captain_n amilcar_n barcas_fw-la and_o send_v he_o into_o the_o field_n with_o 70_o elephant_n and_o 10000_o man_n there_o he_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o african_n on_o his_o front_n the_o numidian_n on_o his_o rear_n and_o spendius_n on_o his_o flank_n where_o naravasus_n a_o numidian_a with_o 2000_o of_o his_o follower_n revolt_v to_o he_o mercenary_n amilcar_n barcas_fw-la defeat_v the_o mercenary_n encourage_v by_o this_o addition_n he_o engage_v with_o his_o enemy_n cause_v his_o man_n so_o to_o face_n about_o as_o the_o front_n become_v the_o rear_n whereby_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o confusion_n the_o mercenary_n think_v they_o run_v and_o break_v their_o rank_n to_o pursue_v they_o he_o take_v this_o opportunity_n and_o set_v on_o they_o out_o of_o order_n obtain_v the_o victory_n have_v slay_v 10000_o and_o take_v 4000_o prisoner_n 12._o he_o give_v arm_n to_o all_o such_o prisoner_n as_o will_v serve_v under_o he_o and_o have_v exhort_v the_o rest_n to_o fight_v no_o more_o against_o the_o carthaginian_n dismiss_v they_o free_o spendius_n and_o matho_n together_o with_o autaritus_n captain_n of_o the_o gall_n hear_v this_o doubt_v how_o far_o his_o clemency_n especial_o the_o offer_n of_o indemnity_n may_v prevail_v with_o the_o african_n and_o other_o and_o consult_v how_o to_o obviate_v this_o his_o design_n by_o set_v the_o multitude_n at_o irreconcilable_a enmity_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n to_o this_o purpose_n they_o feign_v letter_n to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o sardinia_n from_o their_o friend_n give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o certain_a among_o they_o hold_v intelligence_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o advise_v they_o to_o keep_v close_a gesco_n and_o the_o other_o with_o he_o spendius_n take_v hereat_o occasion_n earnest_o advise_v they_o not_o to_o trust_v to_o the_o pretend_a clemency_n of_o amilcar_n captain_n who_o be_v further_o provoke_v by_o their_o captain_n and_o by_o no_o meant_n to_o permit_v gesco_n to_o escape_v for_o thereby_o 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their_o own_o language_n and_o when_o what_o they_o aim_v at_o be_v full_o know_v some_o one_o cry_v out_o strike_v they_o which_o so_o provoke_v the_o multitude_n that_o they_o fortwith_o stone_v they_o after_o this_o bring_v forth_o gesco_n and_o the_o other_o carthaginian_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 700_o they_o cruel_o torment_v they_o to_o death_n and_o make_v a_o decree_n that_o whosoever_o of_o they_o for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v they_o shall_v take_v he_o shall_v be_v use_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o if_o any_o of_o their_o ally_n be_v take_v his_o hand_n be_v cut_v off_o he_o shall_v be_v send_v back_o to_o carthage_n this_o they_o very_o careful_o afterward_o observe_v have_v also_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v the_o dead_a body_n to_o the_o messenger_n that_o come_v for_o they_o and_o threaten_v if_o any_o more_o come_v to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o have_v use_v gesco_n 13._o amilcar_n see_v into_o what_o strait_n he_o be_v cast_v by_o this_o boldness_n of_o the_o mercenary_n send_v for_o hanno_n judge_v that_o a_o end_n may_v soon_o be_v put_v to_o the_o war_n if_o the_o force_n of_o the_o state_n be_v all_o unite_a force_n amilcar_n unit_v the_o carthaginian_a force_n such_o of_o the_o enemy_n as_o he_o take_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n he_o kill_v as_o he_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n or_o take_v they_o alive_a cast_v they_o to_o wild_a beast_n when_o he_o think_v that_o he_o have_v bring_v matter_n into_o a_o fair_a way_n of_o recovery_n they_o present_o relapse_v into_o a_o far_o worse_a condition_n than_o ever_o for_o the_o ship_n that_o bring_v provision_n miscarry_v by_o force_n of_o tempest_n sardinia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n revolt_v from_o they_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o supply_v they_o with_o large_a provision_n and_o hippacrita_n and_o utica_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v faithful_a now_o revolt_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n matho_n and_o spendius_n herewith_o elevate_v resolve_v to_o lay_v siege_n 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naravascus_n and_o otherwise_o they_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o far_o surpass_v they_o in_o military_a skill_n though_o but_o equal_a to_o they_o in_o valour_n 14._o but_o amilcar_n single_v they_o out_o by_o party_n kill_v many_o of_o they_o and_o when_o they_o engage_v with_o their_o whole_a force_n cut_v they_o off_o by_o stratagem_n sometime_o by_o day_n otherwhiles_o by_o night_n he_o will_v fall_v upon_o they_o on_o a_o sudden_a with_o great_a terror_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o he_o take_v he_o cast_v they_o to_o the_o beast_n at_o length_n he_o compass_v they_o about_o in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o though_o they_o be_v afraid_a to_o fight_v they_o can_v not_o escape_v and_o be_v shut_v up_o within_o a_o ditch_n and_o rampire_n they_o be_v force_v to_o devour_v one_o another_o though_o they_o now_o can_v expect_v no_o mercy_n yet_o they_o send_v to_o desire_v a_o parley_n and_o have_v obtain_v leave_n autarolus_n zarxas_n spendius_n and_o other_o 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sally_n and_o kill_v many_o take_v much_o plunder_v and_o among_o other_o prisoner_n annibal_n himself_o who_o bring_v to_o spendius_n his_o cross_n after_o he_o have_v take_v down_o his_o collegue_n body_n he_o nail_v he_o to_o it_o and_o kill_v 30_o more_o of_o the_o most_o noble_a carthaginian_n 15._o it_o be_v long_o ere_o amilcar_n know_v of_o this_o disaster_n and_o when_o he_o do_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n and_o difficulty_n of_o passage_n he_o can_v give_v no_o relief_n march_v therefore_o from_o tunis_n he_o sit_v down_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n macaris_n and_o his_o superior_n at_o carthage_n make_v new_a levy_n join_v hanno_n in_o commission_n with_o he_o these_o two_o after_o several_a passage_n at_o length_n agree_v to_o fight_v one_o set_v battle_n with_o the_o enemy_n who_o consent_v a_o bloody_a contest_v ensue_v wherein_o at_o length_n the_o
syria_n most_o capable_a to_o receive_v his_o multitude_n and_o opportune_a for_o the_o horse_n to_o charge_v in_o and_o for_o some_o time_n here_o he_o continue_v but_o alexander_n delay_v his_o march_n he_o be_v persuade_v by_o his_o courtier_n that_o he_o dare_v not_o to_o adventure_v any_o further_a or_o look_v he_o in_o the_o face_n and_o because_o winter_n approach_v he_o will_v lose_v no_o time_n and_o therefore_o send_v away_o his_o money_n and_o stuff_n of_o most_o value_n with_o such_o as_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o war_n unto_o damascus_n he_o haste_v into_o cilicia_n where_o he_o suppose_v alexander_n to_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o difficult_a passage_n as_o not_o dare_v to_o try_v battle_n in_o open_a field_n suppose_v that_o he_o pretend_v sickness_n and_o hide_v himself_o in_o the_o strait_n he_o pass_v over_o the_o mountain_n and_o go_v to_o issus_n most_o imprudent_o pass_v by_o and_o leave_v he_o at_o his_o back_n take_v this_o place_n and_o therein_o such_o of_o the_o enemy_n as_o be_v sick_a and_o weak_a be_v there_o leave_v he_o cut_v off_o their_o hand_n and_o then_o sear_v their_o arm_n send_v they_o away_o to_o tell_v their_o king_n what_o they_o have_v see_v for_o he_o think_v now_o the_o enemy_n to_o have_v leave_v issus_n and_o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n haste_v over_o the_o hill_n pinarus_n think_v to_o fall_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o rear_n alexander_n know_v for_o certain_a that_o he_o be_v pass_v by_o take_v thence_o occasion_n to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n who_o now_o can_v not_o be_v overmatch_v by_o multitude_n and_o send_v a_o party_n of_o horse_n to_o view_v the_o strait_n return_v thither_o by_o night_n and_o repossess_v himself_o of_o they_o then_o refresh_v his_o man_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n he_o set_v a_o strong_a watch_n upon_o the_o rock_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n go_v down_o into_o the_o path_n and_o set_v his_o army_n in_o order_n for_o a_o battle_n issus_n the_o 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out_o and_o mount_v a_o horse_n ready_a for_o he_o he_o cast_v away_o his_o royal_a apparel_n and_o shift_v for_o himself_o after_o which_o his_o horse_n be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n and_o run_v away_o the_o infantry_n discourage_v herewith_o make_v no_o considerable_a opposition_n the_o great_a multitude_n be_v unserviceable_a in_o so_o straight_o and_o precipitous_a a_o place_n and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n so_o hinder_v the_o flight_n and_o tread_v one_o another_o down_o that_o more_o damage_n accrue_v hence_o than_o from_o the_o mere_a strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o persian_a horse_n arrianus_n write_v 10000_o to_o have_v be_v slay_v and_o of_o the_o foot_n 90000._o with_o who_o other_o consent_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o horse_n but_o as_o to_o the_o foot_n there_o be_v little_a agreement_n some_o account_v more_o and_o other_o less_o 40000_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v take_v 35._o of_o alexander_n man_n 504._o curtius_n say_v be_v wound_v 32_o footman_n be_v slay_v and_o of_o horseman_n 150._o which_o some_o reckon_v less_o by_o 20._o though_o another_o increase_v they_o to_o 300._o alexander_n follow_v the_o chase_n be_v force_v to_o pass_v with_o his_o phalange_n over_o the_o enemy_n dead_a body_n and_o with_o 1000_o horse_n do_v great_a execution_n but_o be_v not_o able_a to_o reach_v darius_n who_o ride_v upon_o a_o mare_n that_o have_v a_o foal_n leave_v at_o home_n and_o therefore_o run_v with_o more_o speed_n he_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v some_o keep_v for_o such_o necessity_n his_o tent_n be_v easy_o take_v and_o therein_o his_o mother_n wife_n son_n and_o two_o daughter_n but_o of_o money_n not_o above_o 30000_o talent_n the_o rest_n be_v send_v beforehand_o to_o damascus_n the_o woman_n hear_v that_o alexander_n be_v return_v with_o the_o robe_n of_o darius_n make_v great_a lamentation_n which_o he_o understanding_n send_v leonatus_n to_o they_o to_o put_v they_o out_o of_o fear_n as_o to_o his_o death_n to_o promise_v they_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o former_a dignity_n and_o a_o visit_n from_o he_o to_o be_v make_v the_o next_o morning_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v light_a he_o go_v to_o they_o with_o hephaestion_n his_o great_a favourite_n both_o who_o when_o the_o mother_n of_o darius_n see_v and_o know_v not_o which_o be_v the_o king_n she_o make_v reverence_n to_o hephaestion_n as_o seem_v to_o she_o from_o the_o worth_n of_o his_o clothes_n to_o be_v the_o great_a person_n which_o when_o she_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v amiss_o be_v trouble_v at_o it_o and_o ask_v his_o pardon_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v smile_v be_v not_o trouble_v mother_n for_o he_o also_o be_v alexander_n 4._o a._n m._n 3672._o olymp._n 111._o ann_n 4._o darii_fw-la 4._o alexand._n 4._o this_o battle_n of_o issus_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o month_n maemacterion_fw-la nicostratus_n or_o nicocrates_n being_n archon_n at_o athens_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o 111_o olympiad_n the_o foâ—â—th_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o darius_n and_o the_o four_o of_o alexander_n a._n m._n 3672._o 36._o alexander_n after_o this_o victory_n march_v for_o syria_n and_o send_v parmenio_n before_o he_o to_o damascus_n to_o seize_v upon_o darius_n his_o treasure_n 3._o curtius_n lib._n 3._o which_o by_o cophenes_n the_o keeper_n thereof_o be_v betray_v into_o his_o hand_n and_o for_o that_o be_v reward_v with_o death_n by_o one_o of_o his_o complice_n who_o send_v his_o head_n to_o darius_n of_o coin_n here_o be_v find_v 2600_o talent_n beside_o 500_o pound_n weight_n of_o bullion_n and_o a_o world_n of_o other_o riches_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n 30000_o be_v also_o take_v with_o 7000_o beast_n that_o carry_v burden_n alexander_n darius_n his_o lieutenant_n revolt_n to_o alexander_n then_o be_v parmenio_n send_v to_o seize_v upon_o the_o persian_a fleet_n and_o other_o to_o take_v in_o the_o city_n of_o syria_n which_o upon_o the_o report_n of_o the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n at_o issus_n be_v easy_o do_v the_o governor_n of_o darius_n yield_v themselves_o with_o their_o treasure_n as_o alexander_n travel_v into_o syria_n many_o petty_a king_n meet_v he_o adorn_v with_o their_o diadem_n 4._o justin_n lib._n 11._o curtius_n lib._n 4._o whereof_o some_o he_o receive_v into_o friendship_n and_o other_o he_o deprive_v of_o their_o principality_n as_o they_o have_v deserve_v of_o he_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o city_n marathon_n he_o receive_v letter_n from_o darius_n wherein_o he_o desire_v the_o ransom_n of_o his_o wife_n mother_n and_o child_n with_o some_o other_o condition_n of_o peace_n but_o such_o as_o rather_o become_v a_o conqueror_n than_o one_o that_o have_v now_o be_v thrice_o shameful_o beat_v alexander_n his_o offer_n scorn_v by_o alexander_n not_o vouchsafe_v in_o his_o direction_n to_o alexander_n the_o title_n of_o king_n he_o disdain_v his_o offer_n justify_v his_o war_n from_o the_o invasion_n of_o greece_n by_o the_o former_a persian_a king_n and_o the_o treachery_n of_o darius_n himself_o who_o hire_v one_o to_o murder_v he_o as_o philip_z his_o father_n have_v former_o be_v by_o some_o set_v on_o by_o they_o he_o promise_v he_o his_o relation_n without_o ransom_n if_o he_o will_v come_v himself_o as_o a_o suppliant_a for_o they_o and_o safe_a conduct_n he_o both_o know_v as_o he_o say_v to_o overcome_v and_o show_v favour_n to_o the_o conquer_a and_o the_o next_o time_n he_o write_v he_o bid_v he_o remember_v that_o he_o do_v it_o not_o only_o to_o a_o king_n but_o to_o his_o own_o king_n also_o 37._o alexander_n march_v to_o byblus_n 11._o arrianus_n lib._n 2._o curtius_n lib._n 4._o justin_n lib._n 11._o which_o yield_v to_o he_o upon_o composition_n and_o thence_o to_o sidon_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v so_o hardly_o use_v former_o by_o ochus_n in_o hatred_n
of_o mercenary_n in_o constant_a pay_n and_o make_v provision_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o ammunition_n for_o that_o he_o foresee_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n disapprove_v of_o the_o peace_n make_v by_o amilcar_n will_v within_o a_o short_a while_n renew_v the_o war_n 117._o ad_fw-la ann_n 1._o olymp._n 117._o the_o year_n after_o see_v himself_o sufficient_o furnish_v he_o resolve_v then_o not_o to_o expect_v they_o but_o begin_v himself_o yet_o desire_v first_o to_o clear_v his_o way_n by_o remove_v whatever_o may_v hinder_v he_o from_o the_o neighbour_a city_n it_o he_o break_v it_o he_o first_o attempt_v messene_n whither_o the_o exile_n of_o syracuse_n have_v flee_v and_o he_o first_o prevail_v with_o they_o to_o expel_v these_o and_o then_o to_o admit_v he_o into_o the_o town_n where_o he_o kill_v 600_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o and_o most_o adverse_a to_o his_o power_n thence_o he_o go_v to_o agrigentum_n 12._o a._n m._n 3693._o ol._n 117._o ann_n 1._o v._o c._n 442._o 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afford_v no_o passage_n for_o horse_n or_o elephant_n the_o place_n of_o itself_o be_v precipitious_a but_o late_o by_o a_o fall_n of_o earth_n it_o be_v become_v so_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 1000_o foot_n he_o labour_v then_o to_o bring_v his_o man_n through_o other_o way_n never_o before_o tread_v but_o at_o length_n the_o snow_n make_v they_o impassable_a he_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o level_v of_o the_o rock_n they_o make_v a_o great_a fire_n wherewith_o the_o rock_n be_v heat_v they_o putrify_v it_o with_o vinegar_n than_o do_v they_o cleave_v it_o and_o so_o diminish_v the_o descent_n by_o moderate_a turn_n that_o not_o only_o the_o beast_n of_o burden_n but_o the_o elephant_n also_o may_v safe_o pass_v italy_n pass_v over_o the_o alps_o into_o italy_n four_o day_n be_v spend_v about_o the_o rock_n and_o by_o this_o time_n almost_o all_o the_o beast_n be_v waste_v for_o on_o the_o top_n be_v little_a grass_n and_o that_o cover_v with_o snow_n coming_z 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