Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	flank_n	front_n	rear_n	1,327	5	12.0997	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B03201	The exercise of the foot with the evolutions, according to the words of command, as they are explained : as also the forming of battalions, with directions to be observed by all colonels, captains and other officers in His Majesties armies. Likewise, the exercise of the dragoons both on horse-back and foot. With the rules of war in the day of battel, when encountering the enemy, ordered by Sir Thomas Livingston, Major General, and commander in chief of their Majesties forces in Scotland. Recommended to all (officers as well as souldiers) in their Majesties armies.	England and Wales. Army.; Teviot, Thomas Livingston, Viscount, 1652?-1711. Exercise of dragoons both on horse-back and foot.; Mackay, Hugh, 1640?-1692. Rules of war for the infantry, ordered to be observed by their Majesties subjects encountring with the enemy upon the day of battel.	1693 (1693)	Wing E3863A; ESTC R232864	57,720	178

any Article of Warr can reach the Officer Commanding the Troop or Company is not to punish it himself nor smooth it over as many time is done Reasons why there are so great Disorders and so little Discipline amongst the Regiments But he is to Advertise his Collonel at Commander in Chief of it If any Officer be found to neglect this hereafter he is to be pursued and punished by a Counsel of Wart as if he had commited the Crime himself Magazins are to be erected to which Officers must give all the Assistance they can and make it as easie to the Commissaries as possible may be And take particular care that no Disorders be committed thereabout The Regiments being once compleat in all their Armes and Mounting the Captains must answer to keep it so Which if neglected the Major is hereby Ordered and Impowered to supply the Wants and stoop it out of the Captains pay For which end he is every two Months to go with the Muster-Master and revieu every particular If any Souldier goes off the Troops or Companys that hath particularly payd for his Arms he is to be repayed again and the Arms alwayes to remain nompleat in 〈◊〉 Troops or Companys No Officer or Souldier on a March is to leave his Regiment Troop or Company without particular leave upon his highest peril which should not without great Reason be granted Officers are to take more Notice of Souldiers Qu●●●●●ling as heretofore they have done being the Article 〈◊〉 War do reasonably mention the punishment due to 〈◊〉 FINIS Rules of War FOR THE INFANTRY Ordered to be Observed by Their MAJESTIES Subjects Encountring with the Enemy upon the Day of BATTEL WRITTEN By Lieutenant General MACKAY And Recommended to All as well Officers as Soldiers of the Scots and English Army In XXIII ARTICLES Published by his Excellencies Secretary Licenced EDM BOHUN EDINBVRGH Re Printed by John Reid to be sold at his house in Bells-Wynd 1693. MACKAYS RULES To be Observed by the Body of INFANTRY Of Their MAJESTIES Subjects Encountering with the Enemy in the day of BATTEL In Twenty three ARTICLES First THE Battalion ordinarly marching and forming six deep being come upon the Field of Battel shall put three Files of Pikes to cover the Flanks upon each Wing and then by the Rear half Files double their Front to the Left that the Corporals may fall to be the Right hand Man of their respective Companies II. To the End this motion may be made speedily without the encroaching upon the just Intervals which are ordinarly left betwixt the Battalions of the same Line the Commanders and Majors shall have a care when the Army is forming upon the field of Battel to make their Men in marching to their ground open their Files to the due distance for doubling their Ranks 〈◊〉 out further motion whereto they ou●●● to be often accustomed-in Exercise oth●● wayes that they may be the more capa●●● to perform it when there is occasion for●● III. If the Colonel be present the Lie●● tenant Colonel's post is in the Rear of th● Battalion in the center of the Pikes w●●● two Ensigns and two Serjeants with Orde● given in the hearing of all the Regime●● To Kill without Mercy any that sh●● offer to break their Ranks by falling 〈◊〉 from the Battalion But if there be no 〈◊〉 lonel by the Regiment the Rear is the 〈◊〉 of the Eldest Captain assisted by the for●●● number of Officers who beside the k●●●ing it up in advancing upon the Enemy 〈◊〉 charged with care to lead it off in the 〈◊〉 Order they can in case of a Retreat IV. The Officers of the Battalion 〈◊〉 be posted as near as may be upon the 〈◊〉 of their own Men supposing them to ha●● the most influence upon and more kn●●ledge of them than others so that in 〈◊〉 of Disorder they may call by name 〈◊〉 as they suppose to be the Men of most 〈◊〉 pour and Resolution V. To avoid confusion and noise t●● general motions of a Battalion in time Battel As Advancing Halting and Returning ought to be intimated by beat of Drum and all Officers and Souldiers upon Exercise and upon Action ought to be carefully Advertised to be Silent Attentive and Read to Obey what is commanded either by Drum or Verbal Expression VI. If the Regiment be compleat every company may make a Plotton which makes six Plottons upon each Wing but if considerably weakned a Wing may be divided into four Plottons which ought to be the least number to give time to charge again and be ready by that time the Fire is round that the Battalion if there be occasion may entertain a continual Fire VII The Officers commanding Plottons shall place themselves each in the center of his Plotton that when the Battalion advances they may march in a Rank two Paces before the Front of their Men. But when the signal or Command to Halt and make ready is given they shall enter the first Rank of the Plottons so that the Muzzels of the last rank may be advanced beyond their Bodies VIII To prevent disorders its fit the whole Battalion in advancing towards the Enemy halt when some Plottons are ordered to fire rather than to command the Plattons out of the Battalion which is the most usual visible reason of the Defeat of the Troops And therefore above all things ought to be avoided with all possible car● marching to an Enemy who understand his Trade and will not fail to lay hold on the confusions which those who come against him do offer IX When the Battalion is ordered to Halt that some Plattons may fire according as to the judgement of the Commander they stand best for Execution The first Rank of the Plotton which are to fire kneek and the other two Ranks which are supposed best in the disposition made for fighting to be at two paces distance closes as at the Wood the first Rank kneels without particular command to them for so doing to the thrusting of their left feet amongst those of their Leaders that the muzzels of the last Rank may be advanced beyond their Officers and standing upright shall wait the command for fireing the●● being no necessity for the second Rank stooping which is an uneasie posture and by the conclusion of some Souldiers judgement may endanger the kneeling Rank X. As soon as the Plotton shall have fire the second and third Rank opens withou furder command to them for so doing to their paces distance that they might have room to charge their Pikes immediatly without expecting order for it whether moving to the Enemy Halting or Retiring of which particulars a continual habit must be given to the Souldiers So that there be no necessity of a particular word of Command the first rank kneels the other two closes up levelling well their Pieces and taking Aim by bringing up the butt-end of them nearer their Shoulders than of late times is usual in Exercise of not presenting their

Pieces though kneeling and closed up without a command of their Officers no more than of firing tho already presented without his Orders because that if the battalion be attacqued by horse and the Commander to avoid confusion chosing rather to keep his fire whole till they be very close and then to fire by Plottons upon a mint of the enemies squadron as break in upon his Battalion think fit to cause it present without design of firing at that distance sometimes makes the first rank of the squadron not only to stoop short but fall in confusion upon those that follow but to bring the Souldiers to a custom of this last particular they must in Exercise be often accustomed commanded to present recover again their Arms without firing telling them at the same time the reason for i● particularly at the same time of Action and against Horse The Commander judging it safest to manage his first fire least their quick motion might prevent the second XI If the commanding Officer of a plotton be not altogether perswaded of his souldiers Patience and exact Obedience as to the order of firing to prevent a confused fire he shall march softly according to the motions of the line with shouldred Musquers permitting none to make ready but such plottons as he intends immediatly shall fire XII When a whole Line of Foot matches in order of Battel to the Enemy the Commanders of the respective Battalions shall have a special care to regulate their pace according to the motions of the Line it being apparent that when both Armies are very near the Battalion that advances beyond the Front of his line will readily be flanked and by its defeat give the Enemy opportunity to flank the Battalion to the right and left at the same time they are attack'd in the Front which may prove a dangerous Consequence this precaution is necessary at all times but most of all in close and covered grounds when the Troops are hindered and separated the sight of each other in which case they ought to have some Officer or good Serjeants on both the Flanks to bring the Commander continual notice of the Motion of the Troops to his right and left that he may be found neither too backward nor too forward at the approach of the Enemy XIII All Officers particulary commanders and Majors marching in the Line of Battel to the Enemy ought to know the order in which the Troops are Embattelled at least of their own Brigade and of that which they were to sustain or is appointed to sustain them according as they are Posted in the first or second line and know by special remarks to discern their own Troops from those of the Enemys To the End that in the confusions to which those genetal Actions are subject that they may not take the one before the other which is also most of all to be apprehended and prevented in close and covered ground where the troops are separated and it often falls out that Men are deceived on this Account XIV In cace a Battalion might be ordered or otherwise obliged to retire without being put in confusion or Beat after warning given not to be affrighted and telling them the reason of such a motion whether to make place for Troops of the Second Line coming to relieve it or being disadvantageously posted or press with number of Enemies to post it self behind in better ground or that a whole Brigade or Line whose motion the Battalion were obliged to observe were Retiring the Commander and Officer commanding plottons shall have a care it ●he done in such an order that the Enemy brake not in upon them in their Retreat being always ready at the command or signal giv●● Halt Face about and fire upon the Enemy observing that in this motion continues in way slowly except the Brigade or Line should happen to halt only the plottons which are ordered to fire shall halt face about and having made their fire shall gain their Intervals which they shall have lost in the Battalions charging their Pieces as they march and so of the rest of the Plottons as the Commanders shall see occasion XV. The Colonels or the Commander of the Regiments Post being the Head of the Pikes beside a Captain to assist him he ought to have two resolute Serjeants Men of service by him to carry his Orders to the right and left either for firing such Plottons as he shall judge of best service according as they stand to the Enemy whether advancing or retiring or any Orders or Advertisements which for present service he might have to impart to his Officers XVI The Front of a Battalion on such occasions being an ill Post for Men on horse back as Majors and Aid-Majors whose post is the Flanks to observe how the Battalion marches and upon occasion of Disorder or Confusion to keep up and rally such as break off or are sent with the Advertisement of the state of Affairs or for new Orders relating thereto to the Brigadier or next general Person XVII That such Regiments as are provided of good Bayonets fixt without the muzzels of their Pieces may in aproaching to the due distance of firing cause the first rank of the whole Battalion to fix their Bayonets and continuing their march till they be close upon the Enemy make the first rank kneel with the points of their Bay●he● upon the Ground and the other two Rank closed up fire over their heads upon the Enemy who supposing readily all the fire spe●● if he happen to stand it will come up the bolder upon your Battalion who receiving him with the first Rank second with the pu●● of pike and Bayonet will readily break him whether horse or Foot XVIII If by a Resolute Continuan● and close fire the Battalion happen to brea● the opposite Enemy the Officers must have a special care their men do not break af●● them but content themselves to make th●● Granadeers fire amongst them to augm●● their Terrour and Confusion that they may receive in good order such of the Enemy as shall come up to sustain those which you ought to have Routed This Article● the more carefully to be observed that in the advancing of the Line you are subject to be flanked by the Enemies Horse posted betwixt the Lines for that purpose XIX The Granadeers shall be well posted into two plottons upon the Right and 〈◊〉 Wing without the pikes which cover the Flanks of the Battalion and two fire locks of each Compay a Rank before the pikes to be employed as the Colonel or commanding Officer shall see occasion at the near approach of the Enemy Beside which it may be judged useful that the commanding Officer of each plotton keep off his best Fire-Men for a second who shall not fire with this plotton XX. To make these Granadeers upon the Wings and the Fire-locks before the Pikes be the more effectual against the Enemy I am of the Opinion since it s always found that unexpected Stratagems of Wars do surprise and contribute much to the defeat of those that are surprized therewith that the Plottons of the Granadeers upon the Wings ought rather to march behind than to cover the Flanks till you be close upon the Enemy that he cannot have time to make the like Disposition against you which if he did see them so posted at a Distance for the same Reason I would have the fire-locks rather posted betwixt the first and second rank of the Pikes then before the first till you be very near XXI The Battalions which may happen to be put in disorder by the Enemy shall retire to the intervals of the second line the Officer labouring to keep off the Enemy by forming in the Rear some plottons of the resolutest men to fire upon till relief came up and then with all possible diligence see to get their Ten in order and ready to second their seconds XXII When the Army is embattelled and the Troops ready to march towards the Enemy all Commanders Majors Officers commanding Plottons ought to affect a chearfull Countenance speaking friendly to and encouraging the Soldiers in the most touching Expressions and by the most persuading Arguments as Religion Liberty and Personal Honour and Safety humbly depending upon their good Behaviour the Justice of the Cause the Obligation of our Conscience to serve our Master faithfully the Reputation of our Countrey alledging the good Examples of our Predeceslours and the like which out of the Mouths of Officers shewing good Examples of their own Persons particularly it Just to and Beloved of their Souldiers will be good effect to Animate them to the Work LASTLY When all Dispositions are made and the Army waiting for the signa● to move towards the Enemy both Officers and Souldiers ought seriously to recommend together with their Souls and Bodys the care and protection of the cause for which they so freely expose their Lives to GOD Who over-ruleth the Deliberations and Councils Designs and Enterprises of his Creatures and of whose blessing alone the success of all Undertakings doth depend which they may do in these or the like words A PRAYER O Almighty KING of Kings and LORD of Hosts which by thy Angels thereunto appointed dost Minister both War and Peace Thou rulest and commandest all things and sittest in the Throne judging right And therefore we make our addresses to Thy Divine MAJESTY in this our necessity that Thou wouldest take us and our Cause into Thine Own Hand and judge between us and Our Enemies stir up Thy Strength O LORD and come and help us for Thou givest not alwayes the Battel to the Strong but canst save by Many or by Few O let not our sins now cry against us for Vengeance but hear us Thy poor servants begging mercy and imploring Thy help and that Thou wouldest be a Defenes for us against the Enemy Make it appear that Thou art our Saviour and Mighty Deliverer Through JESVS CHRIST Our LORD Amen