Saxonie to supply the Imperialists that were retiring after their defeat at Leitzen unto Boheme Notwithstanding of the advantage we had to prosecute the Enemy being divided by the River our Generall would not suffer to pursue them though Generall Major Ruthven with the whole Officers offered to doe good service The Generall fearing they might be brought to fight through despaire he would not permit to follow them but choosed rather to lose a golden opportunitie Within three dayes afterwards we marched towards Ausburg where we lay two moneths in open Feilds in the extremitie of cold without houses or buildings which undid the Army being idle without hostile imployment our Generalls giving time to our Enemies to gather strenth to beat us againe out of the Country which formerly we had subdued by his Majesties valour and good Conduct During this time I remained on my Muster place at Webling Cloister giving out patents to my Officers and money to recrue and strengthen their Companies But the enemy having taken-in the Passe and Towne of Landsberg which was given over upon accord by Colonell Hugh Hamilton who was prisoner and kept almost three yeares so the enemie getting the Passe unto Schwabland they marched towards Menning and from thence to Brandenburg on the Eler and chased mee over the Danube Being forced to quit a good Muster place we retired unto Ausburg having set the Danube betwixt us and the enemie where on our march unfortunately my horse fell on my leg and being six weekes under cure I continued still with the Armie on all occasions commanding on horse-back being unable to travell a foote The next day after our comming to Ausburg Generall Bannier did breake up with the Armie to march towards Vlme on the Danube there to joyne with the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne who was to come with a strong partie of horse foot and Artillerie from Elsas with whom was come Major Sidserfe and the whole Musketiers of Sir Iames Ramsey his Regiment who being valourous and expert old Soldiers they were commanded on all exploits of importance being conducted and led by a discret Cavalier their Major The enemie before our joyning with the Felt-marshall had taken in Landsberg Kaufbeyre Kempten and Menning where their Armie did lie while as we joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme Palsgrave Christian being directed to command the Armie on the Rhine Generall Bawtishen having left them voluntarily to goe for his wedding unto Denmark Generall Bannier being also sickly not yet fully cured of his hurt that he did get at Nurenberg he was directed to the Steifft Madeburg to collect new Forces there to joyne with the Duke of Lunenburg and the Saxon who all this time after his Majesties death were pursuing hard the Imperialists conjunctis viribus assisting the Duke of Wymar and the Swedens Armie At which time the Rex-chancellour Oxestern made offer after his Majesties death to the Duke of Saxon to be made and chosen Directour of the Armies who was neither willing to accept it himselfe nor yet willingly would condescend to be directed by any other so that their division did by timefully ruine the Armie and almost lost the good cause few or none looking to the weale of the publique but all pleasing their owne fancies suffering the enemie to take advantage every one looking to their particular commodities which did occasion the meeting at Hailbrun The fourty-one Observation AFter his Majesties departure unto Saxony our Briggad which formerly on all occasions followed his Majestie being often the Guard of his person as at his crossing the Rhine and at Miniken were left behind which then we thought very hard as if thereby we had beene lost which may be was the meanes of our safetie for as some flying from danger meet with death others doe finde protection in the very jawes of mischiefe and some others in their sleepe are cast into fortunes lap while as others for all their industrie cannot purchase one smile from her Wee see then that man is but meerely the ball of time being tost too and fro is governed by a power that must be obeyed and we know there is a providence ordering all things as it pleaseth him for which no man is able to finde or give a reason we must therefore beleeve St. Ierome saying Providentiâ Dei omnia gubernantur quae putatur poena medicina est In vaine then we murmur at the things that must be and in vaine we mourne for what we cannot remedie Therefore let this be our chiefe comfort that we are alwayes in the hands of a Royall Protectour what ever then befalls us we must be contented not strugling against power We see also there is nothing more dangerous for Commanders in warres then to be thought once by their fellowes Officers and Souldiers to be greedy of the evill of gaine which opinion once received by inferiours may mightily crosse the fortunes of their Leaders for when Officers and Souldiers conceive an evill opinion of their Leaders no eloquence is able to make them thinke well of them thereafter for a supreme Officer being once remarked to keepe the meanes of those that served them they are without doubt thereafter despised by their followers And therefore he is never worthy the name of a glorious Commander that doth not preferre the vertue of liberalitie before the love of perishing gold otherwise in his teeth he will be aswell despised by the common Soldiers as by his betters for a brave Commander ought never to make an Idol of the moneys which should satisfie Souldiers but he should rather looke unto that which may follow to wit his overthrow or at least his contempt Therefore I would advise Cavaliers that command and leade others to entertaine the affection of those that have served bravely and truly lest being unjustly disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Wee see also the emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable in striving who should force the enemy first unto a parlé where the diligence and valour of Major Sinclaire is praise-worthy who feared nothing but discredit where we see that the enticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour And we see all Arts and sciences are attained unto with diligent exercise So that it is not time or number of yeares that makes a brave Souldier but the continuall meditation of exercise and practise For Souldiers should be frequented in running not to runne away as some doe but on the contrary that with the greatest celerity they may prosecute their enemies taking time in overtaking their flying enemies and that they may the better releeve their friends for more come to be good Souldiers by use then by nature Here also I did see our Generall following Guischardin his counsell that wished to make a silver bridge to let passe our enemies but if the enemy on his retreat would grow carelesse and amuse himselfe once on booty then it were a fit time to medle with him being loaden
set to it and for getting this good of intelligence the chiefe Officers would be liberall to those whom they put in trust seeing without it little good service can be effected and the getting of it is the safety of many Cavaliers and their credits Therefore whether he be defender or pursuer intelligence gives him a kinde of assurance in all his actions and the losse or neglect of it hath robbed many a brave Commander of their fame and credit being surprized through over sight as Gustavus Horne was at Bambricke It was also the losse of Hano and Philipsburg Intelligence then being of such moment it should make Generalls and all Commanders under them according to their qualities and charge to be open handed otherwise it is impossible to subsist long not being surprised Of Recognoscing HAving intelligence of our enemies strength how he lies whether in Quarter Garrison Field or Leaguer then having an exployt to goe on we must recognosce on horse or foote according to the exployt we have before us As if we were to blocke up a Towne with a part of an Armie we must first being accompanied with a few Horsemen recognosce the bounds riding the Circuit short or long from it fore-seeing how to divide our number on the Passes Avenues from or towards the Towne to stop out-fallings or in commings in ordering such Workes and Skonces to be made on the passages as may put us in safetie as well against out-fallings as against their pretended Reliefes to come and our watches one from another must keepe due correspondence by their Centries that none can passe betwixt them without advertising one anothers guard Next being to beleaguer a Towne neere hand we ought to recognosce also neerer having first placed our Armie foote and horse Battell without reach of their Cannon though in their view having first directed our parties of horse to batter the streets without us then the Commander is to ride the circuit of the Towne within shot as neere as he can having another riding at a distance behinde him and having a Boore beside him resolving him of all Questions concerning their Ports their Graffes their Bulworkes where weakest and where the Graffe is shallowest which being knowne he disposeth the Armie on severall Posts where againe the Commanders are to recognosce neerer the walls where they can best lodge their greatest bodie in most safetie where to place their Guard before them and where their Centries as also where to place their Batteries and where to beginne their Approaches which being done they are thought the best fellowes that shew most diligence and least losse to come to the walles the same circumstances are to be observed by any Commander who leads a partie before a Strength or Castle to blocke it or beleaguer it having Cannon Pittards and fire-workes with sufficient men and furniture belonging to the Artillerie that can discharge their duties as they are directed by the Commander of the partie who must see to all things himselfe that it be well done as in speciall to the placing of his Batteries and in ordering all things to be brought to the Batteries that are needfull by the Souldiers commanded out to attend the workes beside the guard of the Cannon and of the workemen he must also be very vigilant in visiting the Approaches Batteries and Guards admonishing them to be carefull against out-falls on the Trenches Batteries or Guards giving orders to the Captaine of the Watches to receive the enemie falling out with a strong bodie of Pikes and Muskets closse together to beate them backe being received with Pikes charged bravely flancked and lined with shot which being done to advance their workes againe night and day till the enemy be forced to Accord In the night also a sufficient Sergeant being seconded by another stout fellow should creepe to the Graffe with two halfe-Pikes for to wade through to know the shallowest parts being helpt thereto by some knowne Boore who might give certaintie of the enemies strength within and of their defects they have of victualls Amunition fire or water As also to know their private sorting-Ports to watch their out-commings he ought also to learne what draw-bridges are within and what Portcullis and what store of victualls or Amunition is to be had within in case the Strength be pregnable that he may the better make his Accord Also he ought to learne what Artillery or Armes are within and what Caducks or what number of Horses pertaining to the enemie and what other riches they have and where kept or if otherwise the Towne be not taken by Accord or strength of hand we must strive to force it to yeeld by hunger or by lacke of fire or water or otherwise by throwing Artificiall fire amongst them with Cannon or with other fiery Engins fiering their houses or spoyling their Watches on their Posts or Guards as also we must deale by fraud to convey private Letters unto them for deboysing the Inhabitants to resist the Garrison in making either Port or Post good while as the pursuer intends to fall on on storme or breach Likewise the pursuer had neede to dispose well of his owne watches without that he be not surprized his hooffe-watch particular watches reserves or by-watches are to be still in readinesse to attend the enemies out-falling lest he may cut off his Guards or spoyle his Cannon by nayling of them or by burning their Carriages or Amunition being disgracefull in the highest manner as oft-times hath hapned to unprovident and sluggish Commanders who have unwisely despised their enemies An enemy being in the Field either with a strong partie or Armie a sufficient Commander must be carefull in recognoscing the Field about him for taking his advantage of the ground in advancing to an enemie as also in spying his advantage in case he be put to a Retreat that he may the better retire in order not being put to rout as our Armie was at Nerling which never hapned unto them before during the time I served the Sweden As also being in the Field he ought to observe where most conveniently he can plant his Ordnance as Generall Tillie did at Leipsigh and as the Emperialists did on the Hill at Nurenberg as also at Nerling For Ordnance being planted with advantage is oft-times the winning of the Field and the losse of Artillery is ever reputed and holden for a defeate although both foote and horse be preserved There is also advantage of ground very requisit to be taken by foote against foote as the advantage of hights passages woods hedges ditches as also the advantage of Sunne and Winde with you and against your enemie which his Majestie of worthy memory did strive to get at Leipsigh against the Emperialists Likewise it is a great advantage of ground when one of both the Armies is brought to that inconvenience that they cannot come to fight but the one Armie may be forced to come up but by Divisions while as
without suspition within shot of Cannon But when either Trumpeter or Drummer is sent with letters or message to prisoners he ought before he come neere the Guards sound his Trumpet or beate his Drumme giving advertisment to the Guards before he enter within their outward Centries otherwise he is lyable to the highest punishment but having law fully aduertised the Guard an Officer by command of the Captaine of the watch with a Convoy of Musketiers ought to meete him and having enquired for his commission and passe and seene his open letters having search't him for private letters and finding none then he ought to sile or blinde him up and convay him blinded unto the chiefe Commander who receives his letters reades and delivers them and then after he being siled up againe he is convaied unto the Gavilliger where he is kept till he be ready and suffered to depart againe with open Letters being convayed out as he came in and no Prisoner ought to deliver any letters though open to any man till first he acquaint his Guard who ought to impart it to the Commander of the pâ—ce and it is ordinary to Governours or Commanders to whom Trumpeters or Drummers doe come having received their answer being brought siled from the Gavilligers unto their lodging first to talke merrily with them and then to cause attenders drinke to them till they be merrry and then being siled againe they are convayed without the whole Contries having their passe they are free to returne Prisoners having agreed for their Ransomes or being exchanged out for others they ought not be suffered to depart without getting first the Generalls passe and then he may goe with a Trumpeter or without one to the next friendly Garrison For quartering an Army in field upon March Dorpe Towne or Leaguer An Observation A Commander ought not be ignorant of the circumstances belonging to the quartering of an Army therefore for the better Information of the younger sort who have not seene such Marches as I have bin at with his Majesty of worthy memory who quartered his Army Summer or Winter according as the occasion or neerenesse of his enemy did offer where many times the whole winters night the Army horse foote and Artillery being without fire did stand in battaile order by their Armes in the fields having placed their Artillery apart with a guard to attend them their baggage also being behinde them apart and well guarded and a maine guard being commanded out apart before the Army of horse and foote And the Armies being neere one another all Officers were commanded to abide on their severall charges as they were commanded on the March to leade Briggads Troopes or Divisions The commanded men being also apart next unto the enemy with their Officers by them which all being orderly quartered in this first manner they entertained one another with such dainties as the time afforded passing the night with variety of merry jests and discourses till day that either Drumme or Trumpet did invite them unto earnest The second forme of our quartering was in the fields not being neere an enemy where we quartered a little more commodiously for our ease being commonly drawne up by foure or five of the clocke in the afternoone neere some Towne or Village in some faire meadow by water if it could be had in the Summer and in the Winter being quartered we drew neere the side of some wood both for fire and for build or shelter The Army drew up in battaile by Briggads as they marched where behinde the place the Briggads drew up unto at a reasonable distance their quarters were marked out severally according as they stood in battaile and before the Briggads removed from their Armes their guards were first commanded out every Briggads guard being placed at a distance of foure score paces from their Colours where they were appointed to watch and the watch being set Centries were put to the Colours and then the Pike-men were ordained to six their Pikes fast in the ground as they stood in battaile the Musketiers also were ordained in dry wether to set up their Muskets in order in even front with their Colours but when it rained they were commanded to keepe them carefully dry by themselves which all orderly done they were suffered part and part to goe and provide themselves of straw and fire providing also many times well for their Officers Kitchins beside The Artillery and Amunition waggons being also drawne up a part and well guarded their horses were sent to grasse for good quarters then the Baggage and wagons as they came up did draw up orderly behinde their owne Regiments and their horses being sent to grasse the Officers Tents were set up orderly at a distance before their Colours and then cookes went to dresse meate and all being returned to quarters before supper the whole Drummes of the Army did beate before their severall Briggads inviting all to publique prayers which were never forgotten And after prayers the Majors of the Regiments did give out orders for that night to the Sergeants and for up-breaking the next morning and then all went to meate first and next to rest and the whole horsmen were drawne up in this fashion and parties were sent out of their quarters to batter the streets two or three mile off the whole night lest we should be surprised by an enemy without intelligence The next morning Drummes having called all to Armes the Briggad that had the Van marched out first in a new ground and drew up the Briggad that had the Van the day before marched out drawing up on their left hand having fallen backe one degree from the Van and then the rest of the Briggads drew out orderly one after another till the left hand of the foote Army were closed up and then they went to prayers and the prayers ended they marched the Baggage marching after being drawne up in order as the Briggads or Regiments did march so did they The Artillery marched with the Briggads in part and the rest marched before the Army with their Convoyes and guard of Musketiers which were changed every two dayes being commanded men out of all Regiments proportionally having Officers commanded them accordingly Thus much of quartering in the fields The third manner of quartering an enemy being a farre off and we neere Townes onely in cold weather quarterings were given for the Hoffestaffe being the King or Generall and their followers and the principall Officers of the Army including his Majesties houshold whose quarters were first appointed by the generall quarter-master in the Townes and next to the Hoffe-staffe the Colonells that commanded Briggads were quartered and next to them the Colonells of Regiments their Officers and Souldiers agreat part and the best of the quarters ordained for the Officers belonging to the Artillery their horses and servants The Artillery and baggage standing without the Towne those who quartered within the Towne had allowance of free meate and drinke
humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our March from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue out march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our fore-troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong to a head in Luniburgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence lest his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence and Conschaift of his enemie lest unawares he should be surprised Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters he should take notice of all complaints and do justice accordingly And he should have a speciall care of the sicke either to transport them or to foresee for their good usage in case necessitie or weakenesse force him to leave them behind He ought also to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way
that may be hindersome unto his march that timely he might provide a remedie His Guide should also know how far to go that when he comes his length he may timely provide for another He ought also to learne the best way for his Baggage and Ammunition to march on and in case of suspected danger he ought to ordaine a guard of Musketiers with a sufficient Officer to command for their convoy and if it be such way as that on occasion his Ammunition cannot be steadable unto him in such a case he must not part from his Ammunition waggons but rather to keepe one way though it should be far about He ought never for pastime or pleasure on a suspected march neere an enemy to go from the sight of his Troopes for feare he should be absent in greatest neede or that some misfortune might happen betweene those he commands himselfe or against others incurring in their wayes If occasion of service offer he must never be dejected but to encourage ever his owne most in the greatest extreamity shewing testimonies of his inward valour and setlednesse of minde by his by-past experience testifying he is no Novice not taking counsell of others when he is with resolution to rancounter a brave enemy He must be of judgment to consider on the sudden his enemies designe and timely he ought to oppose his enemy either with few or with many as he finds his best advantage And if his enemy be too far stronger than he he must timely resolve how to make a safe retreat being forced thereto Preserving his souldiers to a fitter opportunitie for once far ingaged the retreat will be the more difficult to make without great losse He ought alwayes to keepe a good reserve of fresh brave resolute fellowes to keepe faces on their enemies while as others should be forced to turne backe on them at such times and in such occasions the resolution the courage and the judgment of a valourous Commander is best knowne for many can advance rashly that have never the wit or judgment to retire bravely as is ordinarily seene in many such Commanders more stout than wise But lest I should enter too far to this purpose in this observation for feare to be blamed my selfe for not retiring in time it being a large field I entred in let this suffice for this march of the Leaders duty Now to retire being quartered a mile from Lovenburgh in a Dorpe where the Boore for feare quit his lodging so that for want of provision we were forced to send our Suttler called Iohn Matheson towards Lovenburgh in his absence our Boyes made use of his rugge to cover their faces in drowning of Bee-hives the rugge being rough did lodge a number of the Bees which when the Boyes had drowned the Bee hives they threw away The Suttler comming late home we being a bed went to rest and putting off his cloathes drew his rugge to cover him but as soone as the Bees found the warmenesse of his skinne they began to punish him for his long stay That he was forced roaring like a mad man to rise and throw off his rugge not knowing though well he felt the smart of his sudden enemies we called to him asking if he was mad he made no answer but still cried the Divell had bewitch'd him in piercing him in a thousand parts still rubbing and scratching crying with paine not knowing the reason till a candle was lighted and seeing the Bees threw his rugge in a draw-well The gentle reader may judge whether or not he was punished for his long stay Thus Seria mista jocis The fourth dutie discharged of our march from Beysenburgh to Rapine in the Marke and of the storming of Beysenburgh Skonce HAving rested here three dayes on the fields till our Colonell came from Hamburgh with a monethes meanes to the Regiment our monies paid we got orders for a new march towards Rapine in the Marke where the old Markegrave fon Turlaugh lay at Haggelberge with a part of his Majesties Army and the enemie lay against him on the other side of the Haggell our orders were to divide our Regiment againe and to leave Major Dumbarre with foure companies to beset Beysenburgh Skonce the enemies army being then within five miles of it ten thousand strong of foote besides Horse The other seaven companies were ordained to march with the Colonell and Lievetenant colonell towards Rapine as said is we severed not without teares both of Officers and souldiers But he that serves a master must obey The first night our Camerades accompanied us to our quarters The next morning our march continuing newes overtakes us the enemy is set downe before Beysenburgh Skonce In the relation of the service I must be succinct being loath having not seene the service to set any thing in Record but what I know to be truth neither can I be particular in the declaration of this service done by our countrimen though it be generally well spoken of over all Germany yet I must say somewhat and if my Report diminish from their credit I protest it is not for lacke of love but for want of information The enemy hearing we were marched and having gotten true intelligence how strong they lay in the Skonce he marched ten thousand strong and lay downe within a cannon shot of the Skonce and having begun his lines of approach The first night the Major made an out-fall where having bravely showen their courage and resolution returned againe without great losse The enemy longing to be repared of this their bravade resolved to storme the Skonce at all quarters but finding resolution joyned with valour against him after long fighting in vaine he is beate off from the walles and forced to retire at that time with the losse of five hundred men at least But having redoubled his forces the next time sets on with greater fury than before but is beate off the second time also with losse the third time he adventured and as was reported the Scots defenders as is well knowne behaved themselves so well that the enemy storming the walles the defenders for want of powder threw sand in their enemies eyes knocking them downe with the Butts of muskets having beene divers times Pell mel through others at last the enemy is forced to retire without effectuating any thing Yet gentle Reader thinke that at such play the losse was not onely of one side but of both for in defence of this Skonce being so oft stormed that ever praise-worthy Captaine Learmond Brother to my Lord Balcomy being twice shot with a musket received deaths wound and after died at Hamburgh in perfect memory discharging his duety Christianly to God as he did during his life time both to God and man For his sake and in remembrance of his worth and valour the whole Officers of the Regiment did weare a black mourning Ribben in this conflict also was killed his Lievtenant called David Martin an old stout and expert
time we provided the Island with Corne and Cattle taken off the Country about sufficiently to have entertained us the whole Winter in necessitie In this Leager we had abundance of flesh and of drinke but we were slightly provided of bread and salt where a Souldier had but one pound of bread allowed him in ten dayes if that he tooke it not off the field Our Scottish High-land men called this Leager the flesh Leager and justly for the Souldiers were so cloyed with flesh that Oxen flesh was let lie on the ground the Hides taken off by the Souldiers and sold for a Can of Beere a Hide the whole body left on the place untouched and at last the Souldiers weary of Mutton also eating onely the heads and feet being boyld with Wheat brought off the fields In all this necessitie the Towne of Wismere did prove very discourteous unto us in not suffering to help us with any thing they might spare for our money but rather through their pride abused our Officers and servants that entred their Towne to buy necessaries The fift Observation HEre we have represented unto us the mutability of humane estates and especially of warres the whe ele turning we that looked to go forwards were forced to retire humane affaires being opposed as a marke to all the shots of discontentment so that we ought not to rejoyce too much in a calme or prove faint hearted in a storme We reade of a Roman Captaine who did tremble being victorious as being uncertaine how long his good fortune might continue And the Romans as Scipio tould the Ambassadors of Antiochus were not puft up by victory nor cast downe by losse And Augustine said this life of ours was doubtfull blind miserable made of a floud of humors ebbing and flowing Notwitstanding whereof it is the duety of a wise Commander to make use of the time by diligent fore-sight and wise deliberation to save himselfe and others so long as he may and not to be dejected at every buffet unconstant fortune doth give him As this old Generall his resolution at this time having an enemy before him was good the enemy coming also behinde him tooke his march betwixt both and did come fortunately to his wished forecast putting himselfe and his Army in assurance This old Generall was of good experience but not fortunate neither were they fortunate whom he served though of invincible courage and of great understanding in warres for to give his Majesty of Denmarke his due no man breathing I thinke carries a stouter heart then he doth Yet I have seene his Majestie far dejected in spirit through great losse and no wonder as you shall heare more particularly set downe in the seventh observation In this Retreat we were not voide of feare but suspecting the worst every man bethinking himselfe of his best safety to eschew an apparēt overthrow a thing at all times most dangerous in an Army Our Horsemen being afraid of a retreat by water and consequently the losse of their Horses for want of shipping and which was more they feared the losse of their goods and their owne imprisonment but it was in vaine they should torment themselves before hand for things without their powers to eschew But they ought rather to have made use of the present and to have foreseene the future so far as lay in them resolving patiently against all crosses and to referre the event to God Here also I did observe the inconvenience that comes to souldiers through eating much flesh without salt or bread which did bring diseases in the Leager so that many died of pestilence and flux but of our Nation fewest for to speake truth I never did see more durable men against all Toyle travell and tediousnesse than they were Likewise I did observe first here that the Townes of Germanie are best friends ever to the masters of the field H. F. obs in flattering the victorious and in persecuting of the loser which is ever well seene in all estates When we are happie in the spring-tide of abundance and in the rising floud of plenty then the world would be our servants but when these pleasant waters fall to ebbing then men looke upon us at a distance Wherefore adversity is like Penelopes night which undoes all that ever the day did weave And our misery is so that we can never trie a friend but in the kieke of malignant chance so I confesse he is happy that finds a true friend but he is happier that findeth not extremitie to trie him The sixt duety discharged of our expedition by Water from Wismer to Heligenhoven and of our service at Oldenburgh HAving remained five weekes in this Leager during which time preparation was making for the transportation of the Army unto Holsten seeing the Emperors forces come from Silesia and Tillies Army were joyned very strong which barr'd our passage from comming into Holsten by land which made us ship our Army for going unto Heligenhoven and from thence to the passe of Oldenburgh in Holsten of intention to ly secured there till the rest of his Majesties forces might joyne with us The Army then consisted of eight thousand Foote and Horse besides those that were left behinde on the Iland under the command of Generall Major Slamersdorse Having all safely landed at Heligenhoven we marched towards the passe of Oldenburgh where arrived before night our Leager was drawne out into the most convenient part for maintaining of the passe where the first night we begin to worke in the Trenches and continue working the whole night and the next day till noone that the enemy was seene marching towards the passe in full Battalions of Horse and foote which before three of the clocke had planted Batteries to play with Cannon on our Leager and to force a passage over the passe which our Generall perceiving gave orders to double the Guards both of Horse and foote As also strongly to Barricade the passe and to cast up in the night a redout before the passe the night drawing on being darke silence was over all on both sides of the passe But the day cleering the Guardes on both sides begin the skirmish the Cannons on both sides begin to discharge the Horse Guards charge one another till ours were forced to give ground the foote Guards beginning to fight the reliefes were commanded on both sides to second their owne the service growing hot and the passe in danger of losing My Colonell in all haste was commanded to march with the halfe of his Regiment to maintaine the passe The Colonell commanded me to have the men in readinesse and to distribute Ammunition amongst the Souldiers which done the Colonell leading on marches towards the passe under mercy of Cannon and musket the Generall meeting us bids aske the souldiers if they went on with courage they shouting for joy cast up their hats rejoycing in their march seeming glad of the occasion The Generall commending their courage and resolution doth blesse
some horses in it where we set our Colours and making that ship launch off a little from the shore for feare of being aground having mann'd the ship-boat with an Officer and some musketiers we sent to force other ships out of the Roade to launch in and serve us untill such time as the most part of our Regiment were shipped except some Villaines who were gone a plundering in the Towne but not knowing the danger they were in they stayed all night from us and were taken by the enemy the next morning Thus having shipped our men we were forced to quit our Horses and baggage the Officers that were most diligent as Captaine Monro and my brother Obstell were busied the whole night ferrying souldiers from the shoare especially the sicke and wounded who were not able to helpe themselves In the morning I shipped three boatefulls of wounded and sicke men till at the last I was beaten from the shoare by the enemies horsemen And my Colonells ship being under saile layd up to the winde attending my comming with the last fraught and then we followed the Route of the fleete seeing the enemies Army drawne up in battell horse foote and Cannon and our Army of Foote and horse opposite unto them where I did see six and thirty Cornets of horse being full troupes without loosing of one Pistoll give themselves prisoners in the enemies mercy whereof the most part tooke service As also I did see above five Regiments of foote being forty Colours follow their examples rendring themselves and their colours without loosing of one musket Iudge then judicious reader though we were sorrie for the losse of our Army if we were glad of our owne safeties I thinke we were and praised be God with no discredit to us or our Nation for none can be blamed that doth what he is commanded thus following our course the third morning we arrived before Flinesborrie where our Randezvouz was appointed and having sent a shoare for some victualls whereof we stood in great neede no man was blamed to provide for himselfe at such time when the whole Country was to be left to our enemies mercy His Majesty being there after hearing the certainty of his great losse resolved to secure Denmark having lost Holsten Yewiland we got orders with expedition all of us to ship and to hold forth our course unto Assens in Denmark where his Majesty promised to meete us to dispose further of us for his Majesties service and we making saile follow our course and orders At our parting the Rhinegrave with his Regiment did come thither the enemy at his heeles and he at spurres following the King till he had gotten the passe made good betwixt Holsten and Yewtland and his Majestie once safely arrived in Denmark the Rhinegrave quitting Yewtland unto the enemy follows the King unto Denmark We landed at Assens of our Regiment eight hundred Souldiers besides one hundred and fifty wounded and sicke men and being put in good quarters we rest us leaving the enemy to rest in the fat land of Holsten and Yewtland having a good broad and deepe fossey betwixt us we were by Gods mercy secured The seventh Observation HEre we see that the losse of a day is the losse of a great part of his Majesties Kingdome for the losse of his Armie was the losse of Holsten and Yewtland so that here below we have no assured estate from the King to the Clowne whereof we have frequent examples in Histories which should make none of all estates to glory too much either in their peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did for though now thou be in peace and securitie as they were before this day thou oughtst to looke unto thy selfe and to prevent the worst better than they did Therefore to discharge a part of my dutie to my Country-men and friends I minde here somewhat to touch the misery of man through the inconstancy of humane affaires Isidore writes that it was the custome at Constantinople in the dayes of the Emperours Coronation while as he sate in his Throne a Mason came to him presenting stones that he might choose which he would to make his Tombe of thereby putting him in minde of the inconstancy of humane fragilitie We reade also of a simple Citizen in Italy that became one of the most powerfull men in Italy and coming to the dignitie of a Prince being thirtie yeares without interruption in great prosperitie tranquillitie and peace yea ever in the most dangerous time of warre and his Children raised to high honours and dignities this man thinking himselfe to be above the winde a whirle-winde of warres unlooked for came on him and his from Florence that he with his wife and children were taken prisoners and sent to Millane his goods consiscated he was shut up in close prison and died miserably the Venetians appropriating unto themselves all his money he had in Bancke We reade also of one Francis Force that through his heaping up of wealth came to be made Duke of Millane and after that intitled himselfe to be the Sonne of Fortune and the Oracle of the Princes of Italie being many yeares in prosperitie was afterwards chased from his goods as the Holsteners were then but having recovered his lands and goods againe he grew so insolent and proud of his prosperitie that at last he was taken prisoner and was kept till death in prison mockt of the whole world for his pride and greedinesse The same Author Guicchardine in his seventh Booke in the 157 doth record of the Bentioles chased out of Bullon where they long were in peace the subjects of Millane being forbidden to receive them the chiefest of them died of griefe having never before tasted the Cup of adversitie And so became of sundry in Denmark that for feare did send away their goods by shipping unto the Craggs of Norway to be kept there whereof some were lost by Sea and the owners afterward died of griefe not having the courage to undergoe patiently their Crosse The Lord of his mercie preserve my Countrey and Friends from the like Visitation Let no man therefore flatter himselfe with prosperitie riches or honour as Agapetus adviseth us in his Politique Aphorismes All are borne alike come of dust our glory then should be of vertue and not in riches prosperitie or honours for we should esteeme of nothing so much as of Gods judgements praying his Majestie continually to divert them from us esteeming more of our soules than of deceivable riches whereof the possession is uncertaine as was seene at this time both in Holsten and Yewtland their riches went faster away than they came and though they could have enjoyed them yet at last they were forced to leave them to others Since therefore we can carry nothing with us but our good name let us be ever carefull of that discharging so farre as we may with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of
continuing three dayes was never appeased till at night the third day Arius Silvius and Alvare of Caster gentlemen and chiefe of the Iustices came with men of warre in Armes to Lisbone and appeased the 〈◊〉 The Kings Majesty hearing the newes of this horrible sedition being much grieved did presently send unto Lisbone two of the chiefest of the Court to wit Iackes Allmod and Iackes Lopes with full power to punish the Malefactors of such cruelty where publiquely there was executed a great number of the seditious popular and the Priests that moved them to the sedition were first put off their charge then hanged then burnt the Iudges and Magistrates that were sloathfull to suppresse that popular rage and fury were some deprived of their estates and condemned to great pennance and the Towne it selfe was deprived of their priviledges and honours I pray God to keepe my country from the like Who pleaseth to reade the story it is much worth and of great observance for any good Christian Another notable story of the like we have in the beginning of the Reigne of Charles the fift successor to Ferdinand King of Spaine and Sicil in whom did faile the race of the Kings of Aragon the people being moved by a Monke continued long in seditions one after another till God did remove it at last and since they lived peaceable To conclude then this point it is a vaine thing to be a follower of the popular sort for none is the better for their praise nor the worse for their blame And therefore Plutarch said well that one man could not be master and servant of the people otherwise perforce it behooveth him to fall into inconveniencie as we reade in the fable written of the serpent the taile whereof came one day to quarrell the head saying he would goe his day about foremost and not goe alwayes behinde which being granted unto him by the head he found it worst himselfe not knowing how or where to goe and became the cause that the head was all spoyl'd and rent being compelled against nature to follow a part without sight or hearing to leade it The same we have seene happen unto those who in the Government of the publique would do all things to please the multitude and being once tied to that yoake of slavery in all things to will and agree with the common and lower sort that oftimes are rashly moved and without reason howsoever they cannot thereafter come off and retire hinder or stay the fury and rashnesse of the people And therefore the great servant of God Moses did properly comprehend in the blessings promised unto the Israelites their obedience to Gods lawes that the Lord might establisâ— them in the first ranke a head in briefe that they should be as Masters an t should not be subject Reade Deut. 28. The twelfth Dutie discharged of our expedition by water to Aickilfourd in Holsten and of the intaking of it THe eleaventh of Aprill 1628 we got orders to ship againe and being shipped we sayl'd along the coast of Holsten till we arrived before Aickilfourd where lay a Garrison of the Emperialists being five hundred strong halfe Dragoniers and halfe foote souldiers having anchored while we were providing for our landing the Towne being no strength the Dragoniers marched away leaving the Captaine of foote to defeâ—â— the place who had a Skonce without the Towne with a running line from the Skonce to the Port of the Towne and thinking us to be but a weake flying party that durst not remaine long on the land seeing the enemy lay strong of horse and foote neere by he resolved as his best to defend the Skonce without whereunto he drew his strength his Majesty commanded us to land our forces and to storme the Skonce he staying a shipboard looking 〈◊〉 us we land in all haste being allmost two thousand foote of severall Nations English Scots Dutch and French all about equall strongth we threw dice for the Avangard who should fall on first concluding those threw most should have the leading and so successively to second one another having throwne sixes the honour of the Avangarde or leading fell on me and mine the English falling next unto us having put our selves in order and dealt out Amunition recommending the successe to the Lord by our preacher Mr. William Forbesse companion of our dangers and having directed Ensigne Allane to recognosse or spie the best advantage being retired I commanded Captaine Lievetenant Carre with fifty musketiers to a broken house that flancked on the Skonce giving him orders to give fire from thence on their backs as we marched to them in front and in case of their retreate to the Towne to cut off their passage or at least to march in with them Thus done I gave charge to my musketiers that no man should give fire till I commanded but to follow their Leaders still in good order The ground we were to advance on to the Skonce was plaine as pavement the Skonce not being high our resolution was to storme without giving fire and as we advanced those of the Skonce did give three severall salvees of musket thundring amongst us whereof some felt the smart and Captaine Mac-kenyee was favourably shot in the legge and I more favourably in the hilt of my sword which afterwards I gave to Mac-kenyee The most hurt was done to the English marching after us led then by Captaine Chamberlaine a worthy and a valorous gentleman In this time we were advanceing our musketiers commanded by Carre giving fire on their flancks wany were hurt and the Captaine shot in the Arme seeing us give no fire but marching hard to storme he quit the Skonce and retired to the Towne and enters the Port before us shutting us out and leaving a few hurt men behind him we brake downe the Stacket and the Towne not walled we entred the broade side and follow the enemy to the market-place thinking he would fight us there But he retired into the Church and shutting the doores defends the Church shooting out he did us great hurt our Souldiers not having forgotten their cruelty used at Bredenberg resolved to give no quarters and with a huge great ladder and the force of men we ran-forced the doore and entred I thinking to get the Officers prisoners entred withall but could not finde them incontinent perceiving a great quantity of powder spread a thwart the Church fearing the blowing up of the powder I commanded every man upon paine of death to retire the word not well spoken the powder blew up blowing the top of the Church above a hundred were killed and a number burnt pitifully and I with Lievetenant David Monro standing behinde me was also pittifully burnt the blast past Captaine Chamberlaine entring findes the Officers and gives them quarters as his prisoners of the souldiers few or none of two hundred and fifty escaped The Towne was plundered and his Majesty fearing the coming of the enemies Horsemen before
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Testimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinbawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of with my Folks to beset it being sent for in the night to breake up and to march thither in all haste I had command to speake with Kniphowsen in my going for receiving further Orders The Companies marched by I following my Orders desired to know what the Generall Major had to command me who gave me Orders in writing I should march thither and in case the enemy should pursue me I should fight to the last man and not to give over the Castle though I should be forced to quit the Towne Receiving Orders for some Ammunition I tooke leave of Kniphowsen and continued my march to Shevelbean then layd almost waste with Pestilence the Inhabitants being fled away I had slight quarters for my Soldiers which being quartered having visited the Towne and Castle I appointed the manner of our Watch and did beset the Poastes from our Guards which were kept both in the Towne and on the Castle and then I sent Orders to the Boores of the Graveshaft to come in the next day with Spades Shovels and Axes for to repaire the workes that were almost ruined being a scurvie hole for any honest Cavalier to maintaine his credit by Before my comming two Troopes of Bawtees Horsemen viz. Major Roustene and Long-fretts were quattered there who getting intelligence the Army was to march upon me being Horsemen quit the Garrison to our selves and took them to the Fields to joyne with their Colonels Regiment being neere hand so that our Quarters thus enlarged we were glad to be rid of their trouble as they were to eschew the Enemies comming serving better in the Fields then they could doe within Walles The Horsemen gone I was evill sped for being put on such a place with such orders appointed to fight to the last man where no Cavalier with credit could hold out twenty foure houres being pursued by an Army except the Lord extraordinarily would shew mercy Neverthelesse getting three dayes longer continuation before the enemies comming we did worke all of us night and day till we had Stacketed the Wall about the height of a man above the Parapet having made a breast-worke of earth within the Walles round about with Traverses within for cleering out the Enemy if he had entered at a breach our Work ended and our Ports Ranforced with Earth to resist the force of Pittards we see in the afternoone the Enemies squadrons of Foot and Horse about eight thousand strong marching unto us having Artillery conforme we finding them marching within reach I caused to salute them with two small shot wherewith a Rut-master and a Lievtenant of horse were killed which made the rest march out of distance The Army drawne up in Battell without reach of our Canon they sent a Trumpeter summoning us to a treatie he was answered we had no such Orders but we had Powder and Ball at their service Whereupon they commanded a Captaine with a hundred and fiftie musketiers towards the Porte directing proportionally to the rest of the Portes our souldiers in the beginning before the Portes killed of them above thirtie souldiers and two Livetenants I not being able to maintaine the Towne retired with my folke on the Castle I being retired the Burgers made up set open the Portes to the enemie giving him entrance who did bring in his whole Artillerie and Amunition to the market place and then sent to mee a Drummer to see if I would render up the Castle upon good conditions then they were in my power but if not I should have no quarters afterwards They got their first Answer againe and then the service beginnes anew on both sides and they begunne before night to plant their Batteries within fourtie pace of our walles which I thought too neere but the night drawing on wee resolved with fire workes to cause them remove their quarters and their
things though without reason giving way to Princes that are absolute Yet it is the duty of the inferiour to maintaine his Right lest he should be thought too simple in over-passing it For though perhaps at first wee bee not heard yet it may happen that afterwards we be not incroached upon more in that kinde For as a Generall commands his Armie so should a Colonell command his Regiment that hee may advance the vertuous according to merit and good deserving more then by favour If hee would be well esteemed of hee ought to have the understanding to preferre for reward the respective and the obedient and to hold backe onely those who doe not well understand eyther themselves or others Here also we see that sometimes it is easier speaking with Kings by their inferiours then to proud Generals that although they beare the tytle lacke the discretion that should season their Commands For wee find oft times many of them doe Command more through absolute authority then through eyther love respect or reason to their Inferiours and for my part I had rather follow with little meanes a Commander who would respect me in reason for his love then to follow a proud Generall for greedinesse of meanes that taking the snuffe in his nose would affront me without reason such Generals I did never follow neither will follow though I should quit the wars for my owne contentment Wee see oft times that the faults of the Inferiours are laid on the shoulders of their Colonels which should make Superiours to make the better choice of their Officers especially in eschewing those as pestiferous who are inclined to factions or given to sow sedition amongst Camerades such are circumspectly to be avoided by the sound judgement of the Colonell desirous to live in peace with those who ought to be his friends that hee may be the more able to offend his Enemies When both love and feare are in the hearts of the inferiours then the Command is not burthensome nor the obedience slavish for sometimes as good obeyeth as hee that commandeth the Title onely with the authority being laid aside Sundry Cavalieres that carried charge under this Regiment in Denmarke wee see in the beginning of this new Warre for having attained to a little experience under this Regiment they are now like the Eagles birds that how soone they can but flee they take Command on themselves and that most worthily knowing that it is ambition grounded upon vertue makes the meanest Souldier mount from the lowest centrie to the top of honour to bee a Generall as some of our worthy Countrimen have done under the Crowne of Sweden to their eternall glory To conclude this Observation as I begun seeing all things here are but humaine unstable and but waves and tossing wherein there is nothing sure but that which is tyed to the Anchor of true Pietie fot our very life brings many things with it contrary to our expectation Therefore wee ought not to aske when or where but we should be ever mindfull how wee are prepared for they live ill that thinke they shall live ever Men will command and bee commanded so that they may live but not live so as they are commanded to live well The fourth Duty discharged of our March to New-Brandenburg and of the In-taking of it HIs Majesty after overcomming his Enemies at Garts and Girffin-Hagan having retired to Statin and made preparation for a happie new-yeares march in the beginning of Ianuary 1631. Wee brake up from Statin taking our march towards New-Brandenburg the earth clad over with a great storme of Snow being hard frost wee carried along great Canons of Batterie and a number of small Canon being well provided of all thinges belonging to Artillery our little Army consisting then of eight Thousand Horse and Foot having left the rest of the Army under Command of the Felt-Marshall Horne before Landsberg in the Marke our march the first Night went no further then beyond the passe of Lacknets where wee quartered over night breaking up the next morning wee continue our march for three dayes towards Brandenburg where there lay in Garrison as Commandant Colonell Marizane with Five hundred Horse and twelve hundred Foot being as complete to looke on as you could wish His Majesty being come by Three a clocke in the after-noone within shot of Canon to the Towne drew us in Battaile and then divided out the Poasts where the Briggads should lye commanded out the Horse watches to lye without the Foot other Troupes were also commanded forth for battering the Streets and the rest of the Horsemen being directed to Quarters The Foot battaile ordered Drums beating Colours advanced and flying every Briggad by divisions marched to their Poastes where being arrived their Watches duely set the rest were setled in their Quarters being Commanded both Officers and Souldiers not to stirre out of Quarters from their Armes but to attend on Orders In our by-going being within distance of Cannon to the Towne we were saluted with Cannon Hagbuts of Crocke and with Musket where within a short time wee rendered unto them their exchange with the interest the service continuing so long as they did the night bringing silence over all till day begun to breake againe and then at our Poast there lay before the Port a little Tri-Angle with a Water-graffe about it and a Draw-bridge wee passing through the Graffe that was not deepe stormed the Tri-Angle and made the Enemy retire within the Towne walles who fearing a generall storme did presently cause to beate a Drum desiring a Parlee which was granted pledges delivered hinc inde the Treatie went on and the Accord was made and subscribed they should march out with bagge and baggage Horse and Foot with full Armes which should have a Convoy to Hagelberg and so accordingly they marched out and then his Majestie to refresh the Armie caused to make Quarters for the whole Foot within the Towne where wee lay two nights well entertayned His Majesty having a greater enterprise in hand hee commanded out a Thousand choise Musketiers towards Trepto two miles from Brandenburg and the enemy being acquainted with their comming hee did retyre to Dameine the Leader of the party leaving two Companies in Trepto marched forwards with the partie to take in a Castle on a passe lying in his way betwixt Trepto and Dameine whereon were fifty commanded musketiers who after a little defence made for their credit did capitulate for quarters being afraid of the Armies comming they gave over both Castle and passe His Majesty leaving a few number of commanded men in Brandenburg with a Commissary for ingathering of Contribution and Proviant for the Armie he did breake up and marched towards a little Towne lying on the passe below Dameine called Letts where in the Castle there lay above sixe hundred men of the Imperialists that might have foughten for good quarters but being carelesse of their Watch our commanded Musketiers having past the
Bridge were suffered to enter within the Castle before the Garrison could get to their Armes and being thus surprized they got worse quarters then if they had fought The Soldiers and Officers that first entred made good booty and having got gold chaines and mony in aboundance by reason the Emperialists had lyen long there who though they gathered the whole money of the Country yet they had not the wit to transport it away being silly simple Italians and without courage the poorest Officers that ever I looked on and unworthy the name of Souldiers for though they knew of our march they suffered themselves pittifully to be surprized The Fourth Observation NOtwithstanding of the extremitie of cold we see his Majesties diligence neglecting no time making use of Winter as of Summer being an expert Generall who in his judgement was nothing inferiour to the greatest Generall we read of as doe witnesse his valorous actions He seeing at our comming to Brandenburge what advantage the ground yeelded to the enemy to have hindered our comming unto it As also perceiving what hurt the enemy was able to have done us before our down-lying having known their strength that were within both of horse and foot if hee had beene a resolute and a couragious Commander as hee was not hee had tried our fore-troopes before our comming so neere which made his Majesty judge they would not hold out long Here at this time a young Cavaliere desirous of honour and greedy of good instruction could have learned frō this King the way to command well as likewise with order to direct all things fitting how to pursue any place or strength he came before as his Majestie did there being the first part wherein I did observe his Majesties dexteritie in Command discharging the dueties of severall Officers being but one man he never doubted to put in execution what he once commanded and it was well done and no alteration was to be found in his Orders neither did he like well of an Officer that was not as capable to understand his directions as he was ready in giving them Neverthelesse hee would not suffer an Officer to part from him till hee found he was understood by the receiver of the Order Such a Generall would I gladly serve but such a Generall I shall hardly see whose custome was to bee the first and last in danger himselfe gayning his Officers love in being the companion both of their labours and dangers for hee knew well how his souldiers should bee taught to behave themselves according to the circumstances both of time and place before they were led to fight and being carefull of their credits hee would not suffer their weakenesse or defects to be discerned being ready to foresee all things which did belong to the health of his souldiers and his owne credit Hee knew also the devices and Engines of his enemie their Counsell their Armies their art their discipline As also the nature and situation of the places they commanded so that he could not bee neglective in any thing belonging to his charge and he understood well that an Army being brickle like glasse that sometimes a vaine and idle brute was enough to ruine them and to breake them like the bricklest glasse that is His Majesties further diligence after the intaking of Brandenburg we see he giving neither time nor leasure to the neerest Garrisons that were at hand to resolve what they had to doe for one strength was no sooner taken but incontinent the commanded Musketiers and horsemen were presently closing up the passages of the rest before they could either retire or send for supply And so being long sleeping in a carelesse securitie some of them were taken before they could bee prepared for to fight or to take about their ports or bridges so farre were they out of use with hunting and making good cheere that they were surprized inter pocula having regarded their bellies more then their credits Where I did see the saying of the Prophet cleered that saith Men doe annoy themselves in gathering goods and cannot tell who shall enjoy them For I thinke the Italians never minded that the riches which they gathered in Pomeren should be suddenly transported from the Sunne unto the Northerne cragges and cliffes of Sweden being led by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden of never dying memory The fifth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Dameine by Accord GEnerall Major Kniphowsen being come with a supply of horse and foote to our Army at Letts and being joyned with us his Majestie did give him orders to desire from the Colonells of all Regiments of foote and horse according to a Swedens custome used at such times the List of their marching men and of their sicke the Lists being severally given our Army did effectivè consist of fifteene thousand men of foote and horse able to fight The next morning every Regiment of foote according to custome was commanded to have a competent number of Cannon baskets ready made to be transported the next day on Waggons before Dameine which we were to beleaguer Therefore this preparation was made before hand for the Batteries the wood being scarce and farre from thence The fourteenth of Februarie we did breake up horse and foote and marched towards Dameine from Letts our horsemen were directed to lie without us on both sides of the Towne alike so that the Towne could get no supply without they would first beate our horsemen and next our foote His Majestie remaining with the Infantry as his choice we incamped on a hill and about it within Cannon shot of the Towne being our best Quarters in the extremitie of the cold without house or shelter to defend us from the winde At our first drawing up in battell a worthy Gentleman called Robert Rosse one of our Regiment was kill'd with the Cannon being blowing of Tobacco before the Regiment died instantly and was transported to Letts where he was honourably buried in the Church whose last words were worth the noteing saying Lord receive my Soule His Majestie having first disposed of the Horsemen in giving them their directions the foote was standing in battell under the mercy of the Cannon behinde this hill for two houres while his Majestie was in viewing and recognoscing both Towne and Castle which done the Guards were commanded forth to their severall Posts to the Artillerie and to his Majesties baggage then his Majestie directed Generall Major Kniphowsen and his Forces with the thousand commanded Musketiers to take in the passage that went to the Castle on which service was commanded Here Tivell his Lievetenant Colonell called _____ who commanded the partie under whom was with the commanded men of our Regiment Lievetenant George Heatly the service beginning hot on both sides striving for the passe the Lievtenant Colonell was killed At which time Lievetenant Heatly being shot notwithstanding behaved himselfe valourously being the first with his Musketiers that cleered the passe
his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford whereunder the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Sehonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosce neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command
Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the enemy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that right coming before day to visit the workes and finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced â—o his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestic commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fiftie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast up a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of both Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having lost in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof fix were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for taking in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperiall Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being removed to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in
had taken the Castle of Bloe in Macleburgh in his march with his owne Regiment alone where they made good booty but their Souldiers got but sleight quarters as Bannier did give at the intaking of this Towne and Castle of Hagleberg The twelfth Observation AT this time I did remarke the great wonderfull rare and extraordinary mercy of God towards our Leader the Kings Majesty and his Royall little Army which before our removing from old Brandenburg was much infected with the plague of Pestilence so that we knew not the sicke from the whole for of our Regiment alone there died in one weeke above thirty Souldiers and being but removed six dayes at our downe-lying at Werben we scarce knew there was any infection amongst us so that in a moneths time we were miraculously rid of it and for mine owne part I neither know nor can conjecture any reason for it cheifely being in the dogge dayes and in a Leaguer but the Lords mercy towards his Majesty and his Army being at this time farre inferiour in strength to our enemies Many examples and testimonies of Gods favour towards his Majesty I did observe on this march for such terror was put in their hearts by his Majesties victory obtained at Francford and Lansberg that they fled where once they did heare of our coming being perswaded and informed by their consciences that if his Majesty were victorious they should get no better quarters then were given by them at Madeburg which made them quit strong Garrisons before they would attend or abide the danger Wherefore we may plunly conclude that they doe not merit the name of Souldiers nor yet the title of couragious Cōmanders that did succumbe before they saw or felt the dinte of their enemies valour Fie then on such Commanders If they were of my friends I would allow them a Pinne higher on the Gallowes then is allowed for common offences for such Cullions that quit places for feare not seeing their enemies are unworthy the name of Souldiers but I thinke they were too rich and consequently they grew too feeble Likewise here I did rejoyce and was glad when I did observe that it is not nor was not peculiar to any still to have overcome or to be victorious the Emperialists I know by experience and so did the Regiment I commanded had their time of the victory against the King of Deamarke where I did learne to make a retreate but now being come under another Leader there Fortune began to change and to retire from us we learning under the invincible Gustavus to advance orderly never falling off but ever keeping faces to our enemy a brave lesson learned from a brave Commander So that we see here victory keepes no constant dwelling being now here now there yet we see that it is best kept with counsell and vertue neither can I thinke but fortune and chance hath a great hand in it for it is a greater matter to use victory well then to overcome and all victors have an insatiable desire of their prosperous fortune never appointing an end to their desires And nothing brings victory more next unto God then good Commanders whereof King Gustavus the invincible had many Here also at the intaking of Hagleberg Generall Bannier did well in giving the Souldiers some liberty of booty to the end they might prove the more resolute another time for Souldiers will not refuse to undergoe any hazard when they see their Officers willing to reward them with honour and profit The thirteenth Duty discharged at our Royall Leaguer of Werben on the Elve against Generall Tillie his Army ABout the middest of Iuly 1631 his Majesties forces being come together of Horse and Foote he did resolve to set downe his Leaguer at Werben on the Elve where the River of the Haggle enters into it and spying a parcell of ground the most commodious that could be had for situation and aire having first the commodity of transportation by water on the River of the Haggle running into the Elve at the Leaguer whereon all provisions could be brought for maintaining of his Army He had also the whole country on the other side of the Elve behinde him as his friends This Leaguer lay along the side of the River on a plaine meadow being guarded by the River on one side and the foreside was guarded by a long earthen Dike which of old was made to hold off the River from the Land which Dike his Majestie made use of dividing it by Skonces and Redoubts which defended one another with Flanckering having Batteries and Cannon set within them alongst the whole Leaguer he did also set over the River a Ship-bridge for his Retreate in neede as also for bringing commodiously of provision and succours from the Country and Garrisons on the other side as Hagleberg Ratene Perleberg and others In like manner his Majestie did fortifie the Towne of Werben for his Magazin being close to the Leaguer with workes about it which defended the Leaguer and the Leaguer-workes were made to defend the Towne also so that they could relieve one another being in most distresse and both the Towne-wall and Leaguer-wall were so thicke and firme of old earth faced up with new that no Cartow could enter into it The Bulwarkes on which the Batteries were made for the Cannon were also very strong and formally built and they flanckered one another so that none could finde but folly in pressing to enter by storme And betwixt the flanckerens were left voides for letting Troopes of horse in and out with slawght Bommes before them where strong guards were kept for defending the passage And on the one side of this Leaguer were planted above one hundred and fistie pieces of Cannon great and small besides those that were planted on the Towne-workes and our whole Horsemen were quartered within the Leaguer The manner we were ordained to watch this Leaguer every Briggad of foote had such a portion of the Leaguer appointed for them to watch and maintaine by fight in case of a storme which part they had fortified themselves and Briggads of horse were ordained to attend particularly on a foote Briggad to second them if that the enemy at a storme should beate the foot backe from their Poasts then the horse Briggad was ready to charge till the foote might be recollected by the diligence and valour of their Officers for besides the watch ordinary on the Poasts the whole Briggads of foote stood in readinesse at all Alarums behinde the guard and the horse Briggads did stand in Battaile behinde them Likewise without the Leaguer there were squadrons of our horsemen to stand in readinesse at one end that while as the enemies foote should march on to the storme our horsemen might charge through to the end of the Leaguer where they were to be received againe within the Leaguer being hardly followed so that the judicious Reader can easily judge what a difficultie it was to storme such a
Leaguer Being thus provided to welcome our enemy his Majestie hearing of his enemies neere approach with a strong Armie his Majestie did resolve like a wise Generall to try his enemies courage in the Field before they should come neare to discourage his little Armie And therefore his Majestie commanded out a strong partie of two thousand Musketiers and a thousand horse which partie he did lead himselfe and finding by his intelligence Tillies Armie were advanced so farre as to Wolmerstat his Majestie Aâ—â—e omnia called in unto the Leaguer all the Garrisons which were without on that side of the River whereon the enemy did march and getting good intelligence of the enemies fore-Troopes being foure Regiments of horse the best of Tillies Armie viz. Colonell Harmesteans his Regimenâ— of Curassiers Mounte Cuculies Regiment Holks Regiment of Curassiers and Gerramino his Regiment which were all about fortie two Gornets of Curassters being quartered beside Tangermonde not knowing how neere they were come unto the valiant Gustavus that though a King would not stand on a Ceremony to make the first visit unto such valourous Cavaliers of their worths and to make his Majesties visit the more gracefull though lesse acceptable well I wot he did send the Rhine-grave and Colonell Collenbagh with five hundred Dragoniers and their owne two Regiments of horse to salute them at their quarter in his Majesties name honouring them first with a Salve of Muskets lest they should thinke it discourtesie to have come unto them without sending before which being mis-taken by the enemy the skirmish went on Colonell Harmestean was killed Holke and Coronell Corramine fled so that the enemies fore-Troopes were driven to confusion having lost twenty-nine Cornets the Troopes whereof were defeated and ruined so that our horsemen did make good bootie having gotten horses and a great deale of riches The enemy in this Conflict did lose above a thousand men and his Majesties losse was great also having lost his owne sisters sonne the young Rhinegrave being killed on his first exployt being the seventeenth of Iuly the Cavaliers death was much regrated by his Majestie and the whole Armie but the exployt ended his Majestie did retire towards the Leaguer having left some Officers and Horsemen that had followed in the flight Generall Tilly and Colonell Holke dogging them to their Quarters where both hardly escaped untaken The Swedens disappointed of their onslaught retired after his Majestie to their Leaguer and having put a terror in the enemies Armie by this defeat he did get foure dayes longer continuation to put all things in good Order against their coming during which time the enemy was busied in recollecting of his scattered Troopes and in putting his Armie in good Order forgetting of his revenge His Majestie as soone as he came backe did send incontinent Orders to all the chiefe Officers of the Armie to come instantly to his Tent where being come he asked their advice whether it were best the enemy being strong timely to retire over the Elve or that he should bide their coming before the Leaguer and finding no man to answer him all turning it over upon himselfe being wise knowing that Counsell would be allowed of by a King but according to event But his Majestie perceiving their intentions he resolved to abide the enemies coming what ever might follow and instantly he gave all Officers and Commanders of Briggads charge to see their workes accomplished and finished for if the enemy would stay but three dayes he would be no more afraid of him than if he were in the strongest Island could be imagined being he was assured GOD would fight for him and with him and besides he knew he had as good Commanders and Souldiers of horse and foote as Tilly was able to bring against him and which was more he could get his Armie longer and better entertained than Tilly could get seeing he had the Country to enemy which was his Majesties friend This resolution being taken his Majestie went to visit the Leaguer being accompanied with the Marquesse of Hamilton come then from Britaine with an Armie of six thousand foote as complete as could be desired to be seene for personages of men in complete Armes being well araide and furnished of Artillery and of all things fitting for the adorning of an Armie his Majestie being exceeding glad of such a timely supply he did most heartily welcome the Marquesse by entertaining him with gracefull countenance and respect in giving him such entertainement as the time could affoord and in the interim his Majestie went along with his Excellence to let him see the fortifications and preparations he had made against Tillies comming which being so neare made his Majestie after some considerable discourses had with the Marquesse concerning his Armie wherein his Majestie declared he was sorry the Marquesse with his Armie were arrived in such parts of the Country that was ruined and not able to entertaine his Excellence and his Armie with bread much lesse to be furnished with necessaries convenient for them or with such as his Majestie would willingly bestow on them if the Country or his power were able to furnish it Other private discourses they had together concerning the service that the Marquesse with his Armie was to be imployed on And his Excellence having received his Majesties instructions being both pressed by shortnesse of time his Excellence was graciously dismissed to returne to his Armie then being come upon the Oder being then the most ruined part within the Empire by reason both the Armies had laine there above a yeare before which caused that Summer both famine and plague the smart whereof his Excellence Armie suffered at their first coming where they died of the plague above two hundreth a weeke so that it was impossible for them to subsist long and the plague was so rife that his Excellence servants and family were not free Neverthelesse none can say but for the well and furtherance of the good cause they did arrive in a good time having diverted from his Majestie a great part of the enemies forces towards Silesia being more afraid of their coming than of an Armie twice stronger and the diversion thus made was a great furtherance to the joyning of his Majestie with the Duke of Saxon and consequently of his Majesties advancement in Dutchland and of his victory obtained against his enemies at Leipsigh for nothing doth more crosse the designes of a mightie enemy than to heare a forraigne supply of valiant men to come to his enemy which no doubt would force to alter his former Designes which once altered unadvisedly in haste might marre the happie event of his former Conclusions Likewise his Excellence being dismissed the Landgrave of Hessen and Duke Barnard of Wymar did come unto his Majestie with the offer of their service knowing his Majestie had gotten a supply to his Armie out of Britaine which did encourage them and the most part of the Townes of the foure upper
those were hurt The day thus past I was relieved at night and the next morning before day Generall Tilly made a shew of on-falling on our Leaguer by making all his Trumpets to sound and his Drummes to beate making a great noise we being prepared to receive them The morning being darke with a cloudy mist so that none could see the enemy being retired with his Army having broke up at night he marched towards Tangermonde and the day being cleared up his Majestie with a strong partie went forth to drive up their Reare with six small pieces of Ordnance even to the body of their maine Armie which consisted then of twenty-six thousand men while as we were not in the Leaguer and at Hagleberg twelve thousand men foote and horse till afterwards that the Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne did come from the Oder towards Ratene with foure thousand complete Souldiers and Generall Tilly having lyen some few dayes at Tangermonde suffering daily losses by his Majesties parties at length through scarcitie of victualls he was forced to march unto Hall and in the Saxons Country being made weaker by six thousand men than he came downe having had to doe with the Invincible Gustavus who still did out-shoot him out of his owne Bowe having had the right hand of the LORD for his assistance The thirteenth Observation HIS Majestie wisely made choice of a fit place for his Leaguer being commodious for transportation of victualls unto his Armie without being in danger of his enemies In like manner we see his Majesties wisedome in making his friends sure behinde him viz. the Duke of Brandenburg the Dukes of Pomeren and Machlenburg from whence his victualls and his supplies must needs come and as his Leaguer was commodious for furnishing the Armie so it was commodiously situated for defence against the enemy the one halfe or backe being naturally defended by the course of the water running by and on the other side it was defended by the Towne and by the helpe of the old Dike which easily was fortified His Majesties wisedome also was seene by keeping of his Souldiers still in Action never suffering them to be idle as a wise Generall ought to doe for either they were imployed on marches or lying still in working or in fighting by parties or in grosse as occasion offered For this Generall knew well that he was but the carrion of a man and not a man that did live idle having in a living body but a dead minde Here also I did remarke and observe Homo homini quid interest for we finde a great difference betwixt his Majesties welcoming of Tilly to Werben and the Felt-marshall Twifenbacke his welcome made to his Majestie before Francford on the Oder who never did present himselfe in the Fields though almost as strong as we were but here we finde the contrary that notwithstanding of Tillies strength being twenty-six thousand men Gustavus was not afraid to have invaded his fore-Troopes with a weake partie and did defeate them shewing unto us the difference betwixt Commanders by his owne valourous example incouraging his little Armie before the enemies coming he would not first meete his enemy with an Army but having strengthened his Leaguer with Baniers Forces and called in his weake Garrisons from danger and then taking all victualls out of his enemies way bringing it within his Leaguer he then armed with courage and resolution adventures to Rancounter his enemy with a partie and having tryed them to their losse he retired againe with credit preparing his Leaguer being strongly beset with men Amunition and victualls he was not afraid to be taken unawares as the French were within Philopsburg not being provided to oppose their enemies for their sloath they were cruelly muichered Teaching others by their examples not to trust too much in securitie be the place never so strong if they be left unto themselves and grow carelesse they must needs suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies Likewise his Majestie not trusting to his owne wisedome he did call his chiefe Officers to Counsell asking them what was to be done as wise Commanders ought to doe and finding them all by silence to relie on his Majesties will giving Orders for all things that were to be done before their coming he resolved to stand to it being truely couragious as he did not adventure rashly without asking his Officers advice knowing once their resolution agreeable to his owne he was not inconsiderately afraid of his enemies strength though mightie and strong neither was he unprovided against their coming His Majesties dexteritie of Command is seene here by the order of his discipline in giving good orders for watching First he divided the Postes and appointed what footmen or Briggad should watch on the severall Posts as they were severally fortified by themselves to the end no man might blame their owne worke for insufficiency to hold out the enemy As also he appointed severall Briggads of horse to second the Postes severally every one knowing where to repaire in time of service As also he did instruct them of the manner they were to fight in resisting the enemies entry As also in case of their entry he did instruct both foote and horse how and in what manner they should be repulsed againe promising according to his wonted Custome to be a Companion both of their travells and dangers and that he should never leave them till first they should quit him and that he would promise as he was a Royall King A worthy saying of a worthy King and Generall whose prudence and wisedome in Command was ever answerable to the dignitie of his majesticke person that ought and should be endued with infinite vertues since infinite were those things he had to foresee and which are needfull for a man of his place Infinite chances and altogether divers every moment were set before him in so much that Arges Eyes were too few for him not onely in respect of the weight of his Command but also in respect of the wit and prudence which was requisit for him All other commands belonging to a Souldier are so inferiour to this of a Generall that almost they are nothing in respect of this who amongst others his great gifts he must know severly to command and softly to beare with others As also he must learne patiently to give place to others contumacy and he must not onely be powerfull to strengthen for his owne affaires but also he must weaken his enemies and chiefely he must make warre by policy without giving battell or travell as this wise Generall did deale twice with old Tillie who was forced after a long march having but visited him and seene his orders to retire againe with the losse of many men without any detriment or hurt at all to his Majesties owne litle Army which he kept ever to the best by preserving them from their enemies and by supplying of them as they became weake so that their weaknesse could never be
every particular Cameradship did strive who could best provide themselves of convenient lodgings where we were to rest for a weeke Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro being come before his Colonell from Scotland with a company he was made to march from Statin to Werben and from thence to Wittenberg being then ordained to march with our Regiment with whom did come from Scotland Robert Monro Kilternes sonne out of love to see his friends who contracting a feaver at Wittenberg died there and was honourably buried The fourteenth Observation HIS Majesty like a wise and prudent Generall we see would not sturre from his Loaguer at Werben till first he was made certaine by good intelligence of his enemies designe counsell and resolution which being well knowne his Majesty then resolved by preventing of them to make them unprofitable and truly the discoverer of such plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded seeing by the discovery of our enemies designes we were made to resist dis intended evill against us Happy therefore are those intelligences that come in time and there ought to be no delay used in taking that counsell that cannot be praised till the turne be done and things once deliberated should be quickly done and though he be a brave fellow who doubts in advising yet in action he ought to be confident as Gustavus was getting intelligence of the enemies designe with celerity he tooke his horses and Dragoniers with him and leaving his foote and Cannon he advanced to the passe of Wittenberg for to prevent Tillie who was striving to make the Duke turne Emperialist but Gustavus wisely taking the ball at the right rebound he did turne the Duke by Gods providence both soule and body good Swede Where cleerely we may see the Lords powerfull hand and providence in this as in all humane affaires suffering things sometimes to take delayes Notwithstanding of mans instant urging the Lord deferres to his appointed time that the glory may be given unto himselfe alone and not to mans wit or policy For as the Rudder in a ship doth with a little motion governe all the shipe even so God the director and governour of the world doth move the whole himselfe not sturring And as there is one God in the heavens that governes all the frame of the earth so the Lord hath his Substitutes on earth whom he hath made above their fellowes in judgment and herolike vertues yet he himselfe keepes the Prerogative above them all in commanding them to let us see that all the event and conclusions of Kings projects and intentions be they never so powerfull availe nothing to the furtherance of their intentions till they first acknowledge them to come from the fountaine God that distributes them againe on his servants when he pleaseth that they may learce to glorify him and not their owne wit or policy which is so much as nothing till he consent This God then the author and doer of all things and of this union and confederacy that eternall I say and provident Godhead that governes the motions of the Heavens the starres variable courses the Elementary changes all things above and beneath the earth ruling and governing spreading where he pleaseth his light beames from his eternity and with a winke piercing into the Bowells of heaven earth and sea be doth not only goe before them but in them seeing and knowing all and governing them all his will is so that he converts our noisomnesse unto health and our sinnes being ill he turnes them unto our good that eternall Governour triumphs in the Chariot of his providence and if willingly we follow him then freely as his Souldiers if unwillingly we must follow him as captives and servants We see then here by Gods providence the Duke was contented to joyne his Army with the Kings Majesties Army being come to Wittenberg to goe Conjunctis viribus against their common enemy the house of Austria and the Catholique league It had beene good for Madeburg this union had beene sooner concluded but the Lord would not have it seeing their punishments by Generall Tillies Army their scourge was decreed long before But now the Duke of Saxon terrified by their example thinkes it better to prevent such another wound by joyning with his Majesty being made warie by others fall for it is better late to thrive then never and it is better to prevent evill then to suffer and it was better for the Duke of Saxon to blush in time then out of time to grow pale for now being taken at the rebound Tillies Army being at Lipsigh seing his own house on fire to be relieved he offers his service to his Majesty damning himselfe soule and body if ever he will forsake his Majesty and his Crowne if then he would but helpe him to beate the enemy out of his country againe So that he which could not be tied with one knot before is now hard tied by foure great points which he was made to condescend unto on his honour and credit to have bin kept unviolable And his Majesty getting him once thus bound the way to make him sure was to make him fight that having dipped his hands once in the bloud of his enemies he was not suddenly to be clensed and this was the manner to tye him harder then the custome was of old amongst the Germans who were wont when they entred in confederacy to draw bloud in a Goblet of both their browes and drinke of it mutually for the more strict observance of their fidelities to each others But shortly after this confederacy was made much German bloud was drawne and of other strangers bloud to make the tie so much the harder and before the tie was broke his Majesties bloud was shed to the perpetuall disgrace of him that after his Majesties death forgetting his honour and credit did violate his confederacy made with the crowne as with the King our Master of never dying memory The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March over the Elve at Wittenberg to Diben THE Conjunction agreed upon betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Saxon all things sealed and subscribed his Majestie gave Orders to breake up with the Armie and to crosse the Elve over the bridge at Wittenberg for to joyne with the Dukes Armie the orders were obeyed with great contentment and entering into Saxonie we quartered the first night not farre from Diben the place appointed for our Randez-vouz the next morning we marched thither and were drawne up in battaile on the Fields where in the after noone the Dukes Armie arrived being drawne up in bartaile within Cannon shot of us the whole Officers of our Armie were commanded to be in readinesse on horse-backe to convey his Majestie for to welcome the Duke and his Armie which for pleasing the eye was the most complete little Armie for personages of men comely statures well armed and well arraide that ever mine eyes did looke on whose Officers did all looke as if they were
and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particularly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake
the whole united body of the Army following the example of their head and Leader the magnifick and Magnanimous King for to abate and lay downe the pride of the house of Austria and for to teare and strip naked that old proud and Ambitious Generall Tillie of his former glory and honour for having bragged and vainely gloried he had conquered two Kings before here now the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines doth victoriously Triumph having robbed him of glory and clipped the wings of the Empire with his little Royall Army Likewise next unto God a second helpe unto this glorious victory was the great execution made by his Majesties Cannon and though ever before Tillie did pride himselfe all his life time in the course of the warres in his dexterity of his great Cannon here from a Master he was turned againe unto a prentice being cunningly over shot with Cannon so that his Cannon and three score waggons belonging thereto were taken from him by Gustavus the first and most valiant Captaine of the world with the helpe of the nation which was never conquered by any forraine enemy the invincible Scots whose prayers to God were more effectuall through Christ then theirs through the intercession of Saints The third cause of this glorious victory was his Majesties good discipline houlden over the Army horse and foote not suffering them without great and extraordinary punishment to oppresse the poore which made them cry for a blessing to his Majesty and his Army The enemy on the contrary provoked the wrath of God against themselves and their Army for their cruelty used in torturing the poore and forceing their monies from them did further their punishment and his Majesties glorious victory The fourth helpe to this victory was the plottons of Musketiers his Majesty had very wisely ordained to attend the horsemen being a great safety for them and a great prejudice to the enemy the Musket ball carrying and piercing farther then the Pistolet As also the great celerity used in charging and discharging of our small cannon brought the enemies battaile in disorder to the furtherance of this victory As also the extraordinary care and diligence that was used by his Majesty and his Officers in seeing and foreseeing of the defects and disorders amongst our selves which being suddenly remedied was also a helpe to this victory And last of all the invincible courage and resolution both of Officers and souldiers in standing firme Notwithstanding of the fury of their enemies and which was more they were no wayes dismayed or discouraged at the flight of the Saxons but thought it their greatest glory to be victorious without them standing resolutly till they saw the backe of their enemies the undoubted tokens of their glorious victory His Majesties Army on this service as at all times might be called truely valorous for those are called valorous Captaines and holden for such that when their Camerades are flying they notably with hands voice and wounds if wounded sustaine the fight doing at once the duty of Souldiers and of Captaines by those meanes bringing backe and restoring the suspected losse unto victory for their credits For as ignorance doth easily precipitate men into danger even so to a generous heart nothing can seeme difficult or fearefull being once resolved to fall on though towards the mouth of the cannon but before resolution flesh and blood have their owne disturbances even in the most valorous and valorous men as they feare nothing after resolution so they disdaine nothing entering upon danger Here also the resolution of our horsemen on this service was praise worthy seeing they never loosed a pistoll at the enemy till first they had discharged theirs for the enemy being fierce and furious while as ours were stout and slow the enemy was made weary when ours were fresh which made the enemy being weary and charged with a fresh succour being once set on going they followed hard their victory not giving them time to breath or recollect their forces againe till they were utterly defeated that the night and darkenesse was their best safety For I did observe here that the duty of valiant Commanders is to know not onely the nature of their enemies but also their spirit and wherein they pride them most we ought to make our best use for to deceive and out-shoote them in those same things wherein they delight and trust most unto Likewise this day I did observe that as the inticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour even so courage and constant valour may be attained unto by exercise in warre and frequenting of dangers wherein Souldiers Companies or Briggads are used with and made once familiar with that cruell and vehement horrible and terrible fellow death having seene many dead bodies before and being inured to bloud such Souldiers will stand to it and desire to fight when ignorant Novices as the Saxons were are afraid of death who seeking their safety in flying they were miserably cut downe by their enemies I did likewise observe this day that it is not the multitude doth the turne but under God it is good command good conduct art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare and in taking the occasions in time that beget victory Therefore he that would labour an Army as Gustavus did he will finde fruite yea even the best that groweth under the Empire good Rhenish and Necker wine not onely for himselfe but for the meanest Souldier and that unto excesse which hath made me sometimes complaine more of the plenty our Souldiers had after this victory through the abuse of it then ever I did before for any penury He is therefore in my opinion farre deceived that thinkes that it is the time or number of yeares that makes a good Souldier no no it is rather the continuall meditation of exercise and practise for Souldiers should be in running not in running away as horsemen ordinarily doe But on the contrary that with the greater force they may be able to invade their enemies as our Briggad did here who seeing the enemy in confusion with their Pikes charged ranne fiercely upon them till they were beaten And surely I doe thinke no man so ignorant but knowes that more come to be good Souldiers by exercise and frequency of danger and use then by nature and he is not a man that will not sweat nor couragious that eschewes danger when hee should fight as our Camerades did the painted Souldiers the Saxons with their plumed Officers which feathers served them I thinke in their flight for tokens rather to cut them downe by than for their safeties Courage should growe by frequencie of danger the onely way in my opinion to feare nothing and then he may be called stout before the maker of a quarrell at home who once drawing a sworde when he knowes of twentie Parters or Redders is there called stout but when he comes abroade to the warres at first the thundering of the
Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were by but the enemy being too farre strong made our musketiers lose ground in retiring and his Majesty suspecting the enemy was back't with stronger forces his Majesty commanded me to command a hundred musketiers more with a sufficient Officer to march incontinent for reliefe of their Camerades and commanded me to goe withall and to place them in the most advantagious ground which I did and incontinently the reliefe begun the service a fresh forcing the enemy to retire backe over the top of the hill which his Majesty perceiving was wondrous glad saying the Scots skirmish well who had made the enemy quit their ground which they possest and kept the other side of the hill being all plaine his Majesty commanded out a troope of horse for to recognize the enemies designe and calling Colonell Hepburne unto him he said he would leave us there and fearing the enemy might have a designe upon Wurtsburg he would returne thither being of greatest moment and so he gave orders to Hepburne to defend the Towne so long as he could and then in case of necessity to retire over the bridge and to breake it off behinde him His Majesty being gone Colonell Hepburne begun to put all things in good order preparing for the enemies coming casting downe houses and walles which might serve without the Towne for the enemies advantage as also cutting downe trees and hedges which might serve to shelter the enemy As also making Scaffolds about the walles for musketiers to make service from ordaining the severall postes to be repaired and defended in case of the enemies pursuite ordering also the watches and by watches to observe their precise houres making also provision betimes for store of Amunition and giving diligent and capable men charge over it and appointing guards for it with severall other directions befitting an able Commander to give out at such times being looking for a mighty enemy to pursue a skurvy irregular hole where no Cavalier could gaine credit without overmuch hazard yet such a Master would be so served All things thus provided the Curriers went night and day betwixt his Majesty and the Governour for mutuall intelligence till the third night before day the enemies Trumpets and Drummes made such a noise as though Heaven and earth were going together continuing as if the enemy were marching to the walles for a generall storme our horse guards being beaten in under the walles were refused of entry and the out-guards of foote also and then every man within walles did repaire to their posts expecting a generall storme and the pitterding of the ports The Colonell having visited the whole guards and made the Rounde of the whole Towne seeing all things were in good order and the day drawing neere we found the enemy was retiring from us having begun his march at midnight towards Newringburg and the upper Paltz The day cleering our horsemen having come from the other side of the Maine being led and commanded by Duke Bernard of Wymar whereof foure hundred were commanded towards the enemies quarters to take order with those were left bâ—…inde who did get but slight quarters The enemies Army being marched his Majesty was advertized who sent orders incontinent to Sr. Iohn Hepburne to breake up in the night with five hundred musketiers and to march by the enemy in the night towards Wintzsen which by appearance was too hazardous The enemy being too farre before and in his way also which made his Majesty to countermand his former orders against his custome and then the Colonell being commanded to beset the garrison he was recald with the party to returne to Wurtzberg After Tillies departure his Majesty caused publish an Edict over all Franconia that both Clergy and Laikes none excepted should come and sweare their fidelity to his Majesty Whereupon the full liberty of their profession in religion should be granted unto them untroubled As also they should have his Majesties safeguards for the conservation of their worldly estates and in this Edict were contained a great part of his Majesties former victories obtained
being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Inhabitants had given their Oath of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a pregresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best he could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all sires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards Donavert upon Ottengen Pleinfelt and went before the Castle of Mansfield on the hill being the strongest of any one in Dutchland and finding he could get nothing done young Papenham being Commandant there was advertised by his Majestie if that he would not give over the Castle his Fathers Earledome thereabouts should be ruind which he though unwilling behooved to suffer but the Cavalier regardlesse of his Majesties threats did keepe out the Castle so that his Majestie for that time was forced to leave it His Majestie leaving a strong Garrison in the Towne next to it he continued his march towards Donavert and quartered the Armie on the Hill above the Towne by this time his Majestie of Pole died as also then Duke Barnard of Wymar had put a thousand Finnes on the other side of the Rhine in Bissen and beset Spier at which time the Spaniard againe did set over the Mosell of intention to relieve Franckendale but was sent backe with shame over the Mosell by the Dukes Armie then left in the Paltz at which time the Chancellor Oxensterne being there in person and Palsgrave Christian Birkafield his Excellence the Rex-chancellor caused the Dutch Regiments marching towards the enemy to beate the Scots march thinking thereby to affright the enemy but it fell out contrary the Dutch that marched in the Van with the Scots march being charged by the enemy made a base retreate till they were holden up againe by the valour of the Scots that were there viz. Sir Iohn Ruthven and his Regiment having had all his Officers of valiant Scots as Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Major Lyell Captaine David King and divers others resolute Cavaliers that stood to it with the assistance of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment and Officers being all old beaten Souldiers formerly called Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment by their valour resisting the enemy and encouraging their Camerades who were flying the victory that before was doubtfull is restored againe to the Swedens so that Palsgrave Christian did sweare in audience of the whole Armie to his Excellence the Rex-chancellor that had it not beene for the valour of the Scots Briggad they had all beene lost and defeated by the Spaniard Here also was evidently seene as was formerly mentioned the valour of Rutmaster Hume in view of his Excellence in defeating the Spanish horsemen being farre inferiour in number unto them where the Dutch Cavalerie led by him repaired the over-sight of their Infanterie that had the Vanguard To returne to the beleaguering of Donavert wherein did lie Hertzog Randolph Maximilian of Saxonlawenburgh with fifteene hundred Souldiers and five hundred Boores of foote wherein were also five hundred horsemen who finding his Majestie was come to visit him resolved to defend the Towne so long as he could and to that effect begunne with Cannon and Musket to play amongst us who seeing his Majestie had caused to plant some Cannon before the Port to play alongst the Bridge he sallied out bravely and did beate the Swedens that guarded the Cannon from their Cannon which they nayled and a Scots Captaine called Semple that commanded the Swedens was blamed for the Swedens fault that did leave him alone who unwisely fearing to be taken prisoner came off after his fellowes and we having beaten backe the enemy the Captaine was put in arrest till he were heard before a Councell of warres Incontinent after that his Majestie planted Batteries on the hill for to play with Cannon on a long stone-house that lay on the other side of the River wherein were a number of foote and horse come from Bavaria to strengthen the Garrison but their entry was hindered by our timely comming on
to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through oftentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as willingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfels having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after a little skirmish made with horse in the Feilds retired over the water casting off the Bridge behinde them they escaped having left a weake Garrison of foote in the Towne and Castle to make an Accord for keeping the Towne unplundered which was suddenly agreed on so that before night we were quartered in the Towne the enemy being retired where divers of our Briggad made bootie worth their paines The next day his Majestie hearing we had taken in the Towne did breake up with the Armie towards Memmungen leaving Orders for the Felt-marshall to joyne with the Armie at Freisingen having got moneyes for his Majestie both from Landshut and the Bishopricke of Freisingen for keeping them unplundered Hohnwart Pfafenhowen being two walled Townes with the Abbacie of St. Morris and the Abbacie of St. George were also brought under Contribution where the Boores on the march cruelly used our Souldiers that went aside to plunder in cutting off their noses and eares hands and feete pulling out their eyes with sundry other cruelties which they used being justly repayed by the Souldiers in burning of many Dorpes on the march leaving also the Boores dead where they were found A strong partie of the Dukes Souldiers thinking to have surprized the Swedens in their quarters they fell themselves in the ditch that they prepared for others so that very few of them escaped with life out of the Swedens hands By this time also Weysenburg not farre from Nurenberg was taken in by the Dukes Forces having got some Cannon from the Castle of Weiltzburg Neverthelesse the Swedens Garrison behaved themselves valourously in making an honourable Accord though those Papists unworthily brake their promise for those that would not willingly serve were cut downe and the Towne by condescending was also plundered their wives and children were abused and the Burgomasters and Preachers were taken prisoners unto Engolstat and the Ports of the Towne they razed and burnt The thirtieth Observation IN this Expedition as in all the former his Majesties wisedome and diligence is praise-worthy for prosecuting his victories so orderly on the hot sent as the cunning Hunter doth his prey in giving one sweat after another till he kill or derne in putting the Fox in the earth and then hooke him out or starve him Likewise His Majestie also very wisely advancing within his enemies Country First made the passes sure behinde him in case of Retreate or of scarcitie of Amunition or victualls most prudently he left Generall Ruthven at Vlme as Governour being his Magazin-place and surest retreate being also made certaine of the Duke of Wittenbergs friendship who in necessitie was able to furnish him with a great supply of men moneys victualls and Amunition for his Armie being then one of the most powerfull Princes within Germany As also his Majestie having got Ausburg under subjection be very wisely left a part of his Armie to subdue the adjacent Cities in Schwabland to helpe his Contribution as Memmungen Pibrach Brandenburg on the River Elve as also Middleham Kawffbire and Kempten on the Leacke and Elve and that by the industry and diligence of Generall Major Ruthven with the rest of the young Cavaliers of the Scots Nation that followed him such as Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell Iohn Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell Gunne Lievetenant Colonell Mongomerie Major Brumfield and divers other Scots Captaines such as Captaine Dumbarre that was killed by the Boores neere Vlme who all were obliged to Generall Ruthven not onely for their advancements but also for their meanes which they made in short time beyond their fellowes who had served longer by reason their lot was to have fallen in a fat soyle that abounded
though expert in military vertue he resolved to weary the enemy having a strong and mightie Armie to be entertained with all sort of provision which must needs be brought from a farre out of Bavaria upon the Axell or Waggons being a labour of infinit paine and toyle to transport entertainment for fiftie thousand men daily and Corne for Horses such a farre way and having appointed their Magazin-house in the upper Paltz to weary them the sooner his Majestie very wisely as we see plotted the ruine of it to be effectuated by Colonell Dowbattle being knowne for a Cavalier of much worth that formerly had done his Majestie divers notable good services as at this time which made his Majestie to be the more carefull of his safe retreate in comming himselfe with a partie betwixt the enemy and him to be his second being no small honour where in the first Rancounter Colonell Ree was killed and then a little Captaine of the Leeffe Regiment throwing off his Doublet did valourously command supplying the place of the Colonell till such time as his Majestie tooke notice of his noble carriage and then lighted from his Horse taking the Command to him selfe Neverthelesse at his Majesties returne to Quarters he did give his own Pourtraict with a gold chaine to the Captaine and advanced him to a Lievetenant Colonells place for reward of his vertuous carriage in sight of his Master Colonell Ree being kill'd I being then the eldest Lievetenant Colonell under his Majesties Armie of foote having served three yeares before as Lievetenant Colonell I sought of his Majestie as my due according to the custome then used that I might be made Colonell to Rees Regiment which his Majestie confessed openly to have been my due Neverthelesse on other considerations shewed by his Majest ie unto me I was contented to give way to his Majesties will whereupon his Majestie urged me to be Colonell to the Regiment I had commanded so long in absence of my Lord of Rhees seeing his Lordship had advertised his Majestie he was not to returne to his Charge As also he had sent his Warrant under his hand unto me to deale with his Majestie to get the Regiment being weake to be made up for my selfe but I being desirous to have commanded strangers the other Regiment being strong and ours very weake my intention was to have joyned them both in one seeing at that time his Majestie would not admit me to recrue the Regiment from Scotland but having given me Patent as Colonell his Majestie assigned a Muster-place for me in Schwabland from whence I was to receive moneys to strengthen my Regiment being then but seven Companies to twelve and before the next Summer I made them up to ten Companies His Majestie having the eighteenth of August 1632 placed me Colonell over the Regiment at which time Major Iohn Sinclaire was placed my Lievetenant Colonell and Captaine William Stewart was made Major The thirty-sixt Dutie discharged of the joyning of our Armie with the Succours and of our service at Nurenberg THE sixteenth of August the succours being come from Saxon Hessen and During brought up by the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke William of Wymar being come together at Ventzhame the eighteenth at Aiorach and Prugg and the twenty-one at Furt by foure of the Clocke in the morning they presented themselves in Battaile before Furt where did lie above a thousand Emperialists which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wymar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grosseroote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the lef t going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armiethus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier
wrought in the Trenches the Colonells were Recognosceing about the walls before their severall Postes Where at the first Colonell Fowle was shot through the thigh with a Musket who immediatly was sent to Ausburg to be cured Before night a second partie of Horse were sent forth for Intelligence lest any mis-fortune might befall the first partie whereby we might not be surprized by the Enemy being strong together at Minchen Spence his Regiment and mine were appointed to attend on the Generall at his Quarter my Lievetenant Colonell commanded the Guards on the Battery and the Trenches on our Quarter And the Generall Major Ruthven his Briggad being on the other Quarter next the water there grew a contrestation of vertue betwixt the Officers of both Briggads who should first with their approaches come to the wall but those of Ruthvens Briggad were forced notwithstanding of their diligence to yeeld the precedency unto us being older blades than themselves for in effect we were their Schoolemasters in Discipline as they could not but acknowledge So being they were trained up by us from Souldiers to be inferiour Officers and then for their preferments and advancement they went from us with our favours towards the Generall Major such as Captaine Gunne Lievetenant Brumfield Lievetenant Dumbarre Lievetenant Macboy Lievetenant Southerland Ensigne Denune and divers more which were preferred under Ruthvens Regiment till in the end they did strive in vertue to goe beyond their former Leaders Neverthelesse we kept ever that due correspondence together that where ever we did meet we were but one not without the envie of others This strife amongst us furthered so the victory that before the next morning from our Battery where Sinclaire did command there was a breach shot in the Skonce without the Towne as also from the Generall Major his Quarter there were two Officers of the enemies killed on the wall their Cannon dismounted and a great breach made in the wall So that the enemy perceiving he had two breaches to defend he tuck 't a Drumme desiring to parlé Which being granted the Accord went on and they were suffered to march out with their Armes seeing the Generall had intelligence their Armie was comming to releeve them he was glad to grant them any Conditions before he were forced to rise from the Towne by the Enemy being so neare for reliefe of it The enemy being marched out and convoyed away the Generall directed Generall Major Ruthven into the Towne with a strong partie of foote to beset all the Posts and then to take notice of all provision and goods that were in the Towne such as Corne Wine Artillery Amunition Horses and all other goods or cadducks in generall to be used at their pleasure Which being done the foote Armie were directed to their former Quarters to rest till further Orders The Horsemen were directed also to Quarters and then there were Quarters made in the Towne for the Generall and the Hoofstaffe as also for the Colonells of horse and foote during the Generall his further pleasure Diverse of our foote Souldiers were hurt on the Batteries and Trenches which got Quarters in the Towne being allowed to have Chirurgians to cure them And the Towne was incontinent beset againe with foure Companies of Colonell Hugh Hamilton his Regiment being new levied men out of Switzerland and his Major being an Irish-man commanded the men But another Dutch Major called Mountague was left to Command the Garrison Where those that entred first the Towne did make good bootie of horses and other goods But the most part was seazed upon by the Generall Persons taking the benefit unto themselves though not the paine Where we did first finde missing of our former Leader the invincible Gustavus who not onely respected Cavaliers of merit at such times but also was ready to reward them by his bountie allowing Cadducks unto them as he did unto Lievetenant Colonell Gunne The next day a partie of a thousand Horse with eight hundred Musketiers were commanded out toward Minchen to get intelligence of the Enemies designes getting Orders to fall into their Quarters if conveniently they could But beside their expectation the Enemy being together and in readinesse in a Wood unawares our partie was ingaged amongst them so that with difficultie having lost prisoners they were forced to retire and the Enemy getting intelligence that the Towne was given over to prevent us they continued their march towards Rhine on the Leacke to take it in in compensation of the losse of Lansberg The partie being retired and the Generall understanding the Dukes Army had marched on Rhine he brake up with our Armie and marched on the other side of the Leacke towards Ausburg And fearing the Skonce at Rhine and the bridge might be taken by the Enemy he did direct Captaine Iames Lyell with two hundred Musketiers as a supply to the Skonce being ordained at his comming thither to take the Command of the Skonce on him Who being come finding Colonell Wornbran there shewing his Orders he was made welcome by the Colonell being hard pressed by the Enemy and mightily afraid so that the Captaine had no difficultie in getting the command which he gladly accepted being more ambitious of credit than of gaines directly opposit to the Colonels humour The Armie having come in time for the reliefe our Horsemen were left on the side of the River next to Donavert except my Cosen Fowles his Regiment which marched over the Bridge with the Infantry being ordained the first nights watch to second the foot And immediatly after our over-going there were five hundred Musketiers of supply sent unto the Towne in despite of the Dukes Armie And then we begun to make up our Batteries and to run our lines of approach towards the Towne advancing our Redoubts and Batteries as our approaches were advanced The second night our Batteries being readie there were mutuall interchanges of Cannonading amongst us where Ensigne Murray was shot dead with the Cannon his thigh bone being broken who was much lamented being a daintie Souldier and expert full of courage to his very end On Sunday in the afternoone the Enemy having heard certaintie of his Maiesties death they drew up their whole Armie Horse Foote and Cannon before the Towne and rejoycing at the Newes they gave three salves of Cannou Musket and Pistoll Which we not understanding made us admire the more Neverthelesse the Generall resolved to get some prisoners of them to cause to make an out-fall the next morning and to that effect five hundred Commanded Musketiers were sent under the Command of Lievetenant Colonell Lesly who had Orders to fall out before day upon the Enemy Which he did and beating them from their Posts there were above threescore killed and thirtie taken prisoners which revealed the reason of their salve As also by them it was found the Armie had been broken up at midnight and crossed the Danube having made over a Ship-bridge thinking with expedition to haste unto
with booty After his Majesties death we see the alteration of time did give greater advantage unto our enemies for while as our Army lay idle the whole winter at Ausburg the enemy was gathering his forces and we losing time neglected our duty having lost our Head and Leader when we ought rather to have followed our enemies with fire sword spoile and slaughter till we had subdued them than to have suffered the enemy before our noses to have taken from us that which we by his Majesties good conduct had conquered before So that we see it is vicissitude that maintaines the world and as one scale is not alwayes in depression nor the other lifted ever higher even so like unto the alternate wave of the Beame we were at this time with both our Armies kept ever in the play of motion The fourty-two Duty of our March through Schwabland under the Alpes to our Leaguer at Donavert being the end of my Expedition with the Regiment HAving joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme we crossed the Danube and quartered over-night in the Earldome of Kirkberg being Generall Major Ruthven his lands disposed unto him by his Majesty for good service and hearing the enemies Army were at Memming within six miles of us we advanced the next morning towards them with a resolution to beate them backe unto Bavier being almost equall with them in Strength we continued our march with extreme cold till the second night that we quartered in a great Dorpe a mile from the enemy so that in the night fire entring in our quarter with difficulty we saved our Amunition and Artillery having lost many Horses and the most part of the Armies Baggage Notwistanding whereof we marched the next day towards Memming and before our coming the enemy having strongly beset the Towne he marched away two miles from the Towne thinking to ingage us with the Towne that he might returne againe with advantage to releeve it seeing we had not time to intrench our selves he being then so neere But we finde at our coming the enemy was gone we drew up in battaile within reach of Cannon to the Towne where they saluted us with Cannon till it drew neere night and then leaving strong watches before the Towne for feare of out-falling laying our watches to keepe them in we quartred over-night in Dorps attending the up coming of our Baggage being scarce of victualls and without forrage but such as we brought with us The next morning our baggage being come and hearing the enemy was within two miles of us leaving a strong hinder-halt to keepe in the Garrison we marched with the rest of the Army after the enemy where before night our fore-troopes did skirmish together and we having the best of it the enemy was forced to leave a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers making the rest of his Army to march away unto a passe beside Kempten being a strong streight Passe the country being streight and hilly full of woods very commodious for Ambuscadoes so that we could not march to them but in order of Battaile our fore-troopes of horse and Dragoniers advancing softly on the enemy being forced to recognize still before them till at last they charged their horse-watches which being beaten by ours we did get three Cornets from them where incontinent Major Sidsersse with Ramseys Musketiers fell on their Dragoniers and skirmished with them till they were forced to retire and being darke our Army having set out their horse and foote watches before them they stoode the whole night in battaile till it was day and the enemy being gone in the night the way thwart and deepe some of his Cannon being left behinde were buried burning their Carriages with their waggons as they did breake making them unprofitable for us We continued our march in the morning minding to attrap them so that by midday they having turned their Cannon on the Passe towards us they forced our Army to stand without reach of their Cannon trying on both hands of the Passe to win through but in vaine seeing there was no passage neere hand but at that one place where we did cannonade one against another for two dayes till the enemy retired their Cannon wiâ—hin Kempten and the rest of their Army unto Bavier having crost both the Leake and the Eler againe The enemy being gone we retired for want of victualls and forrage the country being spoyled we were forced to over-see the beleaguering of Memming for that time passing by it towards Mendelheim where we rested two dayes and then marched on Kauffbier where in two dayes we forced the Garrison to a composition being content to march away without Armes getting a Convoy to Landsberg on the Leake The weather being extremely cold under the snowy Alpes we refreshed our Army three dayes at Kauffbier and the fourth day marched towards the Eler where the water being small we made a bridge of our small Cannon with their Carrage being placed two and two alongst the River at an equall distance of eight foote asunder where we layd over Deales betwixt the Cannon passing over our whole Infantry alongst the bridge which being past and the Deales taken off the horses spanned before the Cannon led them away after the Army And quartering that night in the fields the next morning we beleaguered Kempten Having battered hard for three dayes to gether with Cannon at last the breach being made and the Towne almost brought to an Accord having lost divers Souldiers and Officers before it hearing the Duke of Bavier his Army was crost the Leake againe at Landsberg having gotten a strong supply and being made certaine they were to march unto the Duke of Vertenbergs Land the Felt-marshall after great paines taken was forced to quit Kempten and to march with the Army to be before them in Vertenberg The Dukes Army on their march by the way tooke in a Castle besides Koffbier where Captaine Bruntfield and Quarter-master Sandelens were taken Prisoners and were sent to be kept at Lindaw As also in their by-going they tooke in Koffbier and continued their march alongst the Eler till they crossed with their Army at Brandenburg we lying that night with our Army within a mile of them The next day we strived who might passe the Danube first for going to Vertenberg where it was our Fottune to get betwixt them and the passe having line at Monderkine while as they had crossed a mile below us on the River Which when we understood by our intelligence of their being so neere incontinent the Felt-marshall caused our Arâ—illery and foote to march over in the night so that before day our Army advanced towards the Passe leaving Dragoniers behinde us to burne and to cast off the Bridge But the Bridge was no sooner set on fire but the enemies fore-troopes did drive our Dragoniers after us they coming up full Squadrons of horse and foote driving up our Reare consisting of three Regiments of horse Colonell Daggenfield
greatest enemies for the memorie of injuries received is ever more recent in the Actor than in the patient and is also more difficult to be reconciled as oft times experience doth prove Therefore I would advise my friend not to suffer injurie if he can if injurie be done him not to passe it over for flatterie lest in accepting of a slight satisfaction he should injure himselfe more than the other did But by the contrary I would advise himtimely to repaire himselfe that he may preserve the former dignity Likewise the greater our injuries received are the greater they commove us the more ought our wit to moderate our revenge seeing to moderate our selves and to overcome our desires is the greatest prayse wee can have being revenged Yet injuries doe ever sticke neerer unto us then the remembrance of benefits received for in remembring of benefits wee ascribe the good to our owne merits flattering our selves but on the contrary remembring our injuries received we call them to minde a great deale more cruelly than they were done without moderation I must then advise my friend that he not only prevent the deede of his enemy but also his counsells lest they bring detriment upon him for he ought to be a like with the offer of an injury being a Cavalier and with the intention as if the deede had followed The offering then of a stroke may be repaired with a sword the giving of a lie is repaired with a blow words not tending to disgrace are repaired with words againe the losse of goods is restored by restitution with circumstances convenient and to quarrell for a light occasion is want of understanding especially with thy betters in esteeme For there should be had respect of persons of times and of circumstances observed before a man should quarrell and having once quarrelled I would advise my friend not to be put backe without honourable satisfaction or at least great hazard not coming unto the fields for the first bout or bloud and then to returne with disgrace unthought of by thy selfe though much by others as I have knowne Cavaliers doe XXI In Battaile fighting with the enemy at the first be very slow against a fierce enemie that the enemy being weary your strength fresh and a little succours joyned unto you the enemy is soone beaten and having once begun warre follow it with sword fire spoile slaughter till the streets be full a Rover should never be a Rewer so long as his hands are unto it and you should never give time to the enemy to joyne forces but pursue them ever as they come never neglecting an enemy though he be weake but still keepe a good reserve by your selfe and pursue by parties supplying your owne as they neede and timely and without doubt you shall gaine honour and credit XXII Trust never thy selfe rashly to a reconciled enemy without pledges first had for keeping good peace and being desirous to possesse any thing belonging to thy enemy thou hast neede to use rather diligence then delay that thou mayest catch them unawares as Gustavus did Frankfurt on the Oder And nothing is more to be suspected then a neere enemy which Lansberg did finde after the taking of Franckfurt and nothing is more cruell then a Barbarous enemy as was found by our Regiment at Newbrandenburg and thereafter by our Camerades at Magdeburg XXIII Warres may be taken on by the counsell of sluggards but they must be sustained with the labour and danger of the most valiant as was well seene after Gustavus the invincibles death It was not the Princes confederats or their Consilium was able to doe the turne whose reward to Cavaliers was but paper As their reward was naught so their Consilium turned to nothing and which was worse to contempt except the Director alone who as yet hath kept life in the cause though without their means or assistance and which is more honourable for him he maintaines the warre against them who unworthily have broken their oathes and fidelity having turned their Armes against those who formerly had releeved them to their perpetuall disgrace shame and ignominy having scorned men that had merited well in offering to reward them with paper their punishment is that for their infamy their names shall rot in oblivion Nam ubi orta est culpa ibi poena consistit XXIIII All things here being but humane are unstable and unconstant so that there is nothing sure except true piety and we see our lives bring many things forth contrary to our expectation so that the condition of our humane life containes the first and the last day For it is much to be look't unto with what lucke we did begin and with what we ended We judge him then happy who did receive the light happily and happened to restore it againe pleasantly which that we may doe I humbly crave of God Almighty A short observation of Jntelligence necessary for a Commander COnshaft or Intelligence in an Army is so necessary that without it no direction can be given with assurance without it we cannot discerne betwixt our friends and our enemies who are with us or against us which is the first point a Commander hath to know comming in an enemies country Next he ought to know the strength of his enemies Army foote and horse that he may the better dispose of his owne he ought also to know how his enemy is quartred in Garrison Leaguer Field or Dorpe and what watch they keepe in all those parts And how farre their horsmen doe lie from their foote and how guarded To have certainty of all this he must have some secret friend with the enemy for giving him secret intelligence and that he should not trust too much in one he must have a subtill Boore now and then frequenting without suspition amongst them as ordinarily his Majesty of worthy memory had likewise it were needfull that they deboished some Secretary on their side for getting the Lists of their Strengths Officers and Souldiers as also for their qualities that he might the better dispose himselfe against them in directing private parties on the wayes they travell to get prisoners and failing thereof to fall on their watch or within their quarters He ought also on all marches to have a knowne Boore with him to acquaint him with all passes or straights on which the enemy can repare to him or from him conferring his land mappe with the Boores intelligence which betime would enable him in knowing all the Passes Likewise he ought to have intelligence out of the enemies Leaguer how they were provided of victualls Amunition or forrage and of their healths if there were any infections amongst them or what sport or recreation they used without their quarters and what streetes they goe on and how they are conveyed striving still to get prisoners for the better intelligence how their Amunition is kept and with what Guards that if it were possible accident all fire might be
the other by advantage of the ground may receive them with full Battailes of horse and foote the one to second the other and this advantage Gustavus Horne did get of the Emperialists while as he retired before them unto Vertenberg-land in March 1633. the enemy not being able to pursue our Armie but with great disadvantage which freed us of them for that time he being stronger than we and afterward the Rhinegraves Forces come from Alsas being joyned with us we made the Emperialists againe retire over the Danube unto Schwaland at the passe of Munderken where we came within Cannon-shot yet they getting the passe retired in safetie as they did another time from us out of Schwabland unto Bierland having got the passe before us at Kempten and afterward over the Eler in Schwabland having I say got the passe before us they were safe and we frustrate So that the advantage of ground is of great importance in warres as I have often knowne by experience especially before the Hill at Nurenberg Likewise a wise Commander being defender must observe all Circumstances as he did in pursuing for his owne safetie he must also being defender beset well all passes and frontier Garrisons whereupon the enemie must passe to come unto him having timely recognosced the same that it may either be beset by him or otherwise being found more advantagious for the enemie it would then be timely demolished As also your enemies Armie or strong partie being drawne up in the field you are to recognosce both his strength and order by the sight of your eye before you intend to pursue him where you are to consider how he can advance to you or you to him without disorder but doe you never pursue except with advantage though you shall be deemed by others to be remisse but rather suffer him to be gone than to take the disadvantage of pursute since time will alter any thing and he that preserves an Armie will doubtlesse finde a convenient time to fight And it had beene good for the Evangelists in Dutchland that this point had beene more wisely lookt unto at Nerling than it was for they might have saved their Armie and Countrey both had they not presumed with disadvantage in their owne strength and courage where GOD the disposer of hearts made their pride suffer a great fall A short Observation to be observed in Garrison ENtering the place before all things you are to visit the Posts and being duely recognosced the round or circuit should be measured and then the Posts to be dealt proportionably according to the severall strengths that no man have just cause to complaine The posts then orderâ—y and well beset there should be orders given for by-watch or reserve where to stand in readinesse whether on the Market-place or some other convenient part having sufficient Officers ever to command them who must be kept to strictnesse of dutie lest they should be to seeke when honour were to be maintained while as on Alarum they were to repaire to poste street or wall to resist the enemie and to succourse the weaknesse of any accident might befall by pursute or fire or to resist enemies within or without being as well on continuall Guard against the Inhabitants in case of uproares or treacherie as against their outward enemies since no enemy is so dangerous as the inward enemy being least suspected Likewise the Governour or Commandant ought to observe and keepe a due proportion in all commandements given either for workes service watches or parties that no man might justly complaine that there is more dutie layd on him than on his neighbour but according to proportion of strength The keyes of the Ports and of all sorting doores and prisons are to be brought in and out by the Captaine of the maine Watch to the Governour and the Captaine of the Watch is to appoint Guards to stand at the draw-bridges Portcullis and sorting Ports and he is obliged to bring all intelligence himselfe unto the Governour and never to open a doore night or day without a sufficient Guard by him with the Limits past for feare he might be surprised and the whole Gartison in danger Also the Governour is to give Orders at night whether every man must resort with their Armes in case of Alarum and the Towne being divided both Burgers and Souldiers should know their Posts they are to repaire to from the Alarum place And to supply the defects of the fortifications the Towne should be divided into equall deales to worke their day about with all materialls needfull for repayring the defects that there be nothing to mend when they ought to fight and to that effect Officers should be appointed by the Governour to over-see the workes that things may be the better done and the Governour must often visit all himselfe taking reckoning what is done every day till all be put in good order The Governour ought to have a Register of all inquartering that he may the better be made acquainted by the Burgers of every mans behaviour for keeping good order He ought also to have account of all victualls in their store-houses both of Corne and all other furniture and of all Caducks within the Garrison and the out-setting of all safeguards belongs unto him as his due He ought to suffer no man to make commoditie without his knowledge but all to put in to him that he may the better maintaine his state and entertaine strangers seeing he ought to be a good fellow and a common receipt for commers and goers otherwise he will faile to be thought of and he must give orders to the Captaine of the watch that no man come or goe without his knowledge under paine of punishment and the Captaine of the watch should direct those that enter the Citie having seene their passes with a Convoy and an Officer by night or by day unto the Governour to be inquired of at his pleasure The Governour as he ought to give out the word so he ought to see all Parads at the ordinary time they goe to watch where comming off againe they ought to repaire to the Parad-place and draw up orderly before they lodge their Colours and the Governour is obliged to visit the Posts and to goe the round himselfe and to make the rest goe the rounds orderly after him Likewise it is his due to command out all parties being first drawne up on the Parad-place seeing them to be provided of Amunition and of all necessaries before their parting giving strict orders that at their returnes all bootie be brought orderly before him and nothing to be put out of the way or aside on the paine of punishing the Officer that commanded the partie and the goods being knowne they are to be confiscated to the Governour seeing all bootie ought to be distributed at his discretion and in dividing the Quarters the Governour ought to have allowed him some free houses to contribute to his Kitchen as also some houses
bullet would not at my desire retire but slighting his wound stayed on service till he was shot dead in the head David Monro Ensigne being shot through the body above the left pappe went a little aside till he was drest and returned againe to his Station keeping his Colours in his hand till night before the enemy never fainting with his wound an example of rare courage and of great strength of bodie neither did he ever thereafter keepe bed or lodging one houre more than ordinary for all this hurt Here also I did observe that the former distractions amongst the Officers of the Regiment were taken away having been companions of equall danger against their enemies made them love one another the better ever after for Captaine Iohn Monro helped Lievetenant colonell Seaton being shot to his horse having on the march two dayes before fallen horribly out which verifies the Scots Proverbe Dogges will part Swine and make them agree amongst themselves We see oft-times that those that are feeblest themselves are most ready to speake Derogatively of others Here I might inferre divers instances yet I will inferre and onely point for the present a little at those unluckie dispositions that cannot endure any but themselves to be well thought of for if one be justly praised or advanced in recompence of his vertue they will presently dismount his vertues and stabbe him to the heart obnubilating his brightest glory with a Butt of Detraction bred of envie nastie indeficient minds devising spots where they find them not a base office to make his tongue whip a worthy man If I knew vice in another I would nobly shew my charitie in concealing it if he be absent if present I would not flatter for the valiant man his tongue is ever the greatest coward in absence for it is not good to deprave the fame of the absent with a viperous Tongue Therefore my advice were to thee in such a case to doe like the wise man to learne somewhat by thine enemies outrage as King Philip of Macedon learned well the lesson who many times thanked his enemies for their outrage which made him afterwards the more wise more circumspect and more setled for nothing gives a man more good experience than warres lawes love and detraction And for Detraction thou oughtest to be so wise if thou be made the marke for Calumniators to shoot at let them shoot as they please I would be hard they should not pierce me Being armed with a good Conscience we should not care for their shooting for though it sometime take root in the eares of some hearers yet thy comfort should be that one day he shall kill himselfe soone or late as the poysonable birth kils the mother and such fellows should be punished as theeves seeing the one bereaves men but of their substance but the other bereaves them of life and death and of their dearest friends also And he should be holden as such a one himselfe till he brought his evidence as the custome was of old and for my selfe I never found better remedie against them than to disdaine them as coming about the eares of a deafe man that did not heare them and this I found to be the best bridle to curbe their tongues for in the end he would hold his peace and turne his tongue another way but I must confesse the tongue of a Calumniatour hath sometimes offended me and grieved me much but they profited me in making me the more circumspect and diligent in thinking on all circumstances that might conserve my credit and reputation to be avenged on them And with the Proverbe which I know to be true I will conclude this point things that grieve us should lead us to repentance seeing that which destroyes instructs and God oft-times cleanses the inward man by the outward by the contrary course leading us to our wished for Harbour for there is no such great discommoditie but brings commoditie with it for those that are stinged by Scorpions though at first it be very dangerous yet at last the hurt being cured by convenient remedies it brings fruit with advantage as experience hath taught neither Flie Bee nor Wasp can harme those thus cured To conclude then this point of Detraction men should be circumspect what to determine of other mens actions being on service for I am of the opinion that in time of hot service no man doth remember the halfe of his other actions much lesse to remarke the actions of others except some circumstances which he may remember Therefore we should be loath unnecessarily to bring our selves in question in speaking evill of others for commonly at such times cowards or feeble men that are not in action themselves see more than others that are better employed yet the feeble man is ever readiest to detract for to prevent his owne insufficiency too well knowne to others But after this dayes service our detractions and distractions also were almost taken away being companions of the like danger against our enemies And I inferred this discourse of detraction by reason that at such service commonly men doe speake as they doe favour or rather as their envie carries them which fault as being too much in use in all estates especially amongst Souldiers I would wish from my heart that it might be eschewed Here also I observed that want of circumspection in command especially over young Souldiers as we had to command doe many times cause great inconveniences to follow as was seen in the blowing up of our powder whereby our Colonell was burnt in the face and many more Here I might speake somewhat of the hurt and inconveniency that doth happen many times by Cannon and powder but I will referre it to a fitter place to be spoken of Likewise I cannot here omit to speake somewhat of the resolution of some particular Souldiers that were hurt on this service Hector Monro of Cool being shot through one of his feet was desired to goe off who answered it was not time till first he had emptied his Bandeliers against his enemies before which time he was shot through the other foot also and then was not able to come off alone without helpe of others and some of his Camerades which helpt him off going farther with him than he thought needfull for his safetie or their credit he wished them to retire and discharge their duties against the enemy as they had sufficiently done towards him Hugh Murrey being desired in time of hot service to goe and take off his brother being killed he lacking powder said going towards his dead brother I will first emptie my brothers Bandeliers as I have done mine owne to be revenged on his enemies before I take him off in the meane time he was shot in the eye himselfe and that wondrous favourably the Bullet some few dayes after having come forth at his nose which is most true though seeming incredible This day also I observed an ill custome too common to
as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangne treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Casar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Iudas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 56 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and had already possessed the whole Bulworke and shipping with their horse I asking my Colonells leave drew our whole Colours in front and our Pikes charged after them our musketiers drawne up in our reare by divisions fortifying our reare in case the Enemy should assault us in our Reare and then I advanced with our Colours alongst the peere our Pikes charged we cleered the Peere of the Horsemen suffring them to save themselves from drowning where they found the Channell most shallow and advancing thus to the end of the Peere we seazed upon one ship with
though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her baninished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokē but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning
this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged The Major being killed I having discharged the duty in his absence by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour I had Patent given me under his Majesties hand and Seale as Major to the Regiment as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad being vacant through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh was also disposed unto me and orders were given unto the Commissary that mustred us according to my Patent to place me as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment which all duely obeyed by the Commissary the Drummer Major accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment being commanded beate a bancke in head of the Regiment The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand makes a speech signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand as the Colonell did Lievetenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment wishing me joy with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska which ceremony ended the Regiment marched off by companies unto their severall quarters as before The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters the Officers were appointed the next day to meete at the Colonells quarter to receive money and to understand further of the Colonells resolution concerning the standing of the Regiment At their returne the next day they received two monthes pay for the Officers and one moneths pay for the Soldateska with promise of winter clothes But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle clad themselves honestly which made them want commisse clothes Yet none of us could say but we served a liberall and a bountifull Master the money first payed by the Commissaries they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regiment whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie which they needed not to use getting willingly from the Boores both meate and mony with some clothes Neverthelesse there were alwayes amongst the one and the other some churlish Rascalls that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money for discharging his duety for neither Officer nor Souldier escaped due punishment that was once complained on untill such time as his Majestie was satisfied with justice and the party offended Thus continuing in our duety the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland and for the most part the Captaines went themselves leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe did go unto Holland I being left to command the Regiment the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey Captaine Annane Captaine Monro of Obstell Captaine Forbesse Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Iohn Monro and Lievetenant Robert Stewart the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring for leavying a company also They being gone I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resident at Odensee in Funeland who immediatly after their going away commanded me to take my quarters in Assens where we kept our watch seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse who should give out the orders in the Garrison which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison three or foure on each side were killed To prevent this disorder the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre the businesse considered the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens and the command of the Garrison was given unto me Notwithstanding whereof our camity with the horsemen did continue a long time till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment so that by that time the coldnesse removed we lived at more quiet during my being there which was not long The eighth Observation FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army nor with the losse of the halfe of his country but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country and good of his Subjects he with expedition drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity As also to encourage his Subjects that through feare were on the flight by water unto other Nations carrying their substance with them feare comming unawares having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade fame dispersing the rumours of the losse much worse then it was the people were so afraid and so fearefull that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde no not their sleepe they trembled at the present miseries that might but come they were anticipated in a more horrid habit then any enemy could put them unto meeting with evill before it came making things but probable as certaine as when one may sit even in a boate he is in no danger yet through feare stirring he may drowne himselfe and others as we see often in battell that the valiant man constantly keeping his ranke doth live when as the feeble coward by stooping thinking to save his life he loses it when the brave soule knowes no trembling Caesar spake like Caesar when he bad the Marriners feare nothing And this invincible and Magnanimous King though ruffled by Caesar yet he encourages his subjects by exhorting them to feare nothing going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers he being the first many times ingaged and the last coming off casting as it were through his valour a kinde of honour upon God believing in his goodnesse casting himselfe in danger trusting and confiding in his care onely Not like an unworthy coward that eclipses his sufficiency unworthily doubting that God will bring him off unjustly accusing God his power or his will making himselfe his owne Saviour he becomes his owne confounder But this magnanimous King setting his care upon God and using the lawfull meanes for his country and kingdomes preservation winning the love of God and of his subjects establisheth himselfe and his Throne in despight of his enemies Here also I have observed that good service done to a noble and liberall Master as this King was cannot be without reward Therefore let the servant deserve and the Master will recompence if he be such a just Master as we served where both loved each others for their generous worthinesse Who ever then is a servant if he suppose his lot hard let him
service went on afresh where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lumsdell in absence of their owne Officers being then all under cure there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers and the Lievetenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring desired him to stay a little and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not The Colonell perceiving him to jeere shooke his head and went away in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee retired softly from his enemy keeping faces towards them with credit till he was safe within workes And then made ready for his march towards Wolgast to finde his Majestie of Denmarke The nineteenth Observation HEre we see that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the protection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour following the example of Iustinian the Emperour to put his authoritie in practize He commanded out a partie and was obeyed by those he commanded which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully where they serve without spot or blemish that in the end they may expect so great a reward from so great a Master as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country-man being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison though a stranger before his Majesties owne Country-men where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines before the Armie should fight and his Captaine returning victorious he I say tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune in beating of Darius his Armle Tacitus saith also that the Germanes were wont to fight and try their valour first after this manner by parties for presages of greater service to follow And we finde that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge King of Epirus did fight many Combats himselfe for to give good presages of future victories whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Country being in all his time beyond apprehension happily excellent To conclude then this observation here we may see the bene fit of good order where those that were in great danger are happily preferved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes to rescue their friends from danger to the great prayse of that noble Sparke Captaine Mac-Kenyee being full of worth as the purest orientall Diamond shining amongst the greatest Stones who did scorne to turne face from his enemies but retired orderly offending his enemy in defending his friends till both he and they were returned with credit though with losse for where order is kept as in this retreate was done by that noble Sparke all things flourish and thrive and I wish from my heart he had followed his profession for though he be honourable enough as he â—s none can blame me for wishing him better he having once commanded me and shall still while I live The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast and of their Retreate unto Denmarke HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trailsound unto the King of Sweden immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour And being come to Wolgast his Majestie did recall the remainder of our Regiment from Trailesound who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men besides Officers the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee in the absence of his Superiours he continued his March towards Wolgast where they joyned with his Majesties Armie being no sooner arrived they were instantly commanded on service The enemy having falne strong against his Majestie he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance and playd on the Kings battell till his Majestie perceiving the danger not being bastant to resist the enemy retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard fearing much to be surprized or taken he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to coÌ„mand the whole Scots that were there and divers others and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports till his Majestie were retired and then to make his retreate over the Bridge and to set it on fire which the Captaine did orderly obey doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres not without great danger of the Captaine and his followers where the Bridge once burning he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder and notwithstanding was brought off and miraculously cured The Regiment thus shipped they met with their Colonell being come from Scotland with the Recreut who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke and were mustered The twentieth Observation IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men and of the remnant escaped both of Officers and Souldiers I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably in defence of the good cause Who will then say but that bloud was better lost than kept when it returnes with advantage having brought eredit to themselves and Countrey Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie Let none then I say bedew their eyes for them we left behinde us seeing the gaine is equall to the losse if not more for them we had we knew were not alwayes to stay yet what we have gained is permanent and eternall those we lost I confesse we loved yet that love ought not to be so violent as to undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand
Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Inly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and then with interchange of Cannon-Bullets till it begun to grow darke that he retired his Cannon to the body of his Armie having lyen all night in Battaile without being intrencht though strongly fortified without him with strong Guards both of horse and foote having his Crabbats and Dragoniers without them againe His Majestie having commanded out strong Horse-guards to watch without the Leaguer I was commanded as least worthy of a thousand that night to watch without the Leaguer with five hundred commanded Musketiers which were ordained to lye in readinesse betwixt the enemies Armie and the Leaguer almost a Cannon-shot from our workes getting orders from his Majestie himselfe how I should keepe good watch and how to behave my selfe in case of the enemies pursute and being come the length of the ground appointed for me to watch on having consolidated the body of my Musketiers in the safest ground I could finde for them to stand on their Armes rested and in readinesse First I caused set out my Perdues without my other Centries not trusting the giving of an Alarum altogether to our horse Centries and then to the end the enemy might not surprize us being sleeping I ordained the halfe of our Musketiers to stand for two houres in readinesse till the Centries were relieved and then I suffered the other halfe to rest them so long as the other did before and thus orderly wee past over the nights watch having had sundry naughtie Alarums in the night without continuance Our dutie was to be the more strict having received command of his Majestie not to quit that ground except the enemy by greatnesse of strength would beate me from it and then I should retire orderly skirmishing with the enemy our faces to them still and our Armes giving fire on them till we came under our walles so that by that meanes the Leaguer would get time to be in readinesse to receive them By the breake of day friend to valour and courage the enemies Horse-guards begun to skirmish with ours who being stronger made our Horsemen to give ground the Commander of the Watch sent to me for a supply of fiftie Musketiers which I accordingly did send with a Lievetenant giving him charge how to behave himselfe who having a little skirmished with the enemies Dragoniers and Horsemen was made to give ground also and having commanded out a Captaine with fiftie Musketiers more he was also repulsed I wondring at their carriage advanced to recognosce the bounds they were on and spying an advantage of ground I tooke out a hundred Musketiers giving a Captaine charge to remaine by the remnant of my Musketiers and putting a hedge betwixt us and the enemy we advanced till we were in even line with them and then giving a Salve amongst them incontinent we made the enemy retire so that our Horsemen did advance to their former stations His Majestie having heard the service ordained the Armie should be in readinesse and coming forth from the Leaguer accompanied with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish and Baron Tyvell where his Majestie begun to enquire of me how all passed which accordingly I related But though his Majestie was pleased yet he checked me for leaving of the Reserve to another when I went on service which I confesse was more suddenly done than wisely and ever after I promised to his Majestie to avoide the like over-sight though it succeeded well His Majestie incontinent since they had tryed his guards he would also try in earnest what for Officers and Souldiers they did command and to that effect his Majestie sent Orders to the Leaguer to command out eight hundred Horsemen of Hagapells and a thousand Musketiers with foure small Field-pieces of Cannon with the five hundred Musketiers I commanded on the Poste which all being set in order his Majestie directed the Colonell of his Leefe Regiment Here Tyvell to leade on the foote towards a Dorpe that lay neere the enemies Armie and his Majestie with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish commanded the Horse taking the Cannon along with them and comming neare the enemies Guards consisting of a thousand Currassiers having given fire with the Cannon amongst them they charged furiously with the Horse in middest of the enemy and putting them in disorder they cut them downe from their Horses as they retired at the spurres being still followed unto the body of their Armie And our Musketiers falling up alike discharging amongst them the enemy at first in great feare was almost put in confusion the most part of their Horsemen being abroad on Forrage their Guards did stand to their Armes till the Armie was drawne in Battaile and their Horse spanned or put before their Cannon during which time our Souldiers continued in giving fire amongst them till his Majestie did give orders for our Retreate which we softly made giving now and then faces about skirmishing with Cannon and Musket and then retiring againe orderly being pressed thereto by their Cannon giving fire after us and their Horsemen calling up ours in our Reare till at last we being retired the length of my Poste our Cannon being able to reach them they were made to make a stand and I was ordained with my Musketiers to remain on our former Poste his Majestie and the rest of the partie being retired within the Leaguer Incontinent from our Batteries our Cannon did play againe within the Leaguer which continued the whole day doing great hurt on both sides where the whole time I with my partie did lie on our Poste as betwixt the Devill and the deepe Sea for sometimes our owne Cannon would light short and grase over us and so did the enemies also where we had three shot with the Cannon till I directed an Officer to our owne Batteries acquainting them with our hurt and desiring they should stell or plant their Cannon higher In the morning also we lost on the skirmish thirteene Souldiers besides
in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that scarce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Except the LORD watch the watch-man watchethin vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindow under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that were made Earles by the Emperour from Marchants having turn'd Souldiers to serve his Emperiall Majestie which Graveshaft or Earledome could pay yearely beside Contribution to the warres ten thousand Rex-Dollers being a good augmentation of pay for an old servant who had served long and valourously without the least blot of discredit and retired bravely with meanes and credit to his Country carrying the markes of his valour in his body being above the waste full of tokens of valour credibly gotten in his Masters service for as he was couragious before his enemy he was also fortunate in his Conduct in obtaining victory beyond his fellowes and being often singled out man to man to make his courage the more undoubted he alwayes gave testimony in this kinde of his valour answerable to the externall shew and hansome frame of his body being in personage inferiour to no man for strength and comely stature His Majesty continuing his March towards Engolstat coming within sight of the Towne he drew his Armie in Battaile horse foote and Artillery where we stood the whole night at Armes The next day drawing neerer to the enemies Armie being incamped before us Ex opposito on the other side of the Danube ready to second the Towne on all occasions which his Majestie considering gave order to draw out our Leaguer and to set men to worke after we were quartered where for our welcome the enemy from the Towne did salute us furiously with Cannon so that at first the head was shot from the young Markgrave of Baden and his Majestie recognosceing the legge was shot from his Horse divers others were also here lamed by the Cannon The night drawing on his Majestie expecting a strong out-fall from the Towne their Armie being so neere our Briggad according to custome was commanded to march and to stand the whole night in Armes on a razed Champaigne under mercie of Cannon and musket being ordained in case of the enemies out-fall by fighting to hold them up till our Armie might be in readinesse to relieve us being in Aprill though the aire was cold the service being hot sundrie were taken away in full rancks with the Cannon being in no action our selves but standing ready to maintaine our ground in case the enemie should pursue us which to my minde was the longest night in the yeare though in Aprill for at one shot I lost twelvemen of my owne Companie not knowing what became of them being all taken alike with the Cannon and he that was not this night in this stand afraid of a Cannon bullet might in my opinion the next night be made gunpowder of without paine and who would sweare he was not afrighted for a shot I would not trust him againe though he spake truth His Majestie in the beginning of the night commanded a thousand Swedens being Musketiers led by sufficient Officers in his Majesties owne presence to fall on the Skonce before the bridge which was beset with fifteene hundred foote and five hundred horse lying open on the side that lay next the Towne that if the enemie should storme and enter he might be clensed outagaine with Cannon and musket from the Towne wall notwithstanding whereof the Swedens bravely advanced even to the graffe being ready to storme they were plagued with the musket and with fire-workes that leaving three hundred men killed about the Skonce they were forced to retire the enemy continuing a thunder-clap of Muskets for one halfe houre till they were fully retired His Majestic finding nothing could be effectuate in this manner retired with the Musketiers leaving us and our Briggad in the former stand to attend the enemies out-coming
finding us alwayes ready on our Guards attending their nightly comming our outward watches being a mile from us so farre as Furt on the side of the River having also Perdues a foote without the Leaguer our Centries on the walles at Batteries Colours and Corp-du-guards so that it was hard to surprize us But the greatest hurt they did us was by their Crabbats while as our servants and horses went forth to forrage for in one day for my part I lost three of my servants and five of my best horses But in th' end our forrage grew so scarce that many did quit their horses for want of entertainment Neverthelesse twice every weeke strong parties of hor se with strong Convoyes of Musketiers were sent forth to bring in forrage where it was my fortune to have bin oft commanded with the foote little skirmishes we had without great hurt being alwayes in hope of reliefe in neede Neverthelesse whatsoever streete we went out on their Garrisons were still ready to snap some or other amongst us on our wings and then away they went unto their Strengths sometimes they came from Forchem sometimes from Buche and sometimes from Rottenburg so that alwayes some Devilish Garrison or other snatched at us aside though they durst not draw neere our bodies neither could the enemy know on what quarter we went forth on and if they knew sure that quarter we went out on was beset by Ambuscades of our people to attend them in case they should fall in betwixt us On the twenty-eight of Iuly his Majestie had commanded out Colonell Dowbattle with some Troopes of Horse and some Dragoniers towards Furstat in the upper Paltz which lay but two miles from Newmarck where the Emperiall Army had their Magazin-house for their Victualls and Amunition which was beset with five hundred Souldiers Dowbattle the thirtieth of Iuly coming before it ere it was day he divided incontinent his folkes in two Deales putting the one halfe to the over doore or Port and the other halfe to the other Port the over Port made up with a Pittard the Swedens entring they gave fire and at their entry they killed the Lievetenant Colonell Revenheller being one of their owne thinking he was an enemy being shot in the shoulder he died shortly after at Nurenberg All the Emperiall Garrison was almost cut off the Proviant waggons were plundered and the Towne was burnt having brought foure hundred Oxen that were both great and fat unto Nurenberg His Majestie immediatly after Colonell Dowbattle was marched followed with a partie of a thousand Musketiers and some eight hundred Horse towards Bergthane on the Dorpes thinking if the enemy got intelligence of Dowbattles march they would set after him And therefore to make his Retreate good his Majestie went towards Bosbowre At the same time Generall Major Sparre with eight hundred horse twenty Cornets of Crabats and five hundred Musketiers commanded by Lievetenant Colonell Gordon and Major Lesly which partie of the enemy had an enterprise on Lawffe to take it in for hindring us from Forrage having no doore open to goe out on but that onely and having met with his Majestie in the fields his Majestie most Heroickly charged them and killed many with the first charge Generall Major Sparre kept himselfe by Colleredo his Horsemen and the foote were commanded by Gordon and Lesly two Scots Cavaliers who then serving the Emperour did behave themselves valiantly for a time as I did heare his Majestie of Sweden give testimony of their valour alleaging if the Emperours Horsemen had behaved themselves like the foote his Majestie had not returned victorious for Sparre intending to have broken through his Majesties Horses the Crabats having runne away the rest of the Emperiall horsemen were overcome and then most part of their foote were cut downe Generall Major Sparre was taken prisoner with Gordon and Lesly and were brought all three unto Nurenberg with three Cornets In obtaining this victory Colonell Ree was kill'd his Majestie after his death being forced to light from his Horse and command the Musketiers having skirmished well for an houre on both sides the praise whereof his Majestie did give to the Scots Cavaliers that commanded the Emperialists to whom he promised before they were taken within three dayes to let them loose againe Ransome-free Neverthelesse they were kept for five weekes with us their Country-men where we made merry as friends Here also in this Conflict was killed his Majesties Camerjounker called Boyen and an other Chamberman called Cratzistene that attended his Majestie About the ninth of August the Emperialists catched a great number of our Horses at forrage and waited on us so well that there was no more hopes to bring forrage unto the Leaguer so that many of our Horsemen for want of Horses were put to their feete till our succours were come unto us The tirty-fift Observation HEre we have two mightie Armies waiting to take advantages one of another being resolved for to gaine credit to endure all toyle and misery and they contemned all hazard and danger to winne glory to themselves being armed with courage and military vertue contemning spoyle and riches leaning to their vertue they delight in the warre being taught by discipline heartily to embrace povertie for their Mistresse and here the Souldier wearied is content to make the ground his bed to lie on as also making the first morsell that chances to his hand to satisfie his appetite and in stead of sleeping out the whole night he is contented with a nod nothing seeming impossible or impregnable unto his couragious and resolute minde glorying more in his contented povertie than others doe in their greatest riches for he thinkes he hath not to doe with gold being able to command his owne desires as the bravest Leaders and most valiant Captaines of Armies have ever made greater esteeme of honour and renowne than deceivable riches or of the spoyle of their enemies reserving glory and honour unto themselves they allowed the spoyle for the common Souldier hunting after an immortall name to leave behinde them after death rather than with the spoyle of others to be thought rich robbing themselves of a good name and their soule and conscience of eternall rest We see then that it is much better to contest with honest men for vertue and a good name than with the avaritious or niggard that hath come to an estate with the spoyle of his enemies or perhaps with the spoyle of his friends or worst of all by detaining their meanes from them who did serve valiantly for it with the losse of their bloud Such Conquests unlawfully made by some Officers are rather to be pittied than envied and I am of the minde he hath provided well for his wife children and friends that leaves an immortall name behinde him for himselfe and his after death rather than to leave them rich in the Devills name by unlawfull Conquest His Majestie of Sweden having had here but a weake Armie
unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kniphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorffe had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few dayes attending what the Emperiall Armie would undertake having still an eye in our necke-pole We got intelligence that the Duke of Fridland Walestine and the Duke of Bavere did breake up with their Armies taking their march through Furt towards Boocke and then to Forcham burning off all the dorpes that lay nearest Nurenberg being all the valiant deedes they had done the whole Summer and the fourteenth of September being quite gone divers Burgers and Souldiers of the Nurenbergers with the Countrie Boores in all haste ranne unto their Leaguer where they found a thousand waggons besides those were burnt which they transported to Nurenberg together with a great quantitie of Iron above tenne thousand Centeurs of waight and a great quantitie of meale corne and flesh which all in foureteene dayes was not brought unto the Towne after their going whereat many did wonder The enemie also left behind them many sicke and wonded Souldiers uncured amongst whom all that time death was very frequent aswell of men as of beasts for thousands of horse and cattell were lost Likewise in the Swedens Leaguer about the Citie were fallen above foure thousand horse and cattell and within the Citie were also many dead As Walestine was come to Forcham he directed Generall Major Galasse with some horse and foote unto the Woigkeland who in his march by Nurenberg did deale very slightly with Lawffe Griffenberg Welden and Harchbrook which he tooke in and Griffenberg he burnt and in the rest he caused to cut off divers Burgers and Souldiers making many poore men with plundering and cruell exactions of mony and from thence in Woiteland towards Egger and further till he joyned with Holke being both as Simeon and Levi continuing their march towards the Elve taking in Kemnets Friberg Meissen and divers other partes exacting great contribution and borneshets or compositions pressing an infinite deale of money out of the Duke of Saxons hereditary lands using great and extraordinary enormities over the whole lands belonging to the Saxon by reason the Dukes Armie lay then farre off in Silesia not being possible for him to releeve his owne Countrey Walestine also from Forcham marched towards Saxonie and the Duke of Bavaria to quench the fire that was already kindled there by the Swedens marched to Bavere The Emperiall Armie thus separated his Majestie laie still at Newstad till such time as he saw their severall intentions and then disposing of his Armie accordingly First the Marquesse of Hamilton was gratiously dismissed by his Majestie taking his journey from thence towards France unto Brittaine and having taken leave of his Majestie at Newstad his Excellence was most honourably conveyed by the whole Officers his Country-men that served the Swedens who having taken leave of his Excellence a mile from the Leaguer they returned and his Excellence accompanied with Sir Iames Hamilton of Priestfeild Colonell Sir Iames Ramsey called the Faire Colonell and Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell having taken good night of all their Noble Camerades they continued their journey unto Brittaine and we returned to prepare our selves for a march and a separation which immediatly the next day did follow his Maiestie having given orders to call in all Safe-guardes and the next morning to be in readinesse to march The thirty-seventh Observation THE separation of these two mightie Armies was wonderfull without shot of Cannon Musket or Pistoll the like we can hardly finde in any Historie We see then here that when the foundation of mans actions is laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile especially when we
or Parapet for their better safeties His Majestie then having ended the morning prayers and that the mist was vanishing away by the rising of the Sunne giving out by all appearance the tokens of a cleare day His Majestie then with comfortable exhortation exhorted every man foote and horse to fight bravely especially directing his speech unto the Swedens and Finnes You true and valiant brethren see that you doe valiantly carry your selves this day fighting bravely for Gods Word and your King which if you doe so will you have mercy of God and honour before the world and I will truely reward you but if you doe not I sweare unto you that your bones shall never come in Sweden againe The Dutch also his Majesty exhorted after this manner You true and worthy Dutch brethren Officers and common Souldiers I exhort you all carry your selves manly and fight truely with me runne not away and I shall hazard my body and bloud with you for your best if you stand with me so I hope in God to obtaine victory the profit whereof will redownd to you and your successours and if otherwise you doe so are you and your liberties lost His Majestie having ended this speech saith now let us to it and let us cry unto God with one voice Iesu Iesu Iesu helpe me this day to fight for the glory of thy Name He advanced then in full Battaile fasting having neither tasted meate nor drinke right forwards towards the Towne of Leitzen where on both sides the Duke of Freedland his Horsemen did present themselves untill such time as their Generall had brought their Infantrie in Battaile beside the Winde-mill and then to a side by the Ditch that was before their Front they retired backe a little and set themselves in Battaile on the right hand of the Towne of Leitzen and then putting the Towne on fire to the end the Swedens on that quarter could doe them no harme Notwithstanding whereof with full resolution the Swedens Armie in full Battaile marched by the side of the Towne on the ditch where their Musketiers were lodged and presented themselves in good order against the mighty and strong Emperiall Armie whereupon the Emperialists great Cannon that were planted by the winde-mill began to give fire in the middest of the Swedens Armie and were incontinent repayed and answered with the like noyse so that the Cannon played two long houres on both sides the fight going bravely on betwixt nine and tenne of the clocke that his Majestie himselfe advanced towards the enemie with the Van-guarde of his Armie even to their Graffe where their Musketiers were set much to his Majestie disadvantage so that sundries of his Majestie forces fell therein Neverthelesse they chased the enemie a little out of the ditch and tooke seven of the Emperialists Cannon that were planted alongst the Graffe After this the other Swedens Briggad or yellow Regiment of the Guard is come after and not esteeming of the Graffe in their way or of the three squadrons or Battailes of the enemies foote being foure times stronger than they which they manfully did beate making them to give ground till they were ruin'd and then on the second time scattering them also even untill the third advancing and being growne weake and wearie with so many brave Charges being resisted by the enemies third Battaile which were seconded well with two squadrons of horsemen at last with the blew Regiments comming up to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such surie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Relingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unlooked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lorâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Colonell Soâ—es with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstorfe Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time
Colonell Cratzstein and Colonell Monro of Fowles being three valorous Barons who resolved amongst themselves Daggenfield should charge the enemy first which he manfully did and then retired who immediatly was rescued by Colonell Monro having charged the enemy retired being shot through the right foote with a Musket Bullet and Colonell Cratzstein rescuing him againe charged the enemy the last time keeping them up till the rest were safely retired and then retiring himselfe at the Spurres being last was pittifully cut over the head with a Poles-shable the enemy following them still till they were repulsed by our Dragoniers Neverthelesse they did get the most part of our baggage and a great number of the horsmens led horses servants and Coaches The Passe being narrow and we having the advantage of them being able to receive them with our whole army horse and foote while as they could not advance unto us but by divisions at most thirty in Front against a steepe hill where our Army was standing ready in battaile to receive them horse foote and Artillery Which they considering the great disadvantage they had to pursue us drawing their Army also in battaile they planted their ordinance against us where once begun we continued the whole day Cannonading one against another where neither foote nor horse could joyne to skirmish But the night comming on the Felt-marshall directed his great Cannon away before and leaving a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers at the Passe getting orders to remaine there till midnight wee retired the rest of our Army unto Vertenberg land having five miles to march before day our retreate being in the night though safe was confusedly made The Enemy finding at mid-night that we were gone followed up our Rere-guard skirmishing a little in the end retired And the whole Armie crossed the Dannbe againe of intention to ruine all our Muster-places in Schwabland and in their way they tooke a French Marquesse prisoner on his Muster-place and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both carelesse they were surprized in their Quarters and were kept prisoners for three yeares The Army quartered themselves in Schwabland and Tyroll alongst the Boden Sea setting Garrisons in Townes as in Costance Pybrach Vberling and divers more During this time our Armie was well entertained and refreshed in good quarters in Vertenbergland having secured them for that time from their Enemies we attended the Rhinegrave his comming with a supply from Elsas as also we did get a strong supply of Country Souldiers from the Duke of Vertenberg with a great deale of Amunition and a supply of Horse and Cannon The Rhinegrave being come finding our selves strong againe we resolved to search the Enemy for to make him retire unto Baviere againe which we effectuated within ten dayes After our up-breaking having crossed the Danube againe the Enemy being retired our Armie did settle themselves in a close Leaguer at Donavert for three moneths together attending the conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron resolving to enterprise no exployt or hostility against the Enemy till such time as they should know who should content them for their by-past service as also whom they should serve in times coming During which time I went to Hailbron to solicite my Regiments affaires with the Rex-chancellor and being there my Cosen Colonell Monro of Fowles dyed of his wounds at Vlme where he was buried and there after my brother was killed by the insolency of some Dutch Souldiers which were of another Regiment not his owne who was also buried at Bachrach on the Rhine and his Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro discharging himselfe of the Regiment they were reduced at Heidelberg on the Neckar to two Companies under Captaine Adam Gordon and Captaine Nicholas Rosse which two Companies by the Chancellor his Orders I tooke from Palsgrave Christian his Armie and marched with them to Donavert where in Iuly 1633. I joyned them to my Regiment of whom I tooke leave leaving them under Command of my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who immediatly afterward was killed at Newmark in the upper Palatinate and was transported to be buried at Donavert My Major William Stewart succeeded to the Lievetenant Colonell's place I being gone for a Recreut to my Regiment unto Britaine From that time to the Battaile of Nerling being a yeare they were led by Lievtenant Colonell Stewart brother to Claire And since I did not see the service I continue to speake of the last yeares Expedition till I be informed of those who did see the service as I did the rest The forty-two Observation being the last IN warres wisedome is of such worth that the spirit and skill of one Commander is sometimes better than thousands of armed men And nothing encourages an Enemy more than the foolishnesse and ignorance of their Enemies in warlike businesse But on the contrary he sleepes not sound that hath a wise enemy For a wise Leader doth all things wisely and it becomes not a Leader to use himselfe to vanitie or to intemperate appetites for how can he command others that never pressed to command his owne inordinate desires and brave Leaders of Armies and valourous Captaines should ever looke to their honour and renowne more than unto riches or pleasure spoyle or gaine quitting the spoyle of their Enemies to their Souldiers they ought to reserve the honour and fame for themselves for he wants not meanes but inriches his family that hath wonne credit and leaves it to his posteritie Our contestation then should be for honour and credit and not for unlawfull spoyle or gaine esteeming more of magnanimitie where ever it is found than of riches attained unto it may be through feeblenesse and cowardice lying in a Garrison having never seen an enemy or a man killed in the Fields when other Cavaliers did shew their valour before their enemies gaining more credit though lesse wealth which is of shortest continuance For we are not worthy the name of Souldiers if we glory as many doe more in gathering riches that perish faster than they come than we doe to get an immortall good name for we must thinke still that true honour doth consist onely in vertuous actions which should make us more ambitious of credit than of unlawfull gaine attained unto by avarice Here also we see great difference betwixt Leaders For after we had gotten Feltmarshall Horne to leade us we began by his valourous good Conduct to recover againe what others had suffered the Enemy to possesse and before he advanced he made his friends sure behind him as Vlme and the Duke of Vertenberg that alwayes in necessitie he might make a safe retreate as a wise Generall ought to doe looking what might happen So then we see that as Resolution is needfull Counsell is not to be despised coming from a stedfast minde for it is better to save our selves and others than to be the Instruments to lose both But when we have no time to resolve long in matters deplorable then resolution should have place
or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modo though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to
kept free to Iodge strangers which ought to acknowledge the Governour so long as they have no other burthen and if the Garrison be such a place as yeelds other commodities by traffique by water or land the Governour besides the ordinary custome or toale ought to be acknowledged by those who transport goods or Cattell by or through his Garrison if they come under the compasse of his watch As also he may take of adjacent lands belonging to the enemy as high a contribution as he can rack them to providing he prove not dishonest to his Master in taking moneys for being friend to his Masters enemies For making of Accord an Observation HIS Majestie of worthy memory I being with him at Damaine Brandenburg Lantsberg Verben Erfort Mentz Ausburg Rhine and Munchen in Baviere did never trust the making of the Treatie to any other than himselfe for how soone either Trumpeter or Drummer were conveyed blind-folded by the Officer of the Watch unto him then being discovered having delivered their message and receiving an answer the same or another being directed backe then pledges were delivered to be kept on both sides till such time as the accord were condescended to or left off in case of variance being continued to a second resolution and then the pledges were to be retired Hinc inde Those pledges at such times ought to be modest sober and discreet in their discourses lest some things might slip them tending to prejudice of either parties and if the pledges be wise they may save some Commodities for a friend When the defender makes a slight Accord the heads whereof are set downe in writing and afterward advised but once granted cannot be recall'd the guard once changed a Commander doth goe to possesse withall according to the Accord where incontinent the pursuer makes preparation for the enemies out-comming that there be no disorder committed in breaking the Accord by either of the parties for it is a grosse errour for a Christian to violate their word once given but they doe strive before ending for honourable Conditions on both sides the particulars accorded on are not necessary to be inserted here since they doe varie according to the occasions where sometimes the defender makes Conditions for the Citie their Liberties Traffique and Religion as the place is of importance and if the defender looke for succours seeing his advantage he shifts in making the Accord prolonging time till in the end as sometimes the Treatie dissolves as was done at Traylesound 1628. against the Emperialists And the partie beleaguerer finding himselfe weake without he continues their outmarching till his weaknesse be supplied as his Majestie of worthy memory did before Lansberg where the enemy was to march out three thousand stronger then we were without which delayed his out-coming till supply was come to us from Francfurt When treaties are ended the Conquerour of the place after making his accord having made his best advantage of all provisions sound in such parts as of Cannon Armes Clothes Amunition Libraries Monuments being all transported and put in assurance then the Towne being in the Conquerours power he may beset it with a Garrison or demolish it by rasing of the walles and it had bin good the Swedens had done so in Bavier with Donavert Rhine Ausburg Aychstat Landsout and Munchen if they had beene rased at first we had not bin troubled by taking them in twice thereafter and it had bin better to have plundred them first then to have compounded with them for monies having after the losing of Nerling battaile lost our monies the pledges the country and City which had bin better to have raced them to the ground as Trophees of our victories at our being there then to have taken pledges for money and lose all againe It is also to be observed in making of all accords that such prisoners as are within the place may be let free that doe belong to the beleaguerer and such Souldiers as were run away from the pursuer may be restored againe to be punished or pardoned as pleaseth their Officers But no man belonging to the enemy may be detained contrary to their wills As also no Cannon taken of the pursuer before can be taken out of the Strength notwithstanding that Cannon be allowed unto him by his accord he must transport none that belonged formerly to another Likewise no more horses can be allowed to be transported by Officers then are mentioned in their accord and that proportionally according to their degrees they serve in and no more and if it be found that the defender fraudulently beyond his accord hath either stolne away destroyed or hid any goods Armes Cannon or Amunition being knowne or revealed ipso facto the pursuer or Conquerour is not obliged to keepe their paction but they may use them as the Swedens did Colonell Gramme after his marching out of Wesmer having broken treacherously his accord Of the taking of Prisoners an observation HIS Majesty having taken in Frankfurt on the Oder I did grant quarters to two young Cavaliers who had begged my protection to save them from the fury and having once protected them though with difficulty I had a care no man should wrong them as all Cavaliers ought to doe in extremity to those that stand in neede of mercy not plundring men to their skinnes as some unworthy doe But on the contrary having once granted quarter men ought to be carefull not only in guarding their lives from others but also they ought to foresee for entertainment civilly at least for their money being Cavaliers of charge which may be presupposed able to entertaine themselves or if otherwise they cannot doe it our charity and compassion should move us to provide bread for them who cannot provide for themselves otherwise our over-sight in suffering them to starve for want of bread deserves a greater punishment then if we suffered others to have killed them at first being enemies so that I wish no man so uncivill as to dominier over a reconciled enemy being in bonds Likewise Prisoners being civilly entertained according to their degrees neverthelesse they ought to be look't unto as Prisoners if they be common Souldiers they should be commited to the Generall Gavilliger to be attended there with a guard to watch them being in Irons and according to their behaviours to be kept closer or at more liberty and being on marches they ought not to be suffered to come so heere the Army as to be spies over others and especially being Officers concredited to a Gavilliger they ought to be so kept as they could not remarke either the strength or the discipline of the Army and being come to quarters they ought to be visited as Cavaliers but in discourse men ought to be sparing with them as with prisoners neither must you injure them or suffer others to doe it seeing Prisoners can doe no reason to Cavaliers and giving once their Parole they may have some freedome to walke
that had misguided his rich Treasure and were the undoing of his Army where they should rather have died then wronged their King and country and should rather have left by will and testament to their children an example of their fidelity and honesty then a rich Patrimony The Rogues the Commissaries did much differ in their love to their King and Country from that worthy gentleman of famous memory we reade of in our owne Stories called William Seaton who is worthily recorded of for his love to the publique preferring it to his owne children who being Governour of Barwicke he and his wife did choose rather to quit their owne lives and the lives of their children then to give over the place unto the English choosing rather to keepe it for the weale of the publique and for the honour of their King and Country preferring the publique-weale to their owne particular the story I neede not amplify being well knowne This Magnanimous King scorning the attempts of his enemies ceaseth not still to hazard his owne person and Crowne for the safety of his people for he trusted and confided so much in God that he knew well the Scepter was ordained for those that slighted it and not for those did cover it greedily as his enemies did Here also we see that the enemies forces being drawne towards Trailesound minding that way to come unto Denmark his Majesty was diverted from his resolution and was forced to joyne with Trailesound to make a defensive warre for the safety of his Country and people for if the enemy had gotten Trailesound he had an easie way to come into Denmark wherein there were no great strengths and getting shipping Artillary and Amunition whhereof his Majesty was well provided he had then the passe open unto Britaine when he pleased But he was wisely prevented by his Majesty and his Councell God bringing things to passe according to his secret decree and not according to the will of man Here also we see that it is the duty of a Generall lying neere an enemy to know all avenues well and betimes to beset them well with diligence and good watches for if this passe at Gottenbrode had not beene timely well beset his Majesty might have fallen into the enemies hands the passage being cut off betwixt his Majesty and the ships Also in all extremities it is the duty of Commanders to encourage their inferiours otherwise the passengers may be affraid if the Skipper or steers-man gives over as Commanders do looke to their owne credits so they ought to be carefull of their followers saferies The English and our Nation are good seconds one of another being abroade for commonly they take part one with another against any other Nation as happened here at Grotenbrode where I did see fifty English and Scots chase above a hundred Danes with swords into the sea deeper than their waste running into the Sea for their safeties whereupon there was a complaint made unto his Majesty by the Commissary on my Camerade Captaine Chamberlaine and me for not suppressing our Souldiers insolency from abusing of the Danes Souldiers The occasion of their quarrelling was the Danes Boores being commanded out for the Kings service and for the defence of their Countrey they had fortie dayes provision with them and being well furnished with dry Beefe and Bacon while as our Souldiers did get nothing but hard Bisket and Beere they devised that one coming behinde the Danes Souldiers for taking up his knapsacke while as another should cut the strings before and then to runne away with it this Stratagem being oft practised by the English and Scots against the Danes at last the Danes resolved being stronger in the fields than they both were to fight for their Knapsackes the occasion being offered they yoake or joyne with swords and fight in the Leager and the Danes were forced to give ground and to retire within the Sea for their safeties sundry on both sides being hurt their Officers appeased the Tumult and after Captaine Chamberlaine and I though innocent of the fault were mightily chidden by his Majestie his Majestie assuring us if the like happened againe he would punish us and not our Souldiers which made us afterwards looke more narrowly to their behaviour and carriage making them live more peaceable with their Camerades in not oppressing them for it is a hard time when one Wolfe eats up another The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March from Lowland to Alzenheure and from thence to Trailesound by water THE eight of May 1628. I being at Copemanhagen soliciting for our Regiment orders were given unto me to be sent to Lowland and to Fune to make our Regiment march in all haste to Alzenheure and there to attend for their orders the orders I did direct to Captaine Mac-Kenyee commanding him to keepe good discipline in his March and strict being in his Majesties owne Land he receiving the orders breakes up the twelfth of May from Lowland and continues his March to the Randezvouz The Garrisons also in Funeland breake up the said day and continued their March towards their Randezvous On the March through Zeland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Souldiers being quartered in a Dorpe the Boores take Armes stayd not to be led by their Officers but entered the skirmish with the Boores where at the first Salve foure of the Boores were killed dead and sundry hurt the rest flie away leaving the Dorpe to the Souldiersto be quartered in the blame of this accident was laid on the Commissary appointed for the Convoy who being absent was to answer for the wrong but the Commissary caused for revenge a Boores daughter to complaine on three Souldiers of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company alleaging they had all three forced her so that the Souldiers were apprehended conveyed in Irons to Copemanhagen to be examined there before the Generall Commissary the State-holder and me who being examined no proofe was found against them but accusations whereupon they were remitted to prison till further triall where there was an act made they should suffer no tryall except I were present Neverthelesse in my absence they were all three executed viz. Donald Rosse Iames Dumbarre and Alexander Caddell who went to death without acknowledging the fact still pleading their innocency The Lieverenant Colonell Alexander Seaton being then come from Holland was ordained by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of
the whole Towne and the onely poste pursued by the enemy which our Lievetenant Colonell made choice of being the most dangerous for his Countries credit where we watched fortie eight houres together till we were relieved againe by the other Division and so Singulis noctibus per vices during six weekes time that my cloathes came never off except it had beene to change a suite or linnings The fifteenth Observation THis Towne of Trailesound being hard beleager'd by the Emperialists they desired humbly the protection and assistance of his Majestie of Denmarke which was willingly granted unto them having accorded on their Conditions his Majestie made choice of our Regiment to be sent thither having had sufficient proofe of our former service in his Majesties presence and under command of others his Majesties Generalls So that before others we were trusted on this occasion where we did come with a timely reliefe to those Burgers that were wearied and toyled with watching and also hurt by their enemies whom they had beaten from their walles twice before our coming In this accident which hapned in Zeland betwixt the Boores and our Souldiers we may see the Antipathy that is betwixt Souldiers and Boores where the one cannot with patience indure the sight of the other without some present jarre so that it were impossible to make them agree together if Military Discipline were not strictly observed and the transgressours exemplarily punished Here also I cannot omit the over-sight committed by those Belly-gods the Cōmissaries that serve the publique State worst yet are oft-times best recompenced whose neglect on this March was the cause of shedding the innocent bloud of the poore Labourers and of the Souldiers also and it was pittie such a King should entertaine so many of this sort of belly-gods that studied nothing so much as to fill their own Coffers and to raise their houses without any care had of the Publique Weale Here also I cannot allow of that vaine custome amongst the Officers that will make a bad choice for a little ostentive credit having the good in their election to make choice of the worst for in occasions against our enemies we should rather take all advantages as of strength of ground of Sunne and winde and shall he not be thought yet unwiser who may be the Instrument to save his people on service that willingly will make choice of a place to lose them No menagrie in my opinion comparable to that which spares the lives of men from losing and I perswade my selfe I need not insist in this reprehension seeing the actor though out of time was sorrowfull enough for his evill choice Here also I did observe that frequent danger doth encourage the feeblest Souldier who by daily dangers and the familiaritie made with death in stepping every day over the bodies of dead men who perhaps never before had seene one die naturally much lesse to see daily and hourely examples of violent death learning wit by by-past losses and experience had in the exercise of our Calling being hardned with toyle and travell Therefore in my judgement no man is more worthy of the name of a Souldier than he that indures best wearisome toyle and travell in this honourable Calling not withdrawing the shoulder but by pushing it forwards couragiously having once begun for though in all affaires of this kinde the beginnings seeme hard and difficult yet soone after we finde it lighter according to the measure of our advancement and reward in the end we enjoy still the greater contentment as became of me the first time my friends led me up a steepe hill when my breath begun to faile me looking behinde and seeing what way I had put by the rest to the top of the hill seemed nothing unto me being so neare the end of my travell but was pleasant rather than tedious And therefore we use to say He that beginneth well hath halfe ended At our entry in this Towne our travell and toyle once begun continued night and day for six weekes till we grew hard with travell yet not hard as many of the Dutch that are hard against the Musket Bullet this proofe we lacked He that shews himselfe honest in his calling and Travells the Travell passeth the honestie remaineth But on the contrary when we have taken delight in evill the delight passeth and the evill remaineth Happie therefore are those who travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure We reade of Cincinnatus brought from the plough to the Senate to be made Consull for his Travell the like we reade of Quintus taken from his plough to be Consull also a great change No wonder then to take a man from the plough to be a Souldier as the Porter of Fowles called Mac-Weattiche who in this Towne of Trailesound did prove as valiant as a sword fearing nothing but discredit and the down-looke or frowne of his Officers lest he should offend them The sixteenth Dutie discharged of our Watches and Accidents that occurred in this Towne before the Enemy did storme our Workes THE twenty-eight of May 1628 not without danger both by water and from land we entred the Towne of Trailesound the Emperiall Armie lying before it having their batteries neere the water at our in-coming they shot our Mast having grounded before our in-coming we ranne the hazard both of drowning and killing but being againe without hurt come off our Camerades wearied of watching immediatly after our entry we relieved the watch at Franckendor being the onely Poast in the Towne most pursued by the enemy The order of our watch was after this manner of the seaven Companies one Company watched still on the Island before the Towne called the Hollomne the other three Companies were ordained by foure a clocke afternoone to parade in the Market place and afterwards to march to their Poast at Franckendor without the walles on scurvie outworkes which were but slightly fortified with a dry Moate the enemy lying strong before us and approaching neare we fearing a sudden on-fall those that were relieved of the watch by five of the clocke were ordained againe to meet by nine of the clocke at night and to watch againe on the by-watch till foure of the clocke in the morning whereof the one halfe were appointed to he in readinesse at their Armes without the Port neere the workes while as the other halfe were appointed also to lie in readinesse at their Armes on the Market place to attend all occasions of Alarums either within or without the Towne and thus we watched nightly relieving one another for the space of six weekes The rest of the Postes above the walles were also beset by the Dutch but none had the halfe of our duties to discharge by reason the whole approaches were made by the Enemy to us as being the weakest part Notwithstanding of this our great nightly watch and dutie kept the Burgers of the Citie did prove very ungratefull and unthankfull
the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Contrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an enemie on walls within Townes or Forts they are very commodious for service providing they resolve to fight well and to abide by their Officers and in my opinion being well led they may beate Musketiers accidently off the Feild and being well lined with shot they are a safeguard against Horsemen having the least advantage of ground Thus much in briefe for the use of the Pike the most honourable of all weapons and my choice in day of battell and leaping a storme or entering a breach with a light brest-plate and a good head-piece being seconded with good fellowes I would choose a good halfe-Pike to enter with CERTAINE OBSERVATIONS VVORTHY THE YOVNGER Officer his consideration being short and practicall for his Highnesse speciall use I. THIS life is a Comedy or a Play wherein every one doth his part we should presse to passe it over with moderate affections that the end be not cruell or dolefull as in Tragedies but full of mirth like a Comedy II. Vnto the Victor the life is sweete and happy but to those that are overcome nothing is more bitter then to put their hopes in their Enemies mercy III. As unto Champions of old lots gave fellowes and not election with whom they should fight so every one of us hath destines in our times where with to strive IIII. As he who goeth a journy doth reckon the miles so he that hath entred the way of this life shall not determine of his yeares For as from the spring flow the Rivers from the roote the branch so from the first education cometh the rest of mans life And if thou wouldst live truely thou must presse to profit thy country to defend the Common-wealth and to live well without liberty thou must preferre death before ignominious shame or slavery For as this life is Rosie so it hath flowers mixed with thornes the one to be plucked up the other to be eschewed so farre as we may V. It is a part of victory to trouble the enemy before we fight and as it is laudable to overcome an enemy it is no lesse praise worthy to have pitty on the miserable For as courage doth merit infinite glory so the love of all and the good will of all merits mercy and meekenesse VI. The feeble and weake minded man is ever pridfull in prosperity for he thinkes his vertues are such as can maintaine the Fortunes which he hath gotten and thinks still he is able to attaine and acquire more and more but when the tempest of adversity doth arise then is he so farre afraid that he becomes voide of all hopes and this oftentimes is the cause of the suddaine change of his fortunes VII Nothing doth diminish more the publishing of praise then when one continually casteth up his owne successe in actions of warre and oftimes striving to get abundance of honour men show their riches of swelling pride for disdaining his former friends he misk nowes his acquaintance pressing to goe before he is greevous or displeasing to all his familiars Our care then should be to want this arrogancy ostentation or pride and pray for humility being more acceptable unto God then detestable pride which is an unprofitable evill a secret poyson a hidden pest the ingenier of deceipt the mother of hypocrisie the parent of envy the beginner of vice the moth of holinesse the blinder of hearts breeding sicknesse out of remedies and begetting langour out of medicine VIII There is ever some fatality incident unto those that desire vaine-glory or ostentation and those that are proud rejecting the prayers of the humble with disdaine they often incurre the indignation of God and fall