Body for one File alone cannot be said to have any Ranks in it but joyning two or more Files together unto one you may account them provided they be six deep to have so many Ranks for number as doth extend from their Leaders to their Bringers up And further know that a Rank is a Row of men standing shoulder to shoulder in an even line from the left Flank to the right or from the out-most man upon the left unto the out-most man upon the right standing all in a row File wise Neither can it be said of one Rank to have any Files in it for as the closing of Files to Files makes Ranks so the adding of Ranks to Ranks makes Files As for the Depth of Files they have in these latter Ages much varied therein sometimes making them sixteen deep others ten and eight deep and now lately they have brought them unto six deep as being the custome of the Swedes and the French and altogether now the practise here in England In which form and way I purpose to walk but to proceed to my former promise to the Souldier There is in every Body of men drawn up consisting of Pikes and Muskettiers whether of greater or smaller number it makes no matter a Front a Reer a Right-Flank and a Left-Flank there is also Front half-Files and Reer half-Files there is a Right half-Ranks and a Left half-Ranks and there is a Length and Depth of the Battail and of every one of these in their severall kinds they have their perticuler extents and bounds according to their number of men Therefore take notice in the first place that the Front is the first Rank or row of men which are the File-leaders and chief men of their Files who properly ought to take charge of their Files being as it were their Captains and leads them first on in the Brunt against a furious Enemy the extent of the Front is from the left hand File-Leader unto the Leader of the right hand File The Reer is the last Row or Rank of men being the Bringers-up of the Files who next the Leaders are the chiefest men of honour in the File and are as it were unto them their Lieutenants and in the absence of the Leaders they are to take charge of the File and to instruct them in their Postures the extent of the Reer is from the Bringer-up of the left hand File unto the place of the Bringer-up of the right The right Flank is the out-most File upon the right where always ought by the way to be very able Souldiers placed because they first give on-set or fire against the Enemy if on that part they shall be charged the extent of the right Flank is from the Leader of the right hand File unto the Bringer-up of the same The left Flank likewise is the out-most File upon the left and his extent is from the Leader of the left hand File unto the Bringer-up The Front half-Files extent or bounds reacheth no further then from the Front unto the midst of Ranks or to the Bringers-up of the Front half-Files which being but six deep is the third Rank from the Front and the Length of the same reacheth from the out-most part of the left Flank untill you come unto the right The Reer half-Files beginneth from the midst of Ranks or from the fourth Rank from the Front and runneth downward in his depth to the Bringer-up of the whole File and the Length of the same is to be taken side-wise as they stand shoulder to shoulder from the out-most man upon the left unto the out-most man upon the right The right half Ranks in their Length runneth no further then from the out-most man upon the right unto the midst of Files or to the left hand File-leader of the right half-Ranks the Depth of the right half-Ranks reacheth from the Front running down unto to the Reer As for the left half-Ranks as much may be said to take his Length from the midst of Files or from the right hand File-leader of the left half-Ranks unto the out-most Files upon the left the Depth of the left half-Ranks may be understood in form and manner conformable to the right Next come we to speak of the Length and Depth of the whole Battail the Length of the Battail is ever to be accounted of the number of men in a Rank and not in a File for the Files perhaps may not be above six deep when that there may be hundreds in a Brest in the Ranks and farther the Length of any Battail is to be taken from the out-most point of the left-Flank or left-hand File-leader stretching it selfe forth by an even Line along untill you come to the outmost point of right Flank or right-hand File-leader the Depth of the Battail always is to be taken from the Front or first Rank and going down backward in a straight Line down to the Reer to the last Rank or to the Bringers-up of the Files For as the Length of the Battail is to be taken from the left Flank going a long in Front unto the right so the Depth of the Battail is to be taken from the Front going backward down to the Reer There is also to be understood that in every Battalia drawn up there are other parts and Denominations very considerable to be known that is in every such an one there is a Van-Guard a Reer-Ward and Main-Battail The Van-guard are the Muskettiers upon the right or the right Flank or as most commonly called amongst us in these dayes the Right-wing or the Left-wing which are the Muskettiers and the Flankers of the Body of Pikes the reason as I conceive the Muskettiers are accounted and called Wings is because they are first drawn off as by flying motion in Forlorns to ingage against an Enemy but of this by the way to proceed the Reer-Ward or Reer-Guard are the Muskettiers on the left Flank and the Battail is the Body of Pikes and here I shall conclude concerning the Description of a Body CHAP. XXVI Directions to all such as shall desire to exercise a Foot-Company with some admonitions to the Souldiers as shall be exercised by them HE that intends to exercise a Body of men must truly know what he shall command and so to give his directions unto the Souldiers as they may aptly make ready execution of the same He must at such times above all the rest assume unto himself the confidence presence as near as he is able of a compleat Souldier He is also to stretch out his voice so as he may conveniently be heard understood by the inferiour Officers and Souldiers which will cause them more readily to obey his Commands He ought to carry a cheerfull countenance unto them provided they do well but otherwise if carelesly dis-regarding his Commands he may look harshly upon them His eyes ought to be quick and nimble observing all their Motions whether it be to the right or left to
before themselves be first well verst and truly knowing in all and every of the severall Commands Directions and Reducements before-mentioned which being obteined they may confidently and boldly proceed so to inure their Souldiers in the practise thereof that their own knowledge in a short time will reduce them to their former places without using these thred-bare words as you were variety being more profitable and delightfull unto them provided they understand it then to accustome them in an ordinary and plain way of reducing But here some men will be ready to carp and say that I have troubled my self to little purpose in setting down more Doublings then are used abroad upon service To whom I answer that there are none if rightly understood but are of singular use one time or another either in our private Meetings or in those great Nurseries of Military Discipline the famous Academies of this out Island the Artillery and Military Gardens who for â—ield-service have train'd up and sent forth many worthy able gallant Souldiers into the Armies lately raised in our Nation between the King and Parliament whom I pray God happily to reconcile But suppose many of these Doublings have not been seen by some to be used in the field Are they not therefore useful perhaps at such time they have had no occasion for to use them all which if not must they be rejected the answer positively that being rightly enquired into they have in them very usefull and serviceable things against an Enemy whether it be in the Field or in Garrison As for example the Muskettiers being brought either all into the Front or Reer or upon one of the Flanks which often hapneth an Enemy appearing there then they would be of singular good use for our advantage and very disadvantageous to the enemy The like may be spoken of the Pikes who are by severall of these doublings brought into those places being there very serviceable to receive a desperate charge of horse if upon any of these parts they should fall on Observe further that in many of these doublings as the one arms shall face or charge against an enemy so contrariwise the other lies more secure in safety to be preserv'd from danger of the shot Moreover according unto the number of men either in length or depth a Leader may by these words of Command or the like at the same time double his Front Reer or Midst by doubling of Ranks and may farther make use of them at one and the same time to double by files his right left Flank and Midst all at one instant But I shall not not need to set down words of Command for the doubling Front Reer Flanks and Midst after this manner but leave that unto the apt Souldier to make use of such words of Command formerly shewne and to frame them sutable for any such purpose so intended But before I shall conclude concerning the use of these doublings as I said before there are many of them which by comand will bring any men in the body to fight unto that part which shal be most weak or assaulted by an enemy And again he may cast them so into the body by a doubling as shall preserve from danger whom he shall think fit And to say more there is no part of the body or arms but by words of Command in doublings may be brought forth as Frontiers against the enemy and may be placed again into the midst of the body for more security and others in like manner may be brought forth for their relief Therefore it much concerns all Souldiers and Commanders to be truly knowing in all the severall kinds of doublings out of which he may make singular good use according to his discretion at all such times as need shal require whether it be in Field or otherwise in Garrison CHAP. XXXVIII Of Inversion and Conversion NOt to omit any thing which may be beneficiall for the knowledge of all them that intends to be good proficients in this Art of Military Discipline my subject in this Chapter shall be of Ranks filing and files filing and ranks ranking and files ranking which are by some called Inversion and Conversion yet seldome mentioned by any Leader in the time of his Exercise for this reason as I suppose because the souldiers for the most part are unacquainted with them which causeth all our Leaders in our private Meetings here in London to deliver forth unto their Souldiers such words of command as may readily and aptly be understood by them which are ranks file to the right or left or files file to any hand which is no other then Inversion and again ranks rank to the right or left either in equal or unequal parts or intire to the front or files to rank in the like kinde may be termed Conversion And in my opinion they do the better that shall thus express themselves to the capacity of every Souldier then for to pusle them with the words Inversion and Conversion I intend therefore without curiosity plainly to set downe their severall commands directions and reducements keeping my former method concerning doublings For in all and every one of them they do either double the length or depth of the Front Reer Midst or Flanks no part of the Military Exercise affording more plenty of matter then they carrying always along with them many things of excellent use For example suppose a Prince Generall or any other person of quality were to pass thorow the Company a discreet Commander would presently command their ranks to invert or file to the right and left inward which immediatly becomes as it were a Street or Gallery for the honouring and securing of their persons Moreover it is of use for the lodging of the Colours or upon funerall occasions or taking their leave from their Captain where they may poure forth their volley's of shot all at one and the same time To be short being necessitated to march against a battery it avoids the danger of the great Ordnance and likewise secures the front of the Battalia from the imminent danger of any great shower of small shot poured forth by the Enemy As likewise it is of excellent use to march over a narrow Bridge or thorow a Lane Thicket or Salliport or such like difficult passages or if any Commander have a desire to use ancient figures by it he may make the Saw Sheers or Diamond or being in one file they may aptly be drawn into a Ring where hee that is an able posture man standing in the midst may shew unto them their severall postures and after easily reduce them again and thus much briefly of Inversion or ranks filing Next come we to shew the excellent uses and services which may be performed by Conversion as first perceiving any man of worth to stand before the front of the battail or to pass by either of the flanks then ranks ranking or files ranking into the front or ranks wheeling to
so few of them practised among able and knowing Souldiers my best apologie will be the high and venerable esteem had of Antiquity necessitated me thereunto as also to give full satisfaction to the Leaders of our private Meetings who of late have laboured to inure their Souldiers in the full practise thereof made me the willinger rather to undergo the censure of some then to incurre the displeasure of many Yet by the way give me leave fully to declare my selfe concerning the use of them for my opinion is that of all the Motions tending to Martiall Discipline these may the best be spared as being of little use and not so much as practised abroad upon service and therefore the fewer of them any Leader shall use in his Exercise in my judgement he doth the better not spending time in needlesse speeches telling of his Souldiers that this is the Macedorian this is the Lacedemonian or Ocean Countermarch not to lie under the censure my selfe of mispending time I come therefore briefly in the next place to treat of Wheelings being a subject more profitable for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LV. Of Wheelings with their severall uses HAving proceeded thus far in shewing all the severall sorts and kinds of Military Motions it will now in the next place be expected that I speak somwhat of Wheelings and as formerly so now to set before the Souldier their severall kinds and uses Wherefore take notice of two sorts Wheelings angular and Wheelings on the Center which latter is commonly called the Prince of Orange his wheeling being acted or performed by the Souldier two severall ways that is to say Intire or Divisionall Intire Wheelings to the Angles are when the Souldiers turn their Aspects from the front proper to either of the Flanks or Reer whereby they may give the winde or Sun or some like advantage bringing their best Souldiers thither for to encounter an Enemy For the better performance of this Motion it will be convenient to close Ranks and Files into the midst to order and to keep their due distance both in rank and file observing in their Ranks their right and left-hand men and following their Leaders always conforming themselves in their Motion to the most commendable Posture which is Pikes advanced and Muskets poysed Wheeling the Battail on the Center is when they are so straightened with ground that they have not room to wheel to the right or left as in the former which gaineth as much more ground before the front as formerly they stood on this wheeling brings their best Souldiers to either of the flanks or Reer I could wish that this wheeling were more oftner practised amongst us for by it the Souldiers are better kept together in their Motion being not so apt to flie out as in the former Divisionall Wheelings provided they have sufficient number of men are of singular good use to encounter severall Enemies at one and the same time which the front of our Battalia bringing our best Souldiers for to skirmish with them It is likewise usefull to bring either Arms into Front Reer or both the flanks for suppose the Muskettiers to be upon the flanks and fearing a desperate charge of the Horse to fall upon them by a Divisionall Wheeling the Pikes are thither brought to receive their on-set and in the mean space the Muskettiers have time to recruit their Bandiliers again much more might be spoken but my intent is not to fill my Book with impertinent discourses knowing what is already spoken is sufficient for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LVI Intire Wheelings Command WHeel your Battail to the Right WHeel your Battail to the Left WHeel your Battail to the Right about WHeel your Battail to the Left about Direction The right or the left-hand men in the front are the hinges of these Motions the rest have a greater compasse to march then they to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders Command Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Right Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Left Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Right about Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Left about Direction The left half-ranks moveth forwards wheeling to the right and the right half-ranks contrariwise faceth to the left side-wise falling backward moving still unto the place commanded CHAP. LVII Divisionall Wheelings Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Reer Direction Open from the midst to convenient distance and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer open from the midst and wheel inward to the front Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the right flank Direction Face to the right Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the left flank Direction Face to the left Command Wheel the Body inward to the left flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the left flank Command Wheel the Body inward to the right flank from the left Direction Face to the left and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the right flank Command Wheel off your Front and Reer half-files by Division Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer half-files turn off by Division Command Wheel your Front and Reer half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer half-files open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Ranks Command Wheel off your Front and Reer half-files by Division from the midst of Rank Direction Front half-files face about and Front and Reer half-files wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel Front and Reer half-files inward both to the Front and Reer from the midst of Ranks Direction Front half-files face about and Front and Reer half-files open from the midst to convenient distance and wheel inward into Front and Reer Command Wheel off your right and left half-ranks by Division Direction Face outward and wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel your right and left half-ranks inward to the midst of files Direction Face outward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of files Command Wheel off your right and left half-ranks by Division from the midst of files Direction Face inward and cause them to move backward to convenient distance to wheel off by Division from the midst of files Command Wheel your right and left half-ranks inward to both flanks from the midst of files Direction Face inward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward
outward or inward into the front and filing again as they were Thus much briefly of firings to the Front the Reer challengeth the next place where suppose all the Muskettiers to be in the Reer of the Pikes the Body marching Firings to the Reer 1 Fire to the right about falling in the front of their own Divisions left about falling in the front of their own Divisions 2 Fire and fall off to the right and left and rank with the first rank of Pikes into the front 3 Fire even with the Reer and fall off before the Front of your own Divisions of Muskettiers 4 Fire even with the Reer or last rank and fall off to the right and left with a swift Motion placing your selves 10 20 or 30 paces before the front of Pikes still facing to the Body and making ready again and opening to the right and left untill they be cleer of the Pikes 5 Fire by Introduction to the Reer twice over untill they come down even with the Reer and flank the Pikes 6 Fire to the right and left about to the Reer Ranks drawn forth and in again 7 Fire so the Reer every rank drawn forth cleer each from other and falling in again and flanking the Pikes 8 Fire to the right and left about files ranking downward to the Reer and filing as they were 9 Fire to the right and left about ranks ranking downward to the Reer and ranking as they were 10 Fire losing ground falling off to the right and left about just before the front of Pikes 11 Now if the Enemy pursue eagerly and that you candot make a safe retreat marching face all about and fire upon them by way of Extraduction or by half-ranks divided as formerly hath been shewn And thus much likewise briefly concerning firings to the Reer in the next place I shall Firings to the Flanks marching shew some firings to the flanks for performance whereof it will be expedient to bring all the Muskettiers upon one of the flanks but for order sake I will begin with the firings from the right flank 1 Fire to the right and gather up your files it is to be performed after this manner the out-most file upon the right is to face to the right and to give fire and after to face to the front and stand untill the next file have fired in like manner and then the first file gathers up unto him upon the right even a Brest and standing untill the third file have faced to the right and fired in like manner and after facing to the front the other files moving up in the like way as before and following successively this rule untill all have given fire and then to march up and even the front of Pikes the Muskettiers will stand as at first when they were brought upon the right flank 2 Fire to the right File-leaders leading up their files next to the Pikes 3 Fire to the right Bringers-up leading away next the Pikes which being twice done reduceth them 4 Fire to the right leading up on the contrary flank either by the File-leaders or Bringers-up 5 Fire to the right and leading up by Bringers-up between the Pikes and passing thorough to their places again doing the same reduceth them 6 Fire to the right and leading up between the Pikes by the Leaders and passing thorough the Pikes again to the right they will be as at first the like may be done to the left or in some kind to both flanks at one and the same time 7 Fire to the right by ranks wheeling and ranks to rank as they were to the right upon their marching reduceth them 8 Fire to the right by ranks inverting or filing and upon the March the Souldiers ranking reduceth them 9 Fire to the right files filing and gathering up their files to the left reduceth them These firings being performed marching the next shall be upon a Stand where note you must cast all your Muskettiers upon that flank where you conceive the Enemy will fall on whether right left or both but for order sake we usually begin with the right wherefore face to the right and proceed as followeth Firings to the right Flank upon a Stand. 1 Fire and fall in the Reer of your selves 2 Fire and flank the Pikes 3 Fire even with the Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves 4 Fire even with the Reer moving forth to the right and left by ranks falling in the Reer of themselves 5 Fire by extraduction by half-ranks drawn forth and falling rank after rank in the Reer of the Pikes after to reduce them as at first cause them to double their front by Division These firings may as well be performed to both the flanks as to one the Body being faced accordingly which would make many firings more but these already set down may be sufficient for any ingenious capacity to work upon for the present observing this rule that in every firing he shall make use in time of his Exercise he may reduce them by another which will be more pleasing to the Souldier by reason of the great variety it affords unto them And now in the last place I know it will be expected that I should speak something of the use of firings wherefore briefly thus Firings to the front marching or moving when we either pursue after or approach to an Enemy Firings to the front maintaining ground when two Bodies encounter one another Firings to the front losing ground when either we are forced thereunto by necessity or that we do it out of policy to draw the Enemy into a train or snare Firings to the Reer marching when we are pursued by an Enemy yet would continue our March untill we have gained some place of importance or advantage Firings to the Reer upon a Stand when we are compelled thereunto by the violent pursuit of an Enemy or else when we have gained a place of advantage of ground or have recovered the winde or Sun whereby we are the better able to encounter with them Firings to the flank or flanks marching when we are assaulted by some Ambuscado secretly placed to hinder our passage or supposing two Armies are marching to one and the same place a river being betwixt them Firings to flank or flanks standing when the Enemy chargeth on with a resolution to cut off or divide part of the Army from the other Having thus briefly set down severall firings to front reer and both flanks with their uses either marching or standing I hold it convenient in the next place to give some short directions in time of Battail both to the Officers and their Souldiers First that the Drummers have a vigilant eye upon their Commanders whose voices are drown'd by the loud thundering of the Cannon or Muskettiers as also by the neighing of Horses or the lamentable cries of the maim'd and wounded Souldiers at which time the Leaders Staffe half-Pike or what else he carries in his hand
Collonels men who march in the â—ront and his Lieutenant Collonel bringing up the whole Regiment is the second place of honour Some may conceive the Majors Lieutenant hath too great a place of honour in leading the Van of the second grand Division to which I answer if the Lieutenant Collonel marcheth not there himselfe but shall bring up the Regiment certainly it must be cleer that it is the Majors due for to march there himselfe at times convenient and being so there is good reason in his absence his Lieutenant should lead his men or in his presence to be thereas a helper unto him for the well regulating of his men as the other Lieutenants are to the other long Field-officers who every one of them according to their severall places may have severall occasions to call them off their Lieutenants therefore ought to be at hand and to march with them in their places whereby they may receive orders from them and know how to act in their absence concerning their own perticuler Souldiers The second Captains Lieutenant is ordered to bring up the second Body of Pikes which being a grand Division it falls to him as due there as the eldest Captains Lieutenant doth in the first it being the greatest place of honour that can be given him in the Reer next to the Leiutenant Collonel Having spoken thus much concerning every Field-officer the Captains and their Lieutenants where their places are to march with the reasons for the same it will be expected to supply two places which are vacant in the Reer of the second grand Division to which I answer upon the long-march the Lieutenant Collonel himselfe moves down there and brings up the Reer of the whole Regiment and therefore it is left vacant for him but then you will say there wants an Officer to bring up the Reer of that Division wherein the Majors Lieutenant is placed to which I answer that there is none remaining to do it except it be the Majors Lieutenant himselfe For if the Major shall lead the second grand Division then his Lieutenant may move down to bring up that perticuler Division for to supply the same but in regard the Major as hath been shewn before hath many occasions to call him off it concerns his Lieutenant to keep his place which was first assigned unto him to avoid the trouble of moving up again in his Majors absence Some are of opinion it would be convenient to place the Lieutenant Collonels eldest Serjeant there but in my judgement it is very unhandsome to see any Halberteer either to lead or bring up any Division marching in a regimentall way and rather then I should do it I would let it go unsupplied but if he shall be there placed to bring up his best way of marching is either with a Pallizado or Half-pike and not with his Halberd CHAP. VI. The ordering of a Regiment to the Long-March with the placing of the Officers and the leading of Carriages THe Major giving to every Captain his proper place to march in and what Divisions they are to lead and what to bring up in written notes under his hand commands the Drum-Major to beat a March and so consequently all the rest to take it from him The Souldiers being warned thereby begin to shoulder their Arms and prepare to move the Collonel on hors-back being attended on by his Martiall and Quarter-master draws off the first Division of Muskettiers his Captain Leiutenant being some six foot behinde him which Division is brought up by the Captain Lieutenants Bringer-up The eldest Captain follows next leading the first Division of Pikes and brought up by his own Lieutenant The next Division of Muskettiers is lead by the third Captains Lieutenant and the Reer of the first grand Division is brought up by the third Captain There ought to be full 18 foot of ground betwixt each Division he that brings up a Division ought to be six foot cleer behinde the same and he that leads to be six foot before so that there will be six foot proportion of ground betwixt them both for the better distinguishing of their Divisions the Leaders and Bringers-up thereof And where there is not room sufficient for the marching so many a brest as they are now ordered they must subdivide being carefull to preserve their Divisions marching in greater depths at their due distance of open order in rank and order in file For the Serjeants must not presume upon any sub-dividing to make any more Divisions whereby they may be Leaders thereof but it must be their care upon sub-dividing to bring them down in the Reer of them that march before and keep them intire in all their respective Divisions And it must be their observation to attend upon the Flanks even a brest with those Leaders of Files that were taken off that when there is ground and roome enough they may more readier know where to finde them and to lead them up again as they were at first Care likewise must be had upon any sub-dividing of the Pikes that there be none of the Colours divided who are in a regimentall way to march all three together according to their first placing These rules and observations concern both grand Divisions now the first being led away as is before exprest there ought to be sufficient ground betwixt each grand Division for the leading of the Cariages and in the first place there is to be considered that to most Regiments there is allowed two Waggons for the Bagage Ammunition two Field-peeces or great Cannon besides other Cariages which more concern the victuall for the Souldiers as occasion shall require now concerning the ordering and securest placing of all these upon the March will be in the midst of the Regiment and to have those which are ordered for their good to be Fire-locks or to have Snap-hances for the avoiding of the danger which might happen by the Cole of the Match and being placed where any attempt of the Enemy shall fall on either to Front Reer or either Flank the Cannon may be easily drawn forth to fire upon them and all the wood of the Carriages with their Guard to be ordered in the Reer where ever the assault should happen for their better security and safety The Major in the next place if he please may lead the second grand Division to which purpose he draws off with the assistance of his own Lieutenant the first Division of Muskettiers his Lieutenant being six foot behinde him and so much before the Muskettiers The next that followes is the second Body of Pikes which is led by the second Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant The last Division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant Collonels Lieutenant and the Reer of the whole Regiment is brought up by the Lieutenant Collonel The Serjeants are to march upon the Flanks attending their own men that when they are to be reduced into Companies they may know more
division of Pikes which is more honour to him to lead there then to lead a sub-division of Muskettiers In the Van-guard next to him in honour in this division is the seventh Captain who is appointed to bring up the first grand Body of Pikes which likewise is more honour unto him then to lead or bring up any sub-division of Muskettiers as before expressed Having thus resolved of all the Captains and Captains Lieutenants place next follows the reasons of the Lieutenants places where first take notice that the eldest Captains Lieutenant is appointed to bring up the Reer-guard which next the Pikes is the greatest place of honour in the Reer and a very honourable place unto him or if he alters places with the third Captain upon the long-march yet neverthelesse he hath the chiefest place of honour after the Captain Lieutenant amongst all the Lieutenants unto those places he is ordered unto The third Captains Lieutenant is assigned to the next place who leads the second division of Muskettiers in the Van-guard which is more honour to him then to bring up any such division after follows him the fourth Captains Lieutenant who brings up the Reer of the Van-guard which is more honour to him of the places remaining to be there then to bring up either the first division of Muskettiers or the first division of Pikes Lastly the seventh Captains Lieutenant is placed to bring up the first division of Pikes which being the more honourable Arms it adds more honour to him to be there to bring up then the first division of Muskettiers which being the last place of honour it is given to the Captain Lieutenants Bringer-up to be there and thus much shall suffice for the reasons of the places of the first grand Division Now for placing of the Officers of the second grand Division I shall not need to speak any thing concerning the Lieutenant Collonels Major Second Captain and the Majors Lieutenants place in regard in the former Regiments I have endevoured to give the Souldier satisfaction therein Therefore next to those in this grand Division follows to be spoken is the fifth Captain who is the next man of honour and therefore hath his due place appointed out to him to lead the first division of Pikes where the Majors and his own colouâ— flye which is more honour to him to lead there the Van of the Pikes then the Reer-guard of Muskettiers Next to him is the sixt Captain which next the Pikes hath his due place of honour remaining to him to lead the Reer-guard Having thus resolved the Captains places I shall in the next endevour to shew the Lieutenants where first it falls to the Lieutenant Collonels Lieutenant to be placed first who is ordered to bring up the Reer to be an assistant unto his Lieutenant Collonel who is a Field Officer and may have many occasions to fall off and therefore he requires his Lieutenant to be present with his men there as the Collonels doth his in the Front And as much may be said of the Majors Lieutenant but passing him by I come next to the second Captains Lieutenant who is appointed to bring up the Reer of the second Body of Pikes which is the greatest place of honour that is in the Reer next to the Lieutenant Collonels Lieutenant After him follows the fifth Captains Lieutenant who is placed to bring up the Reer of the Van-guard of this division which is more honour then to bring up the Van of the Pikes whose turn being the last place of honour falls to him that is the youngest Lieutenant which is the sixt Captains Lieutenant And thus as briefly as I could I have run over all the reasons for the placing of the Officers in the Regiment drawn up after this manner that I might not be wanting unto the desire of any such who are willing to be informed herein being always ready to imploy my selfe in as plain a way as I can for the benefit of all true loving Souldiers who are concerned herein And therefore for their better satisfaction let them cast their eye upon the Figure as it is demonstrated between Folio 161 and 162 where they shall see every man placed according to my former discourse CHAP. XVII The manner both of the drawing up and the order of the Long-march of Collonel Rainsborough his Regiment bringing up the Reer of the foot of the Army under the Command of the Lord Generall Fairfax at their first marching through the City of London on the seventh of August 1647. THe first order of drawing up the Regiment at their first place of Randezvous before they marched or joyn'd with the Army was thus The Collonels Company being upon the out-most part of the right of the Regiment next to his left by succession was drawn up the second sixt fift and first Captains which make up his division or the right half-ranks in their first drawing up to be compleat and may in their figure of dignity standing in a rank be demonstrated as followeth 4 8 9 5 1. This number of worth being cast up amounteth to 27 and thus much for the Collonels Division Now for the left half-ranks or Lieutenant Collonels Division as many times it is so ordered and appointed his own Company being drawn up upon the out-most part on the left of the Regiment and next to his right after each other is drawn up the third seventh fourth and Majors Company whose figure of dignity standing rank-wise may be thus described 2 6 10 7 3. and their number of dignity in all amounteth to 28. Where you may perceive a rule that the discretion of the Major walketh by in the drawing up of the Regiment to ballance with as neer proportion as he can the number worth and dignity of his right half-ranks or right flank sutable with that of the left For it would be unreasonable that all the best men should be on the right and that the left of the Regiment who are to oppose the Enemies right should have the weakest or meanest men of worth therefore without all question that Body of men that shall be drawn up so as to make all parts of equall worth and strength as the right flank with the left the Front with the Reer so that where ever the Enemy shall fall on to charge any one of these parts being all made equall in strength and worth it must needs prevent all murmuring complaints and carry best approbation to all knowing Commanders And thus much briefly may be spoken in the commendation of the ordering of his Regiment thus far The Captains now standing by their own colours on the head of the Pikes and their Companies being drawn up all and standing in an even Front the Major next commands the Muskettiers to stand the Pikes and Colours to troop forth some ten or twelve paces cleer of the Muskettiers and then they likewise to stand and after to close their files to the midst to order Next he commands the
the severall duties of his Officers and to be a good Posture-man himselfe that when he sees any of his Souldiers handling their Arms in an undecent and slovenly manner he may the better reprove them for the same And although many Captains regardeth them not but leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour Officers yet it is a great deal of honour to him when his Souldiers shall be â—aught by himselfe they more cheerfully and confidently marching a long with him when as they perceive that he is throughly knowing in all things belonging to his charge He shall do well to exercise his Company somtimes himselfe teaching them how to fight upon all occasions whether it be to Front Reer or Flanks or upon surprise of an Ambuscado or any other disadvantage which may befall them informing them how to fall off and rally again in good order And at such times he must couragiously and wisely behave himselfe and incourage his Souldiers of hopes of victory casting off all appearances of fear or danger whatsoever cheerfully animating his Souldiers to fall on taking care and making much of them and not to forsake them untill such time they may be relieved by others He is to have a fatherly care of his Souldiers timely providing for the maimed wounded and sick such helps and remedies as their present conditions requires He must likewise see that there be no want of Victuall Arms or Ammunition he ought not to be covetous nor keep back his Souldiers pay but to see them duly paid visiting and relieving them according to their severall wants and necessities His care must be to execute justice appease quarrels punish offendors by doing whereof he will maintain the honour and dignity of his place He ought to carry a very even hand over his Souldiers and to be very courteous and kind unto them yet with that restriction of familiarity that he come not under contempt And again he must not be too rigid and harsh caning or beating them without just cause lest he incurre their hatred who secretly or in time of battail will seek to be revenged of him endevouring to kill him before their enemy Therefore he ought to be wise and discreet in his commands and carriage towards them his place of marching with his Company is some six foot before the first division of Muskettiers but if his Company be drawn up he is either upon a Stand or upon the March to be on the head of the Pikes six foot before his Ensigne In time of battail although he leads his men up first against the Enemy yet he is not always tied to be in the Front having often just occasion to remove down into the Reer Midst or Flanks carefully casting his eye upon all parts of the Body thereby preventing the least errour or neglect of his Souldiers directing them what to do keeping them in good order as long as occasion shall require Moreover he ought to be very religious temperate and discreet faithfull in his trust valiant in the field against the face of his Enemy and being besieged in either Town or Fort for to preserve his honour never give his consent for the yeilding it up untill it be past hope that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer Of a Serjeant Major HIs duty is every morning and evening or upon any other occasion to attend upon the Generall Martiall of the Field or Serjeant Major Generall of the Army to receive his Orders how or in what manner the Regiment shall march whether in a single Battalion or else in two to be joyned with others After which he gives order accordingly unto the Captains how to draw up their Companies orders them accordingly At which tune of imbattelling or marching he ought to be as neer the midst of the Regiment as he can for the better regulating of them He is to place all the Officers according to their dignity where they are to lead whereto bring up which men they shall take charge of to sight causing the Drum Major after they are all drawn up the other Drummers to beat a March and to move all at one instant as occasion shall require He ought to make all the Divisions as neer qually a like as possible he can he must likewise be well verst in the severall drawing up of Regiments with their various forms of Battail that according to the condition of the place ground number of men and Orders received from the Major Generall or Majors of the Brigades he may not shew himselfe a Novice or one that is to seek nor ought he to go dully or slothfully upon his Charge or place but to be very ready quick and nimbly performing with much ease and readinesse his Battalions and grand Divisions In their drawings up he may be permitted to have pen ink and paper for to take an accompt of the severall strengths of the Captains Companies and to order his men accordingly and ought to give unto all the Officers of the Regiment notes in writing of their severall charges and places In time of fight or otherwise marching with the Regiment he is to be on horse-back in regard he is the eyes hands and feet thereof in time of battail he is to see every Officer to perform his charge and Souldier his duty forcing and compelling them forward if in case they turn their backs He is also to distribute to the Captains and other Officers such Orders as he shall receive from his Collonel or other superiour Officer In marching with the Regiment not alone but with the Army he must know from the Generall Martiall or Major Generall whether the Regiment be to march in the Van-guard Battail or Reer He ought to have some knowledge or information of the Countrey whether it be long or streight thereby judging how to order his marching so as he may not be disturbed by the Enemies Horse or Artillery Being troubled with baggage if there be any difficult passage he ought to be there present to prevent such disorders as may happen giving directions for their placing and marching as they may not be any hinderance to the Regiment putting them in order again before the Regiment shall enter into their Quarters at which time he may give license to the Captains and their Ensignes to take their Iodgings excepting only those who are appointed for Guardians who must enter the Corps due Guard and place their Sentinels untill such time as they shall be relieved by others Now if a Regiment be to be quartered or lodged either in the Field or under shelter if in the Field he must cause it to be barrcadoed or intrenched by the waggons or other defences of the Field after which he is to place his Corps due Guard round about the Quarters and the Sentinels at so neer a distance that they may hear one the other speak being about 80 or 100 paces off from the Corps due Guard being placed double a
either of the flanks by these commands the souldiers aspects are thither brought to present unto him a volley of shot It is likewise very usefull for the making of a Line against a Brest-work or lining of hedges carrying it self severall ways secretly to lye in Ambuscado whereby they may fire upon the Enemy as he marcheth by Or approching against any Fort or place of danger they may daringly make a large front and firing upon them after filing to the right or left making large intervalls they much preserve themselves from the danger of the great shot proceeding from the Enemy Again ranks ranking either in equall or unequall parts is of singular good use upon a narrow passage where they can march but 2 3 4 or 6 a Brest the Commander notwithstanding they marched before 20 a Brest may by it bring them to such small numbers whereby hee may much preserve them in time of imminent danger and perill To dwell no longer upon this discourse Inversion and Conversion many times requres larger distance then any other of the Motions as sometimes double distance or twice double distance wherefore being so many occasions for the use of them both I hold it requisite for a Leader frequently to practise his souldiers in them no part of the Art Military affording more commendations to the Souldiers that shall readily and handsomly perform the same Briefly therefore passing over what might be more spoken concerning them I shall in the next place set them all forth in their full view leaving every discreet Souldier to his own liberty to make use of as many of them as hee shall think fit and to use them after what manner he pleaseth CHAP. XXXIX The words of Command for Ranks Ranking and Files Ranking to the Front they being twelve a Brest and six deep Command RAâ—â—s rank to the right 2 3 4 or 6 as occasion shall require Direction If to two the two out-most men upon the right are to move away the next two to fall behinde them untill the first rank hath made six Ranks and the rest doing the like untill the first six Ranks are become thirty six Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the left the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move away two and two untill they have made up 12 in one rank and the rest are to do the like untill they are made up all again as at first or command Ranks rank as you were the same rule is to be observ'd if you rank to any of the other numbers to divide them accordingly Command Ranks rank three to the left Direction The first three men upon the left are to move away the next three are to fall in behind toward the left untill the first Rank have made foure Ranks the rest are to do the like untill they have made them 24 Ranks Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move forth by three and three untill they have made twelve in one Rank the rest are to do the like untill they be as they were at first or ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank three to the right and left outward Direction The three out-most men of the first rank upon the right and the three out-most men upon the left move away the next three of each hand in the same rank are to do the like and every rank throughout to follow successively dividing themselves three to one hand and three to the other untill they have made twelve ranks in each Division and falling in the Reer successively to each hand of the first rank Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward or ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the right into the front Direction The first rank stand the rest face to the right and move away every rank placing it selfe successively to the right untill they stand all in one rank in the front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the left the first 12 men upon the left are to stand the next 12 are to face to the left and to move and fall in the Reer of the first and so consequently all the rest or else to command ranks rank as you were Cmmand Ranks rank intire to the left into the front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and move untill they have successively placed themselves and made one intire rank into the front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the 12 out-most men upon the right stand the rest face to the right and move making 12 in every rank or ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank outward into the front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward and place your selves successively into the Front facing after to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward the 12 middle-most men stand the rest face inward and move ranking 12 successively behinde the first rank and after facing to their Leader and to even their ranks Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next rank moving up into his ground doing the like and consequently so all the rest untill the last rank be come up intire into the front Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions Command Files rank to the right into the front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance and ranks close forwards to close order and move up to the right into the front Reducement Rank file six to the left the first six upon the left are to fall into a file the rest doing the like untill you have made 12 files as at first or command rank file as you were Command Files rank to the left into the front Direction Every man is to move forward to the left into the front beginning from the Leader of the File and moving up successively making one intire rank Reducement Rank file six to the right the six out-most men upon the right are to fall into a file the rest in like manner are to do the same or rank file as you were Command Files rank outward into the front Direction Right and left halfe ranks close into the midst to close order after move to the right and left outward untill they be come up into the front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the midde men are to stand the rest are to move side-wayes to the right and left inward and to file as before commanded or rank file as you were Command Files rank inward into the front Direction Right and left half Ranks open from the midst to twice double Distance and Files move up to the right and left intire
properly belongs to the Serjeant Major Generall whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an able an experienced Souldier In respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that forme which the Generall shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to fore-see all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord Generall or Martiall of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals Command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the forme of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Collonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the youngest Collonel and ninth Collonel according unto this rule of dignity in the figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Collonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Collonels after this manner of this figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant Major draw up that Brigade which shall be the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Collonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Collonels and between them the tenth and seventh Collonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3. This charge being given by the Serjeant Major Generall unto the three Serjeant Majors of the three Tertia's or Brigades how each perticuler Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared a like each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assign'd unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant Major Generall being helped and assisted by the Field-officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant Major Generall likewise being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the Generall rightly observed and fulfilled After this the Generall of the Ordance his duty and care must be in the day of battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdome is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Tram of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall out and make choise of such ground for their planting as the Generall of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be carefull that all things be in a readinesse putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the Gen. of the Army upon all occasious to receive his directions and commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out hills and heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himselfe and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the divisions of foot taking a long with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed off severall ways as somtimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others by threes upon the flanks and wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the flanks and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Armes which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Front is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause to come up with more courage to fall on upon the Charge Therefore the best way amongst the ancient experienc'd Souldiers is that the Artillery be divided some here some there both before the Front between the Battalions and upon the Flanks and to be placed some 50 or an 100 paces one from another and then there will be no danger when the Enemy shall come up to shock to encounter you or to offend our own men Especially when they are fastened to them by drawing ropes and iron rings that upon an instant they may be removed and turn'd for the advantage of our own Troops giving fire as fast as they can charge and discharge against the Enemies Troops it being a matter of great moment for the obteining of a victory and gaining the day from the Enemy But that many times the Ordnance cannot be planted in such convenient places as could be wished for in respect an Army may be driven into such places as the Ordnance must be planted according to the best ground it will afford by reason of woods hills or marrish grounds and such like disadvantageous places may be oftentimes met withall for which no certain rule may be given but that the Generall by his wisdom and discretion may make choice of the best advantages which might annoy an Enemy most and give the least offence to his own men either by dazling them by the Sun or by raising of the dust observing the winde which drives the smoak both of the Ordnance and small-shot full upon them To conclude it is conceived the best way for every Captain of the Ordnance and Master Gunner to use some light Field peeces and small Drakes which upon any occasion may be removed from one place to another being with ease planted upon such places of advantage as may most annoy the
Depth for the want of both either Length or Depth may be very dangerous to our selves and may give great advantage to the Enemy For if there should want a sufficient Depth by gaining much Length in the Front we may perhaps be so weak there that an Enemy may quickly break through whereby much danger may insult upon the same if not timely prevented by the discretion of the Commanders There is likewise in the doubling of Files or the half-files or the half-Ranks doubling to either Flank a doubling of number of men and not of place carrying much variety of Words of Command but the doubling of Files and of the left half-Ranks intire the Depth of the right Flank is not only a doubling of the number but a doubling of the place and depth of the Battail In this doubling of the Depth care likewise must be had that we make not the â—ront too narrow lest we give opportunity to the Enemy to incircle and incompasse it To conclude therefore take notice that Doublings were invented to strengthen any part of the body that shall be weak whether in the Front or Reer right Flank or left whether it be in number of men or place Length or Depth it is to be used according to the discretion of the Commander There is likewise farther to be considered in Doublings whether they double the number or place Length or Depâ—h it is to be performed by one of these two either intire or divisionall Doublings therefore I shall proceed and go on to shew what I conceive to be the properest way in the progresse of them in a right order and therefore I will begin to set down the Words of Command first to double the Front and so farther proceed to shew the Doublings of the Flanks And first of intire Doublings and next of the divisionall and in the mean time I shall crave pardon from the courteous Souldier that I put not down severall pricks or figures to set forth the same endevouring rather to give him the Words of Command for each perticuler Doubling with directions for performance of the same together with their severall reducements leaving it to his ingenious study and practise to make use of what he pleaseth where he may câ—â—ll and chuse out such as shall be convenient and fit either for service or delight by the way advising him to retein in his memory what he intends to practise and not to meddle with any thing but what he assuredly knows will carry such weight and able reasons for their use and service as shall admit of no controlment from the judicious Souldier CHAP. XXX The Words of Command for all Intire Doublings to the Front to be performed one time or other in time of Exercise Command RAnks to the Right double Direction Every even Rank move forward with the right leg and with three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the left double Or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the left double Direction Every even Rank from the Front move forwards with the left leg and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right double or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double outward Direction Every even Rank move outward from the midst at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double inward or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double inward Direction Every even Rank from the Front move inward from the Flanks and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double outward or Ranks as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move forwards to the right into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left or half-files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the left Direction Half-files advance forwards to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right or half Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance forwards to the right and left from the midst and move up into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward or half-files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Half-files move forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right left outward or half-files as you were Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Direction Bringers-up advance your Arms and move forwards with the right leg into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Direction Bringers-up advance forwards to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Bringers-up advance forward from the midst of the Reer to the right and left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Bringers-up advance forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the right intire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the right march forth double the odd Reducement Right half-ranks double your left Flank or ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks to the left intire Direction Every even rank from the Front face to the left march forth double the odd Reducement Left half-ranks double your right Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks inward intire Direction Every even rank from the Reer move away outward untill you be cleer of the standing part and after every even Rank from the Front move forwards and double the odd Reducement The in-most Files double your Flanks to the right and left outward and after close Command Double your Ranks to the right intire every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand man Direction Every even rank from the Front move away to the right and place your selves on the out-side of your right-hand men and double the odd Ranks Reducement Right-half-ranks double your left Flank every man placing himselfe on the in-side of his left-hand man Command Double your Ranks to the left intire every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand man Direction Every even rank from the Front move away to the left and double the odd Ranks by placing your selves on the out-side of your left-hand men Reducement Left-half-ranks double your right Flank every man placing himselfe on the in-side of his right-hand man Command Half-files double your Front to the right intire
Enemy In the next place 3000 horse may be a good proportion for 10000 or 12000 foot which ought to be equally divided in their Troops and placed upon the flanks of the foot in such good order as the Troops may come with conveniency to fight for the relieving of each other But in case you shall perceive the Enemies horse as somtimes through necessity of ground or by other politicall ends may be inter-laced and placed between the intervalls and divisions of their foot it will be needfull then that we should observe the same form and likewise have horse to come forth and encounter with their horse least they should â—reak in upon our divisions of foot which by this means and good order may be timely prevented next follows the Figure of the Army as before described and ordered to be drawn up â—olio 176. CHAP. XXIII The severall duties belonging to the Foot in a Regiment as followth by degrees from a private Souldier unto a Collonel of the same and first of a private Souldier A Private Souldier ought to be very active not slothfull and idle informing himself of his duty learning from his Corporall or other Officers the true use and well handling of his armes always keeping them neat clean and well fixed Upon the beat of the Drum he is to repair to his Colours Squaâ—ron or Company upon the march he must observe his Leader and his right and left hand men that he may march streight in file and even in rank in time of Exercise he must be silent in the body well minding the words of command and directions which are given forth by the leader He ought likewise to be well verst in all the ordinary words of command and to mind the place wherein he stands that he may the more readier move and not be to seeke at such time when he shall be commanded wehther it be to face double counter-march or wheel He mâ—st informe himselfe of all the severall beats of the drum as first of a Call second a Troop third a March fourth a Preparative fifth a Battle or Charge sixth a Retreat and also of the Revallâ—y and the Tattoo By the first he is summoned to hear present proclamation or else commanded to repair to his colours upon the beat of the second he is to advance his armes and to close in rank and file to the distance of order and to troop along unto such places and services as he shall be comanded unto upon the hearing of the third he is presently to shoulder his arms and to take his distance of six foot in rank and three foot in file upon the fourth he is to close both in rank and file unto the fighting distance which is called order and to prepare himself for skirmish upon the beat of the next he is undauntedly to move forward boldly steping in good order into the place of his fellow souldier that shall happen to fall down dead before him Upon the beat of the last he must orderly fall back either for releife or advantage of ground or other polliticall ends whereby he may draw the enemy into a suare The first of the remaining two gives warning in the morning for some of the Sentinels to fall off or to be taken in the latter is used in the night to give notice unto the souldiers or others for their repairing to their severall guards watches and lodgings To conclude a private souldier ought to avoyd all quarrelling mutinies swearing cursing or lying and to be content with his wâ—ges and likewise to be a good husband in the well managing of his means keeping himselfe neat and handsome in his apparell avoyding drunkenness and all manner of gaming truly to serve and feare God and to be obedient unto all the commands of his superiours cheerfully going on upon all duties and to be loving kind and courteous unto all his fellow souldiers The duty of a Sentinel A Sentinel must be very vigilant carefully casting his eyes about him and harkning whether he heare the noyse or approach of any drawing neer him which if he perceive he is presently to command them to stand presenting his Musket or Pike to their brest and after calling his Corporal for to take the word unlesse he should be commanded to come in silently He is not to come off until he be relieved by the Corporall or Lanspassadoe His proper posture being a Muskettier is to have his Musketrested and loaded with powder and bullet his match cockt and his pan guarded being a pike-man if he stand Sentinell in the night he must have his pike check'd if in the day his pike ordered Or it may be a very proper posture for a pikeman to stand sentinell with his pike in his left hand holding it a little below the cheeks thereof and with his sword drawn being held in his right hand which I leave to judge or to be made use of according to discretion and as occasion shall require Of a Gentleman of a Company A Gentleman of a company ought to have such worth in him as may make him capable to be a file-leader or Captain of his file and he more especially above the rest ought to be well skill'd in all the postures of such armes he weares and at convenient times instructing and teaching his file in the neat and gracefull handling of their armes He ought to be of an undaunted courage and gallant resolution for the better example and imitation of the rest whose worth and valour many times indears them so much into the savour of their Comanders that they raise them up to greater places of preferment In the Low Countries a Gentleman of a Company hath his full pay having nothing kept back for after reckonings as common private souldiers have At his first entrance he somtimes stands Sentinell to informe himselfe of the duties thereof but most commonly he is placed to be a Sentinell per-due intime of iminent danger either in the field or upon approches He is to lie perdue with his sword and pistoll not removing from his place till he be relieved nor is he to retreat for one man but in case of more then he is to fall back to the second and discovering an enemy he is to come off betimes and silently to give the alarum whereby the Corps du Guard or company may be provided for their own defence A Gentleman of a Company doth many times goe the round with the Captain of the watch or his fellow Gentlemen who are likewise rounders either in the field or in garrison and doe give the Corporals of the Guards the word charging the Sentinells to looke well about them To conclude he ought truly to love respect and obey his Captain and to stick close unto him vindicating him upon all just occasions when he shall be wronged and injured by any muâ—â—â—es of the common souldiers or others Of a Barber Chyrurgion IN every Company there ought to be a Barber Chyrurgion