D. James Gavallero with the best part of our Forces to ford the River Ter which runs through the Valley on that part opposite to the Enemy's Right Wing Mean while the Viceroy himself drew up the rest of his Troops and marched down on the Right opposite to the Enemy's Left Wing D. James took no notice of 30 French that were in a Tower that stood in his way but passing by it charged the Enemy with such Bravery that he obliged them to fly in great Disorder At the same time D. Marco Alexandro Borro fell on upon the other Flank so that he gave them no leisure to succour their Wing that gave way D. James still advancing to the Enemy's Works found they kept close within them and therefore he sent D. Alexander Morera and D. Alonso de Villar to dislodge them who executed it killing a great number and taking two Pieces of Cannon that battered the Castle Our Foot on the Left Wing advanced to the Regiment of Champagne and put it to the rout D. James Cavallero pursued the flying Enemy thinking to cut off their Retreat but tho' he took several Prisoners he could not compass his Design the Horse being of little use in the Mountain We had not above 100 Men killed and wounded Of the Enemy a great number was killed and 1600 taken and among them the Marquess of Montnegre General of the Horse his Brother 7 Colonels 80 Captains several Colours and all the Baggage This Year a small Squadron of Privateers sailed from Majorca to the Westward under the Command of Jaime Llorens They scoured all the Mediterranean to the Streights of Gibraltar taking several Prizes of great Value and then failing into the Ocean ran all along the Coast of Portugal as far as Cape Finisterre alarming all those Coasts but meeting with no Booty they returned into the Streights The Duke of S. German had taken Olivença from the Portugueses who could not relieve it Emanuel de Saldana the Governour marched out with the Garrison and was Prisoner afterwards at Lisbon as not having performed his Duty After this it was proposed to take Elvas a City 3 Leagues distant from Badajoz seated on a rising Ground which is all taken up with it and the Citadel there being no other Hill near it It s ancient Walls are enclosed within new ones strengthened with Bulwarks Ditches Ravelins and a covered Way so that it is accounted one of the strongest Places in Christendom D. Luis de Haro resolved to carry this Place by starving it He encamped before it and took his Quarters near the Conduits that carry the Water into the City which were immediately cut off The Town was much straitned for want of Provisions and it was thought might have been taken but that our Officers were not unanimous and envied D. Luis de Haro the Honour of reducing that Fortress Discord so prevailed with them that they suffered the Enemy to relieve the Place and so they were forced with Disgrace to quit that Enterprize The Duke of Ossuna General of the Horse in Estremadura understanding that the Enemy gathered Forces about Elvas to break into his Province broke in himself with 5000 Horse that way burning the Country and driving a great Booty of Cattel The Enemy posted themselves with a Body of Horse and Foot on a Hill in the Duke's way and he finding it not practicable to attack them there endeavoured to draw them into the Plain but could not This moved the Duke to march another way the Portugueses keeping still within view whilst he burnt all the Country and retired without any loss The Duke of S. German upon the news of the Enemy's Preparations at Elvas resolved to send the Duke with 2000 Horse to make another Incursion higher into the Country On the 13th of April he set forwards and the next day was betwixt Portalegre and Aronches having all that way burnt the Villages drove the Cattel and cut down the Corn. To put a stop to these Mischiefs the Enemy to the number of 1500 Horse and 800 Foot posted themselves in an advantageous Ground where it was impossible to attack them by reason of the difficult access to them The Duke seeing they did not offer to molest him continued his march and having burnt all for the space of 22 Leagues returned with 8000 Head of small Cattel 1000 of large and 300 Horses and Mules On the 30th of May the Duke of Ossuna marched with 1300 Horse and 200 Foot to take a strong Watch-Tower within half a League of Elvas Having viewed the Place he placed 200 Horse in the Road to Campomayor

Enginier sent him by D. John of Austria he resolved to build a Fort Royal. The Work being drawn out and fresh Supplies coming in so that the Duke had 4000 Foot and 1200 Horse more was done in a Month than could reasonable have been imagined all the Officers and the Duke himself being continually present and encouraging the Men. The Portugueses fearing the raising of the Fort might prove of ill consequence to them gathered a Body of 10000 Foot and 1600 Horse resolving by the way to take Albergaria Their Design being discovered by the Duke he sent at midnight D. Antony de Isasie Lieutenant-General of Horse who put some Companies of Foot and other necessary Supplies into the Town which being known to the Enemy they drew back the Troops sent to invest it Being disappointed of that Enterprize they advanced towards the Duke who being far inferior in Number thought not fit to expose his Men in open Field but drew into the Fort which was now in a good posture of defence He caused a Tenail which was joined to the Fort by a Covered way to be finished and placed therein 1000 Foot and 200 Horse The rest of the Foot he drew into the Fort placing the Horse on the Flanks and expected that Night the Enemy who lay within Musquet-shot should make some attempt They stirred not but kept the same Ground two days the Cannon playing on both sides The Portugueses having Intelligence that 250 Horse and 300 Foot were on their way to reinforce the Duke sent out 1000 Horse to intercept them but the Duke sent them Orders to march another way and he at the same time alarming the Enemy's Camp they came safe to him The Duke hearing a Shot from Almeida guessed it to be a Signal of some Convoy that was coming to the Enemy he therefore commanded the Lieutenant-General of Horse with all the Cavalry and 500 Fire Arms to march out and intercept it He followed himself having advanced two Castilians to discover the Convoy they met two Battalions of the Enemy which retired hastily to their Body The Portugues marched another way than the Duke had thought who readily formed 6 Squadrons in the Vanguard and drew them off to receive them Our Vanguard charged theirs which also consisted of 6 great Squadrons and both Parties fought with such Courage that they changed their Ground ours being over-powered by the Multitude The Duke who was in the midst of them hasted to his main Battel where his Horse received two Carabine Shots and ordering them to charge the Portugueses in Flank broke both their Vanguard and main Battel pursuing them to their Foot with great Slaughter They rallied under the covert of their Musqueteers and that ours might have time to make up the Disorder caused by the Charge the Duke ordered the Reserve of the old Guards and Companies of D. Antony Ramirez and the Count de Bueto to advance The Enemy retired within their Lines having lost 700 Horse and among them many Persons of Note Their speedy retreat by Night sufficiently testified the loss they had sustained The great advantage of raising that Fort was that it covered all our Country and commanded a great part of the Enemy's above 40 Towns in a rich Soil being thereby brought under Contribution and the Enemy obliged to maintain great Garrisons in Alfayates Almeyda Castel Rodrigo and other Places In the Place where Fort Valdelamula stood was erected a Watch-Tower to hold sixteen Men who could thence discover all the Country about This Year came to Madrid Sir Richard Fanshaw Ambassador from his Majesty of Great Britain with his Wise and a great Retinue The Count of Peting also came from the Emperor to ask the Lady Margaret of Austria Daughter to King Philip IV. in Marriage The Articles being agreed upon were read in Council upon the 18th of December which was celebrated with great Demonstrations of Publick Joy and Satisfaction The Duke de Crequi the most Christian King's Ambassador at Rome having one of his Servants killed by some of the Pope's Guards by his Wife's Coach-side complained to the King his Master of this Affront who so highly resented it that the Pope was forced to give him all the Satisfaction he could demand In Denmark a Conspiracy was discovered against that King for which some Persons suffered death and others fled The King of Poland having broke off the Treaty of Peace with the Muscovites invaded their Territories doing great harm and taking many Towns The Turks entring Hungary with 150000 Men laid Siege to Newhausel which tho' well defended was at last forced to surrender after which several other places were taken They in vain attempted the Island of Schuts which was made good against them by Count Serini The Grand Visier after this prosperous Expedition leaving the Bassa Hali with sufficient Force upon the Frontiers returned to Constantinople Anno 1664. This Year not being remarkable for any Action at home because the War with Portugal was for the most part defensive and nothing considerable hapned therein it will not be amiss to make it up with something not altogether foreign that is the Success of the Wars betwixt the Emperor and the Turks I account this Relation not so much from our purpose in regard it belongs to the House of Austria and also that King Philip sent considerable Supplies in favour of his Imperial Majesty Leopold the Emperor on the 5th of January gave Audience to the Ambassador of the Most Christian King to the Diet of Ratisbon where his Imperial Majesty then was and the next day heard the Pontifical Mass and performed his Devotions to beg of God the Union of Christian Princes and Success of their Arms against the Turks It appeared Almighty God heard his Prayers for that very Day he obtained a compleat Victory over his Enemies under the Conduct of the Noble Count Serini who after a Peace was concluded betwixt the Two Empires was unfortunately killed by a Boar in Hunting The Count joining his Forces with Count Hohenloe marched out of Croatia with 12000 Horse and Foot and lay close in ambush in the Mountain for a Convoy of Provisions and Ammunition that was going to Newhausel guarded by 10000 Turks He fell upon them so successfully that he killed 4000 took 2000 Prisoners and carried away the Convoy to his own Castle of Serin Not above 60 Christians were lost in this great Action For this and other his good Services his Imperial Majesty declared Count Serini Generalissimo of all his Forces in Hungary He not enduring to be idle tho' never so short a time on the 18th of January marched again with 20000 Horse and Foot passed the Drave upon the Ice making himself Master of several of the lesser Strong Holds and burning and bringing under Contribution a great number of Villages On the 28th of the Month he came before Sigeth and leaving Count Hohenloe with his Troops to befiege it marched on himself to the Bridge of

receiv'd into Grace Asdrubal Barchinus was quarter'd about Betulon a City supposed to be in Andaluzia where now are Vbeda and Baeça As soon as the season of the Year which was of Rome 545. would permit Scipio advanced from Tarragona towards him but he having notice of it and suspecting the Courage of his Men as well as the fidelity of the Spaniards that were with him by Night mov'd his Camp to an Eminence the greatest part of the foot whereof was encompass'd by a River supposed to be Guadalquivir Upon this Hill were two Plains on the lower Asdrubal planted the Numidians Africans and Mallorquins on the upper he encamped with the gross of the Army Neither the roughness of the way nor the steepness of the ascent deterred Scipio from attacking the Enemy who had more confidence in the strength of the place than in the courage of his Men. All the difficulty was in mounting and nothing that the Enemy cast down fell in vain but as soon as they reached the first Plain and came to their Swords the Defendants fled to the upper The ascent thither was more craggy than the other and therefore they were obliged to go about and divide the Army into two parts Scipio marched towards the left and Lelius towards the right no sooner had they mounted and fallen on on both sides but the Enemy fled for they had neither room to draw out nor time to place their Elephants in the Front 8000 were slain 10000 Foot and 2000 Horse taken and among them Massiva a Youth Nephew to Massinissa lately come over from Africk Scipio gave him a Horse clad him richly and sent him away without Ransom to his Uncle Asdrubal having sent the Money and Elephants before made no stay till he came near to the Alps where Asdrubal the Son of Gisgo and Mago joyn'd him Having held a Consultation it was resolv'd that Asdrubal the Son of Gisgo should go into Lusitania and Massinissa with 3000 Horseshould infest the Province of HispaniaCiterior but that both of them should by all means avoid coming to a Battle Mago was sent to Majorca to raise sling Men in those Islands Lastly It was thought expedient that Asdrubal Barchinus should march into Italy as well in obedience to the Commands of the Senate as to secure the Spanish Soldiers that began to be inclinable to the Romans by removing them so far from home Thus the Cartbaginians on the other side Scipio because the Summer was almost spent returned to Tarragona thro' the Woods of Castulon and part of Sierra Morena where he spent all the next Year which was 546. without doing any thing remarkable the Forces of the Carthaginians being much broken From Carthage instead of Asdrubal Barchinus came Hanno to Govern Spain by the way he took up Mago in the Island of Majorca and landed in Spain in the Year of Rome 547. and immediately went to raise Men among the Celtiberi Scipio sent Syllanus against him who coming to a Battle first Routed Mago and then took Hanno who was marching to relieve him Next Scipio resolved to move towards Asdrubal the Son of Gisgo who was encamp'd near Cadiz but he having notice of it divided his Forces among the Garrisons despairing of being able to keep the Field This news coming to Scipio he turned back only sent his Brother Lucius to take Oringe a City of the Milessi Pliny places Oringe in the Province of Betica near where Jaen now stands This Enterprize was succesful for the Town was entred by Storm all the Carthaginians and 300 of the Townsmen that shut the Gates against the Romans were made Slaves the rest were set free and their Goods restored to them Winter drawing on the Army was sent into Quarters and Lucius to Rome with Hanno and other Prisoners where he gave an account of what had been done in Spain The Year following which was the 548 of Rome Asdrubal the Son of Gisgo gathered a mighty Army which with the Auxiliary Spaniards amounted to 50000 Foot and 4500 Horse and incamp'd in the Province Betica or Andaluzia near the City of Silia Scipio having intelligence hereof took only 3000 Spanish Foot and 500 Horse being warned by the fate of Father and Unkle not to place much Confidence in them With these Auxiliaries and the Romans Legions he marched towards Asdrubal Some day swere spent in Skirmishes and then both Armies drew out in order of Battle but neither car'd to give the first stroke Between the two Armies was a Valley and each expected the other should pass it first to keep the advantage of ground on which they stood at length Scipio adventured early one Morning to attack the Enemy in their Camp Asdrubal surpriz'd at this unexpected boldness plac'd his Horse in Front to check the adverse Cavalry that gave the first charge whilst he drew the rest of the Army into the field The Horse stood to it so Couragiously that the Fight a for long time was doubtful Scipio withdrew back his Cavalry into the center of his Battle and stretched out and advanced the Wings in which the Roman Legions fought Thus before the main Bodies joyn'd he made the Enemies Wings give way as being compos'd of Mallorquins and Spaniards both raw and unexperienced Soldiers and that came out fasting whereas the Romans were better provided tho' the Enemy at first retired in order and after fled outright yet the Romans could not enter their Camp by reason of some Rain that fell Asdrubal terrify'd with this misfortune and fearing least all his Allies should desert him as some had already done the following night quitted his Camp designing to get away by long Marches But in the Morning Scipio perceiving he was gone sent the Horse to fall upon his rear and keep them in play till the Legions coming up put them all to the rout great was the slaughter this day for of all that vast Army scarce 7000 escaped with their General who climbed a very craggy Mountain a place naturally strong Hence Asdrubal stole away privately to Cadiz and Scipio with part of his Army return'd to Tarragona leaving Syllanus with the rest to besiege them on the hill Among the Carthaginians was Massinissa who perceiving the Affairs of Carthage totally declin'd resolv'd to side with Fortune and accordingly had a private interview with Syllanus in order to come over to the Romans which is all that was remarkable in that Siege this happen'd in the beginning of Summer and so ended the power of the Carthaginians in Spain which then fell into the hands of the Romans in the 14th Year after Hannibal destroy'd Saguntum and the 5th after Scipio took upon him the Government of Spain This tedious and dangerous War in Spain being in a manner brought to a conclusion Scipio bent his designs against Africk and Carthage and in order to them Treated with Massinissa and sent him over into Africk to dispose his People to leave the Friendship

sent to them out of France and received with general Applause and great Acclamations The Commonalty strengthned by his coming a long time held out against the Viceroy But at last growing weary of the War they again returned to their Duty A general Pardon was granted them and they were received to Mercy in the King's Name by D. John of Austria The Duke of Guise endeavouring to escape was taken by the Spaniards Anno 1648. This Year was fatal to France for the Troubles there raised against the King in most part of the Kingdom but more especially at Paris by the Prince of Conde and Duke of Longueville the Heads of the Rebels The Marquis de Caracena making his Advantage of their Confusions with 8000 Foot and 4000 Horse invaded the Dukedom of Modena wasting and destroying all that Country so that the Duke forsaken by the French was forced to make use of the Duke of Parma to intercede for him and adjust all matters in difference The French Rebels having prayed Aid of the Archduke Leopold Governor of the Low Countries he marched with his Army as far as Senlis which is but 10 Leagues from Paris and having done nothing worthy that Trouble or Charge returned towards Flanders There ashamed of that fruitless Expedition tho it were Winter he ordered the Marquis Sprondiato to invest Ipres in order to besiege it The French Fleet commanded by Thomas Duke of Savoy infested the Coasts of the Kingdom of Naples but in its return lost 4000 Men cut off only by the Country People as they ravaged the Country The Marquis of Leganez who commanded upon the Frontiers of Portugal ordered D. Gregory Ibarra Commissary General of Badajoz to make an Inroad into the Enemies Frontiers with 6 Troops of Horse and drive all the Cattel He in pursuance of these Orders gathered about 400 Horse at Higuera and with them entered into Portugal on the 8th of November there they spent 2 Nights and a Day ransacking all the Houses and Villages in the Territories of Cerpa and Moura and gathering all the Cattel With this Booty they returned the 18th towards Castile to lye that Night near Oliva where all the Cattel was conveniently shut up in the enclosed Fields The Horse being dismounted to take their Rest Parties went out to discover whether the Enemy moved About 9 at night our advanced Centinels hearing the trampling of many Horses gave the Alarm by firing their Carabines The Enemy being discovered halted to order their Squadrons which gave our Men time to Mount and the Commissary-General to form them into two Squadrons ordering the foremost when charged to give way as if yielding to the Portugueses to break through that so he might take them in the middle His Contrivance accordingly fell out for they broke through to look for their Cattel but meeting with the 2d Squadron maintained the Fight about half an hour Then being hard pressed both before and behind they began to fly at the Flanks our Men not pursuing them far because of the Darkness of the Night Of the Enemy 40 were taken 52 killed and 90 wounded and 100 of their Horses were found On our side D. Gregory Ibarra and 5 Soldiers were wounded one Captain reformed and two Soldiers killed They stood all night at Arms and the next day marched to Xeres de los Cavalleros The Booty they brought consisted of 5000 Sheep and Goats 500 Swine 200 Oxen and Cows 70 Mules ●● Slaves and the 100 Horse taken in the Skirmish This Year the satifications of the Peace betwixt Spain and Holland were exchanged at Munster in Westphalia on the 15th and 16th of May. After which the Plenipotentiaries on both sides in the behalf of their Masters swore the Performance of the Articles Which done they embraced and all the Cannon of the Town was fired to express the publick Joy In the Spring the Plague broke out at Murcia Origueld and Elche and thence diffused it self to several other places tho not so destructive But it was lamentable to see the mighty havock it made at Sevil the most famous Mart of all Spain Anno 1649. The Archduke Leopold Governor of the Low Countries in May took the Field with a powerful Army to oppose the French who under the Command of the Prince of Conde had laid Siege to Ipres being informed there was but a small Garison in the Place The Prince to reinforce his Army drew 2000 Men out of Courtray which the Archduke understanding sat down before it and in two days was Master of the Town the Garison retiring into the Cittadel His Highness attacked the Plate which was surrendred to him upon honourable Conditions the 12th of May. The Blunder of this Town was considerable the Country People having carried the best of their Goods thither The Prince of Conde never stirred thinking the Archduke would have been taken up some days before Courtray However the Prince had Ipres delivered to him on the 15th of May the Garison marching out in honourable manner The Archduke encamped hard by in the open Field to draw the Enemy to a Battel which they refusing he sent a body of 1000 Horse and 6000 Foot to ravage the Countries of Picardy and Champagne They performed what was given them in charge so effectually that they struck a Terror into the City of Paris whence Orders were sent to the Prince to come to the relief of the City Mean while the French endeavoured to surprize Ostend before which appeared 6 great Men of War and several other lesser Vessels which immediately landed about 2000 Men. The Governor of Ostend perceiving them sent out some Parties to keep them in play till after long skirmishing some Supplied coming to him and being strong both in Horse and Foot he charged the Enemy with such Fury that they cryed out for quarter which was easily granted them 1200 Prisoners were taken and among them 2 Majors and 50 Captains Many were killed and drowned The Count de Harcourt having received strong Supplies from France laid Siege to Cambray on the 18th of June with 25000 Men and daily carried on his Works against the Town His Highness the Archduke kept his Horse continually in readiness contriving which way he might put some relief into the Town On the 2d of July he took two Soldiers of the Enemy who discovered to him which was the safest way to compass his Design He divided his Forces into three parts with two of which he charged the Enemy whilst the 3d commanded by Colonel Brullel broke through their Camp and put into the Town 800 Horse and 400 Foot whom the Horse carried behind them The Count de Harcourt perceiving the Succours were got into the Place thought it to no purpose to spend more time before it and drew off to Chastelet Sunday the 4th of July the Archduke marched into Cambray where after the Singing of Te Deum he was splendidly entertained by the Governor This done he marched with

of it he drew up his Men placing 3 Regiments on a rising Ground on the Left and as many on the Right which be cause it was not so advantageous a Post as the other he fortified the best the time would permit It being impossible by reason of the River to attack him any way but in the Front he drew up the Foot before the Horse This done he advanced himself to view the Enemy whom he discovered ranging his Battel about a Cannon-shot from him and leaving two Companies to advertise him of their Motion he returned to the Army He was scarce come to it when he perceived the two Companies retire the Enemy advancing with all speed to attack him Three Charges the Enemy gave upon the Right and Left Wing but the fiercest on the Right as being the weakest but our Foot behaved themselves with such Bravery that Grance was forced to retire having about 600 Men killed or wounded besides the Prisoners taken Next day the Enemy marched away towards Montferrat the Marquess tho' inferior to him in number keeping close after him Several days passed in this manner and the Marquess perceiving Grance's Design was to get Quarters in the rich Country up the Upper Novara he prevented him only by two hours The Floods now rising gave them a good Pretence to retire out of the Country and were a convenient Excuse for us to suffer them so to do without molestation Christina Queen of Sweden who inherited her Father the Great Gustavus Adolphus's Kingdom and his Wars sent this Year an Ambassador to the Court of Spain to settle Peace and Commerce between the Two Crowns He was favourably received and having concluded the Business he came about to his Satisfaction returned home to give an account of his Negociation Soon after King Philip to make his Peace the more firm and permanent sent D. Antony Pimentel y Prado his Ambassador to the Court of Sweden where he was received and entertained with all the Honours due to his Character In England the Usurper Oliver Cromwell this Year settled the Council of State Next he made War upon the Hollanders Then he marched into London with his Army formed a House of Commons to his own Mind and was at last declared Protector of the Commonwealth of England wanting nothing but the Title of King which he also aspired to His wonderful Fortune had raised him to that pitch that all Princes sought his Friendship and were jealous of his Power Anno 1654. Now was the Pantheon at the Escurial designed for the Burial of the Kings of Spain and began by King Philip II. finished by King Philip IV. All things being prepared with Magnificence for the Ceremony of Translating the Bodies on the 16th of March King Philip attended by a great number of the Nobility and Prelates repaired thither to be present at the Solemnity Each Body was carried by 3 Noblemen and 3 of the Religious of that House and were those of the Emperor Charles V. and his Empress King Philip II. and his Queen Philip III. and his Queen and Queen Elizabeth of Bourbon who had been Wife to Philip IV. then reigning The French passing the Mountains entred the County of Pucerdan and laid siege to the City of that Name a strong and populous Place and at that time well provided There they understood that our Horse had blocked up Roses in order to besiege it hereupon they rose and in 3 days came to Lampurdan which is usually 7 days march 400 of our Horse and 500 Foot lay at this Place Upon the approach of the Enemy our Foot retired but the Horse stood upon their Guard The Enemy's Vanguard consisting of 1000 Horse charged them and were so well received that they retired with loss but their main Body coming up our Men drew off in good Order At the same time 3500 Foot and some Horse were coming from Girona but perceiving the French went into Roses they turned back The Queen's Regiment consisting of 1000 Foot and a Body of 1300 Horse came now out of France to recruit their Army and entred by the way of Cabsir which is opposite to Cerdagne D. Thomas Ban̄uales a Catalonian Gentleman having notice of their coming gathered 500 of the Country-People and giving D. Peter Valencuela an account of his Design marched to meet them D. Peter followed them with 600 Men and finding the Catalonians already engaged so encouraged them and dismayed the Enemy that the Queen's Regiment was broke and above 600 of them taken as was most of the Horse and all their Baggage which the French affirmed to be worth 80000 Ducats there being a great quantity of Merchan dize King Philip being well satisfied of the great Abilities of D. John Francisco de Montemoyor y Cuenca and being sensible of the great Losses the Island Hispaniola has always sustained by Pirates constituted him Governor and Captain-General of that Island that with his Conduct he might Redress those Evils He perceiving the Island of Tortuga was their chief Resuge fitted out a Fleet for the Reducing of it At Monte Christi they met 3 French Ships come from Tortuga which being hard chased ran ashore where Two of them were taken and the other cast away The Fleet holding on its Voyage on the 8th of January 1654 came to Tortuga and landed the Forces at a Creek beyond the Fort. They marched forwards and possessed themselves of some Hills that Commanded the Fort which were vigorously defended by the Enemy On the 12th the Fleet drew near to Cannonade the Fort. Monsieur de la Fontain was Governor of the Island for the French he being summoned to surrender answered He would die rather than betray his Trust Yet seeing 16 Pieces of Cannon mounted and all hopes of Relief cut off he capitulated On the 19th of January about 500 Men Women and Children came out of the Fort and were shipped for their Plantations our Men at the same time taking possession This was the common Resuge of the Pyrates whence they went out to Rob all those Seas In the Castle were found 74 Pieces of Cannon Many Indian Slaves taken by the Enemy in the Year 1652 were set at liberty Two Ships one small Frigot and other lesser Vessels were taken After the reducing of the Fort another Vessel laden with Salt not knowing what had hapned came into the Harbour and was seized The Salt was divided among the owners of the Flocks of Basaha to salt meat for the Garrison in which were left 100 Spaniards and some Irish Ferdinand King of the Romans and of Hungary and Bohemia Son to the Emperor Ferdinand III died at Vienna upon the 4th of July of the small Pox Leopold of Austria his Brother succeeded him in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia and afterwards in the Empire which he still enjoys The Duke of Bragança King of Portugal pressed the Pope to fill up the vacant Sees of that Kingdom there being then but one Bishop in all