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form_n which_o aelian_n describe_v for_o where_o aelian_n will_v have_v xenagy_n to_o follow_v one_o another_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a 16_o file_n of_o the_o xenagie_n shall_v be_v lay_v together_o all_o the_o fileleader_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o even_a front_n now_o you_o have_v example_n where_o whole_a company_n march_v in_o one_o file_n so_o that_o all_o the_o fileleader_n have_v not_o the_o front_n but_o rest_v include_v in_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o file_n and_o yet_o many_o of_o these_o file_n join_v together_o make_v a_o induction_n 56._o xenophon_n report_v that_o when_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a be_v muster_v and_o exercise_v his_o army_n in_o the_o field_n there_o come_v unto_o he_o a_o messenger_n from_o cyaxares_n the_o king_n of_o the_o mede_n be_v cyrus_n
yet_o remain_v the_o file_n file_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o be_v not_o alter_v into_o rank_n aelian_n himself_o give_v testimony_n hereto_o affirm_v that_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n whereas_o if_o the_o file_n hold_v not_o their_o first_o name_n after_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a flank_n the_o march_n forward_o the_o fileleader_n be_v in_o the_o flank_n shall_v be_v by_o file_n and_o not_o by_o rank_n 4._o for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a side_n a_o doubleside_v 〈…〉_z be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o the_o flank_n the_o rest_n back_o to_o back_o within_o when_o the_o enemy_n give_v on_o for_o otherwise_o when_o they_o march_v forward_o all_o their_o face_n be_v set_v one_o way_n that_o be_v towards_o the_o place_n whether_o the_o march_n be_v intend_v a_o treble-sided_n battle_n be_v when_o three_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v whether_o the_o front_n and_o both_o the_o flank_n or_o both_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n one_o of_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o front_n and_o the_o fileleader_n be_v order_v on_o all_o the_o three_o side_n a_o quadruple_a battle_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n be_v place_v in_o front_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o in_o both_o the_o flank_n a_o example_n of_o the_o quadruple_a battle_n will_v show_v the_o use_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o rest_n for_o as_o the_o rest_n oppose_v one_o two_o or_o three_o side_n against_o the_o enemy_n so_o the_o quadruple_a fortify_v and_o strengthen_v all_o the_o four_o side_n by_o place_v the_o fileleader_n in_o they_o of_o order_v the_o fileleader_n upon_o one_o flank_n deduction_n may_v be_v be_v a_o example_n upon_o both_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n upon_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o amphistomus_fw-la on_o all_o four_o side_n the_o plesium_n of_o all_o which_o occasion_n will_v be_v give_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o may_v signify_v that_o the_o plesium_n be_v a_o square_a hollow_a battle_n the_o length_n whereof_o much_o exceed_v the_o depth_n have_v the_o arm_a foot_n place_v on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n the_o lightarmed_n throw_v into_o the_o midst_n the_o grecian_n that_o follow_v cyrus_n the_o young_a into_o persia_n against_o king_n artaxerxes_n after_o their_o colonel_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o subtlety_n and_o perjury_n of_o tissaphernes_n be_v but_o 10000_o and_o to_o retreat_v through_o open_a and_o plain_a ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v like_a to_o be_v charge_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o xenophon_n cast_v themselves_o into_o this_o form_n his_o word_n be_v in_o effect_n these_o we_o e._n shall_v it_o may_v be_v march_n in_o more_o safety_n if_o we_o order_v ourselves_o into_o a_o plesium_n of_o arm_a foot_n and_o give_v the_o carriage_n and_o disarm_v multitude_n a_o place_n of_o security_n within_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v now_o resolve_v aforehand_o who_o shall_v command_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o plesium_n and_o take_v charge_n of_o vaunt_v who_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o who_o in_o the_o rear_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o take_v advice_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o which_o be_v resolve_v before_o and_o a_o little_a after_o and_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o cherisophus_n be_v the_o fit_a commander_n for_o the_o vaunt_v because_o he_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a and_o let_v two_o of_o the_o â—ldest_a colonel_n take_v care_n of_o the_o flank_n the_o young_a namely_o myself_o and_o timasion_n will_v look_v to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v xenophons_n counsel_n and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o march_v and_o be_v charge_v afterward_o with_o both_o persian_a horse_n and_o foot_n they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o effort_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o quadruple_a battle_n therefore_o be_v use_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v to_o give_v on_o all_o side_n and_o he_o that_o can_v frame_v it_o can_v easy_o cast_v his_o troop_n into_o the_o other_o two_o form_n yet_o will_v not_o every_o receive_n the_o enemy_n in_o flank_n prove_v a_o deduction_n for_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n you_o shall_v be_v drive_v to_o facing_n wherein_o you_o only_o turn_v the_o face_n of_o soldier_n to_o the_o flank_n without_o any_o deduction_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o this_o battle_n express_v in_o the_o picture_n 5._o do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n i_o suspect_v this_o place_n to_o be_v corrupt_v in_o the_o text_n of_o aelian_n the_o rather_o because_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o a_o deduction_n he_o say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n wherein_o the_o depth_n 〈◊〉_d manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o last_o foregoing_a chapter_n do_v show_v beside_o the_o example_n which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o both_o the_o deduction_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v describe_v another_o of_o the_o defensive_a form_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o phalange_n autistomus_n in_o which_o although_o the_o march_n be_v not_o continue_v for_o it_o be_v always_o take_v up_o in_o a_o stand_n to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n defensive_a against_o the_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v about_o to_o charge_v your_o rear_n 2._o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v litigious_a and_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o learned_a which_o of_o two_o name_n the_o chapter_n shall_v bear_v gaza_n gesner_n and_o arcierus_n will_v have_v it_o inscribe_v antitistomus_n robortellus_n amphistomus_fw-la i_o have_v in_o the_o translation_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o robortellus_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o of_o these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
charge_v the_o rear_n but_o since_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n and_o where_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o shall_v be_v correct_v and_o write_v as_o i_o take_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n 10._o julius_n pollux_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o forepart_n of_o those_o that_o fight_n be_v call_v the_o front_n the_o rank_n and_o the_o face_n the_o outward_a part_n on_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o flank_n the_o wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a the_o midst_n the_o navel_n f._n the_o depth_n the_o parget_n or_o wall_n the_o like_a do_v 89._o leo_n in_o many_o place_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a number_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o flank_n albeit_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o rear_n sometime_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n who_o describe_v a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o corcyreians_n and_o lacedaemonian_n have_v thus_o mnasippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n embattail_v his_o army_n put_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_o the_o gate_n to_o flight_n and_o follow_v the_o chaâ—â—_n they_o be_v come_v near_o the_o wall_n turn_v again_o and_o throw_v and_o cast_v dart_n from_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v out_o of_o the_o other_o gate_n in_o good_a number_n fall_v upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v order_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 8_o deep_a and_o think_v the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a endeavour_v to_o retire_v and_o fall_v off_o the_o enemy_n no_o soon_o see_v they_o give_v ground_n but_o present_o fall_v on_o more_o eager_o imagine_v they_o flee_v neither_o do_v they_o turn_v their_o face_n any_o more_o and_o they_o who_o stand_v next_o unto_o they_o soughe_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n mnasippus_n can_v give_v no_o aid_n to_o his_o distress_a soldier_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v hardly_o lay_v to_o by_o the_o corcireans_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o he_o and_o his_o number_n by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v at_o last_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n press_v they_o sore_o that_o stand_v about_o mnasippus_n who_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o the_o arm_a foot_n of_o the_o city_n see_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o issue_v out_o and_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v mnasippus_n they_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o of_o they_o together_o thus_o 693._o xenophon_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n take_v for_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n howsover_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a signify_v the_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n therefore_o differ_v from_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la in_o this_o only_a because_o the_o last_o maintain_v fight_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o first_o in_o both_o flank_n and_o aelian_a in_o this_o chapter_n describe_v the_o battle_n which_o maintain_v the_o fight_n 7._o in_o the_o flank_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o inscription_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n and_o that_o the_o text_n ought_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v by_o aelian_n himself_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n where_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o battle_n he_o say_v plain_o that_o the_o antistomus_n fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v then_o in_o the_o text_n those_o in_o the_o flank_n make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v agree_v to_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n 3._o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n the_o use_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v principal_o against_o horse_n as_o aelian_n give_v to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v quick_a and_o speedy_a and_o can_v sudden_o turn_v divide_v themselves_o and_o charge_v where_o they_o list_v and_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v the_o weak_a part_n for_o your_o best_a man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o find_v out_o some_o mean_n to_o defend_v they_o which_o be_v to_o instruct_v your_o soldier_n how_o to_o receive_v the_o charge_n by_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o flank_n in_o front_v you_o be_v always_o ready_a because_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v bend_v that_o way_n effect_v the_o like_a in_o the_o flank_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v any_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o foot_n the_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a because_o your_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o face_v every_o way_n as_o ready_o as_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o only_o exercise_v and_o acqaint_v they_o with_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n 4._o and_o principal_o practise_v against_o the_o barbarian_n that_o it_o be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o grecian_n i_o find_v not_o in_o there_o history_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o use_n may_v be_v great_a in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la but_o i_o take_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v seldom_o put_v in_o practice_n to_o be_v because_o the_o flank_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o grecian_a battle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n guard_v with_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n the_o front_n and_o rear_v have_v no_o such_o defence_n be_v common_o attach_v by_o the_o enemy_n seek_v all_o advantage_n to_o distress_v they_o and_o in_o case_n the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n be_v absent_a the_o flank_n be_v the_o fair_a mark_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v secure_v but_o by_o face_v that_o way_n where_o he_o give_v on_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o see_v by_o the_o fight_n cyrus_n the_o elder_a have_v against_o croesus_n which_o example_n you_o shall_v see_v set_v out_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46._o chap._n page_n 79._o 5._o those_o be_v broad_a square_n that_o which_o i_o here_o translate_v a_o broad_a square_n be_v in_o the_o greek_a heteromeke_n of_o which_o form_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o note_n upon_o the_o 30._o chapter_n cap._n 39_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n front_n word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n for_o that_o form_n be_v describe_v in_o this_o chapter_n 1._o half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n 2._o charge_v your_o pike_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n 1._o advance_v your_o pike_n 2._o face_n as_o you_o be_v 1_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_fw-la chap._n thirty-nine_o 1_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n be_v like_a to_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o form_n be_v a_o little_a alter_v so_o that_o it_o accustome_v the_o soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o incursion_n of_o horse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o 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darter_n run_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a army_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n throw_v many_o and_o forcible_a dart_n at_o the_o celte_n the_o celte_n of_o the_o rear_n find_v good_a use_n of_o their_o coat_n and_o breech_n but_o those_o that_o fight_v naked_a in_o the_o front_n this_o accident_n happen_v contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n be_v trouble_v out_o of_o measure_n and_o wonderful_o perplex_v for_o the_o gaulish_a target_n be_v not_o of_o sufficiency_n to_o cover_v a_o man_n body_n the_o great_a and_o naked_a their_o body_n be_v the_o more_o be_v they_o subject_a to_o wound_n and_o the_o less_o the_o weapon_n miss_v the_o mark_n at_o the_o last_o be_v not_o able_a to_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o lightarmed_n who_o ply_v they_o a_o far_o off_o nor_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o dart_n that_o fall_v among_o they_o and_o be_v trouble_v and_o confuse_a with_o their_o present_a state_n some_o of_o they_o out_o of_o a_o rage_n and_o brutishness_n run_v vain_o upon_o 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stretch_v out_o in_o file_n it_o differ_v in_o that_o zenophons_n file_n be_v place_v in_o distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o have_v all_o a_o equal_a front_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o battle_n plagiophalange_a where_o in_o the_o other_o example_n they_o be_v join_v to_o the_o end_n to_o make_v a_o orthiophalange_n and_o in_o several_a body_n to_o follow_v one_o another_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v otherwise_o take_v in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o roman_n describe_v by_o the_o greciatis_n so_o 22._o scipio_n order_v his_o battle_n against_o hannibal_n in_o the_o fight_n of_o africa_n be_v report_v by_o appian_n to_o have_v dispose_v his_o army_n into_o maniple_n distribute_v into_o three_o kind_n of_o body_n the_o maniple_n to_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d
certain_a mountain_n over_o which_o the_o grecian_n be_v to_o pass_v make_v alte_fw-la some_o 30_o furlong_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o enemy_n lest_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n he_o shall_v fight_v with_o his_o army_n be_v lead_v in_o a_o wing_n or_o orthiophalange_n he_o command_v therefore_o the_o captain_n that_o follow_v he_o with_o their_o company_n every_o one_o after_o another_o to_o 〈◊〉_d sleeve_n up_o their_o company_n by_o he_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o cast_v the_o army_n into_o a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad_a front_a battle_n when_o thereare_a commander_n be_v come_v up_o he_o call_v a_o counsel_n to_o advise_v of_o the_o best_a course_n in_o proceed_v here_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o grecian_n march_v express_v to_o be_v in_o a_o hearse_n or_o orthiophalange_n which_o consist_v of_o many_o company_n one_o follow_v another_o and_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o transfigure_v the_o hearse_n into_o a_o broad_a front_a phalange_n viz._n the_o captain_n one_o 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sleeve_v but_o upon_o one_o hand_n a_o three_o way_n of_o make_v a_o plagiophalange_n of_o a_o hearse_n i_o find_v in_o b._n polybius_n machanidas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a tyrant_n say_v he_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o philopaemea_n the_o achaean_n general_n who_o have_v fashion_v his_o army_n into_o a_o broad_a front_a phalange_n make_v semblance_n at_o first_o as_o though_o he_o mean_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hearse_n to_o charge_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n but_o approach_v near_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n he_o break_v off_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o hearse_n and_o face_v it_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n march_v out_o and_o lead_v it_o out_o in_o length_n and_o join_v it_o in_o equal_a front_n with_o his_o right_a wing_n thereby_o equal_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o achaean_n in_o this_o manner_n of_o transform_v the_o hearse_n into_o broad_a front_a phalange_n the_o company_n or_o body_n follow_v not_o one_o another_o to_o sleeve_n up_o to_o the_o front_n but_o half_o the_o plagiophalange_n be_v break_v off_o at_o once_o the_o rear_n half_a and_o face_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n be_v lead_v up_o and_o join_v in_o a_o even_a front_n with_o the_o other_o half_a not_o unlike_a to_o our_o usagein_o exercise_n when_o we_o command_v our_o middle_a man_n with_o their_o half_a file_n to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o march_v out_o to_o double_v the_o front_n of_o our_o battle_n thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o name_n use_v and_o reduction_n of_o one_o of_o these_o two_o phalanges_fw-la to_o another_o the_o three_o phalange_n mention_v in_o this_o chapter_n follow_v 7_o the_o phalange_n loxe_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o lox_n or_o uneven_a front_v phalanges_fw-la the_o front_n of_o the_o one_o be_v figure_v in_o a_o continue_a right_a line_n stretch_v out_o bias-wise_a thus_o the_o other_o have_v as_o it_o be_v two_o front_n form_v out_o of_o two_o several_a part_n of_o the_o phalange_n the_o one_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n the_o other_o stay_v behind_o and_o keep_v the_o first_o ground_n be_v order_v without_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o first_o that_o upon_o occasion_n it_o may_v likewise_o advance_v and_o join_v or_o else_o retire_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v back_o the_o figure_n show_v the_o shape_n of_o it_o the_o last_o have_v be_v use_v by_o great_a general_n as_o a_o form_n of_o advantage_n in_o fight_n the_o first_o only_a to_o win_v a_o passage_n as_o i_o take_v it_o over_o a_o river_n or_o such_o like_a where_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n can_v not_o pass_v and_o to_o bring_v the_o army_n to_o a_o ground_n where_o it_o may_v be_v order_v in_o better_a form_n for_o fight_v i_o will_v give_v one_o example_n for_o i_o read_v not_o many_o of_o the_o first_o â—_o alexander_n have_v convey_v his_o army_n over_o hellespont_n and_o enter_v into_o phrygia_n come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n granicus_n three_o lieutenant_n of_o darius_n with_o 20000._o horse_n and_o well_o nigh_o as_o many_o foot_n have_v embattel_v themselves_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n the_o river_n be_v full_a of_o depth_n and_o slallowe_n somewhat_o dangerous_a to_o enter_v and_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o further_a side_n high_a rough_a and_o steepy_a beside_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a with_o horse_n cast_v into_o a_o long_a or_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n and_o with_o second_o of_o foot_n to_o beat_v he_o back_o that_o shall_v offer_v to_o climb_v the_o bank_n alexander_n be_v resolve_v to_o pass_v over_o first_o order_v his_o troop_n in_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o right_a wing_n he_o command_v himself_o and_o give_v the_o command_n of_o the_o leave_v to_o parmenio_n then_o put_v the_o scout-horse_n with_o the_o paeonian_o into_o the_o river_n and_o after_o they_o a_o phalangarchy_n of_o foot_n lead_v by_o amyntas_n the_o son_n of_o arrabius_n and_o then_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n of_o philip_n who_o command_v the_o troop_n of_o socrates_n which_o troop_n have_v the_o vaunt_v of_o all_o the_o horse_n that_o day_n himself_o with_o the_o right_a wing_n enter_v the_o river_n the_o trumpet_n sound_v and_o the_o army_n give_v a_o shout_n extend_v still_o his_o battle_n bias-wise_a against_o the_o stream_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o end_n the_o persian_n may_v not_o fall_v upon_o he_o as_o he_o lead_v in_o a_o wing_n but_o himself_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a may_v come_v to_o join_v with_o they_o have_v the_o front_n of_o his_o phalange_n extend_v in_o length_n the_o persian_n cast_v 〈◊〉_d dart_n from_o the_o high_a ground_n against_o the_o troop_n of_o amyntas_n and_o of_o socrates_n as_o they_o approach_v to_o the_o further_a bank_n and_o some_o of_o they_o where_o the_o ground_n be_v more_o even_o descend_v to_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o river_n so_o there_o be_v thrust_v and_o sholder_v of_o horseman_n some_o to_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o river_n some_o to_o hinder_v the_o ascent_n the_o persian_n let_v fly_v many_o a_o dart_n the_o macedonian_n fight_v with_o spear_n the_o first_o macedonian_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o the_o persian_n be_v cut_v a_o piece_n fight_v valiant_o save_v only_o those_o that_o retire_v unto_o alexander_n who_o be_v now_o near_o advance_v with_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o himself_o first_o of_o all_o charge_v the_o persian_n where_o the_o principal_a strength_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o the_o general_n of_o the_o field_n stand_v about_o he_o be_v a_o strong_a fight_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n one_o troop_n after_o another_o pass_v easy_o over_o the_o river_n this_o passage_n of_o the_o history_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o forbear_v to_o recite_v the_o rest_n only_o
rehearse_n but_o i_o have_v be_v long_o in_o the_o example_n of_o epaminondas_n and_o therefore_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o quotation_n 716._o demetrius_n frame_v the_o like_a battle_n against_o ptolemy_n and_o seleucus_n albeit_o he_o be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o hope_n in_o the_o event_n by_o the_o foresight_n of_o ptolemy_n who_o oppose_v his_o choice_a troop_n against_o that_o wing_n of_o demetrius_n which_o be_v first_o to_o undertake_v the_o charge_n hitherto_o of_o these_o three_o form_n of_o phalanges_fw-la see_v the_o figure_n in_o which_o albeit_o the_o two_o first_o be_v portrait_v without_o interual_n yet_o you_o must_v in_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n understand_v the_o three_o interual_n usual_a in_o the_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n and_o in_o the_o hearse_n the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o body_n that_o lead_v and_o of_o the_o front_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la and_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o 1_o parembole_n or_o insertion_n be_v when_o soldier_n be_v place_v in_o a_o body_n we_o take_v some_o of_o the_o hindmost_a and_o order_v they_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o a_o equal_a front_n 2_o protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o make_v they_o forestander_n as_o the_o fileleader_n be_v 3_o when_o we_o order_v the_o light_n arm_v behind_o it_o be_v call_v epitaxis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o after-placing_a 4_o prostaxis_fw-la or_o adjoin_v be_v when_o to_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o to_o one_o flank_n some_o of_o the_o hindmost_a be_v add_v the_o front_n of_o they_o which_o be_v add_v lie_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n this_o addition_n be_v call_v prostaxis_fw-la 5_o entaxis_fw-la or_o insition_n be_v when_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o set_v the_o light_n arm_v within_o the_o space_n of_o the_o phalange_n man_n to_o man_n 6_o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a be_v when_o a_o man_n bestow_v the_o light_n arm_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a figure_n resemble_v a_o threefold_a gate_n or_o door_n cap._n 31._o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a entaxis_fw-la or_o insertion_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v note_n this_o chapter_n show_v the_o enlarge_n of_o a_o phalange_n or_o battle_n by_o diverse_a placing_n partly_o of_o the_o arm_a partly_o of_o the_o lightarmed_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o be_v understand_v the_o rather_o because_o most_o of_o the_o alteration_n here_o mention_v be_v speak_v of_o heretofore_o either_o in_o aelian_a or_o in_o my_o note_n six_o form_n be_v here_o set_v down_o two_o by_o change_v the_o place_n of_o some_o of_o the_o arm_a the_o other_o four_o by_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n the_o arm_a be_v alter_v by_o man_n parembole_n or_o adjoin_v prostaxis_fw-la the_o light_n arm_v by_o forefront_v protaxis_fw-la after_o epitaxis_fw-la between_o entaxis_fw-la and_o wing_n hypotaxis_fw-la what_o the_o signification_n of_o each_o be_v shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o note_n follow_v 1._o parembole_n this_o must_v always_o be_v of_o arm_a which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o insert_v betwixt_o the_o file_n of_o the_o front_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o double_n of_o the_o front_n by_o middle_a man_n with_o their_o half_a file_n whereof_o aelian_n have_v speak_v in_o the_o 29_o chapter_n see_v the_o figure_n there_o 2._o protaxis_fw-la or_o fore-fronting_a i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n that_o the_o lightarmed_n be_v diverse_o place_v in_o the_o front_n in_o the_o rear_n on_o the_o wing_n within_o the_o battle_n when_o they_o be_v place_v before_o it_o be_v call_v protaxis_fw-la see_v the_o figure_n here_o â—_o ptolemy_n and_o seleucus_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o demetrius_n who_o have_v many_o elephant_n place_v the_o light_n arm_v before_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o wound_v the_o elephant_n and_o turn_v they_o away_o from_o their_o phalange_n so_o alexander_n so_o darius_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o issos_n place_v darter_n and_o slinger_n before_o the_o front_n of_o their_o phalange_n they_o serve_v great_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n be_v so_o place_v especial_o be_v not_o charge_v with_o horse_n or_o pike_n if_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o either_o they_o be_v to_o retire_v into_o the_o interual_n of_o their_o own_o battle_n of_o pike_n see_v onosander_n cite_v by_o i_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 7_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n 3._o epitaxis_fw-la order_v of_o the_o lightarmed_n behind_o be_v the_o usual_a manner_n of_o the_o macedonian_a embattel_v from_o whence_o they_o draw_v they_o at_o pleasure_n to_o any_o place_n of_o service_n see_v the_o 7_o chapter_n 4._o prostaxis_fw-la it_o be_v when_o arm_v be_v take_v from_o behind_o and_o lay_v to_o one_o or_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n front_v even_o with_o the_o front_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o double_n of_o rank_n as_o be_v before_o show_v do_v when_o the_o hinder_v half_a file_n divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o and_o front_n with_o the_o fileleader_n or_o else_o march_v out_o entire_o without_o division_n entaxis_fw-la incision_n be_v always_o of_o the_o light_n arm_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o arm_a it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o pareutaxis_fw-la another_o greek_a word_n use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n 6._o hypotaxis_fw-la place_v of_o the_o light_n arm_v on_o the_o wing_n be_v much_o use_v in_o ancient_a time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n but_o aelian_n will_v have_v they_o so_o place_v that_o the_o eminency_n of_o they_o shall_v make_v a_o hollow_a front_n in_o the_o battle_n patritius_fw-la take_v hypotaxis_fw-la to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o rear_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o because_o the_o place_n of_o 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reduce_v it_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o 1_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o show_v himself_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o our_o march_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o macedonian_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a from_o who_o the_o appellation_n be_v according_o draw_v the_o history_n witness_v that_o philip_n who_o much_o enlarge_v the_o macedonian_a kingdom_n and_o over-came_v the_o grecian_n in_o a_o battle_n at_o cheronea_n and_o make_v himself_o general_n of_o grecia_n and_o likewise_o his_o son_n alexander_n who_o in_o short_a time_n conquer_v all_o asia_n make_v small_a account_n of_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n unless_o necessity_n force_v it_o and_o that_o by_o use_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a they_o both_o become_v victorious_a over_o their_o enemy_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n the_o enemy_n fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n be_v cause_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o hindermost_a march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o make_v show_n of_o run_v away_o it_o more_o incourage_v and_o embolden_v the_o enemy_n to_o fall_v on_o for_o fear_n and_o pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v ordinary_o incident_a to_o this_o countermarch_v but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n for_o when_o the_o enemy_n show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o fileleader_n with_o their_o follower_n brave_o advance_v and_o oppose_v themselves_o it_o strike_v no_o small_a fear_n and_o terror_n into_o their_o mind_n note_n all_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o a_o battle_n face_v countermarch_v double_v and_o wheel_v be_v before_o handle_v in_o this_o chapter_n aelian_n brief_o rehearse_v the_o use_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o 1._o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o
to_o be_v change_v nor_o any_o number_n of_o soldier_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n than_o they_o have_v for_o hereof_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n will_v straight_o arise_v and_o the_o enemy_n will_v easy_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o ready_a or_o fallout_v to_o be_v disorder_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o grecian_n differ_v in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o battle_n howbeit_o they_o agree_v both_o about_o the_o form_n which_o may_v here_o appear_v by_o aelian_n who_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n v_n neither_o can_v there_o a_o better_a resemblance_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o letter_n v_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o top_n close_o in_o the_o bottom_n so_o do_v this_o form_n of_o battle_n of_o two_o side_n which_o in_o front_n be_v void_a open_a and_o dissever_v in_o the_o rear_n join_v and_o close_v fast_o together_o if_o you_o will_v therefore_o frame_v this_o battle_n you_o must_v first_o make_v a_o square_a the_o fileleader_n be_v all_o in_o front_n then_o must_v you_o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o your_o fileleader_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n last_o you_o be_v to_o open_v the_o front_n of_o your_o battle_n leave_v half_o the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o flank_n and_o half_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o keep_v the_o rear_n close_o knit_v together_o and_o for_o the_o open_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o will_v receive_v into_o the_o void_a space_n the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n which_o be_v once_o let_v in_o the_o inward_a two_o flank_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o the_o fileleader_n be_v aught_o to_o face_n to_o both_o hand_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o outward_a flank_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n and_o so_o circumvent_v they_o 7._o furthermore_o a_o triphalange_n a_o triphalange_n in_o this_o place_n of_o aelian_n be_v when_o a_o square_a body_n or_o phalange_n be_v from_o front_n to_o rear_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n the_o triphalange_n have_v as_o much_o advantage_n against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la as_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v against_o the_o right_a induction_n the_o caelembolos_fw-la compel_v the_o right_a induction_n to_o fight_v with_o the_o worst_a man_n and_o avoid_v the_o affront_n of_o the_o fileleader_n which_o be_v the_o best_a the_o triphalange_n have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n oppose_v two_o several_a front_n against_o the_o two_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la where_o there_o be_v no_o fileleader_n for_o they_o be_v always_o dispose_v for_o the_o inside_n and_o both_o avoid_v the_o advantage_n the_o caelembolos_fw-la seek_v and_o make_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la fight_n with_o the_o worst_a man_n in_o as_o much_o as_o one_o of_o the_o phalanges_fw-la charge_v the_o front_n of_o one_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la the_o fileleader_n whereof_o be_v in_o flank_n within_o the_o hollowness_n the_o other_o charge_v the_o other_o now_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n beside_o that_o it_o spare_v reserve_v for_o all_o occasion_n by_o off-holding_a the_o three_o phalange_n if_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v beat_v by_o the_o two_o oppose_a phalanges_fw-la all_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o win_v the_o field_n no_o other_o force_n be_v to_o second_v it_o where_o notwithstanding_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v get_v the_o better_a may_v be_v curb_v and_o the_o victory_n arrest_v by_o this_o reserve_v and_o by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o other_o two_o phalanges_fw-la break_v word_n of_o direction_n in_o the_o right_a induction_n 1_o the_o right-corner_n xenagy_n march_v out_o so_o be_v it_o of_o all_o other_o body_n if_o they_o begin_v the_o march_n 2_o the_o rest_n follow_v in_o xenagies_n direction_n for_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 1._o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o body_n so_o shall_v the_o file-leader_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o two_o middlemost_a leader_n must_v be_v centor_n for_o the_o other_o to_o wheel_v about_o 2._o open_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n keep_v your_o rear_n close_o for_o the_o triphalange_n 1_o the_o two_o wing_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middle_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v 2_o match_n out_o to_o the_o distance_n require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 3_o stand_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n require_v 4_o face_n as_o you_o be_v 5_o advance_v and_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o 1_o parogoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o 2_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o 3_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right-hand_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a hand_n deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o 4_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a front_n according_a to_o the_o place_n or_o part_v it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v 5_o make_v the_o length_n doubt_n to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o flank_n note_n 1_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n induction_n be_v speak_v of_o deduction_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o march_n for_o these_o be_v no_o cap._n 37._o a_o four_o front_a phalange_n against_o all_o allempte_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n the_o front_n of_o the_o leave_v flank_v the_o front_n of_o the_o narch_n other_o kind_n than_o induction_n and_o deduction_n the_o one_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n the_o other_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o flank_n neither_o do_v the_o greatness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o body_n make_v any_o difference_n herein_o be_v the_o body_n never_o so_o great_a as_o be_v the_o phalange_n or_o so_o small_a as_o one_o company_n yet_o must_v the_o fileleader_n either_o lead_n or_o else_o be_v in_o flank_n of_o the_o march_n the_o rear_n in_o necessity_n may_v well_o be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o bringer_n up_o deduction_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o many_o form_n of_o battle_n usual_a in_o march_n from_o it_o come_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la whereof_o we_o speak_v before_o from_o it_o be_v the_o antistomus_n the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o homoiostomus_n the_o heterostomus_fw-la of_o which_o hereafter_o 2_o when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n suidas_n have_v that_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o phalange_n march_v with_o the_o fileleader_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o the_o left_a it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n if_o on_o the_o right_n a_o right-hand_a deduction_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o a_o wing_n as_o aelian_n do_v for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o body_n may_v be_v such_o as_o have_v the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n all_o one_o as_o a_o xenagy_n which_o have_v sixteen_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n some_o body_n also_o as_o the_o taxi_n and_o tetrarchy_n have_v the_o depth_n less_o than_o the_o breadth_n the_o first_o hold_v sixteen_o in_o depth_n &_o no_o more_o than_o eight_o in_o breadth_n the_o last_o four_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o they_o march_v not_o in_o a_o wing_n but_o because_o march_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v undertake_v in_o a_o wing_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o aelian_n say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n the_o depth_n whereof_o manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n and_o they_o proceed_v 3._o not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o fileleader_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o flank_n after_o they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o to_o march_v proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o flank_n only_o face_v that_o way_n the_o march_n be_v intend_v and_o return_v not_o to_o lead_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o they_o do_v at_o first_o to_o lead_v by_o file_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n proceed_v and_o have_v their_o file_n follow_v at_o their_o back_n to_o lead_v by_o rank_n be_v when_o that_o which_o be_v the_o flank_n at_o first_o become_v the_o front_n and_o begin_v the_o march_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_o flanke-wise_a yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v change_v in_o the_o deduction_n
upon_o their_o own_o people_n other_o fall_v upon_o the_o macedonian_n who_o make_v large_a distance_n those_o which_o enter_v be_v partly_o overwhelm_v with_o dart_n partly_o pass_v queit_n through_o some_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o course_n and_o work_v mighty_o with_o their_o sharp_a scythe_n bring_v with_o they_o many_o and_o sundry_a kind_n of_o death_n for_o the_o force_n of_o their_o scythe_n have_v such_o power_n to_o destroy_v taht_v from_o many_o it_o cut_v off_o the_o arm_n and_o target_n and_o all_o the_o neck_n of_o not_o a_o few_o be_v carve_v head_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o eye_n yet_o see_v the_o countenance_n not_o alter_v of_o some_o the_o it_o tear_v out_o the_o side_n and_o put_v they_o to_o a_o speedy_a death_n hitherto_o of_o the_o history_n of_o diodorus_n but_o where_o he_o noteththe_v harm_n that_o come_v from_o the_o sythed_a chariot_n i_o take_v it_o they_o may_v have_v be_v avoid_v if_o the_o distance_n have_v be_v wide_o enough_o because_o i_o find_v in_o xenophon_n in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o artaxerxes_n and_o cyrus_n mention_v by_o i_o before_o that_o many_o of_o the_o chariot_n of_o the_o persian_n run_v through_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o grecian_n without_o hurt_n to_o any_o man_n to_o return_v then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o this_o form_n it_o have_v heretofore_o and_o may_v at_o this_o day_n be_v put_v in_o practice_n against_o horse_n and_o not_o only_o against_o horse_n order_v in_o a_o wedge_n but_o also_o give_v on_o in_o a_o square_a if_o it_o be_v so_o they_o charge_v by_o troop_n and_o the_o open_n be_v wide_o enough_o and_o sudden_a to_o receive_v the_o front_n of_o the_o horse_n for_o against_o a_o gross_a of_o horse_n they_o can_v have_v time_n to_o open_v wide_o enough_o and_o if_o they_o open_v too_o timely_a they_o leave_v liberty_n to_o the_o horse_n to_o charge_n either_o of_o the_o part_n open_v as_o themselves_o shall_v please_v and_o by_o divide_v themselves_o they_o diminish_v their_o own_o strength_n word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n 1_o wheel_n the_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v if_o the_o middlemost_a two_o fileleader_n stand_v firm_a &_o the_o rest_n with_o their_o file_n wheel_n till_o they_o meet_v and_o then_o stand_v they_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o when_o the_o horse_n charge_n open_v the_o midst_n sudden_o and_o face_v one_o against_o another_o charge_v your_o pike_n against_o the_o horse_n 2_o face_n to_o the_o front_n 3_o open_v your_o battle_n 4_o face_n to_o the_o midst_n 5_o charge_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n 1_o advance_v your_o pike_n 2_o close_a your_o battle_n 3_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n 4_o wheel_n the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n 5_o face_n as_o you_o be_v at_o first_o and_o stand_v of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la diphalange_n chap._n xxxxi_n the_o phalange_n of_o the_o diphalange_n peristomus_fw-la proceed_v by_o deduction_n in_o a_o wing_n the_o oblique_a deduction_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n have_v the_o fileleader_n without_o the_o left_a hand_n oblique_a deduction_n have_v the_o reare-comamnders_a within_o the_o figure_n show_v the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o fight_v so_o order_v for_o the_o battle_n go_v to_o charge_n have_v be_v at_o first_o tetragonall_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o oblique_a wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a of_o purpose_n to_o enclose_v the_o adverse_a square_a battle_n and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v enclose_v transform_v themselves_o into_o two_o march_v phalanges_fw-la direct_v one_o against_o the_o right_n the_o other_o against_o the_o left_a wing_n therefore_o be_v it_o call_v peristomus_fw-la as_o have_v the_o front_n bend_v against_o the_o enemy_n both_o way_n note_n 1_o about_o the_o inscription_n of_o this_o chapter_n also_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o interpreter_n some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o the_o 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caelembolos_fw-la reserve_v the_o three_o for_o all_o accident_n so_o this_o square_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o phalanges_fw-la but_o have_v no_o third_n set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o right-hand_a battle_n of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o other_o against_o the_o left_a for_o by_o this_o opposition_n they_o inhibit_v the_o enemy_n from_o attach_n their_o flank_n of_o this_o form_n i_o find_v not_o many_o precedent_n in_o the_o greek_a history_n i_o will_v receit_n only_o 609._o one_o out_o of_o arrian_n concern_v alexander_n which_o if_o it_o hit_v not_o this_o form_n in_o every_o point_n yet_o it_o have_v full_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o aelian_n alexander_n be_v to_o deliver_v battle_n to_o porus_n a_o king_n of_o part_n of_o india_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n hydaspes_n find_v his_o enemy_n army_n to_o be_v thus_o embattle_v he_o have_v place_v his_o elephant_n in_o the_o front_n 100_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o 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baggage_n be_v lose_v endeavour_v notwithstanding_o to_o renew_v the_o fight_n in_o hope_n by_o gain_v the_o victory_n not_o only_o to_o preserve_v his_o own_o baggage_n but_o also_o to_o possess_v that_o of_o the_o enemy_n but_o the_o macedonian_n refuse_v to_o strike_v stroke_n allege_v that_o their_o carriage_n be_v lose_v and_o their_o child_n and_o wife_n and_o many_o other_o body_n necessary_a be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o send_v privy_o ambassador_n to_o antigonus_n they_o seize_v upon_o eumenes_n and_o deliver_v he_o up_o into_o antigonus_n possession_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o importance_n of_o assure_v the_o carriage_n 2_o require_v a_o special_a commander_n that_o the_o baggage_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o special_a commander_n 1â—_n leo_n also_o affirm_v vegetius_n vigetius_n add_v a_o guard_n to_o the_o baggage_n and_o 15._o leo_n a_o proper_a ensign_n say_v to_o every_o regiment_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v allot_v a_o wagon_n master_n and_o a_o proper_a ensign_n as_o well_o to_o the_o horse_n as_o ox_n that_o they_o may_v be_v discern_v to_o their_o owner_n by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o ensign_n 3_o either_o before_o the_o army_n the_o first_o of_o the_o five_o way_n by_o which_o the_o baggage_n be_v convey_v in_o a_o march_n be_v to_o lead_v it_o before_o the_o army_n which_o manner_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n when_o the_o enemy_n pursue_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o if_o when_o the_o enemy_n follow_v the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v behind_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v mean_n to_o self_n upon_o and_o rifle_v it_o than_o you_o can_v have_v to_o wheel_v about_o your_o army_n to_o succour_v it_o for_o these_o five_o manner_n of_o convey_v the_o carriage_n leo_n agree_v with_o aelian_a in_o these_o word_n your_o carriage_n say_v he_o aught_o 19_o to_o have_v a_o special_a commander_n to_o order_n and_o govern_v it_o and_o he_o be_v to_o lead_v it_o either_o before_o the_o army_n if_o you_o disonarch_n out_o of_o the_o enemy_n 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