Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	flank_n	front_n	rear_n	1,327	5	12.0997	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54357	The perfection of military discipline after the newest method, as practised in England and Ireland, &c., or, The industrious souldiers golden treasury of knowledge in the art of making war containing instructions for the exercising the pike and musket in all their postures, with the signs of the drum, by its beating the several points of war, the exercise of granadeers, horse, and dragoons : the explanation of the words of command, and how to be put in practice ... : the several doublings, wheelings, and drawing up of battalions, squadrons of horse, &c. with the conduct of armies in open or inclosed countries, or upon any occasion or immergency ... the method to be observed in garrisons, and the manner of fortification, with that of besieging strong holds, &c. to which is added, as a second part, The art of gunnery, or, The compleat engineer : shewing the practice of the ordnance, mortars, &c. with the manner of making and using fire-works for war, at sea and land, and many other things necessary to be known for the improvement of souldiers.		1690 (1690)	Wing P1532; ESTC R18339	60,614	163

the Enemies out front you on the contrary Wing it is requisite then the contrary Wing must march leisurely and give the Charge as soon as ever the Cannon is playing and if your Division of Horse out-out-flank the Enemy then may they wheel and charge them in the Flank at the same time the rest of the Horse are charging in the Front and likewise it may be done on both Wings if they exceed the Enemy but if your Horse be few in number the best way is to keep near the Foot the better to be sheltered if need require by the favour of their Shot or there is a further security to draw up on the outermost Flank of the Wing of Horse that is out-flanked the Rear Guard of Horse of the same Wing and this must be done with speed or if it happen that your Divisions of Horse do front the Enemies Foot when you are out-flanked by their Horse then ought the Officers to draw off the Division and place them on the outermost Flanks of that Wing which is out-flanked and in all matters of War Diligence and Expedition is wonderfully available with caution not to let your Councils be discovered to the Enemy which if you suspect to be done by any Disserter or Prisoner taken it will be requisite to change them so far as is convenient A Prospect of Grim war you here behold Sieges and Battles wee In this unfold To Show In peace what dreadfull Mars dos teach By which you may fames higest glory Reach THE SECOND PART OR THE Expert Engenier Being the ART of GVNNERY AND Making Fire-Works for WAR and other Matters Serving as a SUPPLEMENT To the foregoing TREATISE AS great Ordnance are an essential part of War so it will not be a miss but altogether convenient to give the Practitioner in Enginry a prospect of those Affairs that must unavoidably concern him therefore he that would improve himself in this kind either by Land or Sea must first be careful in knowing what Materials are requisite as also to be skilled in Geometry and Arithmatick the better to know what measures to take on sundry occasions that vary in themselves And to this purpose the Gunner must ever have Rammers Scoups Ladles Sheep-skins with the Wool on to spunge or clear the Piece as likewise Canvas or fine Past-board to make Cartridges for the Powder when the Piece is hot with often discharging least the Powder being put in lose it fire of it self he must have spare Wheels and Axel-trees least any should break in the way and so delay the March of an Army which frequently happens to its great detrement shot he must have of fuch sizes as the Pieces will bear even to the full of the Calliber least forcibly ratling against it flaw the Piece he must likewise have case Shot to break the Front of an Enemy open a Passage on clear a Deck when borded likewise hand Spikes Budg Barrels Baskets to carry Shot Match well Armed Linstocks Torches dark Lanthorns and Compasses to measure the Piece and Shot and to prevent breaking the Charge must be proportioned according to the thinnest Mettal of the Piece and in this case the Charge being put in with your Scoup if you are to Fire upon a Line or under Mettal you must be sure to clap in a good wad after it and ram it down or else the hollowness of the Powder may chance to burst the Piece not only to the defeating your Design but to the killing and wounding many Persons near it which has but too sadly happned by carelesness and to move or travers your Piece beside hand Spikes or Leavers you must have Crows of Iron Coins of Wood to lay it above or under Mettal taking care to know the depth of the Chamber of the Piece that the Charge may be agreeable for if the Shot be to light or too heavy for the Charge it will never answer your expectation Of Artillary there are several kinds viz. the Falconet the Basilick the Rabinet the Falcon the Minnion the ordinary Minnion the Sacker the lowest sort the ordinary Sacker the Sacker of the elder make the lowest Demiculverin the eldest sort of Demeculverin the ordinary Demiculverin Culverin of the best size ordinary Culverin Culverin of the largest size lowest Demicannon ordinary Demicannon Demicannon of the great size Cannon Royal or whole Cannon being the biggest of all Ordnance According to the bigness and weights of the several Pieces they must be charged both with Powder and Shot and if we suppose a Piece to be in length eight Foot and that this Piece weighs 1500 Pounds having four Inches Diamiter in the Bore and you would know how much it requires take notice that it requires four pound of Powder to carry a Shot of sixteen Pound 160 paces at five large Feet to the pace and do Execution unless the Piece be defective by reason of Flaws or Honicombs within and to try the first of these as soon as ever the Piece is discharged stop the Muzzle of it and the Touch-hole and if there be any Flaws that come through you will perceive the Smoak work through them this is to be known likewise by an Iron Hand-spike which will cause the Piece to jar if the Flaws are considerable The Honicombs are certain spunginess or defects of the Mettal in casting which may be perceived by reflecting the Light of a Looking-Glass held against the Sun into the Mouth of the Piece or putting in a peice of Candle on a long Cleft-stick The Terms of describing a Piece and Shot c. THE outward Ring of the Breech is called the Cascabel Deck that Ring next the Touch-hole is called the Base Ring and that place between the Touch-hole the next Ring is called her Chamber or Charging Cillinder the next Ring is the Ramforce Ring the third the Tronion or Ballance Ring and that next the Muzzle is called the Cornice Ring and the uttermost Extremity is the Muzzle the hollow is called the Caliber the top the Superficies and the whole length the Chase so that he that will be a Gunner must have these distinctions at his Fingers ends as ready as a Sailer has the points of the Compass As for the Shot used it is generally Iron but sometimes Lead and for want of these Stone and these must be considered according to their weight and bigness for there is a disproportion if we consider the equality of their Weight and this not being well observed may be of great hindrance in hasty Exterprizes and the proportions are these Between Lead and Iron six to nine by which it is observed that a Shot of six Pounds Iron is as big as nine Pounds Lead and the proportion between Iron and Stone is three to eight so that there is eighty to thirty for a Shot of Stone of thirty Pound is proproportionable in bigness to an Iron Shot of eighty Pounds and in this manner you may guess of any kind How to make

are to have their Arms straight before them ready Cockt and Gaurded and the Pikes being Ported they must charge when the Musketiers Present and then ensue the further words of Command viz. The five first Ranks kneel The Rear Ranks Present Fire The Fifth Rank stand up Present Fire The Fourth Rank stand up Present Fire In this manner the rest must be Commanded when they have fired they are to Charge again and make themselves in readiness to expect the next word of Command and this Order of Fireing may be performed by two or three Ranks at a time the first kneeling the second stooping and the third standing up In fireing to gain ground observe this Order The Battalion marching he that is to give the word of Command proceeds thus First Ranks of Musketiers make ready Halt Upon this the intire Battalion must Halt then he is to Command the Musketiers of the first Rank To Present Fire And as soon as they have fired they must recover their Arms not expecting any word of Command and with a swift pace File off to the Right and Left into the Rear observing ever when the first Rank Presents the next Rank is to make Ready and as the first files off the next must make good the Front Battalion marching and every Rank to fire in this Order and at the presenting of every Rank the Pikes without Command The manner of Fireing to the Front Retreating If the Enemy press your Battalion in Front and you cannot make good your Ground you may to prevent their pressing on Fire Retreating in single Ranks in the same manner as when you are to gain Ground except after the fireing of every Rank and their having filed off to the Right and Left into the Rear instead of the next Ranks advancing to make good the Front of the Pikes the Pikes must make their Retreat to the Musketiers who must keep their Ground till the Pikes make an even Front equal with them and the rest of the Ranks in their Fireing and Retreating are to observe this Method The manner of Fireing in the Flank If a Battalion be upon the March and is constrained by reason of the pressing of the Enemy to Fire to both Flanks it is to be thus performed Keep the Ranks at six foot distance and the intervals of that distance must be carefully observed between the Muskets and Pikes in their Divisions and this must be done by causing the Musketiers to incline to the right and left upon every fireing to the Flanks The words of Command are viz. To the right and left hand Files of Musketiers make Ready Which they must do and keep along with the Body not facing to the Flanks till they are commanded to Present and when they have fired they are to face to the Rear being thereupon lead a thwart very quick by the Serjeants and so up between their own Divisions and the Pikes and as soon as ever the next Flank Files Present those that succeed or support them are to make Ready without expecting the word of Command as is many other cases has been instanced keeping a long with the Body till they are bid Present and this Order must be observed till all the Files have fired each man upon fireing falling back with his right Leg in case of fireing to the Rear which many times stands instead especially upon being Charged by a greater number or upon a Retreat you must observe the following Order The manner of Fireing in the Rear The words of Command directing this way of Fireing are first The Rear Ranks of Musketiers make Ready By which is understood Cocking and Guarding Then Present Fire Upon these words the Souldiers must turn to the Right-about casting their left Legs backwards then Present and Fire which done they must recover their Arms without any word of Command marching up into the Front and there taking their Stations and note that as soon as the first Rank is bid Present the next is to make Ready without Command but must not face to the Rear till Commanded to Present and when the first Rank is bid to Present the Pikes must march till such time as the Rear of the Pikes are even with the next Rank of Musketiers that have made Ready by which means room will be left in the Front for that Rank that fires to bring themselves up even with the first Rank of Pikes every Rank being to do the like by the same Order The manner of Fireing the Street-way THis Fireing is generally made to defend against Horse that attempt to Charge in the Front when the Pikes are few then the Rear half Files of Pikes must double the Front upon this Command viz. Rear half Files of Pikes to the Right Double your Front March Musketiers to the Right about March The Musketiers being clear of the Pikes the following Commands are to be given Musketiers face to the Right and Left inwards March Upon this Command they are to joyn the Center of the Pikes and the Commandan● proceeds viz. Face to your Leader Hereupon the care of the Officers must b● to observe the Shot and the Pikes equall● Wing the former keeping no more distance from the latter then to give space for the Ensigns Drums and Hoitboys to com● between then the Captains are to take place in the first Ranks of the Pikes and the Lieutenants with the Musketiers and according as the Body is bigger or lesser one or more of the Serjeants must see the two first Ranks of Musketiers to face to the right or left and when the Command is given by the Chief Commandant viz. Port your Pikes The Musketiers of the two first Ranks must make Ready and at the word March the two first Ranks are to be brought up by the Serjeants to the right or left according as it is ordered who by two and two siting up they thwart under the Pikes and there they are to face to the proper Front without expecting any VVord of Command and to make two Ranks and that some are may be ever reserved 't is most expedient to fire but one Rank at a time the second being cock'd or guarded to stand either of them as near to the Pikes as the Management of their Arms will permit then the VVord is to be given viz. First Ranks of Musketiers kneel Upon which they must fall-back with their right legs keeping their left fixed their arms-upright before them their left hands even with their mouths then the further word of Command is given viz. Present Fire Immediately upon fireing they are to recover their Arms without expecting the word of Command and so file off on the contrary hand they advanced on with as much speed as they can the Serjeants leading them close by the Body unto the Rear placing them there in their proper Files The Musketiers being commanded to Present the Pikes must port very low without any other word and in the same Order to raise their Pikes as soon

as they have fired to their proper heighth the sub-altern Officers always minding that the next Rank of Musketiers be ready at the Angle to make their March under the Pikes instead of the second Rank which is to take the Place of the first when the first Rank has fired In this manner of fireing if the street to be defended be very broad then a space or interval must be made over and above the passage on the flanks sufficient for two Men a breast which will prevent the Horse from making any advantagious Attack To reduce this Order the Words of command are viz. Musketiers face to the right and left outward March and as soon as they are quit the farther Command is given viz. Musketiers to your proper Front March. This they must observe to do till such time as they are even with the first Rank of Pikes and then the Officers Drums Colours and Hoitboys must take their proper Posts Of the hollow Square and the manner of forming it by Words of Command IF you proceed to this the Battalion must be drawn up in Ranks at Twelve Foot distance the Files being at three then the Muskets shouldered and the Pikes advanced the Words of Command ensue viz. Colours Drums and Hoit-boys to the Centre of the Pikes March Ranks close forward to Order March Three outward Files of Pikes on the Right and Left double your Files to the Right and Left inwards March Half Files of Musketiers to the left-hand double your Front March Files close all to the Right to your close Order March To your Leader Pikes face square Pikes close forward to the Front Left Wing of Musketiers to the Right about Both Wings of Muketiers March Halt Musketiers Face to the Left March Halt Face to your proper Front all Officers and Serjeants take your Posts March Granadiers take your Posts in the Angles March Face square Musketiers make ready At this VVord the Pikes must be ported very low when the Musketiers present and the next VVord is First Rank kneel which must be done in such a manner that the two last Ranks may advantageously Fire over Then again The two last Ranks present Fire Having fired the next is Recover your Arms upon which the first Rank is to stand up with their Muskets recovered ready cock'd and guarded whereupon the two Ranks that have fired take the opportunity to Load again and these VVords of Command ensue viz. Front Ranks present Fire which done the Commandant proceeds viz. Recover your Arms and hereupon the Pikemen recover from their Port then again To your Leader March Halt Face Square c. These being performed after the same Order they may March and fire to every Front noting that when they are hid to Face to their Leader it must be to the Commandant in chief wherever he takes his Station but in facing to the proper Front it must be done to the Front of the Battalion as it was before it was formed into this manner of Figure Words of Command used to reduce this Form The Battalion being faced to the proper Front the Commander in chief proceeds viz. Granadiers take your Posts on the right of the Battalion March The Right and Left of each Wing of Musketiers Face to the Right and Left outward March Halt The three Files of Pikes of the Right and Left that doubled as you were March Musketiers Face to the Right March Halt To your Leader Rere half files of Musketiers that doubled to the Right about as you were March Ranks open backward to Twelve Foot March Colours Drums and Hoitboys to your former Posts March Files close to the Right to close Order March To your Leader Things proper to be observed by a Commander being in an Enemies Country c. HE must be carefull to observe the situation of the Place and gain as good Intelligence of the Enemy as he can and if he Command a Troop of Horse he must beware of skirting the side of a Wood for fear of an Ambush the strength of Horse consisting in the open Country as that of the Foot do's in a VVood for the Enemy is all ways to be expected to take advantage it is therefore dangerous for a Troop of Horse by reason it may be fallen upon before it can get to any secure Post An Officer of Foot marching through an inclosed VVoody Country must avoid if he can marching in the middle of a Plain or too near a VVood by which means if the Enemy approach he will have time to consider what course to take and if he be attacked by Horse then ought he to retreat unto the Wood Skirmishing to make it good for if he get into it the Horse will not attack him there but if he has to deal with Foot and observes himself the weakest he must regain the last Defile or narrow Post and drawing up in Battalia dispute it till he can better secure himself and the like is to be observed by the Horse if overmuch pressed wherefore it is good for a Commander to take special notice of the places he passes through sending his Scouts before him to discover the Enemy and search the Places where Ambushes are suspected for although it be in a Village there may be a Party of the Enemy there who will suffer the Scouts to pass by and conceal themselves till they see an opportunity to set upon the main Body When an Officer is arrived where he intends to Encamp he ought to Draw up his Men and having set his Guards he may permit them to take some ease by alighting from their Horses if it be Horse or if Foot to repose themselves always facing towards the Town or Place possessed or suspected to be possessed by the Enemy having if possible a Defile in the Front and Rear or some other security to prevent surprize the Scouts ought to be sent out from one half hour to another and when day appears they may venture farther into the Country and if there be no convenient Town or Place the best way if two or three days March in the Enemies Country is to lye in a Wood when it has been well searched to prevent an Ambush nor must an Officer suffer his Men to straggle though he be near a Friendly Town for it may so fall out that a Party may lye hid who taking that advantage may fall upon him and rout him though a lesser number for there it is the Enemy most commonly lays Ambuscades thinking as it often happens that by a Confidence of Security they shall find Men negligent and disordered When at any time the VVord is required of a Party you meet it is generally given by the weakest however it ought not lightly to be credited nor the Souldiers to Return their Arms till the Officer be assured whether they are Friends or Foes for many times a Deserter may betray the Word to the Enemy and he make an advantage of it Considerations in Marching an Army through

be recovered from the Charge the Granadiers must take their Posts as before they were divided Shoulder your Muskets The Pike-men at this word of Command must bring their Pikes to their Thighs to their Advance the Rank of Officers Advancing together before the head of the Battalion two paces Ranks open backward at twelve Foot distance March Rear half Files of Musketiers that doubled to the Right-about as you were March Officers Colours Drums and Hoitboys to your proper Posts March If it so happen that a Battalion be more than once to Fire in Exercise then before you fall on instead of Clubing your Muskets when the first Fireing is over the Musketiers as they March must make Ready and the Pike-men Port noting by the way that every right-hand Man being a Pike-man of each Company must ever march with the Ensign's Pike The Drums must beat the Preparative at what time the first Division draws up either in Battalion or single Company being the most ready way to give notice to the Rear to draw up likewise when the Preparative is beat the Pikes Shouldered are to Advance except the Command be given to the Musketiers to recover their Arms and then the Pikes are to Port but not otherways in drawing up but at the Advance neither must the Ranks close forward or mend their pace in Marching but to draw up as at other times except the Command be given to the Musketiers to recover their Arms or make Ready being the same posture then they are ever to march as has been before directed In Marching by Subdivision what is to be observed IF a long March be designed for a Battalion by Subdivision the Files must be counted and ordered according to the wideness or narrowness of the ways they are to March posting one half of the Captains at the head of the first Subdivision of Shot and the other in the Rear of the last dividing the Lieutenants to every Subdivision of Shot for their better care of them the Colours being likewise divided to march at the head of every Subdivision of Pikes and the Serjeants are always to march on the Flanks never leading or bringing up a Division except Commanded and those Serjeants that are placed at the Rere of a Battalion when drawn up are ever to take care of the Pikes in Marching and in this way of Marching they are to March shouldering in Files but not in such Order as to jostle or incroach upon one another and although at sometimes it may fall out that more Men may be in one Rank than in another yet the Spaces must not be Left but they are to file in Marching shoulder to shoulder the Captains and Officers ever to March with their Pikes under-hand unless it be when they pass by a General Officer or advance before a Guard which they are to Relieve or off the Parade in which Cases they are to shoulder Defiles their Management A Defile properly so termed is a mirey Lane or difficult Place of Passage if it happen withall to be narrow and to make good the Passage you would draw up as soon as you have passed it in order then make the Ranks Files and if the Right the Right-hand man is to File first and the rest of his Rank must follow him then are they to Rank again as they were which proves more advantagious than Files fileing for this Reason viz. Because it presently makes a Front to the Enemy and in case of great Ranks they may File two a Breast beginning with the outermost File-Leaders and if the space will admit that is in large Defiles the Commander may make a Front by Drawing off as appears best to his Discretion Wheeling what it is and how to b● observed c. WHeeling is a Motion in Military Exercise which by turning brings the Head of a Battalion to the Flank ground which is extremely necessary if the Wing of a Battalion be attacked or when you see it advantagious to attack the Enemy in the Flank and on many other occasions as the advantage or disadvantage of War offers But to the purpose The Battalion drawn up the Officer in chief gives the Word of Command March and when the Battalion wheels upon the first Head of the right hand File then it wheels to the Right and when it do's the like upon the Left it wheels to the Left A Quarter Wheeling is termed the first Wheeling as it happens when they take a Compass to possess their own or the Ground left by another Battalion and in all Wheelings such compasses of Ground must be taken as that they leave no gap nor press each other out and to avoid this every Man must take notice of his distance at File the Word of Command being given to Wheel and then if you are to Wheel to the Right be sure to keep that distance from your right-hand Man the Ranks taking great notice of their Leaders closing very quick to the Left in the Rear observing to do the like to the Right if the Battalion wheel to the Left The manner of Wheeling a Battalion or Body when they March in Division The Battalion being upon the March and commanded to Wheel when it is so so ordered to the Right the right hand Man keeps his ground only turning upon his heel whilst the left hand Man moves about with a swift pace till he makes an even Line with the right-hand Man and the Word be given to Stand the second Rank observing not to begin to Wheel till they have taken the ground of the first by which means every Rank is to March successively forward up to their Leader's ground before they attempt to wheel for therein lyes the dexterity of this way of Wheeling The Soldiers before they offer to Wheel must take notice of that hand in Marching to which they are to Wheel for as the Right hand Man is to be noted upon the March when they Wheel to the left so on the contrary the Left-hand Men when they are to Wheel to the Left If the Service requires Wheeling in single Ranks observe The Manner of Wheeling in single Ranks When it is requisite for the Service to wheel in single Ranks for lining or guarding The Words of Command are viz. Ranks to the Right or if to the Left then Ranks to the Left-hand Wheel March The Right or Left-hand Man to which the Wheeling is made being to keep his ground only turning till the Line comes direct the rest being all to Wheel together in one Rank and at the VVord of Command March the Colours must wheel in before the Ranks the Drums taking their Places on the right and left of the Ranks as must the Serjeants observing that they be closed to the right or left without leaving any unseemly Spaces and to Reduce again observe the following Order The manner of Reduction IN doing this the left-hand Man of each Rank must stand and keeping his Ground only turn about to the Left and at

the Musketiers must be in the middst and the Pikes as Flankers The Figure of the four Fronted Battle c. To Fire upon this Figure the Musketiers must do it in Rank and after Fireing wheel off to the Right making their passage through the intervals and placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division successively maintaining the same Ground or if you would bring the Musketiers to the Angles and reduce the Pikes to the middle then must the Musketiers take place on the Flanks when you make the Figure To reduce this Figure The whole Body is commanded to Face to the proper Front And then Musketiers in the Rear March up on the Left of the Musketiers in the Front Musketiers in the Flank Face inward and close your Division These Commands given cause the Pikes to march up taking their places directly after their Leaders and by that means they will be brought into a sollid square The Commands are Musketiers Face to the Right and Left inward Pikes Face inward interchanging Ground The Hollow Fronted Cross Battle how to form it THE Files in this case being eight Men in depth the words of Command are thus to to be given The two first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst Two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst The rest Face to the Right and Left March Here they must move untill they have made the Cross then the Musketiers must Flank the Pikes as for example in the following Figure Proper Front Front of the Right Flank Front of the Rear Front of the left Flank If you come to Fire in this Figure it may be done every way as at Front Rear and Flanks the Fire made they must wheel off by Division and take their stations in the Rear of their own Division moving forward into the Leader's Ground that the form of the Figure may not be altered and when the second Fire is given the Pikes must move leisurely up Porting as they Advance till they make an even Front with the Musketiers the second Fireing being made those that fired are to wheel and place themselves in the Rear of that Division of Pikes which they Flanked which order all the Ranks must observe upon Fireing and by the Pikes Charging and Re-advancing the Figure will be preserved and the Reducement may be observed in what is directed for the Reducement of the cross Battel How to frame the hollow Square with Angles when required to be guarded with Pikes IN this case the Pikes being Advanced the Command must be Pikes close your Divisions before the Musketiers Pikes face all to the Right upon this they must Advance and move into the space between the Angles of the Musketiers by which means the following Figure will be formed c. Front In fireing upon this Figure you have your choice to fire either to the Rear Front or Flank as many Ranks as will stand with conveniency who upon fireing must wheel off and keep the ground or upon fireing they may retire into the Figure and charge for a second fireing How to form the Quintuple hollow Square c IN forming the following Figure the Musketiers having made Ready and taken their station in the middle make the hollow Front cross Battel by wheeling the Front of the two first Ranks into the middle which done the Rear of the two last Ranks must be wheeled into the midst likewise then the rest of the Body must Face to the Right and the Left and March till they have formed a Square whereupon the words of Command are Face to the Front Rear and Flanks This done the Pikes in the Front of the Musketiers must be Commanded viz. Open to the Right and Left Upon this the last Rank of Pikes must be even with the first Rank of Musketiers and then these words of Command follow viz. Two first Ranks of Musketiers of each Division move forward clear of the Pikes This done the following Figure will be produced In fireing upon this Figure the Command is Musketiers in the midst close to the Front Rear and Flanks Fire c. The Musketiers ought upon the first fireing to make good their Ground the second time fireing over they must Rank even with the Pikes and upon the third fireing the Pikes must move somewhat forward and the Musketiers loose Ground by which means a hollow Fronted Cross is formed and the Pikes must Port and Charge in the Angles whilst the Fire is made by the Musketiers The form of a hollow square Battle impaled with Shot TO bring this into Figure and Order the Serjeants must draw forth the odd Files on the right Flanks as well Muskets as Pikes then give Command to the odd Files of the left Flank Pikes and Musketiers viz. Face to the Rear This must be observed in wheeling to the left Cross the Rear following the Bringers up then the Command to the rest of the Body is Close to the Right and Left outward This must be till the Rear Angles of each Division be in opposition to each other then the Command is All Face to the Center Face all about to the Right By this means the following Figure is formed Noe In these Figures that C stands for Commander in Chief L for Lieutenant E for Ensign S for Serjeant and D for Drums P are Pikes and M Muskets To Fire upon this Figure when the Ranks of Musketiers have presented and fired they are to wheel off to the right and left through the Intervals that so they may be made in the middle of each Division as appears in the Figure and then they must place themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank moving into their Ground or if any urgency require it the Musketiers having fired they may wheel off and take their station in the Rear of their following Division of Pikes which Division is to move forward and maintain the Musketiers Ground If you would reduce the Order the word of Command to the whole Body is Face to the left Angles of the Front Division Upon this they must March and even their Ranks and straighten their Files upon which the half Files must double their Ranks to the left forwards and the first Order will be regained Directions or general Observation in giving Battel THough there can no certain Rule be ascribed where the Contingencies are various yet it has been observed by experienced Commanders that Rules are necessary wherefore a Commander must avoid engaging against his Will as much as in him lies and take the happy moment to charge the Enemy when he sees an active Liveliness and sprightly Vigour in his Souldiers chosing the most advantageous Ground according to the quality and number of his Men sheltering for fear of being enclosed one of the Wings or Flanks to a place strong either by Nature or Art and bring on the Divisions of Horse and Foot at their ordinary distance placing the best Regiments of Horse and Foot on the Wings if