Body for one File alone cannot be said to have any Ranks in it but joyning two or more Files together unto one you may account them provided they be six deep to have so many Ranks for number as doth extend from their Leaders to their Bringers-up And further know that a Rank is a Row of men standing shoulder to shoulder in an even line from the left Flank to the right or from the outmost man upon the left unto the outmost man upon the right standing all in a row File-wise Neither can it be said of one Rank to have any Files in it for as the closing of Files to Files makes Ranks so the adding of Ranks to Ranks makes Files As for the Depth of Files they have in these latter Ages much varied therein sometimes making them sixteen deep others ten and eight deep and now lately they have brought them unto six deep as being the custom of the Swedes and the French and altogether now the practice here in England In which form and way I purpose to walk But to proceed to my former promise to the Souldier There is in every Body of men drawn up consisting of Pikes and Muskettiers whether of greater or smaller number it makes no matter A Front a Reer a Right-flank and a Left-flank there is also Front-half-files and Reer-half-files there is a Right-half-ranks and a Left-half-ranks and there is a Length and Depth of the Battail and of every one of these in their several kinds They have their particular extents and bounds according to their number of men Therefore take notice in the first place that the Front is the first Rank or Row of men which are the File-leaders and chief men of their Files who properly ought to take charge of their Files being as it were their Captains and leads them first on in the Brunt against a furious Enemy The extent of the Front is from the left-hand File-leader unto the Leader of the right-hand File The Reer is the last Row or Rank of men being the Bringers-up of the Files who next the Leaders are the chiefest men of honour in the File and are as it were unto them their Lieutenants and in the absence of their Leaders they are to take charge of the File and to instruct them in their postures the extent of the Reer is from the Bringer-up of the left-hand File unto the place of the Bringer-up of the right The right Flank is the outmost File upon the right where always ought by the way to be very able Souldiers placed because they first give onset or fire against the Enemy if on that part they shall be charged the extent of the right Flank is from the Leader of the right-hand File unto the Bringer-up of the same The left Flank likewise is the outmost File upon the left and his extent is from the Leader of the left-hand File unto the Bringer-up The Front half-Files extent or bounds reacheth no farther then from the Front unto the midst of Ranks or to the Bringers-up of the Front half-files which being but six deep is the third Rank from the Front and the length of the same reacheth from the outmost part of the left Flank until you come unto the right The Reer half-Files beginneth from the midst of Ranks or from the fourth Rank from the Front and runneth downward in his depth to the Bringer-up of the whole File and the Length of the same is to be taken side-wise as they stand shoulder to shoulder from the outmost man upon the left unto the outmost man upon the right The right half-Ranks in their Length runneth no farther then from the outmost man upon the right unto the midst of Files or to the left-hand File-leader of the right half-Ranks the Depth of the right half-Ranks reacheth from the Front running down unto the Reer As for the left half-Ranks as much may be said to take his Length from the midst of Files or from the right-hand File-leader of the left half-Ranks unto the outmost Files upon the left the Depth of the left half-Ranks may be understood in form and manner conformable to the right Next come we to speak of the Length and Depth of the whole Battail the Length of the Battail is ever to be accounted of the number of men in a Rank and not in a File for the Files perhaps may not be above six deep when that there may be hundreds in a Brest in the Ranks and farther the Length of any Battail is to be taken from the outmost point of the left Flank or left-hand File-leader stretching it self forth by an even Line along until you come to the outmost point of right Flank or right-hand File-leader the Depth of the Battail always is to be taken from the Front or first Rank and going down backward in a straight Line down to the Reer to the last Rank or to the Bringers-up of the Files For as the Length of the Battail is to be taken from the left Flank going along in Front unto the right so the Depth of the Battail is to be taken from the Front going backward down to the Reer There is also to be understood that in every Battalia drawn up there are other parts and Denominations very considerable to be known that is in every such an one there is a Van-Guard a Reer-Ward and Main-Battail The Van-Guard are the Muskettiers upon the right or the right Flank or as most commonly called amongst us in these days the Right-wing or the Left-wing which are the Muskettiers and the Flankers of the Body of Pikes the reason as I conceive the Muskettiers are accounted and called Wings is because they are first drawn off as by flying motions in Forlorns to engage against an Enemy but of this by the way To proceed the Reer-Ward or Reer-Guard are the Muskettiers on the left Flank and the Battail is the Body of Pikes and here I shall conclude concerning the description of a Body CHAP. XXVI Directions to all such as shall desire to exercise a Foot-Company with some admonitions to the Souldiers as shall be exercised by them HE that intends to exercise a Body of men must truly know what he shall command and so to give his directions unto the Souldiers as they may aptly make ready execution of the same He must at such times above all the rest assume unto himself the confidence and presence as near as he is able of a compleat Souldier He is also to stretch out his voice so as he may conveniently be heard and understood by the inferior Officers and Souldiers which will cause them more readily to obey his commands He ought to carry a chearful countenance unto them provided they do well but otherwise if carelesly disregarding his Commands he may look harshly upon them His eyes ought to be quick and nimble observing all their motions whether it be to the right or left to the Front or Reer and nimbly stepping to them to stay
a short time will reduce them to their former places without using these thred-bare words As you were variety being more profitable and delightful unto them provided they understand it then to accustom them in an ordinary and plain way of reducing But here some men will be ready to carp and say that I have troubled my self to little purpose in setting down more Doublings then are used abroad upon service To whom I answer that there are none if rightly understood but are of singular use one time or another either in private Meetings or in those great Nurseries of Military Discipline the famous Academies of this our Island the Artillery and Military Gardens who for Field-service have train'd up and sent forth many worthy able and gallant Souldiers into the Armies lately raised in our Nation between the King and Parliament whom I pray God happily to reconcile But suppose many of these Doublings have not been seen by some to be used in the field Are they not therefore useful perhaps not at such time they have had no occasion for to use them all which if not must they be rejected I answer positively that being rightly enquired into they have in them very useful and serviceable things against an Enemy whether it be in the Field or in Garrison As for Example the Muskettiers being brought either all into the Front or Reer or upon one of the Flanks which often hapneth an Enemy appearing there then they would be of sigular good use for our advantage and very disadvantageous to the Enemy The like may be spoken of the Pikes who are by several of these Doublings brought into those places being there very serviceable to receive a desperate Charge of Horse if upon any of these parts they should fall on Observe further that in many of these Doublings as the one arms shall face or charge against an Enemy so contrariwise the other lies more secure in safety to be preserved from danger of the shot Moreover according unto the number of men either in Length or Depth a Leader may by these words of Command or the like at the same time double his Front Reer or Midst by doubling of Ranks and may farther make use of them at one and the same time to double by Files his right left Flank and Midst all at one instant But I shall not need to set down words of Command for the doubling Front Reer Flanks and Midst after this manner but leave that unto the apt Souldier to make use of such words of Command formerly shewen and to frame them suitable for any such purpose so intended But before I shall conclude concerning the use of these Doublings as I said before there are many of them which by command will bring any men in the Body to fight unto that part which shall be most weak or assaulted by an enemy And again he may cast them so into the Body by a doubling as shall preserve from danger whom he shall think fit And to say more there is no part of the Body or Arms but by words of Command in doublings may be brought forth as Frontiers against the enemy and may be placed again into the midst of the Body for more security and others in like manner may be brought forth for their relief Therefore it much concerns all Souldiers and Commanders to be truly knowing in all the several kinds of Doublings out of which he may make singular good use according to his discretion at all such times as need shall require whether it be in Field or otherwise in Garrison CHAP. XXXVIII Of Inversion and Conversion NOt to omit any thing which may be beneficial for the knowledge of all them that intend to be good proficients in the Art of Military Discipline my subject in this Chapter shall be of Ranks filing and Files filing and Ranks ranking and Files ranking which are by some called Inversion and Conversion yet seldom mentioned by any Leader in the time of his Exercise for this reason as I suppose because the Souldiers for the most part are unacquainted with them which causeth all our Leaders in our private Meetings here in London to deliver forth unto their Souldiers such words of Command as may readily and aptly be understood by them which are Ranks File to the right or left or Files File to any hand which is no other then Inversion And again Ranks rank to the right or left either in equal or unequal parts or entire to the Front or Files to rank in the like kind may be termed Conversion And in my opinion they do the better that shall thus express themselves to the capacity of every Souldier then for to puzzle them with the words Inversion Conversion I intend therefore without curiosity plainly to set down their several Commands Directions and Reducements keeping my former method concerning Doublings For in all and every one of them they do either double the length or depth of the Front Reer Midst or Flanks no part of the Military Exercise affording more plenty of matter then they carrying always along with them many things of excellent use For example suppose a Prince General or any other person of quality were to pass thorow the Company a discreet commander would presently command their Ranks to invert or file to the right and left outward which immediately becomes as it were a Street or Gallery for the honouring and securing of their persons Moreover it is of use for the lodging of the Colours or upon Funeral-occasions or taking their leave from their Captain where they may pour forth their Volleys of shot all at one and the same time To be short being necessitated to march against a Battery it avoids the danger of the great Ordnance and likewise secures the Front of the Battalia from the imminent danger of any great shower of small shot poured forth by the Enemy As likewise it is of excellent use to march over a narrow Bridge or thorow a Lane Thicket or Salliport or such like difficult passages or if any Commander have a desire to use ancient Figures by it he may make the Saw Sheers or Diamond or being in one File they may aptly be drawn into a Ring where he that is an able posture-man standing in the midst may shew unto them their several postures and after easily reduce them again and thus much briefly of Inversion or Ranks filing Next come we to shew the excellent uses and services which may be performed by Conversion as first perceiving any man of worth to stand before the Front of the Battail or to pass by either of the Flanks then Ranks ranking or Files ranking into the Front or Ranks wheeling to either of the Flanks by these Commands the Souldiers aspects are thither brought to present unto him a volley of shot It is likewise very useful for the making of a Line against a Breast-work or lining of Hedges carrying it self several ways secretly to lie in Ambuscado
lie under the censure my self of mispending time I come therefore briefly in the next place to treat of Wheelings being a subject more profitable for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LV. Of Wheelings with their several uses HAving proceeded thus far in shewing all the several sorts and kinds of Military Motions it will now in the next place be expected that I speak somewhat of Wheelings and as formerly so now to set before the Souldier their several kinds and uses Wherefore take notice of two sorts Wheelings Angular and VVheelings on the Center which latter is commonly called the Prince of Orange his VVheeling being acted or performed by the Souldier two several ways that is to say Intire or Divisional Intire VVheelings to the Angles are when the Souldiers turn their Aspects from the Front proper to either of the Flanks or Reer whereby they may gain the VVind or Sun or some like advantage bringing their best Souldiers thither for to encounter an Enemy For the better performance of this Motion it will be convenient to close Ranks and Files into the midst to order and to keep their due distance both in Rank and File observing in their Ranks their right and left-hand-men following their Leaders always conforming themselves in their Motion to the most commendable Posture which is Pikes advanced Muskets poysed Wheeling the Battail on the Center is when they are so straightened with ground that they have not room to wheel to the right or left as in the former which gaineth as much more ground before the Front as formerly they stood on This Wheeling brings their best Souldiers to either of the Flanks or Reer I could wish that this Wheeling were more often practised amongst us for by it the Souldiers are better kept together in their Motion being not so apt to flie out as in the former Divisional Wheelings provided they have sufficient number of men are of singular good use to encounter several Enemies at one and the same time which the Front of our Battalia bringing our best Souldiers for to skirmish with them It is likewise useful to bring either Arms into Front Reer or both the Flanks for suppose the Muskettiers to be upon the Flanks and fearing a desperate charge of the Horse to fall upon them by a Division of Wheeling the Pikes are thither brought to receive their on-set and in the mean space the Muskettiers have time to recruit their Bandiliers again Much more might be spoken but my intent is not to fill my Book with impertinent discourses knowing what is already spoken is sufficient for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LVI Intire Wheelings Command WHeel your Battail to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The right or the left-hand-men in the Front are the hinges of these Motions the rest have a greater compass to march then they to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders Command Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The Left-half-ranks moveth forwards wheeling to the right and the right Half-ranks contrariwise faceth to the left side-wise falling backward moving still unto the place commanded CHAP. LVII Divisional Wheelings Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Reer Direction Open from the midst to convenient distance and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer open from the midst and wheel inward to the Front Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the right Flank Direction Face to the right Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the left Flank Direction Face to the left Command VVheel the Body inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the left Flank Command Wheel the body inward to the right Flank from the left Direction Face to the left and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the right Flank Command VVheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division Direction Half-files face about Front Reer-half-files turn off by Division Command Wheel your Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Ranks Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward both to the Front and Reer from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to convenient distance and wheel inward into Front and Reer Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division Direction Face outward and wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Face outward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Files Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and cause them to move backward to convenient distance to wheel off by Division from the midst of Files Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to both Flanks from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to both Flanks Command Wheel the outward Angles to the right and left about to the Center Direction Face to the outward Angles and close Ranks and Files to close order and the Angles on the right turn off to the right the Angles on the left turn off to the left Command Wheel the inward Angles to the right and left about inward from the Center Direction Face to the inward Angles or to the Center and wheel about to the right and left inward from the Center These are all the intire and divisional Wheelings that have hitherto been practised by any according to my best observation there are other Wheelings which may properly be term'd Doublings which I have placed amongst the Doublings where they more properly belong Now if any shall demand of me a reason why I have omitted the Reducements to each particular Command my answer thereunto is easie for as in the Counter-marches so in these they may be reduced by three or four words of Command except a Commander shall of set purpose keep them off from the same to make some experiment After any wheeling is performed face them after to the first Front and command them to even their Ranks and straighten their Files they will
right and left about Ranks ranking downward to the Reer and ranking as they were 10 Fire losing ground falling off to the right and left about just before the Front of Pikes 11 Now if the Enemy pursue eagerly and that you cannot make a safe retreat marching face all about and fire upon them by way of Extraduction or by half-ranks divided as formerly hath been shewen And thus much likewise briefly concerning Firings to the Reer Firings to the Flanks marching in the next place I shall shew some Firings to the Flanks for performance whereof it will be expedient to bring all the Muskettiers upon one of the Flanks but for order sake I will begin with the Firings from the right Flank 1 Fire to the right and gather up your Files it is to be performed after this manner The outmost File upon the right is to face to the right and to give fire and after to face to the Front and stand until the next File have fired in like manner and then the first File gathers up unto him upon the right even abrest and standing until the third File have faced to the right and fired in like manner and after facing to the Front the other Files moving up in the like way as before and following successively this rule until all have given fire and then to march up and even the Front of Pikes the Muskettiers will stand as at first when they were brought upon the right Flank 2 Fire to the right File-leaders leading up their Files next to the Pikes 3 Fire to the right Bringers-up leading away next the Pikes which being twice done reduceth them 4 Fire to the right leading up on the contrary Flank either by the File-leaders or Bringers-up 5 Fire to the right and leading up by Bringers-up between the Pikes and passing through to their places again doing the same reduceth them 6 Fire to the right and leading up between the Pikes by the Leaders and passing through the Pikes again to the right they will be as at first the like may be done to the left or in some kind to both Flanks at one and the same time 7 Fire to the right by Ranks wheeling and Ranks to rank as they were to the right upon their marching reduceth them 8. Fire to the right by Ranks inverting or filing and upon the March the Souldiers ranking reduceth them 9. Fire to the right Files filing and gathering up their Files to the left reduceth them These Firings being performed marching the next shall be upon a Stand where note you must cast all your Muskettiers upon that Flank where you conceive the Enemy will fall on whether right left or both but for order sake we usually begin with the right wherefore face to the right and proceed as followeth Firings to the right Flank upon a Stand. 1. Fire and fall in the Reer of your selves 2. Fire and flank the Pikes 3. Fire even with the Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves 4. Fire even with the Reer moving forth to the right and left by Ranks falling in the Reer of themselves 5. Fire by extraduction by half-ranks drawn forth and falling Rank after Rank in the Reer of the Pikes after to reduce them as at first cause them to double their Front by Division These Firings may as well be performed to both Flanks as to one the Body being faced accordingly which would make many Firings more but these already set down may be sufficient for any ingenious capacity to work upon for the present observing this rule that in every Firing he shall make use of in time of his Exercise he may reduce them by another which will be more pleasing to the Souldier by reason of the great variety it affords unto them Now now in the last place I know it will be expected that I should speak something of the use of Firings wherefore briefly thus Firings to the Front marching or moving when we either pursue after or approach to an Enemy Firings to the Front maintaining ground when two Bodies encounter one another Firings to the Front losing ground when either we are forced thereunto by necessity or that we do it out of policy to draw the Enemy into a train or snare Firings to the Reer marching when we are pursued by an Enemy yet would continue our March until we have gained some place of importance or advantage Firings to the Reer upon a Stand when we are compelled thereunto by the violent pursuit of an Enemy or else when we have gained a place of advantage of ground or have recovered the Wind or Sun whereby we are the better able to encounter with them Firings to the Flank or Flanks marching when we are assaulted by some Ambuscado secretly placed to hinder our passage or supposing two Armies are marching to one and the same place a River being betwixt them Firings to Flank or Flanks standing when the Enemy chargeth on with a resolution to cut off or divide part of the Army from the other Having thus briefly set down several Firings to Front Reer and both Flanks with their uses either marching or standing I hold it convenient in the next place to give some short directions in time Battail both to the Officers and their Souldiers First that the Drummers have a vigilant eye upon their Commanders whose voices are drown'd by the loud thundring of the Cannon or Muskettiers as also by the neighing of Horses or the lamentable cries of the maim'd and wounded Souldiers at which time the Leaders Staff Half-pike or what else he carries in his hand may be sufficient for to instruct them to continue their charge retreat or else to charge home Secondly that the Serjeants be careful in time of Battail that their Souldiers be at their due distance of order both in Rank and File and that upon their Firings whether they be Forlorns either of Files or Ranks drawn forth or otherwise by Divisions they see them neatly and handsomely perform'd by cocking their Matches and presenting something lower then brest-high and after Uncocking and returning them wheeling off either to the right left or both falling in the Reer of themselves or elsewhere as shall be appointed in an orderly manner whereby they may decently come up again to Fire against the Enemy Thirdly that the Souldiers present and give fire upon their Rests not using that slovenly posture of popping their Matches into the Pan their Muskets being on their left sides which is not onely hurtful unto themselves but much endangers their Fellow-souldiers and by so doing they scarce or ever do any execution against an Enemy But here I meet with an objection framed by the Souldiers after this manner Our Rests are of little or no use unto us in time of skirmishing fit they are we confess in the Military Gardens but in time of Battail both troublesome and cumbersome unto us To whom I reply what if they be a little cumbersome at first must
his Majors absence Some are of opinion it would be convenient to place the Lieutenant-Colonels eldest Serjeant there but in my judgement it is very unhandsome to see any Halberdeer either to lead or bring up any Division marching in a Regimental way and rather then I should do it I would let it go unsupplyed but if he shall be there placed to bring up his best way of marching is either with Pallizado or half-pike and not with his Halberd CHAP. VI. The ordering of a Regiment to the long March with the placing of the Officers and the leading of Carriages THe Major giving to every Captain his proper place to march in and what Divisions they are to lead and what to bring up in written notes under his hand commands the Drum-Major to beaâ— a March and so consequently all the rest to take it from him The Souldiers being warned thereby begin to shoulder their Arms and prepare to move the Colonel on Horsback being attended on by his Martial and Quarter-master draws off the first Division of Muskettiers his Captain-Lieutenant being six foot behinde him which Division is brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up The eldest Captain follows next leading the first Division of Pikes and brought up by his own Lieutenant The next Division of Muskettiers is led by the third Captains Lieutenant and the Reer of the first grand Division is brought up by the third Captain There ought to be full 18 foot of ground betwixt each Division he that brings up a Division ought to be cleer six foot behinde the same and he that leads to be six foot before so that there will be six foot proportion of ground betwixt them both for the better distinguishing of their Divisions the Leaders and Bringers-up thereof And where there is not room sufficient for the marching so many abrest as they are now ordered they must subdivide being careful to preserve their Divisions marching in greater depths at their due distance of open order in rank and order in file For the Serjeants must not presume upon any sub-dividing to bring them down in the Reer of them that march before and keep them intire in all their respective Divisions And it must be their observation to attend upon the Flanks even abrest with those Leaders of Files that were taken off that when there is ground and room enough they more readier know where to finde them and to lead them up again as they were at first Care likewise must be had upon any sub-dividing of the Pikes that there be none of the Colours divided who are in a Regimental way to march all three together according to their first placing These rules and observations concern both grand Divisions Now the first being led away as is before exprest there ought to be sufficient ground betwixt each grand Division for the leading of the Carriages and in the first place there is to be considered that to most Regiments there is allowed two Waggons for the Baggage and Ammunition and two Field-pieces or great Cannon besides other Carriages which more concern the Victual for the Souldiers as occasion shall require now concerning the ordering and securest placing of all these upon the March will be in the midst of the Regiment and to have those which are ordred for their Guard to be Fire-locks or to have Snap-hances for the avoiding of the danger which might happen by the Cole of the Match and being placed where any attempt of the Enemy shall fall on either to Front Reer or either Flank the Cannon may thus be easily drawn forth to fire upon them and all the wood of the Carriages with their Guard to be ordred in the Reer where-ever the assault should happen for their better security and safety The Major in the next place if he please may lead the second grand Division to which purpose he draws off with the assistance of his own Lieutenant the first Division of Muskettiers his Lieutenant being six foot behinde him and so much before the Muskettiers The next that follows is the second Body of Pikes which is led by the second Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant The last Division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the Reer of the whole Regiment is brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonel The Serjeants are to march upon the Flanks attending their own men that when they are to be reduced into Companies they may know more readier where to finde them and according to order they may draw them off to compleat up their Captains Companies As for the Drums the care thereof belongs to the Drum-Major to place and to ease them timely by reliefs to beat as many or as few as he shall think fit to which purpose he orders them to fall in betwixt the second and third Rank of Muskettiers and Pikes of each Division but when they are all even abrest the Drums are placed according as you see them marked The Figure for the long-March in the next place followeth CHAP. VII The first Exercise of a Regiment in the plainest and easiest way THe Major finding the commodiousness of the ground may draw them up all even abrest again and proceed to exercise them in a Regimental way conferring before-hand with the Captains Lieutenants Ensigns and Serjeants what he intends to do Whether he will exercise every Maniple or Division as is usual in a private Company in all their plain Motions and Firings which may be very proper and easily done or otherwise proceed to more variety in every Division to give them commands as one man either to face double or otherwise according to discretion And having fully instructed them of all his intents and purposes he must begin to consider of the best manner for the managing of the same To which end he shall do well to command the first grand Division to advance forward 12 paces clear of the second and after face them to the Front and they will stand in manner as in Folio 147. After he must consider how many Files of Muskettiers there are and whether he can branch them forth into equal Divisions sutable to the Pikes but finding them to stand but 18 of a side he shall do well for time of his Exercise to draw off eight Files of Muskettiers from the Reer which were formerly appointed to guard the Ammunition or Baggage and add two to every Division of Muskettiers which will make them 20 Files of each side of the Pikes and then he may thus proceed Command Files to their open order and Ranks to close forward to order in each grand Division every five Files of Muskettiers of each Division close to the right to order the first six files of Pikes in each grand Division close to the right to order the rest of the Pikes close every five Files to the right to the same distance then there will be in each grand Division four Divisions of Pikes and eight of Muskettiers in manner as
up amounteth to 27. And thus much for the Colonels Division Now for the left Half-ranks or Lieutenant-Colonels Division as many times it is so ordred and appointed his own Company being drawn up upon the outmost part on the left of the Regiment and next to his right after each other is drawn up the third seventh fourth and Majors Company whose Figure of Dignity standing Rank-wise may be thus described 2 6 10 7 3 and their number of Dignity in all amounteth to 28. Where you may perceive a rule that the Discretion of the Major walketh by in the drawing up of the Regiment to ballance with as neer proportion as he can the Number Worth and Dignity of his right Half-ranks or right Flank sutable with that of the left For it would be unreasonable that all the best men should be on the right and that the left of the Regiment who are to oppose the Enemies right should have the weakest or meanest men of Worth therefore without all question that Body of men that shall be drawn up so as to make all parts of equal Worth and Strength as the right Flank with the left the Front with the Reer so that where-ever the Enemy shall fall on to charge any one of these parts being all made equal in Strength and Worth it must needs prevent all murmuring complaints and carry best approbation to all knowing Commanders And thus much briefly may be spoken in the commendation of the ordring of his Regiment thus far The Captains now standing by their own Colours on the head of the Pikes and their Companies being drawn up all and standing in an even Front the Major next commands the Muskettiers to stand the Pikes and Colours to troop forth some ten or twelve paces cleer of the Muskettiers and then they likewise to stand and after to close their Files to the midst to order Next he commands the Muskettiers in their Files to close outward to order commanding them afterward to move up and flank the Pikes after which he orders the Body into thirteen remarkable Divisions four Divisions of Muskettiers upon each side of the Pikes and the Pikes into five divisions having their Colours fly by two and two and to be led by the Ensign-bearers that do belong to each of them excepting the first and middle divisions for they have Leaders in chief as the first and fifth Captain and the third Captain to bring up the Reer of the whole Body of Pikes For more fuller illustration of the leading and bringing up of each division in the Regiment upon their Long-march observe these following directions 1 The Regiment being upon their march the first division upon the right is led by the Colonel his Captain-Lieutenant marching in the Reer of him several paces and that particular division is brought up by the Captains-Lieutenants Bringer-up 2 The second division of Muskettiers is led by the second Captain-Lieutenant and brought up by the first or eldest Captains-Lieutenant 3 The third division of Muskettiers is led by the sixth Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant 4 The fourth division of Muskettiers is led by the fifth Captains Lieutenant and brought up by the fourth Captain 5 The first division of Pikes is led by the eldest Captain having the Colonels and second Captains Colours flying in the head of them Place this between page 162 and 163. This Regiment being thus drawn up they stand in the length of their Front or Battalia 150 abrest and six in their depth having two thirds of Muskettiers and one of Pikes their number amounting in all to 900 men each particular Company consisting of fifteen Files and containing in each of them 90 men a piece but the Field-Officers Companies are many times larger Place this between page 164 and 165. 6 The second division of Pikes is led by the fifth and sixth Captains Ensigns having their own Colours flying upon the head of the same 7 The third Division of Pikes is led by the fifth Captain having the Majors and eldest Captains Colours flying upon the head of the same 8 The fourth division of Pikes is led by the fourth and seventh Captains Ensigns having their own Colours flying upon the head of the same 9 The fifth and last Division of Pikes is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels and third Captains Ensigns having likewise their own Colours flying upon the head of the same and the Reer of the Pikes is brought up by the third Captain 10 The first division of Muskettiers on the left Flank is led by the second Captain and brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant 11 The second upon the left is led by the third Captains Lieutenant and brought up by the Majors Lieutenant 12 The third division is led by the seventh Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant 13 The fourth or last division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the Reer of the Regiment is brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonel Notwithstanding I have thus laid down the manner of the Divisions with the placing of the Officers there are also from all these divisions both of the Pikes and Muskettiers sub-divisions drawn off upon the Long-march betwixt every fifth or sixth File as they can equally divide them with even proportions to march And for the leading of such divisions there are Serjeants cast in that properly belong unto them which do lead and bring them up so that upon this accompt they make in their Long-regimental-march some thirty divisions by reason as I conceive upon any Alt or convenient place of drawing them all up even abrest the Serjeants as well as the superiour-Officers may be helpful to bring up the File-leaders again as at the first into their proper places And thus far I have endeavoured for the satisfaction of all ingenious Souldiers to set forth the manner of Colonel Rainsboroughs Regiment of their drawing up disposing of Colours and placing of Officers as was the Observation of my ever-honor'd Friend and most exquisite knowing Souldier Thomas Walker one of the Captains of the same Regiment and a true lover of the Military-art who frienly communicated to me the practise of their Regiment Which although it differs from the drawing up of all others in our Army as I am inform'd they varying in one kinde or other by their several ways I question not but this may be as good as any of the rest which I leave to the judgment of the curious searchers into this Art whilst I proceed to shew the Figures following CHAP. XVIII A third way of drawing up a Regiment of Ten Companies after the manner used amongst the Swedes THe Companies meeting altogether whether it be in the Alarum place otherwise at their general Randezvous where they have ground and room sufficient enough for their drawing up The Major appointing forth unto the Lieutenant-Colonels Company a place most convenient to stand he draws all the rest of the Companies upon the left of him after this
his Captains intentions and purposes before-hand he may be the better provided to withstand the furious onset of the Enemy He ought to have the Ensign and all other Officers of the Company as near him as may be there being often-times urgent business to make use of them as occasion shall require He must neither cashiere nor punish any man in the presence of his Captain but ought to make him acquainted therewith that he may punish the offender by committing him either to prison or cause him to give recompence to the party wronged To conclude he ought to know how far his power doth extend either in the presence or absence of his Captain always demeaning himself so that he may gain the love of his whole Company by acting those things amongst them as may be just and honest Of a Captain HE that is a Captain of a Company ought in respect he leadeth the same and is Chief to appoint unto the Officers their several places what Divisions they shall lead and where they shall march and according to the number of Files to make his Divisions answerable thereto by dividing his Muskettiers as near as he can the one half upon the right of the Pikes and the other upon the left for they being the Flankers ought equally to be ballanced but if there be an odd File it ought to be contrived and carried to the right In the Van Battail or Reer he must according to the number of his men order his Officers places and draw them off accordingly in as equal a way as they will afford He is as well as his own to know all the several duties of his Officers and to be a good Posture-man himself that when he sees any of his Souldiers handling their Arms in an undecent and slovenly manner he may the better reprove them for the same And although many Captains regardeth them not but leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour Officers yet it is a great deal of honour to him when his Souldiers shall be taught by himself they more cheerfully and confidently marching along with him when as they perceive that he is throughly knowing in all things belonging to his charge He shall do well to exercise his Company sometimes himself teaching them how to fight upon all occasions whether it be to Front Reer or Flanks or upon surprise of an Ambuscado or any other disadvantage which may befall them informing them how to fall off and rally again in good order And at such times he must couragiously and wisely behave himself and incourage his Souldiers of hopes of Victory casting off all appearances of fear or danger whatsoever cheerfully animating his Souldiers to fall on taking care and making much of them and not to forsake them until such time they may be relieved by others He is to have a fatherly care of his Souldiers timely providing for the maimed wounded and sick such helps and remedies as their present conditions requires He must likewise see that there be no want of Victual Arms or Ammunition He ought not to be covetous nor keep back his Souldiers pay but to see them duly paid visiting and relieving them according to their several wants and necessities His care must be to execute Justice appease quarrels punish offenders by doing whereof he will maintain the honour and dignity of his place He ought to carry a very even hand over his Souldiers and to be very courteous and kind unto them yet with that restriction of familiarity that he come not under contempt And again he must not be too rigid and harsh caning or beating them without just cause lest he incurre their hatred who secretly or in time of Battail will seek to be revenged of him endeavouring to kill him before their enemy therefore he ought to be wise and discreet in his commands and carriage towards them His place of marching with his Company is some six foot before the first Division of Muskettiers but if his Company be drawn up he is either upon a Stand or upon the March to be on the head of the Pikes six foot before the Ensign In time of Battail although he leads his men up first against the Enemy yet he is not always tied to be in the Front having often just occasion to remove down into the Reer Midst or Flanks carefully casting his eye upon all parts of the Body thereby preventing the least error or neglect of his Souldiers directing them what to do keeping them in good order as long as occasion shall require Moreover he ought to be very religious temperate and discreet faithful in his trust valiant in the field against the face of his enemy and being besieged in either Town or Fort for to preserve his honour never give his consent for the yielding it up until it be past hope that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer Of a Serjeant-Major HIs duty is every morning and evening or upon any other occasion to attend upon the General Martial of the Field or Serjeant-Major-General of the Army to receive his Orders how or in what manner the Regiment shall march whether in a single Battalion or else in two to be joined with others After which he gives order accordingly unto the Captains how to draw up their Companies and orders them accordingly At which time of embattelling or marching he ought to be as near the midst of the Regiment as he can for the better regulating of the same He is to place all the Officers according to their Dignity where they are to lead and where to bring up and which men they shall take charge of to fight causing the Drum-Major after they are all drawn up and the other Drummers to beat a March and to move all at one instant as occasion shall require He ought to make all the Divisions as near equally alike as possible he can He must likewise be well verst in the several drawing up of Regiments with their various forms of Battail that according to the condition of the place ground number of men and Orders received from the Major-General or Majors of the Brigades he may not shew himself a Novice or one that is to seek nor ought he to go dully or slothfully upon his charge or place but to be very ready quick and nimbly performing with much ease and readiness his Battalions and grand Divisions In their drawings up he may be permitted to have Pen Ink and Paper for to take an accompt of the several strengths of the Captains Companies and to order his men accordingly and ought to give unto all the Officers of the Regiment notes in writing of their several charges and places In time of fight or otherwise marching with the Regiment he is to be on horse-back in regard he is the eyes hands and feet thereof in time of Battail he is to see every Officer to perform his charge and Souldier his duty forcing and compelling them forward if in case
yet in regard the Harquebus differeth nothing from the Carbine in length only in the Bore the manner of using them is one and the same In Marching he is to carry his Carbine hanging at his Belt by his right side or else to order it upon his right thigh In Fight he is to strive to gain the left side of his Enemy contrary to the Curassier because that in presenting he is to rest his Carbine on his bridle-hand placing the butt-end on the right side of his Breast neer his Shoulder He must exercise himself that he may use his Carbine with exactness and dexterity and be exquisite in shooting at Marks For the manner of handling the Harquebus or Carbine the directions before delivered may serve for sufficient Instruction but forasmuch as now adays our Carbines are made with Snaphans and somewhat differ from the former I will set down the order of handling of it in the several words of Command Postures for the Snaphans-Carbine 1. Order your Carbine 2. Sink your Carbine into your Bridle-hand 3. Bend your Cock 4. Guard your Cock 5. Prime 6. Shut your Pan. 7. Cast about your Carbine 8. Guard your Flasque 9. Lade your Carbine 10. Draw your Rammer 11. Shorten your Rammer 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home 13. Withdraw your Rammer 14. Shorten your Rammer 15. Return your Rammer 16. Recover your Carbine 17. Order your Hammer 18. Free your Cock 19. Present 20. Give fire He is to use his Sword in all respects as the Curassier Of Exercising the Dragoon THe Dragoon is of special use and service to assist the Cavalry as Infantry for there be many considerable Exploits which cannot be effected by the Cavalry alone The Muskettier must therefore exercise himself to give fire on Horsback When they come to guard a Passage or do other the like service they are to alight and to demean themselves as Infantry and being alighted to do their service every of them is to cast his Bridle over the neck of his Sides-mans Horse in the same order as they marched keeping them so together by some purposely appointed to attend them Of Exercising the Cavalry in their Motions THe Horsman being sufficiently instructed in the managing of his Horse and in the use of his particular Arms it is time now that he be taught how to demean himself being joyned in a Body The Horse being to be exercised is to be drawn up into a Body not by Ranks as in the Infantry but by Files and those of 5 deep according to most Authors or of 6 deep according to others that of 5 being a number not divisible by 2 so that in doubling of Ranks or Half-files or the like there will always remain an odd Rank Others would have them especially the Harquebusiers to be 8 in File making the Troop to consist of 64 Men being drawn up into a square Body Being thus put into Battalia the first thing they are to be instructed in is Distance and herein there is a disagreement among Authors Some making Close order to be 2 paces Open order 4 paces and so forward to a triple quadruple Distance proportionable Others make but two kinds of Distances Close order which is 3 foot and Open order which is 6 foot And here a difference is to be observed between the manner of taking the Distance of the Cavalry and that of the Infantry for in the Foot the Distance is taken from the Center or middle of the Souldiers Body which here cannot be understood but only of the space of Ground between Horse and Horse But the best and latest Authors are of opinion that the Cavalry being to be exercised in their Motions should be at their Distance of 6 foot or Open order standing right in their Ranks and Files The Motions which belong to the Exercising of the Cavalry are principally four viz. 1. Facings 2. Doublings 3. Countermarches 4. Wheelings And here note that in the exercising of the Cavalry we use to this day the same words that the Graecians and Romans did of old for a File the Romans called Versus and Decura a Rank Jugum a File-leader Ducanus because their Decurae or File consisted of 10 Bringer-up they termed Tergi-ducor a Leader being every odd man in a File Phrastes a Follower which is every even number Substes a Side-man Astes Their Distances also were the same with ours their two Cubits every Cubit being a Foot and a half of our Measure agrees with our three Foot their four Cubits our six Foot and so increasing upon occasion They ordered their Horse-troops at six Foot Distance between File and File in March and three Foot in fight In all the motions we also retain the same words of Command which they used Facing they called Declinatio to the Right Left Hastam Scutum Facing about Immutatio Doubling by Ranks Files Duplicandi duo genera per juga versus Their Countermarches the same which we use Evolutio Chorica Macedonica Laconica per Decurias Scutum Wheelings the same with us Conversio ad Hastam Scutum Reversio est conversionis restitutio Inflexio Wheeling about The use of Facings is to make the Troop perfect to be suddenly prepared for a Charge on either Flank or in the Reer Doubling of Ranks or doubling by Half-files or by Bringers up is used upon occasion of strengthning of the Front Doubling of Files or doubling by Half-ranks serveth to strengthen the Flanks Countermarches serve either to reduce the File-leaders into the place of Bringers-up and so have the best men ready to receive the charge of the Enemy in the Reer or to bring one Flank into the place of the other or Front and Reer or either Flank into the middle of the Body The use of Wheelings is to bring the Front to be ready to receive the Charge of the Enemy on either Flank or Reer For the better information and satisfaction and for the easie apprehending of what hath been said those several Motions are here following represented in Figures by a Troop of Harquebusiers of 64 men and in every Figure the file-leaders are represented by this kind of A. the Bringers up by this kind of a. and the rest of the Body by this kind of a. The form of the first standing To face them to the Right is done by commanding Direction This is done by turning all at one and the same time to the right hand The Front is where the right Flank was To reduce them to their first form the word is Command As you were Direction It is performed by turning to the left hand From thence to face them to the left the Word is Command To the right hand Direction It is performed by turning to the left From hence they are to be reduced by saying Command As you were Direction It is performed by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reer though it be proper first to do it by the right hand yet for the more ready way I
doubt he had lost his Country In a word if you fight you set your fortune upon the Dice if you husband your business warily the storm will over If you be an undertaker the sooner you bring your Cause to trial the better you are like to speed delays are dangerous for change of Air Diet and other inconveniencies may breed sickness and divers ill humors in your Army and if your Enemy will not fight but make a Fabian or lingring War he may put you to your shifts therfore first acquaint your self with the strength and quality of your Enemies forces with the state of his Country with his own disposition and the disposition of those that are neerest about him and before you declare your self gain some of his great men if it be possible to take your part maintain good Spies in his Court. Forecast all that can further or hinder your design before you undertake it and let your Cause be just left you draw the vengeance of God and jealousie of other Princes upon you In your preparation let your first care be of the belly want of Victuals hath been the loss of many a brave design and the ruine of great Armies Let your men be well trained and such as have been used to exercise and labour if you can let them be all of your own Subjects provide plenty of materials and other necessaries for your design and use the means to begin your War with some notable loss to your Enemy so shall you terrify him and discourage his Allyes and friends from giving him assistance When you come to fight chuse ground as neer as you can to fight upon proper for the number and quality of your men if you be strong in Horse chuse champion if your strength be on foot and that you want Horse chuse uneven bushy or inclosed ground and place some Muskettiers in the distances between those Troops you have which may advance and give fire upon the Enemies Horse if they offer to charge cover one of your Flanks if you can with some River Morass or Wood. Make your Front so large that your Enemy may not be able with his Wings to charge you in Flank Let your Battalions be small as of five or six hundred at the most which may nimbly move charge retire or succour each other at their pleasures for great Bodies are unweildy and being forced to move cannot keep their order unless the ground be very even for upon uneven ground they will either fall foul or be forced to open and if an Enemy can then make use of his advantage and charge they are easily broken and being broken are irrecoverable whereas small Troops although they break may under the favour and succour of their seconds put themselves again in order and be able to do good service Use means to draw your Enemy off the ground he hath chosen to stand upon it may to your advange perhaps bring some disorder in his Troops Be sure to have store of Seconds and always keep some Troops in reserve rather give then attend the charge it will encourage your own men and dishearten the Enemy Charge on that hand you think your self the strongest Let the distances between the Battalions as also between the Terâ—â—a's of your Army be carefully kept and get the advantage of Sun and Wind if you can Of a Chase IF your Enemy turn his back and fly let the third part of your Van-guard Battail and Reer as also a third part of both the Wings of Horse be appointed for the Chase and let one third part of them so appointed chase the Enemy disbanded the rest following in their order to succour the disbanded Troops if the Enemy should turn head and make resistance and let the other two thirds of the Army leisurely advance in good order to countenance the Troops in Chase if occasion should require When you would have the Chasers retire let the Drums and Trumpets of those Chasers that keep their order sound the Retreat that the disbanded Chasers may know where to find their Troops and if it be night let the Drums and Trumpets of the rest of the Army likewise sound And let there be fires made in divers places in the Army whereby all the Chasers may the better find the way to their Quarter Of a Retreat TO make a good Retreat is one of the Master-pieces of a General nor is it dishonorable for him to take the advantage of any time that he finds useful for the safety of his Army and good of the Cause although some young Souldiers more hardy then wise think it a disparagement to retire in the night but he that will not retire in the night when reason and the benefit of his party doth require may stay and be beaten in the day Many Examples there are in Histories of Armies that have been lost by such gallantry and their party thereby ruined There is no experienced General so indiscreet or ill advised as to follow a retiring Enemy with his Gross in the night especially if he find him retire in good order for so he may be drawn into Ambuscadoes or his enemy may wait for him in places of advantage and do him an affront and what knows he when he finds the Retreat made orderly but his Enemy seeks to draw him out purposely to intrap him by this means the party retiring may before day get into a place of safety whereas if he retire by day his Enemy may safely follow him with his whole Army and pass upon all advantages whereof he shall find plenty in a well-ordered Army if he know how to make use of them and take his opportunity I therefore conclude that to retire by night without sound of Drum with matches covered or to use any other secret way to avoid an Enemy when occasion doth require is not dishonorable but the duty of a good Captain The Order that the Prince of Orange retired in from Gelders FIrst He possessed a high piece of Ground that lay half-way between Gelders and Rhineberk to which Town he was resolved to March and lodged there 2000 men well intrenched with some pieces of Ordnance then he made ready three ways for the Tertia's of the Army to march in Front before the Troops began to march he sent away the Baggage and great Ordnance with some part of the Ammunition An hour before day or thereabouts he gave Order that the Army should march and the three Tertia's drew out of the Quarter without sound of Drum and marched in even Front about 200 paces distant from each other until they came an English mile or more from the Quarter and then Command was given that the Drums should beat In the Reer of each Tertia came ten or twelve Field-pieces with Ammunition and all other necessaries belonging to them On either Flank marched sixteen Troops of Horse and after the Foot at a large distance came the rest of the Horse In this Order did he
may give great advantage to the Enemy For if there should want a sufficient Depth by gaining much Length in the Front we may perhaps be so weak there that an Enemy may quickly break through whereby much danger may ensue upon the same if not timely prevented by the discretion of the Commanders There is likewise in the doubling of Files or the half-Ranks doubling to either Flank a doubling of number of men and not of place carrying much variety of words of Command but the doubling of Files and of the left half-Ranks entire the Depth of the right Flank is not only a doubling of the number but a doubling of the place and Depth of the Battail In this doubling of the Depth care likewise must be had that we make not the Front too narrow lest we give opportunity to the Enemy to encircle and encompass it To conclude therefore take notice that Doublings were invented to strengthen any part of the Body that shall be weak whether in the Front or Reer-right-flank or left whether it be in number of men or place Length or Depth it is to be used according to the discretion of the Commander There is likewise farther to be considered in Doublings whether they double the number or place Length or Depth it is to be performed by one of these two either entire or divisional Doublings therefore I shall proceed and go on to shew what I conceive to be the properest way in the progress of them in a right order and therefore I will begin to set down the words of Command First to double the Front and so farther proceed to shew the Doublings of the Flanks And first of entire Doublings and next of the divisional and in the mean time I shall crave pardon from the courteous Souldier that I put not down several Pricks or Figures to set forth the same endeavouring rather to give him the words of Command for each particular Doubling with directions for performance of the same together with their several Reducements leaving it to his ingenious study and practice to make use of what he pleaseth where he may cull and chuse out such as shall be convenient and fit either for service or delight by the way advising him to retain in his memory what he intends to practise and not to meddle with any thing but what he assuredly knows will carry such weight and able reasons for their use and service as shall admit of no controlment from the judicious Souldier CHAP. XXX The words of Command for all Entire Doublings to the Front to be performed one time or other in time of Exercise Command RAnks to the right double Direction Every even Rank move forward with the right-leg and with three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the left double Or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the left double Direction Every even Rank from the Front move forwards with the left-leg and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right double or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double outward Direction Every even Rank move outward from the midst and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double inward or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double inward Direction Every even Rank from the Front move inward from the Flanks and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double outward or Ranks as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move forwards to the right into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left or Half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the left Direction Half-files advance forwards to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right or Half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance forwards to the right and left from the midst and move up into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward or half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Half-files move forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward or Half-Files as you were Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Direction Bringers-up advance your Arms and move forwards with the right leg into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Direction Bringers-up advance forward to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Bringers-up advance forward from the midst of the Reer to the right and left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Bringers-up advance forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the right entire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the right march forth and double the odd Reducement Right half-Ranks double your left Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks to the left entire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the left march forth and double the odd Reducement Left half-Ranks double your right-Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks inward entire Direction Every even Rank from the Reer move away outward until you be clear of the standing part and after every even Rank from the Front move forwards and double the odd Reducement The inmost Files double your Flanks to the right and left outward and after close Command Double your Ranks to the right entire every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move away to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men and double the odd Ranks Reducement Right half-Ranks double your left-Flank every man placing himself on the inside of his left-hand-man Command Double your Ranks to the left entire every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move away to the left and double the odd Ranks by placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Reducement Left half-Ranks double your right-Flank every man placing himself on the inside of his right-hand-man Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Direction Half-files face to the right and march clear of the standing part after face to your Leader move up even abrest and double the Front Reducement Right
to come up with more courage to fall on upon the Charge Therefore the best way amongst the ancient experienc'd Souldiers is that the Artillery be divided some here some there both before the Front between the Battalions and upon the Flanks and to be placed some 50 or an 100 paces one from another and then there will be no danger when the Enemy shall come up to shock to encounter you or to offend our own men Especially when they are fastned to them by drawing Ropes and Iron Rings that upon an instant they may be removed and turn'd for the advantage of our own Troops giving fire as fast as they can charge and discharge against the Enemies Troops it being a matter of great moment for the obtaining of a Victory and gaining the day from the Enemy But that many times the Ordnance cannot be planted in such convenient places as could be wished for in respect an Army may be driven into such places as the Ordnance must be planted according to the best ground it will afford by reason of Woods Hills or Marish-grounds and such like disadvantageous places may be oftentimes met withal for which no certain Rule may be given but that the General by his wisdom and discretion may make choice of the best advantages which might annoy an Enemy most and give the least offence to his own men either by dazling them by the Sun or by raising of the dust observing the winde which drives the Smoak both of the Ordnance and Small-shot full upon them To conclude it is conceived the best way for every Captain of the Ordnance and Master-Gunner to use some light Field-peeces and small Drakes which upon any occasion may be removed from one place to another being with ease planted upon such places of advantage as may most annoy the Enemy In the next place 3000 Horse may be a good proportion for 10000 or 12000 foot which ought to be equally divided in their Troops and placed upon the Flanks of the foot in such good order as the Troops may come with conveniencie to fight for the relieving of each other But in case you shall perceive the Enemies Horse as sometimes through necessity of ground or by other political ends may be interlaced and placed between the Intervals and Divisions of their foot it will be needful then that we should observe the same form and likewise have Horse to come forth and encounter with their Horse lest they should break in upon our Divisions of Foot which by this means and good order may be timely prevented Next follows the Figure of the Army as before described and ordered to be drawn up Folio 176. CHAP. XXIII The several duties belonging to the Foot in a Regiment as followeth by degrees from a private Souldier unto a Colonel of the same and first of a Private Souldier A Private Souldier ought to be very active not slothful and idle informing himself of his duty learning from his Corporal or other Officers the true use and well handling of his Arms always keeping them neat clean and well fixed Upon the beat of the Drum he is to repair to his Colours Squadron or Company upon the march he must observe his Leader and his right and left-hand-men that he may march streight in file and even in rank in time of Exercise he must be silent in the Body well minding the words of Command and Directions which are given forth by the Leader He ought likewise to be well vers'd in all the ordinary words of Command and to mind the place wherein he stands that he may the more readier move and not be to seek at such time when he shall be commanded whether it be to face double counter-march or wheel He must inform himself of all the several beats of the Drum as first or a Call second a Troop third a March fourth a Preparative fifth a Battle or Charge sixth a Retreat and also of the Revalley and the Tattoo By the first he is summoned to hear present Proclamation or else commanded to repair to his Colours upon the beat of the second he is to advance his Arms and to close in Rank and File to the distance of Order and to Troop along unto such places and services as he shall be commanded unto upon the hearing of the third he is presently to shoulder his Arms and to take his distance of six foot in Rank and three foot in File upon the fourth he is to close both in Rank and File unto the fighting distance which is called Order and to prepare himself for skirmish upon the beat of the next he is undauntedly to move forward boldly stepping in good Order into the place of his fellow-Souldier that shall happen to fall down dead before him upon the beat of the last he must orderly fall back either for relief or advantage of ground or other political ends whereby he may draw the Enemy into a snare The first of the remaining two gives warning in the morning for some of the Sentinels to fall off or to be taken in the latter is used in the night to give notice unto the Souldiers or others for their repairing to their several Guards Watches and Lodgings To conclude a private Souldier ought to avoid all Quarrelling Mutinies Swearing Cursing or Lying and to be content with his wages and likewise to be a good Husband in the well managing of his means keeping himself neat and handsome in his apparel avoiding drunkenness and all manner of gaming truely to serve and fear God and to be obedient unto all the commands of his superiours cheerfully going on upon all Duties and to be loving kind and courteous unto all his fellow-Souldiers The duty of a Sentinel A Sentinel must be very vigilant carefully casting his eyes about him and harkning whether he hear the noise or approach of any drawing neer him which if he perceive he is presently to command them to stand presenting his Musket or Pike to their brest after calling his Corporal for to take the Word unless he should be commanded to come in silently He is not to come off until he be relieved by the Corporal or Lanspassadoe His proper Posture being a Muskettier is to have his Musket rested and loaded with Powder and Bullet his Match cockt and his Pan guarded being a Pike-man if he stand Sentinel in the night he must have his Pike cheek'd if in the day his Pike ordered Or it may be a very proper Posture for a Pike-man to stand Sentinel with his Pike in his left-hand holding it a little below the cheeks thereof and with his Sword drawn being held in his right-hand which I leave to judge or to be made use of according to discretion and as occasion shall require Of a Gentleman of a Company A Gentleman of a Company ought to have such worth in him as may make him capable to be a File-leader or Captain of his File and he more especialy above the rest
into the Field to be Exercised as it is in use at this day Let this suffice for their particular Marching and Drawing up into Battalia as for their Marching in gross we shall next come to speak of that Concerning The MARCHING of an ARMY Both HORSE FOOT With the Train of Artillery Baggage c. Exemplified in an Army of 22000 Foot and 5000 Horse With the manner how the Prince of Orange Marched to besiege Groll The Marching of an Army I Come now to let you see an Army of 22000. Foot and 5000 Horse with thirty pieces of Ordnance to wit eight Half cannon six Quarter-cannon and sixteen Field-pieces march in a Country where they may be charged either in Front or Reer then shall I give you some rules for passing of Straits and Rivers And lastly I will shew you the form and Order that the Prince of Orange observed in some of his Marches You are to observe that the Army is to be divided into Van-guard Battail and Reer and because the Van is the most honourable place they change every day so that he that hath the Van this day hath the Reer to morrow and he that had the Battle marcheth in the Van so likewise he that had the Reer the first day marcheth in the Van the third day and this Order doth the Regiment in every Tertia also follow Being thus divided they are all upon Order given by the General to stand ranged in Battalia either in their several Quarters or in some place of Arms appointed for the whole Army and standing so in readiness Command being given to March There shall first set forwards 500 Horse in one or more Troops as occasion shall require to discover and cleer all the Passage that the Army is to march by they shall advance an English Mile or more according to the Quality of the Country before the Army and send a Corporal out of every Troop which best knows the Country with fifteen or sixteen Horse to search and scoure all suspected ways those Corporals shall also advance as much before their Troops as their Troops are before the Army or thereabouts according as the Country is opened or covered and always keep three or four Horse a Musquet shot before them to prevent any sudden surprise and if they discover any Enemies they are presently to send a Horse-man to advertise their Troops and they likewise to give notice to the Army They must also diligently inform themselves as neer as possibly they can with the strength of the Enemy and still send Messengers with advertisement by whom they shall also receive Order how they shall retire or dispose of themselves After them shall follow 1000 with Fire-locks and Half-pikes divided into several Troops as well to succour the said Horse as to guard the Ordnance of the Van-guard that follow and they shall also send fifty men on either Flank with sufficient Officers to discover and keep off small parties Then shall march two Companies of Pioniers to even the way for the Artillery and with them one Waggon with Materials and an other with Victuals Next eight Field-pieces all ready charged and attended by two Gentlemen four Gunners two Waggons loaden with Powder two with Bullets and one Conductor Then three Quarter-cannon likewise charged and attended by one Gentleman two Gunners one Waggon loaden with Powder one with Bullets and one Conductor After them four Half-cannon upon their Carrages attended by two Gentlemen four Canoniers four Waggons loaden with Powder four with Bullets one with a Bucks head and other Instruments necessary to mount and dismount the Pieces and two Conductors Next shall follow 2000 Horse marching in a good distance by Regiments or Troops and in good Order After them the Van-guard of Foot consisting of 7000 and marching orderly by Regiments at their appointed distances There shall follow them half the Ammunition and Victuals for the Army then the Generals and Chief Officers Waggon and lastly the particular Waggons belonging to the Van-guard and half of that which belongs to the battail marching and taking place in the same Order as do the Regiments they belong unto in their several Bodies Then shall march the Battail consisting likewise of 7000 Foot followed with the rest of the Ammunition Vivers and baggage of the Battail and also with that which belongs to the Reer After them shall march in well ordered Divisions the Reer of the Foot consisting of 6000 Foot and next 2000 Horse as aforesaid Then in the same order as is mentioned in the Van-guard shall march four Half-cannons three Quarter-cannon and eight Field-pieces accomplished with their appurtenances as Powder Bullets necessary Instruments and sufficient persons to manage and attend them Next them 1000 Fire-locks to guard the Ordnance and succour the Forlorn-hope of the Reer as is aforesaid Lastly to close up the Army shall march 500 Horse observing the same Order as is prescribed them in the Van-guard Many there are that dislike the placing the baggage among the Troops especially when the Army is to pass any narrow way or straits because the Waggons take up so much ground and separate the Troops so far that upon occasion they will not be able to succour each other and it is certain that an Army thus divided may easily be affronted But there is no General so ill advertised being to pass a strait that hath not intelligence where his Enemy attends for him whether it be in Front or Reer And if his Enemy waits for him a head he can let his baggage come in the Reer next after the Reer of the Foot If he follow him he may place his baggage before the Van-guard of the Foot ever taking care to appoint a sufficient guard to attend it and in an open Country where the Troops may march in Battalia the Waggons may well march between the Troops placing themselves likewise in Ranks and making a Front as large as the Body they follow so shall they take up but little ground and be no trouble at all and there they are out of danger which otherwise they will be subject to if an Enemy be neer and strong in Horse The Order that the Prince of Orange Marched in going to besiege Groll FIrst marched the Horse belonging to the Van-guard After them two Companies of Pioniers with two Waggons loaden with Victuals and one with Quarter-poles Next the Enginiers and Quarter-masters a Horse-back Then followed the Guards and after them three Field-pieces of six pound Bullet and six Chambred-pieces of twelve pound Bullet with all things belonging to them upon ninteen Waggons five for the Field-pieces and fourteen for the Chambred-pieces Next came the Van-guard of Foot consisting of six Regiments and followed by three Waggons loaden with 3000 pound of Powder one with 1000 pound of Match and one with 1000 pound of Musquet-bullets and upon them sixty or seventy empty bags to deal out the Powder Then followed a Lieutenant with fifty men taken out of the
whereby they may fire upon the Enemy as he marcheth by Or approaching against any Fort or place of danger they may daringly make a large Front and firing upon them after filing to the right or left making large Intervals they much preserve themselves from the danger of the great shot proceeding from the Enemy Again Ranks ranking either in equal or unequal parts is of singular good use upon a narrow passage where they can march but two three four or six abrest the Commander notwithstanding they marched before twenty abrest may by it bring them to such small numbers whereby he may much preserve them in time of imminent danger and peril To dwell no longer upon this discourse Inversion and Conversion many times require larger distance then any other of the Motions as sometimes double distance or twice double distance wherefore being so many occasions for the use of them both I hold it requisite for a Leader frequently to practise his Souldiers in them no part of the Art Military affording more commendations to the Souldiers that shall readily and handsomly perform the same Briefly therefore passing over what might be more spoken concerning them I shall in the next place set them all forth in their full view leaving every discreet Souldier to his own liberty to make use of as many of them as he shall think fit and to use them after what manner he pleaseth CHAP. XXXIX The words of Command for Ranks ranking and Files ranking to the Front they being twelve abrest and six deep Command RAnks rank to the right 2 3 4 or 6 as occasion shall require Direction If to two the two outmost men upon the right are to move away the next two to fall behind them until the first Rank hath made six Ranks and the rest doing the like until the first six Ranks are become thirty six Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move away two and two until they have made up twelve in one Rank and the rest are to do the like until they are made up all again as at first or command Ranks rank as you were The same rule is to be observed if you rank to any of the other numbers to divide them accordingly Command Ranks rank three to the left Direction The first three men upon the left are to move away the next three are to fall in behind toward the left until the first Rank have made four Ranks the rest are to do the like until they have made them 24 Ranks Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move forth by three and three until they have made twelve in one Rank the rest are to do the like until they be as they were at first or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank three to the right and left outward Direction The three outmost men of the first Rank upon the right and the three outmost men upon the left move away the next three of each hand in the same Rank are to do the like and every Rank throughout to follow successively dividing themselves three to one hand and three to the other until they have made twelve Ranks in each Division and falling in the Reer successively to each hand of the first Rank Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the right into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the right and move away every Rank placing it self successively to the right until they stand all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the left the first 12 men upon the left are to stand the next 12 are to face to the left and to move and fall in the Reer of the first and so consequently all the rest or else to command Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and move until they have successively placed themselves and made one intire Rank into the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the 12 outmost men upon the right stand the rest face to the right and move making 12 in every Rank or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward and place your selves successively into the Front facing after to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward the 12 middlemost men stand the rest face inward and move ranking 12 successively behind the first Rank and after facing to their Leader and to even their Ranks Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next Rank moving up into his ground doing the like and consequently so all the rest until the last Rank be come up intire into the Front Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first Rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions Command Files rank to the right into the Front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance and Ranks close forwards to Close Order and move up to the right into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left the first six upon the left are to fall into a File the rest doing the like until you have made 12 Files as at first or command Ranks file as you were Command Files rank to the left into the Front Direction Every man is to move forward to the left into the Front beginning from the Leader of the Files and moving up successively making one intire Rank Reducement Ranks file six to the right the six outmost men upon the right are to fall into a File the rest in like manner are to do the same or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Close order after move to the right and left outward until they be come up into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the middle men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left inward and to file as before commanded or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance and Files move up to the right and left entire into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the outmost men stand the rest move to the right and left outward filing according to Command and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XL. Ranks ranking into the Front by Countermarch Command RAnks rank entire into
time that his Lieutenant Colonel shall come unto that place and then he is to bring up that Division being near at hand that if his Lieutenant-Colonel should upon some just occasions be called off he may immediatly move up and lead there in his absence For upon the Long-march as the Colonel leads the first grand Division so it is conceived by some they marching in two grand Divisions some twenty paces distance from each other in manner of two regimental Marchings that the Lieutenant-Colonel ought to lead the second Next let the First Division of Pikes be led by the second Captain and to be brought up by the fifth Captains Lieutenant and the second Division of Pikes to be led by the fifth Captain and brought up by the second Captains Lieutenant the last Division of Muskettiers to be led by the Majors Lieutenant and the Reer of the second grant Division being left for the Major to bring up at such time as with conveniency he may be spared Therefore to march thus it being a very good way and with very little alteration to be made I was unwilling to pass it by leaving it to the discretion of every ingenious Souldier to make use of which way he best pleaseth or likes of whilest I in the next place shall set forth the Figure which follows in pag. 161 affording more variety in the same CHAP. XV. How to make the Figure of a Ring with its use and service But methinks I hear some say Of what use or service upon any occasion may this Ring be unto the Souldier To whom I answer that it is one of the most serviceable Figures that can be made to secure the Souldier from danger against the furious charge of Horse in Campania the accomplishing or making of it up being easily and suddenly performed the Muskettiers having Pallizadoes may advance three or four paces and stick them down in such manner as they may keep the Horse from breaking in among them And after if they should be charged round they may give fire over them against their enemies and fall in the Reer of themselves yet nevertheless if the Horse should be undaunted and attempt to come on again they may resist them with a more desperate charge after this manner bringing all hands to fight and to pour out their shot or to fire altogether after this kind Command first the Pikes to move forward until they be three foot behind the Muskettiers then let every File rank to the right which will make them to stand but one abrest in one single Ring behind the Muskettiers Now that all hands may be brought to fight together command the first Rank of Muskettiers to kneel down the second stoop and the third stand upright then let all close forward to close Order and let the Pikes as occasion shall require charge betwixt the Muskettiers who may fire altogether and the Pikes may charge on whilest the Muskettiers make ready again The Pallizadoes formerly stuck keeping off the Horse from breaking in upon them they may fire after this manner as often as they please And so much may suffice to be spoken concerning the service and use that may be made of it in time of fight and now in the next place I come to reduce them into Companies again as at first Let the Pikes that ranked to the right file three to the left as they were and let the Bringers-up that doubled face about to the right and march forth into their places Then let the Major come to that place where he closed the Ring and brake it off wheeling them all along about to the left until he hath brought them to stand in one even Front as at first the same in like manner to be performed of the Pikes and to stand in the Reer of the Muskettiers Next let the Muskettiers and Pikes face outward and move to such convenient distance that after the Muskettiers may be subdivided again and the Pikes move up and double their Front inward entire in each grand Division Which being brought into that form each Captain may draw off his men being so commanded by the Major and compleat up his Company again and be after disposed of to farther duty or to march home to their Quarters according to command And here I shall conclude this Regiment of eight Companies CHAP. XVIII The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of ten Companies having in it seven Captains and three Field-Officers being in each particular Company the former numbers which in all amounts unto 1198 men THe Major having ground sufficient for the drawing up the Regiment after the Colonels Company hath made Alt next to him upon the left he draws up the youngest Captain which is the tenth and the next to him the third Captain which is the sixth after that the fourth Captain which is the seventh then the first Captain which is the fourth then the Majors which is the third next to him the fifth Captain which is the eighth and after that the second Captain which is the fifth then the sixth Captain which is the ninth All these being drawn up upon the left of the Colonels Company the closier of all upon the left is the Lieutenant-Colonels Company whose figure carries the number 2. Place now all these numbers of Dignity according to the former Figures and they will stand as followeth in a Rank 2 9 5 8 3. 4 7 6 10 1. 27 28. In the next place compare the Dignity of the right Half-ranks with the left and they are ballanced as neer as can be possible to be equal there being one odd which of necessity must be cast upon the right Half-ranks for the reasons formerly exprest in placing the second Captain into the Lieutenant-Colonels Division Then according to the former rule draw forth the Pikes and ingross them into two Bodies and the like of the Muskettiers after sub-divide the Muskettiers and make them four divisions and move them up to flank the Pikes and then they will be in two compleat grand Divisions In the next place let the Major order forth unto the Captains and Lieutenants their several places to lead and to bring up after this manner There being two grand Divisions having in them five Captains and five Lieutenants it will be necessary to appoint our five several Charges in the first grand Division to lead and five to bring up after this manner As first divide the Van-guard into two Divisions the first to be led by the Captain-Lieutenant and brought up by his Bringer-up the second Division of Muskettiers in the Van to be led by the third Captains Lieutenant and to be brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant The first division of Pikes is to have the three first Colours to fly upon the head of them and to be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the seventh Captains Lieutenant the next division of Pikes to be led by the fourth Captain having his own and the
occasion shall require In the next place for a Brigade I shall point forth four Regiments having in them eight Companies a piece after the manner of a Regiment of eight formerly set down which amounts to 3888 men which number may serve for a third part of an Army of foot and make up a very compleat and sufficient Brigade And I shall order in this Brigade to have in it four Divisions that is to say a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard represented in the three first Regiments but the fourth shall be a reserve standing in the Reer of the Main-battail or Brigade whereby upon all occasions of the other retreating or being driven backward that Regiment may move up to relieve each part thereof that shall be distressed But upon the Long-march of this Brigade the two middle Regiments according to their order of dignity are to make the Battail which in the Figure were made the Van-guard and Reer-guard and that which formerly was the Van-guard is become the Battail and the Reer-guard the Reserve but where they have ground sufficient it will be better to march in that form of Battalia set down according to the Figure Folio 176. This Brigade consisting of four Regiments must be drawn up according to the dignity of their Captains but with this alteration of Arms for the former Regiments consisting of two Divisions this hath but one after this manner CHAP. XXII How to draw up an Army of twelve Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men THe drawing up or an Army most properly belongs to the Serjeant-Major-General whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an experienced Souldier in respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that form which the General shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to foresee all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord General or Martial of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the form of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant-Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant-Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Colonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the eldest Colonel and ninth Colonel according to this rule of Dignity in the Figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant-Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Colonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Colonels after this manner of this Figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant-Major draw up that Brigade which shall be in the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Colonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Colonels and between them the tenth and seventh Colonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3 This charge being given by the Serjeant-Major-General unto the three Serjeant-Majors of the three Tertias or Brigades how each particular Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared alike each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of Dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant-Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assigned unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant-Major-General being helped and assisted by the Field-Officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant-Major-General being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the General rightly observed and fulfilled AN ARMY OF FOOT OR THREE SINGLE BRIGADS CONSISTING OF 11664 MEN DRAWN VP AND EMBATTELLED TOGETHER WITH THE PLACING OF THE CANNON Let these three Sheets be pasted together at length one after another so that they may appear as one single Leafe and let them be placed between Page 174 and 175. After this the General of the Ordnance his duty and care must be in the day of Battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdom is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Train of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall but and make choise of such ground for their planting as the General of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be careful that all things be in a readiness putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the General of the Army upon all occasions to receive his Directions and Commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his Battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out Hills and Heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himself and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their Horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the Divisions of Foot taking along with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed of several ways as sometimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others threes upon the Flanks and Wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the Flank and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Arms which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Frout is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause
the Captains being lodged so neer them You may observe that in this lust form of Quartering there are 20 foot of the 200 allowed the Souldiers in depth taken off and added to the street between the Captains and the Sutlers for the street being in the former Quarter but 20 foot broad was found to be too narrow for the Waggons and Carriages to pass to and fro which did continually go and come through it with Provisions for the Army And whereas in the allowance of 200 foot in depth for the Souldiers there were but two allotted to lodge or hut together it happened sometimes that they came to quarter in places where there was small store of Provision to but withal so that the Souldiers could neither fit the ground allotted to them nor make any uniform or handsome huts therefore it was thought fit to take from them the said 20 foot and to allow them but 180. Note that the Officers must see the Souldiers build formally and that they make their Beds a foot and half or two foot from the ground to prevent sickness which they will be subject to fall into by lying upon the ground Note that when the Regiment is quartered in one Division the Colonels Company quarters on the right hand the Lieutenant-Colonels on the left the Sergeant-Majors next the Colonel the eldest Captain next him and so all the rest of the Captains by seniority in order from the right hand But if the Regiment be quartered in two Divisions then the Lieutenant-Colonels Company quarters on the right hand of the second Division the Sergeant-Majors in his place on the left hand of the first the eldest Captain next the Colonel the second on the left hand of the second Division the third next the eldest the fourth next the Lieutenant-Colonel the fifth next the third the sixth next the fourth in the second Division and so all the rest of the Captains according to this Order Observing if it may be that the youngest Captain be always placed next to him that closeth the left flank of the second Division Quartering of Horse THe Horse unless pressed by an Enemy are always or most commonly quartered in Houses both for the commodity of Forrage and that their Horses may stand under covert which otherwise by standing three or four nights in rain and cold would be in danger to be spoiled and made unserviceable So careful saith Melzo was the Duke of Alva of his Horse that he not only quartered them in Houses but made Courts of Guard upon the Avenues and places where they watched to shelter them from the weather But seeing they may be sometimes forced to make Huts I will shew you their manner of Quartering which is the same as the Foot but that they have more ground allowed them especially in bredth for their main streets are twenty foot broad and the men have ten foot allowed them whereas the Foot have but eight foot for either Hut their Horses are allowed ten foot in bredth and four in depth so the ground allowed for 100 Horse is 300 foot in depth and 70 in bredth The Explanation of the following Figure The Quartering of four Cornets of Horse A Alarm-place B Lieutenants lodging C Cornets lodging D Souldiers Huts E Stables F Street between the Souldiers Huts G Street between the Souldiers and Horses H Street between the Captain and Souldiers I Captains K Street between Captain and Sutlers L Sutlers The Quartering of an Army of Foot A Alarm-place B Entrenchment C Generals Pavilions D General of the Ordnance his loding E Ammunition and Ordnance F Divisions of Foot The Quartering of foure Cornets of Horse The Quartering of an Army of Foote A Good Commanders Judgment is to be discerned by his well chusing of ground to quarter on for he must not only chuse a place advantageous to resist an Enemy but where there is plenty of Forrage Water and other Necessaries and where the Air is wholsome and how necessary it is to intrench a Quarter and what ease and safety it brings to an Army dayly experience tells us and whereas by lying open you are subject to be affronted and forced to fight by an Enemy it is in your choice being Intrenched whether you fight or not which is no small advantage besides your Watches will fall nothing so often nor your Guards so troublesome The Romans were the first that found out the right use of the Spade and the benefit of Intrenching and it is from Caesar that our late great Generals have learned the way to Beleaguer and single Towns with Works and Trenches though the use of Powder have made them alter the form and manner of working and how advantageous it its to make such Works the taking not to speak of Alexis and other places by the Prince of Orange but of Groll Bolduke Mastricht and Breda within these few years in the view as I may say of an Enemies Army are sufficient testimonies and as divers Armies have in vain attempted the relief of Towns thus beleaguered so have some out of negligence and want of care in making their Lines of circumvallation been forced to quit their design and rise with dishonour The manner how the Prince of Orange his Army was Quartered with the General Officers Artillery Waggons c. A His Excellency B Count William C Count Henry D Strangers of Quality E Du. of Kessel F Waggons G Sutlers Market-place H Ryhoven 3 Troops of Horse R John Bax 3 Troops of Horse S Wageman 3 Troops of Horse T La. Salle 3 Troops of Horse Y Stabenbrook 4 Troops of Horse Z Co. John 3 Troops of Horse Δ Marquette 3 Troops of Horse Θ M. Bax 4 Troops of Horse Φ Count Henry 3 Troops of Horse ΠGuardens 4 Troops of Horse Ω Quaet 3 Troops of Horse Σ Smelsing 3 Troops of Horse I Dragoons K Count Ernest 6 Dutch Companies X 8 Companies of Frisons O Rob. Hinderson 19 Scotch Companies W Count John Ernest 16 Companies of Wallons P Bechune 19 French Companies Q Chastillon 19 French Companies L Hollis 10 English Companies M. Cheek 10 English Companies N. Cecil 10 English Companies V. Horatio Vere 15 English Companies Orders to be given out in a Quarter 1 NO man without leave of his Officer shall go further then Cannon-shot out of the Quarter or lie in the night out of the Quarter upon pain of the Strappado and if he have done any man hurt he shall be hanged without mercy 2. No man shall do hurt to such as are under Neutrality or Safe-guard upon pain of bodily punishment 3. No man shall fight within the Quarter draw his Sword or make any uproar in the night upon the like pain 4. No man shall molest any Sutler or such as bring Provision into the Leaguer spoil or take any of their Goods from them within or without the Leaguer upon the like pain 5. No man shall sell any Booty or Goods in the Leaguer without sound of Drum and
march from thence to Rhineberk without the sight of an Enemy although the Cardinal Infanta were lodged within an English mile or little more of his Quarter The names of all the several lines conteined in the table pag 2 A.B. the Semidiameter BB the Polygon interior BI the neck or gorge IH the 1. wing IL the 2. wing GHF The angle made between the wing and the face IBI The angle of the Polygon HGH the angle of the Bastion BAB the angle at the center equall to the angle MBI made by the two Polygons GBM The angle between the captiall line and the Polygon The names of all the severall lines conteined in the table pag 2 AB the Semidiameter B B the Polygon interior B I the neck or gorge IH the .1 wing I L the .2 wing G H F The angle made between the wing and the face IBI The angle of the Polygon HGH the angle of the Bastion B A B the angle at the center equall to the angle MB I made by the two Polygons G B M The angle between the capitall line and the Polygon Place this between Pag 238 and 239. MILITARY ARCHITECT Or a short Treatise of FORTIFICATION Regular and Irregular With the manner how to strengthen the said Fortifications with Redoubts Ravelins Half-Moons c. Two Principal Propositions Geometrical useful in Fortification ALthough all the fundamental Problems and Propositions in plain Geometry are necessary and useful for an Enginier especially to raise and let fall Perpendiculars draw Parallels divide Lines into equal parts and other proportional parts required to make Angles of any quantity and also to divide them these are absolutely necessary for without most of them few others can be resolved wherefore supposing him to be so much a Geometrician I will proceed to these two necessary in this Art Prop. I. A Circle being giuen to find the side of any Polygon that may be inscribed within the same Circle the number of Sides not exceeding ten Let the given Circle be A F C G. First through the Center thereof at E draw the Diameter A E C dividing the whole Circle into two equal parts Secondly Take in your Compasses half the Diameter A E or E C and setting one foot in A with the other foot make the marks B and D and draw the line E D which shall be the side of a Triangle or Polygon of three sides which will be inscribed in that Circle Thirdly Draw the Line F G through the Centre cutting the Diameter A G at right Angles Then draw the line A F which shall be the side of a Square or Polygon of four sides Fourthly Set one foot of your Compasses in H and extend the other to F drawing the Arch-line F I then draw the right line F I and it shall be the side of a Pentagon or Polygon of five sides that will be inscribed within the given Circle Fifthly Half the Diameter as E A E F E C or E G are either of them the side of an Hexagon or Polygon of six sides Sixthly Half the line B D viz. H B or H D is the side of an Heptagon or Polygon of seven sides Seventhly Divide the Line A F into two equal parts in M and draw the Line E M K cutting the Peripherie of the Circle in K. So shall the Line A K be the side of an Octagon or Polygon of eight sides Eightly Divide that part of the peripherie of the Circle D A B into three equal parts one third part will reach from D to L then draw the Line D L and it shall be the side of a Nonagon or Polygon of nine sides Ninthly The Line E I is the side of a Decagon or Polygon of ten sides which will be inscribed in this Circle Prop. II. To finde out the length of the Semi-diameter of a Circle that the side of the Polygon therein inscribed shall be in length equal to a right Line given Let the given Line be A B. First Take in your Compasses the length thereof and setting one foot in B with the other make the small arch C D Then set one foot in A and make the other small arch E F cutting the former in O. Secondly Divide the Line A B into two equal parts in K and draw the Line K O at length towards H. Thirdly With the length of the given Line A B set one foot of the Compasses in O and with the other foot draw the Arch-line A S B. Fourthly Divide this Arch-line A S B into six equal parts at the points 1 2 3 4 5. And opening the Compasses from B to 1 describe the small Arch 1 a also with the distance B 2 describe the Arch 2 b likewise 3 c 4 d and 5 e. Fifthly Take with your Compasses the distance from A to a and set it upon the Line H O K from O to 7 and from O to 5. Sixthly Take the distance A b and set it from O to 4 and from O to 8. Seventhly Set the distance A C from O to 9. Eighthly Set the distance A d from O to 9. Lastly Draw the Lines B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 and they shall be the semi-diameters of so many several Circles as the given Line A B will be inscribed Polygons of 4 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 Sides For. If a Circle be described upon the Semi-diameter 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 B The Line A B in that Circle will be the side of a Square Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon Octagon Nonagon Decagon Two useful and necessary Tables containing the Quantity of all the Lines and Angles in all Regular Fortifications from a Fort of four Sides to one of ten Sides The first Table of Lines Number of the Sides of the Polygon V V VI VII VIII IX X Semidiameter 585 484 587 694 802 913 1024 The interior Polygon 544 569 587 602 614 624 633 The Neck or Gorge 92 104 114 121 127 132 136 The first Wing 77 87 95 101 106 111 114 The second Wing 71 112 129 138 143 147 149 The Capital Line 97 207 216 223 230 236 241 The second Table of Angles Number of the Sides of the Polygon IV V VI. VII VIII IX X Â d. m. d. m. d. m. d. m. d. m. d. m. d. m. The Angle of the Polygon 90 0 108 0 120 0 128 34 135 0 14 0 144 0 The Angle between the Wing prolonged and Face 75 0 73 0 67 30 65 20 63 45 62 30 61 30 The Angle between the Curtain and Capital 45 0 54 0 60 0 64 17 67 30 70 0 72 0 The Angle made by the two Polygon 50 0 72 â— 60 0 51 26 45 0 4â— 0 36 0 The use of the two foregoing Tables in the delineation of a Regular Fort of five Sides or Bastions BEing provided of a Scale of equal parts for the setting of your Lines and likewise of a Line of Chords for