hundred Horse with which Antigonus himself engag'd This Squadron consisted of Three Troops of his Servants and as many of thers drawn up in equal Distances one from another supported by a Hundred Tarentines Round this Wing were plac'd Thirty of the strongest of his Elephants in form of an Half-Moon interlin'd with light-arm'd Men Many of the other Elephants he plac'd in the Front of the Phalanx of Foot and a few with some Horse in the Flank on the Left The Army array'd in this manner he march'd down upon the Enemy in an oblique Battel For he order'd the Right Wing to be stretch'd out far in length and the Left to be much contracted designing with this to make a Running Fight and to Engage Hand to Hand with the other And now the Armies drew near one to the other and Signal of Battel being given on both sides Shouts eccho'd one to another and the Trumpets sounded a Charge And first the Horse with Pitho fellon although they had no Forlorn either of Men or Elephants Ant. Ch. 314. for a firm Defence yet overpowering the Enemy in Number and Swiftness made use of that Advantage But looking upon it not safe to encounter the Elephants in the Front P. 687. they wheel'd about and pour'd in showers of Shot upon the Enemy in the Flank and with little or no Prejudice to themselves by reason of their speed and nimbleness of their Horses for they forely gall'd the Enemy who were neither able to fall upon the Assailants by reason of the Weight of their Arms nor in a Capacity to avoid them as Occasion requir'd Hereupon Eumenes seeing how the Right Wing was distressed by Multitudes of Archers on Horseback sent for some of the swiftest Horse from Eudamus who commanded the Left Wing and by this Body of Horse brought in from the other Wing though it were but small he made so fierce a Charge upon the Enemy being seconded by his Elephants that he easily put the Pithonians to flight and pursued them as far as to the Foot of the Mountains In the mean while the Foot fought stoutly a long time together at length after many falling on both sides the Eumenians routed them by the Valour of the * Argyraspides Silver Shields For though they were now very old yet by frequent use of their Arms in many Battels they so excell'd all others both as to Courage and Skill in their Weapons that none Ant. Ch. 314. were able to stand before them And therefore at this very time though they were only Three thousand yet they were the very Strength and Support of the whole Army When Antigonus perceiv'd that his Left Wing was routed and the whole * Battalion of Foot Phalanx put to flight though he was advis'd being that part of the Army with him was yet intire to retreat to the Mountains and receive in again those that were fled yet he would not hear of it but prudently making use of the present Opportunity both sav'd his own Men and gain'd likewise the Advantage For the Argyraspides with Eumenes and the rest of the Foot having put the Enemy to flight continu'd their Pursuit to the Foot of the Mountains Upon which Antigonus through an open Passage made into the Enemies main Body with a Party of Horse fell upon the Flank of Eudamus his Regiments which were in the Left Wing and by his sudden and unexpected Charge put them to flight and after the slaughter of Multitudes sent away some of the swiftest of his Horse to recall his own Men that were before fled and so caus'd them to rally at the Foot of the Mountains And Eumenes also perceiving the flight of his Men hasten'd to the Relief of Eudamus and recall'd by sound of Trumpet those of his that fled And now the Stars began to appear when the Generals having recall'd their flying Men on both sides prepar'd for Fight afresh such was the Heat and Vigour both of the Officers and Common Soldiers The Night was very clear and serene and the Moon at Full and the Armies being about Four Acres distant one over-against another the clattering of Arms and the neighing of Horses seem'd Ant. Ch. 314. on both sides as if they had been in the midst of one another It was now Midnight when they had drawn off about Thirty Furlongs from the Place of Battel where the Dead lay and by reason of the Troublesomness of the March and the Toils and Grievances of the Fight with the want likewise of Provision both sides were but in an ill Condition Therefore they were forc'd to leave off fighting and encamp Eumenes had a design to have march'd back to the Slain in order to have bury'd them as a sign of his being absolute Victor But the Army refus'd and all were instant with loud Cries to return to their Carriages which were then at a great distance from them so that he was forc'd to submit For being there were so many that affected the chief Command he had no Power to move the Army by Threats nor saw at that time any convenient opportunity to gain upon them that were Obstinate by Arguments and Intreaties But Antigonus on the contrary was an Absolute General without any dependance upon the Popularity P. 688. and therefore forc'd the Soldiers to encamp near the Dead Bodies and so gaining the Priviledge of burying the Dead he rais'd a Doubt who was Victorious saying That he who had Power to bury his Dead was ever to be esteem'd Conqueror of the Field In this Battel there were kill'd on Antigonus his side Three thousand and Seven hundred Foot and Fifty four Horse and above Four thousand wounded On Eumenes his Party were slain Five hundred and Forty Foot but very few Horse and above Nine hundred hurt Antigonus after the Battel was over perceiving that the Spirits of his Soldiers were very low resolv'd with all the hast he could to remove far off from the Enemies Camp Ant. ch 314. and that his Forces might march the more readily he sent away the wounded Men and heavy Baggage to a Town near at hand Then having bury'd the Dead about Break of Day detaining with him the Herald that was sent to him by the Enemy to beg the Bodies of the Dead even at that very Hour he commanded his Soldiers to dine At Night he discharg'd the Herald and gave Leave to come and bury the Dead the next day He himself presently at the first Watch of the night mov'd with his whole Army and by continu'd and long Marches got a long way off from the Enemy to a Country untouch'd where he had plenty of Provision for the refreshing of his Army For he march'd as far as to Gamarga in Media a Country under the Command of Pitho abounding in all Things for the maintaining of the greatest Armies Eumenes having Intelligence Antigonus marches back to Gamarga in Media by his Scouts that Antigonus was gone would not
and the Illyrians rais'd again great Forces and design'd another Expedition against the Macedonians And to aggravate the matter one * Son of Aeâ—opus who formerly had Usurp'd the Kingdom of Macedon Pausanias of the Royal Family by the assistance of the King of Thrace endeavour'd to Invade the Kingdom of Macedon The Athenians likewise Enemies to Philip endeavour'd to restore * Argaeus another Son of Aeropus Argaeus to the Kingdom of his Ancestors and to this purpose had sent away their General Mantias with Three Thousand well-arm'd Men and a most excellent well provided Navy Hereupon the Macedonians by reason of the late Defeat and the Storm that then threatned them were in great Fear and Perplexity However notwithstanding all the Difficulties and Fear of those things that were at hand Philip nothing discourag'd with those dreadful Clouds of Mischief that seem'd to hang over his Head by his Speeches in the daily Assemblies retain'd the Macedonians in their Duty and by his Eloquence wherein he excell'd stirring them up to be courageous reviv'd their drooping Spirits Then setting upon Reforming the Military Discipline he compleatly arm'd his Men and Train'd them every Day teaching them how to handle their Arms and other Postures of War He likewise instituted the new way of Drawing up into a close Body imitating the Heroes at Troy in locking their Shields one within another so that he was the first that found out the Macedonian Phalange He was very Courteous and Gaining in his Converse and wan the Peoples Hearts both by his Bounty at present and his generous Promises of future Rewards very Politickly likewise as it were by so many Engines defending himself against the many and various Ant. Ch. 358. Mischiefs that were pressing upon him For when he discern'd that the Athenians made it their great business to recover Amphipolis and that Argaeus was endeavour'd to be restor'd to his Kingdom for that end he left the * Amphipolis City of his own accord suffering them to govern themselves according to their own Laws He sent likewise an Ambassador to the Paeones and some of them he corrupted with Bribes others he ensnar'd with fair and winning Promises and for the Present made Peace with them He prevented likewise Pausanias from being restor'd by bribing the King that was ready to assist him for that purpose In the mean time Manthias the Athenian Admiral being arriv'd at * Methone in Macedonia Methone there lay but sent Aegaeus before with a Body of Mercenaries to †Aegae in Macedonia Aegae Coming to the City he endeavour'd to perswade the Aegaeans to allow of his Return and to appear the first for his Restauration to the Kingdom but none consenting he went back to Methone Presently after Philip advancing with a well appointed Army set upon them and cut off many of the Mercenaries the rest who had fled to a Hill near at hand having first delivered up to him the Fugitives he dismiss'd by Agreement Philip being now Conqueror in this first Battel greatly encourag'd the Macedonians and made them hearty and eager to undergo further Toils and Difficulties Whilst these things were acting the Thracians planted a Colony at Crenides as it was heretofore call'd which the King afterwards call'd Philippi after his own Name and fill'd it with Inhabitants From this Time Theopompus of Chiâ—s begins his History of Philip and continues it in Fifty eight Books of which Five are controverted Afterwards Eucharist us was Archon of Athens and Quintus Servilius and Lucius Genucius were Consuls at Rome when Philip sent Ambassadors to Athens with Proposals of Peace Olymp. 105. 2. An. M. 3613. Ant. Ch. 357. and prevail'd with the People upon the account that he was content to quit all his Right in Amphipolis Being therefore thus freed from the War with the Athenians and hearing that Agis King of the Paeones was dead he judg'd that a fair Opportunity was offer'd him to invade the Paeones And to that end he enter'd their Country with a considerable Army overcame them in Battel and forc'd them to stoop to the Macedonian Yoke But still the * Illyrium now Dalmatia and the Inhabitants Dalmatians or Sclavonians Illyrians remain'd an Eye-sore to him whom his Heart and all his Thoughts were continually at work to bring under To that end he call'd a General Council and by a Speech fitted for the Occasion having spirited the Soldiers to the War he led an Army into the Illyrians Country of no less than Ten thousand Foot and Six hundred Horse Bardylis King of the Illyrians hearing of his coming first sent Ambassadors to Philip to renew the League between them upon these Terms That both of them should keep those Towns that they then had To which Philip answer'd That he was very desirous of Peace but resolv'd not to admit of it before that the Illyrians had quitted all the Towns belonging to the Kingdom of Macedon The Ambassadors therefore being return'd without effecting any thing Bardylis confiding Ant. Ch. 357 in the Valour of his Soldiers and encourag'd by his former Victories march'd forth against his Enemies with a strong Army having with him Ten thousand choice Foot and Five hundred Horse When the Armies drew near one to another they suddenly set up a great Shout and so fell to it Philip being in the Right Wing with a strong Body of Macedonians commanded his Horse to wheel about to the end to charge the Enemy in the Flank and he himself charged the Front upon which there was an hot Engagement On the other side the Illyrians drew up in a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 like a Tilâ— foursquare Body and valiantly join'd Battel The Valour of the Armies on both sides was such that the issue of the Battel was doubtful a long time many fell but many more were wounded and the Advantage was now here and then there according as the Valour and Resolution of the Combatants gave Vigour and Life to the Business At length when the Horse charg'd both upon the Flank and the Rear and Philip with his stoutest Soldiers fought like a Hero in the Front the whole Body of the Illyrians were routed and forc'd to fly outright whom the Macedonians pursu'd a long way After many were kill'd in the pursuit Philip at length gave the Signal to his Men to retire and erected a Trophy and bury'd the Dead Then the Illyrians sent another Embassie and procur'd a Peace having first quitted all the Cities belonging to Macedon There were slain of the Illyrians in this Battel above Seven thousand Men. Having thus given an account of things done in Macedonia and Illyrium we shall now relate the Affairs of other Nations CHAP. II. The Actions of Dionysius the Tounger in Sicily and other Parts Dion's Flight to Corinth and his Return to Sicily Andromachus Peoples Tauromenum The Civil Wars in Euboea The Social War between the Athenians and other Nations Philip takes Amphipolis and
the Macedonians being in the Right Wing opposite to Darius who commanded the Left of the Persians in which were his Kindred and near Relations For there was a Regiment of a Thousand Horse compos'd only of such as were in greatest Reputation and Account for their Valour and special Love to the King These having him a Spectator of their Valour readily and chearfully receiv'd all the Darts that were cast at the King They were seconded by the Melephorians who were numerous and stout Men and with them were join'd the Mardians and Cisseans Men admir'd for their Courage and the Bulk of their Bodies Besides these there were Ant. Ch. 329. those of the King's Houshold and some of the stoutest of the Indians All these made a fierce Charge with a great Shout upon the Macedonians who were put very hard to it by reason of their Multitude * Mazeus Mazeus likewise in the Right Wing with a brave Body of Horse charg'd with that briskness that he laid many at his Feet at the first onset Then he order'd Two thousand Cadusian Horse and a Thousand more of the Scythians to take a compass round the Enemies Wings and to break in upon the Trenches that defended their Carriages who presently thereupon put in execution what they were commanded Thus having forc'd into the Macedonians Camp some of the Prisoners catch'd up Arms and join'd with the Scythians and rifled the Carriages Upon which through the suddenness of the Surprize a great Noise and Clamour arose throughout the whole Camp Then other Prisoners ran in to the Barbarians But Sisygambris the Mother of Darius would not stir though she was mov'd to it but with a kind of an affectionate Regard to her Condition continu'd in the same place not trusting to the uncertain Turns of Fortune nor judging it fit and honourable to manifest so much Ingratitude towards Alexander The Scythians having at length rifled most of the Carriages return'd to Mazeus and gave him an Account of the happy Success With the like good Fortune that Body of Horse with Darius put the Macedonians overpower'd with Number to flight While Ant. Ch. 329. the Victory seem'd thus to incline to the Persians by this second Success Alexander making it his only Business with all the speed possible to rally his broken Forces and to repair his Losses charg'd Darius with his own Brigade and some others of the bravest Horse in the Army The Persian King receiv'd the Enemy's Charge with great Resolution and fighting mounted upon his Chariot dispatch'd many with Darts that assaulted him neither were they few that defended him And while both Kings were eager to destroy one another Alexander in throwing a Dart at Darius miss'd him but kill'd his Chariot-driver Upon which those about the King that were at some distance set up a great Cry believing that the King was kill'd and forthwith betook themselves to their Heels and then the next to them follow'd Presently the Troops next to Darius himself gave ground by degrees till such time as he was left naked on one side and then he himself in a great Consternation made away with all speed The Persians being thus dispers'd the Horse in their flight rais'd so great a Cloud of Dust that Alexander and his Men who pursu'd close at the Heels of the Enemy could not see which way Darius fled Nothing was heard but the Groans of dying Men the trampling of Horses and continual Noise and Lashing of Whips In the mean time Mazeus in the Right Wing having the bravest and stoutest Horse of any of the Persians press'd grievously upon those Troops with whom he was Ant. Ch. 319. engag'd So that though Parmenio with the Thessalian Horse and others join'd with them were greatly distress'd yet he bore the Brunt for some time and at first through his own Valour and the Bravery of the Thessalian Horse worsted the Persians but the Horse with Mazeus by their Number bearing down the other that Wing of the Macedonians was quite routed so that a great Slaughter was made and there was now no standing before the Barbarians Parmenio therefore sent Horsemen after Alexander to intreat his Assistance with all speed who hasted away to execute the Orders and Command given But when they heard that a great part of the Army was fled they return'd without going further However Parmenio bestirring himself and rallying his Troops as well as he could with the help of the Thessalian Horse hew'd down many of his Enemies and at length with The Persians routed at Arbela much ado put the Barbarians to flight who were in Amaze and Consternation upon hearing that Darius was fled Darius in the mean time being an expert General and help'd by the thick Cloud of Dust took not his Course strait forward like the rest but turn'd a different way and so being not discern'd by reason the Dust rose so high escap'd clear away and brought all those that went along with him safe into the Towns and Villages that lay at the Backs of the Macedonians At length all the Barbarians taking to their Heels and the Macedonians killing all that Ant. Ch. 329 were in the Rear in a short time all that large Plain was cover'd over with dead Carkasses There were kill'd in this Battel of the Barbarians Horse and Foot above Ninety thousand of the Macedonians Five hundred only but great Multitudes wounded Amongst whom Hephestion one of the bravest of Alexander's Commanders and Captain of his Guard was shot through the Arm with a Dart. Perdiccas Cenas Menidas and some others likewise were wounded And this was the Issue of the Battel at Arbela CHAP. VI. The Graecians conspire to Revolt Memnon rebells in Thrace Antipater marches against him The Lacedaemonians raise an Army are routed by Antipater and Agis their King kill'd ARistophon was at that time Lord Chancellor of Athens and Cneius Domitius and Aulus Olymp. 112. 3. Ant. Ch. 328. An. M. 3620. Cornelius were created Roman Consuls when many of the Cities of Greece upon the News of the Victory at Arbela began to bestir themselves to defend their ancient Liberties whilst the Persians had any Power left to assist them and therefore resolv'd to assist Darius with Monies to raise Foreign Soldiers from all Parts For they concluded that Alexander durst not divide his Army lest he should disturb them but if they should suffer the Persians to be destroy'd they were not able of themselves to defend their Liberties And an Insurrection in Thrace encourag'd them the more to Revolt For Memnon being sent General into Thrace having both Courage and Force sufficient at the Instigation of the Barbarians rebell'd and with a great Army now appear'd in open War Upon which Antipater gather'd all his Forces together and march'd through Macedonia into Thrace against Memnon Things thus falling out the Lacedaemonians judging that now a fair Opportunity was offer'd them to prepare for War sollicited the Graecians to Confederate
Army was gone he perceiv'd a Trick was put upon him However he went on with what he before design'd and to that end giving the Word of Command to his Army to march he posted away with that haste and speed as if he had been in a Pursuit But when he understood that Eumenes was got Two Watches of the Night six Hours march before him and so P. 68â— perceiving he was not able at so great a distance to overtake him with his whole Army he contriv'd as follows he deliver'd the rest of the Army to Pitho willing him to come softly after him and he himself posted away with the Horse About spring of Day he came up even with the Rear of the Enemy's Army as they were marching down a Hill upon the Top of the Mountain he made a Halt and presented himself to the View of the Enemy Eumenes at a convenient Distance seeing the Enemy's Horse conceiv'd the whole Army was near at hand and therefore made a Stand and drew up his Men in order of Battel as if they should forthwith Engage In this manner these two Generals put Tricks one upon another as if they were striving which should out-wit one the other hereby shewing that all their hopes of Victory lay and were grounded upon their own Stratagems By this means therefore Antigonus put a stop to the Enemy's march and gain'd time for his Army to come up to him which at length joining with him he drew up in Battalia and in that order march'd down the Hill in a terrible manner upon the Enemy The whole Army with those brought in by Pitho and Selencus amounted to above Eight and Twenty thousand Foot Eight thousand and Five hundred Horse and Sixty Ant. Ch. 3â—4 five Elephants Both the Generals rang'd their Armies in an Array that was strange and unusual as if they strove which should excell each other even in this piece of Art also In the Left Wing Eumenes plac'd Eudamus the Captain of the Elephants from India who Battel between Eumenes and Antigonus in the Country of the Pareteceni had with him a Body of an Hundred and fifty Horse In Front of these were drawn up Two Squadrons of choice Horse arm'd with Launces Fifty deep and were all join'd to them who were plac'd upon the rising Ground near the Foot of the Mountain Next to them was drawn up Stafandrus with Nine hundred and fifty of his own Horse After these he order'd Amphâ—machus Lord-Lieutenant of Mesopotamia who had under his Command Six hundred Horse Next to them were drawn up the Horse from Arachosia lately commanded by Sibycitus but by reason he was then fled the Command was given to Cephalus Close to these were Five hundred Horse from Paropamisada and as many Thracians from the upper Colonies In the Van of all these stood Five and forty Elephants drawn up in a Half-Moon lin'd with so many Archers and Slingers as was thought fit Then he drew up his main Body of Foot in a Phalanx in this manner At the farthest Point were plac'd above Six thousand Foreign Soldiers then five Thousand out of several Countries arm'd after the manner of the Macedonians after these were drawn up no more than Three thousand Argyraspides but Men never conquer'd and for their Valour dreaded by the Enemy And lastly after all Three thousand Targateers of the Life-Guard which together with the Argyraspides were commanded by Antigenes and Tautamus And in the Van of this Phalanx stood Forty Elephants lin'd with light-arm'd Men. Next to the Phalanx in the Right Wing he drew up Eight hundred of Carmanian Horse under the Command of Tlepolimus the Governor of that Province and after them Nine hundred who were call'd Companions Then the Squadron of Antigines and Peucestes being Three hundred Men in one Troop In the utmost part of the Wing was plac'd Eumenes his own Regiment consisting of as many Horse and before these was a Forlorn-Hope made up of Eumenes his Servants plac'd in two Bodies consisting of Fifty Horse apiece There were likewise Two hundred Horse drawn up into Four Squadrons P. 686. and plac'd in the Flank at a distance from the main Wing to be a Guard to that part And besides all these he plac'd Three hundred Horse cull'd out of all the Provinces for strength and speed to be a Guard to the Rear of his Squadron And in the Van of this Wing thus array'd were plac'd Forty Elephants for the better Defence of the whole Eumenes his whole Army amounted to Five and thirty thousand Foot Six thousand and one hundred Horse and One hundred and fourteen Elephants Antigonus observing from the Top of the Hills how the Army of the Enemy was drawn up drew up his likewise so as might be most convenient to the present Circumstances Ant. Ch. 314. For taking notice that his Enemy's Right Wing was very strongly guarded with Horse and Elephants he fronted them with the choicest of his own Horse who being in small Parties at a considerable distance one from another might Charge in manner of a Running Fight wheeling off one after another and so still renew the Fight by fresh Men. And by this means the Strength of that part of the Enemy's Army wherein they plac'd their greatest Confidence was wholly eluded For in this Phalanx he had plac'd about a Thousand Archers and Launceteers on Horseback out of Media and Armenia who had ever been us'd to this way of Charging by Turns Next to them were drawn up Two thousand and Two hundred Tarentines who came up with him from the Sea Coasts who were Men very expert in laying Ambuscades and contriving other Stratagems of War and had a great Respect and Kindness for him A Thousand likewise out of Phrygia and Lydia Fifteen hundred under the Command of Pitho and Four hundred Spear-Men led by Lysanias After all these follow'd those call'd the * Anthippi i. e. Enemies or Opposers of the Horsemen Anthippi and them out of the higher Provinces to the number of Eight hundred And of this Body of Horse was the Left Wing compleated and made up all under the Command of Pitho In the main Battel of Foot were plac'd in the Front Nine thousand Foreigners next to them Three thousand Lycians and Pamphilians and above Eight thousand out of divers Nations Arm'd after the Macedonian manner and in the Rear were the Macedonians Ant. Ch. 314. to the number of Eight thousand which Antipater had formerly sent as Recruits when he took upon him the Government of the Kingdom In the Right Wing of Horse close to the Right of the Phalanx of Foot were first plac'd Five hundred Mercenaâ—ies next to them a Thousand Thracians and as many Confederates and close after them were a Thousand call'd Companions These were all commanded by Demetrius the Son of Antigonus which was the first time he appear'd in Arms to assist his Father In the utmost part of the Wing were plac'd Three
account of his Youth and the hazardous Battel that was presently to be fought For he was not only to try the Fortune of War against a greater number of Men but against the most Eminent and Expert Commanders of the Age Ptolemy and Seleucus who had been Captains under Alexander in all his Wars and had been often Generals of their own Armies never conquer'd to that day Demetrius therefore after he had with winning and obliging Expressions courted the The Battel between Ptolemy Seleucus and Demetrius at Gaza Soldiers and promis'd Rewards suitable to every Man's Merit drew up the Army in Battalia In the Left Wing where himself intended to be he plac'd first Two hundred choice Horse amongst whom with other of the Nobility was Pitho who had serv'd under Alexander and had been made General of all the Forces by Antigonus and Fellow-Partner with him in all his Concerns In the Front he plac'd Three Regiments of Horse and as many Flankers to support them At a distance out from the Wing were Three other Regiments of Tarentines to the end that Five hundred Horsemen with Lances and a Hundred Tarentines might be ready at hand as the King's Lifeguard Next he plac'd Eight hundred Horse which were call'd Associates and after them Fifteen hundred out of several Nations and before the whole Wing stood as a Guard Ant. Ch. 310. Thirty Elephants lin'd with light-arm'd Men of whom a thousand were Darters and Archers and Five hundred Persian Slingers And in this manner was the Left Wing drawn up with which he intended to make the Onset Then was rang'd the main Battel consisting of Eleven thousand Foot of whom Two thousand were Macedonians and a Thousand Lycians and Pamphylians and Eight thousand hir'd Soldiers In the Right Wing he drew up the rest of the Horse to the number of Fifteen hundred under the Command of Andronicus who had Orders to keep in an oblique Line and make a running Fight of it still observing how it went with Demetrius The rest of the Elephants to the number of Thirteen he plac'd before the main Battel of the Foot lining them with as many light-arm'd Men as were sufficient And in this manner Demetrius drew up his Army As for Ptolemy and Seleucus at the first they made it their Business to place their greatest Strength in their Left Wing not knowing what the Enemy design'd But being afterwards inform'd by their Scouts what was done they forthwith so drew up as that the greatest Strength being in their Right Wing they might be the better able to engage with Demetrius in the Left and therefore in that Wing were drawn up Three thousand of the best Horse amongst whom they themselves intended to charge Before these were plac'd those who bore an artificial Palisado before them sharp-pointed with Iron and fasten'd together with Chains prepar'd against the Shock of the Elephants for this being P. 717. drawn out in length it was an easie matter by this means to put a stop to their further Career In the Front of this Wing were plac'd light-arm'd Soldiers who were commanded to ply the Elephants and their Riders with Darts and Arrows as they came on The Ant. Ch. 310. Right Wing being thus drawn up and the rest of the Army so dispos'd as the present Occasion at that time most requir'd they led forth the Army with a great Shout towards the Enemy who on the other side drawing down upon them the Fight was begun by the Horse in the Fronts of both Wings where the Demetrians had much the better but within a little time after the Ptolemeans and Seleucians having surrounded the Wing made a fierce Charge with their whole Body upon which through the Resolution of both Parties there follow'd a very sharp Engagement Upon the first Onset they fought with their Lances where many were kill'd and as many wounded on both sides Then they fell to it with their Swords and there thronging together thrust one another through and fell in heaps together The Generals exposing themselves to the utmost Hazard led on their Men and encourag'd their Troops to stick to it like valiant Men. The Horse that were plac'd to guard the Wings were all Brave and Gallant Men and having their Commanders who fought together with them Eye-witnesses of their Valour strove to outvie one another And now the Fight between the Horse had been for a long time doubtful when the Elephants forc'd on by the Indians made so terrible an Onset as if it had been impossible for any to have stood before them But when they came up to the Palisado the Archers and Darters sorely gall'd both the Beasts and their Riders and being still forc'd on forward and whipt up by the Indians some of them stuck upon the sharp Points of the Palisado with which together with the multitude of Darts and Arrows that gall'd them they were in that Pain and Torment that they caus'd an horrible Tumult and Confusion For these Creatures in plain and even Places bear down all before them but in those that are Rough and Craggy they are of no use or service because of the tenderness of their Feet Ptolemy therefore wisely foreseeing of what advantage this Palisado Ant. Ch. 310. would be by that means frustrated the Rage and Fury of the Beasts At length most of the Indians that rid them being kill'd all the Elephants were taken upon which the greatest part of Demetrius his Horse were in such a Consternation that they forthwith fled and he himself was left with a very few that attended him but not being able with Demetrius routed all the Arguments he could make to persuade his Men to stand their Ground and not forsake him he was forc'd likewise to retreat A great part of the Horse that follow'd the other retir'd in good Order and kept themselves unbroken till they came to Gaza so as that none of the Pursuers durst hastily fall upon them For the Field being a large even Plain they had the more Liberty to draw off in order and retreat in a form'd Body Some likewise of the Foot who judg'd it the best course to forsake their Colours and look to themselves cast away their Arms and follow'd the Horse About Sun-setting * Demetrius he pass'd by †Gaza in Judaea where Sampson carried away the Gates Gaza but some of the Horse left him and enter'd the City to fetch out some Luggage The Gates therefore being open and the Streets full of Sumpter Horses and all busie in leading and carrying out their Goods there was such Disorder and Thronging at the Gates that upon the approach of the Ptolimeans none could get up to them to shut them to prevent their Entry so that the Enemy breaking in the City thus fell into the hands of Ptolemy And this was the Issue of this Battel Demetrius without stop or stay about Midnight came to * Asdod in Judaea now a small Village call'd
out to the end that none might see what they were doing lest it should be nois'd abroad and come to the Ears of the Indians Having therefore provided Shipping and Elephants in the space of two years in the third she randezvouz'd all her Forces in Bactria Her Army consisted as Ctesias says of three Millions of Foot * 500000 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but in the margent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 200000. two hundred Thousand Horse and a hundred Thousand Chariots and a hundred Thousand Men mounted upon Camels with Swords four Cubits long The Boats that might be taken asunder were two Thousand which the Camels carry'd by Land as they did the Mock-Elephants as we have before declar'd The Souldiers made their Horses familiar with these feign'd Beasts by bringing them often to them lest they should be terrify'd at the Sight of them which Perseus imitated many Ages after when he was to fight with the Romans who had Elephants in their Army out of Africa However this Contrivance prov'd to be of no Advantage either to him or her as will appear in the Issue herein a little after related When Stabrobates the Indian King heard of these great Armies and the mighty Preparations made against him he did all he could to excel Semiramis in every thing And first he built of great Canes four Thousand River-boats For abundance of these Canes grow in India about the Rivers and Fenns so thick as a Man can scarce fathom And Vessels made of these Reeds they say are exceeding useful because they 'l never rot or be worm-eaten He was very diligent likewise in preparing of Arms and going from Place to Place throughout all India and so rais'd a far greater Army than that of Semiramis To his former Number of Elephants he added more which he took by hunting and furnish'd them all with every thing that might make them look terrible in the Face of their Enemies so that by their Multitude and the Compleatness of their * Breastplates Armour in all Points it seem'd above the Strength and Power of Man to bear up against the violent Shock of these Creatures Having therefore made all these Preparations he sent Embassadours to Semiramis as she was on her March towards him to complain and upbraid her for beginning a War without any Provocation or Injury offer'd her and by his private Letters taxed her with her whorish Course of Life and vow'd calling the Gods to witness that if he conquer'd her he would nail her to the Cross When she read the Letters she smil'd and said the Indian should presently have a Trial of her Valour by her Actions When she came up with her Army to the River Indus she found the Enemies Fleet drawn up in a Line of Battle whereupon she forthwith drew up her own and having mann'd it with the stoutest Souldiers joyn'd Battle yet so ordering the Matter as to have her Land-forces ready upon the Shoar to be assisting as there should be Occasion After a long and sharp Fight with Marks of Valour on both sides Semiramis was at length victorious and sunk a Thousand of the Enemies Vessels and took a great number of Prisoners Puffed up with this Success she took in all the Cities and Islands that lay in the River and carry'd away a hundred Thousand Captives After this the Indian King drew off his Army as if he fled for Fear but in Truth to decoy his Enemies to pass the River Semiramis therefore seeing things fall out according to her wish laid a broad Bridge of Boats at a vast Charge over the River and thereby passed over all her Forces leaving only threescore Thousand to guard the Bridge and with the rest of her Army pursu'd the Indians She plac'd the Mock-Elephants in the Front that the Enemies Scouts might presently inform the King what Multitudes of Elephants she had in her Army And she was not deceiv'd in her hopes for when the Spies gave an Account to the Indians what a great Multitude of these Creatures were advancing towards them they were all in amaze inquiring among themselves whence the Assyrians should be supply'd with such a vast number of Elephants But the Cheat could not be long conceal'd for some of Semiramis's Souldiers being laid by the Heels for their Carelesness upon the Guard through Fear of further Punishment made their Escape and fled to the Enemy and undeceiv'd them as to the Elephants upon which the Indian King was mightily encourag'd and caus'd Notice of the Delusion to be spread through the whole Army and then forthwith march'd with all his Force against the Assyrians Semiramis on the other hand doing the like When they approach'd near one to another Stabrobates the Indian King plac'd his Horse and Chariots in the Van-guard at a good distance before the main Body of his Army The Queen having plac'd her Mock-Elephants at the like distance from her main Body valiantly receiv'd her Enemies Charge but the Indian Horse were most strangely terrify'd for in Regard the Phantasms at a distance seem'd to be real Elephants the Horses of the Indians being inur'd to those Creatures prest boldly and undauntedly forward but when they came near and saw another sort of Beast than usual and the smell and every thing else almost being strange and new to them they broke in with great Terror and Confusion one upon another so that they cast some of their Riders headlong to the Ground and ran away with others as the Lot happen'd into the midst of their Enemies Whereupon Semiramis readily making use of her Advantage with a Body of choice Men fell in upon them and routed them forcing them back to their main Body And though Stabrobates was something astonish'd at this unexpected Defeat yet he brought up his Foot against the Enemy with his Elephants in the Front He himself was in the right Wing mounted upon a stately Elephant and made a fierce Charge upon the Queen her self who happen'd then to be opposite to him in the left And tho' the Mock-Elephants in Semiramis's Army did the like yet they stood the violent shock of the other but a little while for the Indian Beasts being both exceeding strong and stout easily bore down and destroy'd all that oppos'd them so that there was a great Slaughter for some they trampl'd under foot others they rent in pieces with their Teeth and toss'd up others with their Trunks into the Air. The Ground therefore being cover'd with Heaps of dead Carcases and nothing but Death and Destruction to be seen on every hand so that all were full of Horror and Amazement none durst keep their Order or Ranks any longer Upon which the whole Assyrian Army fled outright and the Indian King encountred with Semiramis and first wounded her with an Arrow in the Arm and afterwards with a Dart in wheeling about in the Shoulder whereupon the Queen her Wounds not being mortal fled and by the Swiftness of her Horse which far exceeded
not as they pretended recover the Cape or Promontory of Malea But other Writers say that this was rather done out of Policy that they might observe how the issue of the War was like to succeed and submit to the Persians if they were Victors and that the Grecians if they were Conquerors might believe they came so far in order to assist them But when News was brought to the Athenians that were at Salamis that their Country was burnt up and the Temple of Pallas laid in Rubbish they were extreamly griev'd and dejected An exceeding fear likewise seiz'd the other Grecians seeing themselves besieged as it were by the Enemy on every side coopt up together within Peloponesus And therefore it was determin'd that the Leaders Consultations among the Grecians concerning Fighting at Sea and Officers should consult and give their Opinion what place was fittest and most convenient wherein to try their Fortune in a Sea-Fight Many and various Opinions were proposed and bandied to and fro in this matter The Peloponesians as those who only minded their own security advised that the Fight might be near the Isthmus For Fortifying the Isthmus with a strong Wall if things did not succeed they might presently withdraw themselves into Peloponesus as into a Place of greatest Safety and Defence But if they should be penned up in the little Island Salamis they should run into Mischiefs inextricable But Themistocles advised to fight at Salamis for that within the Straights they were sure to have the Advantage where they might fight with a few Ships against many On the other hand he made it out that to fight near the Isthmus would be great disadvantage to them for they must fight in the open Sea where the Enemy would have room to make use of the whole Fleet by which a few Vessels as they were would soon be destroyed by such a Multitude These Reasons and many others to the same purpose in reference to the Business in Hand being seasonably and wisely offer'd by Themistocles brought over all the rest to his Opinion It being now therefore determin'd in this General Council to Fight within the Straights of Salamis the Grecian Captains with all speed prepared themselves for Battel against the Persians Euribiades therefore together with Themistocles began to encourage the People against the Danger approaching But they were P. 251. struck with such Terror and Fear of the great Power of the Persians that they regarded not the Advice or Commands of their Leaders and Officers but every one to save himself hasted with all speed to pass over from Salamis to Peloponesus Neither were the Grecian Forces by Land seized with less Fear and Terror by reason of the great Power of the Enemy being likewise much dejected by the Slaughter of those valiant Men at Thermopile And then the misery of the Atheniaus was ever before their Eyes which amazed them and put a damp upon all their Hopes Upon which the * In Peloponesus General Council discerning the Tumult and distracting Fears among the People made an Order for the Inclosing of the Isthmus with a Wall and thereupon many Hearts and Hands joining together the Work was compleated And so the Peloponesians defended themselves by a Wall drawn out along from †A Port of Corinth Lecheum to Cenchrea * Five Miles Forty Furlongs But now the Fleet at Salamis was in a Mutiny and in that degree of Fear that none would obey their Officers Themistocles therefore perceiving that Euribiades the Admiral of the Fleet was not regarded and that the Violence of the Furious Popularity could not be restrained and considering likewise that the Straits and Difficulties of the Places at Salamis were of great Advantage in order to obtain the Victory resolved upon this Project He commanded one chosen A Stratagem of Themistocles out for that purpose to go privately as a Deserter to the King to let him know that the Grecians had resolved to pass over with all their Fleet from Salamis into the Isthmus Xerxes gives credit to what was related as a thing very probable and therefore resolved with all haste and diligence to prevent the Land and Sea-Forces of the Grecians from joining and to that purpose commanded the Ships he had from Egypt forthwith to possess themselves of the Straits and narrow Seas between Salamis and Megaris and orders the rest of his Navy to make for Salamis and there without delay to Fight the Enemy The King's Gallies were drawn up distinctly according to their several Natiòns that being all of one and the same Language they might more readily aid and assist one another The Fleet setting forth in this Order the Phaenicians were in the Right Wing and the Grecians joyn'd with the Persians were plac'd in the Left In the mean time the Officers of the Ionians sent with great Secrecy a certain Samian unto the Grecians to acquaint them what the King determined and in what Method and order all things were hastning forward and that they themselves as soon as the Battel was join'd were resolved to desert the Barbarians All which when the Samian had thus privily discover'd to Euribiades Themistocles The Sea Fight at Salamis his Matters succeeding according to his Hearts desire and as he had contrived with great Joy encourag'd the Navy to Fight The Grecians recovering their Spirits at the Message sent by the Ionians and stirred up with fresh hope by the present Circumstances of Affairs to Fight against their former Determinations loosed from Salamis with great Resolution And now the Fleet being disposed in order of Battel by Euribiades and Themistocles the Left Wing was committed to the Lacedemonians and Athenians against the Phenicians the Enemy's Right Wing The Phenicians were at that time in great Reputation for Maritime Affairs as well by reason of the multitude of their Shipping as for their singular and ancient Skill in Navigation The †Of the Island Aegina Aegineans and those of Megara were plac'd in the Left Wing for these were conceived next to the Athenians to be the best Seamen and it was concluded that they would fight with the greatest Obstinacy and Resolution in regard they had no where to fly with the rest of the Grecians for Security if they were put to the worst The middle Battel was supplied by the rest of the Grecians Things being thus order'd and prepar'd they forthwith set sail and possess'd themselves of the Straits and Passages between Salamis and Heraclea As for the King he commanded the Admiral of his Fleet that without any stop or delay he should set upon the Enemy And he plac'd himself upon an Eminence over against the Island of Salamis from whence he might see all the Passages of the Battel The Persians indeed at the First while they could sail in the open Seas every P. 252. one kept his station But when they began to enter the Straits many of the Ships were Forc'd
to make War upon them both at once Dionysius likewise himself divided his Forces some against the Italiots and others against the Carthaginians Whereupon many light skirmishes pass'd between Parties here and there every day but nothing was as yet done of any moment But there afterwards hapned Two great Battles that were especially famous and remarkable in one of which at a place call'd Cabala Dionysius made himself noted Dionysius routs the Carthaginians at Cabala in Sicily for his Valour and routed the Enemy killing above Ten thousand of them and taking Five thousand prisoners forc'd the rest to fly to a Hill that was fortify'd but altogether without Water In this Fight Mago their General was kill'd behaving himself with great Gallantry and Resolution The Carthaginians terrify'd with the greatness of this Slaughter sent forthwith Ambassadors to make Peace with Dionysius but he P. 466. return'd them Answer that there was only one way left for them to make peace with him and that was forthwith to quit all the Cities of Sicily and to reimburse all the charge of the War This Answer was lookt upon as harsh and proud Therefore they betook themselves to their old Arts of Fraud and Deceit For they seem'd as if they allow'd of his terms but pretended that it was not in their power to deliver up the Cities to him therefore they desired a Truce for some few days that they might consult with the Magistrates concerning this Affair which he agreed unto He was much transported at the Ant. Ch. 381. Truce having now a prospect presently as he conceiv'd to be Lord of all Sicily In the mean time the Carthaginians bury'd Mago their King with great Pomp and State putting his Son into the same place who tho' he was very young yet there were marks and appearances in him of more than ordinary Wisdom and Valour This new General spent all the time of the Truce in Training and Disciplining of his Soldiers so that what with his daily Diligence exact Directions and frequent exercise of their Arms he had an Army both readily subject to Command and hardy and strong for Service And now the time of the Cessation expir'd and the Armies on both sides came hastily into the Field and at Cronion was a sharp Engagement where God gave the Carthaginians Another Battle at Cronion where Dionysius was beaten the Victory to make amends for their former slaughter For they who were grown proud and boasting by their Victory a little before were now as low and poor spirited On the other hand they who were altogether dejected and in despair by reason of their overthrow had their Spirits on a sudden rais'd by their great and unexpected success For Leptines who commanded one of the Wings a valiant Man signaliz'd himself and there sell in the Bed of Honour after he made a great slaughter amongst his Enemies After whose Fall the Carthaginians pluckt up their Spirits and at length put their Enemies to flight Dionysius with those choice Men he had with him at the first worsted those that charg'd him but when the death of Leptines was known and the other Wing was discern'd to be broken and dispers'd that part of the Army with Dionysius fled likewise Upon which the whole Body betaking themselves to their heels the Carthaginians made a hot pursuit and gave Orders that no Quarter should be given so that all being kill'd that came to hand every place for a long way together was strow'd and cover'd with dead Bodies The Carthaginians in revenge of their former loss had made so Ant Ch. 301. great a slaughter that when the slain came to be bury'd they were found to amount to above Fourteen thousand Sicilians and it was by the advantage of Night only that the rest escap'd The Carthaginians having now gain'd so great and remarkable a Victory return'd to Panormas However as it became Men they us'd their Prosperity with great Moderation and sent Ambassadors to Dionysius to offer him Terms of Peace which he readily embrac'd And all was concluded upon these conditions That both sides should keep what they had before the War save only that the Carthaginians should have the City and Territory of Selinuntia and part of the Country of Agrigemum Peace concluded by the Carthaginians with Dionysius as far as to the River Alycum and that Dionysius should pay a Thousand Talents to the Carthaginians And thus stood Affairs in Sicily at that time In Asia Gaius Admiral of the Persian Fleet who had rebell'd against the King after he had engag'd the Lacedemonians and Aegyptians to his Interest was Murther'd secretly Gaius Murther'd P. 467. Tachos Rebels against the King of Persia Ant. Ch. 381. by some body unknown and so fall'd of his Designs After whose Death Tachos pursuing the same Design got an Army together and built a City upon an high Rock joining to the Sea call'd Leuca where he built a Chappel to Apollo but he dy'd likewise a little after upon whose death the Clazomenians and they of Cuma fell at strife and variance for the Town which at first they went about to decide by force of Arms But afterwards by the advice of some Person consulting the Oracle of Delphos to know to which of the Cities Leuca should belong The Prophetess Answer'd That it should be theirs who should first sacrifice at Leuca but that both should set forth from their Cities at the rising of the Sun upon one and the same day as they themselves should agree upon Accordingly Contention between them of Cuma and them of Clazomenia about Leuca the day was set the Cumeans in the mean time lookt upon themselves to have the advantage because their City was nearer than the other But the Clazomenians tho' they were more remote yet contriv'd this project to gain their end They sent some of their Citizens chosen by Lot to a Colony of theirs not far from Leuca and from thence at Sun rising they began their Journey and so finish'd their Sacrifices before them of Cuma Having gain'd Leuca by this trick in memory thereof they appointed a yearly Festival which they call'd Prophthasia from this their coming first to Leuca These things thus done all Rebellions in Asia were at an end and the Lacedemonians now after the death of Gaius and Tachos would have no more to do with Asia but set their Heads at work how to advance their power in Greece And having persuaded some of the Cities and forc'd others to receive their Exiles they possess'd themselves of the Sovereighty of the whole manifestly against the League amongst all the Grecians made by Antalcydas by the help of the King of Persia In Macedonia King Amyntas after he was overcome by the Illyrians in despair of being able to help himself bestow'd a large Tract of Land upon the Olynthians which lay near to them as never thinking to be restor'd again to his Kingdom The Olynthians enjoy'd this Peace for
in this Affair For being call'd into the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Assembly he affirm'd that the Spartans had an ancient Prophecy That when they were beaten by the Thebans at Leuctra they should lose their Principality At length some of the Inhabitants of the Country who undertook to Interpret the Oracles came to Epaminondas and declar'd that it was decreed by the Gods That a great slaughter should be made of the Lacedemonians at the Tombs of the Daughters of Leuctrus and Schedasus for the Reasons herein after related Leuotrus was he from whom the Field was so call'd And his Daughters and the Daughters of one Schedasus Virgins in the Flow'r of their Age were Deflowr'd by the Spartan Ambassadors the young Women not able to endure that great Dishonour and Disgrace with many Imprecations against that Nation who sent such wicked Ambassadors laid violent hands on themselves When these and other such like things were alledg'd Epaminondas call'd the Soldiers together and in an Oration fitted for the purpose encourag'd them to the Battle Upon which the Soldiers being now freed from their Superstitious conceits chang'd their minds and long'd to be Engag'd with the Enemy About this time came some Auxiliary Forces to the Thebans from Thessaly Fifteen hundred Foot and Five hundred Horse under the Command of Jason This Man advis'd both the Thebans and the Lacedemonians upon consideration of the uncertainty of the Events of War to agree upon terms of Peace which took its effect And now Cleombrotus withdrew his Forces out of Beotia and in his March a great Army from the Lacedemonians and their Confederates under the Command of Archidamus the Son of Agesilaus met him For the Spartans seeing the Courage and Resolution of the Beotians and not judging it advisable to slight Men that seem'd to be resolv'd and to run upon the Pikes at all adventures had sent forth his other Army by their multitude at least to give a check to the Insolency of the Enemy Drawing up therefore in a Body together and looking upon it a base and mean thing below the Dignity of the Spartans so much as to think the Valour of the Beotians worthy of any regard without any respect had to the late League they rashly and precipitately return'd to Leuctra Where they found the Beotians with great earnestness expecting and desiring a Battle Upon this the The Battle at Leuctra Armies on both sides were drawn up in Battalia in this manner on the part of the Lacedemonians Cleombrotus and Archidamus the Son of Agesilaus both descended from Hercules Commanded the two Wings On the other side Epaminondas Marshall'd his Army after a new and peculiar manner by which excellent Stratagem he gain'd that glorious Victory never to be forgotten For he chose out of the whole Army the best and strongest of the Soldiers and plac'd them in that Wing where he himself would Command In the other he plac'd his weaker Men with a Command not to abide the Enemies Charge but by a soft and slow retreat to avoid the shock Having therefore thus order'd an oblique Phalanx he resolv'd to try the Fortune of the Day with the other Wing under his Command And now the Trumpets Sounded a Charge on both sides and on first onset the Armies set up a great shout The Lacedemonians came on with both their Wings in fashion of an half Moon On the other hand the Beotians Retreated with one of their Wings and charg'd fiercely on the Enemy with the other When they came to the swords point both Fought very desperately and at first the Victory was very doubtful but at length they with Epaminondas by their Valour and close Order broke in upon the Peleponnesians and made a great slaughter amongst them For Ant. Ch. 368. they were not able any longer to bear the weight of the Shock wherewith they were press'd but some were slain downright upon the Spot others mortally Wounded bravely receiving all their wounds upon their Breasts As long as Cleombrotus the Lacedemonian King was alive it was uncertain whether side would carry away the Victory because he had a strong Body of Targateers with him who fought resolutely in his defence But as soon as he fell down dead after many wounds receiv'd and much Valour shewn on his part tho' all ineffectual they throng'd together about his Body where they hewn down in heaps one upon another And now this Wing being without a leader the Epaminondians charg'd the Lacedemonians with that fierceness that they forc'd them by degrees into disorder However the Lacedemonians fought so bravely for the Body of their King that at length they possess'd themselves of it tho' they were not able to gain P. 487. the Day For those choice Bands with Epaminondas standing to it as unconquerable encourag'd likewise both by the words and example of their Leader the Lacedemonians at length with much ado began to give ground And indeed at first they did not to Ant. Ch. 368. appearance break their Order of Battle in their Retreat but when the slaughter increas'd and they had now no Commander to give necessary Orders the whole Army fled outright The Epaminondians pursu'd them close and with the slaughter of a multitude of their Enemies gain'd a glorious Victory For by their engaging with the most famous Warriours of Greece and becoming Victorious with an Army far short in Number of their Enemies they highly advanc'd the reputation of their Valour But Epaminondas the General was judg'd worthy of the greatest Honour and Esteem because chiefly by his Valour and Prudence he had routed those Commanders of Greece who were never before Conquer'd The Lacedemonians lost in this Battle no fewer then four thousand Men Of the Beotians were kill'd about Three hundred Afterwards they made a Truce for the burying of the Dead and the return of the Lacedemonians into Peloponnesus And this was the Issue of the Battel of Leuctra The Year following when Dysnicetus was Praetor of Athens and four Military Tribunes Quintus Servilius Lucius Furius Caius Licinnius and Publius Clelius Executed the Olymp. 102. 3. Ant. Ch. 367. Consular Dignity at Rome the Thebans march'd with a great Army against Orchomenum with a full purpose utterly to ruin that City But they were advis'd by Epaminondas in regard they sought to gain the Principality of Greece that it was their Interest to use their Victory with Moderation Whereupon they left off their design and receiv'd the Orchomenians as their Consederates Afterwards they made a League with the Phoceans and Atolians and so return'd into Beotia At that time Jason Prince of * In Thessaly Pherae whose power grew every Day invaded * In Thessaly Locris with a great Army and raz'd * near Phocis and Parnassus Heraclea in Trachinia after it was betray'd into his hands and bestow'd their Territories on the * Near Mount Oeta and Thermopile in Phthiotis Octeans and Melieans Thence Marching
fought which continu'd Ant. Ch. 336. a long time with great Slaughter on both sides uncertain which way Victory would incline until Alexander earnest to give an Indication of his Valour to his Father charg'd with a more than ordinary Heat and Vigour and being assisted with many stout and brave Men was the first that broke through the main Body of the Enemy next to him with the slaughter of many and bore down all before him And when those that seconded him did the like then the Regiments next to the Former were broke to pieces At length the Earth being strew'd with heaps of Dead Carkasses those with Alexander first put the Wing oppos'd to them to flight The King himself likewise in the Head of this Regiment fought with no less Courage and Resolution and that the Glory of the Victory might not be attributed to his Son he forc'd the Enemy oppos'd to him to give ground and at length put them to a total Rout and so was the chief Instrument of the Victory There were above a Thousand Athenians killed in this Battel and no fewer than Two thousand taken Prisoners A great Number likewise of the Boeotians were slain and many fell into the Hands of the Enemy After the Battel Philip set up a Trophy and having given Liberty for the burying of the Dead he Sacrific'd to the Gods for the Victory and distributed Rewards to the Soldiers who had signaliz'd their Valour according as every one had deserv'd Some report that Philip having appointed a Wanton and Luxurious Banquet with his Friends in Ostentation of his Victory in his Cups passing through the Throng of the Prisoners most contumeliously taunted the miserable Wretches with their Misfortune Ant. Ch. 336. Whereupon Demades the Orator one of the Captives spoke boldly to him and fram'd Demades rebukes Philip. a Discourse in order to curb the Pride and Petulancy of the King in Words to this effect Since Fortune O King has represented thee like Agamemnon art thou not asham'd to act a part of Thersites With this sharp Reproof they say Philip was so startled that he wholly chang'd his former Course and not only laid aside the Coronets and all other Badges of Pride and Wantonness that attended his Festivals but with Admiration releas'd Philip reform'd the Man that had reprehended him and advanc'd him to Places of Honour In conclusion he became so far Complaisant and moulded into the Civilities of Athens through his Converse with Demades that he releas'd all the Captives without Ransom And remitting his Pride and Haughtiness the constant Attendant upon Victory he sent Ambassadors to Athens and renew'd the Peace with them And placing a Garison in Thebes made Peace likewise with the Boeotians After this Overthrow the Athenians put to Death Lysides the General of the Army upon the Accusation of Lycurgus who was the most highly preferr'd of any of the Orators of that Age he had executed the Office of Lord-Treasurer of the City with great Commendation for the space of Twelve years and all his Life long had been in great Reputation for his Virtue and Honesty But a most bitter Accuser The Excellency and Sharpness of whose Speech if any desire to know he may best judge by his words us'd against Lycides which follow O Lycides thou wast the General of the Army and tho' a Thousand Citizens are The Speech of Lycurgus slain two Thousand taken Prisoners a Trophy erected to the Dishonour of this City and all Greece inslav'd and all this done thou being Captain and General yet dar'st Live and view the Light of the Sun and blushest not to shew thy Face in the Forum thou who art born the Monument of thy Country's Shame and Dishonour A thing very remarkable hapned at this time For when this Battel was fought at Cheronea the same Day and Hour another was fought in Italy between the Tarentines and Lycanians A Battel in Italy and at Cheronea one and the same day in which Archidamus the King of Lacedaemon was slain who had reign'd Three and twenty years Agis his Son succeeded him and Govern'd nine years About that time likewise dy'd Timotheus Prince of Heraclea in Pontus in the Fifteenth year of his Principality whose Brother Dionysius succeeded and reign'd Two and thirty years Phrynichus bore the Office of chief Magistrate of Athens and Titus Manlius Torquatus and Olymp. 110. 4. Ant. Ch. 335. An. M. 3608. Publius Decius were invested with the Consular Dignity at Rome when Philip bearing his Crest high upon the account of his Victory at Cheronea and having struck a Terror into the most Eminent Cities of Greece made it his great Business to be chosen Generalissimo of all Greece It being therefore nois'd abroad that he would make War upon the Persians for the Advantage of the Graecians and that he would revenge the Impiety by them committed against the Sacreds of the Gods he presently wan the Hearts of the Graecians He was very Liberal and Courteous likewise to all both private Men and Communities and publish'd to the Cities that he had a Desire to Consult with them concerning Matters relating to the Publick Good Whereupon a General Council was call'd and Ant. Ch. 335. held at Corinth where he declar'd his Design to make War upon the Persians and what probable grounds there were of Success and therefore desir'd the Council to join with him as Confederates in the War At length he was created General of all Greece with absolute Power and thereupon Philip made General of Greece he made mighty preparation for that Expedition and having order'd what Quota of Men every City should send forth he return'd into Macedonia And thus stood the Affairs and Concerns of Philip. In Sicily Timoleon after he had settl'd all things in right and due Order in Syracuse Timoleon dies dy'd having govern'd Eight years The Syracusians who highly honour'd him for the many great Services done to their Country bury'd him in great State and Pomp and when the Body was to be brought forth great multitudes were got together and the Syracusians publish'd a Decree that Two hundred * A Mina is 3 l. 2 s. 6 d. Mina's should be expended upon the Charge of his Funeral and that his Memory should be honour'd yearly for ever with Musick Horse-Coursing and Gymnick Sports for that he had subdu'd the Barbarians planted Colonies in the greatest Greek City in Sicily and rescu'd the Sicilians from Slavery About this time * King of Pontus Ariorarxanes dy'd in the Twenty sixth year of his Reign and was succeeded by Methridates who Reign'd Five and thirty Years At the same time the Romans fought with the Latins and Campanians near the City Suessa and routed them and confiscated part of their Lands And Manlius the Consul who gain'd the Day triumph'd for the Victory CHAP. XV. Philip consults the Oracle at Delphos Marries his Daughter Cleopatra to the King of Epirus Encourag'd to
more ready and willing to observe all Words of Command whenever they should engage In the mean while he sent Mazeus one of his Faithfull Friends with a Battalion of stout Men to guard the Passage over the River Tygris and secure the Ford. Others he commanded to burn up all the Country through which the Enemy was to pass For he reresolv'd to make use of the River as a Defence and Bulwark against the Enemy's approach But Mazeus observing that the River was not passable both by reason of its depth and Ant. Ch. 329. swiftness of its Stream wav'd the guarding of it and employ'd himself in wasting and destroying of the Country concluding that when that was done the Enemy could not pass that way through want of Provision Alexander when he came to the River Tygris being inform'd by the Inhabitants where Alexander passes over Tygris the Ford lay pass'd his Army over but with very great Toil and extream Hazard for the Water came up above their Breasts and several were taken off their Feet and hurry'd away by the violence of the Stream many others likewise were born away and perish'd through the rapid Course of the Water involving it self within their Arms. Alexander to withstand the Violence of the Water order'd his Men to stand close in a Body together like a Rampire against the Stream By this means they got safe over and after so much danger and difficulty he permitted them to refresh themselves for one day The next day he march'd in Battalia against the Enemy and at length encamp'd near to them But while he revolv'd in his Mind the vast number of the Persian Army and what great Difficulties he was to cope with and that now all lay at stake he spent all that Night in anxious Thoughts concerning the Event But he fell into so deep a Sleep about the Morning-Watch that though the Sun was now up yet he could not be awak'd His Friends at the first were very glad of it as judging the longer he rested the more lively he would be and so more able to bear the Fatigues of the Day But Time drawing far on and the King still fast asleep Parmenio the Oldest of the Commanders gave Command through the Army to prepare for an Engagement The King sleeping still some Ant. Ch. 329. of his Friends stept in to him and had much ado to awake him While all wonder'd at a thing so unusual and expected to hear the Cause from himself Now says Alexander I am free from all Fear and Care as concerning Darius who has brought his whole Strength together into one Place for by one Day 's Battel for the Trial of all I shall be quit and discharg'd of all my Hazards and Toils for the time to come Upon which without any delay he made a Speech to encourage his Officers to pluck up their Spirits and with Courageous Hearts to 〈◊〉 all the Dangers that were before them Upon which he march'd in Battalia against the Barbarians with the Horse in the Front of his Army The Right Wing was Commanded by Clitus surnam'd Niger wherein were other special Friends under the Command of Philotas the Son of Parmenio supported by seven other Regiments of Horse under the same Commander After them were plac'd the Battalion of Foot call'd * Silver Shields Argyraspides glittering in their Arms most excellent Soldiers led by Nicanor the Son of Parmenio to support them he plac'd next the Squadrons of †Elimia a City of Macedonia Elimia whose Leader was Cenus In the next Squadron stood the Oresteans and Lyncestians whose Captain was Perdiccas next to these was Meleager with his Squadron and after him Polysphercon commanded the Stympheans and next to him Philip the Son of Balacrus commanded another Squadron and after him Craterus To the Squadrons of Horse before-mention'd were â—oin'd as Auxiliaries those from Peloponnesus and Achaia together with the Phthiots Malieans Locrians and Phocians commanded by Erigyrus of Mitylene After these were plac'd Ant. Ch. 329. the Thessalians for Valour and Horsemanship far beyond all the rest whose Commander was Philip. Next to these he drew up the Archers from Crete and the Mercenaries from Achaia Both Wings were drawn up into the Form of an half-moon that the Macedonians might not be hemm'd in by the multitude of the Persians The King provided against the hook'd Chariots that they might not break in upon them by this Contrivance he commanded the Foot that when the Chariots advanc'd near in their Career they should strike with their Javelins upon their Shields lock'd one into another that the horses frighted with the noise might start back but that if they still press'd forward in order to force their way that then they should open that so they might shun them without any prejudice He himself took upon him the Command of the Right Wing and drawing up in an oblique Line resolv'd to venture himself wherever there was any Danger Darius drew up his Army according to the distinction of the several Nations and advanc'd against the Enemy in that Wing opposite to Alexander And now both Armies The Battel at A 〈…〉 drew near one to another and the Trumpets on both Sides gave the Signal to Battel and the Soldiers made at one another with a great shout and forthwith the hook'd Chariots rushing forward with a mighty force greatly amaz'd and terrifi'd the Macedonians For Mazeus the General of the Horse charging with a great Body close after the Chariots caus'd them to be more terrible In the midst of the Action a mighty Crash and dreadful Noise was made on a sudden by the Foot 's striking with their Javâ—lins upon their Ant. Ch. 329. Bucklers as the King had commanded upon which many of the Chariots through the fright of the Horses were turn'd aside and the Horses being altogether ungovernable made away back again into the Persian Army Most of the rest of the Chariots breaking in among the Foot by opening to make way were either quite destroy'd by Darts and Arrows or diverted Some indeed forc'd their way with that Violence that with their Hooks they bore down all before them and many perish'd by several sorts of deadly Wounds For such was the Force and Violence together with the Sharpness of the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an 〈…〉 B 〈…〉 Destruction hook'd Sithes contriv'd for Destruction that many had their Arms with their Shields in their Hands cut off and not a few had their Heads so suddenly shear'd off that they tumbled to the Ground with their Eyes open and their Countenance in the same Posture as they were when alive Some were so mortally gash'd and cut through their Sides that they forthwith fell down dead When the Armies came closer together and all their Darts and Arrows both from their Bows and Slings and those cast by the Hand were spent they fell to it hand to hand The first Charge was by the Horse
of all the Elephants in that Tract and receiv'd the Indians into his Protection Thence he mov'd to the River Indus where being furnish'd with some Ships of Thirty Oars a piece with them he made a Bridge over the River and continu'd in that place Ant. Ch. 326. for thirty days space to refresh his Army and there offer'd magnificent Sacrifices to the Gods After he had pass'd over his Forces there hapned something unusual and remarkable One Taxilis who formerly reign'd in that Country being lately dead his Son Mophis succeeded him this Mophis some time before had sent an Ambassador to Alexander when he was in Sogdiana to offer him his Assistance against the Indians that were then preparing to oppose him and likewise promis'd to deliver up his Kingdom into the King's hands When the King was Thirty Furlongs distant Mophis and his Friends march'd towards him with a well-appointed Army and Elephants adorn'd and fitted for Battel When Alexander saw so numerous an Army advance he believ'd the Indian had made a Cloak of his Promises to cover his Fraud by that means to surprize the Macedonians at unawares therefore he commanded the Trumpets to give the Sign of Battel and drew up his Army in Battalia and advanc'd towards the Indians But Mophis being inform'd of the sudden Commotion that was amongst the Macedonians easily judging what was the occasion commanded his Army to make an halt and he himself with a few in his Company posts away and presently undeceives the Macedonians by delivering up himself and his Army which was the Strength of the Kingdom into the Power of the King who was so well pleas'd with what the Barbarian had done that he restor'd him to his Kingdom and ever after found Taxiles for so he was call'd his constant and faithful Friend and Associate And these were the Transactions of this Year CHAP. X. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venem Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sophithes The Custom of them under Sophithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalassians In danger in the River Indas by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Massanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savageness of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at high Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd AT the time when Chremes was Lord Chancellor at Athens and Publius Cornelius and Olymp. 113. 2. Ant. Ch. 325. An. M. 3623. Aulus Posthumius executed the Consulship at Rome Alexander after he had refresh'd his Army in the Province of Taxilis march'd against Porus Prince of the Neighbouring Indians who had in his Army above Fifty thousand Foot Three thousand Horse above a Thousand Chariots and an Hundred and thirty Elephants and was confederated with another Neighbouring King call'd Embisarus not inferior in Power to Porus. Alexander's Battel with Porus. Alexander understanding that he was not above 400 Furlongs distant from Porus advanc'd with a Resolution to fight him before the other join'd him Porus perceiving him to approach drew up his Horse in two Wings His Elephants so accountred as to terrifie his Enemies he plac'd at equal distances one from another in the Front and lin'd them with his arm'd Men who were commanded to guard and defend them from Darts and Arrows in the Flank The whole Army drawn up thus in Battalia seem'd like a City For the Elephants stood like so many Towers and the Soldiers plac'd among them resembled the Walls Alexander on the other hand observing how his Enemies were drawn up so dispos'd and order'd his own Men as the present Circumstances of his Affairs then requir'd The Horse engag'd in the first place and thereupon almost all the Indians Chariots were presently broken in pieces Afterwards the Elephants being made use of by the mighty Bulk of their Bodies and their great Strength bore down and trod underfoot Ant. Ch. 325. many of the Macedonians others were catch'd up in their Trunks and toss'd into the Air and then fell down again with great violence upon the Earth and so miserably perish'd Many likewise were so rent and torn by their Teeth that they died forthwith However the Macedonians with invincible Courage indur'd all the Hardships wherewith they were press'd and with their * The Macedonian Pikes Sarissas kill'd the Soldiers that guarded the Elephants So that now they fought upon equal Terms and not long after the Beasts being ply'd with Darts on every side and not being able longer to endure the many Wounds they receiv'd their Riders were not able to rule them insomuch as they furiously rush'd backwards and broke in upon their own Regiments and trode many of them underfoot which caus'd great disturbance and consusion Upon which Porus mounted upon the Bravest Elephant seeing how things were like to be commanded Forty of those that were not as yet startled and affrighted to be plac'd round about him And with these he made so desperate and sierce a Charge that he made a sad Slaughter amongst the Macedonians especially being a Man of the strongest Body of all those that were with him for he was five Cubits high and in bulk proportionable so that his Breast-plate was twice as big as any of the rest of the most strongest Men amongst them and he threw a Dart with as great force as if it had been shot out of an Engine But this extraordinary Strength of Porus did not at all terrifie the Macedonians that were plac'd in the front against him Alexander therefore commanded the Archers and light-arm'd Men with all their Darts and Arrows to make at Porus himself who did as they were commanded So that such a multitude of Archers were got in one Body together and such Showers of Darts and Arrows pour'd out upon him that they could not possibly miss their Mark Porus overcome Porus at length having fought with great Valour and Resolution by multitude of Wounds lost so much Blood as that his Spirits fail'd him and he fell down from his Beast to the Ground Upon which it being presently spread abroad that the King was dead the rest of the Indians fled and thereupon a great Slaughter was made amongst ' em Thus Alexander having gain'd this glorious Victory at length commanded his Trumpets Ant. Ch. 325. to sound a Retreat But there were kill'd in this Battel above Twelve thousand Indians amongst whom were Two Sons of
Trumpets sounded a Charge and the whole Army set up a shout for the Onset The Elephants in the first place fought one with another then the Horse Charg'd on both sides The Field was very Large Sandy and Waste so that so much Dust was rais'd by the Trampling of the Horses as that a Man could not see what was done though but at a small distance from him Which Antigonus observing sent forthwith away some Median Horse and a Body of Tarentines to set upon the Baggage of the Enemy For he hop'd by reason of the Dust that was rais'd as the thing in truth prov'd that they would not be discern'd and that if he got possession of the Carriages he should easily bring the whole Army into his power Hereupon those that were sent forth secretly slipping by the Enemies Wing set upon the Pages * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Drudges Scullion Boys and others that were with the Baggage and about five Furlongs distant from the Place of Battel There they found a Multitude of Useless and Unserviceable Rabble and a very small Guard in the Place so that they were presently put to flight and the rest all fell into Eumenes his Carriages taken the Enemies hands In the mean time Antigonus charging the Enemy with a strong Body of Horse so terrify'd Peucestes Governor of Persia that he with his Horse got out of the Dust and drew Fifteen hundred more after him But Eumenes though he was left Ant. Ch. 314. but with a very few in the out Skirts of the Wing where he was yet counted it base to flag or fly judging it more honourable to be Faithful to his word in the Quarrel of the Kings and to die in an honest and just Cause with Resolution made a fierce Charge upon Antigonus so that now there was a sharp Dispute between the Horse where the Eumeneans excell'd the other in Heat and Resolution but the Antigontans them in Num. and Multitude and many fell on both sides At which time the Elephants fighting one with another the Leader on Eumenes his side engaging with one of the Stoutest of the other was there slain Hereupon Eumenes perceiving his Horse to be worsted on P. 694. every hand withdrew with the rest of the Horse out of the Fight and pass'd over to the other Wing and join'd himself to those with Philip whom he had order'd to make a leisurely Retreat And thus ended the Engagement between the Horse But as to the Foot the Argyraspides or Silver Shields in a full Body flew with that Violence upon the Enemy that some they kill'd upon the spot and they rest they put to flight For they were not to be withstood who though they engag'd with the Enemy's Ant. Ch. 314 main Battel yet they signaliz'd both their Valour and Dexterity to that degree that they kill'd above Five thousand without the loss of one Man and put the whole Nota. Foot to flight though they were far more in number than themselves When Eumenes understood that all the Carriages were taken and that Peucestes was not far off with the Horse he endeavour'd to get all to rally in a Body together again and to try their Fortune in a second Engagement with Antigonus For he concluded if he prevail'd he should not only recover his own Carriages but likewise possess himself of the Enemy's But Peucestes would not hear of fighting any more but got further off so that Eumenes was forc'd to yield the Day Then Antigonus dividing his Horse into two Bodies he himself with one sought how to intrap Eumenes observing which way he made the other he delivered to Pitho with Orders to fall upon the Argyraspides who then were forsaken by their Horse who forthwith setting upon them as he was commanded the Macedonians drew up in form of a Square and got safe to the River exclaiming against Peucestes as the Cause of the routing of the Horse When Eumenes came up to them in the Evening they consulted together what was then fittest to be done The Governors of the Provinces were for returning with all speed into the Higher Provinces but Eumenes was for staying where they were and fighting and in regard the Enemies main Battel was broken and cut off and that they were then equal in Horse on both sides But the Macedonians seeing that they had lost their Carriages Wives and Children and whatever was dear to them declar'd they would neither do the one or the other And so at that time without agreeing in any thing they parted But afterwards the Macedonians secretly corresponding with Antigonus Eumenes baseâ—ly deliver'd up by his own Men. seiz'd upon Eumenes and deliver'd him up into his Hands And having receiv'd their Carriages and Faith taken for security they all march'd away together Whose Example the Governors of the Provinces and most of the other Captains and Soldiers follow'd forsaking their General chiefly consulting their own Safety and Preservation Antigonus having thus strangely and unexpectedly possess'd himself both of Eumenes and his whole Army seiz'd upon Antigenes Captain of the Argyraspides and put him alive into a Coffin and burnt him to Ashes He put to death likewise Eudamus who brought the Elephants out of India and Celbanus and some others Who upon all occasions appear'd against him But for Eumenes he put him in Prison and took time to consider how to dispose of him For he had in truth an earnest desire to have gain'd so good a General to his own Interest and to have oblig'd him upon that account but because of the great Kindness and strict Correspondency which pass'd between him and Olympias and the Kings he Ant. Ch. 314. durst not absolutely rely upon him for but a while before though he had deliver'd him out of the straits he was in at Nora in Phrygia yet he presently upon it fell in and sided with the Kings and therefore upon the pressing Importunity of the Macedonians he put him to Death But in respect of his former Familiarity with him he caus'd his Body to be burnt and his Bones to be put into an Urn and deliver'd to his nearest Friends Amongst those that were Wounded and Prisoners was Hieronymus of Cardia Historiographer P. 695. who having been ever in great Esteem with Eumenes during his Life after his Death found great Favour also with Antigonus Antigonus returning into Media with his whole Army spent the rest of the Winter in a Town not far from Ecbatane where stood the Palace-Royal of that Province He distributed The dreadful Earthquake in the Kingdom of Rhages Strabo Jays Two thousand Towns and Cities his Army here and there all over that Province and especially in the Country of Rhages so call'd from the Calamities it had miserably suffer'd in former times For being heretofore full of Rich and populous Cities there hapned such terrible Earthquakes in those Parts that both Cities and Inhabitants were swallow'd up altogether not
all that was done Whereupon their Courage reviv'd and the Senate blam'd all the Officers of the Fleet that being Masters at Ant. Ch. 308. Sea they should be so careless as to suffer the Enemies Forces to make a Descent upon Africa and they created Hanno and Bomilcar Generals of their Army notwithstanding Hanno and Bomilcar made Generals they were at private feuds between themselves and that ancient grudges had been in their Families one towards another For they thought that these private Quarrels would much tend to the common advantage of the City But they were very much mistaken For Bomilcar had for a long time been ambitious of the Monarchy but never yet had an opportunity fitted for his purpose to put his Designs in execution and therefore he greedily imbrac'd the offer of such a Command as was exactly agreeable to what he was aiming at And the chief cause of these Plots and Contrivances of his was the severity and cruelty of the Carthaginians For they advance the most eminent Persons to be Generals in their Wars because they conclude they 'l fight with more Resolution then others when all lies at stake But after the Wars are ended and Peace concluded then they bring false Accusations against them and most unjustly through Envy put them to death And therefore some Generals out of fear of those unjust Sentences either give up their Commissions or seek to be absolute Monarchs as Bomilcar one of the Carthaginian Generals P. 738 then did of whom we shall speak by and by The Carthaginian Generals therefore seeing now that delays were dangerous waited not for Soldiers to be rais'd out of the Country and from the Cities of their Confederates but led out the Citizens themselves into the Field having under their Command no Ant. Ch. 308. Battle between the Carthaginians and Agathocles less than Forty thousand Foot a thousand Horse and Two thousand Chariots and possessing themselves of a Hill not far from the Enemy drew up in Batalia Hanno commanded the Right Wing supported by them of the Sacred Brigade Bomilcar the Lest making his Phalanx very deep because the nature of the place would not allow him to extend his wing further in front The Chariots and Horsemen he plac'd in the Van to the end that with these at the first Charge they might try the Courage of the Greeks Agathocles on the other side viewing how the Barbarians had drawn up their Army committed the Right Wing to Archagathus his Son delivering to him Two thousand and five hundred Foot Then he drew up about Three thousand and five hundred Syracusians Next to them Three thousand Mercenaries out of Greece and Lastly Three thousand Samnites Tyrrhenians and Celts He himself with the Troops of the Houshold and a Thousand heavy Arm'd Men commanded in the Left Wing opposite to the Carthaginians Sacred Brigade The Archers and Slingers to the number of Five hundred he mix'd here and there in the two Wings The Truth was his Soldiers were scarce all Arm'd And therefore when he saw some of those that were naked and without Arms he took the Covers and Cases of the Shields and stretcht them out upon Sticks in the round shape of a Shield and so deliver'd 'em to them however in truth useless yet so contriv'd by him to the end that those that were at a distance and knew nothing of the Stratagem should look upon them to be Arm'd Men. Perceiving likewise that the Spirits of his Soldiers were very low and much discourag'd by reason of the great numbers of their Enemies especially of their Horse he Ant. Ch. 308. let out several Owls which he had before prepar'd for the purpose into divers parts of the Camp here and there to rid them of their fears which Birds flying up and down His Stratagem of Owls through the Army and lighting ever and anon upon their Shields and Bucklers chear'd up the spirits of the Soldiers all taking it for a very happy Omen because that creature is sacred to Minerva These sorts of tricks and devices altho' they may seem to some to be foolish and vain yet they have many times been the causes of extraordinary success As it fell out likewise at this time for the soldiers by this means growing more bold and couragious and it being generally nois'd abroad that the Goddess plainly soretold that they should be victorious they more resolutely underwent all dangers and difficulties For when the Chariots charg'd fiercely upon them some they pierc'd through with their Darts and Arrows others they avoided and suffer'd to pass by and most of them they drave back into the midst of their own Foot In the same manner they receiv'd the Charge of their Horse wounding many and putting them all at last to flight When they had thus gallantly behav'd themselves in the first Charge the Barbarians began to fall upon them with their whole Body of Foot at once upon which there was a very sharp Engagment wherein Hanno with that Body of Men call'd the Sacred Brigade striving to win the day by his own Valour makes a fierce Charge upon the Grecians and hews down many of them And tho' he was even overwhelm'd with showers of Darts and Arrows yet he fell not but receiving one Wound after another on he still goes till being overprest and altogether tir'd out down he fell and gave up his last Breath On the other hand Agathocles his Soldiers were so lifed up with expectations Ant. Ch. 308. of Victory that they were still more and more couragious which when the other General Bomilcar came to understand conceiving that the Gods had put an opportunity into his hand to gain the Tyranny he reason'd with himself That if the Army of Agathocles were destroy'd he could not mount the Throne because the City would be too strong for him but if Agathocles were Conqueror and by that means broke the Spirits of the Carthaginians then when they were brought low he should be able to lead them which way he would and as for Agathocles he concluded he should be able to subdue him P. 739. when ever he pleas'd Revolving these things in his mind he began to face about and Retreat willing the Enemy should take notice of what they were about to do then telling his Soldiers that Hanno was slain order'd them to keep their ranks and get to a rising ground there near at hand for that was now the last course for them to take But the Retreat looking like a down-right flight the Enemy prest so close upon them that the Africans who were in the Rear supposing that those in the Front of the Battle were Routed took to their Heels likewise In the mean time those in the Sacred Brigade fought bravely for a while after the death of Hanno and resolutely prest forward upon the Enemy over the Carkases of their fellow-soldiers but when they perceiv'd that most of their Army was fled Ant. Ch. 308.
it should be taken by some fresh Stratagem got a great deal of dry Stuff and Matter together and cast it in the Night from off the Walls upon the Engines together with many light Firebrands Ant Ch. 305. and burnt the Principal of them Upon the mounting up of the Flame the Demetrians came in to quench the Fire but it was so quick and furious that the Engines were totally Consum'd and most of the Men that were in them However Demetrius though he was for the present disappointed in his Design yet desisted not in the least but urg'd on the Siege still both by Sea and Land supposing that Time at last would Crown him with Victory But Ptolemy having receiv'd Intelligence how his Forces were routed sets Sail from Aegypt with an Army well furnish'd both for Sea Land and arriving at Paphos in Cyprus Ptolemy falls to Cyprus P. 759. took Boats and went to Citium Two hundred Furlongs from Salamis His whole Fleet consisted of an Hundred and forty * Men of War Long Ships the biggest whereof was of Five Tire of Oars and the least of Four and these were attended with Two hundred Ships of Burden carrying no less than Ten thousand Soldiers From thence Ptolemy dispatch'd away by Land some Messengers to Menelaus to bid him with all speed to send him if possibly he could those Ships that were then in the Port of Salamis which were Sixty Sail. For he was in hopes that with this Addition having made his Navy Two hundred Sail if he should come to a Sea Fight he should be Victorious But Demetrius foreseeing what might be in contriving left part of his Army to carry on the Siege and Mans all his Vessels with the best of his Soldiers and places his Engines to shoot Stones Arrows Ant Ch. 3â—â— and Darts of three Spans in length upon the Forecastles of his Ships Then with his Fleet Top and Top-Gallant ready prepar'd for Battel he sail'd about to the City and cast Anchor about a Dart's Cast from the Mouth of the Harbour and there lay all Night both to prevent that Fleet in the Port from joining with the other and likewise waiting the coming up of the Enemy being himself then prepar'd to fight him On the other hand Potlemy sets sail for Salamis and in regard he had with him in his Sea Fiâ—ht between Ptolemy and Demetrius Fleet a great Number of Tenders his Navy seem'd to be exceeding great Demetrius hearing of the Enemy's approach left Antisthenes the Admiral with Ten Ships of Five Tire of Oars to keep in the Fleet that was in the Harbour And commanded the Horse to keep near the Sea-side to be ready to relieve those that should swim to Land in case any Misfortune should happen He himself drew up his Fleet in a Line of Battel and made towards the Enemy having not above a Hundred and Eight Sail with those taken in the Forts that were Deserted The greatest of which Ships were of Seven Tire of Oars but the most of them were of Five In the Left Wing were Seven Phaenician Gallies of Seven Tire of Oars and Thirty Athenian Vessels of Four Tire of Oars commanded by Medius as Admiral To support these he drew up Ten Gallies of Six Tire of Ant. Ch. 305. Oars and as many of Five conceiving it Prudence chiefly to guard that Wing where he himself intended to Engage In the middle Battel he plac'd the Least Ships under the Command of Themisus the Samian and Marsyas the Writer of the Affairs of Macedon The Right Wing was commanded by Hegesippus of Halicarnassus and Pleisthias of Coos who was Lord High Admiral of the whole Fleet. Ptolemy at the first made with all the Sail he could in the Night time towards Salamis in hopes to enter the Port before the Enemy But at break of Day spying the Enemy's Fleet not far off ready Drawn-up he likewise forthwith prepar'd for Battel And for this purpose ordered his Transport-Ships to lie off at Sea at a great distance and drew up the rest in a Line He himself commanded in the Left Wing where were the greatest of his Ships ready to defend him The Fleets being thus drawn up both sides according to ancient Custom call'd by their Priests upon their Gods and the whole Army follow'd the Noise and Cry of them that first began But the Princes seeing now all both Lives and Fortunes ready to be laid at Stake were both in no small concern Demetrius now not a Quarter of a League distant from the Enemy gave the Sign of Battel which was before agreed upon and that was the lifting up of a Golden Target visible to the whole Fleet one part after another Ptolemy doing the same presently the Fleets join'd and the Trumpets sounded a Charge and both Armies setting up a great shout to it they went in a dreadful and terrible Manner At first they made use of Bows and P. 760. Engines to shoot Arrows Stones and Darts by which many on both sides were grievously Ant. Ch. 305. gall'd and wounded When the Ships came side to side and fell foul with great Violence one upon another those upon the Decks fell to it with their Launces and Spears and the Rowers encourag'd by them that call'd out to them ply'd their Oars with extraordinary eagerness And now the Vessels with the Fierceness and Violence of the Charge were so press'd upon each side that some brush'd off the Oars one of another so that they could neither Fly nor Pursue and by this means disabled the Soldiers on board from making a vigorous Defence by putting a Check to the Force wherewith they might otherwise have born down upon their Enemy others so forc'd with the Beaks of their Ships upon one another's Poops that they * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Row'd a-Stern from time to time to repeat their strokes In the mean time they upon the Hatches mutually wounded one another every one having his Mark near and plain before him Some of the Captains of the Vessels struck the Broad-sides of their Adversaries Ships with that Violence that the Beaks stuck fast in them whereupon they boarded the Enemy's Ships giving and receiving Wounds and Blows on either side Some catching hold upon the sides of Ships when they miss'd Footing in their attempts to board the other tumbled Headlong into the Sea and were forthwith run thrô with the Lances of them that were next at hand Some who prevail'd in the boarding of their Enemy kill'd some upon their first Entrance and drave all the rest in rucks one upon another and flung them over-board In fine various and sudden were the Turns and Changes of Fortune in this Battel while they that were worsted now were presently Ant. Ch. 305. after Conquerors by the height of their Ships over-topping their Adversaries and then the Conquerors again brought into Streights by being driven into ill Stations and by other unaccountable Accidents which frequently
happen in these Cases For in Land-Fights Valour apparently carries the Day when no unusual Misfortune intervenes But in Sea-Fights there are many and various Accidents often fall out which sometimes on a sudden ruine them whose Valour otherwise would certainly and most justly have brought them off Victorious Of all the rest Demetrius placing himself upon the Stern of his Gally of Seven Tire of Oars behav'd himself with most Gallantry For when he was surrounded with Throngs of Enemies on every side he so bestirr'd himself that he strew'd the Decks with them some by Darts at a Distance and others by his Lance Hand to Hand Showers of Darts and other Weapons it's true were cast at him but some he nimbly declin'd and others he receiv'd on his Target and other defensive Arms that he then wore In this Conflict there were Three that stuck close to him as his Assistants whereof one was run through and Slain with a Lance and the other two were both wounded But at length Demetrius repuls'd his Enemies and put the Right Wing to a total Rout and forthwith those that were next to them On the other hand Ptolemy who had with him the greatest Ships and the best Soldiers easily broke that Party that oppos'd him and put them to flight sinking some of Ant. Ch. 305. their Ships and taking others with the Men in them and then returning from the Pursuit thought to have done the like with the rest But when he came he found his Left Wing totally routed by Demetrius and him in hot pursuit of them upon which he made back to Citium But Demetrius now being Conqueror committed his Men of War to Neon and Burichus with Orders to pursue the Enemy and to take up such as they found Swimming for their Lives He himself with his own Ships richly adorn'd and those that were taken of the Enemies tow'd along after small Skiffs return'd to his own Camp and Port whence he set out Mean while about the very time of the Fight at Sea Menelaus Governor of Salamis sent out to the Aid of Ptolemy the Sixty Ships compleatly Man'd and Arm'd under the Command of Menetius who Engaging with those Ships in the Mouth of the Harbour P. 671. that were set to keep him in Charg'd through them whereupon they fled for Safety to the Army that was at Land But when the Menetians were in open Sea and perceiv'd that they came too late they return'd back to Salamis This being the Issue of this Fight there were taken above a Hundred Transport Ships wherein there were almost Eight Thousand Soldiers Of Ships of War he took Forty with the Men in them and of those that were bilg'd in the Fight about Fourscore which being almost full of Water in the Hold they hawl'd to Land under the Camp near the City Demetrius had Twenty of his own Ships much damnify'd in this Fight which yet being Refitted and Rigg'd up again prov'd Serviceable as before Afterwards Ptolemy seeing no good to be done in Cyprus return'd in Aegypt But Demetrius having taken in all the Towns and Cities of the Island distributed the Garison Soldiers among his own Companies to the Number of Sixteen thousand Foot and Six hundred Horse And put Messengers on board the Greatest Ship in the Fleet and Ant. Ch. 305. sent them to his Father with an Account of the Victory he had gain'd As soon as Antigonus receiv'd the News he was so transported with the greatness of the Victory as that he put a Diadem upon his Head and from that time assum'd the Stile and Title of a King and allow'd Demetrius to do the same And Ptolemy also not Antigonus takes the Title of a King at all willing to hang the Head at his late ill Success took the Crown and Title of a King to himself likewise and in all his Letters from that time forward wrote himself King And by their Example other Governors of Provinces as Seleucus who had lately subdu'd the Upper Provinces and Lysimachus and Cassander who held the Provinces first allotted them all proclaim'd themselves Kings Having now spoken sufficient concerning these Affairs we shall proceed to give a distinct Account of things further done in Africa and Sicily Agathocles when he heard that the Governors of the Provinces before-mentioned had taken upon them the Dignity of Crown'd Heads judging himself no way inferior to them either as to the Strength and Power of their Arms Largeness of his Dominions or Memorable Actions took upon him likewise the Name and Title of a King But yet did not think fit to wear a Diadem For from the very time of his first aspiring to the Principality he wore a Crown after the manner of a Priest which he never laid aside all the time he was in Contest for the Tyranny Some say that he always wore this because he wanted Hair And now he made it his business to do something worthy of the honourable Title he had assum'd and therefore he led his Army against the Rebellious Uticans and surprising them on the sudden Ant. Ch. 305. Utica took Three hundred of them as they were abroad in the Fields At the first he pardon'd them and requir'd the Surrender of the City But those within refusing so to do he built an Engine and hang'd up all the Prisoners upon it living as they were and so brought it up to the Walls The Uticans though they pity'd the miserable Creatures yet they valu'd more their Common Liberty and therefore lin'd the Walls and resolv'd to abide a Siege Whereupon Agathocles furnish'd his Engine with shot Slingers and Darters and plying them with shot from his Machine began the Siege and so terrify'd them that he even cauteriz'd the Spirits of the Besieg'd Those that were upon the Walls at first scrupled to use their Darts and Arrows having their own Citizens plac'd before them as their Marks amongst whom were some of the Chief Nobility But the Enemy still pressing on with more violence they were forc'd to endeavour to beat off them that were plac'd in the Engine And here it happen'd that the Uticans fell into a suddain and unexpected misfortune through an inevitable necessity For the Greeks exposing the Prisoners they took abroad in the Fields to be Marks to their own fellow Citizens they were constrain'd either to fall into the Enemies hands by sparing their Townsmen or unmercifully to kill a great number of miserable Creatures in defending of the City as in truth it happen'd For while they repuls'd the Enemy with all sorts P. 762. Ant. Ch. 305. of Darts and Arrows and other Weapons the same time as they wounded and gall'd them that manag'd the Engine at the same time they wounded the Citizens that hung at it shooting some through and fastning others with their Darts and Arrows as with Nails to that part of the Machine towards which the Body happen'd to move so that their Ignominy and Misfortune resembled that
Flash of Lightning Under the Seats or Bottom of the whole Work ran two Axle-trees about which mov'd four Persian Wheels whose Spokes and Nathes were over-laid with Gold but the Felloes were shod with Iron The Ends and Out-parts of the Axes were of Gold representing the Heads of Lions every one holding a Dart in in his Mouth In the very Centre of Ant. Ch. 320. the Arch about the midway in the length was artificially fix'd a * Upon which the whole might turn as a hinge Pole by the help whereof the Arch might in rough places and where it was apt to be shaken be preserv'd from being over-turn'd There were four Draught-Trees to every of which were fix'd four Courses of Yoaks and to every Course were bound four Mules so that the Mules were sixty four in number the choicest for Strength and Largeness that could be P. 643. got Every Mule was adorn'd with a Crown of Gold and Bells of Gold on either side their Heads and on their Necks were fitted Rich Collars set and beautified with precious Stones And in this manner was the Charriot set forth the Sight of which was more stately and pompous than the Report so that the Fame of it brought together Multitudes of Spectators For the People out of every City where-ever it was coming met it and ran back again before it never satisfy'd with the Delight they took in viewing and gazing And suitable to so stately a Show a vast Company of Workmen and Pioneers that plain'd the Ways for its passage attended it And thus Arrideus who had spent two Years in Preparations brought the King's Body from Babylon to Aegypt Ptolemy in Honour of the King met the Corps with his Army as far as Syria where he receiv'd it and accompanyd it with great Care and Alexander was first bury'd at Memphis Pausan Attic. c. 6. Observance For he had resolv'd not as yet to conduct it to the Temple of Hammon but to keep the Body in the * Alexandria See Curtius l. 10. c. ult The Body embalmed was 300 years after view'd by Augustus in Alexandria Suet. Ant. Ch. 320. City which Alexander himself had built the most Famous almost of any City in the World To this end he built a Temple in Honour of Alexander in Greatness and Stateliness of Structure becoming the Glory and Majesty of that King and in this Repository he laid the Body and honour'd the Exequies of the Dead with Sacrifices and magnificent Shows agreeable to the State of a Demi God Upon which account he was deservedly Honour'd not only by Men but by the Gods Themselves For by his Bounty and Generosity he so gain'd upon Men as they flock'd from all Parts to Alexandria and chearfully listed themselves into his Service notwithstanding the King's Army was then preparing War against him And though he was then in imminent Danger yet all readily ventur'd their Lives to preserve him And the Gods Themselves for his Virtue and kind and obliging Temper towards all rescu'd him out of all his Hazards and Difficulties that seem'd insuperable For Perdiccas who before suspected the increase of his Power had resolv'd bringing the * These Kings were Arrideus and Alexander Alexander's Children Perdiccas prepares for Egypt against Ptolemy Kings along with him of an Exepedition into Egypt with the Strength of his Army To that end he had deliver'd to Eumenes a considerable Body of Men with sufficient number of brave Officers with Command to march to the Hellespont to stop the Passage of Antipater and Craterus over into Asia Amongst the Commanders the most Illustrious were Alcetas his Brother and Neoptolemus But these he order'd in all things to be observant to Eumenes because he was both a skilful and prudent General and a constant and faithful Friend Eumenes therefore with the Forces deliver'd him came to the Hellespont and compleated his Army with Horse rais'd out of his own Province lately gain'd in which his Troops were before only deficient But after that Antipater and Craterus had transported their Army out of Europe Neoptolemus Eumenes beats Neoptolemus Ant. Ch. 320. out of Envy to Eumenes having a considerable Army of Macedonians under his Command secretly sent Messengers to Antipater and colleaguing with him contriv'd how to intrap Eumenes but his Treachery being discover'd he was forc'd to fight and in the Battel lost almost all his Men and was very near being cut off himself Eumenes being thus Conqueror after this great Slaughter join'd the rest of those that were left to his own Army and so did not only by this Victory increase his Forces but strengthen'd himself with a great number of Macedonians that were excellent Soldiers Neoptolemus fled off the Field with three hundred Horse and went over to Antipater Whereupon a Consultation was had between them in reference to the Concerns of the War in which it was determin'd to divide the Army into two Bodies one to march under Antipater into Cilicia to fight with Perdiccas and the other with Craterus to fall upon Eumenes and P. 644. when he was routed then Craterus to return to Antipater that so the whole Army being join'd together in one Body and having Ptolemy their Confederate they might be better able to deal with the King's Army Eumenes having Intelligence of the Enemy's march gather'd Forces together from all Parts especially Horse for because he had not Foot able to cope with the Macedonian Phalanx he rais'd a great Body of Horse by whose assistance he hop'd to be in a Condition to overcome the Enemy And now at length the Armies drew near one to another whereupon Craterus drew Battel between Eumenes and Craterus up his Men together in order by a set Speech to encourage them to fight in which Harangue he promis'd That if they were Conquerors they should have all the Pillage of the Field and all the Bag and Baggage as a Prey to their own use All being thus encourag'd he drew up his Army in Battalia the Right Wing he commanded himself Ant. Ch. 320. the Left he gave to Neoptolemus His Army in the whole consisted of Twenty thousand Foot most of them Macedonians Men famous for their Valour in whom he plac'd the Confidence of his Victory with these there march'd along with him above Two thousand Horse Eumenes likewise had Twenty thousand Foot of divers Nations and Five thousand Horse on whole Valour chiefly he had resolv'd to venture and lay all the Stake in this Battel The Horse on both sides moving forward in two Wings a great distance before the Foot Craterus with a Body of choice Men made a brave Charge upon the Enemy but his Horse stumbling he was thrown out of the Saddle to the Ground and not being known was by the confus'd throng of Horse trampl'd under Foot and so unfortunately lost his Life upon whose Fall the Enemy was so encourag'd that dispersing themselves up and down they made a terrible
Slaughter The Right Wing being thus distress'd and at length totally routed was forc'd to retreat to the Foot But in the left Wing commanded by Neoptolemus oppos'd to Eumenes there was a very sharp Engagement the two Generals singling out one another For being known to each other by their Horses and other Combat between Neoptolimus and Eumenes special Marks they fought hand to hand and by combating thus singly they put a Remark upon the Victory for after they had try'd it out by their Swords they presently began an admirable and new sort of Encounter Anger and Revenge mutually stirring up each other For letting their Bridles fall upon their Horses Necks they catch'd hold Ant. Ch. 320. with their left hands one upon another and so grappling together their Horses violently pressing forward ran from under them leaving them both tumbling on the Ground together And though it was a difficult matter for either of them after so violent a Fall to rise again and besides being press'd down by the weight of their Arms yet Eumenes rising first wounded Neoptolemus in the Ham with so great a Gash and Cut that he lay Hamstrung groveling upon the Ground and by reason of the grievousness of the Wound was not able to raise himself upon his Feet But the Stoutness and Courage of his Mind overcoming the Weakness of his Body he got upon his Knees and gave his Adversary three Wounds upon his Arm and Thigh but none of them being mortal while they were yet warm Eumenes gave Neoptolemus a second Blow upon his Neck and kill'd him outright In the mean time great Slaughter was made among the rest of the Horse on both sides so that while some were kill'd and others wounded the Fortune of the Day at the first was very uncertain But as soon as it was nois'd abroad that Neoptolemus was slain and both Wings broken the whole Body fled and made away to the * The Battalion of the Macedonian Foot P. 645. Ant. Ch. 320. Phalanx as to a strong Wall of Defence But Eumenes content with keeping of his Ground and the Possession of the Bodies of both the Generals sounded a Retreat to his Soldiers Then he set up a Trophy and after he had bury'd the Slain he sent to the Phalanx and to them that were thus routed to let them know That whoever would should have liberty to take up Arms with him or to go their way wherever they pleas'd The Macedonians accepted of these Terms of Peace and upon Oath of Fidelity given they had liberty to march away to the next Towns to supply themselves with Provision But they dealt treacherously with Eumenes for recollecting their Forces and furnishing themselves with Provision in the Night they stole away and went to Antipater Eumenes indeed did all he could to revenge this Breach of their Oaths and to that end forthwith endeavour'd to pursue the Phalanx but by reason of the Strength of the Enemy and his own Indisposition through the Wounds he had receiv'd he was not able to do any thing effectually and therefore he judg'd it better to forbear from further Pursuit Having therefore gain'd so glorious a Victory and cut off two eminent Commanders his Name grew very famous Antipater having receiv'd those that had escap'd after they were refresh'd hasted away to Cilicia and to aid Ptolemy But †Perdiccas comes into Aegypt Perdiccas hearing of the * His first Victory over Neoptolemus for Perdiccas was kill'd before the News of this last arriv'd as appears afterwards Victory gain'd by Eumenes prosecuted his Expedition into Aegypt with much more Assurance When he came near to the River Nile he encamp'd not far off Pelusium and while he was cleansing an old Sluce Nile so overflow'd that it defeated all his Design and spoil'd his Works and many of his Friends deserted the Camp and went over to Ptolomy For he inclin'd to Cruelty and having remov'd the rest of the Captains from the Sovereign Command he made it his only Business to be sole Monarch and absolute Tyrant Ptolemy on the contrary was courteous and mild and gave free Liberty to the rest of the Captains to advise him in all his Enterprizes Besides he had put strong Garisons Ant. Ch. 320. into all the convenient Places of Aegypt and had furnish'd them with all sorts of Weapons and other Things that were necessary By which means he succeeded in every thing for the most part that he undertook while many that lov'd the Man chearfully expos'd themselves to undergo all Hazards for his sake But Perdiccas to repair his Losses call'd together the Commanders and having regain'd some by Gifts and others by large Promises and all by smooth Words he hearten'd himself so as to bear up against the Hazards and Difficulties that were coming apace upon him And when he had order'd them all to be ready for a March about Evening he mov'd from thence with his whole Army Not acquainting any whither he would lead them he march'd all Night with a swift March and at length encamp'd upon the Banks of the Nile not far from a Castle call'd the Camel's Wall When it was Day he pass'd his Army over the Elephants leading the Way and next to them the Targateers with those that carry'd the Sealing Ladders and other things he had occasion to use in a Siege His best Horse at length brought up the Rear with Ant. Ch. 320. whom he intended to attack the Ptolemeans if it happen'd that they appear'd In the middle of their March Ptolemy's Horse shew'd themselves making forward in a swift Career for the Defence of the Town who though they hasted away to enter the Fort and by sounding of Trumpets and shouts of Men gave sufficient notice to all of their Approach yet Perdiccas was not at all amus'd but boldly led up his Army close to the Fort and forthwith the Targateers with their Ladders mounted the Wall and those that rid the Perdiccas assaults the Fore call'd the Camelâ—-wall but is re 〈…〉 d. Elephants threw down the Fortifications and demolish'd the Bulwarks Whereupon Ptolemy with those of his own Guard about him to encourage the rest of his Officers and Friends manfully to behave themselves catch'd hold of a Sarissa and mounted the Bulwark and so being on the higher Ground struck out the Eyes of the foremost Elephant and wounded the Indian that sate upon him And as for those that seal'd the Walls he hurl'd them down shamefully cut and wounded together with their Arms into the River After his Example Ptolemy's Friends valiantly bestirr'd themselves and by killing the Indian that govern'd the next Elephant the Beast became unserviceable The Assault P. 646. continuing long Perdiccas his Soldiers assaulted the Wall by turns striving with all the Vigour imaginable to gain the Fort by Storm On the other hand Ptolemy calling to his Friends now to approve their Faithfulness and Loyalty to him by their Courage Ant. Ch.