Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	flank_n	front_n	rear_n	1,327	5	12.0997	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43479	The first part of the principles of the art military practiced in the warres of the United Netherlands, vnder the command of His Highnesse the Prince of Orange our Captaine Generall, for as much as concernes the duties of a souldier, and the officers of a companie of foote, as also of a troupe of horse, and the excerising of them through their severall motions : represented by figure, the word of commaund and demonstration / composed by Captaine Henry Hexham, Quartermaster to the Honourable Colonell Goring.; Principles of the art militarie Part 1	Hexham, Henry, 1585?-1650?	1642 (1642)	Wing H1652; ESTC R11968	36,185	55

hand numbred 7 moves first and afterward all the other files noted 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. or the right hand file close all to their order But if you desire to have your files close to the middle then the two middle most files numbred 4. 5. close first to their order of three foote and having their distance the other files numbred 2. 3. and 1. on the right hand and the files 8. 7. and 6. on the left hand closes both waies into their order Secondly Rankes to your Order Close that is To three foote betweene Ranke and Ranke Note that in this motion also the Rankes which stand in their open order on the other page marked with the Letters bc defghi and k moving all to gether in an even front comes up to their order or distance of three foote as this figure demonstrates where both files rankes stand in their order of 3 foote distance Observe that when you exercise a company single you double your front before you wheele in regard the body is smal but in a devision or a greater body you close both your rankes and files to your order as aboue omitting the doubling and then wheele but being a single company when you wheele to the right hand then double your front to the left hand for so the leader of the right hand file will keepe his place on that corner towards which you wheele This figure before you wheele shews your men to stand in their close order in file and their order in ranke as 〈◊〉 Againe when you wheele to the left hand double your front to the right hand and then the two leaderson the left hand doe but onely turne their bodies like the point of a Compasse to that hand whereto they wheele while the body comes about with a faster motion and an even front Note also that after you have wheeled to which hand you list and as often as you will you give in a single company this word of command Halfe files as you were that is as they stood in their order both in ranke and file before but in greater bodies where the doubling is omitted you first open your rankes by giving this terme of direction Rankes backward to your open order and then likewise your files by commanding Files open both waies to your open order of six footes as this figure both in ranke and file represents In opening of Rankes and Files you must make all the Files or Rankes saving the outermost on that hand from whence you meane to open which must stand to moue altogether till the second Ranke or File from that which standeth haue gotten its distance and consequently all the rest Having performed the former Motions you may afterward exercise your company of Pikes and Muskettiers together or if you pleafe each a part To beginne then with the Pikes you may commaund them to doe these motions standing to wit Advance your Pikes Order your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes Charge your Pikes Order your Pikes Traile your Pikes Checke your Pikes But these Motions are to be performed both standing and marching namely Charge your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes To the right hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the left hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the Reere Charge Shoulder your Pikes Stand Order your Pikes First note that in charging halfe the Rankes onely must charge their Pikes the other hindermost halfe of the Rankes doe but port their Pikes that is they cary them so couched over the Heads of the foremost as may giue them no offence either in charging or retyreing Besides this way the Pikes are not so subject to be broken by the shot of the Enemy as when they are advanced Secondly they must likewise obserue when they charge standing to fall back with the right legge and marching to steppe forwards with the left Standing Thirdly the exercising of your Muskettiers is likewise performed either or Marching That is either by Rankes or by Files after three manner of waies to wit first having an Enemy in your front Secondly in your Reere and thirdly vpon your right or left flanke as these figures following in exercising of 260 Pikes Muskettiers besides Officers will demonstrate whereof the first showes the manner of giving fire standing vpon an Enemy in your front by commanding these three termes or direction vnderneath This figure aboue shewes that the first and second rank of both the wings of Muskettiers having given fire are fallen away and are a doing their postures till they come in the vacant Rankes in the Reere noted i k while the third and fourth Rankes on both flankes make ready and advances up to the same ground where the first were even with the front of the Pikes Note also that the first Ranke falling backe with their right legges bending their left knee lies on and giues fire as hath bin taught and the first Ranke falling away the second Ranke in presenting having their pannes garded blowes their matches opens their pannes and steps forward with their left legs into the place of the first ranke lies on giues fire and fall away while the rest of the body of muskettiers mooues up to their place and so two rankes at a time making ready you may giue fire as often as you list You must observe likewise that the muskettiers in all these motions do turne to the right hand so to have a cingular care to carry the mouthes of their muskets aloft aswell when they are shouldred as in priming as also when they keepe their pannes garded and come vp to give fire Moreover if an Enemy should appeare on either your right or left flank and that you resolue to maintain your ground and would gaule him from either flank it is performed by giving first this word of command To the right or left hand which you please and then making an interval of 6 foot distance between the two middlemost leaders of the halfe files e for the halfe rank on the left hand marked a b c d and e do fall away between the files to the Reere before the pikes and the half rank on the right hand k i g h f on the right flank likewise you may giue fire from either or both flankes as you list Again if an Enemy should shew himself in your Reere the like is done by giving this term of derection To the right hand about and having given fire upon them fall away to the place where the front stood even in the same manner as you did before The manner of giving fire marching and advancing towards an Enemy is performed as this figure following represents In advancing towards an Enemy two Rankes must alwaies make ready together advance ten paces forwards before the bodies at which distance a Sarjant or when the body is great some other Officer must stand to whom the Musketteirs are to come up before present and giue fire First the first ranke and whilest the

the head downeward 12. Holding the rammer head in his right hand as before he is to take the bullett out of his mouth or out of his bullett-bagg at the pistoll case with the thumb and fore finger putt it into the muzzle of the pistoll and the Rammer immediatly after it then rammes it home 13. He is to drawe forth his Rammer with the right hand turned and to returne it to its place 14 With the bridle-hand he is to bring the pistoll towards his right side and placing the butt end vpon his thigh pulls downe the Cock 15 He is to take the Pistoll into his right hand mounting the muzzle vpward 16. Having the Pistoll in his right-hand as in posture 15 with his forefinger vpon the tricker he is to incline the muzzle with a fixed eye towards his mark not suddenlie but by degrees quicker or slower according to the space he rideth and that not directly forward towards the horse head but towards the right turning his right hand so as the lock of the pistoll maye be vpward and having gotten his marke he is to draw the tricker and so give fire 17. He is to returne his pistoll into the Case and then drawes out his other pistoll as occasion maye serve and doeth as before and thus much for the postures of the fire lock pistoll Now concerming the Snap-hane pistoll or Snap-hane Carabine more vsual in England then in these Countries those postures wherein they differ from the fire-lock pistoll are these following which beginn with the 18 Figure 18. Holding the pistoll in the bridle-hand as before hath bin shewed in Figure 14. with the right-hand he is to bend the Cock 19. VVith the right hand he is to pull downe the back lock and to secure the cock from going of 20. With the right hand he is to draw downe the hammer vpon the pan 21. With the right thumbe he is to thrust back the back-lock and so to give the Cock libertie The 22. the 23. the 24. figures shew the marching postures of a Harquebussier or a Carabine The Postures for the Snap-hane Carabine vsed in England are some thing differing from the fire-lock pistols which Captaine Cruso hath sett downe in his 30 Chapter and Follio 43. are these 1. Order your Carabine 2. Sink your Carabine into your bridle hand 3. Bend your Cock 4. Guard your Cock 5. Prime 6. Shutt your pann 7. Cast about your Carabine 8. Take forth your Cartouch 9. Lade your Carabine 10. Draw your rammer 11. Shorten your Rammer 12. Lade your bullet ramm home 13. With draw your Rammer 14. Shorten your Rammer 15. Returne your Rammer 16. Recover your Carabine 17. Order your hammer 18. Free your Cock 19. Present 20. Give fire For the vse of his sword he is to demeane him self as the Cuirassier Observations for the makeing of Cartouches SEing that flasks are now growne out of use amonge our Horsemen for the gaining of time and the quicker giving of fire especially vpon a skirmish or in a battell it is needefull for to make Cartouches Now the Cartouch is to be made of white paper cutt out of a convenient breadth and length and rowled vpon a stick or the Rammer if it be not too litle fit according to the bore of the barrell to containe the due charge of powder and the bullett The proportion of powder vsually required is half the weight of the Bullett but being strong fine pistoll powder it is held too much in the opinion of some men Having moulded then the paper to fitt the Calibre or boore of your pistoll as is said the one end of it is to be turned in to keepe in the powder and the due charge of powder to be putt into it at the other end which powder is to be clossed in by tying a litle thred about the paper then the bullett is to be putt in and that also to be tyed in with a litle thred and when the Curassier or Harquebussier is to vse his Cartouch he must bite of the paper at the head of it at the powder and and so putt it into the barrell of his pistoll with the bullet vpward and then ramme it home for a readinesse vpon any peece of service Briefe observations touching the exercising of Cavallerie through their severall motions as it is commaunded amongst vs by the Prince of Orange and what a young Horseman ought to know before the exercising of his Esqadron or troupe begins FIrst as amonge the foot Companies so the Horse troupes are ranged into Files Ranks and their choisest men are made Leaders of files and bringers vp Secondlie Distance is also observed namely Closse Order and Open Order The Closse order is taken at three foot distance and the open order at six foote distance betweene rank and ranke and file file yea noe more then a Horse can wel turne about in the standing of sixe foote or open order in rank and file they are to doe their motions Thirdly it is necessarie that a Horsman vnderstand wel the severall motions vsed in the exercising of a troupe or Battaillon of Horse which are these three observed amongst vs 1. Facings 2. Countermarching 3. Wheelings 1. The vse of Facing either to the right or left hand or to the Reere is to make a Troupe or Battaillon of Horse perfect to be suddainly prepared for a charge on either Flank or in the Reere 2. Countermarches serve either to reduce the File-leaders into the place of the Bringers vp and so to have the best men readie to receive the charg of an Ennemie in the Reere or to bring one flank into the place of an other 3. Amonge the Horse Wheelings either to the right or left hand or to the Reere about is of excellent vse to bring the Front which consist of the ablest men to be readie to receiue a charge or to give a charge vpon an Ennemie on either Flank or in the Reere Note that doubling of Ranks doubling of files as also doubling of halfe files and halfe Ranks is ommitted amongst our Horse because according to his highnesse Commaund the files of the Horse are but fiue deepe in regard whereof there is alwaies an odd ranke The Demonstration of the figures on the other side answering to every Number of the words of Commaund videlizet 4 Showes the forme of a Squadron of Horse consisting of 30 men standing first in their close order at three foote distance one from another both in Rank and file 5 Showes that their rankes are opened backward to six foote distance or their open order in ranke and file 6 Showes that their files are also opened to six foote distance now stands in their open order both in rank and file Note that in opening of their files the two middlemost Files open first to their distance of 6 foote and the other files both to the right and left hand also till they are in their open order

first Ranke giues fire the second Ranke keeps their muskets close to their pannes guarded and assoone as the first are falne away the second presently presents giue fire and fall after them Now assoone as the two first rankes do moue from their places in the front the two rancks next it must unshoulder their muskets and make ready so as they may advance forward ten paces as before assoon as ever the first two rankes are fallen away and are to doe in all pointes as the fmorer So all the other rankes through the whole company or division must doe the same by two one after an other A way how to giue fire retreating from an enemy which is performed after this sort as this figure following shows As the troupe marcheth the hindermost rank of all keeping still with the troupe maketh ready and being ready the souldiers in that ranke turne altogether to the right hand and giue fire marching presently away a good round pace to the front their place themselves in a Ranke together iust before the front Assoone as the first Ranke turneth to giue fire the Ranke next makes ready and doth as the former and so all the rest Last of all the troupe or whole wing of Muskettiers makes ready altogether standing and the first Ranke without advancing giues fire in the place it standts in speedily as may be yet orderly falles away the Rankes doing the same successiuely one after another A manner how to giue fire either from the right or left hand flanke as these 6 files of 60 Muskettiers demonstrates To the right hand present giue fire Captaine to the left hand present giue fire The Demonstration The company or division marching the outermost file next the enemy are commanded to make ready keeping still along with the Bodie till such time as they be ready they turne all to the right or left hand according to the fight of their Enemy either upon their right or left flanke and giue fire all together when thy haue discharged they stirre not but keepe their ground and charge their peeces againe in the same place they stand Now assoone as the aforesaid file doth turne to give fire the outmost next it makes ready alwaies keepeing along with the troupe till the bringers vp be past a little beyond the Leader of that file that gave fire last and then the whole file must turne and giue fire an doe in all points as the first did and so all the rest one after another A Sarjant or if the troupe be great some better qualified Officer must stand at the head of the first file and assoone as the second file hath given fire and hath charged he is to lead forwards the first file vp to the second file and so to the rest one after an other till he hath gathered again the whole wing and then he is to ioyne them againe in equall front with the pikes A BRIEFE Index of the points postures and severall motions contained in this first part of the Principles of the Art Militarie THe first is the duties of a private Souldier a Gentleman of a Companie and of all the Officers belonging to a Companie of Infanterie or Foote pages 1. 1. 3. 2. The Armes belonging to a Pike-man a Muskettier represented by figure 4. 3. The directions and the Postures of a Pike-man pages 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. The directions postures of a Muskettier marching pages 10. 11. 12. 13. 5. The direction the Centinell postures standing pag. 14. 15. 6. Briefe observations for a Muskettier pag. 16. 7. The beginning of the exercising of a Companie of Foote consisting of 40. Pikes 40. Muskettiers and the definition what a File and a Ranke is with the Demonstration of the dignity of Files and Ranks pag. 17. 8. Of the three distances obserued in exercising of a Companie to wit Open-order Order Closse-order with the definition thereof observations there-vpon pag. 18. 19 9. Of conversions turnings with the words of Commaund pages 20. 20. 10. The standing in open order fit for the doubling of Ranks Files pag. 21. 11. The doubling of Rankes pages 21. 22. 23. 12. The doubling of Files pages 24. 25. 26. 27. 13. The doubling of the Front by half files pages 28. 29. 30. 31. 14. The Countermarchings either to the right or left hand pages 32. 33. 34. 35. 15. Observations before wheelings pag. 36. 16 The wheelings to the right or left hand or about pages 37. 38. 39. 17. The opening of Ranks and Files pag. 40. 18. The posture of the Pikes commaunded either marching or standing the several givings of fire pages 41. 42. 43. 44. For the Cavallrie 19. Secondly the duties of a private Horse a Gentleman the severall charges and Officers belonging to a troupe of Horse beginning with letter A. pages 1. 2. 3. 20. The Armes belonging to a Curassier a Harquebusier pag. 4. of the managing of his Horse and their Armes represented by figure pag. 5. 21. The directions postures of a Curassier a Harquebussier represented with their words of Commaund in two great plates pages 6. 7. 8. 22. The exercising of a Esquadron of Cavallrie according to his Highnesse the Prince of Orange by the way of figure the word of Commaund directions pag. 9. 10. 11 23. His Highnesse order for filing and marching of Horse pag. 12. Thirdly an Appendex of Marshall discipline enacted and statuated by the Lords the States Generall his Highnesse for the Militia of the Vnited Provinces beginning with letter A. B. C. D. THe Book-binder is to follow in this first part in binding it first the Tytle and Dedication sheete then letter A. B. C. D. E. E2 and the half sheete for turning pages 21. 21. because a half sheete comes in here E3 F. G. H. I. K. L. L2 and this half sheete which makes L3 and so ends this first part for the Printer according to the figures of the pages hath committed an errour in not figuring the pages right FINIS BRIEFE Instructions of the Duties of a Horseman and the severall Officers belonging to a Troupe of Horse practised in the service of the Lordes the States Generall of the united Provinces vnder the Commaund of his highnesse the Prince of Orange FIrst the Cavallrie or Horse are ordered into two Troupes namely either a Troupe of Curaissiers which are heavelie armed consisting of able and lustie men and the highest and strongest horses or a Companie of Harquebussiers or Carabines which are more lightly armed as shal be discribed in the States list following The Officers then of a Troupe of Horse and the dutie of a Horseman or a centinell through their severall degrees are these 1 A Horseman 2 A Good-Smith or Farrier 3 A Clark or Fourrier 4 Two Trumpetters 5 Three Corporals 6 A Quartermaster 7 A Cornet 8 A Lieutenant and 9 A Captaine

squadron himself in the feild or vpon their guards Hee ought also to be a good Guide and to know well the passages and avenues of a Countrie for the expediting of a sudden surprize His place when his Captaine is present is to bring op the Reere of the Troupe causing the Horsemen to follow their Captaine and Cornett in good order and that they keepe duelie their Rankes and files and to have an eye that none of them straggles out of his ranke or file Comming to fight either in Battell skirmish or ortherwise when his Captaine and Cornet is to give a charge vpon an Ennemie he keepes him self alwaies in the Reere with his sword drawne to animate and encourage the Souldiers to fall on and if any one of them should play the Coward break out of his rank or run away if he should kill him he hath the mends in his owne hand and the Lieutenant maye wel answere it to his chiefe for such a coward or faint hearted souldier by his euill exsample showes others to runaway which maye not onely be the overthrouw of the Troupe but also of a whole Regiment His dutie is also to visite the guards and to see that the centinels discharge well their duties and to give Commaund to the Corporals that they be duely relieved That vpon the sight of an Ennemie they come in orderlie and guie the alarme betimes that the Troupe maye draw into armes and be in a readinesse to entertaine the Ennemie or else have leisure to reteate unto stronger forces for their defence Of a Captaine The Commaund and charge of a Captaine of a Troupe of Horse is very honorable and it ought to be given to a man of respect and qualitie and one that is descended of a noble birth whose valour and worth maye be answerable thereunto He ought also aboue al things to be religious fearing God temperate moderate just Continent wise and discreete curious in the choise of his men and horse and to see that they be well managed readie and his Troupe well exercised That they carrie themselves vaillantly vpon service in the face of the ennemie and to be carefull and vigelent vpon their watch Countenancing the good and puinshing the badd In doeing where of these Christian vertues will gaine him honour loue and respect not onely amonge those of his Troupe whome he Commaunds but also of his Chiefs and all other men besieds But if a Captaine either of Horse or foote be debauched leads an intemperate and a disorderlie life giuen to covetousnesse lucre and gaine he gives an ill exsample to those whome he commaunds for if he himself doth commit such vices how can he fasten a reproofe vpon a Souldier or how can he with a good conscience punish that fault in his souldier whereof he is guilty himself for surely a Captaine being the head of a Compaine from whence his name is derived who governes him self well and leads an vn blame able life guies a good exsample to his inferiour officers and the souldiers of his Compaine who lives vnder his Commannd He ought likewise to observe and keepe punctually all the orders and Commaunds given him by his Generall to be with his Troupe at the Rendevous vpon the time appointed To respect and obey his Chiefes and Superiour Officers He is vpon all occasions to be first on Horseback and vpon all services to carrie himself couragiouslie in the face of his Ennemie to showe noe signe of feare in the greatest danger least he should give discouragement to his souldiers He ought to take notice of those souldiers vnder his Commannd who carrie them selves vailliantlie and couragioustie before their Ennemies to encourage them and to reward them according to their deserts and to take notice of the names and surnames of everie Gentlemen and Souldier of his Troupe and sometimes to take the advise of some old experienced souldiers of his Compagine He ought not to suffer the Horsemen of his Troupe to ravage and spoile the Countrie nor to pillage and plunder the poore husbandmen and Contributaire pesants contrarie to the orders and proclamations of the Generall for obedience is the first Christian vertue required in a souldier and thus a Captaine by his valour worth wisedome and discretion maye aspire and attaine to a higher degree of honour and Commaund as his service and merit shall deserue and thus much in briefe for the souldiers Gentlemen and Officers appertayning to a Troupe of Horse OF THE ARMES Belonging to a Curassier and a Harquebussier according to the Placcard of the Lords the Statee Generall of the vnited Provinces HAving showne the severall duties of a souldier a Gentleman and the Officers belonging to a Troupe of Horse it resteth now that wee come to the arming of them as followeth In a Cuirassier then is required that he be a man of an able bodie who is mounted vpon a strong and a lustie horse that he hath on a good buff-gerkin a short sword or Coutlase by his side a skarff about his armes and bodie of his princes coullour to distinguish him from his Ennemie coullour vpon any service or in the daie of battell He ought to be mounted upon a stronge and a lustie horse or Gelding which is fiueteene palmes high according to the measure there of ordayned by the States Edict namelie to meate his height with a cord of that length beginning from his fore-hoofe vpwards to his shoulder blade and soe to the lower part of his maine and likewise to be provided with a good Sadle and Bridle with two good pistolls hanging at his sadle bowe in two strong pistoll Cases the length of the pistoll barrils being at the least foure and twenly ynches long carrying a bullet of twentie in the pound and of 24. which will roule in to his pistoll For his Armes about his bodie he is first armed with a close helmet or a Cask pistoll proofe vpon his head 2. with a Gorget about his neck 3. His brest and back peeces which ought to be pistoll proofe 4. His Pouldrons and vambrases his Guard de reines 5. his gandes 6 his Cassets or thigh peeces reaching from his girdle beneath his knees and as is said two pistolls hanging at his saddle and thus a Curassier is armed de cap en pied pied at all points even from the head to the foote The armes of a Harqut bussier is lighter to wit first with a Cask open before 2 with a gorgett brest and back peeces which ought also to be pistoll proofe a good Carabine hanging at his belt about his bodie where of the length of the barrill ought to be at the least three foote longe which will carry a rowling bullett of 17 in the pound haveing his Touchboxe and Cartouch all in a readinesse provided also with a good Horse 15 palmes high well managed with a good Sadle Bridle Coutlace and a skarff as the Figure on the other sijde demonstrates Of the managing of his Horse A Cuirassier