how_o to_o do_v it_o first_o say_v he_o let_v the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n be_v marshal_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o your_o second_o second_o enemy_n then_o say_v he_o let_v your_o front_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o your_o flank_n stand_v still_o shall_v environ_v your_o enemy_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o machiavelli_n think_v this_o a_o squint_a device_n but_o it_o be_v a_o fancy_n only_o beseem_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n if_o he_o have_v say_v let_v your_o battle_n stand_v and_o your_o wing_n extend_v themselves_o he_o have_v speak_v some_o sense_n but_o a_o front_n to_o retire_v be_v a_o improper_a speech_n and_o unintelligible_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n for_o in_o strict_a and_o proper_a language_n a_o front_n and_o a_o rear_n consist_v but_o each_o of_o they_o of_o one_o rank_n whether_o that_o be_v of_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o ten_o thousand_o or_o twenry_n thousand_o man_n or_o horse_n so_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o be_v the_o front_n can_v retire_v further_a than_o six_o or_o three_o foot_n allow_v to_o be_v between_o it_o and_o the_o second_o rank_n unless_o all_o the_o rank_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a batallion_n retire_v i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o rank_n to_o be_v the_o front_n and_o the_o other_o half_a the_o rear_n as_o in_o our_o foot_n batallion_n which_o be_v six_o deep_a the_o three_o first_o rank_n make_v the_o front_n the_o other_o three_o the_o rear_n but_o this_o as_o i_o think_v be_v not_o proper_a language_n neither_o will_v it_o help_v machiavelli_n for_o his_o front_n of_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n can_v retire_v till_o the_o three_o last_o rank_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o retire_v first_o beside_o all_o this_o i_o doubt_v if_o in_o machiavel_n time_n captain_n may_v well_o hazard_v more_o three_o three_o than_o now_o to_o command_v a_o batallion_n of_o man_n to_o retire_v for_o fear_v they_o can_v not_o get_v they_o to_o advance_v again_o at_o least_o not_o so_o ready_o justus_n lipsius_n have_v reason_n to_o accuse_v machiavelli_n of_o gross_a ignorance_n for_o deny_v the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o militia_n to_o be_v a_o art_n and_o certain_o his_o conceit_n to_o do_v so_o four_o four_o be_v very_o extravagant_a â—esides_v he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o call_v his_o treatise_n of_o war_n i_o set_v libri_fw-la del'arte_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_fw-mi di_fw-it nicolo_n machiavelli_n seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o nicol_n machiavelli_n indeed_o soldier_n be_v very_o little_o bind_v to_o he_o for_o he_o say_v neither_o prince_n nor_o state_n shall_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o they_o nor_o do_v say_v he_o any_o virtuous_a or_o good_a man_n use_v it_o as_o a_o art_n and_o add_v that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a for_o they_o must_v say_v this_o doctor_n either_o obstruct_v all_o peace_n that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v maintain_v or_o they_o must_v pill_v plunder_v and_o make_v spoil_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v all_o true_a these_o be_v his_o goodly_a argument_n which_o be_v but_o his_o own_o idle_a dream_n for_o it_o be_v observation_n five_o observation_n no_o difficil_n matter_n to_o keep_v man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o duty_n even_o when_o they_o but_o seldom_o receive_v their_o wage_n and_o this_o in_o this_o age_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o can_v many_o instance_n be_v give_v where_o man_n of_o war_n obstruct_v that_o peace_n which_o their_o master_n desire_v or_o which_o both_o party_n be_v content_v to_o make_v and_o if_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o disband_v of_o army_n any_o exorbitancy_n chance_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o soldier_n as_o seldom_o any_o such_o thing_n fall_v out_o they_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o too_o great_a a_o defalcation_n of_o their_o pay_n with_o the_o half_a or_o moiety_n whereof_o all_o modern_a soldier_n will_v be_v hearty_o well_o content_v so_o perfect_o have_v they_o learn_v the_o baptist_n lesson_n in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o cry_v up_o the_o lowliness_n of_o spirit_n of_o those_o great_a statesman_n who_o be_v please_v to_o descend_v from_o their_o high_a corollary_n corollary_n sphere_n to_o learn_v their_o politic_n from_o machiavelli_n or_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o those_o captain_n who_o disdain_v to_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o to_o receive_v their_o lesson_n of_o the_o military_a art_n from_o the_o town_n clerk_n of_o florence_n i_o suppose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v in_o some_o place_n to_o set_v down_o wherein_o the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o all_o or_o do_v what_o the_o author_n promise_v to_o do_v most_o of_o the_o several_a point_n or_o part_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a country_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a time_n and_o when_o i_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v spare_o and_o with_o submission_n neither_o shall_v i_o decline_v to_o go_v as_o far_o back_o in_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o war_n in_o former_a time_n as_o i_o have_v either_o probable_a ground_n for_o conjecture_n or_o any_o glimpse_n of_o light_a to_o conduct_v i_o since_o i_o write_v this_o chapter_n i_o have_v see_v some_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v soldier_n themselves_o have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a french_a art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n as_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr valiere_n mounseur_fw-fr lovis_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saya_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v army_n be_v proper_o the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o war_n and_o man_n be_v the_o sinew_n of_o army_n the_o best_a choice_n election_n or_o levy_v of_o man_n be_v of_o levy_n voluntary_a levy_n the_o subject_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o war_n where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o man_n â—it_a for_o service_n to_o enroll_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o levy_n alter_v its_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o war_n for_o if_o that_o be_v a_o defensive_a one_o the_o levy_n be_v voluntary_a for_o ordinary_o man_n rise_v willing_o in_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n life_n wife_n and_o child_n but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v a_o offensive_a one_o intend_v to_o invade_v a_o stranger_n and_o such_o as_o lead_v native_n from_o their_o country_n and_o home_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o foreign_a land_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o voluntary_a and_o very_o oft_o get_v the_o name_n of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o levy_n most_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o press_n press_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o choose_v most_o of_o their_o cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o gentleman_n or_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o the_o infantry_n out_z of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o substance_n of_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o vanish_v and_o we_o have_v scarce_o the_o shadow_n of_o it_o leave_v with_o we_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nation_n the_o german_a prince_n and_o imperial_a town_n by_o the_o old_a constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v a_o election_n or_o levy_n of_o their_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o law_n sometime_o the_o ten_o sometime_o the_o six_o or_o five_o man_n or_o according_a to_o their_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o war_n both_o since_o germany_n manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a levy_n in_o germany_n the_o turk_n become_v their_o unwelcome_a neighbour_n and_o before_o he_o have_v foot_v in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximilian_n the_o second_o all_o that_o be_v enrol_v in_o the_o german_a cavalry_n be_v by_o birth_n gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a they_o bring_v some_o of_o they_o one_o some_o two_o and_o some_o three_o with_o they_o who_o wait_v on_o they_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v for_o who_o they_o receive_v wage_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o article_n of_o war_n but_o these_o be_v call_v in_o their_o language_n einspanneer_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o master_n who_o
hinder_v either_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o appoint_v the_o depth_n of_o their_o batallion_n to_o be_v twelve_o ten_o eight_o or_o six_o deep_a as_o they_o think_v fit_a though_o by_o some_o of_o they_o the_o body_n can_v be_v subdivide_v till_o they_o come_v to_o one_o file_n or_o one_o rank_n for_o it_o be_v never_o see_v nor_o do_v i_o fancy_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o such_o a_o emergency_n of_o war_n will_v fall_v out_o that_o can_v move_v a_o general_n unless_o he_o be_v to_o file_v his_o army_n along_o a_o very_a narrow_a bridge_n or_o a_o very_a narrow_a way_n to_o marshal_v all_o his_o foot_n either_o in_o one_o rank_n or_o one_o file_n so_o i_o conceive_v the_o first_o reason_n be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o a_o second_o reason_n be_v in_o time_n of_o action_n a_o enemy_n may_v charge_v the_o deep_a second_o reason_n for_o 16_o deep_a rear_n to_o rencontre_v who_o the_o dimaritâ—_n or_o middle-man_n be_v command_v with_o the_o half-file_n that_o follow_v they_o to_o face_n about_o but_o without_o countermarch_n and_o sustain_v the_o charge_n by_o the_o way_n observe_v that_o in_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o bringer_n up_o or_o rear-man_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o half-file_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o dimarite_n or_o middle-man_n himself_o to_o who_o aelian_a give_v it_o before_o but_o to_o the_o reason_n itself_o i_o give_v two_o answer_n first_o a_o reserve_v which_o aelian_o phalange_n admit_v not_o will_v prevent_v that_o danger_n second_o i_o say_v if_o they_o be_v but_o twelve_o in_o file_n nay_o but_o ten_o in_o file_n they_o may_v withstand_v answer_v answer_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o both_o van_n and_o rear_n as_o well_o as_o be_v sixteen_o deep_a which_o i_o make_v appear_v out_o of_o aelian_a himself_n thus_o the_o grecian_a pike_n be_v all_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o except_o the_o macedonian_n which_o be_v twenty_o one_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o long_a next_o aelian_a allow_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o distance_n between_o rank_n when_o they_o fight_v which_o distance_n he_o or_o his_o interpreter_n call_v constipatio_fw-la three_o the_o same_o author_n allow_v three_o foot_n of_o the_o pike_n length_n for_o his_o hand_n who_o present_v it_o these_o ground_n be_v lay_v which_o be_v the_o author_n own_o i_o say_v that_o only_o four_o rank_n of_o the_o grecian_a pike_n and_o five_o of_o the_o macedonian_a can_v do_v a_o enemy_n any_o hurt_n and_o but_o hardly_o so_o either_o because_o between_o five_o rank_n there_o be_v four_o distance_n and_o for_o those_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v six_o foot_n at_o aelian_o account_n of_o close_a distance_n next_o you_o be_v by_o his_o rule_n likewise_o to_o allow_v fifteen_o foot_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n to_o be_v abate_v from_o their_o length_n which_o fifteen_o be_v add_v to_o six_o make_v one_o and_o twenty_o for_o three_o foot_n of_o the_o pike_n length_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v allow_v for_o their_o hand_n who_o hold_v they_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n grant_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o the_o macedonian_a sarissa_n do_v not_o much_o advance_v its_o point_n from_o the_o five_o rank_n beyond_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o therefore_o the_o rest_n behind_o these_o five_o rank_n seem_v useless_a but_o a_o enemy_n attack_n the_o rear_n to_o oppose_v who_o let_v five_o rank_n face_n about_o and_o present_a for_o if_o five_o be_v sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o shock_n in_o the_o van_n certain_o five_a may_v do_v the_o same_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v it_o well_o you_o will_v think_v the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o five_o rank_n sufficient_a to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n if_o all_o the_o file_n be_v fer_v together_o as_o the_o grecian_n be_v and_o as_o all_o shall_v be_v that_o no_o interval_n be_v give_v a_o enemy_n to_o enter_v between_o they_o if_o then_o ten_o rank_n be_v enough_o to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n in_o front_n and_o rear_n i_o presume_v the_o other_o six_o may_v have_v be_v dispose_v of_o two_o way_n first_o they_o may_v have_v be_v bestow_v on_o the_o front_n and_o so_o have_v extend_v it_o to_o a_o far_o great_a length_n which_o will_v have_v bring_v more_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o not_o only_o save_v the_o phalange_n from_o be_v out-winged_a but_o have_v put_v it_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o out-wing_n the_o enemy_n second_o these_o six_o rank_n may_v very_o advantageous_o have_v compose_v a_o body_n apart_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o that_o shall_v have_v be_v a_o reserve_n and_o then_o no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n to_o have_v trouble_v the_o battle_n behind_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v think_v i_o be_o make_v up_o a_o grecian_a militia_n of_o my_o own_o unknown_a to_o the_o famous_a warrior_n of_o that_o renown_a nation_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o true_o and_o ingenuous_o my_o quarrel_n be_v only_o with_o aelian_a because_o he_o have_v not_o tell_v we_o so_o much_o as_o he_o know_v and_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o tell_v we_o which_o in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o tell_v you_o and_o it_o consist_v in_o two_o thing_n one_o that_o phalanges_fw-la be_v not_o always_o sixteen_o deep_a and_o second_o that_o they_o want_v not_o always_o reserve_v to_o prove_v both_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o follow_a instance_n at_o deâ—â—s_n when_o the_o athenian_n fight_v with_o the_o theban_n and_o other_o boeotian_o the_o phalanges_fw-la be_v all_o of_o they_o eight_o dâ—â—p_n and_o all_o deep_a phalanges_fw-la eight_o deep_a of_o they_o have_v reserve_v at_o leuctra_n epaminondas_n his_o foot_n batallion_n be_v all_o marshal_v in_o eight_o rank_n at_o siracusa_n when_o the_o athenian_a general_n niciaâ—_n be_v to_o fight_v he_o place_v his_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o two_o wing_n his_o athenian_n he_o divide_v into_o two_o great_a body_n the_o half_a whereof_o he_o marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n between_o the_o two_o wing_n the_o other_o half_o he_o place_v behind_o at_o a_o distance_n with_o reserve_v and_o have_v reserve_v command_n to_o succour_v either_o the_o wing_n or_o the_o battle_n as_o they_o see_v they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o their_o help_n and_o this_o be_v a_o perfect_a reserve_n and_o observe_v that_o his_o wing_n battle_n and_o reserve_n be_v all_o marshal_v eight_o deep_a take_v thucydides_n a_o noble_a historian_n and_o a_o good_a captain_n for_o my_o author_n but_o you_o will_v say_v these_o be_v not_o macedonian_a phalanges_fw-la true_a but_o they_o be_v grecian_a one_o tho_o and_o the_o commander_n of_o they_o without_o all_o peradventure_o do_v well_o enough_o foresee_v in_o what_o danger_n their_o phalanges_fw-la of_o eight_o deep_a might_n be_v by_o a_o sudden_a charge_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n which_o no_o question_n they_o will_v have_v oppose_v by_o make_v the_o last_o four_o rank_n face_n about_o if_o their_o reserve_v serve_v not_o their_o turn_n neither_o can_v the_o four_o rank_n extend_v its_o pike_n be_v three_o foot_n short_a than_o the_o macedonian_a one_o much_o beyond_o the_o first_o rank_n but_o to_o take_v the_o objection_n more_o full_o let_v we_o come_v near_o and_o view_v the_o great_a alexander_n army_n at_o arbela_n and_o we_o shall_v see_v he_o be_v not_o at_o all_o limit_v by_o aelian_o rule_n of_o a_o macedonian_a phalange_n though_o by_o it_o they_o say_v he_o conquer_v the_o persian_a monarchy_n sir_n walter_n raleigh_n say_v right_a that_o in_o this_o place_n alexander_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n so_o that_o they_o face_v to_o van_n rear_n and_o both_o flank_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o he_o make_v his_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n front_v four_o several_a way_n for_o than_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v immovable_a and_o only_o apt_a to_o resist_v but_o not_o to_o advance_v which_o have_v be_v both_o against_o the_o intention_n of_o that_o brave_a prince_n and_o his_o action_n of_o that_o day_n for_o he_o charge_v the_o persian_a batallion_n both_o with_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o meaning_n must_v be_v that_o he_o order_v some_o horse_n and_o foot_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o main_a battle_n to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n for_o prevent_v any_o misfortune_n there_o and_o the_o like_a he_o do_v on_o both_o his_o flank_n but_o all_o these_o when_o his_o main_a battle_n move_v face_v to_o the_o van_n and_o advance_v with_o it_o and_o when_o it_o stand_v they_o take_v up_o their_o former_a distance_n and_o face_v as_o they_o be_v appoint_v and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v lest_o his_o army_n small_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o with_o darius_n shall_v be_v surround_v if_o the_o army_n he_o be_v afraid_a to_o
body_n in_o the_o field_n as_o they_o be_v by_o he_o in_o paper_n when_o the_o phalanx_n present_v their_o pike_n by_o half_a file_n to_o front_n and_o rear_n the_o greek_n call_v it_o in_o that_o posture_n amphistomus_fw-la when_o the_o general_n command_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o advance_v and_o the_o body_n to_o make_v a_o bow_n or_o crescent_n and_o in_o that_o posture_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o wedge_n battle_n than_o it_o be_v call_v antistomus_n and_o when_o by_o face_v either_o by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o the_o rear_n be_v make_v the_o front_n than_o the_o phalange_n be_v call_v peristomus_fw-la and_o so_o of_o other_o needless_a to_o rehearse_v it_o may_v be_v i_o mistake_v in_o the_o greek_a name_n as_o have_v indeed_o but_o very_o little_a knowledge_n in_o that_o language_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n all_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o any_o nation_n and_o none_o will_v doubt_v but_o the_o grecian_n have_v set_v rule_n and_o order_n for_o they_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o which_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v but_o according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o thing_n and_o emergency_n of_o affair_n on_o which_o depend_v most_o of_o military_a action_n aelian_a give_v we_o little_a light_n or_o indeed_o none_o at_o all_o in_o any_o of_o these_o particular_n aelian_a most_o of_o they_o forget_v by_o aelian_a but_o leave_v we_o to_o glean_v what_o we_o can_v out_o of_o history_n and_o thereon_o to_o build_v our_o own_o conjecture_n it_o have_v be_v convenient_a for_o we_o to_o have_v know_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o march_v where_o or_o how_o the_o horse_n the_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v and_o how_o far_o every_o day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o march_v as_o also_o whether_o the_o chiliarchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o hipparchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o march_n march_n horse_n change_v day_n about_o or_o if_o they_o march_v constant_o in_o one_o place_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n or_o precedency_n for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o their_o ephipparchy_n which_o be_v brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o their_o myriarchy_n which_o be_v brigade_n of_o foot_n may_v have_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n every_o day_n by_o turn_n as_o easy_o as_o our_o brigade_n do_v but_o since_o we_o be_v leave_v by_o our_o leader_n aelian_a in_o the_o dark_a i_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o be_v there_o be_v by_o aelian_o account_n four_o ephipparchy_n in_o the_o cavalry_n and_o four_o phalangarchy_n in_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n they_o change_v day_n about_o and_o each_o of_o they_o have_v the_o van_n every_o four_o day_n as_o also_o i_o think_v it_o be_v most_o consentaneous_a to_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v four_o chiliarchy_n in_o every_o phalangarchy_n and_o four_o talentinarchy_n in_o every_o ephipparchy_n they_o likewise_o daily_o change_v so_o that_o every_o talentinarchy_n have_v the_o van_n in_o the_o ephipparchy_n every_o four_o day_n as_o every_o chiliarchy_n have_v in_o the_o phalangarchy_n i_o shall_v likewise_o believe_v that_o the_o cavalry_n march_v either_o before_o behind_z or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot_n phalange_n according_a to_o the_o enemy_n motion_n and_o so_o do_v the_o light_a arm_a foot_n by_o these_o conjecture_n i_o do_v not_o offer_v to_o impose_v on_o any_o man_n belief_n but_o leave_v he_o that_o liberty_n that_o i_o have_v take_v to_o guess_v as_o probable_o as_o he_o can_v how_o far_o the_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n be_v bind_v to_o march_v in_o one_o day_n as_o i_o can_v assert_v nothing_o so_o i_o may_v only_o guess_v that_o they_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o march_v but_o twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n as_o the_o roman_a legionary_n be_v and_o therefore_o i_o can_v hardly_o believe_v polianus_fw-la who_o say_v philip_n make_v his_o phalange_n march_v in_o one_o day_n three_o hundred_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n which_o make_v thirty_o seven_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a you_o will_v think_v this_o the_o more_o incredible_a when_o you_o hear_v immediate_o what_o baggage_n they_o carry_v concern_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o grecian_a army_n our_o author_n give_v we_o this_o account_n first_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o appoint_v a_o judicious_a and_o active_a person_n to_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o it_o he_o say_v well_o next_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o sometime_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o van_n of_o the_o army_n and_o so_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v if_o the_o baggage_n baggage_n enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n when_o the_o army_n advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n and_o good_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o there_o may_v be_v strong_a enough_o reason_n for_o that_o too_o but_o sometime_o he_o say_v it_o be_v order_v to_o march_v in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n and_o so_o it_o may_v provide_v it_o have_v good_a guard_n on_o the_o flank_n of_o it_o and_o last_o he_o aver_v the_o grecian_n send_v their_o baggage_n sometime_o before_o their_o army_n when_o they_o be_v to_o enter_v iuto_fw-la a_o declare_a enemy_n country_n and_o here_o i_o profess_v i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o understand_v the_o mystery_n of_o this_o stratagem_n of_o war._n but_o i_o wish_v aelian_a have_v clear_v we_o in_o this_o whether_o the_o soldier_n or_o company_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n have_v wagon_n cart_n beast_n of_o carriage_n drudge_n and_o slave_n allow_v they_o to_o carry_v their_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o farthel_n or_o if_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o carry_v all_o themselves_o for_o in_o my_o next_o essay_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n i_o shall_v let_v you_o see_v a_o legionary_a carry_v three_o magazine_n on_o his_o head_n back_o and_o shoulder_n the_o first_o of_o arm_n stake_n or_o pallisadoe_n the_o second_o of_o meat_n and_o clothes_n and_o the_o three_o of_o utensil_n for_o a_o kitchin_n if_o of_o all_o these_o three_o the_o greek_a be_v only_o oblige_v to_o carry_v his_o arm_n he_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o roman_a in_o all_o march_n and_o expedition_n yet_o i_o suppose_v my_o reader_n may_v hazard_v with_o i_o to_o believe_v that_o before_o philip_n of_o macedon_n time_n the_o grecian_a soldier_n carry_v no_o other_o burden_n than_o their_o arm_n but_o have_v baggage_n the_o grecian_a soldier_n carry_v no_o baggage_n either_o carriage-beast_n or_o drudge_n allow_v they_o for_o carry_v their_o victual_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o this_o conjecture_n i_o ground_n upon_o what_o i_o have_v read_v in_o thucydides_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o at_o syracuse_n after_o the_o unfortunate_a athenian_n have_v lose_v their_o navy_n in_o which_o be_v all_o or_o most_o of_o their_o provision_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o march_v away_o by_o land_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o potent_a city_n to_o seek_v new_a fortune_n their_o soldier_n be_v necessitate_v to_o carry_v their_o meat_n themselves_o because_o say_v the_o historian_n they_o have_v most_o lose_v their_o slave_n and_o drudge_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o carry_v it_o and_o some_o few_o who_o slave_n have_v stay_v still_o with_o they_o dare_v not_o trust_v they_o with_o so_o precious_a a_o thing_n as_o meat_n than_o be_v lest_o in_o that_o sad_a disaster_n they_o shall_v run_v away_o with_o it_o and_o so_o starve_v they_o if_o then_o their_o slave_n run_v away_o from_o time_n till_o philip_n of_o macedon_n time_n they_o than_o slave_n be_v allow_v they_o and_o it_o seem_v king_n philip_n abrogate_a this_o custom_n for_o he_o cause_v all_o his_o foot_n soldier_n to_o carry_v their_o meat_n and_o baggage_n themselves_o allow_v only_o one_o soujat_a to_o carry_v a_o hand-mill_n for_o the_o use_n of_o ten_o soldier_n and_o a_o drudge_n to_o every_o horseman_n this_o cause_v the_o other_o grecian_n to_o call_v the_o philippian_n jumenta_fw-la philippi_n philip_n beast_n of_o carriage_n but_o for_o all_o that_o i_o have_v not_o faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v frontinus_n who_o say_v that_o the_o same_o philip_n cause_v his_o foot_n to_o carry_v at_o one_o time_n triginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la farinam_fw-la meal_n for_o thirty_o day_n and_o if_o his_o son_n alexander_n keep_v up_o that_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v like_a he_o do_v than_o his_o phalangites_n need_v not_o to_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o roman_a legionary_n for_o heavy_a burden_n in_o both_o long_a and_o wearisome_a march_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v consider_v the_o indefatigable_a expedition_n of_o that_o magnanimous_a king_n through_o persia_n and_o india_n it_o seem_v aelian_a have_v not_o
so_o close_o that_o he_o may_v have_v no_o time_n to_o rally_v and_o to_o force_v he_o out_o of_o his_o strong_a hold_n before_o he_o recover_v breath_n to_o gather_v strength_n but_o we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_a hannibal_n defective_a in_o this_o so_o important_a a_o duty_n of_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o many_o of_o the_o roman_n themselves_o even_o against_o this_o carthaginian_a arch-enemy_n of_o they_o livy_n inform_v we_o in_o his_o twenty_o seven_o book_n that_o at_o canusiâ—m_n marcellus_n beat_v roman_n not_o always_o practise_v by_o the_o roman_n he_o hannibal_n get_v to_o his_o camp_n and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n march_v out_o of_o it_o marcellus_z not_z pursuing_z he_o get_v work_n enough_o to_o do_v with_o he_o afterward_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o twenty_o nine_o book_n that_o the_o consul_n sempronius_n and_o proconsul_n licinius_n fight_v with_o the_o same_o hannibal_n in_o the_o brâ—tian_a country_n and_o defeat_v he_o but_o they_o not_o pursue_v he_o get_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n safe_o to_o croton_n next_o day_n in_o his_o thirty_o first_o book_n he_o say_v philip_n of_o macedon_n be_v worsted_n by_o the_o roman_n in_o two_o horse_n fight_v but_o not_o be_v pursue_v by_o the_o consul_n and_o leave_v great_a fire_n in_o the_o camp_n he_o escape_v to_o the_o mountain_n caesar_n defy_v all_o his_o enemy_n to_o challenge_v or_o charge_v he_o with_o this_o oversight_n for_o he_o never_o caesar_n never_o omit_v by_o caesar_n beat_v one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o field_n which_o he_o do_v very_o often_o but_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v master_n of_o his_o camp_n before_o he_o sleep_v but_o you_o may_v read_v all_o along_o in_o livy_n when_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v but_o beginning_n to_o grow_v that_o when_o their_o dictator_n or_o consul_n have_v beat_v any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n tuscan_n veians_n volscian_n samnite_n or_o latin_n for_o most_o part_n they_o make_v no_o more_o ado_n but_o march_v back_o to_o the_o city_n which_o i_o suppose_v the_o ambition_n of_o a_o triumph_n frequent_o lead_v they_o to_o but_o if_o these_o very_a often_o victorious_a roman_n receive_v the_o foil_n as_o sometime_o they_o do_v they_o do_v even_o that_o which_o many_o more_o ancient_a people_n do_v before_o they_o and_o many_o young_a have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o be_v they_o either_o flee_v or_o retire_v if_o they_o flee_v downright_a without_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o camp_n either_o their_o speed_n carry_v they_o away_o or_o they_o save_v their_o life_n by_o submit_v to_o such_o condition_n as_o themselves_o often_o impose_v upon_o those_o who_o by_o the_o chance_n of_o war_n come_v to_o be_v their_o captive_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o prisoner_n of_o what_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n fly_v or_o retire_v to_o a_o camp_n be_v camp_n of_o a_o retreat_n to_o a_o camp_n shall_v be_v touch_v when_o i_o come_v to_o view_v lipsius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n in_o this_o place_n i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o always_o leave_v their_o camp_n fortify_v and_o man_v when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o battle_n at_o ciminia_n the_o consul_n fabius_n make_v his_o baggage-man_n demolish_v the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n while_o he_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n array_n in_o which_o he_o issue_v out_o fight_v the_o enemy_n and_o beat_v he_o as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o livy_n nine_o book_n and_o it_o be_v in_o that_o same_o book_n where_o he_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o dictator_n q._n fabius_n order_v c._n fabius'_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o samnite_n with_o his_o new_a levy_a army_n while_o the_o dictator_n himself_o at_o another_o quarter_n sally_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o do_v not_o only_o not_o leave_v any_o to_o defend_v the_o camp_n but_o order_v likewise_o all_o his_o tent_n and_o baggage_n to_o be_v burn_v that_o by_o take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o a_o retreat_n he_o may_v force_v his_o soldier_n to_o fight_v courageous_o both_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o good_n or_o the_o equivalence_n of_o they_o by_o the_o plunder_v of_o the_o enemy_n camp_n all_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o salutem_fw-la â—â—â—salus_fw-la victis_fw-la nullam_fw-la sperare_fw-la salutem_fw-la like_a of_o this_o action_n of_o the_o roman_a dictator_n history_n tell_v we_o have_v be_v practise_v by_o other_o particular_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n when_o he_o invade_v england_n who_o after_o his_o land_n cause_v they_o to_o burn_v all_o his_o ship_n which_o be_v not_o so_o few_o as_o eight_o hundred_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n suppose_v that_o which_o very_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o roman_n gain_v the_o victory_n in_o their_o last_o battle_n and_o have_v again_o nestle_v themselves_o in_o their_o camp_n let_v we_o see_v in_o what_o order_n they_o march_v out_o of_o it_o either_o to_o pursue_v a_o old_a enemy_n or_o to_o find_v out_o a_o new_a one_o in_o this_o point_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n lipsius_n put_v himself_o officious_a liâ—sius_n officious_a to_o some_o needless_a trouble_n to_o comment_n on_o polybius_n for_o i_o think_v he_o be_v so_o clear_a in_o it_o that_o lisius_n do_v he_o dis-service_n in_o offer_v he_o his_o help_n where_o he_o need_v it_o not_o at_o all_o i_o shall_v therefore_o tell_v you_o how_o polybius_n order_v the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n without_o stay_v for_o lipsius_n his_o tedious_a explication_n at_o the_o first_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n and_o horn_n every_o man_n gather_v his_o march._n preparation_n to_o a_o march._n baggage_n burden_n and_o fardel_n together_o and_o have_v they_o ready_a to_o truss_v up_o if_o they_o be_v officer_n on_o their_o pack_n and_o sumpter_n horse_n if_o common_a soldier_n on_o their_o own_o back_n at_o the_o second_o sound_n they_o load_v either_o themselves_o or_o their_o beast_n and_o at_o the_o three_o sound_n they_o march_v now_o though_o polybius_n mention_n it_o not_o nor_o lipsius_n who_o will_v comment_v on_o he_o yet_o we_o be_v to_o believe_v that_o all_o consul_n be_v so_o discreet_a that_o they_o make_v no_o great_a interval_n of_o time_n between_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sound_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v very_o please_v to_o either_o man_n or_o beast_n stand_v under_o heavy_a burden_n to_o lose_v any_o of_o that_o time_n which_o they_o may_v have_v save_v in_o make_v their_o journey_n after_o the_o three_o sound_n they_o march_v in_o this_o order_n first_o march_v the_o extraordinary_n march._n order_n of_o the_o roman_a march._n of_o the_o ally_n as_o be_v near_a the_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o near_o to_o the_o praetorian_a port._n these_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o after_o it_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o extraordinary_n and_o of_o that_o first_o legion_n in_o the_o three_o place_n march_v the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o its_o baggage_n after_o it_o four_o the_o second_o roman_a legion_n follow_v by_o both_o its_o baggage_n and_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n which_o in_o the_o five_o place_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n the_o place_n where_o the_o cavalry_n be_v to_o march_v be_v uncertain_a sometime_o both_o extraordinary_a and_o ordinary_a horse_n march_v all_o in_o the_o van_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o on_o both_o the_o flank_n without_o the_o baggage_n according_a as_o the_o general_n resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o the_o nearness_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o either_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o sometime_o the_o cavalry_n march_v divide_v into_o van_n and_o rear_n polybius_n show_v we_o also_o that_o if_o there_o be_v ground_n enough_o and_o great_a suspicion_n of_o a_o enemy_n than_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la of_o every_o legion_n be_v send_v before_o they_o which_o they_o follow_v themselves_o after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o principas_fw-la and_o then_o themselves_o follow_v in_o the_o three_o place_n by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o triarii_n which_o themselves_o follow_v if_o a_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o van_n the_o baggage_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v immediate_o turn_v to_o a_o side_n and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o have_v be_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o hastati_fw-la themselves_z the_o same_o be_v do_v by_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la and_o we_o may_v suppose_v that_o if_o a_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n of_o the_o triarii_n be_v turn_v aside_o and_o its_o place_n possess_v
he_o make_v alt_z they_o all_o take_v up_o their_o several_a distance_n behind_o he_o till_o he_o who_o be_v file-leader_n turn_v himself_o about_o on_o that_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v on_o and_o then_o all_o turn_n likewise_o so_o that_o all_o the_o file_n face_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o before_o the_o countermarch_v it_o face_v to_o the_o van_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o body_n lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o our_o modern_a driller_n when_o they_o command_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_a they_o say_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v and_o lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o van_n which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o laconian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o and_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o file-leader_n lacedaemonian_a lacedaemonian_a turn_v just_a where_o he_o stand_v and_o march_v as_o many_o foot_n behind_o the_o rear-man_n as_o the_o body_n at_o its_o due_a distance_n shall_v possess_v all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o about_o till_o their_o leader_n go_v by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o bringer_n up_o do_v only_o turn_v himself_o without_o any_o further_a motion_n the_o modern_a word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n and_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o persian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n it_o have_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o leader_n stand_v where_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v and_o the_o persian_n persian_n rear-man_n where_o the_o leader_n stand_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o leader_n advance_v three_o step_n and_o then_o turn_v and_o march_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o till_o they_o come_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o he_o advance_v and_o then_o they_o face_n about_o and_o take_v up_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o former_o possess_v the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o keep_v your_o ground_n it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o chorâ—an_n countermarch_v because_o choraean_a oâ—_n choraean_a as_o the_o chorus_n use_v to_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o together_o so_o here_o all_o the_o rank_n move_v at_o once_o and_o keep_v that_o same_o measure_n and_o distance_n in_o turn_v resemble_v a_o dance_n but_o indeed_o all_o these_o counter-marche_n as_o most_o of_o all_o evolution_n be_v better_o and_o soon_o illustrate_v nay_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n than_o they_o can_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o figure_n on_o paper_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n put_v down_o the_o first_o of_o these_o counter-marche_n which_o be_v his_o own_o country_n one_o and_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o have_v a_o show_n of_o fly_v at_o least_o of_o retire_v be_v a_o body_n of_o sixteen_o depth_n as_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v by_o that_o countermarch_v lose_v in_o the_o rear_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o foot_n of_o ground_n one_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o use_n all_o three_o of_o small_a use_n foot_n of_o distance_n between_o the_o rank_n at_o least_o it_o lose_v one_o hundred_o and_o six_o foot_n and_o true_o i_o think_v the_o hazard_n be_v small_a if_o all_o the_o three_o several_a counter-marche_n be_v for_o ever_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n except_o those_o of_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o they_o use_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o if_o they_o be_v practise_v then_o i_o be_o confident_a confusion_n will_v follow_v they_o which_o be_v but_o too_o ready_a to_o appear_v in_o any_o army_n though_o never_o so_o well_o order_v when_o it_o be_v unexpected_o attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n if_o the_o grecian_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o great_a gun_n nay_o even_o with_o our_o musket_n which_o kill_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n by_o far_o than_o dart_n or_o arrow_n and_o against_o which_o their_o defensive_a arm_n will_v not_o have_v be_v proof_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o a_o enemy_n a_o good_a way_n from_o their_o rear_n will_v have_v render_v their_o best_a counter-marche_n both_o unfeasible_a and_o dangerous_a all_o the_o good_a i_o suppose_v that_o be_v intend_v by_o a_o countermarch_v be_v to_o place_v the_o very_a same_o man_n and_o rank_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o very_a same_o order_n they_o be_v with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o true_o if_o captain_n be_v careful_a to_o place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o the_o front_n their_o next_o best_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o make_v middle_a man_n of_o the_o three_o and_o rank_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n as_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o hazard_v a_o countermarch_v but_o with_o much_o ease_n and_o with_o one_o word_n of_o command_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v face_v in_o the_o rear_n without_o danger_n of_o any_o confusion_n or_o disorder_n i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a punctual_a officer_n and_o drill-master_n who_o have_v take_v much_o pain_n to_o teach_v new_a beginner_n all_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o counter-marche_n and_o have_v make_v they_o practice_v their_o lesson_n very_o exact_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v never_o in_o my_o own_o judgement_n have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o counter-marche_n than_o they_o say_v some_o physician_n have_v of_o cucumber_n which_o they_o first_o order_n to_o be_v well_o correct_v and_o prepare_v with_o vinegar_n oil_n pepper_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o else_o and_o then_o advise_v to_o throw_v they_o out_o of_o door_n or_o over_o the_o window_n in_o exercise_v body_n the_o first_o care_n be_v to_o make_v rank_n and_o file_n keep_v that_o distance_n that_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o general_n who_o command_v the_o army_n for_o he_o may_v do_v in_o that_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n the_o grecian_a foot_n have_v a_o threefold_a distance_n the_o first_o be_v of_o six_o foot_n and_o this_o aelian_a will_n have_v to_o be_v in_o exercising_n and_o march_n between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o well_o as_o rank_n and_o rank_a but_o assure_o there_o be_v not_o so_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o one_o as_o there_o be_v for_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n carty_v long_a pike_n require_v six_o foot_n in_o their_o march_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o pike_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o much_o between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o foot_n distance_n of_o the_o foot_n any_o man_n at_o first_o view_n may_v easy_o comprehend_v the_o second_o distance_n be_v of_o three_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a as_o also_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o this_o be_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o stand_v in_o battle_n with_o their_o pike_n order_v and_o their_o posture_n at_o this_o distance_n be_v call_v densatio_n the_o three_o be_v of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a between_o both_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v when_o they_o be_v either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v call_v constipatiâ—_n in_o that_o posture_n have_v present_v their_o pike_n with_o their_o left_a foot_n foremost_a their_o target_n touch_v one_o another_o and_o so_o their_o phalange_n look_v like_o a_o brazen_a wall_n as_o lucius_z aemilius_z the_o roman_a consul_n speak_v of_o that_o wherewith_o king_n persâ—â—s_v face_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pidna_n where_o they_o fight_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n the_o grecian_a horse_n be_v marshal_v in_o several_a figure_n and_o of_o their_o distance_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o nor_o do_v aelian_a help_n i_o in_o it_o at_o all_o of_o these_o several_a figure_n of_o horse_n troop_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o one_o and_o horse_n of_o the_o horse_n then_o my_o reader_n will_v perhaps_o believe_v with_o i_o that_o the_o square_a battle_n probable_o keep_v that_o distance_n that_o troop_n have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o both_o the_o rhombus_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n require_v a_o great_a distance_n when_o they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o motion_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o change_v the_o posture_n or_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o stand_v and_o i_o conceive_v when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o charge_n the_o horse_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—err_v
it_o far_o his_o son_n alexander_n when_o he_o cross_v the_o hellespont_n to_o invade_v the_o persian_a monarchy_n have_v thirty_o two_o thousand_o foot_n and_o five_o army_n in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n thousand_o horse_n above_o eight_o thousand_o more_o man_n than_o in_o aelian_n macedonian_a phalange_n at_o issus_n he_o be_v strong_a and_o at_o arbela_n he_o have_v forty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n all_o grecian_n beside_o very_a many_o asian_o who_o he_o have_v subdue_v so_o we_o see_v that_o aelian_o number_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n do_v not_o hold_v even_o in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n much_o less_o will_v his_o rule_n hold_v in_o other_o grecian_a phalanges_fw-la who_o draw_v up_o their_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n but_o eight_o deep_a and_o so_o by_o our_o author_n method_n their_o light_n arm_v but_o four_o deep_a for_o if_o you_o allow_v their_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n to_o be_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n these_o multiply_v by_o eight_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o file_n that_o batallion_n consist_v of_o eight_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o man_n their_o velite_n be_v half_o of_o that_o number_n they_o be_v four_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o give_v the_o half_a of_o that_o number_n to_o their_o cavalry_n they_o must_v have_v be_v two_o thousand_o forty_o eight_o and_o thus_o by_o aelian_o rule_n their_o whole_a phalange_n phalanges_fw-la nor_o in_o the_o other_o grecian_a phalanges_fw-la of_o both_o heavy_a and_o light_a arm_a foot_n and_o horse_n shall_v have_v amount_v to_o neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o fourteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o combatant_n but_o they_o neither_o observe_v that_o number_n nor_o his_o rule_n in_o the_o division_n of_o that_o number_n at_o delos_n the_o theban_n and_o boeotian_o have_v a_o army_n consist_v of_o seven_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n ten_o thousand_o light_n arm_v and_o one_o thousand_o horse_n if_o they_o have_v be_v rule_v by_o aelian_a they_o shall_v have_v have_v more_o than_o ten_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v five_o thousand_o and_o odd_a velite_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n shall_v have_v be_v horse_n in_o this_o phalange_n of_o they_o when_o the_o athenian_n send_v alcibiades_n and_o nicias_n to_o sicily_n they_o do_v not_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o exact_a number_n at_o mantinaea_n epaminâ—â—das_n his_o army_n consist_v of_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o thousand_o horse_n a_o number_n exceed_v the_o great_a macedonian_a phalange_n by_o four_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o man_n the_o army_n of_o the_o lacedæmonians_n and_o athenian_n that_o fight_v against_o he_o in_o that_o last_o battle_n of_o he_o be_v twenty_o two_o thousand_o foot_n and_o horse_n and_o these_o be_v more_o by_o seven_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o than_o a_o grecian_a phalange_n shall_v have_v be_v by_o aelian_o method_n at_o four_o deep_a the_o light_n and_o eight_o deep_a the_o heavy_a arm_v and_o yet_o come_v short_a six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalange_n by_o this_o we_o see_v our_o author_n number_n of_o phalanges_fw-la do_v not_o always_o hold_v and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a question_n to_o i_o if_o ever_o they_o do_v exact_o hold_v at_o all_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o how_o he_o have_v his_o phalange_n of_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n without_o reserve_n i_o have_v show_v you_o that_o be_v not_o always_o do_v and_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v and_o instanced_a the_o inconvenience_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v do_v let_v we_o now_o see_v where_o he_o place_v his_o cavalry_n in_o time_n of_o action_n to_o this_o he_o say_v it_o be_v marshal_v according_a to_o the_o general_n pleasure_n sometime_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n sometime_o before_o they_o and_o sometime_o behind_o they_o that_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o according_a to_o the_o general_n pleasure_n he_o need_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o be_v not_o the_o question_n but_o it_o be_v where_o the_o general_n pleasure_n be_v to_o place_v they_o for_o marshal_v the_o horse_n on_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot_n there_o be_v reason_n enough_o for_o it_o it_o be_v and_o still_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n to_o marshal_v they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v before_o the_o foot_n be_v not_o in_o cavalry_n where_o aelian_a marshal_v the_o cavalry_n my_o opinion_n advise_o do_v some_o to_o skirmish_n do_v well_o but_o if_o all_o the_o horse_n fight_v in_o the_o van_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o be_v beat_v they_o may_v ready_o rout_n their_o own_o infantry_n without_o the_o enemy_n help_v for_o something_o like_o that_o i_o have_v see_v practise_v and_o though_o the_o macedonian_a foot_n phalange_n have_v as_o i_o say_v before_o three_o interval_n through_o which_o the_o horse_n may_v perhaps_o if_o worsted_n have_v retire_v in_o good_a order_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o foot_n yet_o their_o flight_n or_o retreat_n will_v have_v infinite_o discourage_v the_o infantry_n which_o be_v present_o to_o enter_v into_o action_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o fight_n have_v be_v oft_o practise_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o horse_n behind_o the_o foot_n will_v be_v in_o my_o judgement_n yet_o of_o less_o use_n but_o aelian_a in_o his_o figure_n of_o the_o whole_a phalanx_n have_v the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n foremost_a next_o they_o the_o velite_n and_o the_o cavalry_n behind_o both_o if_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v the_o horse_n shall_v fight_v in_o that_o place_n why_o do_v he_o marshal_v they_o there_o and_o if_o he_o conceive_v they_o may_v fight_v there_o why_o do_v he_o not_o tell_v we_o how_o they_o can_v do_v it_o it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v imagine_v the_o velite_n may_v bestow_v their_o arrow_n and_o stone_n cast_v out_o of_o sling_n upon_o a_o enemy_n over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n but_o what_o hurt_v horseman_n heavy_o arm_v can_v do_v a_o enemy_n over_o the_o head_n of_o both_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v foot_n draw_v up_o in_o two_o distinct_a body_n one_o behind_o the_o other_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o fancy_n and_o with_o permission_n of_o aelian_a i_o doubt_v it_o can_v hardly_o be_v make_v appear_v that_o any_o general_n before_o his_o time_n whether_o macedonian_a grecian_a or_o barbarian_a ever_o draw_v up_o a_o army_n in_o that_o fashion_n if_o they_o have_v ground_n to_o do_v it_o otherwise_o cyrus_n place_v his_o foot_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o his_o horse_n in_o the_o wing_n ordinary_o horse_n fight_v in_o the_o wing_n wing_n when_o he_o fight_v with_o the_o assyrian_n say_v xenophon_n the_o grecian_n at_o delos_n leuctra_n and_o syracuse_n put_v their_o horse_n in_o the_o wing_n mix_v with_o light_a arm_a foot_n their_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o some_o of_o their_o velite_n skirmish_v before_o it_o with_o reserve_v behind_o alexander_n use_v that_o same_o custom_n in_o all_o his_o battle_n though_o at_o issus_n the_o strait_n of_o the_o mountain_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o put_v his_o army_n in_o that_o order_n he_o have_v design_v till_o he_o acquire_v a_o more_o spacious_a ground_n at_o arbela_n where_o he_o total_o overthrow_v darius_n he_o marshal_v his_o army_n nothing_o after_o aelian_o pattern_n but_o so_o that_o you_o may_v almost_o say_v that_o our_o modern_a general_n draw_v up_o their_o army_n now_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o and_o according_a to_o the_o copy_n he_o cast_v they_o there_o for_o his_o right_a wing_n consist_v of_o horse_n mix_v with_o light_a arm_a foot_n the_o right_a hand_n whereof_o be_v command_v by_o clitus_n and_o the_o leave_v by_o philotas_n his_o left_a wing_n be_v likewise_o horse_n mix_v with_o velites_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n whereof_o stand_v meleager_n and_o on_o the_o left_a philip_n with_o his_o thessalian_a cavalry_n between_o these_o two_o wing_n be_v range_v his_o phalange_n of_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n some_o velite_n skirmish_v before_o it_o and_o behind_o all_o these_o both_o phalanae_n and_o wing_n be_v those_o reserve_v under_o horeste_n lincerta_n polycarpon_n and_o philagus_n whereof_o i_o former_o tell_v you_o the_o alter_v a_o phalange_n from_o one_o form_n posture_n or_o site_n to_o another_o give_v denomination_n several_a form_n of_o a_o phalange_n give_v it_o several_a denomination_n occasion_n to_o the_o grecian_n to_o give_v it_o some_o new_a denomination_n though_o it_o be_v still_o that_o same_o phalange_n it_o be_v before_o the_o motion_n or_o evolution_n make_v the_o alteration_n which_o perhaps_o have_v give_v a_o rice_n to_o aelian_a to_o present_v we_o with_o so_o many_o several_a figure_n in_o his_o treatise_n nor_o will_v they_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v understand_v if_o they_o be_v illustrate_v by_o either_o small_a or_o great_a
the_o true_a god_n to_o have_v be_v in_o that_o idolatrous_a age_n wherein_o he_o live_v as_o very_o a_o atheist_n as_o machiavelli_n be_v when_o he_o write_v his_o discourse_n on_o livy_n and_o his_o book_n dii_fw-la prencipe_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o leave_v those_o who_o accuse_v he_o of_o that_o crime_n and_o his_o translator_n casaubon_n who_o defend_v he_o from_o that_o imputation_n to_o debate_v the_o matter_n between_o they_o nine_o their_o horrible_a and_o bloody_a civil_a war_n enough_o to_o have_v destroy_v nine_o nine_o ten_o other_o nation_n as_o that_o between_o sylla_n and_o marius_n father_n and_o son_n and_o that_o between_o caesar_n and_o the_o pompey_n and_o that_o of_o the_o triumvirate_n in_o all_o which_o how_o much_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v at_o a_o loss_n may_v be_v conjecture_v by_o one_o review_n the_o dictator_n caesar_n make_v of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n even_o before_o he_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o war_n wherein_o he_o find_v the_o number_n to_o be_v less_o by_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n than_o when_o he_o begin_v that_o one_o civil_a war_n which_o have_v continue_v not_o full_a four_o year_n but_o there_o be_v other_o difficulty_n wherewith_o the_o roman_a state_n have_v to_o wrestle_v and_o those_o make_v up_o likewise_o a_o inward_a disease_n which_o come_v unexpected_a and_o unlooked_a for_o and_o not_o be_v foresee_v can_v not_o well_o be_v prevent_v and_o those_o difficulty_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o this_o discourse_n because_o of_o a_o military_a subject_n and_o those_o be_v the_o frequent_a and_o terrible_a mutiny_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n army_n mutiny_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n or_o army_n indeed_o these_o lay_v they_o open_a to_o the_o attempt_n and_o invasione_n of_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o malign_v neighbour_n and_o have_v leave_v beside_o especial_o when_o unpunished_a a_o eternal_a blemish_n on_o their_o discipline_n of_o war_n so_o much_o cry_v up_o by_o all_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o age_n the_o like_a of_o which_o mutiny_n either_o for_o number_n or_o danger_n i_o do_v not_o read_v to_o have_v fall_v out_o in_o any_o army_n of_o the_o world_n if_o you_o except_o those_o infamous_a one_o make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n force_n in_o the_o netherlands_o about_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n or_o more_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o intestine_a war_n of_o those_o country_n whereof_o john_n petit_n strada_n and_o bentivoglio_n with_o other_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n may_v give_v the_o curious_a reader_n a_o full_a account_n of_o the_o roman_a mutiny_n some_o whereof_o be_v punish_v some_o never_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o these_o follow_a instance_n when_o caesar_n the_o great_a captain_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v war_n in_o spain_n against_o caesar_n against_o caesar_n pompey_n legate_n because_o he_o will_v not_o fight_v when_o his_o legion_n will_v they_o mutinied_a and_o tell_v he_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v when_o he_o desire_v they_o he_o pacify_v they_o with_o good_a word_n as_o know_v it_o be_v not_o time_n to_o use_v force_n at_o placentia_n his_o nine_o legion_n mutinied_a and_o â—efused_v to_o go_v to_o africa_n with_o he_o but_o desire_v to_o be_v dismiss_v and_o he_o according_o disband_v they_o when_o lucullus_n luculius_n against_o luculius_n have_v gain_v a_o victory_n against_o mithridates_n and_o tigranes_n he_o can_v not_o get_v it_o pursue_v for_o the_o mutâ—â—â—_n of_o his_o army_n which_o will_v neither_o be_v entreat_v nor_o command_v to_o march_v allege_v they_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o time_n the_o leon_n which_v be_v lest_o at_o corfiniun_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o pompey_n to_o who_o they_o have_v swear_v fidelity_n mutinied_a against_o their_o governor_n domitius_n and_o deliver_v aâ—â—â—nus_fw-la against_o domitius_n against_o aâ—â—â—nus_fw-la both_o he_o and_o the_o town_n to_o caesar_n aulus_n posthumius_fw-la albinus_n a_o legate_n and_o a_o admiral_n upon_o a_o false_a suspicion_n of_o treachery_n be_v barbarous_o murder_v by_o his_o own_o army_n caius_n fimbria_n with_o the_o help_n of_o his_o mutinous_a soldier_n murder_v the_o consul_n valerius_n flaccus_n and_o thereafter_o just_o fear_v â—laccus_fw-la against_o â—laccus_fw-la the_o same_o measure_n entreat_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n to_o do_v he_o the_o courtesy_n to_o kill_v he_o the_o consul_n cinna_n because_o he_o will_v have_v have_v his_o legion_n to_o fight_v ciâ—â—a_n against_o ciâ—â—a_n against_o sylla_n at_o that_o time_n a_o declare_a enemy_n to_o the_o state_n be_v murder_v by_o they_o lucius_n scipio_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o same_o sylla_n be_v desert_v by_o his_o mutinous_a sâ—ipio_n against_o luciâ—s_n sâ—ipio_n soldier_n who_o go_v all_o over_o to_o the_o enemy_n nor_o be_v ever_o any_o of_o those_o mutiny_n or_o murder_n punish_v or_o look_v after_o but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v say_v most_o of_o all_o these_o be_v act_v in_o time_n of_o civil_a war_n when_o authority_n be_v â—â—od_a under_o foot_n and_o every_o man_n do_v that_o which_o seem_v good_a in_o his_o own_o eye_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o of_o some_o mutiny_n and_o those_o of_o the_o deep_a dye_n that_o fall_v out_o when_o the_o ancient_a roman_a discipline_n be_v in_o its_o vigour_n and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v execute_v with_o the_o great_a severity_n and_o strictness_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o commons_o leave_v the_o city_n and_o go_v to_o mon_n sacer_n or_o the_o holy_a hill_n when_o they_o be_v bring_v back_o by_o the_o witty_a parable_n of_o menenius_n agrippa_n that_o be_v a_o sedition_n or_o secession_n of_o the_o people_n rather_o than_o a_o mutiny_n of_o the_o soldier_n but_o sure_a those_o legion_n who_o without_o senate_n against_o the_o senate_n liberty_n give_v come_v out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o apennine_a hill_n and_o make_v their_o demand_n to_o the_o senate_n in_o arm_n be_v a_o mutiny_n but_o so_o far_o from_o be_v punish_v that_o the_o mutineer_n get_v what_o they_o demand_v consul_n câ—so_n fabius_n beat_v the_o fabius_n against_o câ—sâ—_n fabius_n aequian_o out_o of_o the_o field_n with_o his_o cavalry_n but_o can_v not_o persuade_v his_o legion_n to_o advance_v or_o mend_v their_o pace_n or_o make_v so_o much_o as_o a_o show_n of_o pursuit_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o march_v back_o to_o their_o tent_n and_o offer_v rather_o their_o throat_n to_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o enemy_n if_o he_o have_v turn_v head_n than_o obey_v their_o consul_n nor_o be_v ever_o this_o pernicious_a and_o dangerous_a mutiny_n punish_v when_o appius_n claudius_n have_v marshal_v his_o legion_n against_o the_o volscian_n claudius_n against_o appâ—us_n claudius_n they_o mutinied_a refuse_v to_o fight_v and_o flee_v back_o to_o their_o camp_n and_o though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o rear_n yet_o neither_o honour_n duty_n or_o which_o be_v more_o self-preservation_n can_v move_v they_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o enemy_n their_o wickedness_n and_o obstinacy_n continue_v next_o day_n when_o the_o consul_n march_v homeward_o the_o volscian_n again_o attack_v he_o and_o make_v a_o carnage_n of_o the_o rear_n of_o his_o man_n without_o any_o opposition_n for_o none_o will_v fight_v but_o all_o run_v and_o flee_v insomuch_o that_o the_o enemy_n may_v have_v make_v the_o whole_a roman_a army_n his_o prey_n if_o he_o can_v have_v make_v use_n of_o so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n it_o be_v true_a appius_n find_v his_o time_n to_o punish_v the_o execrable_a mutineer_n and_o do_v it_o to_o some_o purpose_n by_o whip_v first_o and_o then_o behead_v all_o the_o centurion_n as_o also_o all_o the_o ensign-bearer_n that_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n and_o the_o soldier_n that_o have_v cast_v away_o their_o arm_n all_o the_o rest_n â—e_v decimate_v and_o behead_v every_o ten_o man_n say_v livy_n bastinado_v say_v florus_n what_o manner_n of_o death_n this_o bastinado_n be_v shall_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o chapter_n of_o these_o discourse_n a_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o roman_n be_v send_v to_o rhegium_n to_o keep_v state_n against_o the_o state_n it_o for_o the_o state_n they_o mutiny_v kill_v the_o principal_a citizen_n and_o keep_v the_o town_n for_o themselves_o full_a ten_o year_n at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v all_o that_o be_v take_v alive_a be_v well_o whip_v and_o behead_v in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n posthumius_fw-la a_o military_a tribune_n with_o consular_a authority_n fight_v fortunate_o posthumius_fw-la against_o posthumius_fw-la with_o the_o aequian_o observe_v in_o all_o these_o that_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v but_o yet_o in_o its_o cradle_n be_v call_v back_o to_o the_o city_n in_o his_o absence_n his_o army_n mutiny_n against_o his_o treasurer_n beat_v he_o and_o wound_n he_o the_o tribune_n return_v in_o haste_n and_o indeed_o he_o make_v more_o haste_n than_o good_a
right_a wing_n of_o the_o batallion_n so_o the_o five_o be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n these_o five_o cohort_n make_v up_o the_o first_o acies_fw-la or_o batallion_n our_o author_n proceed_v and_o tell_v we_o the_o six_o cohort_n batallion_n the_o second_o batallion_n consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n in_o it_o must_v be_v those_o of_o the_o young_a year_n he_o mean_v the_o hastati_fw-la because_o the_o six_o cohort_n have_v its_o station_n behind_o the_o eagle_n and_o the_o ensign_n the_o seven_o cohort_n have_v in_o it_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n the_o eight_o have_v as_o many_o but_o they_o must_v be_v courageous_a man_n because_o they_o keep_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n the_o nine_o consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o horse_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ten_o but_o the_o soldier_n must_v be_v good_a warrior_n because_o they_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n now_o you_o see_v the_o first_o batallion_n consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o ninety_o six_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o batallion_n of_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n and_o so_o the_o legion_n be_v complete_o divide_v into_o these_o two_o batallion_n without_o reserve_n for_o a_o three_o body_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v and_o he_o aver_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n mark_v it_o of_o arm_a man_n in_o every_o legion_n a_o great_a sometime_o have_v be_v and_o for_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o division_n of_o a_o legion_n he_o say_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n that_o there_o be_v in_o every_o legion_n fifty_o five_o centurion_n if_o any_o man_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o what_o he_o have_v say_v already_o he_o may_v read_v he_o in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n and_o there_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o hear_v he_o speak_v that_o same_o language_n with_o very_o little_a difference_n our_o author_n say_v by_o the_o example_n of_o one_o legion_n he_o will_v declare_v how_o the_o again_o the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o field_n shall_v be_v marshal_v when_o a_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v fight_v the_o horse_n say_v he_o be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n let_v we_o remember_v this_o the_o body_n of_o the_o foot_n say_v he_o begin_v to_o be_v order_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n where_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v place_v to_o this_o be_v joyn'n_v the_o second_o cohort_n the_o three_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o batallion_n to_o it_o join_v the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n all_o say_v he_o that_o fight_v in_o this_o first_o batallion_n be_v call_v principes_fw-la and_o there_o he_o describe_v their_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a arm_n needless_a here_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o second_o battle_n say_v he_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la arm_v as_o the_o principes_fw-la after_o these_o be_v the_o light_n arm_v with_o plumbatae_fw-la sword_n bow_n and_o arrow_n slinger_n there_o be_v likewise_o who_o cast_v stone_n out_o of_o sling_n and_o batton-sling_n also_o darter_n who_o he_o say_v shoot_v arrow_n out_o of_o manubalist_n and_o arcubalist_n thereafter_o he_o tell_v we_o forget_v what_o he_o say_v but_o seven_o or_o eight_o line_n before_o that_o the_o second_o batallion_n o_o memory_n where_o be_v thou_o consist_v of_o hastati_fw-la and_o say_v he_o not_o remember_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o batallion_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v place_v the_o six_o cohort_n to_o which_o be_v join_v the_o seven_o the_o eight_o keep_v the_o middle_a battle_n accompany_v with_o the_o nine_o and_o the_o ten_o cohort_n keep_v constant_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n and_o so_o our_o author_n end_v that_o chapter_n thus_o we_o have_v twice_o in_o two_o several_a chapter_n the_o description_n of_o a_o full_a legion_n divide_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o these_o ten_o marshal_v in_o two_o batallion_n or_o class_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n forget_v triarâ—i_n forget_v of_o the_o triarii_n or_o leave_v room_n for_o they_o but_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n as_o if_o some_o body_n have_v awaken_v he_o out_o of_o his_o dream_n he_o say_v after_o all_o these_o batallion_n the_o triarii_n be_v place_v arm_v with_o cataphract_n headpiece_n sword_n dagger_n semispathis_n two_o dart_n and_o lead-bullet_n weapon_n give_v to_o that_o class_n by_o none_o but_o himself_o these_o triarii_n say_v he_o kneel_v on_o one_o knee_n rest_v till_o the_o first_o battle_n remember_v at_o length_n remember_v chance_v to_o be_v beat_v they_o may_v renew_v the_o fight_n if_o any_o man_n think_v he_o have_v do_v well_o to_o remember_v the_o triarii_n at_o last_o who_o be_v the_o roman_n great_a strength_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a he_o enjoy_v his_o opinion_n provide_v he_o let_v i_o keep_v i_o which_o be_v that_o he_o need_v not_o now_o have_v mention_v they_o at_o all_o since_o he_o have_v already_o marshal_v his_o legion_n all_o the_o ten_o cohort_n of_o it_o and_o all_o the_o full_a number_n of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n complete_o without_o they_o whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n velite_n velite_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la stand_v still_o and_o move_v not_o and_o the_o triarii_n kneel_v or_o sit_v for_o he_o speak_v of_o both_o posture_n till_o the_o light_n arm_v have_v skirmish_v and_o be_v beat_v in_o to_o the_o legionary_n and_o after_o the_o victory_n the_o heavy_a arm_v keep_v their_o ground_n and_o stand_v like_o a_o wall_n leave_v the_o pursuit_n of_o the_o rout_v enemy_n to_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o velite_n but_o i_o can_v find_v in_o my_o heart_n to_o part_v with_o vegetius_n till_o i_o see_v how_o he_o will_v marshal_v legion_n once_o more_o marshal_v yet_o be_v please_v to_o dispose_v of_o the_o triarii_n and_o i_o find_v he_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n begin_v de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o marshal_v the_o foot_n as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o speak_v one_o word_n of_o it_o before_o it_o be_v say_v he_o the_o law_n of_o embattel_v to_o place_v the_o old_a and_o experience_a soldier_n in_o the_o first_o order_n here_o he_o confound_v ordo_fw-la and_o acies_fw-la and_o these_o be_v call_v principes_fw-la in_o the_o second_o be_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o then_o he_o speak_v of_o distance_n between_o the_o order_n whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n the_o three_o order_n or_o body_n be_v of_o the_o swift_a velite_n as_o darter_n and_o the_o young_a archer_n the_o four_o be_v of_o the_o young_a archer_n good_a lord_n again_o young_a archer_n and_o these_o say_v he_o who_o repetition_n strange_a repetition_n be_v call_v lancier_n and_o be_v also_o call_v martiobarboli_n and_o be_v lead-caster_n if_o these_o beat_v the_o enemy_n say_v he_o they_o pursue_v he_o too_o but_o if_o they_o be_v beat_v they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o first_o and_o second_o batallion_n suppose_v of_o heavy_a arm_v you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n love_v to_o refresh_v his_o reader_n memory_n well_o then_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n fight_v before_o the_o first_o and_o second_o or_o any_o of_o they_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n our_o author_n place_n carrobalist_n slinger_n and_o batton-slingers_a but_o i_o must_v propose_v a_o question_n or_o two_o by_o the_o way_n first_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n both_o which_o as_o you_o see_v question_n two_o question_n he_o make_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o velite_n after_o they_o have_v fight_v with_o and_o be_v repel_v by_o a_o enemy_n retire_v only_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o army_n i_o suppose_v the_o last_o though_o vegetius_n through_o inadvertency_n say_v only_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o two_o first_o batallion_n for_o if_o so_o they_o â—ad_v undoubted_o obstruct_v very_o much_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o triarii_n or_o the_o retreat_n of_o both_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la my_o next_o query_n be_v why_o vegetius_n do_v not_o appoint_v the_o slinger_n and_o batton_n slinger_n to_o skirmish_v in_o the_o van_n as_o well_o as_o
physician_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o their_o cure_n he_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o chariot_n cart_n wagon_n and_o packhorse_n of_o all_o the_o mechanic_n instrument_n for_o cut_v and_o prepare_v timber_n and_o wood_n and_o ordnance_n lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n other_o matter_n for_o make_v warlike_a machine_n and_o the_o engine_n themselves_o all_o this_o seem_v to_o make_v this_o officer_n to_o be_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o roman_a artillery_n the_o praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la be_v he_o who_o most_o resemble_v our_o modern_a master_n of_o artillery_n praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o ordnance_n or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o prime_a care_n of_o the_o armamentarium_fw-la or_o magazine_n in_o which_o be_v ordinary_o not_o only_a store_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o arm_n and_o engine_n for_o expugnation_n and_o propugnation_n of_o town_n and_o strong_a hold_n but_o also_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o instrument_n and_o material_n for_o make_v they_o and_o more_o particular_o for_o the_o make_n up_o and_o defend_v their_o hibernâ—_n or_o winter-quarter_n in_o which_o be_v shop_n for_o make_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n and_o weapon_n both_o for_o offence_n and_o defence_n and_o under_o his_o conduct_n be_v also_o all_o manner_n of_o material_n for_o make_v bridge_n for_o which_o purpose_n little_a boat_n be_v carry_v along_o with_o their_o army_n with_o smith_n carpenter_n joiner_n and_o other_o artificer_n with_o those_o who_o have_v skill_n to_o work_v in_o mine_n for_o though_o the_o soldier_n not_o only_o help_v but_o also_o perfect_v most_o of_o those_o work_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o depute_a who_o have_v skill_n both_o to_o work_v themselves_o and_o to_o direct_v other_o neither_o will_v this_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n carry_v pionier_n along_o with_o they_o for_o these_o be_v the_o soldier_n but_o only_o that_o some_o company_n be_v depute_v to_o who_o more_o special_a care_n all_o these_o work_n be_v recommend_v and_o these_o be_v of_o a_o very_a old_a institution_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o serviâ—â—_n tulliuâ—_n king_n of_o rome_n for_o he_o appoint_v two_o company_n of_o carpenter_n and_o smith_n for_o that_o purpose_n we_o read_v also_o frequent_o of_o legate_n in_o roman_a army_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o he_o be_v send_v with_o the_o consul_n to_o represent_v the_o senate_n and_o people_n by_o who_o he_o be_v choose_v and_o sometime_o the_o consul_n have_v power_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o â—â—gate_n he_o sit_v in_o council_n with_o the_o consul_n and_o give_v his_o advice_n but_o neither_o he_o nor_o the_o whole_a council_n may_v impose_v on_o the_o consul_n who_o constant_o keep_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o the_o sovereign_a command_n over_o all_o in_o the_o consul_n absence_n the_o legate_n command_v absolute_o and_o before_o he_o go_v fix_v lictor_n or_o sergeant_n with_o axe_n and_o rods._n but_o when_o the_o consul_n return_v the_o legate_n command_v cease_v in_o process_n of_o time_n there_o be_v two_o legate_n ordain_v legate_n legate_n for_o each_o army_n and_o thereafter_o as_o many_o legate_n as_o there_o be_v legion_n over_o which_o they_o have_v the_o command_n according_a as_o lipsius_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n declare_v in_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o oppose_v he_o though_o i_o find_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o history_n i_o be_o sure_a neither_o pompey_n nor_o caesar_n have_v so_o many_o legate_n as_o they_o have_v legion_n either_o when_o they_o be_v present_v themselves_o or_o when_o they_o be_v absent_a pompey_n have_v seven_o legion_n in_o spain_n and_o with_o they_o but_o two_o legate_n these_o be_v petreius_n and_o aâ—ranius_n when_o caesar_n be_v in_o england_n he_o have_v but_o one_o legate_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o a_o great_a cavalry_n in_o gaul_n and_o that_o be_v labienus_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o either_o of_o those_o two_o great_a captain_n have_v a_o legate_n for_o each_o legion_n that_o fight_v at_o pharsalia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o perhaps_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n there_o be_v a_o legate_n for_o every_o province_n and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o legate_n or_o more_o for_o every_o army_n beside_o in_o every_o army_n there_o be_v a_o quaestor_n he_o be_v the_o treasurer_n keep_v the_o casâ—â—_n treasurer_n questor_n or_o treasurer_n pay_v the_o army_n distribute_v the_o wheat_n to_o the_o man_n and_o the_o barley_n to_o the_o hoâ—ses_n to_o he_o be_v deliver_v all_o the_o pillage_n that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n eitherin_o village_n town_n or_o camp_n he_o sell_v it_o all_o and_o out_o of_o the_o money_n give_v either_o the_o army_n their_o wage_n or_o donative_n according_a as_o he_o have_v order_n from_o the_o consul_n who_o direction_n he_o be_v bind_v punctual_o to_o obey_v though_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o a_o dictator_n be_v uncontrollable_a in_o matter_n dictator_n dictator_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n yet_o in_o the_o field_n his_o authority_n be_v no_o great_a than_o that_o of_o a_o consul_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n the_o first_o can_v not_o be_v call_v in_o question_n afterward_o whereas_o the_o second_o might_n where_o a_o dictator_n be_v he_o choose_v his_o own_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o though_o this_o title_n seem_v to_o import_v horse_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n that_o he_o who_o have_v it_o have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o foot_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o under_o the_o dictator_n he_o command_v both_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n his_o lieutenant-general_n thus_o you_o have_v in_o this_o discourse_n and_o in_o those_o of_o the_o infantry_n and_o cavalry_n a_o full_a account_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o in_o any_o author_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o roman_a army_n though_o the_o army_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n chapter_n have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n and_o that_o vegetius_n make_v a_o praetorian_a army_n to_o be_v but_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o consular_a one_o yet_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o bring_v instance_n from_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o great_a arâ—â—es_n than_o these_o consist_v of_o four_o legion_n have_v be_v command_v not_o only_o by_o conful_n but_o by_o â—roâ—â—â—â—uls_n praetor_n and_o proprator_n in_o several_a of_o the_o roman_a war_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n when_o he_o be_v to_o march_v from_o the_o city_n expedition_n the_o consul_n state_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o expedition_n be_v oblige_v to_o sacrifice_v in_o the_o capitol_n and_o there_o to_o take_v his_o auspex_n the_o foreboding_a omen_n or_o as_o philemon_n holland_n call_v they_o the_o oss_n of_o his_o good_a fortune_n in_o that_o expedition_n and_o then_o he_o ride_v out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o great_a state_n and_o splendour_n paludatus_fw-la in_o a_o glorious_a and_o rich_a embroider_a coat_n of_o arm_n convoy_v by_o a_o gallant_a company_n of_o his_o choice_a friend_n with_o his_o lictor_n or_o sergeant_n before_o he_o with_o axe_n and_o bundle_n of_o rod_n the_o ordinary_a number_n whereof_o if_o the_o general_n be_v a_o consul_n be_v twelve_o these_o solemn_a rite_n ceremony_n and_o custom_n may_v not_o be_v neglect_v if_o they_o be_v the_o general_n have_v neither_o the_o prayer_n and_o good_a wish_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o the_o willing_a obedience_n of_o their_o army_n caius_z claudius_z going_z to_z illyria_z go_v from_o rome_n in_o the_o nighttime_n without_o any_o solemnity_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o his_o army_n he_o find_v his_o soldier_n in_o a_o mutiny_n which_o though_o he_o punish_v severe_o enough_o yet_o he_o find_v himself_o necessitate_v not_o only_o to_o go_v back_o to_o aquileia_n but_o to_o return_v to_o rome_n itself_o there_o to_o make_v his_o vow_n sacrifice_n and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o pomp_n according_a to_o the_o accustom_a manner_n but_o for_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o roman_a army_n we_o see_v not_o yet_o where_o the_o velite_n neglect_v velite_n neglect_v be_v marshal_v nor_o how_o they_o fight_v we_o must_v believe_v that_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v marshal_v behind_o the_o triarii_n and_o that_o they_o march_v through_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v there_o till_o they_o do_v either_o beat_v the_o enemy_n or_o be_v beat_v by_o he_o back_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o any_o desire_n to_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n he_o may_v meet_v with_o one_o of_o they_o in_o terduzzi_n his_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a machine_n and_o another_o in_o lipsius_n his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n each_o after_o the_o fancy_n
by_o conversion_n or_o face_v to_o the_o rear_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n in_o that_o same_o manner_n be_v to_o second_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o one_o legion_n be_v speak_v of_o all_o the_o four_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o two_o of_o the_o ally_n but_o in_o polybius_n his_o description_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o arise_v baggage_n some_o difficulty_n and_o doubt_n concern_v the_o march_n of_o the_o baggage_n to_o i_o some_o difficulty_n which_o lipsius_n have_v not_o at_o all_o clear_v nay_o nor_o speak_v â—f_n though_o he_o speak_v enough_o of_o that_o which_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o understand_v without_o he_o as_o first_o consider_v how_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o the_o ground_n will_v always_o allow_v the_o roman_n to_o march_v in_o the_o order_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v every_o great_a batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n to_o have_v its_o baggage_n in_o the_o van_n of_o it_o for_o by_o such_o other_o not_o at_o all_o clear_v by_o polybius_n or_o any_o other_o a_o march_n in_o a_o country_n full_a of_o hedge_n ditch_n and_o enclosure_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a but_o their_o legion_n will_v be_v wonderful_o embarass_v with_o their_o servant_n horse_n and_o baggage_n neither_o can_v the_o three_o batallion_n of_o every_o legion_n or_o of_o all_o the_o three_o upon_z the_o attack_z of_o a_o enemy_n make_v their_o evolution_n from_o among_o their_o baggage_n so_o dextrous_o and_o ready_o but_o they_o may_v by_o a_o active_a pursuer_fw-mi be_v bring_v to_o inextricable_a difficulty_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o time_n have_v rob_v we_o of_o a_o page_n or_o two_o of_o polybius_n his_o write_n which_o will_v have_v explain_v this_o and_o have_v make_v we_o know_v his_o own_o sense_n better_a than_o either_o lipsius_n or_o tâ—rduzzi_n do_v the_o last_o of_o these_o two_o do_v wonderful_o please_v himself_o in_o affirm_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v always_o march_v in_o that_o very_a order_n wherein_o he_o who_o command_v it_o resolve_v to_o fight_v here_o he_o fight_v with_o his_o own_o shadow_n for_o i_o suppose_v none_o will_v deny_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v march_v in_o batallion_n great_a body_n brigade_n and_o squadron_n yea_o all_o in_o breast_n if_o the_o ground_n will_v permit_v it_o but_o if_o not_o than_o i_o hope_v terduzzi_n will_v permit_v a_o general_n to_o march_v in_o such_o body_n small_a or_o great_a as_o with_o conveniency_n he_o can_v but_o what_o if_o i_o deny_v to_o terduzzi_n the_o thing_n itself_o for_o i_o dare_v aver_v never_o roman_a chieftain_n intend_v to_o fight_v a_o enemy_n in_o that_o order_n as_o polybius_n make_v the_o consular_a army_n to_o march_v for_o who_o will_v fancy_v the_o hastati_fw-la fight_v with_o their_o baggage_n before_o they_o or_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la advance_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la through_o their_o own_o wagon_n and_o cart_n but_o grant_v he_o all_o he_o say_v to_o be_v true_a what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o the_o order_n the_o baggage_n to_o march_v between_o the_o several_a batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v conducible_a to_o obtain_v the_o great_a and_o main_a end_n and_o scope_n of_o all_o army_n which_o be_v to_o overcome_v a_o enemy_n and_o since_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o i_o be_o still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o polybius_n his_o right_a meaning_n be_v not_o yet_o full_o elucidate_v to_o we_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o will_v deal_v yet_o more_o free_o i_o do_v not_o well_o or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o understand_v baggage_n roman_n soldier_n carry_v all_o their_o own_o baggage_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o several_a batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n for_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v on_o their_o own_o back_n if_o all_o be_v true_a that_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o former_o except_o their_o tent_n and_o their_o hand-mill_n and_o these_o i_o think_v may_v with_o little_a loss_n have_v take_v their_o hazard_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o every_o legion_n nay_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o van_n or_o they_o may_v secure_o enough_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o van_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n so_o as_o still_o polybius_n his_o divide_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o legion_n into_o three_o part_n and_o put_v a_o three_o before_o every_o batallion_n be_v mysterious_a to_o i_o lipsius_n stand_v gaze_v and_o admire_v at_o the_o excellent_a order_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n and_o cry_v out_o mira_n eorum_fw-la hic_fw-la providentia_fw-la &_o dispositio_fw-la their_o providence_n and_o order_n here_o say_v he_o be_v wonderful_a but_o i_o wonder_v much_o more_o that_o this_o order_n of_o they_o do_v not_o sometime_o bring_v mischief_n upon_o they_o for_o first_o you_o be_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o dare_a roman_n for_o most_o part_n seek_v their_o enemy_n who_o in_o that_o case_n can_v not_o but_o be_v in_o their_o van_n either_o march_v to_o mete_v they_o or_o march_v away_o from_o they_o if_o the_o enemy_n march_v to_o meet_v they_o the_o roman_a baggage_n either_o before_o the_o legion_n itself_o or_o between_o the_o several_a body_n of_o it_o can_v not_o but_o give_v they_o those_o inevitable_a embarass_n and_o inconvenience_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v if_o a_o enemy_n march_v from_o they_o why_o do_v so_o prudent_a a_o people_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v make_v their_o own_o baggage_n a_o hindrance_n to_o they_o in_o overtake_v that_o enemy_n in_o who_o pursuit_n they_o march_v for_o let_v any_o man_n consider_v it_o right_n the_o great_a baggage_n that_o be_v the_o artillery_n engine_n and_o machine_n or_o the_o stuff_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v their_o spare_a arm_n the_o shop_n where_o and_o utensil_n wherewith_o they_o be_v make_v the_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o great_a baggage_n the_o treasurer_n train_n of_o money_n and_o proviant_a and_o many_o time_n of_o plunder_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n between_o the_o several_a legion_n and_o troop_n that_o without_o these_o hindrance_n a_o consular_a army_n may_v have_v join_v a_o enemy_n in_o less_o time_n by_o half_a than_o it_o can_v do_v with_o they_o which_o caesar_n speedy_a march_n from_o gâ—rgâ—via_n after_o the_o aeduan_o without_o baggage_n do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v what_o advantage_n the_o nervian_o propose_v to_o themselves_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o roman_a baggage_n between_o legion_n and_o sure_o these_o advantage_n have_v be_v great_a if_o every_o batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n have_v have_v its_o baggage_n in_o the_o van_n of_o it_o will_v be_v know_v to_o any_o who_o will_v attentive_o read_v câ—sars_n second_o book_n of_o the_o gallic_a waâ—_n for_o they_o have_v learn_v how_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o march_v resolve_v to_o set_v upon_o his_o first_o legion_n while_o its_o baggage_n give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o â—est_n to_o come_v up_o to_o its_o assistance_n câ—sar_n who_o be_v as_o happy_a as_o prudent_a and_o as_o prudent_a as_o fortunate_a learn_v their_o design_n by_o his_o spy_n and_o present_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o country_n march_n he_o command_v his_o cavalry_n to_o set_v forward_o and_o after_o it_o six_o legion_n and_o after_o they_o the_o baggage_n of_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o in_o the_o rearguard_n two_o legion_n more_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v so_o he_o may_v have_v receive_v a_o notable_a yea_o a_o indelible_a affront_n from_o that_o stout_a and_o warlike_a nation_n which_o as_o it_o be_v leave_v he_o not_o the_o field_n without_o a_o very_a bloody_a resistance_n nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a time_n câ—sar_n do_v so_o though_o it_o be_v the_o only_a time_n mention_v by_o lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n for_o when_o he_o advance_v with_o four_o legion_n against_o the_o bellâ—vaci_n he_o cause_v three_o legion_n to_o march_v first_o than_o the_o baggage_n which_o his_o four_o legion_n follow_v perhaps_o he_o practise_v this_o more_o frequent_o though_o it_o be_v not_o often_o mention_v and_o in_o all_o his_o retreat_n he_o ever_o send_v his_o whole_a baggage_n to_o the_o van_n of_o his_o army_n thus_o you_o see_v great_a câ—sar_n who_o live_v long_o after_o polybius_n do_v not_o tie_v himself_o so_o strict_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n but_o he_o both_o can_v and_o do_v alter_v it_o according_a as_o he_o think_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o so_o shall_v all_o prudent_a captain_n do_v but_o i_o can_v get_v one_o view_n of_o the_o velite_n in_o all_o this_o march_n and_o here_o our_o author_n march_v
we_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o vâ—lites_n march_v leave_v we_o again_o to_o our_o conjecture_n certain_o if_o the_o whole_a six_o book_n of_o polybius_n his_o history_n be_v extant_a and_o if_o some_o parcel_n of_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v as_o i_o shrewd_o suspect_v there_o be_v he_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o where_o and_o how_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v who_o make_v up_o more_o than_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o infantry_n march_v for_o to_o tell_v we_o as_o lipsius_n do_v that_o they_o march_v where_o the_o consul_n appoint_v they_o be_v to_o tell_v we_o just_a nothing_o for_o neither_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n nor_o horse_n march_v where_o they_o please_v but_o where_o the_o general_n order_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o probable_a and_o a_o very_a rational_a conjecture_n that_o the_o velite_n march_v near_a that_o place_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v whether_o that_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n since_o they_o be_v by_o their_o skirmish_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n but_o i_o fear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v have_v more_o grope_v before_o we_o find_v the_o quarter_n where_o they_o lodge_v observe_v that_o the_o legion_n of_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o socii_fw-la do_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n daily_o by_o turn_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o the_o roman_a ambulatory_a march_n be_v twenty_o italian_a mile_n in_o four_o hour_n and_o the_o cursory_a twenty_o five_o but_o i_o suppose_v without_o baggage_n and_o with_o it_o twenty_o mile_n be_v vnius_fw-la diei_fw-la justum_fw-la iter_fw-la the_o just_a march_n of_o a_o army_n for_o one_o day_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n after_o a_o long_a and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a march_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o village_n quarter_a iâ—_n town_n and_o village_n lodge_v our_o consular_a army_n and_o lodge_v it_o must_v be_v in_o town_n and_o village_n or_o in_o the_o field_n if_o in_o the_o first_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o demand_v from_o their_o host_n but_o bed_n and_o lodging_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o all_o they_o spend_v in_o meat_n drink_n or_o fire_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o legate_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n cause_v they_o to_o furnish_v the_o army_n as_o they_o march_v through_o their_o jurisdiction_n out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n which_o be_v discount_v from_o their_o wage_n by_o the_o treasurer_n or_o cause_v the_o country_n people_n to_o bring_v in_o provision_n of_o all_o kind_n as_o to_o open_a market_n where_o they_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n of_o the_o country_n in_o which_o the_o army_n chance_v to_o be_v the_o contravener_n and_o disobeyer_n of_o order_n be_v severe_o punish_v the_o way_n in_o which_o officer_n and_o soldier_n use_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o house_n to_o avoid_v strife_n between_o they_o and_o their_o host_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a house_n be_v as_o equal_o divide_v as_o may_v be_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n choose_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o return_v to_o the_o host_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v two_o three_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o field_n which_o we_o call_v encamp_v encamp_v soldier_n hard_a labour_n in_o encamp_v and_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n the_o common_a soldier_n have_v a_o hard_a labour_n than_o in_o their_o day_n march_v in_o regard_n beside_o the_o measure_n the_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o ditch_n rampart_n and_o pallisado_n and_o to_o pitch_v the_o tent_n of_o all_o their_o commander_n and_o cleanse_v their_o quarter_n before_o they_o get_v leave_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o own_o tent_n or_o hut_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o castrametation_n which_o be_v one_o part_n of_o encamp_v after_o the_o roman_a way_n we_o be_v to_o borrow_v all_o our_o light_n from_o polybius_n and_o our_o own_o conjecture_n for_o vegetius_n speak_v but_o very_o little_a of_o it_o and_o that_o little_a be_v in_o very_o general_a term_n but_o for_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n we_o be_v more_o oblige_v to_o vegetius_n than_o polybius_n the_o first_o spend_v five_o full_a chapter_n on_o encamp_v to_o wit_n the_o twenty_o first_o twenty_o second_o twenty_o three_o twenty_o four_o and_o twenty_o five_o of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o either_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o have_v forget_v something_o in_o all_o these_o chapter_n or_o else_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n to_o refresh_v his_o own_o or_o our_o memory_n he_o fall_v again_o to_o his_o castrametation_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n will_v amount_v to_o this_o castrametation_n sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o castrametation_n he_o lament_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fortify_v camp_n be_v wear_v out_o for_o want_v whereof_o say_v he_o we_o have_v know_v many_o roman_a army_n afflict_v by_o the_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n beside_o say_v he_o if_o they_o be_v worsted_n in_o any_o battle_n have_v no_o camp_n to_o retire_v to_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sword_n unrevenged_a like_a brute_n neither_o do_v the_o enemy_n make_v a_o end_n of_o kill_v they_o till_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o pursue_v they_o he_o say_v the_o army_n be_v to_o encamp_v where_o it_o may_v have_v store_n of_o fuel_n wood_n water_n and_o fodder_n where_o the_o air_n be_v wholesome_a and_o free_a from_o marsh_n and_o if_o it_o be_v to_o stay_v any_o time_n it_o must_v be_v well_o look_v to_o that_o no_o hill_n be_v near_o from_o whence_o a_o enemy_n may_v infest_v it_o and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n the_o camp_n be_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o extent_n that_o neither_o man_n beast_n nor_o baggage_n be_v pinch_v for_o want_v of_o room_n nor_o must_v it_o be_v so_o large_a but_o that_o the_o fortification_n of_o it_o in_o all_o its_o circumference_n may_v be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o man_n that_o be_v within_o it_o this_o be_v all_o he_o say_v of_o castrametation_n as_o to_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n he_o tell_v we_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n and_o it_o be_v short_o this_o that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a sort_n or_o way_n of_o fortify_v a_o camp_n first_o if_o there_o be_v but_o little_a danger_n the_o rampart_n shall_v be_v make_v but_o three_o foot_n high_a suppose_v above_o the_o line_n and_o this_o rampart_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o turf_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ditch_n shall_v be_v and_o the_o camp_n and_o of_o fortify_v the_o camp_n loose_a earth_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o ditch_n shall_v be_v nine_o foot_n broad_a and_o seven_o deep_a and_o this_o be_v call_v fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la or_o a_o ditch_n sudden_o cast_v up_o and_o it_o seem_v be_v use_v when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o stay_v but_o a_o night_n or_o two_o and_o no_o enemy_n near_o it_o thus_o far_o vegetius_n be_v clear_a but_o in_o describe_v the_o other_o two_o way_n of_o fortify_v he_o be_v extreme_o confuse_a both_o in_o his_o first_o and_o three_o book_n but_o if_o i_o guess_v right_a at_o his_o meaning_n he_o intend_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o second_o way_n of_o fortification_n be_v when_o a_o imminent_a danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n appear_v than_o the_o ditch_n be_v nine_o foot_n deep_a and_o twelve_o broad_a and_o the_o rampart_n above_o the_o line_n four_o foot_n high_a use_v three_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o in_o the_o great_a hazard_n the_o rampart_n be_v plant_v about_o with_o these_o stake_n and_o palisado_n s_o which_o the_o soldier_n be_v obligeâ—_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o so_o that_o reckon_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampart_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n it_o be_v thirteen_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n itself_o twelve_o foot_n broad_a i_o will_v he_o have_v say_v either_o eleven_o or_o thirteen_o for_o than_o he_o have_v not_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o before_o that_o in_o fortification_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_a to_o observe_v a_o odd_a number_n the_o turf_n whereof_o the_o rampart_n be_v make_v use_v to_o be_v half_o a_o foot_n deep_a one_o foot_n broad_a and_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o thus_o far_o vegetius_n concern_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o roman_a
do_v likewise_o fear_v indeed_o occasion_n confusion_n and_o he_o will_v still_o have_v pikeman_n more_o fearful_a than_o other_o man_n beside_o he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v ill_o train_v as_o if_o they_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n for_o fear_v of_o hurt_v either_o their_o commander_n or_o their_o companion_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o think_v the_o darkness_n or_o horror_n of_o the_o night_n shall_v put_v a_o pikeman_n in_o great_a danger_n than_o a_o musqueteer_n and_o this_o i_o will_v glad_o hear_v he_o or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o demonstrate_v his_o four_o argument_n be_v that_o pike_n be_v unfit_a and_o unserviceable_a for_o convoy_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o ask_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o be_v it_o therefore_o not_o useful_a at_o all_o argument_n four_o argument_n next_o i_o say_v he_o be_v mistake_v for_o many_o convoy_n have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o many_o convoy_n must_v make_v use_n of_o pike_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o answer_v answer_v be_v to_o traverse_v open_a heath_n and_o champain_n country_n or_o as_o the_o enemy_n strength_n be_v fancy_v to_o be_v either_o in_o foot_n or_o horse_n many_o great_a convoy_n be_v compose_v only_o of_o firelock_n or_o fusee_v i_o hope_v master_n lupton_n will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o musket_n be_v useless_a five_o he_o say_v the_o musqueteer_n be_v overtoiled_a and_o discourage_v when_o he_o see_v argument_n five_o argument_n he_o must_v do_v the_o whole_a duty_n in_o sally_n skirmish_n convoy_n and_o onslacht_n as_o he_o call_v they_o suppose_v infall_n or_o surprisal_n from_o all_o which_o the_o pikeman_n be_v exempt_v in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o ask_v who_o exempt_v he_o true_o none_o that_o i_o know_v answer_v answer_v but_o brancatio_n and_o master_n lupton_n who_o exempt_v he_o from_o all_o other_o duty_n and_o make_v he_o unnecessary_a nor_o can_v i_o divine_a where_o our_o author_n have_v learn_v this_o discipline_n that_o he_o offer_v to_o teach_v we_o i_o have_v show_v the_o pikeman_n be_v necessary_a for_o some_o convoy_n in_o all_o sally_n he_o be_v serviceable_a sometime_o with_o his_o pike_n or_o sometime_o with_o a_o half_a pike_n or_o a_o halberd_n sometime_o a_o morning_n star_n and_o sometime_o hand_v granado_n with_o all_o which_o the_o musqueteer_n many_o time_n must_v do_v service_n for_o in_o the_o medley_n of_o a_o salley_n his_o musket_n be_v often_o a_o unnecessary_a weapon_n unless_o he_o be_v within_o a_o parapet_n as_o for_o surprisal_n and_o anslacht_n the_o pikeman_n many_o time_n may_v be_v very_o useful_a and_o more_o than_o the_o musqueteer_n unless_o he_o change_v the_o lock_n of_o his_o musket_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n as_o to_o skirmish_n it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v he_o that_o neither_o the_o heavy_a arm_a footman_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o pikeman_n nor_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horseman_n who_o be_v the_o curiassier_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o these_o service_n be_v perform_v in_o ancient_a time_n by_o the_o velite_n and_o now_o by_o musket_n fusee_n firelock_n and_o light_a horseman_n the_o heavy_a arm_v stand_v ready_a to_o sustain_v they_o and_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n nor_o do_v i_o ever_o hear_v musqueteer_n make_v any_o such_o complaint_n as_o these_o our_o author_n be_v please_v to_o charge_v they_o with_o six_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o outwork_n before_o or_o beside_o a_o enemy_n the_o pikeman_n argument_n six_o argument_n be_v useless_a unless_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v centinel_n for_o say_v he_o the_o musqueteer_n defend_v the_o work_n and_o while_o they_o be_v furious_o give_v fire_n the_o pikeman_n be_v sit_v in_o the_o trench_n take_v tabaco_n or_o tell_v tale_n for_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o ever_o i_o hear_v a_o soldier_n tell_v such_o a_o tale_n as_o this_o of_o mr._n luptons_n but_o i_o know_v not_o where_o this_o man_n be_v he_o be_v just_a now_o in_o outwork_n and_o immediate_o in_o trench_n it_o seem_v they_o be_v all_o one_o with_o he_o but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o i_o must_v divide_v his_o argument_n into_o two_o part_n and_o give_v a_o answer_n subdivide_v subdivide_v to_o both_o if_o it_o be_v in_o trench_n or_o approach_n to_o a_o besiege_a fort_n that_o the_o musqueâ—eers_n be_v give_v fire_n furious_o it_o must_v be_v either_o at_o a_o sally_n of_o the_o enemy_n answer_v and_o answer_v and_o then_o sure_a the_o pikeman_n be_v neither_o sit_v nor_o idle_a or_o it_o be_v when_o a_o battery_n be_v a_o make_n near_o the_o counterscarp_n or_o that_o the_o zap_n be_v begin_v there_o and_o then_o indeed_o both_o cannon_n and_o musket_n shall_v fire_v furious_o upon_o both_o curtain_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o from_o thence_o those_o who_o work_n may_v be_v as_o little_o disturb_v as_o may_v be_v and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o pikeman_n be_v busy_a work_n with_o a_o spade_n shovel_n or_o mattock_n in_o his_o hand_n or_o be_v careful_o attend_v to_o give_v obedience_n to_o what_o else_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v perhaps_o to_o receive_v the_o sally_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o come_v to_o mr._n luptons_n outwork_n and_o he_o must_v mean_v the_o pike_n be_v useless_a either_o when_o a_o outwork_n be_v storm_v or_o when_o it_o be_v defend_v from_o a_o storm_n if_o the_o first_o the_o pike_n be_v more_o necessary_a than_o any_o fire-gun_n after_o those_o who_o carry_v they_o come_v to_o the_o ascend_a or_o mount_v the_o work_n and_o this_o be_v obvious_a to_o sense_n if_o the_o second_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v come_v on_o to_o the_o storm_n it_o be_v the_o musqueteer_n part_v to_o give_v fire_n to_o keep_v he_o off_o and_o chase_v he_o away_o but_o the_o enemy_n be_v already_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o work_n and_o mount_v the_o musket_n be_v useless_a except_o from_o flank_n and_o the_o pikeman_n then_o with_o stone_n and_o hand-granado's_a do_v the_o service_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o push_n of_o pike_n and_o then_o sure_a the_o pike_n be_v not_o useless_a but_o he_o say_v a_o pike_n be_v too_o long_a a_o weapon_n for_o this_o service_n to_o answer_v which_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o outwork_n whereof_o mr._n lupton_n speak_v confuse_o be_v tenailles_fw-fr ravelines_n halfmoon_n crown-work_n and_o horn-work_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o these_o ordinary_o there_o be_v other_o weapon_n than_o either_o pike_n or_o musket_n such_o be_v hand-granado's_a stone_n halberd_n partisan_n morning_n star_n two_o hand_a and_o hangman_n sword_n which_o be_v stand_v ready_a within_o the_o work_n that_o when_o the_o pike_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musqueteer_n both_o may_v make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o and_o if_o none_o of_o these_o weapon_n be_v in_o the_o work_n a_o pikeman_n may_v very_o soon_o make_v a_o half-pike_n of_o his_o long_a pike_n which_o be_v a_o weapon_n much_o commend_v by_o mr._n lupton_n but_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n for_o that_o either_o for_o in_o these_o outwork_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o pikeman_n may_v with_o much_o ease_n stand_v on_o the_o rampart_n and_o gripe_v his_o pike_n either_o at_o half_a or_o quarter_n length_n tumble_v down_o a_o enemy_n dead_a or_o alive_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o parapet_n and_o not_o cut_v his_o pike_n at_o all_o and_o because_o our_o author_n may_v mean_v redoubt_n and_o battery_n which_o be_v make_v at_o sieges_n for_o true_o i_o do_v not_o well_o know_v where_o to_o find_v he_o i_o say_v the_o musqueteer_n stand_v on_o the_o foot_n bank_n of_o these_o and_o do_v their_o work_n the_o pikeman_n may_v stand_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o redoubt_n or_o battery_n and_o kill_v or_o throw_v over_o any_o enemy_n that_o be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o parapet_n as_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o six_o argument_n our_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o scout_n that_o be_v lose_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o stoad_n where_o the_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n be_v pikeman_n to_o who_o he_o attribute_n the_o loss_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v by_o scout_n some_o post_n and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o say_v the_o other_o half_o of_o the_o defendant_n who_o be_v musketeer_n occasion_v the_o loss_n and_o not_o the_o pike-man_n but_o because_o i_o know_v not_o what_o he_o mean_v i_o shall_v grant_v he_o all_o he_o say_v and_o yet_o aver_v that_o the_o particular_a oversight_n of_o pike-man_n will_v never_o conclude_v the_o pike_n universal_o useless_a seven_o he_o say_v pike-man_n can_v make_v a_o retreat_n for_z say_v he_o a_o
not_o see_v brancatio_n but_o terduzzi_n his_o countryman_n for_o they_o be_v both_o italian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o machine_n say_v he_o have_v read_v he_o now_o if_o he_o value_v neither_o his_o opinion_n nor_o his_o reason_n i_o think_v none_o shall_v for_o tâ—rduzzi_n himself_o be_v so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o the_o pike_n that_o he_o write_v he_o will_v have_v it_o break_v if_o he_o know_v what_o better_a weapon_n to_o put_v in_o its_o room_n out_o of_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o short_a description_n of_o brancatio_n and_o his_o book_n describe_v his_o book_n describe_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n be_v this_o of_o the_o true_a art_n of_o war_n whereby_o any_o prince_n may_v not_o only_o resist_v another_o in_o the_o field_n only_o with_o his_o own_o force_n and_o with_o little_a charge_n but_o also_o overcome_v any_o nation_n a_o very_a glorious_a title_n i_o think_v we_o need_v expect_v small_a performance_n from_o so_o vain_a promise_n this_o man_n undertaker_n himself_o a_o great_a undertaker_n will_v prove_v a_o alchemist_n who_o promise_v to_o give_v we_o mountain_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v not_o a_o sixpence_n to_o buy_v his_o own_o dinner_n his_o preface_n make_v up_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o book_n wherein_o he_o tell_v often_o than_o once_o that_o he_o study_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o military_a art_n fifteen_o year_n and_o practise_v it_o forty_o so_o he_o have_v be_v no_o young_a man_n when_o he_o write_v his_o book_n but_o he_o conclude_v and_o i_o pray_v you_o mark_v it_o that_o in_o all_o these_o fifteen_o year_n he_o have_v read_v no_o author_n but_o casar_n commentary_n and_o thereafter_o he_o laugh_v and_o scoff_v at_o all_o those_o roman_a author_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v distinct_a maniple_n in_o the_o roman_a legion_n because_o he_o have_v read_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o câ—sar_n not_o only_a in_o this_o preface_n of_o he_o but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o book_n he_o despise_v the_o pike_n and_o call_v it_o the_o enervation_n the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o war._n i_o shall_v for_o a_o while_o leave_v brancatio_n and_o return_v to_o mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o this_o great_a italian_a tactick_a that_o i_o may_v answer_v they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o it_o be_v a_o reflection_n on_o brancatio_n brancatio_n mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n first_o to_o cite_v history_n which_o he_o have_v either_o not_o read_v or_o not_o understand_v and_o next_o not_o to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o mr._n lupton_n credulity_n be_v inexcusable_a for_o take_v thing_n on_o brancatio_n his_o report_n the_o truth_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o book_n of_o which_o many_o private_a answer_v answer_v gentleman_n be_v master_n i_o shall_v very_o brief_o run_v through_o the_o quotation_n he_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o italian_a man_n of_o war._n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n say_v he_o be_v ruin_v and_o overthrow_v in_o africa_n because_o first_o first_o he_o have_v squadron_n of_o pike_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n he_o be_v overthrow_v because_o neither_o his_o pike-man_n nor_o harquebusier_n be_v right_o order_v train_v nor_o command_v next_o he_o say_v charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v pike_n second_o second_o into_o italy_n indeed_o there_o be_v pike_n in_o italy_n before_o france_n be_v call_v france_n and_o if_o that_o french_a king_n bring_v they_o first_o there_o what_o lose_v he_o by_o it_o he_o traverse_v it_o take_v and_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o make_v his_o passage_n good_a at_o fornuovo_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o italy_n then_o bandy_v against_o he_o and_z no_o doubt_n his_o swisser_n do_v he_o good_a service_n and_o brancatio_n know_v they_o be_v arm_v with_o pike_n as_o to_o their_o offensive_a arms._n three_o he_o say_v the_o turk_n these_o forty_o year_n by_o past_a reckon_v they_o to_o begin_v three_o three_o at_o the_o year_n 1540_o and_o to_o continue_v till_o 1580_o have_v be_v victorious_a over_o the_o christian_n sempre_fw-it in_fw-it ongaria_n so_o write_v mr._n lupton_n only_o because_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n both_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o high_a dutch_a nation_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o turkish_a troop_n of_o horse_n well_o arm_v with_o pistol_n and_o harquebus_n i_o answer_v first_o brancatio_n his_o assertion_n be_v false_a for_o the_o turk_n be_v sometime_o beat_v in_o hungary_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o forty_o year_n and_o this_o mr._n lupton_n may_v have_v learn_v by_o peruse_v knolles_n his_o history_n if_o he_o can_v light_v upon_o no_o better_a next_o i_o say_v if_o pike_n can_v not_o resist_v the_o turk_n cavalry_n harquebusier_n on_o foot_n of_o which_o brancatio_n will_v have_v all_o his_o infantry_n to_o consist_v will_v have_v do_v it_o much_o less_o but_o what_o a_o ridiculous_a thing_n be_v it_o to_o impute_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o battle_n to_o one_o cause_n since_o army_n may_v be_v undo_v and_o overthrow_v by_o a_o thousand_o several_a occasion_n what_o can_v either_o brancatio_n or_o mr._n lupton_n say_v against_o it_o if_o i_o aver_v that_o when_o ever_o the_o turk_n be_v beat_v and_o beat_v sometime_o they_o be_v it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v no_o pike_n man_n to_o resist_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a cavalry_n four_o he_o aver_v that_o john_n frederick_n duke_n of_o saxe_n in_o germany_n and_o piter_n four_o four_o strozzi_n in_o tuscany_n be_v both_o beat_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o pikeman_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o sleidan_n give_v any_o such_o reason_n for_o his_o misfortune_n neither_o do_v ever_o that_o prince_n fight_v a_o just_a battle_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o most_o of_o who_o infantry_n consist_v of_o pike-man_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxe_n do_v to_o the_o second_o of_o strozzi_n i_o say_v he_o be_v rout_v because_o he_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o day_n time_n in_o view_n of_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n give_v he_o by_o marshal_n monluc_n final_o he_o say_v the_o battle_n of_o ceresole_n give_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o weakness_n five_o five_o of_o the_o pike-mens_n service_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o dreux_n and_o moncounter_n prove_v fatal_a say_v he_o to_o their_o leader_n who_o be_v despise_v by_o their_o enemy_n because_o their_o foot_n consist_v most_o of_o pike_n here_o mr._n lupton_n do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o insert_v such_o three_o ignorant_a and_o unadvised_a citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n which_o i_o will_v clear_v at_o ceresole_n the_o famous_a alphonso_n davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o command_v cerâ—solâ—_n battle_n of_o cerâ—solâ—_n the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anguien_v the_o french_a the_o imperialist_n be_v beat_v by_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o batallion_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n which_o flee_v without_o fight_v which_o a_o great_a batallion_n of_o imperial_a pike_n see_v open_v and_o give_v they_o way_n the_o french_a follow_v the_o chase_n through_o that_o same_o lane_n they_o be_v past_a the_o pike_n who_o be_v no_o â—ewer_a than_o five_o thousand_o close_v again_o and_o keep_v their_o ground_n another_o imperial_a batallion_n of_o pike_n some_o spaniard_n some_o german_n fight_v with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o grison_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o beat_v it_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o thereafter_o fight_v with_o the_o gascon_a batallion_n of_o pike_n where_o both_o party_n stand_v to_o it_o valiant_o insomuch_o that_o the_o duc_n d'anguien_v the_o french_a general_n see_v his_o grison_n overthrow_v and_o his_o gascon_n so_o shrewd_o put_v to_o it_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n in_o this_o charge_n of_o the_o imperial_a pike_n and_o the_o gascon_n almost_o all_o the_o leader_n fall_v at_o the_o first_o shock_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o come_v a_o batallion_n of_o swisser_n pike_n and_o charge_v the_o imperial_a pike_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o two_o stout_a and_o redoubt_a enemy_n one_o in_o the_o van_n and_o another_o in_o the_o flank_n yet_o do_v they_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o the_o field_n too_o after_o all_o the_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o all_o their_o cavalry_n with_o gua_v himself_o wound_v as_o he_o be_v have_v flee_v and_o then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o they_o cast_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o cry_v for_o quarter_n which_o the_o swisser_n give_v they_o spare_o enough_o at_o this_o charge_n be_v marshal_n monluc_n on_o foot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o gascon_n with_o a_o pike_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o it_o be_v that_o give_v we_o this_o relation_n will_v
lieutenant_n colonel_n eight_o dish_n eight_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o six_o measure_n of_o wine_n a_o major_a or_o captain_n six_o dish_n of_o meat_n six_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o six_o measure_n of_o wine_n a_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n each_o of_o they_o four_o dish_n four_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o three_o measure_n of_o wine_n every_o sergeant_n three_o dish_n of_o meat_n two_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o one_o measure_n and_o a_o half_a of_o wine_n every_o corporal_n and_o every_o drummer_n two_o dish_n of_o meat_n two_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o one_o measure_n and_o a_o half_a of_o wine_n a_o common_a soldier_n or_o trooper_n so_o much_o flesh_n bread_n and_o wine_n as_o i_o speak_v of_o before_o when_o i_o tell_v you_o what_o proviant_a be_v allow_v he_o if_o the_o army_n be_v not_o in_o a_o wine-country_n than_o all_o those_o i_o have_v spokâ—_n of_o have_v a_o double_a allowance_n of_o beer_n this_o be_v beside_o the_o hay_n straw_n and_o oat_n the_o country_n be_v bind_v to_o furnish_v to_o the_o horse_n not_o only_o of_o the_o cavalry_n artillery_n and_o general_a officer_n but_o to_o those_o horse_n likewise_o that_o belong_v to_o foderage_n foderage_n the_o infantry_n and_o this_o grievance_n of_o foderage_n prove_v many_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o free_a quarter_n all_o be_v often_o eat_v up_o in_o a_o short_a time_n wherewith_o the_o inhabitant_n shall_v maintain_v their_o horse_n and_o beast_n in_o these_o country_n where_o the_o countrypeople_n receive_v a_o little_a money_n for_o what_o the_o soldier_n spend_v on_o their_o march_n in_o their_o transient_a quarter_n as_o for_o most_o part_n in_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v more_o tolerable_a than_o where_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n at_o all_o though_o the_o host_n of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n must_v be_v considerable_a loser_n when_o they_o get_v but_o a_o twopence_n or_o a_o groat_n for_o a_o night_n entertainment_n service_n be_v that_o which_o every_o host_n be_v bind_v to_o furnish_v either_o in_o town_n or_o country_n service_n service_n to_o those_o that_o be_v lodge_v with_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v officer_n trooper_n or_o common_a soldier_n whether_o they_o be_v on_o free_a quarter_n or_o to_o pay_v for_o their_o diet._n service_n comprehend_v a_o bed_n lodging_n table_n and_o table-linnen_n fire_n salt_n and_o vinegar_n it_o be_v a_o grievance_n likewise_o because_o many_o time_n the_o soldier_n be_v extreme_o extravagant_a in_o demand_v more_o of_o those_o than_o they_o need_v i_o find_v in_o some_o history_n of_o france_n that_o ninety_o year_n ago_o or_o thereby_o this_o service_n be_v call_v service_n french_a service_n vstence_n and_o when_o they_o get_v pay_v they_o be_v to_o seek_v no_o other_o vstence_n or_o service_n but_o a_o bed_n a_o table_n and_o a_o tablecloth_n and_o liberty_n to_o dress_v their_o meat_n at_o the_o host_n fire_n nor_o may_v they_o invite_v one_o another_o to_o their_o quarter_n because_o that_o prove_v troublesome_a to_o their_o landlord_n but_o when_o money_n be_v want_v than_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o have_v free_a quarter_n which_o be_v so_o well_o regulate_v that_o none_o may_v demand_v any_o other_o entertainment_n than_o what_o the_o host_n be_v please_v to_o give_v they_o provide_v that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v nature_n and_o withal_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a in_o money_n every_o month_n wherewith_o to_o buy_v shoe_n or_o other_o small_a necessary_n and_o true_o this_o be_v a_o better_a order_n for_o free_a quarter_n than_o any_o i_o have_v yet_o speak_v of_o a_o very_a especial_a care_n be_v take_v to_o punish_v all_o such_o who_o transgress_v any_o of_o these_o ordinance_n and_o about_o that_o same_o time_n i_o find_v that_o the_o protestant_n pay_n be_v very_o frugal_a the_o foot_n be_v pay_v thus_o a_o captain_n have_v every_o month_n a_o hundred_o ago_o protestant_n pay_n eighty_o or_o ninety_o year_n ago_o french_a liver_n the_o lieutenant_n have_v fifty_o the_o ensign_n thirty_o the_o serâ—eant_n fifteen_o every_o corporal_n pipeâ—_n and_o drummer_n twelve_o and_o the_o common_a soldier_n have_v nine_o chap._n ix_o of_o military_a law_n and_o article_n of_o court_n of_o war_n of_o the_o judg-marshal_n and_o provost-marshal-general_n the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v wicked_a man_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o duty_n if_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o superad_v and_o those_o will_v signify_v but_o little_a too_o if_o the_o punitive_a execution_n of_o they_o do_v not_o follow_v the_o transgressor_n of_o they_o i_o know_v not_o indeed_o why_o soldier_n shall_v not_o be_v govern_v by_o those_o same_o law_n whereby_o other_o subject_n of_o that_o same_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o a_o army_n be_v in_o the_o field_n and_o make_v no_o long_a abode_n in_o one_o place_n law_n reason_n for_o the_o severity_n of_o military_a law_n criminal_n and_o other_o guilty_a person_n can_v be_v so_o formal_o and_o legal_o convene_v before_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o land_n as_o the_o constant_a inhabitant_n may_v especial_o when_o a_o army_n be_v out_o of_o a_o prince_n his_o own_o dominion_n as_o many_o time_n it_o be_v second_o it_o be_v find_v not_o only_o fit_v but_o necessary_a that_o more_o severe_a law_n be_v make_v in_o camp_n than_o in_o city_n for_o i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n for_o what_o reason_n or_o by_o what_o instinct_n man_n who_o follow_v the_o war_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o great_a liberty_n to_o sin_n than_o other_o mortal_n do_v as_o if_o the_o enter_v themselves_o in_o a_o militia_n do_v let_v they_o loose_v from_o all_o civil_a bond_n and_o tie_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o that_o which_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v a_o capital_a crime_n be_v but_o a_o venial_a peccadillo_n in_o a_o army_n that_o some_o army_n be_v better_o govern_v than_o other_o be_v easy_o grant_v and_o that_o few_o gross_a crime_n be_v commit_v in_o some_o than_o in_o other_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v be_v some_o general_n be_v more_o just_a more_o exact_a and_o more_o severe_a than_o other_o be_v and_o which_o be_v more_o than_o that_o some_o army_n be_v better_o pay_v than_o other_o be_v for_o theoderick_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n say_v well_o disciplinam_fw-la non_fw-la seruat_fw-la jejunus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la a_o hungry_a army_n observe_v no_o discipline_n but_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n in_o ancient_a time_n and_o some_o since_o their_o decay_n be_v so_o well_o govern_v and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o they_o so_o orderly_o be_v but_o a_o dream_n their_o terrible_a disorder_n and_o extravagant_a deportment_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o history_n and_o some_o of_o they_o i_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n and_o if_o in_o a_o army_n some_o offence_n be_v not_o instant_o punish_v it_o will_v be_v find_v peradventure_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n impossible_a to_o punish_v they_o at_o all_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o commander_n in_o the_o war_n be_v not_o only_o permit_v to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a judge_n may_v not_o do_v but_o be_v liable_a to_o censure_v if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o as_o to_o inflict_v present_a death_n either_o by_o his_o particular_a order_n or_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n without_o formal_a process_n as_o in_o the_o process_n soldier_n in_o some_o case_n may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n without_o process_n case_n of_o mutiny_n to_o kill_v one_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o and_o so_o to_o terrify_v other_o from_o prosecute_a it_o or_o in_o the_o case_n of_o disobedience_n when_o the_o appearance_n or_o pursuit_n of_o a_o enemy_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o delinquent_n to_o be_v legal_o proceed_v against_o or_o upon_o a_o march_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v either_o in_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n a_o marshal-general_n may_v be_v order_v to_o hang_v all_o without_o process_n who_o he_o find_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o army_n without_o his_o colonel_n pass_n and_o in_o this_o last_o case_n officer_n may_v kill_v those_o soldier_n that_o straggle_v or_o lag_v behind_o but_o i_o shall_v advise_v all_o commander_n not_o to_o make_v themselves_o boureaus_a and_o to_o be_v very_o spare_v to_o kill_v with_o their_o own_o hand_n except_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n these_o reason_n have_v give_v a_o just_a rise_n to_o military_a law_n which_o ordinary_o be_v call_v article_n of_o war_n there_o be_v or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v as_o many_o several_a military_a war._n article_n of_o war._n constitution_n as_o there_o be_v prince_n or_o state_n who_o wage_n war_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v his_o several_a law_n and_o statute_n yet_o all_o or_o most_o agree_v in_o these_o follow_a particular_n
a_o regiment_n marshal_v in_o one_o division_n order_n the_o colonel_n company_n to_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n next_o to_o that_o the_o major_n three_o the_o second_o captain_n fourthly_a the_o four_o captain_n five_o the_o six_o captain_n six_o the_o seven_o captain_n seventh_o the_o five_o captain_n eight_o the_o three_o captain_n ninth_o the_o old_a captain_n and_o last_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n company_n i_o know_v some_o will_v have_v the_o major_n company_n to_o be_v where_o i_o have_v place_v the_o young_a captain_n because_o they_o think_v next_o to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o middle_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n but_o if_o they_o take_v heed_n they_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o a_o middle_a company_n as_o with_o a_o middle_a man_n in_o a_o file_n who_o upon_o double_v the_o front_n by_o half_a file_n become_v a_o leader_n beside_o no_o company_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o regiment_n unless_o the_o regiment_n consist_v of_o odd_a company_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v practise_v for_o draw_v up_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o one_o front_n the_o six_o company_n which_o be_v account_v the_o middle_a one_o or_o the_o company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n be_v not_o so_o for_o it_o have_v five_o company_n on_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o but_o four_o on_o its_o left_a now_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o reason_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o draw_v up_o the_o company_n in_o that_o order_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v be_v this_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o the_o van_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n and_o next_o to_o it_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o rear_v now_o the_o honour_n come_v from_o danger_n which_o be_v for_o most_o part_n expect_v from_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n and_o hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o near_a a_o captain_n and_o his_o company_n be_v the_o danger_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v and_o therefore_o the_o near_a they_o be_v to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v if_o then_o the_o regiment_n be_v attack_v in_o the_o van_n where_o most_o danger_n be_v expect_v the_o major_n company_n be_v by_o much_o near_o the_o danger_n when_o it_o be_v marshal_v next_o to_o the_o colonel_n than_o if_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o more_o honourable_a place_n by_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o old_a captain_n be_v to_o be_v near_a the_o lieutenant-colonel_n who_o have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o if_o the_o rear_n be_v attack_v the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n be_v near_a the_o danger_n and_o next_o he_o the_o first_o captain_n by_o this_o same_o rule_n of_o proportion_n the_o second_o captain_n be_v next_o to_o the_o major_n it_o be_v fit_a since_o the_o first_o captain_n have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n in_o the_o van._n and_o if_o this_o rule_n hold_v as_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v the_o three_o captain_n company_n must_v be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o old_a captain_n right_a hand_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n as_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o van._n and_o to_o make_v short_a i_o place_v the_o four_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n the_o six_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n now_o because_o a_o enemy_n be_v soon_o expect_v in_o the_o van_n than_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o van_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o i_o marshal_v the_o last_o captain_n in_o or_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o be_v further_a from_o danger_n either_o in_o van_n or_o rear_n he_o obtain_v the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n for_o though_o all_o place_n be_v honourable_a yet_o some_o be_v more_o honourable_a than_o other_o i_o marshal_v then_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o division_n thus_o batallion_n order_n of_o a_o regiment_n in_o one_o batallion_n colonel_n major_n second_o captain_n four_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n five_o captain_n three_o captain_n first_o captain_n lieutenant-colonel_n the_o company_n stand_v in_o this_o order_n the_o major_n will_v have_v but_o little_a trouble_n body_n how_o to_o put_v they_o in_o one_o body_n to_o body_n they_o one_o of_o two_o way_n first_o he_o may_v command_v all_o the_o pike_n to_o advance_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o pace_n and_o there_o join_v they_o then_o let_v he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o right_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o march_v up_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o so_o his_o work_n be_v do_v second_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o that_o he_o stand_v on_o he_o be_v to_o command_v the_o pikeman_n to_o march_v through_o the_o file_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n by_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o meet_v in_o one_o body_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v likewise_o order_v to_o march_v by_o both_o hand_n to_o their_o due_a distance_n so_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v a_o chorean_a countermarch_v of_o file_n this_o may_v be_v do_v with_o much_o ease_n and_o a_o few_o word_n if_o the_o major_n please_v but_o some_o have_v the_o vanity_n to_o make_v themselves_o and_o their_o soldier_n more_o business_n than_o they_o need_v by_o cry_v this_o and_o that_o ride_v here_o and_o there_o make_v work_n to_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o sport_n to_o the_o beholder_n if_o the_o major_n be_v order_v to_o marshal_v the_o regiment_n in_o two_o division_n he_o may_v do_v batallion_n to_o marshal_v a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o batallion_n it_o thus_o the_o colonel_n company_n be_v to_o have_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o division_n he_o ought_v to_o place_v the_o other_o company_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o these_o be_v the_o major_n company_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o first_o captain_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n the_o second_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o colonel_n in_o the_o first_o division_n the_o three_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o four_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o major_a in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o old_a captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o six_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o second_o captain_n in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o three_o captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o ten_o company_n of_o a_o regiment_n then_o draw_v up_o in_o two_o distinct_a batallion_n be_v in_o this_o order_n division_n order_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o division_n first_o division_n second_o division_n colonel_n lieutenant-colonel_n second_o captain_n three_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n four_o captain_n five_o captain_n major_n first_o captain_n my_o reason_n for_o this_o be_v because_o the_o regiment_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o body_n or_o batallion_n the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o two_o vans_n and_o those_o that_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o vans_n for_o this_o reason_n i_o place_v the_o six_o captain_n just_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o order_n reason_n for_o that_o order_n first_o division_n as_o further_a from_o danger_n of_o either_o van_n or_o rear_n of_o that_o division_n have_v two_o company_n before_o he_o and_o two_o behind_o he_o or_o two_o on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o and_o i_o place_v the_o last_o captain_n company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o division_n as_o the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n and_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o all_o other_o captain_n have_v the_o precedency_n of_o he_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o division_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o several_a batallion_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n of_o each_o body_n equal_o divide_v on_o both_o hand_n of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o same_o way_n as_o when_o the_o regiment_n
be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o major_n ought_v to_o wait_v and_o lodge_v at_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o division_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o the_o colonel_n be_v because_o from_o he_o he_o receive_v his_o order_n direction_n and_o the_o word_n which_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n if_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o two_o division_n be_v divide_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v but_o the_o old_a captain_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o major_a at_o the_o colonel_n quarter_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o that_o case_n officiate_a as_o major_a for_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n batallion_n now_o if_o the_o major_n ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o colonel_n be_v as_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v than_o i_o think_v the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v where_o himself_o be_v the_o great_a gustavus_n use_v another_o way_n of_o marshal_v his_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n which_o take_v altogether_o be_v not_o square_a of_o front_n yet_o all_o the_o four_o part_n or_o body_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v square_a the_o manner_n be_v this_o way_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n marshal_v a_o three_o way_n suppose_v one_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o man_n as_o i_o can_v assure_v you_o he_o have_v many_o weak_a whereof_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o hundred_o be_v pikeman_n the_o pike_n advance_v twenty_o pace_n before_o the_o two_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o immediate_o join_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a place_n the_o pikeman_n have_v possess_v then_o be_v the_o pike_n divide_v into_o three_o equal_a body_n two_o hundred_o to_o each_o batallion_n the_o middle_a body_n whereof_o advance_v before_o the_o other_o two_o so_o far_o that_o its_o rear_n may_v be_v about_o ten_o pace_n before_o the_o van_n of_o the_o other_o two_o the_o two_o body_n of_o pike_n that_o stay_v behind_o be_v order_v to_o open_v a_o little_a to_o both_o hand_n and_o then_o stand_v still_o all_o front_a one_o way_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o place_n which_o the_o two_o hundred_o pike_n possess_v in_o the_o middle_n remain_v void_a there_o be_v two_o passage_n like_o sally-port_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o advance_a body_n of_o pike_n and_o the_o two_o batallion_n that_o stay_v behind_o out_o of_o one_o whereof_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n issue_v constant_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o hundred_o of_o musqueteer_n who_o before_o all_o the_o three_o body_n of_o pike_n give_v incessant_o fire_n on_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n be_v give_v they_o retire_v by_o the_o other_o passage_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n back_o to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o musqueteer_n where_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v back_o unwounded_a be_v present_o put_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n the_o fire_n continue_v without_o intermission_n by_o musqueteer_n who_o still_o sally_v through_o the_o passage_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fireman_n fight_v thus_o in_o small_a body_n each_o of_o they_o not_o above_o five_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o these_o for_o most_o part_n but_o three_o deep_a so_o you_o may_v consider_v that_o near_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v on_o service_n the_o other_o two_o three_o be_v secure_o shelter_v behind_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o pikeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a these_o pike_n have_v field_n piece_n with_o they_o which_o fire_v as_o oft_o as_o they_o can_v as_o well_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n this_o continue_a till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o both_o party_n stay_v so_o long_o as_o seldom_o they_o do_v and_o then_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o do_v what_o they_o be_v order_v to_o do_v and_o the_o order_n do_v depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n which_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v then_o see_v so_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v for_o they_o in_o this_o order_n do_v i_o see_v all_o the_o swedish_n brigades_n draw_v up_o for_o one_o year_n after_o the_o king_n death_n but_o after_o that_o time_n i_o see_v it_o wear_v out_o when_o defensive_a arm_n first_o and_o then_o pike_n come_v out_o wear_v out_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o by_o some_o vilipend_v for_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n if_o it_o can_v all_o march_n in_o one_o breast_n it_o shall_v regiment_n the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n do_v so_o but_o if_o not_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o musqueteer_n march_v in_o breast_n next_o it_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n and_o after_o it_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v then_o as_o many_o shall_v march_v in_o one_o petty_a division_n as_o the_o way_n can_v permit_v as_o suppose_v twelve_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n you_o be_v to_o march_v present_o in_o squadron_n or_o as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v squad_n or_o in_o full_a battle_n that_o be_v the_o regiment_n all_o in_o one_o front_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v your_o soldier_n be_v ready_a to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n they_o march_v in_o a_o more_o comely_a order_n and_o straggle_v far_o less_o than_o when_o they_o march_v few_o in_o breast_n and_o in_o a_o long_a row_n the_o major_n appoint_v captain_n lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o lead_v division_n and_o sergeant_n to_o attend_v the_o flank_n every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o never_o think_v it_o convenient_a much_o less_o necessary_a that_o every_o small_a division_n of_o a_o regiment_n shall_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o since_o he_o must_v be_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o commission_v officer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o division_n shall_v be_v for_o first_o consider_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n of_o one_o thousand_o strong_a there_o be_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o six_o file_n and_o admit_v that_o the_o way_n will_v permit_v eight_o file_n to_o march_v in_o breast_n as_o that_o fall_v not_o always_o out_o by_o that_o account_n you_o shall_v have_v one_o and_o twenty_o division_n consist_v of_o eight_o file_n apiece_o multiply_v twenty_o one_o by_o eight_o the_o product_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o up_o reasins_z why_o every_o petty_a division_n can_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o sixty_o eight_o file_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o thousand_o and_o eight_o man_n eight_o more_o than_o the_o number_n reckon_v again_o how_o many_o commission_v officer_n you_o have_v in_o ten_o company_n beside_o the_o three_o field-officer_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o twenty_o nine_o now_o of_o these_o twenty_o one_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v the_o division_n and_o by_o that_o account_n you_o have_v but_o nine_o officer_n to_o bring_v up_o so_o you_o want_v thirteen_o commission_v officer_n for_o that_o employment_n for_o sergeant_n shall_v neither_o be_v permit_v to_o lead_v or_o bring_v up_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o attend_v the_o flank_n beside_o all_o commission_v officer_n be_v not_o always_o present_a some_o frequent_o be_v either_o sick_a wound_a or_o absent_a on_o furloff_n it_o will_v be_v enough_o therefore_o if_o all_o these_o petty_a division_n be_v lead_v by_o commission_v officer_n which_o yet_o can_v be_v unless_o you_o allow_v some_o ensign-bearer_n to_o stay_v from_o their_o 〈…〉_o we_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v spare_v six_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o two_o division_n for_o those_o who_o will_v allow_v bringer_n up_o allow_v eighteen_o foot_n between_o two_o division_n to_o wit_n six_o foot_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o he_o that_o bring_v it_o up_o second_o six_o foot_n between_o
the_o rest_n resent_v it_o as_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o whole_a fraternity_n for_o which_o they_o will_v very_o ready_o make_v he_o march_v a_o whole_a week_n without_o a_o trumpeter_n to_o sound_v before_o he_o none_o may_v sound_v a_o trumpet_n before_o a_o troop_n but_o he_o who_o be_v master_n of_o their_o art_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o by_o produce_v a_o certificate_n sign_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o master_n trumpeter_n with_o their_o seal_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o this_o in_o their_o language_n they_o call_v a_o lerbrief_n if_o any_o want_v this_o offer_v to_o sound_v before_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n the_o master_n may_v come_v and_o take_v he_o away_o with_o disgrace_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o ritmaster_n those_o who_o have_v not_o yet_o get_v lerbrief_n they_o call_v boy_n who_o must_v serve_v the_o master_n trumpeter_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o drudgery_n though_o they_o can_v sound_v all_o the_o point_n of_o war_n never_o so_o well_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v get_v these_o privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o under_o his_o manual_a subscription_n and_o imperial_a seal_n ask_v they_o where_o this_o patent_n of_o they_o lie_v some_o of_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o at_o augsburg_n other_o say_v at_o strasburg_n and_o a_o three_o will_v say_v at_o nuremburg_n i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o of_o they_o punish_v by_o their_o officer_n and_o whatever_o discipline_n of_o their_o own_o they_o have_v i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o of_o their_o gross_a misdemeanour_n i_o know_v one_o colonel_n boy_n a_o ancient_a gentleman_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v command_v horse_n in_o who_o regiment_n no_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n be_v hear_v for_o none_o of_o they_o will_v serve_v under_o he_o because_o in_o his_o young_a year_n he_o have_v kill_v a_o trumpeter_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o it_o be_v well_o these_o pretend_a privilege_n of_o they_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v another_o martial_a instrument_n use_v with_o the_o cavalry_n which_o they_o call_v a_o kettledrum_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o which_o hang_v upon_o the_o horse_n before_o the_o kettledrum_n kettledrum_n drummer_n saddle_n on_o both_o which_o he_o beat_v they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a prince_n duke_n and_o earl_n may_v have_v they_o with_o those_o troop_n which_o ordinary_o be_v call_v their_o life-guard_n so_o may_v general_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n though_o they_o be_v not_o nobleman_n the_o german_n dane_n and_o sweede_n permit_v none_o to_o have_v they_o under_o a_o lord_n baron_fw-fr unless_o they_o have_v take_v they_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o that_o case_n any_o ritmaster_n whatever_o extraction_n he_o be_v of_o may_v make_v they_o beat_v beside_o his_o trumpeter_n they_o be_v use_v also_o for_o state_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n when_o they_o go_v to_o meat_n and_o i_o have_v see_v they_o ordinary_o beat_v and_z trumpets_z sound_n at_o the_o court_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n when_o either_o of_o the_o two_o king_n go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n dragoon_n be_v musketeer_n mount_v on_o horse_n appoint_v to_o march_v with_o the_o dragoon_n dragoon_n cavalry_n in_o regard_n there_o be_v not_o only_o many_o occasion_n wherein_o foot_n can_v assist_v the_o horse_n but_o that_o seldom_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n of_o service_n against_o a_o enemy_n but_o wherein_o it_o be_v both_o fit_a and_o necessary_a to_o join_v some_o foot_n with_o the_o horse_n dragoon_n than_o go_v not_o only_o before_o to_o guard_n pass_v as_o some_o imagine_v but_o to_o fight_v in_o open_a field_n for_o if_o a_o enemy_n rencontre_v with_o a_o cavalry_n in_o a_o champaign_n or_o open_a heath_n the_o dragoon_n be_v oblige_v to_o alight_v and_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o squad_n of_o horse_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v command_v and_o their_o continuate_a fire_v before_o the_o horse_n come_v to_o the_o charge_n will_n no_o doubt_n be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o enemy_n if_o the_o encounter_n be_v in_o a_o close_a country_n they_o serve_v well_o to_o line_n hedges_n and_o possess_v enclosure_n they_o serve_v for_o defend_v pass_n and_o bridge_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o advance_n or_o a_o retreat_n of_o a_o army_n and_o for_o foot_n serve_v on_o foot_n beat_v the_o enemy_n from_o they_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o musketeer_n but_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horseback_n and_o ride_v with_o the_o horse_n either_o before_o in_o the_o van_n or_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n they_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o cavalry_n yet_o be_v part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o not_o to_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o be_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevail_a enemy_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v teach_v to_o give_v fire_n on_o horseback_n that_o in_o a_o open_a field_n they_o may_v keep_v a_o enemy_n at_o a_o distance_n till_o they_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o close_a country_n a_o straight_a a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n a_o hedge_n or_o a_o ditch_n and_o then_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o alight_v and_o defend_v that_o advantage_n that_o thereby_o though_o perhaps_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o dragoon_n themselves_o the_o cavalry_n may_v be_v save_v when_o they_o alight_v they_o cast_v their_o bridle_n rain_v over_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o sideman_n horse_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o that_o same_o order_n as_o they_o march_v of_o ten_o dragoon_n nine_o fight_n and_o the_o ten_o man_n keep_v the_o ten_o horse_n for_o what_o they_o have_v get_v the_o denomination_n of_o dragoon_n denomination_n whence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v tell_v but_o because_o in_o all_o language_n they_o be_v call_v so_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o may_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o dragon_n because_o a_o musketeer_n on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o burn_a match_n ride_v at_o a_o gallop_n as_o many_o time_n he_o do_v may_v something_o resemble_v that_o beast_n which_o naturalist_n call_v a_o fiery_a dragon_n since_o then_o a_o dragoon_n when_o he_o alight_v and_o a_o musqueteer_n be_v all_o one_o i_o have_v musqueteer_n the_o several_a service_n of_o a_o musqueteer_n forbear_v hitherto_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a way_n how_o the_o rank_n of_o musqueteers_n fire_n have_v reserve_v it_o to_o this_o as_o a_o proper_a place_n take_v they_o then_o thus_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v upon_o one_o of_o your_o flank_n that_o hand_n file_n fire_n that_o be_v near_a off_o how_o he_o fire_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o fall_v off_o the_o danger_n and_o the_o next_o stand_v still_o to_o do_v the_o like_a that_o which_o have_v fire_v march_v through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n till_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o further_a file_n of_o that_o wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o you_o be_v charge_v on_o both_o flank_n than_o your_o right_a and_o left-hand_a file_n fire_n both_o and_o immediate_o march_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n room_n be_v make_v for_o they_o and_o in_o such_o piece_n of_o service_n as_o these_o officer_n must_v be_v attentive_a dexterous_a and_o ready_a to_o see_v all_o thing_n do_v orderly_o otherwise_o confusion_n first_o and_o immediate_o after_o a_o total_a rout_n will_v inevitable_o follow_v if_o your_o body_n be_v retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o pursue_v you_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o two_o last_o rear_n how_o iâ—_n the_o rear_n rank_n stand_v whereof_o one_o have_v fire_v it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o right_n the_o other_o half_o by_o the_o left-hand_a march_v up_o to_o the_o van_n make_v ready_a all_o the_o while_n this_o way_n be_v much_o practise_v especial_o in_o the_o low-countries_n but_o with_o submission_n to_o their_o better_a judgement_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o more_o easy_a for_o these_o rank_n that_o have_v fire_v to_o march_v every_o man_n of_o they_o up_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o then_o step_v before_o they_o through_o these_o interval_n of_o three_o foot_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o trouble_n either_o to_o themselves_o or_o their_o neighbour_n if_o the_o service_n with_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o van_n as_o most_o it_o be_v way_n musqueteer_n after_o fire_v fall_n off_o two_o several_a way_n rank_n may_v after_o they_o have_v fire_v fall_v off_o two_o several_a way_n first_o the_o rank_n which_o have_v fire_v divide_v itself_o into_o two_o and_o the_o half_a go_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o left_a
and_o then_o they_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o of_o leader_n become_v bringers-up_a till_o another_o rank_n come_v behind_o they_o but_o i_o good_a the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o good_a will_v have_v this_o manner_n of_o fall_v off_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n for_o in_o a_o great_a body_n it_o breed_v confusion_n and_o though_o in_o drill_v it_o may_v leisurely_o be_v do_v without_o any_o considerable_a disorder_n yet_o in_o service_n with_o a_o enemy_n where_o man_n be_v fall_v it_o procure_v a_o pitiful_a embarras_n and_o though_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o good_a the_o second_o good_a give_v way_n to_o a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o fall_v off_o which_o be_v the_o second_o way_n i_o promise_v to_o tell_v you_o of_o and_o it_o be_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o of_o fall_v down_o by_o the_o interval_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o i_o will_v have_v constant_o do_v by_o turn_v to_o the_o left-hand_a after_o they_o have_v fire_v because_o after_o that_o musqueteer_n recover_v their_o match_n and_o cast_v about_o their_o musket_n to_o the_o left-side_n that_o they_o may_v charge_v again_o which_o they_o be_v a_o do_v while_o they_o fall_v off_o to_o the_o rear_n but_o â—est_n but_o not_o at_o all_o to_o fall_v off_o be_v â—est_n there_o be_v a_o three_o way_n for_o musqueteer_n to_o do_v service_n better_o than_o by_o any_o of_o these_o two_o and_o that_o be_v not_o to_o fall_v off_o at_o all_o but_o for_o every_o rank_n to_o stand_v still_o after_o it_o have_v give_v fire_n and_o make_v ready_a again_o stand_v the_o second_o advance_v immediate_o before_o the_o first_o and_o that_o have_v fire_v likewise_o the_o three_o advance_v before_o it_o and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n do_v till_o all_o have_v fire_v and_o then_o the_o first_o rank_n begin_v again_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o by_o this_o way_n of_o give_v fire_n there_o can_v be_v the_o least_o confusion_n or_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o if_o officer_n be_v but_o half_a man_n there_o be_v another_o way_n of_o fire_v sometime_o practise_v that_o be_v by_o three_o rank_n together_o the_o first_o kneel_v the_o second_o stoop_v and_o the_o three_o stand_v these_o have_v fire_v the_o other_o three_o rank_n march_v through_o the_o first_o three_o and_o in_o the_o same_o posture_n fire_n likewise_o but_o here_o i_o shall_v desire_v it_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o i_o that_o which_o indeed_o be_v undeniable_a three_o three_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o one_o time_n and_o then_o the_o other_o three_o that_o when_o the_o last_o three_o rank_n have_v fire_v the_o first_o three_o can_v be_v ready_a to_o fire_v the_o second_o time_n next_o fire_v by_o three_o rank_n at_o a_o time_n shall_v not_o be_v practise_v but_o when_o either_o the_o business_n seem_v to_o be_v desperate_a or_o that_o the_o body_n be_v so_o near_o that_o the_o pikeman_n be_v almost_o come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n and_o then_o no_o other_o use_n can_v be_v make_v of_o the_o musket_n but_o of_o the_o butt-end_n of_o it_o i_o say_v then_o once_o not_o so_o good_a as_o all_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o once_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o two_o several_a time_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v use_v for_o if_o it_o come_v to_o extremity_n it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v they_o all_o fire_n at_o once_o for_o thereby_o you_o pour_v as_o much_o lead_n in_o your_o enemy_n bosom_n at_o one_o time_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o way_n at_o two_o several_a time_n and_o thereby_o you_o do_v they_o more_o mischief_n you_o quail_v daunt_v and_o astonish_v they_o three_o time_n more_o for_o one_o long_a and_o continuate_v crack_n of_o thunder_n be_v more_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a to_o mortal_n than_o ten_o interrupt_v and_o several_a one_o though_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o ten_o be_v as_o loud_a as_o the_o long_a one_o but_o that_o i_o seem_v not_o to_o pass_v my_o word_n to_o you_o for_o this_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o authority_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o practise_v it_o at_o leipsick_a practise_a at_o leipsick_a the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a where_o after_o he_o have_v fight_v long_o and_o that_o the_o saxon_a army_n on_o his_o left-hand_a be_v beat_v by_o the_o imperialist_n he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o some_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o fire_v all_o at_o once_o by_o kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v which_o produce_v effect_n conform_v to_o his_o desire_n if_o you_o ask_v i_o how_o six_o rank_n can_v fire_v all_o at_o one_o time_n and_o level_v their_o musket_n right_a i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o foremost_a three_o it_o how_o to_o do_v it_o rank_n must_v first_o be_v double_v by_o half_a file_n and_o then_o your_o body_n consist_v but_o of_o three_o rank_n and_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o first_o be_v kneel_v of_o the_o second_o stoop_v and_o of_o the_o three_o stand_v and_o then_o you_o may_v command_v they_o all_o to_o fire_n if_o you_o command_v your_o rank_n after_o they_o have_v fire_v to_o fall_v to_o the_o rear_n any_o of_o the_o two_o way_n already_o speak_v of_o though_o you_o take_v never_o so_o good_a heed_n you_o shall_v lose_v ground_n beside_o that_o it_o have_v the_o show_n of_o a_o retreat_n but_o by_o make_v the_o rank_n successive_o go_v before_o those_o which_o have_v fire_v you_o advance_v still_o and_o gain_v ground_n in_o this_o order_n shall_v dragoon_n fight_v in_o open_a field_n when_o they_o be_v mix_v off_o how_o dragoon_n shall_v fire_v and_o fall_v off_o with_o horse_n in_o this_o order_n also_o shall_v they_o fire_v and_o advance_v when_o they_o intend_v to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n from_o a_o pass_n but_o when_o they_o be_v to_o defend_v a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n or_o a_o straight_a they_o must_v then_o after_o fire_v fall_n off_o to_o the_o rear_n by_o march_v through_o the_o interval_n of_o their_o several_a file_n because_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v they_o have_v no_o ground_n whereon_o they_o can_v advance_v martinet_n the_o french_a marshal_n de_fw-fr camp_n tell_v we_o of_o another_o manner_n of_o fire_v different_a from_o all_o these_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v as_o thus_o of_o six_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n he_o will_v have_v the_o first_o five_o to_o kneel_v the_o six_o to_o stand_v and_o fire_n first_o than_o the_o five_o to_o rise_v and_o fire_n next_o and_o consecutive_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v after_o which_o he_o will_v have_v the_o foremost_a five_o rank_n to_o kneel_v again_o till_o the_o six_o discharge_n if_o the_o service_n last_o so_o long_o by_o this_o way_n you_o can_v gain_v no_o ground_n and_o i_o think_v its_o very_a fair_a if_o you_o keep_v the_o ground_n you_o have_v for_o i_o conceive_v you_o may_v probable_o lose_v it_o and_o which_o be_v worse_o the_o rank_n which_o kneel_v before_o that_o which_o give_v fire_n may_v be_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o their_o friend_n behind_o they_o than_o of_o their_o enemy_n before_o they_o and_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o regard_n when_o man_n be_v give_v death_n to_o other_o and_o in_o expectation_n of_o the_o same_o measure_n from_o those_o who_o stand_v against_o they_o they_o be_v not_o so_o compose_v nor_o govern_v with_o so_o steady_a reason_n as_o when_o they_o be_v receive_v leisurely_o lesson_n in_o cold_a blood_n how_o to_o pour_v lead_n in_o their_o enemy_n bosom_n but_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o in_o another_o place_n perhaps_o more_o than_o become_v a_o private_a person_n since_o i_o find_v that_o manner_n of_o give_v fire_n be_v practise_v in_o the_o french_a army_n by_o order_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n in_o the_o marshal_n of_o regiment_n brigade_n company_n and_o troop_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n commander_n must_v be_v very_o cautious_a when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o enemy_n not_o to_o charge_v the_o ordinary_a form_n for_o if_o at_o that_o time_n you_o offer_v to_o introduce_v any_o new_a form_n wherewith_o your_o man_n be_v not_o acquaint_v you_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o put_v they_o in_o some_o confusion_n than_o which_o a_o enemy_n can_v desire_v a_o great_a commendable_a new_a figure_n of_o battle_n commendable_a advantage_n if_o you_o have_v a_o new_a figure_n of_o a_o battle_n in_o your_o head_n be_v sure_a to_o accustom_v your_o company_n and_o regiment_n very_o often_o by_o exercise_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o before_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o in_o earnest_n but_o by_o this_o let_v i_o not_o seem_v to_o put_v a_o restraint_n on_o any_o ingenious_a spirit_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o create_v new_a figure_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v exceed_o cherish_v by_o prince_n and_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
he_o be_v to_o advance_v his_o march_n speedy_o to_o gain_v a_o pass_n or_o advantage_n of_o ground_n or_o stop_v his_o march_n and_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v and_o if_o nothing_o else_o will_v help_v he_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n either_o front_a that_o same_o way_n as_o he_o be_v march_v or_o face_v about_o to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o be_v in_o his_o front_n or_o rear_v and_o let_v god_n dispose_v of_o the_o victory_n as_o seem_v good_a in_o his_o eye_n our_o modern_a army_n have_v march_v and_o do_v still_o march_v one_o of_o three_o several_a manner_n a_o army_n may_v â—arch_v in_o three_o several_a manner_n way_n these_o be_v first_o by_o divide_v a_o army_n into_o three_o several_a body_n vanguard_n battle_n and_o arrierguard_n second_o by_o march_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n as_o they_o use_v to_o fight_v and_o these_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n three_o all_o in_o one_o battle_n whereby_o be_v mean_v the_o half_a of_o the_o cavalry_n in_o the_o van_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o foot_n between_o they_o to_o clear_v all_o these_o three_o way_n of_o march_v let_v we_o suppose_v our_o army_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n these_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o first_o way_n thus_o in_o the_o vanguard_n body_n first_o manner_n in_o three_o body_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o these_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o horse_n to_o go_v before_o to_o search_v the_o way_n and_o discover_v that_o party_n shall_v be_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n before_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v small_a party_n send_v out_o about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n which_o shall_v constant_o acquaint_v the_o great_a party_n and_o it_o the_o brigade_n behind_o and_o so_o from_o hand_n vanguard_n vanguard_n to_o hand_n till_o the_o intelligence_n of_o all_o they_o learn_v come_v to_o the_o general_n after_o these_o forlorn_a troop_n of_o horse_n follow_v command_v musqueteer_n with_o pioner_n to_o smooth_a and_o make_v plain_a the_o way_n for_o the_o artillery_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o cut_v tree_n or_o hedge_n or_o fill_v hollow_a ground_n or_o ditch_n after_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n follow_v some_o field-piece_n suppose_v the_o half_a of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o army_n and_o some_o wagon_n load_v with_o ammunition_n immediate_o after_o they_o march_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a vanguard_n and_o behind_o it_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n so_o you_o see_v this_o vanguard_n be_v a_o petty_a army_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o battle_n in_o this_o order_n first_o two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o battle_n battle_n general_n in_o person_n attend_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o servant_n behind_o these_o the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n after_o it_o come_v in_o due_a order_n the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o to_o all_o the_o four_o brigade_n which_o compose_v the_o battle_n in_o the_o rear_n whereof_o march_v two_o more_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o sometime_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n after_o the_o battle_n come_v the_o reerguard_n of_o our_o army_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o vanguard_n for_o first_o rearguard_n rearguard_n march_v its_o baggage_n with_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n next_o follow_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n than_o some_o field-piece_n behind_o they_o the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v a_o party_n behind_o they_o at_o the_o distance_n at_o least_o of_o one_o english_a mile_n to_o give_v they_o advertisement_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v follow_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o and_o a_o very_a commendable_a manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n but_o observe_v to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n especial_o if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a these_o three_o great_a body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n if_o the_o country_n convenient_o way_n thâ—se_o three_o body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n afford_v they_o and_o this_o make_v a_o speedy_a march_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o battle_n must_v have_v two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o van_n guard_n and_o rearguard_n each_o of_o they_o but_o two_o whereas_o by_o our_o former_a marshal_v each_o of_o they_o have_v three_o when_o they_o divide_v they_o be_v appoint_v to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v whether_o that_o be_v every_o night_n or_o every_o three_o four_o or_o five_o night_n this_o be_v do_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a march_v and_o â—dgeth_v constant_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o artillery_n and_o these_o great_a officer_n who_o command_v the_o vanguard_n and_o arrierguard_n have_v major_n attend_v they_o every_o day_n and_o night_n beside_o ordinance-horseman_n to_o receive_v their_o direction_n and_o bring_v they_o speedy_o to_o they_o in_o regard_n some_o new_a intelligence_n may_v rational_o move_v they_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n or_o any_o order_n they_o give_v concern_v it_o the_o second_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o two_o body_n battle_n and_o body_n second_o manner_n in_o two_o body_n reserve_n you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o the_o army_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n which_o i_o thus_o order_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v first_o march_v 400_o command_v horse_n who_o shall_v have_v a_o small_a party_n before_o they_o to_o discover_v next_z they_o pioner_n or_o country_n people_n with_o a_o party_n of_o musqueteer_n or_o firelock_n to_o plain_a the_o way_n than_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n next_o they_o field-piece_n than_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o he_o who_o command_v by_o his_o authority_n the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n follow_v after_o who_o come_v the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o coach_n and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n and_o all_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o all_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o the_o brigade_n themselves_o march_v after_o which_o come_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o reserve_n follow_v in_o this_o order_n first_o a_o command_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o reserve_n reserve_n foot_n than_o the_o whole_a baggage_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o reserve_v next_o to_o it_o field-piece_n with_o their_o wagon_n of_o ammunition_n after_o they_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n about_o one_o english_a mile_n behind_o they_o follow_v the_o rearguard_n of_o command_a horse_n these_o two_o great_a body_n for_o expedition_n way_n these_o two_o body_n may_v march_v two_o several_a way_n sake_n may_v likewise_o march_v two_o several_a way_n if_o the_o general_n have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o join_v when_o he_o give_v order_n for_o it_o observe_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o battle_n be_v the_o reserve_v and_o the_o reserve_n be_v the_o battle_n and_o consequent_o more_o brigade_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n than_o in_o the_o van_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n at_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n march_v be_v when_o it_o neither_o march_v in_o two_o body_n three_o manner_n in_o one_o body_n nor_o three_o distinct_a body_n but_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v let_v i_o then_o once_o more_o refresh_v your_o memory_n by_o tell_v you_o our_o army_n consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n march_v first_o and_o make_v the_o vanguard_n these_o have_v before_o they_o command_v horse_n pioner_n and_o musqueteer_n as_o the_o other_o have_v then_o follow_v four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o general_n after_o they_o next_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n with_o his_o whole_a train_n after_o it_o march_v the_o other_o four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n compose_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o army_n the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n in_o a_o march_n the_o van_fw-mi if_o in_o both_o necessity_n will_v force_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o without_o apparent_a danger_n it_o shall_v constant_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o disadvantage_n be_v but_o small_a that_o the_o brigade_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o van_n have_v and_o withal_o they_o have_v but_o their_o turn_n of_o it_o that_o they_o must_v wait_v very_o long_o at_o night_n till_o their_o baggage_n come_v from_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v but_o small_a i_o say_v if_o you_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o great_a prejudice_n the_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n suffer_v by_o have_v the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n which_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n benight_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o baggage_n that_o be_v order_v to_o march_v before_o they_o two_o three_o sometime_o five_o hour_n whereas_o if_o that_o baggage_n have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o way_n they_o may_v have_v reach_v their_o quarter_n seasonable_o enough_o but_o there_o be_v a_o worse_a thing_n in_o it_o than_o that_o when_o upon_o the_o unexpected_a appearance_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o van_n the_o brigade_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rearguard_n be_v sudden_o call_v up_o they_o be_v not_o able_a â—â—_o advance_v for_o the_o unavoidable_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n that_o be_v before_o they_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o middle_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o infantry_n a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a gun_n and_o train_n and_o the_o general_n secretary_n and_o cabinet_n with_o his_o paper_n and_o for_o most_o of_o he_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n coach_n especial_o if_o their_o lady_n be_v in_o they_o and_o there_o i_o think_v these_o shall_v constant_o march_v but_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o all_o other_o baggage_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o that_o priority_n or_o precedency_n the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o march_n and_o these_o shall_v change_v every_o day_n that_o who_o be_v in_o the_o van_n one_o day_n may_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o that_o all_o may_v participate_v equal_o of_o the_o ease_n or_o toil_n of_o a_o march_n be_v where_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_v shall_v be_v what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o place_n where_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a soldier_n who_o if_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o some_o secure_a or_o fortify_v place_n shall_v be_v bring_v forward_o though_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o owner_n for_o that_o use_n and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v send_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n or_o convoy_n when_o ground_n will_v permit_v the_o brigade_n of_o a_o army_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o march_v in_o one_o breast_n or_o front_n there_o be_v a_o question_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o same_o distance_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v when_o a_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o battel-order_n that_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o brigades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o so_o the_o second_o will_v have_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o marshal_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o but_o that_o can_v make_v i_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n as_o i_o willing_o do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o the_o reason_n produce_v against_o it_o i_o say_v to_o think_v that_o a_o brigade_n all_o in_o one_o breast_n and_o march_v direct_o behind_o another_o though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n can_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n on_o the_o left_a examine_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n examine_v hand_n of_o another_o without_o some_o turn_n or_o wheel_v be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n and_o i_o say_v more_o let_v a_o brigade_n march_v in_o three_o squad_n at_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o you_o will_v the_o second_o shall_v not_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o without_o some_o wheel_a and_o if_o a_o small_a body_n can_v do_v it_o much_o less_o can_v a_o great_a and_o practice_n will_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o and_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o march_n of_o brigade_n in_o the_o field_n as_o i_o have_v do_v often_o than_o once_o this_o opinion_n than_o vanish_v unless_o they_o who_o follow_v it_o bring_v a_o better_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o no_o small_a one_o the_o observe_v this_o rule_n will_v bring_v along_o with_o it_o in_o a_o march_n i_o speak_v still_o when_o brigade_n march_v all_o in_o one_o front_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o that_o rate_n there_o shall_v be_v such_o avast_o distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o army_n into_o two_o three_o or_o more_o body_n and_o march_v several_a way_n to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o he_o be_v in_o your_o rear_n and_o that_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v divide_v so_o you_o keep_v good_a order_n facilitate_v your_o retreat_n the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a captain_n order_v that_o in_o a_o march_n when_o one_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a partition_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifty_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o only_o eighty_o foot_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o these_o prince_n cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n in_o three_o great_a body_n van_n guard_n battle_n and_o rearguard_n and_o those_o they_o call_v tercias_n or_o tersos_fw-la a_o spanish_a word_n which_o signify_v three_o and_o so_o the_o spaniard_n call_v their_o regiment_n of_o old_a and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v they_o do_v so_o still_o these_o tersos_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v indeed_o grand_a brigade_n and_o these_o have_v maâ—â—rs_n who_o be_v call_v major_n of_o the_o brigade_n beside_o major_n of_o regiment_n and_o in_o a_o march_n the_o prince_n allow_v no_o great_a distance_n between_o these_o great_a body_n but_o a_o hundred_o or_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n at_o most_o and_o herein_o they_o do_v not_o quadrate_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a captain_n who_o will_v have_v as_o great_a a_o distance_n between_o brigade_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o brigade_n be_v which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o be_v very_o many_o time_n a_o thousand_o foot_n though_o sometime_o less_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o such_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o very_a nine_o interval_n between_o the_o ten_o brigade_n take_v up_o nine_o thousand_o foot_n near_o two_o italian_a mile_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a there_o will_v be_v several_a mile_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n but_o the_o reason_n bring_v by_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o judgement_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a by_o a_o visible_a practice_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o go_v over_o a_o pass_n a_o water_n or_o a_o bridge_n the_o whole_a straight_a to_o march_v over_o a_o pass_n or_o a_o straight_a body_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o march_v very_o close_o lose_v something_o of_o their_o ordinary_a distance_n that_o one_o brigade_n or_o batallion_n be_v past_a another_o may_v immediate_o follow_v without_o intermission_n captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n say_v at_o the_o pass_v a_o strait_a a_o army_n shall_v make_v a_o halt_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o so_o many_o in_o breast_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o encamp_a of_o a_o army_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n require_v a_o orderly_a time_n to_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v for_o a_o long_a time_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o ordinary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o several_a accident_n and_o emergement_n such_o as_o these_o when_o a_o enemy_n come_v unexpected_o who_o strength_n and_o design_n be_v not_o know_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o he_o will_v preserve_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n himself_o or_o to_o his_o friend_n or_o that_o he_o have_v win_v it_o from_o his_o enemy_n when_o the_o pestilence_n or_o other_o
hand_n of_o the_o battle_n before_o the_o battle_n begin_v there_o use_v to_o be_v fore-party_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o hope_n forlorn_a hope_n foot_n send_v out_o to_o skirmish_n these_o be_v call_v forlorn_a hope_n and_o enfans_fw-fr perdues_z those_o of_o the_o foot_n shall_v advance_v one_o hundred_o pace_n before_o the_o body_n those_o of_o the_o horse_n further_o but_o i_o find_v at_o the_o battle_n fight_v both_o at_o dreux_n and_o st._n dennis_n between_o the_o protestant_n and_o roman_a catholic_n of_o france_n none_o of_o those_o forlorn_a hope_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o and_o as_o few_o be_v use_v at_o lutsen_n where_o gustavus_n adolphus_n lose_v his_o life_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v marshal_v his_o army_n your_o artillery_n shall_v incessant_o enemy_n to_o advance_v on_o a_o enemy_n play_v upon_o he_o to_o hinder_v he_o all_o you_o may_v to_o order_v his_o affair_n and_o if_o your_o battle_n be_v already_o marshal_v under_o the_o shelter_n of_o your_o ordnance_n you_o shall_v advance_v and_o take_v your_o advantage_n of_o he_o before_o his_o batallion_n or_o squadron_n be_v draw_v up_o but_o in_o so_o good_a order_n that_o the_o scene_n be_v not_o change_v that_o by_o your_o precipitation_n you_o give_v not_o he_o a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v advantage_n of_o you_o your_o advance_n on_o a_o enemy_n in_o what_o posture_n soever_o he_o be_v shall_v be_v with_o a_o constant_a firm_a and_o steady_a pace_n the_o musketeer_n whether_o they_o be_v on_o the_o flank_n or_o interline_v with_o either_o the_o horse_n or_o the_o pike_n fire_v all_o the_o while_n but_o when_o you_o come_v within_o pistol-shot_n you_o shall_v double_v your_o pace_n till_o your_o pike_n close_o ser_v together_o charge_v these_o whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n who_o they_o find_v before_o they_o it_o be_v true_a the_o business_n very_o oft_o come_v not_o to_o push_v of_o pike_n but_o it_o have_v and_o may_v come_v oft_o to_o it_o and_o then_o pike-man_n be_v very_o serviceable_a if_o a_o misfortune_n fall_v out_o that_o a_o brigade_n regiment_n or_o other_o part_n of_o a_o army_n be_v beat_v or_o begin_v to_o run_v and_o quit_v the_o field_n this_o shall_v be_v conceal_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o soldier_n tell_v that_o the_o enemy_n in_o other_o place_n be_v beat_v and_o if_o they_o fight_v but_o a_o little_a the_o victory_n will_v be_v instant_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o what_o advantage_n a_o large_a front_n be_v have_v do_v it_o so_o often_o before_o but_o if_o a_o general_n perceive_v that_o the_o business_n may_v be_v quick_o decide_v rankâ—_n to_o marshal_v the_o foot_n in_o three_o rankâ—_n i_o think_v he_o shall_v double_v the_o front_n of_o his_o foot_n and_o make_v but_o three_o rank_n where_o former_o they_o be_v six_o and_o so_o be_v able_a to_o out-wing_n his_o enemy_n he_o may_v fall_v on_o his_o flank_n for_o at_o no_o extraordinary_a march_n a_o army_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n before_o three_o rank_n of_o musketeer_n have_v fire_v successive_o if_o they_o do_v not_o begin_v to_o fire_n till_o they_o be_v within_o distance_n less_o than_o musket-shot_a and_o after_o they_o have_v give_v their_o three_o volley_n than_o they_o may_v give_v the_o four_o which_o will_v signify_v as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o than_o all_o the_o three_o by_o kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o chapter_n when_o any_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n run_v or_o offer_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n the_o reserve_v behind_o shall_v be_v order_v immediate_o to_o advance_v and_o encounter_v the_o victorious_a enemy_n who_o will_v hardly_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v that_o fresh_a charge_n for_o it_o may_v be_v almost_o receive_v as_o a_o maxim_n that_o a_o troop_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n infallible_a a_o good_a rule_n but_o not_o infallible_a how_o strong_a soever_o it_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v with_o and_o beat_v that_o body_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o stand_v against_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o rout_v by_o a_o troop_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n that_o have_v not_o fight_v though_o far_o inferior_a in_o number_n if_o any_o part_n of_o a_o army_n get_v the_o victory_n of_o those_o who_o stand_v against_o it_o he_o who_o command_v that_o part_n aught_o to_o send_v some_o troop_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o rout_v enemy_n and_o neglect_n not_o to_o fall_v on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o enemy_n a_o great_a neglect_n with_o the_o rest_n fall_v on_o the_o flank_n of_o that_o batallion_n which_o stand_v next_o he_o and_o yet_o keep_v ground_n the_o neglect_n of_o this_o duty_n lose_v the_o famous_a general_n count_n tili_n the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a for_o himself_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n beat_v the_o duke_n of_o saxe_n and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o field_n who_o tili_n hot_o pursue_v do_v not_o fall_v on_o the_o left_a flank_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n leave_v naked_a inflance_v inflance_v by_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o at_o that_o same_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o his_o own_o army_n have_v rout_v count_n pappenheim_n who_o victory_n the_o do_v it_o contribute_v to_o the_o victory_n command_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o imperialist_n upon_o which_o that_o martial_a king_n do_v not_o fail_v to_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o imperial_a battle_n which_o be_v leave_v naked_a by_o pappenheim_n flight_n and_o this_o help_v to_o procure_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o sweed_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o another_o place_n banier_n right_a wing_n be_v well_o near_o beat_v at_o woodstock_n nor_o do_v the_o reserve_n come_v so_o soon_o to_o his_o succour_n about_o that_o same_o instance_a instance_a time_n lieutenant_n general_n king_n have_v rout_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n and_o with_o it_o bear_v down_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o their_o reserve_n and_o â—â—ll_v on_o the_o right_a flank_n of_o their_o battle_n which_o yet_o dispute_v their_o ground_n with_o felt-marshal_n leslie_n who_o thereupon_o cast_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o yield_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o mention_v this_o victory_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o advertise_v all_o officer_n of_o foot_n not_o to_o teach_v their_o musketeer_n to_o neglect_v the_o use_n of_o their_o rammer_n a_o lesson_n too_o often_o teach_v and_o practise_v for_o at_o this_o bartel_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o imperial_a foot_n be_v on_o a_o hill_n up_o which_o leslie_n advance_v with_o his_o infantry_n but_o neither_o he_o nor_o the_o imperial_a musketer_n make_v use_v of_o rammer_n only_o as_o the_o common_a custom_n be_v when_o they_o charge_v with_o ball_n they_o knock_v the_o butt_n of_o their_o musket_n at_o their_o right_a foot_n by_o which_o mean_v most_o of_o the_o bullet_n of_o the_o imperial_a and_o saxish_a fire-man_n fall_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o musket_n when_o they_o present_v they_o down_o the_o hill_n upon_o the_o sweed_n who_o bullet_n can_v not_o run_v that_o fortune_n be_v present_v upward_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o few_o of_o the_o sweedish_a foot_n fall_v when_o a_o reserve_v or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o advance_v those_o who_o flee_v have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o rally_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o second_v the_o reserve_v and_o though_o rally_v to_o rally_v rally_v at_o so_o near_o a_o distance_n be_v not_o frequent_o see_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o banish_v out_o of_o the_o modern_a war_n or_o army_n at_o dreux_n both_o army_n rally_v twice_o or_o thrice_o with_o various_a success_n the_o general_n of_o both_o army_n be_v both_o make_v prisoner_n and_o at_o lutsen_n both_o army_n rally_v often_o for_o they_o fight_v from_o morning_n till_o night_n must_v of_o the_o imperial_a cannon_n be_v twice_o take_v be_v as_o oft_o retake_v enemy_n fresh_a succour_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n discourage_v a_o enemy_n some_o great_a captain_n have_v think_v it_o fit_a in_o time_n of_o battle_n to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o their_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o if_o they_o be_v succour_n new_o arrive_v and_o certain_o nothing_o terrify_v a_o army_n more_o in_o time_n of_o equal_a sight_n than_o a_o unexpected_a enemy_n as_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n fortunate_a arrival_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n between_o godfrey_n of_o bovillon_n and_o instance_n instance_n the_o saracen_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n deliver_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o christian_n but_o these_o feign_a muster_n of_o baggage-man_n and_o carriage-horse_n produce_v not_o always_o happy_a false_a show_v sometime_o happy_a the_o wish_a effect_n sulpitius_n a_o roman_a dictator_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o gaul_n order_v
masterpiece_n of_o a_o captain_n be_v to_o make_v a_o retreat_n to_o take_v a_o fortify_v place_n captain_n four_o masterpiece_n of_o a_o great_a captain_n and_o to_o defend_v one_o of_o the_o first_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o this_o of_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o two_o follow_a chapter_n here_o i_o be_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o those_o petty_a retreat_n which_o party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n make_v purposely_o dissemble_v fear_n to_o make_v a_o unwary_a enemy_n follow_v too_o eager_o till_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o ambush_n prepare_v to_o entrap_v he_o as_o be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o skirmish_n when_o two_o army_n face_n each_o other_o or_o in_o battle_n when_o they_o fight_v or_o when_o either_o a_o army_n or_o a_o strong_a party_n face_v a_o town_n whether_o it_o be_v block_v up_o or_o not_o but_o this_o discourse_n be_v of_o the_o retreat_n of_o a_o army_n from_o the_o post_n it_o once_o undertake_v to_o maintain_v from_o the_o country_n through_o which_o it_o once_o intend_v to_o march_v or_o from_o the_o town_n castle_n or_o fort_n which_o it_o once_o intend_v to_o besiege_v or_o block_n up_o the_o occasion_n of_o retreat_n may_v be_v these_o pestilence_n flux_n or_o other_o contagious_a retreat_n occasion_n and_o reason_n of_o retreat_n disease_n in_o the_o army_n want_v of_o provision_n and_o munition_n the_o approach_n of_o a_o unexpected_a or_o a_o strong_a enemy_n some_o disorder_n discontent_n or_o mutiny_n or_o just_a apprehension_n of_o they_o the_o courageous_a or_o sometime_o obstinate_a hold_v out_o of_o a_o fortify_v place_n contrary_a to_o expectation_n the_o sudden_a diminution_n of_o the_o army_n by_o some_o accident_n of_o war_n not_o foresee_v or_o to_o join_v with_o those_o force_n who_o be_v come_v to_o strengthen_v the_o army_n which_o conjunction_n without_o such_o a_o retreat_n may_v be_v hinder_v by_o a_o active_a enemy_n or_o though_o none_o of_o those_o be_v yet_o he_o who_o command_v a_o army_n often_o retire_v for_o reason_n know_v only_o to_o himself_o or_o when_o he_o think_v it_o not_o conducible_a for_o his_o master_n service_n to_o hazard_v battle_n with_o a_o enemy_n though_o no_o strong_a perhaps_o not_o so_o strong_a as_o himself_o to_o make_v a_o retreat_n from_o a_o advancing_z enemy_n or_o from_o army_n who_o conjunction_n can_v be_v hinder_v be_v not_o at_o all_o difficult_a if_o he_o who_o be_v to_o make_v it_o time_n retreat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o time_n have_v so_o good_a intelligence_n as_o he_o may_v begin_v it_o in_o time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v bad_a or_o uncertain_a or_o that_o his_o scout_n and_o party_n disappoint_v he_o nothing_o be_v more_o difficult_a and_o in_o this_o place_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o my_o discourse_n of_o intelligence_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o order_n be_v give_v and_o obey_v with_o so_o great_a haste_n and_o confusion_n that_o the_o march_n look_v rather_o like_o a_o flight_n than_o a_o retreat_n and_o this_o have_v ruin_v many_o army_n and_o load_v their_o general_n with_o dishonour_n and_o disgrace_n if_o for_o want_n of_o good_a intelligence_n a_o enemy_n come_v unlooked_a for_o or_o that_o a_o general_n have_v fight_v with_o loss_n in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o retreat_n shall_v begin_v in_o the_o night_n it_o be_v true_a all_o retreat_n infuse_v fear_n in_o a_o army_n which_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o darkness_n and_o horror_n of_o the_o night_n and_o therefore_o the_o common_a soldier_n shall_v be_v encourage_v and_o tell_v by_o their_o several_a officer_n that_o the_o retreat_n will_v be_v but_o of_o a_o short_a continuance_n and_o that_o if_o a_o enemy_n follow_v they_o will_v face_v about_o and_o fight_v he_o but_o withal_o very_o strict_a and_o severe_a discipline_n shall_v be_v keep_v that_o none_o straggle_v for_o in_o such_o occasion_n they_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o run_v away_o and_o indeed_o at_o some_o time_n and_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v better_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n than_o to_o offer_v to_o retire_v for_o if_o a_o army_n must_v be_v lose_v it_o be_v do_v night_n to_o begin_v a_o retreat_n in_o the_o night_n with_o more_o honour_n by_o the_o first_o than_o by_o the_o last_o but_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o and_o a_o retreat_n be_v resolve_v on_o it_o shall_v i_o say_v begin_v in_o the_o night_n because_o in_o the_o day_n time_n it_o will_v be_v see_v and_o then_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o a_o enemy_n will_v be_v so_o supine_o negligent_a as_o not_o to_o follow_v the_o rear_n immediate_o but_o though_o one_o enemy_n know_v of_o another_o dislodging_n yet_o he_o will_v be_v very_o cautious_a to_o pursue_v he_o in_o the_o night_n time_n have_v just_a reason_n to_o fear_v ambush_n and_o other_o stratagem_n and_o if_o a_o retire_a army_n get_v the_o advantage_n of_o one_o night_n march_v he_o who_o command_v it_o may_v next_o day_n possess_v himself_o of_o some_o fortify_v place_n or_o pass_v and_o thereby_o be_v able_a to_o force_v he_o who_o follow_v to_o stand_v and_o then_o he_o may_v advise_v whether_o retire_v in_o some_o case_n better_a fight_n than_o retire_v it_o will_v be_v more_o convenient_a for_o his_o affair_n to_o continue_v his_o retreat_n or_o to_o fight_v and_o many_o time_n this_o last_o succeed_v well_o but_o sometime_o it_o succeed_v ill_a but_o i_o say_v still_o better_a fight_n than_o still_o retire_v when_o the_o retreat_n can_v probable_o be_v make_v without_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o army_n a_o champain_n or_o a_o long_a heath_n a_o numerous_a cavalry_n of_o a_o pursue_a enemy_n the_o weariness_n of_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n of_o the_o retire_a army_n hunger_n and_o want_n of_o sleep_n very_o often_o render_v the_o fight_v a_o battle_n more_o feasible_a than_o a_o retreat_n cornelius_n arvina_n a_o roman_a dictator_n perceive_v the_o sabine_n will_v storm_v his_o camp_n not_o yet_o well_o fortify_v leave_v his_o fire_n all_o burn_a and_o retire_v in_o the_o dead_a time_n of_o the_o night_n instance_n instance_n with_o all_o imaginable_a silence_n and_o diligence_n but_o be_v overtake_v next_o morning_n and_o see_v he_o can_v not_o make_v his_o retreat_n good_a without_o a_o visible_a loss_n face_v about_o and_o fight_v with_o success_n cneius_n scipio_n speed_v not_o so_o well_o because_o he_o fight_v not_o in_o time_n this_o consul_n perceive_v three_o army_n against_o he_o in_o spain_n retire_v in_o the_o night_n time_n next_o day_n the_o enemy_n cavalry_n be_v in_o his_o rear_n with_o who_o he_o only_o skirmish_v but_o that_o retard_v his_o march_n so_o much_o that_o the_o carthaginian_a infantry_n reach_v he_o at_o night_n before_o he_o can_v entrench_v himself_o he_o fight_v they_o but_o be_v beat_v and_o kill_v but_o if_o he_o have_v face_v about_o in_o the_o day_n time_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o fight_v the_o enemy_n cavalry_n he_o know_v not_o what_o effect_n it_o may_v have_v produce_v philip_n of_o macedon_n be_v worsted_n by_o the_o roman_n retire_v in_o the_o night_n time_n to_o the_o mountain_n and_o thereafter_o present_v they_o battle_n let_v we_o brief_o sum_n up_o some_o of_o hannibal_n retreat_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o from_o he_o for_o they_o will_v very_o apt_o show_v the_o benefit_n and_o safety_n of_o night-retreat_n after_o this_o great_a carthaginian_a have_v fight_v marcellus_n at_o numistrâ—_n with_o equal_a he_o hannibal_n retreat_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o from_o he_o fortune_n know_v his_o own_o want_n he_o dislodge_v in_o the_o night_n and_o retire_v marcellus_n know_v it_o but_o dare_v not_o follow_v he_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o ambush_n next_o year_n marcellus_n seek_v out_o his_o redoubt_a enemy_n find_v he_o at_o canusium_n fight_v with_o he_o and_o be_v beat_v but_o fight_v the_o next_o day_n and_o do_v beat_v hannibal_n into_o his_o camp_n out_o of_o which_o he_o retire_v that_o same_o night_n marcellus_n not_o dare_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o bruâ—ian_a country_n the_o consul_n sempronius_n be_v worsted_n by_o hannibal_n and_o get_v he_o to_o his_o camp_n and_o in_o the_o night_n with_o great_a silence_n retire_v and_o join_v with_o the_o proconsul_n licinius_n return_n fight_v the_o carthaginian_a and_z defeat_v he_o and_o he_o in_o the_o night_n retire_v with_o safety_n to_o croton_n julius_n caesar_n intend_v to_o march_v away_o from_o pompey_n to_o appollâ—nia_n send_v away_o his_o sick_a man_n and_o baggage_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n well_o guard_v with_o a_o pompey_n caesar_n retrâ—â—â—_n from_o pompey_n legion_n at_o the_o four_o watch_n he_o send_v away_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n except_z two_o legion_n and_o the_o cavalry_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v go_v to_o save_v a_o punctilio_fw-la of_o honour_n he_o cause_v a_o march_n to_o be_v sound_v
fellow_n will_v be_v hire_v with_o money_n to_o go_v through_o the_o strict_a close_a and_o best_a guard_a approach_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o do_v in_o time_n of_o a_o sally_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o if_o the_o intelligencer_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o governor_n concern_v the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o return_n another_o sally_n be_v make_v for_o his_o reception_n at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o desperate_a sally_n at_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o dangerous_a breach_n at_o the_o work_n of_o retrench_v in_o time_n of_o a_o furious_a cannonade_n or_o when_o a_o assault_n be_v assure_o expect_v a_o largess_n of_o money_n with_o large_a promise_n of_o more_o have_v a_o wonderful_a influence_n upon_o the_o heart_n of_o soldier_n nor_o shall_v a_o governor_n spare_v in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o inhabitant_n a_o governor_n may_v borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o if_o they_o be_v disaffect_v he_o may_v force_v they_o to_o lend_v and_o if_o they_o be_v friend_n it_o will_v not_o be_v time_n for_o they_o to_o hoard_v up_o their_o money_n when_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v all_o as_o the_o unhappy_a constantinopolitan_o do_v when_o sultan_n mahomet_n take_v their_o city_n by_o assault_n the_o four_o and_o five_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o garrison_n be_v munition_n of_o war_n ammunition_n ammunition_n and_o arms._n powder_n match_n and_o ball_n shall_v be_v frugal_o husband_v or_o free_o spend_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o store_n wherewith_o the_o fort_n be_v provide_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v lavish_v away_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o time_n of_o zap_n batteries_n gallery_n and_o assault_n but_o no_o needless_a waste_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o for_o this_o purpose_n a_o considerable_a magazine_n of_o ammunition_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o all_o fort_n especial_o in_o frontier_n garrison_n where_o the_o attack_z of_o a_o enemy_n be_v soon_o expect_v for_o many_o time_n to_o supply_v this_o want_n great_a hazard_n be_v run_v to_o convoy_n horse_n man_n into_o the_o besiege_a place_n who_o carry_v leather_n bag_n full_a of_o powder_n on_o the_o croup_n of_o their_o horse_n our_o fort_n shall_v likewise_o be_v provide_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n defensive_a and_o offensive_a pike_n half-pike_n halberd_n partisan_n two-handed_a sword_n hangman_n arms._n arms._n sword_n morning-star_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o firework_n and_o hand-granadoe_n for_o resist_v a_o storm_n against_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v prepare_v also_o huge_a balk_n and_o log_n of_o timber_n tie_v to_o post_n with_o rope_n or_o chain_n to_o let_v fall_v over_o and_o pull_v up_o again_o for_o these_o as_o likewise_o a_o great_a number_n of_o great_a and_o lesser_a stone_n do_v good_a service_n in_o time_n of_o assault_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v mount_v either_o the_o curtain_n or_o bulwark_n and_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o shot_n unless_o from_o the_o flank_n which_o for_o most_o part_n be_v make_v useless_a by_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n before_o the_o assault_n we_o read_v even_o since_o the_o invention_n of_o powder_n what_o use_v our_o ancestor_n make_v of_o melt_a lead_n scald_a water_n and_o boil_a oil_n in_o time_n of_o assault_n at_o which_o lovis_n the_o montgomery_n in_o his_o french_a milece_n make_v good_a sport_n and_o say_v the_o defendant_n have_v as_o good_a throw_v handful_n of_o ash_n at_o their_o enemy_n but_o i_o be_o nothing_o opinion_n lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomery_n his_o opinion_n of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o experience_n be_v silent_a both_o reason_n and_o sense_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o fire_n do_v more_o hurt_n than_o ash_n and_o be_v not_o burn_v fire_n in_o all_o these_o i_o speak_v of_o scald_a water_n no_o question_n do_v mischief_n and_o may_v be_v use_v with_o no_o other_o expense_n than_o fire_n but_o lead_v and_o oil_n be_v chargeable_a and_o may_v i_o think_v be_v employ_v for_o better_a and_o more_o proper_a use_n the_o six_o and_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o requisite_a and_o necessary_a thing_n for_o a_o besiege_a mouth_n munition_n for_o the_o mouth_n place_n be_v munition_n for_o the_o mouth_n without_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n signify_v nothing_o what_o several_a provision_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n presuppose_v there_o be_v water_n enough_o in_o the_o fort_n be_v necessary_a for_o a_o garrison_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n where_o i_o have_v discourse_v of_o proviant_a the_o question_n be_v now_o what_o quantity_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v store_v up_o in_o a_o garrison_n that_o apprehend_v a_o siege_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v that_o six_o month_n provision_n be_v enough_o and_o drink_n for_o how_o long_o time_n a_o town_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o these_o lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomery_n be_v one_o because_o say_v they_o in_o that_o time_n either_o the_o winter_n season_n will_v force_v the_o besieger_n to_o remove_v or_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v attempt_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o belong_v but_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n the_o contrary_a of_o both_o though_o we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n other_o speak_v of_o three_o year_n provision_n and_o this_o do_v well_o but_o the_o governor_n when_o he_o be_v not_o besiege_v shall_v every_o year_n lie_v in_o one_o year_n fresh_a provision_n cause_v the_o soldier_n to_o eat_v and_o pay_v for_o that_o which_o be_v old_a i_o believe_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o a_o garrison_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o meat_n and_o drink_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n at_o least_o and_o no_o soon_o shall_v a_o provident_a governor_n foresee_v or_o apprehend_v a_o siege_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v many_o ground_n for_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o he_o shall_v command_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o provide_v themselves_o of_o a_o â—â—â—â—_o citizen_n to_o provide_v a_o year_n â—â—â—â—_o whole_a year_n food_n and_o maintenance_n that_o his_o public_a store_n may_v be_v preserve_v for_o the_o soldiery_n and_o all_o citizen_n who_o be_v either_o unable_a or_o unwilling_a to_o do_v so_o as_o also_o all_o unnecessary_a people_n shall_v be_v command_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o town_n or_o fort._n but_o after_o a_o place_n be_v invest_v and_o the_o siege_n form_v it_o be_v i_o think_v a_o act_n of_o inhumanity_n to_o thrust_v out_o the_o inhabitant_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v time_n to_o provide_v themselves_o yea_o i_o think_v it_o be_v more_o mercy_n to_o cut_v their_o throat_n within_o than_o to_o send_v they_o out_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o enemy_n will_v suffer_v they_o to_o pass_v but_o will_v force_v they_o back_o to_o the_o town-ditche_n where_o they_o may_v lamentable_o languish_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n such_o a_o action_n as_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v a_o eternal_a blemish_n to_o the_o reputation_n of_o monluc_n that_o famous_a marshal_n of_o monluc_n a_o merciless_a act_n of_o marshal_n monluc_n france_n who_o after_o sienna_n whereof_o he_o be_v governor_n have_v be_v strict_o besiege_v shut_v out_o of_o the_o city_n four_o thousand_o inhabitant_n man_n and_o woman_n young_a and_o old_a the_o marquis_n of_o martignan_n who_o command_v the_o emperor_n and_o cosmo_n di_fw-fr medici_n force_n cause_v all_o these_o miserable_a wretch_n to_o be_v chase_v back_o to_o the_o ditch_n monluc_n will_v receive_v none_o of_o they_o within_o the_o town_n some_o lusty_a strong_a fellow_n break_v through_o martignan_n trench_n and_o escape_v many_o woman_n and_o maid_n be_v private_o contrary_a to_o the_o marquis_n his_o command_n take_v into_o tent_n and_o hut_n to_o satiate_v the_o lust_n of_o the_o spaniard_n but_o there_o dye_v of_o they_o of_o mere_a hunger_n near_o three_o thousand_o upon_o this_o woeful_a occasion_n the_o same_o monluc_n in_o his_o commentary_n have_v this_o expression_n these_o be_v say_v he_o the_o merciless_a law_n of_o war_n we_o must_v be_v many_o time_n cruel_a to_o disappoint_v our_o enemy_n god_n be_v merciful_a to_o we_o for_o do_v so_o great_a mischief_n indeed_o he_o have_v reason_n to_o cry_v for_o god_n mercy_n for_o commit_v so_o horrible_a a_o wickedness_n but_o in_o what_o codex_fw-la do_v he_o read_v of_o such_o a_o law_n of_o war_n nay_o where_o do_v he_o hear_v of_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o war_n strange_a it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o expel_v and_o expose_v those_o to_o a_o merciless_a death_n who_o he_o nor_o none_o else_o have_v appoint_v to_o provide_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o who_o he_o may_v have_v expel_v before_o the_o siege_n be_v form_v that_o they_o may_v have_v shift_v for_o themselves_o or_o beg_v through_o italy_n for_o bread_n if_o ever_o
inheritance_n and_o office_n and_o dignity_n except_o they_o be_v military_a without_o the_o prince_n his_o express_a warrant_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o this_o assertion_n be_v ground_v on_o just_a reason_n and_o yet_o that_o prince_n of_o orange_n general_n for_o the_o emperor_n who_o total_o rout_v the_o french_a in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n dispose_v of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o most_o of_o those_o who_o be_v of_o the_o french_a faction_n to_o his_o captain_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o distribute_v the_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o crown_n among_o they_o and_o though_o his_o master_n charles_n the_o five_o do_v much_o dislike_n of_o the_o prince_n his_o encroach_a on_o his_o prerogative_n yet_o that_o wise_a prince_n ratify_v all_o that_o orange_n have_v do_v as_o know_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v for_o sovereign_n not_o to_o approve_v of_o what_o their_o general_n transact_v in_o their_o name_n for_o if_o that_o be_v not_o do_v who_o either_o dare_v can_v or_o will_v make_v any_o capitulation_n with_o a_o general_n who_o agreement_n be_v it_o never_o so_o authentic_a and_o solemn_a may_v be_v call_v in_o question_n and_o revoke_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o serve_v what_o a_o captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n may_v do_v in_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o do_v what_o subaltern_a officer_n do_v like_a power_n have_v those_o who_o be_v subordinate_a to_o he_o when_o they_o command_v apart_o and_o be_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o some_o wing_n or_o brigades_n of_o the_o army_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o general_n and_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o his_o assent_n and_o approbation_n can_v be_v get_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n or_o conveniency_n of_o the_o affair_n require_v as_o suppose_v a_o major_a general_n or_o colonel_n be_v send_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n before_o the_o army_n this_o be_v no_o great_a distance_n to_o force_v a_o pass_n which_o those_o within_o it_o offer_v to_o give_v over_o provide_v they_o be_v secure_v by_o article_n to_o march_v away_o in_o safety_n it_o be_v not_o time_n to_o send_v to_o the_o general_n suppose_v he_o have_v a_o enemy_n in_o his_o rear_n for_o his_o assent_n the_o major_a general_n or_o colonel_n may_v do_v it_o which_o the_o general_n be_v bind_v to_o ratify_v general_n shall_v be_v ratify_v by_o a_o general_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o a_o hundred_o case_n more_o nay_o further_o if_o that_o subordinate_a or_o inferior_a officer_n grant_v a_o agreement_n to_o a_o enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o private_a instruction_n he_o have_v from_o his_o prince_n or_o general_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o which_o do_v exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o his_o office_n and_o function_n the_o prince_n and_o general_n be_v oblige_v to_o ratify_v it_o indeed_o they_o may_v punish_v he_o for_o his_o transgression_n to_o which_o the_o party_n with_o who_o he_o capitulate_v do_v contribute_v nothing_o and_o therefore_o must_v not_o suffer_v for_o his_o trespass_n as_o suppose_v a_o major_a general_n have_v a_o little_a town_n yield_v to_o he_o by_o accord_n whereby_o he_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v to_o a_o place_n of_o great_a importance_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o general_n intend_v to_o besiege_v and_o have_v private_o forbid_v the_o major_a general_n to_o make_v any_o such_o agreement_n they_o may_v punish_v he_o for_o his_o presumption_n but_o be_v bind_v either_o to_o suffer_v the_o garrison_n to_o enjoy_v their_o article_n or_o at_o worst_a to_o go_v back_o to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v let_v we_o sum_n up_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o particular_a in_o one_o instance_n of_o hannibal_n and_o maharbal_n and_o it_o will_v quadrate_n very_o fit_o with_o the_o subject_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o story_n be_v this_o after_o the_o roman_n werebeat_fw-la at_o the_o lake_n thrasimenus_n hannibal_n send_v maharbal_n roman_n maharbal_n agreement_n with_o 6000_o roman_n to_o pursue_v the_o victory_n seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n at_z or_o near_o which_o hannibal_n stay_v maharbal_n find_v six_o thousand_o roman_n in_o a_o body_n ready_a to_o accept_v of_o liberty_n if_o grant_v they_o to_o return_v to_o rome_n otherwise_o to_o sell_v their_o life_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n the_o carthaginian_a thought_n it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v the_o loss_n of_o number_n of_o his_o own_o man_n on_o so_o strong_a and_o so_o desperate_a a_o party_n and_o therefore_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v deliver_v their_o arm_n and_o then_o have_v liberty_n to_o go_v home_o hannibal_n will_v not_o ratify_v the_o agreement_n but_o make_v hannibal_n unworthy_o break_v by_o hannibal_n all_o the_o six_o thousand_o roman_n prisoner_n and_o load_v they_o with_o iron_n tell_v they_o maharbal_n have_v no_o power_n without_o his_o consent_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o grant_v they_o any_o immunity_n the_o worst_a act_n ever_o hannibal_n do_v if_o maharbal_n have_v no_o power_n to_o grant_v those_o roman_n their_o liberty_n he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o grant_v they_o their_o life_n and_o so_o hannibal_n with_o that_o same_o justice_n may_v have_v put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n but_o first_o maharbal_n command_v in_o chief_a in_o that_o place_n where_o he_o capitulate_v next_o he_o do_v nothing_o that_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o office_n be_v a_o great_a commander_n in_o the_o carthaginian_a army_n three_o he_o be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o hannibal_n that_o he_o have_v no_o time_n to_o send_v for_o his_o assent_n and_o do_v his_o errand_n which_o be_v to_o pursue_v the_o fly_a roman_n and_o therefore_o the_o historian_n wrong_v not_o hannibal_n when_o he_o say_v punica_fw-la religione_fw-la servata_fw-la fides_fw-la est_fw-la ab_fw-la annibale_n hannibal_n keep_v promise_v with_o a_o punical_a faith_n indeed_o if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v on_o the_o place_n he_o have_v say_v right_o and_o this_o demonstrate_v what_o i_o say_v before_o that_o any_o quarter_n give_v in_o the_o field_n where_o a_o general_n be_v signify_v nothing_o till_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o he_o and_o observe_v that_o article_n and_o agreement_n make_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n as_o this_o of_o maharbal_n be_v bind_v as_o strong_o as_o those_o make_v in_o writing_n for_o promise_n and_o paroll_n of_o prince_n and_o captain_n shall_v be_v sacred_o keep_v grotius_n acknowledge_v that_o maharbal_n agreement_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v infringe_v by_o hannibal_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o chapter_n affirm_v that_o masanissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n a_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v not_o power_n to_o grant_v the_o fair_a sophonisbe_n her_o life_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o of_o grotius_n his_o judgement_n for_o first_o scipio_n so_o be_v that_o of_o masanissa_n to_o sophonisbe_n by_o scipio_n masanissa_n act_v by_o scipio_n commission_n second_o he_o be_v far_o from_o scipio_n three_o he_o command_v in_o chief_a where_o he_o than_o be_v fourthly_a sophonisbe_n be_v not_o by_o any_o former_a public_a law_n exempt_v from_o pardon_n five_o if_o masanissa_n have_v private_a instruction_n to_o take_v her_o life_n scipio_n may_v have_v punish_v he_o but_o sophonisbe_n shall_v not_o have_v suffer_v for_o his_o transgression_n but_o shall_v either_o have_v enjoy_v her_o life_n or_o be_v send_v back_o with_o all_o her_o people_n to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v take_v and_o assure_o masanissa_n have_v power_n to_o grant_v her_o life_n and_o marry_v she_o too_o as_o he_o do_v but_o he_o prefer_v the_o roman_a friendship_n to_o the_o love_n of_o his_o beautiful_a wife_n and_o so_o send_v she_o a_o cup_n of_o poison_n as_o the_o last_o token_n of_o his_o affection_n this_o that_o i_o have_v say_v may_v be_v accommodate_v and_o apply_v to_o james_n duke_n of_o murder_n duke_n hamilton_n death_n murder_n hamilton_n case_n who_o have_v article_n grant_v to_o he_o and_o all_o that_o be_v with_o he_o for_o life_n which_o because_o lambert_n avouch_v he_o have_v give_v the_o pretend_a parliament_n of_o england_n do_v not_o deny_v it_o but_o say_v with_o hannibal_n that_o lambert_n be_v subaltern_a have_v not_o power_n to_o give_v such_o condition_n but_o he_o have_v power_n for_o he_o exceed_v not_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o office_n and_o function_n of_o a_o major_a general_n he_o command_v in_o chief_a on_o the_o place_n where_o he_o capitulate_v and_o we_o never_o hear_v that_o cromwell_n do_v charge_v he_o with_o the_o transgression_n of_o any_o of_o his_o private_a instruction_n at_o that_o time_n and_o cromwell_n be_v so_o far_o from_o lambert_n then_o that_o he_o can_v not_o possible_o send_v to_o he_o for_o his_o assent_n and_o if_o lambert_n superior_n thought_n it_o not_o fit_a to_o approve_v of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v then_o in_o justice_n which_o be_v a_o