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the_o field_n where_o he_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v deal_v withal_o example_n be_v plentiful_a but_o i_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o a_o macedonian_a example_n lib._n alexander_n lead_v his_o army_n against_o the_o triball_n that_o have_v hide_v themselves_o in_o a_o wood_n command_v his_o archer_n and_o slinger_n to_o run_v out_o and_o to_o shoot_v and_o sling_v among_o the_o barbarian_n to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v toll_v they_o into_o the_o plain_a the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n spare_v not_o to_o let_v fly_v and_o the_o triball_n be_v wound_v with_o arrow_n throw_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a archer_n alexander_n present_o command_v philotas_n with_o the_o horse_n of_o upper_a macedonia_n to_o charge_v the_o right_a wing_n on_o which_o part_n they_o cast_v out_o themselves_o farthest_o and_o heraclide_n and_o sopolis_n with_o the_o horse_n of_o bottiâ—a_n and_o amphipolis_n the_o left_a himself_o stretch_v out_o 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to_o the_o light_n arm_v and_o horse_n wherein_o notwithstanding_o the_o counsel_n of_o b._n iphicrates_n be_v hold_v good_a take_v heed_n say_v he_o to_o his_o lightarmed_n of_o ambush_n and_o spare_v not_o to_o press_v hard_o upon_o the_o rear_n of_o those_o that_o fly_v till_o you_o come_v to_o river_n or_o straits_n or_o ditch_n for_o it_o be_v dangerous_a in_o such_o place_n to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n flight_n lest_o fear_v turn_v into_o desperation_n the_o fashion_n of_o horse-battaile_n and_o first_o of_o the_o rhombe_n the_o wedge_n and_o the_o square_n chap._n xviii_o those_o that_o have_v write_v before_o i_o have_v diverse_o frame_v horse-battaile_n some_o of_o just_a square_n some_o long_o in_o flank_n then_o in_o front_n some_o like_o a_o rhombe_n some_o like_o a_o wedge_n but_o none_o of_o they_o have_v if_o i_o may_v speak_v free_o express_v full_o their_o own_o conceit_n therefore_o to_o make_v all_o thing_n clear_a and_o better_a to_o be_v understand_v i_o will_v 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overpress_v with_o multitude_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n quick_o flee_v from_o either_o wing_n but_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o left_a wing_n partly_o avoid_v the_o elephant_n partly_o contemn_v the_o mercenary_n fall_v on_o and_o charge_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o put_v it_o to_o flight_n follow_v hard_o and_o give_v chase_v even_o to_o the_o trench_n but_o of_o those_o that_o be_v place_v against_o the_o elephant_n the_o first_o sink_v under_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o beast_n perish_v be_v overturn_v and_o tread_v to_o death_n by_o heap_n the_o body_n of_o the_o battle_n remain_v a_o while_n unbroken_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o they_o that_o be_v after_o place_v but_o when_o the_o rear_n of_o all_o encompass_v by_o the_o horse_n be_v force_v to_o turn_v about_o and_o fight_v with_o they_o and_o the_o other_o that_o have_v by_o force_n make_v way_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o be_v now_o behind_o their_o back_n come_v up_o to_o the_o fresh_a phalange_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n stand_v in_o good_a order_n they_o be_v by_o they_o slay_v thus_o fortune_n be_v contrary_a on_o all_o side_n the_o roman_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v tread_v to_o death_n by_o the_o excessive_a might_n of_o the_o beast_n and_o the_o rest_n die_v with_o the_o dart_n of_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v the_o error_n of_o attilius_n regulus_n be_v in_o order_v his_o battle_n too_o deep_a by_o mean_n whereof_o it_o be_v easy_o encompass_v and_o distress_a by_o the_o carthaginian_a horse_n b._n appian_n likewise_o blame_v antiochus_n for_o order_v his_o phalange_n 32_o man_n in_o depth_n where_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n ought_v to_o but_o 16_o deep_a show_v that_o by_o that_o oversight_n it_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o overthrow_v i_o have_v touch_v the_o history_n in_o my_o note_n before_o many_o other_o example_n may_v be_v allege_v but_o these_o two_o be_v sufficient_a for_o our_o purpose_n the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o double_v of_o the_o length_n by_o number_n middle_a man_n double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n by_o this_o command_n the_o middle_a man_n with_o their_o half_a file_n march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o file_n and_o stand_v even_o with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o the_o rest_n even_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n double_v of_o the_o length_n in_o place_n stand_v in_o your_o open_a order_n one_o half_n open_v their_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a and_o stand_v six_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o double_v of_o the_o depth_n in_o number_n double_o your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o even_a file_n fall_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o odd_a file_n double_o your_o file_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n and_o fall_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o odd_a and_o place_n themselves_o lineal_o after_o they_o observe_v their_o first_o distance_n divide_v your_o file_n and_o double_v they_o by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n half_n the_o file_n divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a and_o countermarch_n out_o behind_o the_o rear_n then_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o place_n behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o stand_a file_n which_o remove_v not_o then_o march_v on_o and_o place_n themselves_o orderly_o behind_o they_o file_n to_o file_v then_o turn_v their_o face_n as_o at_o first_o double_v the_o depth_n in_o place_n rank_n open_v behind_o to_o your_o open_a order_n the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o deep_a phalange_n or_o hearse_n and_o the_o uneven-fronted_n phalange_n chap._n xxx_o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o length_n much_o exceed_v the_o depth_n orthiophalanx_n or_o the_o deep_a phalange_n common_o call_v the_o hearse_n be_v that_o which_o procee_v by_o wing_n have_v the_o depth_n much_o exceed_v the_o length_n in_o general_a speech_n every_o thing_n be_v call_v parameke_n which_o have_v length_n more_o than_o the_o depth_n and_o that_o which_o have_v the_o depth_n more_o than_o the_o length_n orthion_n and_o so_o likewise_o a_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n loxe_n or_o uneven_a front_a be_v that_o which_o put_v forth_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v think_v fit_a towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o with_o it_o beginning_n the_o fight_n hold_v off_o the_o other_o in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n till_o opportunity_n be_v to_o advance_v of_o parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la eutaxis_fw-la &_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o parembole_n or_o insertion_n be_v when_o place_v soldier_n before_o we_o take_v off_o the_o hindmost_a and_o rank_n they_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o protaxis_fw-la or_o fore-fronting_a be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o make_v they_o forestander_n as_o the_o fileleader_n be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n behind_o it_o be_v call_v epitaxis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o after-placing_a prostaxis_fw-la or_o adjoin_v be_v when_o to_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o to_o one_o flank_n some_o part_n of_o the_o hindmost_a be_v add_v the_o front_n of_o they_o that_o be_v add_v lie_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n such_o addition_n be_v call_v prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la or_o insition_n be_v when_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o set_v the_o lightarmed_n within_o the_o space_n of_o the_o file_n of_o the_o phalange_n man_n to_o man_n hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a be_v when_o you_o bestow_v the_o lightarmed_n under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n place_v they_o in_o a_o embow_v form_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a figure_n resemble_v a_o
the_o distance_n require_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o your_o hinder_a rank_n forward_o and_o order_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n fileleader_n stand_v firm_a the_o other_o rank_n turn_v face_n about_o and_o open_v behind_o to_o the_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v the_o right-wing-corner-file_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n and_o proceed_v to_o your_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v your_o pike_n close_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n it_o differ_v not_o from_o the_o other_o but_o that_o the_o move_a be_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n close_v to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o right-wing_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o left_a to_o the_o pike_n each_o move_v up_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o stand_v at_o the_o distance_n name_v face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o the_o hinder_a rank_n forward_o and_o order_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n the_o first_o rank_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n about_o and_o open_v the_o rank_n to_o the_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v the_o file_n next_o the_o middle_a section_n stand_v fast_o and_o the_o right_a wing_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o left_a to_o the_o pike_n and_o move_v on_o till_o the_o first_o distance_n recover_v face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v the_o pike_n we_o may_v not_o forget_v aelians_n general_a rule_n for_o turn_v of_o face_n out_o of_o closing_n that_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o advance_v for_o when_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o closeness_n require_v the_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n will_v hardly_o admit_v turn_v of_o the_o face_n the_o like_a fall_v out_o when_o you_o will_v open_v from_o the_o close_v the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o exercise_n of_o arm_n chap._n xxxiv_o these_o precept_n of_o turn_v about_o of_o face_n of_o wheel_v and_o double_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o of_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o show_v himself_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o in_o front_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o our_o march_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o macedonian_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o for_o this_o cause_n either_o to_o have_v name_n according_o the_o history_n witness_v that_o philip_n who_o much_o enlarge_v the_o macedonian_a kingdom_n and_o overcome_v the_o grecian_n in_o battle_n at_o cheronea_n and_o make_v himself_o general_n of_o greece_n and_o likewise_o his_o son_n alexander_n that_o in_o short_a time_n conquer_v all_o asia_n make_v small_a account_n of_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n unless_o necessity_n force_v it_o and_o that_o they_o both_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a become_v victorious_a over_o their_o enemy_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n the_o enemy_n fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n be_v cause_n of_o great_a confusion_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o hindermost_a dismarch_v towards_o the_o front_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o run_v away_o it_o more_o encourage_v and_o embolden_v the_o enemy_n to_o follow_v for_o fear_v and_o pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n ordinary_o deny_v that_o kind_n of_o countermarch_n but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n for_o when_o the_o enemy_n show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o leader_n with_o their_o follower_n brave_o advance_v and_o oppose_v themselves_o it_o strike_v no_o small_a fear_n and_o terror_n into_o their_o mind_n cap._n 30_o the_o fileleader_n a_o deduction_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n a_o right_a induction_n the_o front_n a_o deduction_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n cap._n 36._o the_o coelembolos_fw-la or_o hollow_a front_a wedge_n the_o front_n the_o right_a induction_n cap._n 36._o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o left_a wing_n the_o right_a wing_n the_o front_n the_o phalange_n set_v against_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o phalange_n set_v against_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o coelmebolos_fw-la the_o forbear_n phalange_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n that_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o army_n and_o their_o soverall_a kind_n chap._n xxxv_o we_o be_v to_o acquaint_v our_o force_n both_o foot_n and_o horse_n partly_o with_o the_o voice_n and_o partly_o with_o visible_a sign_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v fit_v be_v execute_v and_o do_v as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v some_o thing_n also_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v by_o the_o trumpet_n for_o so_o all_o direction_n will_v be_v full_o accomplish_v and_o sort_n to_o a_o desire_a effect_n the_o sign_n therefore_o which_o be_v deliver_v by_o voice_n be_v most_o evident_a and_o clear_a if_o they_o have_v no_o impediment_n but_o the_o most_o certain_a and_o least_o tumultuous_a be_v such_o as_o be_v present_v to_o the_o eye_n if_o they_o be_v not_o obscure_v the_o voice_n sometime_o can_v hardly_o be_v hear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o clash_n of_o armour_n or_o trample_v and_o neigh_v of_o horse_n or_o tumult_n of_o carriage_n or_o noise_n and_o confuse_a sound_n of_o the_o multitude_n the_o visible_a sign_n also_o become_v many_o way_n incertain_a by_o thickness_n of_o air_n and_o dust_n or_o rain_n or_o snow_n or_o sunshine_n or_o else_o through_o ground_n that_o be_v uneven_a or_o full_a of_o tree_n or_o of_o turn_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v out_o sign_n for_o all_o use_n occasion_n eftsoon_o present_v new_a matter_n to_o the_o which_o a_o man_n be_v not_o accustom_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o by_o voice_n or_o by_o signal_n we_o shall_v not_o give_v certain_a and_o sure_a direction_n of_o march_v and_o of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o battle_n fit_a for_o a_o march_n and_o first_o of_o the_o right-induction_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la and_o the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n xxxvi_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o march_v i_o will_v first_o give_v to_o understand_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o march_n be_v a_o right-induction_n other_o some_o a_o deduction_n on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o that_o in_o a_o single_a or_o double_a or_o treble_a or_o quadruple-sided-battaile_n in_o a_o single_a when_o one_o enemy_n be_v fear_v in_o a_o double_a when_o two_o in_o a_o treble_a when_o three_o in_o a_o quadruple_a when_o the_o enemy_n purpose_v to_o give_v on_o on_o all_o side_n therefore_o the_o march_n be_v undertake_v sometime_o in_o a_o single_a phalange_n sometime_o in_o a_o twofold_a phalange_n or_o else_o in_o a_o threefold_a phalange_n or_o in_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n a_o right-induction_n be_v when_o one_o body_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n follow_v another_o as_o if_o a_o xenagy_a lead_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v xenage-wise_a or_o a_o tetrarchy_n lead_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_a to_o that_o form_n it_o be_v so_o call_v when_o the_o march_n stretch_v itself_o out_o into_o a_o wing_n have_v the_o depth_n much_o exceed_v the_o length_n against_o it_o be_v oppose_v the_o wedge_n coelembolos_fw-la which_o be_v frame_v when_o the_o antistomos_n phalange_n diphalange_n disjoin_v the_o leading-wing_n close_v the_o rear_n in_o manner_n of_o the_o letter_n v_o as_o the_o figure_n after_o place_v do_v teach_v in_o which_o the_o front_n be_v dissever_v &_o the_o rear_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o for_o the_o right-induction_n point_v at_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o coelembolos_fw-la quick_o open_v before_o serve_v both_o to_o frustrate_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o front_n and_o to_o clasp_v in_o and_o circumvent_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o right-induction_n furthermore_o a_o phalange_n triphalange_n be_v to_o be_v set_v against_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la one_o phalange_n fight_v against_o one_o wing_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o second_o against_o the_o other_o and_o the_o middle_n and_o three_o forbear_v and_o expect_v a_o time_n fit_a to_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o be_v call_v a_o right-hand-deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v call_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple-side_n accornd_v to_o the_o place_n and_o part_n it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o
length_n it_o be_v profitable_a in_o many_o respect_n for_o seem_v to_o carry_v but_o few_o in_o so_o small_a a_o breadth_n it_o deceive_v the_o enemy_n and_o it_o easy_o break_v his_o force_n with_o the_o thickness_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o embattail_v and_o may_v without_o perceive_v be_v lead_v through_o straight_o and_o narrow_a passage_n the_o foot-battaile_n to_o encounter_v it_o be_v call_v the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battaile_n for_o be_v but_o slender_a in_o depth_n it_o bear_v forth_o and_o extend_v itself_o in_o length_n so_o that_o albeit_o it_o be_v break_v in_o the_o midst_n with_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o horse_n yet_o be_v nothing_o break_v but_o a_o little_a of_o the_o depth_n and_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v carry_v not_o upon_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o foot_n but_o straight_o and_o immediate_o into_o the_o open_a field_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n be_v the_o length_n thereof_o much_o exceed_v the_o depth_n of_o another_o kind_n of_o rhombe_n for_o horseman_n and_o of_o the_o foote-battaile_n epicampios_fw-la emprosthia_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n xlvi_o another_o sort_n of_o rhomboide_n there_o be_v whereof_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o it_o file_v and_o rank_v not_o for_o i_o have_v before_o show_v the_o use_n and_o that_o ileon_n the_o thessalian_a be_v the_o inventor_n and_o that_o jason_n medea_n husband_n most_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n the_o use_n thereof_o be_v great_a be_v direct_v and_o lead_v in_o the_o four_o corner_n by_o the_o captain_n the_o lieutenant_n and_o the_o two_o flanke-commander_n it_o be_v common_o fashion_v of_o archer_n on_o horseback_n as_o the_o armenian_a and_o persian_a manner_n be_v against_o it_o be_v oppose_v the_o foote-battaile_n call_v battle_n epicampios_fw-la emprosthia_n because_o the_o circumduction_n of_o the_o front_n be_v like_o a_o embow_n the_o end_n of_o this_o form_n be_v to_o deceive_v and_o overreach_v the_o archer_n on_o horseback_n either_o by_o wrap_v they_o in_o the_o void_a space_n of_o the_o front_n as_o they_o charge_v and_o give_v on_o upon_o the_o spur_n or_o else_o disorder_v they_o first_o with_o their_o wing_n and_o break_v their_o fury_n by_o overthrow_v they_o final_o with_o their_o rank_n about_o the_o middle_a ensign_n this_o kind_n of_o battle_n be_v devise_v to_o entrap_v and_o beguile_v for_o open_v the_o middle_a hollowness_n it_o make_v show_v but_o of_o a_o few_o that_o march_v in_o the_o wing_n have_v notwithstanding_o thrice_o as_o many_o follow_a and_o second_v in_o the_o rear_n so_o that_o if_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a for_o the_o encounter_n there_o need_v no_o more_o if_o not_o retire_v easy_o on_o either_o fide_fw-la they_o be_v to_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v cyrte_n which_o be_v to_o be_v set_v against_o the_o epicampios_fw-la chap._n xlvii_o the_o battle_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o epicampios_fw-la be_v call_v convexebattaile_n cyrte_n of_o the_o circumferent_a form_n this_o also_o make_v semblance_n of_o small_a force_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o convexitie_n of_o the_o figure_n for_o all_o round_a thing_n appear_v little_a in_o compass_n and_o yet_o stretch_v out_o in_o length_n and_o single_v they_o prove_v twice_o as_o much_o as_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v as_o be_v evident_a in_o pillar_n which_o be_v round_o and_o therefore_o in_o sight_n show_v the_o one_o half_a and_o conceal_v the_o other_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o skill_n in_o embattail_v be_v to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o few_o man_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o indeed_o to_o bring_v twice_o as_o many_o to_o fight_v of_o the_o tetragonall_a horsebattaile_n and_o of_o the_o wedge_n of_o foot_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n xlviii_o the_o fouresquare_a tetragonall_a horsebattaile_n be_v square_a in_o figure_n but_o not_o in_o number_n of_o man_n for_o in_o square_n the_o number_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o 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and_o size_n of_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n likewise_o they_o arm_v there_o wâ—ole_a horse_n with_o iron_n except_o his_o hoof_n because_o their_o own_o armour_n will_v little_o avail_v in_o case_n their_o horse_n miscarry_v cuâ—tius_n describe_v the_o form_n in_o the_o persian_a horseman_n who_o furniture_n he_o say_v be_v make_v of_o plate_n fasten_v together_o in_o continue_a dependence_n of_o scale_n of_o iron_n d_o appian_n speak_v how_o the_o parthian_n seek_v to_o terrify_v crassus_n and_o his_o army_n upon_o the_o sudden_a cast_v away_o the_o cover_v of_o their_o armour_n and_o both_o themselves_o appear_v in_o shine_a curass_n and_o headpiece_n the_o maâ—gian_a iron_n of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v dart_v forth_o a_o flash_a and_o disperse_v twinkle_a light_n and_o their_o horse_n glister_v in_o brazen_a and_o iron_n furniture_n yet_o do_v appian_n in_o the_o sâ—me_n plaâ—e_v note_n that_o the_o bell_n of_o these_o horse_n be_v not_o arm_v crasso_fw-la for_o the_o 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manner_n stick_v out_o from_o the_o body_n and_o whereby_o the_o body_n be_v support_v that_o that_o we_o call_v wing_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n call_v horn_n in_o the_o battle_n the_o word_n keras_n signify_v a_o point_n bear_v out_o from_o the_o height_n or_o end_n of_o any_o thing_n it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o top_n of_o rock_n and_o for_o promontory_n and_o such_o like_a and_o in_o a_o phalange_n it_o proper_o signify_v the_o two_o point_n the_o right_n and_o the_o left_a of_o the_o wing_n the_o english_a word_n wing_n i_o be_o fain_a to_o retain_v because_o it_o be_v familiar_a and_o in_o use_n aelian_a here_o will_v have_v the_o wing_n to_o stretch_v out_o from_o the_o middle_a section_n to_o either_o point_n the_o right_n and_o left_a of_o the_o phalange_n under_o which_o appellation_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o whole_a space_n that_o begin_v at_o the_o middle_a interval_n and_o run_v along_o to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o battle_n on_o the_o right_a 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not_o safe_a for_o they_o in_o retire_v to_o fetch_v a_o compass_n about_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o to_o turn_v in_o again_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o wing_n for_o the_o enemy_n haste_v to_o come_v to_o hand_n will_v easy_o prevent_v and_o intercept_v they_o in_o the_o midst_n so_o that_o they_o neither_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o break_v through_o the_o arm_a already_o close_v for_o fight_v and_o fall_v upon_o their_o own_o weapon_n they_o must_v needs_o disorder_v their_o own_o people_n every_o man_n after_o other_o seek_v to_o find_v a_o way_n through_o they_o to_o escape_v the_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o thus_o much_o onosander_n from_o who_o we_o may_v learn_v both_o that_o their_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o section_n in_o the_o phalange_n than_o one_o and_o that_o the_o institution_n of_o they_o have_v this_o chief_a end_n to_o receive_v the_o lightarmed_n in_o their_o space_n after_o they_o have_v skirmish_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v by_o they_o force_v to_o retire_v i_o may_v add_v that_o aelian_n place_v the_o lightarmed_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n if_o you_o give_v but_o one_o section_n unto_o it_o it_o will_v be_v as_o hard_a for_o they_o to_o advance_v and_o sâ—rue_a before_o the_o front_n as_o it_o will_v be_v to_o retreat_v after_o their_o service_n do_v it_o seem_v that_o 58_o leo_n give_v three_o intervall_n to_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o ancient_a tactic_n he_o say_v they_o oppose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o arm_a against_o the_o enemy_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o four_o part_n the_o right_a and_o leave_v and_o the_o middle-right_a and_o middle-left_a part_n make_v so_o many_o part_n the_o part_n must_v be_v distinguish_v as_o i_o collect_v by_o intervall_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v one_o after_o the_o first_o body_n of_o the_o right-wing_n another_o after_o the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o middle_a section_n the_o three_o after_o the_o three_o and_o this_o three_o section_n be_v bound_v with_o the_o four_o body_n which_o make_v the_o point_n of_o the_o left-wing_n for_o if_o the_o phalange_n be_v whole_a and_o entire_a without_o more_o intervall_n than_o one_o how_o can_v there_o be_v four_o part_n for_o esteem_v they_o by_o phalangarchy_n without_o leave_v space_n between_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v there_o be_v but_o four_o part_n of_o the_o phalange_n consider_v that_o as_o well_o the_o merarchy_n chiliarchy_n pentecosiarchy_n syntagmatae_n be_v part_n of_o it_o as_o the_o phalangarchy_n but_o be_v distinguish_v by_o partition_n of_o intervall_n the_o four_o phalangarchy_n become_v four_o part_n namely_o the_o right_n leave_v middle-right_a and_o middle-left_a as_o leo_n here_o term_v they_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d leo_n speak_v after_o more_o plain_o enjoin_v his_o general_n to_o separate_v and_o disjoin_v diachorizein_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o his_o army_n into_o four_o part_n for_o as_o choris_fw-la signify_v a_o part_n or_o sever_v so_o diachorizo_n be_v derive_v from_o it_o signify_v to_o put_v asunder_o or_o set_v a_o part_n phalangarchia_n suidas_n be_v yet_o a_o little_a more_o clear_a a_o phalangarchie_n say_v he_o be_v two_o merarchy_n of_o four_o thousand_o and_o ninty_a six_o man_n this_o as_o some_o say_v be_v the_o section_n apotome_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o other_o it_o be_v a_o meros_n of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v call_v strategia_n and_o the_o commander_n strategos_n but_o now_o he_o be_v term_v phalangarcha_n suidas_n make_v the_o wing_n to_o have_v a_o partition_n or_o section_n and_o say_v some_o call_v a_o phalangarchie_n by_o the_o name_n of_o this_o section_n before_o we_o hear_v out_o of_o aelian_n that_o the_o wing_n right_a or_o left_a do_v stretch_v out_o from_o the_o middle_a section_n to_o the_o outward_a most_o point_n of_o the_o battle_n on_o either_o
force_n to_o his_o son_n aleander_n that_o he_o need_v no_o other_o ally_n to_o overthrow_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o persia._n after_o his_o death_n 〈…〉_z alexander_n â—ooke_v his_o langdome_n and_o army_n and_o with_o it_o encounter_v and_o five_o inquish_a darius_n in_o two_o great_a battle_n run_v through_o asia_n like_o a_o flash_n of_o 〈◊〉_d renâ—ing_v a_o piece_n aâ—_n that_o resâ—ted_v or_o stand_v in_o his_o way_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o albeit_o afterward_o divide_v continue_v long_o in_o his_o successor_n neither_o be_v the_o experience_n of_o their_o invinciblenesse_n against_o the_o barbarous_a people_n only_o but_o as_o much_o against_o the_o grecian_n who_o â—ill_v philip_n time_n be_v esteem_v the_o chief_a master_n of_o arm_n in_o europe_n this_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o victory_n the_o macedonian_n obtain_v against_o the_o renown_a city_n of_o greece_n both_o joint_o and_o several_o 〈…〉_z philip_n overthrow_v the_o phocean_n albeit_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o athenian_n join_v with_o they_o the_o same_o 〈…〉_z philip_n at_o cheronaea_n defeat_v the_o power_n of_o the_o theban_n and_o athenian_n join_v together_o 〈…〉_z alexander_n take_v and_o sack_v the_o city_n of_o thebes_n that_o about_o that_o time_n be_v account_v the_o might_a city_n of_o greece_n 〈…〉_z his_o lieutenant_n antipater_n foil_v the_o lacedâ—nians_n 〈◊〉_d battle_n â—nd_v steâ—_n their_o king_n agis_n 〈…〉_z antigonus_n tutor_n of_o king_n phiâ—p_n the_o son_n of_o demetrius_n break_v a_o army_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o peloponesiâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o chase_v out_o of_o greece_n cleomenes_n the_o last_o brave_a king_n of_o sparta_n 〈◊〉_d they_o be_v not_o beat_v in_o the_o field_n by_o any_o nation_n but_o only_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o yet_o the_o judgement_n of_o 〈…〉_z polybius_n do_v in_o this_o also_o prove_v itself_o good_a for_o where_o the_o roman_n have_v these_o victory_n against_o the_o macedonian_n he_o assign_v this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o phalange_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fight_n have_v not_o the_o proper_a place_n nor_o mean_n to_o use_v it_o own_o power_n in_o the_o encounter_n so_o long_o as_o the_o phalange_n have_v ground_n enough_o and_o can_v meet_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o right_a front_n he_o hold_v it_o not_o possible_a to_o be_v foil_v be_v divide_v and_o in_o place_n uneven_a he_o be_v of_o opinion_n and_o experience_n have_v teach_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v put_v in_o a_o rout_n 〈…〉_z plutarch_n compare_v it_o for_o strength_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v one_o body_n and_o maintain_v the_o synaspisme_n joint_o to_o a_o invincible_a beast_n be_v disâ—evered_v he_o say_v it_o lose_v the_o force_n in_o the_o whole_a and_o in_o every_o man_n particular_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o arm_v and_o also_o because_o the_o violence_n oâ—_n it_o consist_v rather_o in_o knit_v of_o all_o part_n together_o than_o in_o particular_a of_o any_o man_n valour_n three_o battle_n to_o praetermit_v aivers_a skirmish_n i_o find_v the_o roman_n 〈◊〉_d with_o and_o thiem_v 〈◊〉_d the_o macedonian_n one_o against_o king_n philip_n the_o son_n of_o demeâ—us_n a_o 〈◊〉_d against_o antiochus_n the_o three_o against_o perâ—eus_n the_o soâ—e_a of_o king_n pâ—lip_n 〈…〉_z for_o i_o paâ—_n over_o those_o wherein_o they_o be_v beat_v by_o pyâ—hus_n 〈◊〉_d worâ—_n 〈…〉_z philip_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d phalange_n and_o not_o use_v the_o whole_a together_o but_o fight_v against_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o right_a wing_n only_o yet_o have_v the_o better_a and_o wâ—_n too_o â—ard_o for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n that_o join_v with_o he_o but_o the_o other_o 〈…〉_z winâ—_n come_v into_o the_o field_n fit_v rather_o for_o a_o march_n than_o a_o fight_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o order_v themselves_o phalaâ—ge-wise_a be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o the_o roman_a victorious_a fall_v upon_o the_o râ—re_a oâ—_n the_o right_a winâ—_n where_o philip_n be_v and_o have_v now_o get_v the_o victory_n and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n antiochus_n unskilful_a in_o true_a order_n of_o a_o phalange_n trusteâ—_n 〈…〉_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d horse_n than_o his_o phalange_n and_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o l_o scipio_n where_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d give_v full_a scope_n anâ—_n extend_v the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n by_o make_v it_o 16_o deep_a 〈◊〉_d contrariwise_a narrow_v it_o 〈◊〉_d out_o the_o depth_n into_o 32_o whereby_o he_o lose_v the_o advantage_n of_o match_v the_o â—ront_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o after_o his_o horse_n be_v beat_v give_v facility_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o 〈◊〉_d on_o it_o all_o side_n 〈…〉_z perseus_n join_v battle_n with_o paulus_n aemiâ—us_n 〈◊〉_d long_a 〈◊〉_d the_o phalange_n continue_v in_o the_o right_a figure_n slay_v many_o of_o the_o roman_n anâ—_n force_v they_o to_o retire_v but_o follow_v on_o too_o eager_o he_o come_v to_o uneven_a and_o rough_a ground_n wherein_o the_o phalange_n be_v dissever_v left_a space_n and_o breach_n for_o the_o roman_n to_o enter_v and_o defeat_v it_o so_o long_o then_o as_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n have_v fit_a ground_n and_o the_o right_a property_n of_o embattail_v it_o stand_v fast_o against_o the_o roman_n the_o great_a soldier_n that_o ever_o be_v be_v in_o their_o hand_n that_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v it_o as_o a_o sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o child_n it_o yield_v to_o time_n and_o fortune_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v assign_v to_o be_v 2_o the_o manner_n of_o embattail_v which_o consist_v principal_o in_o order_v of_o target_n and_o pike_n in_o close_v of_o the_o target_n by_o synaspisme_n and_o in_o joint_a charge_v of_o the_o pike_n which_o lie_v out_o thick_a from_o the_o front_n beside_o the_o horror_n of_o the_o sight_n give_v almost_o a_o impossibility_n to_o enter_v the_o phalange_n i_o have_v allege_v the_o judgement_n of_o aemilio_n aemilius_n concern_v the_o sight_n present_v by_o a_o phalange_n when_o the_o pike_n lie_v so_o charge_v out_o of_o the_o front_n a._n polybius_n think_v nothing_o can_v resist_v the_o force_n thereof_o c._n livy_n albeit_o many_o time_n more_o than_o partial_a to_o the_o roman_n yet_o in_o the_o selfsame_o fight_n between_o perseus_n and_o aemilius_n give_v his_o judgement_n thus_o of_o the_o phalange_n the_o second_o legion_n say_v he_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o middle_n empty_a place_n and_o so_o break_v asunder_o the_o phalange_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o more_o evident_a cause_n of_o victory_n than_o the_o fight_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o once_o which_o first_o trouble_v the_o phalange_n in_o turn_v many_o way_n and_o afterward_o plain_o disjoint_v and_o scatter_v it_o who_o force_n be_v unite_a and_o rough_a with_o charge_a pike_n be_v intolerable_a if_o by_o give_v on_o in_o diverse_a place_n you_o constrain_v it_o to_o bring_v about_o the_o pike_n immovable_a through_o length_n and_o weight_n it_o entangle_v itself_o with_o confuse_a cross_n if_o at_o one_o time_n you_o charge_v it_o both_o flank_n and_o rear_v they_o fall_v asunder_o like_o a_o ruinous_a building_n as_o than_o they_o be_v compel_v many_o way_n to_o answer_v the_o roman_n and_o so_o to_o break_v their_o battle_n into_o many_o parcel_n and_o the_o roman_n upon_o the_o first_o opportunity_n of_o a_o breach_n straight_o way_n convey_v in_o their_o troop_n who_o if_o they_o have_v meet_v the_o enemy_n in_o front_n have_v run_v upon_o the_o pike_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n it_o happen_v to_o the_o pelignan_n be_v too_o forward_o to_o come_v to_o hand_n and_o can_v not_o have_v resist_v the_o phalange_n fast_o shut_v and_o ser_v up_o for_o the_o encounter_n thus_o livy_n concern_v the_o phalange_n who_o albeit_o a_o roman_a hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n that_o polybius_n do_v 18._o and_o in_o another_o place_n tell_v of_o philip_n encamp_v â—e_n say_v he_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o woody_a plot_n which_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o phalange_n especial_o of_o the_o macedon_n which_o unless_o it_o cast_v the_o pike_n as_o it_o be_v a_o muniment_n before_o the_o target_n and_o that_o can_v be_v but_o in_o open_a ground_n be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n so_o than_o if_o pike_n may_v be_v charge_v out_o before_o the_o target_n the_o phalange_n be_v of_o great_a use_n but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o rely_v upon_o bare_a opinion_n let_v we_o hear_v by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o target_n of_o the_o macedonian_a against_o the_o roman_a arm_n c._n when_o t._n quintus_fw-la flaminius_n the_o rome_n consul_n have_v drive_v king_n philip_n and_o his_o army_n from_o the_o straits_n near_o antigonia_n see_v that_o the_o enemy_n keep_v himself_o with_o his_o strength_n and_o abstein_v from_o the_o field_n he_o determine_v to_o try_v the_o city_n of_o thessaly_n and_o have_v win_v some_o
hinder_v no_o more_o the_o readiness_n of_o frame_v they_o than_o the_o use_n of_o file_v and_o rank_v help_v the_o other_o the_o four_o be_v rather_o curious_a then_o profitable_a as_o i_o take_v neither_o do_v i_o findâ—_n example_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v of_o it_o that_o the_o square_n be_v much_o easy_a to_o be_v fashion_v we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o last_o three_o in_o due_a place_n touch_v the_o joint_a fall_v on_o of_o the_o commander_n i_o confess_v the_o advantage_n be_v great_a for_o when_o the_o best_a man_n such_o as_o the_o commander_n ought_v to_o be_v altogether_o fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n they_o be_v very_o like_a to_o put_v hard_o to_o they_o and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o skill_n to_o bring_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o to_o bring_v the_o best_a hand_n to_o fight_v many_o hand_n make_v light_a work_n the_o best_a hand_n sure_a work_n now_o for_o the_o rhombe_n aelian_n allege_v these_o reason_n first_o that_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o all_o encounter_n because_o the_o horseman_n be_v ready_a to_o turn_v their_o face_n every_o way_n with_o speed_n then_o that_o they_o can_v be_v surprise_v in_o flank_n or_o rear_v have_v the_o best_a man_n in_o their_o flank_n and_o the_o commander_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o rhombe_n and_o can_v the_o square_a turn_n face_n every_o way_n they_o can_v but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o advantage_n for_o the_o rhombe_n which_o way_n soever_o face_n be_v turn_v remain_v in_o the_o first_o form_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n or_o to_o the_o rear_n it_o keepeeh_a still_o 4_o even_a side_n and_o the_o man_n of_o most_o service_n in_o the_o side_n beside_o that_o one_o point_n always_o affront_v the_o enemy_n not_o unlike_o a_o calthrop_n which_o howsoever_o you_o cast_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n have_v one_o point_n bear_v right_o up_o to_o wound_v the_o horse_n foot_n but_o the_o square_n in_o turn_v face_n to_o either_o flank_n alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o front_n in_o a_o broad_a square_n the_o front_n at_o the_o first_o be_v long_o than_o the_o side_n face_n be_v turn_v to_o either_o flank_n the_o side_n become_v long_o than_o the_o front_n contrariwise_o in_o the_o hearse_n battle_n beside_o in_o such_o turn_n of_o face_n the_o square_a leese_v the_o advantage_n of_o embattatle_a the_o commander_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o front_n stand_v now_o in_o one_o of_o the_o flank_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n joint_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o that_o form_n and_o so_o the_o front_n be_v without_o commander_n be_v subject_a and_o in_o danger_n of_o surprise_n where_o the_o rhombe_n which_o way_n soever_o face_n turn_v have_v as_o many_o commander_n in_o the_o front_n as_o at_o first_o but_o let_v we_o take_v the_o horse_n square_a in_o full_a strength_n with_o all_o commander_n in_o front_n whether_o shall_v that_o form_n be_v better_o than_o the_o rhombe_n i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v it_o for_o where_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o fight_n one_o with_o main_a force_n the_o other_o with_o sleight_n and_o art_n in_o the_o first_o i_o will_v prefer_v the_o square_n in_o the_o last_o the_o rhombe_n the_o square_a for_o slaughter_n and_o violent_a overthrow_v the_o rhombe_n for_o pierce_v and_o artificial_a break_v the_o enemy_n battle_n which_o last_o among_o great_a commander_n have_v always_o be_v account_v the_o best_a kind_n of_o win_v in_o the_o square_a all_o the_o commander_n fall_v joint_o upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o because_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n in_o all_o likelihood_n they_o will_v overthrow_v the_o foremost_a and_o slay_v many_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o their_o front_n they_o stick_v man_n to_o man_n and_o can_v make_v no_o far_a entrance_n and_o the_o victory_n hang_v doubtful_a till_o they_o have_v slay_v the_o most_o of_o they_o that_o resist_v and_o so_o make_v the_o rest_n to_o fly_v the_o rhombe_n contrariwise_a be_v narrow_a and_o point_v in_o the_o front_n first_o force_v a_o passage_n with_o the_o point_n which_o make_v way_n to_o the_o rest_n that_o follow_v and_o then_o without_o great_a labour_n pierce_v further_o and_o further_o break_v the_o adverse_a battle_n &_o disperse_v and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o after_o do_v execution_n at_o pleasure_n neither_o can_v i_o make_v a_o fit_a resemblance_n then_o by_o compare_v the_o 2_o figure_n one_o to_o a_o axe_n the_o other_o to_o a_o wedge_n both_o instrument_n use_v for_o divide_v solid_a mass_n of_o wood_n for_o the_o axe_n albeit_o sharp_a than_o the_o wedge_n yet_o have_v the_o edge_n draw_v out_o in_o length_n can_v not_o by_o any_o strength_n be_v drive_v far_o into_o the_o wood_n but_o by_o double_v many_o stroke_n and_o by_o much_o labour_n come_v at_o last_o to_o divide_v it_o the_o wedge_n contrariwise_a though_o not_o so_o sharp_a be_v once_o enter_v 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of_o the_o straits_n and_o make_v it_o by_o little_a and_o little_o strong_a when_o the_o phalange_n be_v thus_o double_v he_o proceed_v in_o that_o order_n into_o the_o champaign_n &_o there_o again_o reduce_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o arm_a foot_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o man_n in_o every_o file_n this_o place_n of_o xenophon_n if_o it_o be_v not_o corrupt_v be_v very_o obscure_a and_o i_o can_v tell_v whether_o to_o take_v it_o for_o double_v of_o the_o front_n or_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n the_o word_n make_v for_o a_o double_n for_o xenophon_n say_v plain_o the_o phalange_n be_v double_v beside_o he_o add_v it_o be_v make_v by_o little_a and_o little_o strong_a which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v with_o a_o countermarch_v and_o that_o a_o deep_a phalange_n or_o hearse_n such_o as_o this_o by_o the_o evenings_n march_n and_o the_o straits_n it_o enter_v seem_v to_o be_v be_v make_v strong_a by_o double_v the_o front_n there_o be_v no_o question_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o straits_n through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v persuade_v i_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o macedonian_a countermarch_v for_o in_o double_v the_o front_n the_o length_n still_o increase_v &_o the_o manner_n be_v not_o to_o enlarge_v but_o to_o extenuate_v the_o front_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v through_o a_o narrow_a place_n and_o xenophon_n say_v express_o that_o agesilaus_n lead_v it_o through_o the_o straits_n into_o the_o champaign_n in_o that_o order_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reduce_v last_o &_o that_o in_o the_o champion_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o arm_a be_v lessen_v and_o bring_v to_o 9_o or_o 10_o for_o there_o agesilaus_n imbattail_v his_o phalange_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n if_o he_o will_v charge_v and_o in_o a_o march_n through_o straight_a way_n the_o front_n be_v common_o narrow_v and_o proportion_v to_o the_o way_n but_o in_o open_a ground_n the_o phalange_n be_v again_o bring_v to_o the_o just_a length_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v the_o depth_n be_v much_o before_o it_o come_v into_o the_o plain_a because_o in_o the_o plain_a it_o be_v bring_v to_o 9_o or_o 10_o man_n and_o therefore_o no_o double_n last_o agesilaus_n and_o the_o front_n i_o doubt_v not_o of_o the_o phalange_n with_o he_o turn_v face_n to_o the_o enemy_n before_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o to_o he_o which_o be_v do_v in_o no_o other_o motion_n than_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n in_o which_o all_o the_o fileleader_n first_o turn_n about_o their_o face_n towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a battle_n march_v against_o the_o fileleader_n and_o place_v themselves_o orderly_a behind_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n the_o same_o way_n that_o they_o have_v do_v before_o now_o where_o it_o be_v in_o xenophon_n that_o agesilaus_n have_v gain_v the_o champaign_n extend_v his_o army_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o targeteres_n i_o suspect_v a_o
fault_n to_o be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o 9_o and_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v 8_o or_o 10._o to_o extend_v a_o phalange_n be_v to_o draw_v it_o out_o in_o length_n the_o length_n be_v the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o point_n of_o both_o wing_n when_o he_o say_v he_o extend_v it_o to_o 10_o the_o meaning_n be_v he_o draw_v it_o out_o so_o far_o in_o length_n that_o he_o leave_v but_o 10_o in_o depth_n ten_o be_v the_o decas_fw-la whereof_o i_o speak_v before_o and_o i_o have_v likewise_o note_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v the_o depth_n of_o their_o battle_n 8._o the_o number_n of_o 9_o as_o all_o other_o uneven_a number_n be_v reject_v by_o the_o tactic_n as_o unfit_a for_o doubling_n so_o that_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o xenophon_n at_o the_o first_o write_v 8_o or_o 10_o not_o 9_o or_o 10_o howsoever_o 9_o be_v creep_v into_o the_o place_n of_o 8._o but_o to_o return_v to_o agesilaus_n admit_v he_o use_v double_v of_o rank_n or_o of_o the_o front_n in_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o mantinaean_a straits_n yet_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v have_v be_v the_o fit_a motion_n for_o that_o purpose_n for_o himself_o be_v thereby_o cast_v in_o the_o rear_n he_o have_v both_o prevent_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o he_o fear_v and_o yet_o wound_n better_a out_o of_o the_o straits_n the_o long_a hearse_n which_o still_o remain_v in_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v be_v more_o proportionable_a to_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o narrow_a place_n than_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o double_v the_o front_n 3_o the_o persian_a be_v the_o cretan_a or_o choraean_a this_o countermarch_v be_v call_v the_o persian_a and_o cretan_a because_o it_o be_v use_v among_o the_o persian_n and_o cretan_n and_o it_o be_v term_v the_o choraean_a also_o of_o the_o similitude_n it_o have_v with_o the_o solemn_a grecian_a dance_n upon_o stage_n the_o company_n that_o show_v themselves_o in_o such_o dance_n be_v call_v chorus_n who_o in_o their_o dance_n order_v themselves_o into_o file_n and_o rank_n as_o soldier_n do_v in_o battle_n and_o move_v forward_o to_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o stage_n when_o be_v straighten_v by_o the_o place_n they_o can_v pass_v no_o further_o they_o retire_v one_o through_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o other_o exceed_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o place_n as_o be_v do_v in_o this_o countermarch_v the_o other_o two_o kind_n of_o countermarch_v change_v the_o ground_n they_o have_v before_o the_o macedonian_a take_v the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o ground_n after_o the_o rear_n the_o choraean_a hold_v the_o same_o ground_n &_o begin_v the_o motion_n with_o the_o fileleader_n who_o notwithstanding_o proceed_v no_o further_o then_o thither_o where_o the_o bringers-up_a stand_v their_o file_n follow_v they_o &_o every_o soldier_n keep_v the_o same_o distance_n he_o have_v before_o the_o move_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o e._n these_o countermarche_n by_o file_n be_v to_o be_v make_v when_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o come_v to_o charge_v us._n and_o they_o be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n to_o bring_v our_o best_a man_n that_o be_v the_o fileleader_n to_o the_o encounter_n wherein_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o caution_n to_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v very_o near_o or_o so_o near_o that_o we_o can_v convenient_o countermarch_n 39_o before_o he_o come_v up_o to_o we_o we_o forbear_v lest_o we_o fall_v into_o disorder_n and_o in_o disorder_n be_v easy_o defeat_v in_o which_o case_n the_o best_a remedy_n be_v to_o turn_v face_n about_o and_o so_o receive_v he_o hitherto_o of_o countermarche_n by_o file_n 4_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v make_v the_o end_n of_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v two_o in_o aelian_n one_o to_o strengthen_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o to_o strengthen_v the_o wing_n if_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n lie_v most_o in_o the_o midst_n reason_n of_o war_n will_v that_o we_o shall_v oppose_v our_o great_a strength_n against_o the_o midst_n if_o in_o the_o wing_n against_o the_o wing_n there_o be_v a_o other_o cause_n of_o strengthen_v the_o wing_n namely_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a to_o charge_n either_o of_o they_o and_o this_o strength_n aelian_n will_v have_v give_v by_o the_o countermarch_v of_o our_o best_a man_n into_o the_o wing_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v from_o the_o purpose_n to_o make_v all_o plain_a by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o aristide_n herodotus_n report_v that_o before_o the_o battle_n of_o plataea_n betwixt_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o persian_n it_o be_v agree_v betwixt_o the_o athenian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n that_o where_o the_o athenian_n have_v vanquish_v the_o persian_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o marathon_n and_o have_v late_o slay_v masistius_n the_o general_n of_o the_o persian_a horse_n and_o by_o those_o encounter_n have_v good_a experience_n of_o the_o persian_a manner_n of_o fight_n and_o where_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v imbattail_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n against_o the_o persian_n the_o athenian_n in_o the_o left_a wing_n against_o the_o theban_n and_o other_o grecian_n that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o persian_n they_o shall_v change_v and_o the_o athenian_n have_v the_o right_a wing_n the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o left_a these_o news_n be_v carry_v to_o mardonius_n the_o general_n of_o the_o persian_n who_o whither_o fear_v the_o athenian_n or_o desirous_a to_o fight_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n change_v his_o place_n from_o the_o left_a into_o his_o right_a wing_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o oppose_v against_o they_o which_o when_o pausanias_n see_v he_o return_v to_o his_o right_a wing_n and_o mardonius_n to_o his_o left_a the_o place_n which_o he_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n here_o be_v change_v wing_n on_o both_o part_n the_o one_o covet_v to_o fight_v in_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o other_o desirous_a to_o fight_v in_o the_o right_n the_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n from_o the_o right_a wing_n will_v have_v fit_v pausanias_n as_o the_o contrary_n countermarch_v will_v have_v fit_v mardonius_n yet_o be_o i_o lead_v to_o think_v that_o pausanias_n use_v a_o wheel_a of_o his_o battle_n and_o so_o convey_v it_o from_o one_o wing_n to_o a_o other_o behind_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o other_o grecian_n to_o the_o end_n that_o be_v shadow_v by_o they_o he_o may_v the_o better_o hide_v his_o purpose_n from_o mardonius_n an_o other_o example_n i_o find_v in_o livy_n and_o polybius_n both_o it_o be_v this_o b._n publius_n scipio_n who_o be_v afterward_o call_v africanus_n and_o asdrubal_n the_o son_n of_o gisgo_n be_v encamp_v near_o together_o in_o spain_n bring_v daily_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n their_o army_n one_o against_o a_o other_o and_o after_o they_o have_v long_o stand_v wait_v who_o shall_v begin_v the_o fight_n which_o be_v do_v at_o neither_o hand_n they_o convey_v they_o back_o again_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattail_v be_v this_o the_o roman_n and_o likewise_o the_o carthaginian_n mingle_v with_o the_o african_n have_v the_o middle_n their_o confederate_n the_o wing_n the_o opinion_n be_v they_o shall_v fight_v in_o that_o order_n scipio_n when_o he_o perceive_v this_o to_o be_v firm_o believe_v the_o day_n before_o he_o mean_v to_o fight_v make_v a_o alteration_n of_o all_o when_o night_n come_v he_o give_v the_o word_n through_o the_o whole_a camp_n that_o horse_n and_o man_n shall_v dine_v before_o it_o be_v light_a day_n and_o that_o the_o horseman_n in_o arm_n shall_v keep_v their_o horse_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o day_n be_v scarce_o sprunge_v when_o he_o send_v his_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n to_o beat_v in_o the_o carthaginean_a guard_n himself_o straight_o follow_v with_o the_o arm_a legion_n dispose_v the_o roman_n contrary_a to_o the_o settle_a opinion_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o of_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o wing_n and_o receive_v the_o ally_n into_o the_o midst_n asdrubal_n raise_v out_o of_o his_o bed_n with_o the_o cry_n of_o his_o horseman_n have_v no_o soon_o leap_v out_o of_o his_o tent_n and_o see_v the_o tumult_n before_o the_o trench_n of_o his_o camp_n and_o the_o amazednes_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n shine_v a_o far_o of_o and_o the_o field_n full_a of_o enemy_n present_o send_v out_o his_o whole_a power_n of_o horse_n to_o undertake_v the_o roman_a horse_n himself_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n with_o his_o foot_n not_o change_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o wont_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v the_o fight_n of_o the_o horseman_n have_v now_o a_o long_a time_n be_v doubtful_a and_o can_v not_o be_v try_v because_o still_o as_o they_o be_v beat_v which_o
the_o enemy_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o flank_n of_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la chap._n xxxviii_o the_o phalange_n phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n of_o the_o front_n the_o other_o of_o the_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v upon_o amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad-squares_a they_o be_v broad-squares_a that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o these_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o division_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n thirty-nine_o the_o phalange_n phalange_n antistomus_n be_v like_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o form_n be_v a_o little_a alter_v so_o that_o it_o accustome_v the_o soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o incursion_n of_o horse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o former_a phalange_n both_o for_o foot_n and_o horse_n agree_v with_o this_o figure_n also_o herein_o they_o differ_v that_o cap._n 37._o a_o four_o front_a phalange_n against_o all_o allempte_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n the_o front_n of_o the_o march_n the_o front_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n cap._n 38._o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la cap_n 39_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n front_n cap._n 40._o the_o horsmans_n wedge_n front_v a_o diphalange_n antistomus_n the_o amphistomus_fw-la receive_v the_o charge_n in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o antistomus_n in_o flank_n but_o aswell_o in_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o they_o fight_v with_o long_a pike_n as_o do_v the_o alan_o and_o sauromatans_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o file_n turn_v their_o face_n forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o this_o form_n have_v two_o front_n the_o one_o before_o where_o the_o fileleader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o back-commander_n stand_v and_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o a_o diphalange_n it_o make_v the_o forefront_n with_o the_o one_o and_o the_o after-front_n with_o the_o other_o phalange_n of_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xl._o a_o diphalange_n antistomus_n be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n place_v not_o in_o deduction_n outward_o but_o inward_o face_n to_o face_n one_o against-an_a other_o and_o the_o reare-commander_n without_o one_o half_a in_o a_o right_n the_o other_o in_o a_o left-hand_a deduction_n this_o form_n be_v use_v when_o the_o horse_n give_v on_o and_o charge_v wedge-wise_a for_o the_o *_o wedge_n shoot_v forth_o into_o a_o point_n and_o have_v the_o commander_n follow_v in_o flank_n and_o endeavour_v to_o dissever_v and_o break_v the_o front_n of_o the_o foot_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o foot_n foresee_v their_o purpose_n place_n themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n with_o intent_n either_o to_o repulse_v they_o or_o else_o to_o give_v they_o a_o thorough_a passage_n without_o loss_n for_o the_o wedge_n fly_v upon_o the_o foot_n in_o hope_n to_o charge_v the_o multitude_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o to_o disorder_v the_o whole_a battle_n and_o the_o foot_n commander_n conceive_v well_o the_o fury_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o form_n 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that_o which_o have_v the_o depth_n double_a to_o the_o
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so_o the_o rest_n we_o give_v fire_n by_o the_o flank_n thus_o the_o uppermost_a file_n next_o the_o enemy_n must_v be_v flank_n command_v to_o make_v ready_a keep_v still_o along_o with_o the_o body_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v ready_a and_o then_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n according_a to_o the_o sight_n of_o their_o enemy_n either_o upon_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n and_o give_v fire_n altogether_o when_o they_o have_v discharge_v they_o stir_v not_o but_o keep_v their_o ground_n and_o charge_v their_o piece_n again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o stand_v now_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o foresay_a file_n do_v turn_v to_o give_v fire_n the_o uttermost_a next_z it_o make_v ready_a always_o keep_v along_o with_o the_o troop_n till_o the_o bringer-up_a be_v past_o a_o little_a beyond_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n that_o give_v fire_n last_o and_o then_o the_o whole_a file_n must_v turn_v and_o give_v fire_n and_o do_v in_o all_o point_n as_o the_o first_o do_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o the_o other_o a_o sergeant_n or_o if_o the_o troop_n be_v great_a some_o other_o better_a qualify_a officer_n must_v stand_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o assoon_o as_o the_o second_o file_n have_v give_v fire_n and_o have_v charge_v he_o be_v to_o lead_v forward_o the_o first_o file_n up_o to_o the_o second_o file_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o another_o till_o he_o have_v gather_v up_o again_o the_o whole_a wing_n and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o join_v they_o again_o in_o equal_a front_n with_o the_o pike_n last_o of_o all_o the_o troop_n or_o whole_a wing_n of_o musquettier_n make_v ready_a altogether_o front_n and_o
5_o 7_o 1_o 3_o 4_o 2_o 8_o 6_o 4_o 2_o 23_o 23_o the_o merarch_n alone_o 5_o 7_o 1_o 3_o 4_o 2_o 8_o 6_o 18_o 18_o 18_o caesar_n dâ—_n bell_n gall_n lib._n 2_o 2_o plutarch_n in_o philopoemene_n philopoemene_n dâ—dor_fw-la sâ—c_fw-la lib_n 16_o 51â—_n 51â—_n polâ—b_a lib_n 12_o 664_o c._n leo_n cap_n 17._o §_o 61._o 61._o pol_n â—_o lib._n 17_o 764_o a._n a._n leo_fw-la cap_n 7._o §._o 54._o 54._o xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 7._o 178._o a._n it_o be_v call_v by_o thucydides_n synciifis_n thucyd_n lib._n 5._o 393._o b._n b._n appian_n in_o parthicis_fw-la 144._o a._n 164._o d._n c._n c._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 575._o 575._o synaspisantes_n synaspisantes_n polyb._n lib._n 17._o 764._o a._n a._n aelian_n c._n 14._o 14._o see_v polyb._n lib._n 12._o 664._o c._n leo_n cap._n 17._o §_o 91._o 91._o suidas_n in_o plâ—thro_n plâ—thro_n suidas_n ibid._n &_o leo_n cap._n 17._o §_o 89._o 89._o xenophon_n de_fw-fr rep_n lace_a 686._o a._n a._n plutarch_n in_o crasso_fw-la crasso_fw-la xenoph._n in_o agesilao_n 659._o b._n b._n leo_fw-la cap._n 6._o §_o 38._o 38._o jul._n pollux_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 4._o §_o 32._o call_v it_o a_o span_n span_n patricius_n parel_n part_n secun_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 8._o 8._o polyen_n lib._n 2_o in_o cleonym_n §_o 2._o 2._o appian_n in_o syriacis_n 97._o e._n e._n polyb._n lib._n 17._o 763._o e._n e._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 16._o 510._o 510._o 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z plutarch_n in_o aemilio_n aemilio_n polyb._n lib._n 17._o 764._o a._n a._n livy_n decad._n 5._o lib._n 573._o c._n c._n livy_n decad_a 4._o lib._n 1._o 18._o 18._o livy_n decad_a 4._o lib._n 2._o 30._o c._n plutarch_n in_o 〈◊〉_d appian_n in_o syrâ—cis_n 109._o b._n see_v leo_n cap._n 5._o §._o 3._o &_o cap._n 6._o â—_o 3â—_n 3â—_n poâ—yen_n lib_n 2_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2._o 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dc_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 4_o 〈◊〉_d â—_o â—_o 〈◊〉_d l._n 17_o 704._o a._n a._n polyb._n 17._o 764._o a._n f_o lâ—o_n â—ap_n 6._o â—_o 39_o 39_o polâ—b_n l._n 17._o 〈◊〉_d a._n a._n 〈◊〉_d polluâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 4_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §_o â—_o â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diâ—noso_fw-it â—_o lib_n 5._o â—04_n a._n a._n polyb._n l._n 17._o 764._o d_o d_o leo_fw-la cap._n 14._o §_o 69._o 69._o 〈◊〉_d â—ap_n 20._o 20._o xenoph._n the_o expâ—d_a 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o 270._o d_o d_o xenoph_n de_fw-fr exp_v lib._n 4._o 322_o d_o d_o arrian_n lib._n â—_o 9_o c._n c._n arrian_n lib._n 2._o 55._o 55._o arrian_n lib._n 1._o 23_o b._n b._n polyb._n lib._n 1._o 47._o b._n b._n arrian_n lib._n 9â—_n c._n 〈◊〉_d cap._n 3â—_n 3â—_n xenoph._n cyroâ—_n lib._n 7._o 188._o c._n c._n leo_fw-la cap._n 14._o §_o 105._o 105._o arrian_n lib._n lib._n leo_fw-la cap._n 14._o §_o â—04_n 〈◊〉_d decad_a 5._o lâ—b_n 2_o 39_o b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4._o lâ—b_n 8._o â—61_n b._n e_o xenoph_n hist._n graec._n lib_n 4._o 513._o d._n d._n xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 7._o 178._o 178._o appian_n in_o 〈◊〉_d 109._o â—_o 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z plut_z in_o ant._n ant._n lâ—u_n decad_a 4._o lib._n 1._o 26._o a._n b._n b._n 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 2._o 39_o e._n e._n lâ—u_fw-mi decad_v 4._o lib._n 1._o 16._o b._n b._n arrian_n lib._n 1._o 7._o d._n d._n arrian_n lib._n 2._o 31._o e._n e._n arrian_n lib._n 2._o 31._o f._n f._n arrian_n l._n 3._o 64_o e._n e._n arrian_n lib._n 3._o 65._o d._n d._n arrian_n lib._n 4._o 99_o 99_o polyen_n lib._n 3._o in_o iphicrate_n §_o 2._o h_o xenoph._n de_fw-fr exp_v cyr._n lib._n 1._o 265._o b._n lib._n 7._o 416._o a._n b._n b._n pâ—n_o natural_a histor_n lib._n 7._o cap_n 56._o 56._o diod._n sicul._n lib._n 16._o 512._o pol._n lib._n 3._o 266_o a._n b._n b._n hirtius_n de_fw-fr bell_n afâ—ican_n xenoph._n de_fw-fr exp_v cyr._n lib_n 3._o 309._o â—_o plut_z in_o anton._n appian_n in_o par._n 164._o 164._o xenoph_n the_o exped_a cyr._n lib._n 3._o 302._o b._n c._n c._n diod_n sicul._n lib._n 4._o 189._o 189._o xenoph._n hist._n graec._n lib._n 7._o 644._o d._n d._n iust._n lib._n 7._o 633._o c._n c._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 573._o &_o 594._o plutarch_n in_o alexand._n alexand._n plut._n in_o pyrth_n pyrth_n plutarch_n in_o agesilao_n xenoph._n hâ—st_n graec_fw-la lib_n 4._o 518_o a._n b_o euclyd_n lib._n 1._o definit_a 31._o 31._o polyb._n lib._n 4._o 278._o b._n c._n c._n diodor._fw-la sic_fw-la lib._n 16._o 510._o 510._o xenoph._n hist._n graea_n lib._n â—_o 646_o b._n b._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 15_o pag_n 502._o 502._o xenoph._n hâ—st_n graec_fw-la lib._n 3._o 498._o d._n d._n plutarch_n in_o lycurgo_n lycurgo_n leo_fw-la cap._n 12._o 9_o 40._o 40._o leo_fw-la cap._n 14._o §._o 108._o 109._o 109._o leo_fw-la cap_n 7._o §_o 81._o &_o cap._n 14._o §_o 70._o 70._o after_o cap._n 46._o 46._o polyen_n lib._n 4._o 217._o â—21_n â—21_n polyb._n lib._n 12._o 663._o a._n a._n leo_fw-la cap._n 17._o §._o 89._o 89._o cap._n 18._o 18._o liv._o decad_a 4._o lib._n 7._o 142._o b._n d_o liu._n decad_n 4._o lib._n 7._o 141._o polyâ—_n lib._n 5._o 425._o c._n d._n d._n polyb._n lib._n 1._o 39_o b._n b._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 17._o polyb._n lib._n 5._o 421._o 421._o plutarch_n in_o alexand._n alexand._n polyen_n lib._n 4._o in_o alexand._n §_o 17._o 17._o polyb_a lib._n 11._o 634._o 634._o plut._n in_o pyrrh_n pyrrh_n polyen_n lib._n in_o agesilao_n agesilao_n xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 7._o 189_o d._n d._n latus_fw-la apeâ—un_fw-la apeâ—un_fw-la plut._n in_o pyrrh_n pyrrh_n pausan._n in_o articis_fw-la 43._o 43._o pausan._n in_o corinth_n 89._o 89._o pausan._n in_o corinth_n 87._o 87._o diod._n sicul._n lib._n 15._o 473._o b_o polyen_n lib._n â—_o in_o agesilao_n agesilao_n aemil._n prob._n in_o chabria_n 105._o see_v leo_n cap._n 7._o §_o 83._o 84._o see_v leo_n cap._n 12._o §_o 95._o 95._o xenoph._n hist._n graec_fw-la lib._n 4._o 519._o c._n xenoph._n hist._n graec_fw-la lib._n 6._o 605._o d._n d._n xenoph._n de_fw-fr rep_n lacedem_fw-la 686._o e._n see_v leo_n cap._n 18._o §._o 39_o 39_o herodot_n in_o calliopâ—_n 248._o &_o plutarch_n in_o aristide_n aristide_n liv._o decad_a 3._o lib._n 8._o 204._o b._n polyb._n lib._n 11._o 640._o b._n b._n suidas_n in_o the_o word_n dipâ—asiasai_n dipâ—asiasai_n suidas_n in_o the_o word_n dipâ—asiasai_n dipâ—asiasai_n polyen_n lib_n 2._o in_o cleandrida_fw-es §_o 4._o 4._o see_v leo_n cap._n 7._o §._o 69._o &_o 79._o 79._o xenoph_n cyrop_n lib._n 6._o 168._o b._n b._n leo_fw-la cap._n 14_o §._o 103._o 103._o leo_fw-la cap._n 7._o 69._o 69._o polyâ—n_o lâ—b_v 4._o in_o 〈◊〉_d â—_o 19_o â—_o poâ—yb_n l._n b_o 1._o 1._o appian_n in_o syriacis_n â—07_n b._n b._n hollow_a wedge_n wedge_n double_a phalange_n phalange_n treble_a phalange_n phalange_n double_o front_a phalange_n phalange_n horseman_n that_o use_v two_o horse_n one_o spare_a the_o other_o be_v vidden_v upon_o upon_o doulbe_n flank_v phalange_n phalange_n a_o hâ—rse_n hâ—rse_n the_o hollow_a front_a battle_n battle_n the_o convexebattaile_n convexebattaile_n fouresquare_a fouresquare_a wedge_n wedge_n before_o cap._n 11_o 11_o before_o cap._n 25._o 25._o before_o cap._n 25._o 25._o before_o cap._n 25._o 25._o before_o cap._n 29._o 29._o before_o cap._n 29._o 29._o before_o cap._n 28._o 28._o before_o cap._n 28._o 28._o before_o cap._n 28._o 28._o before_o cap._n 26._o 26._o before_o cap._n 26._o the_o enemy_n before_o the_o vanguard_n advance_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o enemy_n in_o flank_n the_o enemy_n in_o front_n without_o advance_v