occasion shall require In the next place for a Brigade I shall point forth four Regiments having in them eight Companies a piece after the manner of a Regiment of eight formerly set down which amounts to 3888 men which number may serve for a third part of an Army of foot and make up a very compleat and sufficient Brigade And I shall order in this Brigade to have in it four Divisions that is to say a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard represented in the three first Regiments but the fourth shall be a reserve standing in the Reer of the Main-battail or Brigade whereby upon all occasions of the other retreating or being driven backward that Regiment may move up to relieve each part thereof that shall be distressed But upon the Long-march of this Brigade the two middle Regiments according to their order of dignity are to make the Battail which in the Figure were made the Van-guard and Reer-guard and that which formerly was the Van-guard is become the Battail and the Reer-guard the Reserve but where they have ground sufficient it will be better to march in that form of Battalia set down according to the Figure Folio 176. This Brigade consisting of four Regiments must be drawn up according to the dignity of their Captains but with this alteration of Arms for the former Regiments consisting of two Divisions this hath but one after this manner CHAP. XXII How to draw up an Army of twelve Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men THe drawing up or an Army most properly belongs to the Serjeant-Major-General whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an experienced Souldier in respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that form which the General shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to foresee all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord General or Martial of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the form of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant-Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant-Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Colonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the eldest Colonel and ninth Colonel according to this rule of Dignity in the Figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant-Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Colonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Colonels after this manner of this Figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant-Major draw up that Brigade which shall be in the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Colonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Colonels and between them the tenth and seventh Colonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3 This charge being given by the Serjeant-Major-General unto the three Serjeant-Majors of the three Tertias or Brigades how each particular Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared alike each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of Dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant-Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assigned unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant-Major-General being helped and assisted by the Field-Officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant-Major-General being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the General rightly observed and fulfilled AN ARMY OF FOOT OR THREE SINGLE BRIGADS CONSISTING OF 11664 MEN DRAWN VP AND EMBATTELLED TOGETHER WITH THE PLACING OF THE CANNON Let these three Sheets be pasted together at length one after another so that they may appear as one single Leafe and let them be placed between Page 174 and 175. After this the General of the Ordnance his duty and care must be in the day of Battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdom is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Train of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall but and make choise of such ground for their planting as the General of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be careful that all things be in a readiness putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the General of the Army upon all occasions to receive his Directions and Commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his Battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out Hills and Heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himself and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their Horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the Divisions of Foot taking along with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed of several ways as sometimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others threes upon the Flanks and Wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the Flank and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Arms which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Frout is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause
to come up with more courage to fall on upon the Charge Therefore the best way amongst the ancient experienc'd Souldiers is that the Artillery be divided some here some there both before the Front between the Battalions and upon the Flanks and to be placed some 50 or an 100 paces one from another and then there will be no danger when the Enemy shall come up to shock to encounter you or to offend our own men Especially when they are fastned to them by drawing Ropes and Iron Rings that upon an instant they may be removed and turn'd for the advantage of our own Troops giving fire as fast as they can charge and discharge against the Enemies Troops it being a matter of great moment for the obtaining of a Victory and gaining the day from the Enemy But that many times the Ordnance cannot be planted in such convenient places as could be wished for in respect an Army may be driven into such places as the Ordnance must be planted according to the best ground it will afford by reason of Woods Hills or Marish-grounds and such like disadvantageous places may be oftentimes met withal for which no certain Rule may be given but that the General by his wisdom and discretion may make choice of the best advantages which might annoy an Enemy most and give the least offence to his own men either by dazling them by the Sun or by raising of the dust observing the winde which drives the Smoak both of the Ordnance and Small-shot full upon them To conclude it is conceived the best way for every Captain of the Ordnance and Master-Gunner to use some light Field-peeces and small Drakes which upon any occasion may be removed from one place to another being with ease planted upon such places of advantage as may most annoy the Enemy In the next place 3000 Horse may be a good proportion for 10000 or 12000 foot which ought to be equally divided in their Troops and placed upon the Flanks of the foot in such good order as the Troops may come with conveniencie to fight for the relieving of each other But in case you shall perceive the Enemies Horse as sometimes through necessity of ground or by other political ends may be interlaced and placed between the Intervals and Divisions of their foot it will be needful then that we should observe the same form and likewise have Horse to come forth and encounter with their Horse lest they should break in upon our Divisions of Foot which by this means and good order may be timely prevented Next follows the Figure of the Army as before described and ordered to be drawn up Folio 176. CHAP. XXIII The several duties belonging to the Foot in a Regiment as followeth by degrees from a private Souldier unto a Colonel of the same and first of a Private Souldier A Private Souldier ought to be very active not slothful and idle informing himself of his duty learning from his Corporal or other Officers the true use and well handling of his Arms always keeping them neat clean and well fixed Upon the beat of the Drum he is to repair to his Colours Squadron or Company upon the march he must observe his Leader and his right and left-hand-men that he may march streight in file and even in rank in time of Exercise he must be silent in the Body well minding the words of Command and Directions which are given forth by the Leader He ought likewise to be well vers'd in all the ordinary words of Command and to mind the place wherein he stands that he may the more readier move and not be to seek at such time when he shall be commanded whether it be to face double counter-march or wheel He must inform himself of all the several beats of the Drum as first or a Call second a Troop third a March fourth a Preparative fifth a Battle or Charge sixth a Retreat and also of the Revalley and the Tattoo By the first he is summoned to hear present Proclamation or else commanded to repair to his Colours upon the beat of the second he is to advance his Arms and to close in Rank and File to the distance of Order and to Troop along unto such places and services as he shall be commanded unto upon the hearing of the third he is presently to shoulder his Arms and to take his distance of six foot in Rank and three foot in File upon the fourth he is to close both in Rank and File unto the fighting distance which is called Order and to prepare himself for skirmish upon the beat of the next he is undauntedly to move forward boldly stepping in good Order into the place of his fellow-Souldier that shall happen to fall down dead before him upon the beat of the last he must orderly fall back either for relief or advantage of ground or other political ends whereby he may draw the Enemy into a snare The first of the remaining two gives warning in the morning for some of the Sentinels to fall off or to be taken in the latter is used in the night to give notice unto the Souldiers or others for their repairing to their several Guards Watches and Lodgings To conclude a private Souldier ought to avoid all Quarrelling Mutinies Swearing Cursing or Lying and to be content with his wages and likewise to be a good Husband in the well managing of his means keeping himself neat and handsome in his apparel avoiding drunkenness and all manner of gaming truely to serve and fear God and to be obedient unto all the commands of his superiours cheerfully going on upon all Duties and to be loving kind and courteous unto all his fellow-Souldiers The duty of a Sentinel A Sentinel must be very vigilant carefully casting his eyes about him and harkning whether he hear the noise or approach of any drawing neer him which if he perceive he is presently to command them to stand presenting his Musket or Pike to their brest after calling his Corporal for to take the Word unless he should be commanded to come in silently He is not to come off until he be relieved by the Corporal or Lanspassadoe His proper Posture being a Muskettier is to have his Musket rested and loaded with Powder and Bullet his Match cockt and his Pan guarded being a Pike-man if he stand Sentinel in the night he must have his Pike cheek'd if in the day his Pike ordered Or it may be a very proper Posture for a Pike-man to stand Sentinel with his Pike in his left-hand holding it a little below the cheeks thereof and with his Sword drawn being held in his right-hand which I leave to judge or to be made use of according to discretion and as occasion shall require Of a Gentleman of a Company A Gentleman of a Company ought to have such worth in him as may make him capable to be a File-leader or Captain of his File and he more especialy above the rest
the Captains being lodged so neer them You may observe that in this lust form of Quartering there are 20 foot of the 200 allowed the Souldiers in depth taken off and added to the street between the Captains and the Sutlers for the street being in the former Quarter but 20 foot broad was found to be too narrow for the Waggons and Carriages to pass to and fro which did continually go and come through it with Provisions for the Army And whereas in the allowance of 200 foot in depth for the Souldiers there were but two allotted to lodge or hut together it happened sometimes that they came to quarter in places where there was small store of Provision to but withal so that the Souldiers could neither fit the ground allotted to them nor make any uniform or handsome huts therefore it was thought fit to take from them the said 20 foot and to allow them but 180. Note that the Officers must see the Souldiers build formally and that they make their Beds a foot and half or two foot from the ground to prevent sickness which they will be subject to fall into by lying upon the ground Note that when the Regiment is quartered in one Division the Colonels Company quarters on the right hand the Lieutenant-Colonels on the left the Sergeant-Majors next the Colonel the eldest Captain next him and so all the rest of the Captains by seniority in order from the right hand But if the Regiment be quartered in two Divisions then the Lieutenant-Colonels Company quarters on the right hand of the second Division the Sergeant-Majors in his place on the left hand of the first the eldest Captain next the Colonel the second on the left hand of the second Division the third next the eldest the fourth next the Lieutenant-Colonel the fifth next the third the sixth next the fourth in the second Division and so all the rest of the Captains according to this Order Observing if it may be that the youngest Captain be always placed next to him that closeth the left flank of the second Division Quartering of Horse THe Horse unless pressed by an Enemy are always or most commonly quartered in Houses both for the commodity of Forrage and that their Horses may stand under covert which otherwise by standing three or four nights in rain and cold would be in danger to be spoiled and made unserviceable So careful saith Melzo was the Duke of Alva of his Horse that he not only quartered them in Houses but made Courts of Guard upon the Avenues and places where they watched to shelter them from the weather But seeing they may be sometimes forced to make Huts I will shew you their manner of Quartering which is the same as the Foot but that they have more ground allowed them especially in bredth for their main streets are twenty foot broad and the men have ten foot allowed them whereas the Foot have but eight foot for either Hut their Horses are allowed ten foot in bredth and four in depth so the ground allowed for 100 Horse is 300 foot in depth and 70 in bredth The Explanation of the following Figure The Quartering of four Cornets of Horse A Alarm-place B Lieutenants lodging C Cornets lodging D Souldiers Huts E Stables F Street between the Souldiers Huts G Street between the Souldiers and Horses H Street between the Captain and Souldiers I Captains K Street between Captain and Sutlers L Sutlers The Quartering of an Army of Foot A Alarm-place B Entrenchment C Generals Pavilions D General of the Ordnance his loding E Ammunition and Ordnance F Divisions of Foot The Quartering of foure Cornets of Horse The Quartering of an Army of Foote A Good Commanders Judgment is to be discerned by his well chusing of ground to quarter on for he must not only chuse a place advantageous to resist an Enemy but where there is plenty of Forrage Water and other Necessaries and where the Air is wholsome and how necessary it is to intrench a Quarter and what ease and safety it brings to an Army dayly experience tells us and whereas by lying open you are subject to be affronted and forced to fight by an Enemy it is in your choice being Intrenched whether you fight or not which is no small advantage besides your Watches will fall nothing so often nor your Guards so troublesome The Romans were the first that found out the right use of the Spade and the benefit of Intrenching and it is from Caesar that our late great Generals have learned the way to Beleaguer and single Towns with Works and Trenches though the use of Powder have made them alter the form and manner of working and how advantageous it its to make such Works the taking not to speak of Alexis and other places by the Prince of Orange but of Groll Bolduke Mastricht and Breda within these few years in the view as I may say of an Enemies Army are sufficient testimonies and as divers Armies have in vain attempted the relief of Towns thus beleaguered so have some out of negligence and want of care in making their Lines of circumvallation been forced to quit their design and rise with dishonour The manner how the Prince of Orange his Army was Quartered with the General Officers Artillery Waggons c. A His Excellency B Count William C Count Henry D Strangers of Quality E Du. of Kessel F Waggons G Sutlers Market-place H Ryhoven 3 Troops of Horse R John Bax 3 Troops of Horse S Wageman 3 Troops of Horse T La. Salle 3 Troops of Horse Y Stabenbrook 4 Troops of Horse Z Co. John 3 Troops of Horse Δ Marquette 3 Troops of Horse Θ M. Bax 4 Troops of Horse Φ Count Henry 3 Troops of Horse ΠGuardens 4 Troops of Horse Ω Quaet 3 Troops of Horse Σ Smelsing 3 Troops of Horse I Dragoons K Count Ernest 6 Dutch Companies X 8 Companies of Frisons O Rob. Hinderson 19 Scotch Companies W Count John Ernest 16 Companies of Wallons P Bechune 19 French Companies Q Chastillon 19 French Companies L Hollis 10 English Companies M. Cheek 10 English Companies N. Cecil 10 English Companies V. Horatio Vere 15 English Companies Orders to be given out in a Quarter 1 NO man without leave of his Officer shall go further then Cannon-shot out of the Quarter or lie in the night out of the Quarter upon pain of the Strappado and if he have done any man hurt he shall be hanged without mercy 2. No man shall do hurt to such as are under Neutrality or Safe-guard upon pain of bodily punishment 3. No man shall fight within the Quarter draw his Sword or make any uproar in the night upon the like pain 4. No man shall molest any Sutler or such as bring Provision into the Leaguer spoil or take any of their Goods from them within or without the Leaguer upon the like pain 5. No man shall sell any Booty or Goods in the Leaguer without sound of Drum and
his Captains intentions and purposes before-hand he may be the better provided to withstand the furious onset of the Enemy He ought to have the Ensign and all other Officers of the Company as near him as may be there being often-times urgent business to make use of them as occasion shall require He must neither cashiere nor punish any man in the presence of his Captain but ought to make him acquainted therewith that he may punish the offender by committing him either to prison or cause him to give recompence to the party wronged To conclude he ought to know how far his power doth extend either in the presence or absence of his Captain always demeaning himself so that he may gain the love of his whole Company by acting those things amongst them as may be just and honest Of a Captain HE that is a Captain of a Company ought in respect he leadeth the same and is Chief to appoint unto the Officers their several places what Divisions they shall lead and where they shall march and according to the number of Files to make his Divisions answerable thereto by dividing his Muskettiers as near as he can the one half upon the right of the Pikes and the other upon the left for they being the Flankers ought equally to be ballanced but if there be an odd File it ought to be contrived and carried to the right In the Van Battail or Reer he must according to the number of his men order his Officers places and draw them off accordingly in as equal a way as they will afford He is as well as his own to know all the several duties of his Officers and to be a good Posture-man himself that when he sees any of his Souldiers handling their Arms in an undecent and slovenly manner he may the better reprove them for the same And although many Captains regardeth them not but leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour Officers yet it is a great deal of honour to him when his Souldiers shall be taught by himself they more cheerfully and confidently marching along with him when as they perceive that he is throughly knowing in all things belonging to his charge He shall do well to exercise his Company sometimes himself teaching them how to fight upon all occasions whether it be to Front Reer or Flanks or upon surprise of an Ambuscado or any other disadvantage which may befall them informing them how to fall off and rally again in good order And at such times he must couragiously and wisely behave himself and incourage his Souldiers of hopes of Victory casting off all appearances of fear or danger whatsoever cheerfully animating his Souldiers to fall on taking care and making much of them and not to forsake them until such time they may be relieved by others He is to have a fatherly care of his Souldiers timely providing for the maimed wounded and sick such helps and remedies as their present conditions requires He must likewise see that there be no want of Victual Arms or Ammunition He ought not to be covetous nor keep back his Souldiers pay but to see them duly paid visiting and relieving them according to their several wants and necessities His care must be to execute Justice appease quarrels punish offenders by doing whereof he will maintain the honour and dignity of his place He ought to carry a very even hand over his Souldiers and to be very courteous and kind unto them yet with that restriction of familiarity that he come not under contempt And again he must not be too rigid and harsh caning or beating them without just cause lest he incurre their hatred who secretly or in time of Battail will seek to be revenged of him endeavouring to kill him before their enemy therefore he ought to be wise and discreet in his commands and carriage towards them His place of marching with his Company is some six foot before the first Division of Muskettiers but if his Company be drawn up he is either upon a Stand or upon the March to be on the head of the Pikes six foot before the Ensign In time of Battail although he leads his men up first against the Enemy yet he is not always tied to be in the Front having often just occasion to remove down into the Reer Midst or Flanks carefully casting his eye upon all parts of the Body thereby preventing the least error or neglect of his Souldiers directing them what to do keeping them in good order as long as occasion shall require Moreover he ought to be very religious temperate and discreet faithful in his trust valiant in the field against the face of his enemy and being besieged in either Town or Fort for to preserve his honour never give his consent for the yielding it up until it be past hope that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer Of a Serjeant-Major HIs duty is every morning and evening or upon any other occasion to attend upon the General Martial of the Field or Serjeant-Major-General of the Army to receive his Orders how or in what manner the Regiment shall march whether in a single Battalion or else in two to be joined with others After which he gives order accordingly unto the Captains how to draw up their Companies and orders them accordingly At which time of embattelling or marching he ought to be as near the midst of the Regiment as he can for the better regulating of the same He is to place all the Officers according to their Dignity where they are to lead and where to bring up and which men they shall take charge of to fight causing the Drum-Major after they are all drawn up and the other Drummers to beat a March and to move all at one instant as occasion shall require He ought to make all the Divisions as near equally alike as possible he can He must likewise be well verst in the several drawing up of Regiments with their various forms of Battail that according to the condition of the place ground number of men and Orders received from the Major-General or Majors of the Brigades he may not shew himself a Novice or one that is to seek nor ought he to go dully or slothfully upon his charge or place but to be very ready quick and nimbly performing with much ease and readiness his Battalions and grand Divisions In their drawings up he may be permitted to have Pen Ink and Paper for to take an accompt of the several strengths of the Captains Companies and to order his men accordingly and ought to give unto all the Officers of the Regiment notes in writing of their several charges and places In time of fight or otherwise marching with the Regiment he is to be on horse-back in regard he is the eyes hands and feet thereof in time of Battail he is to see every Officer to perform his charge and Souldier his duty forcing and compelling them forward if in case
a Lieutenant In the Captains absence he commands the Troop He must be diligent to see the Souldiers do their duties and see that their Horses and Arms be in good case He is to bring up the Reer of the Troop and see the Souldiers keep Rank File and Distance orderly after the Captain and Cornet and to permit none to depart from the Body or Troop In fight he is to be still in the Reer with his Sword drawn encouraging the Souldiers and cutting if not killing such as shall presume to flinch He is to keep a List of the names and sirnames of the Souldiers in his Troop and know the sufficiency of each Souldier that he may make use of them accordingly The Troop being to go to Guard when neer the Lieutenant is to go before to the Lieutenant that is to be relieved and take notice of the Corps-du-guard and receive information from him when and where the Sentinels are to be placed what ways to clear and all other things necessary and he must visit the Sentinels often both by night and day he first himself having placed them If the Troop be lodged in a Village the Billets must be signed by the Quartermaster of the Troop and distributed to the Souldiers before the Cornets lodging where the Alto is made to attend the said Billets so that in case of an Allarm the Souldiers may know whither to repair If they stay longer then a day in one place the Lieutenant is to visit the houses to see that the Souldiers keep good orders and being to go away to bid them be careful to put out their Fires If they go to be lodged in a Town or Fort and there to keep Garrison the Lieutenant is to accommodate their Lodgings according to their degrees and deserts and wheresoever they lodge longer then a day he must write the name of the Souldiers upon the said Billets that if the Souldier commit any Misdemeanor he may be the readier discovered and punished When the Troop is to March and the Trumpets sound to Horse he must be first mounted and see the Souldiers do the same with all speed and finding any lingering either out of idleness or an intent to Plunder severely to chastise them He ought to have knowledge of the ways And if the Troop be charged by the Enemy himself with some of the most experienced Souldiers and best mounted in the Troop are to stay behind VII Of the Cornet IN the absence of the Captain and Lieutenant the Cornet is to command the Troops but in the Captains presence upon a March his place is in the Front before the first Rank but behind the Captain in his charging of an Enemy he is to charge with the Captain and endeavour to break his Standard upon the Enemy and being broken and falling to the ground he is not to regard taking it up again his honour lying much in the breaking of his Standard in chase either of Horse or Foot But if the Enemy should take the Cornets Standard unbroken it were to him a great disgrace And this is contrary to the practice of an Ensign in the Infantry the preserving of whose Colours is ever esteemed his greatest glory as is evident in the Example of one Jaques Martaeus who when most of his Souldiers had forsaken him he fought so long as he could and finding himself over-powred wound himself up in his Colours and dyed The Cornet of Cuirassiers in march hath his place at the head of the Troop and presenteth himself in the Alarm-place but in fight in the midst of the Troop having two third parts of the Souldiers behind him And this is the place of his marching in these times which does most agree with the manner of marching of the Infantry where the Ensign marches before the division of Pikes The Souldiers in the Front-division of the Troop must be those best armed and the most couragious He must keep a List of the Troop and send so many to the Guard as the Captain or Lieutenant shall appoint Once every day he is at the Lord-Generals passing by the Troop to do obeysance to him by inclining his body and Cornet towards the ground VIII Of the particular Quarter-Masters THe Quarter-Masters duty is when all the Troops are lodged together to accompany the Quarter-Master-General in his laying out of the general Quarters but if they are to be lodged in several places some of the particular Quarter-masters accompany the Lieutenant-General others the Commissary-General and if a Captain command the Quarters then the particular Quarter-Master maketh the Quarter There is much trust reposed in him as the distributing of the Word and the Billets and therefore ought to be honest and true to his charge When he goes with the Quarter-Master-General to make the Quarters or Lodgings he must be very diligent taking with him two or three of his Souldiers which are to return to their Troop as guides to conduct the rest to their Quarters IX Of the Corporals THe Corporal is to assist his Lieutenant in placing the Sentinels the Harquebusiers are to discover and scoure the ways and to officiate as forerunners or Scouts under the charge of one of their Corporals who must be an experienced person in respect of the ways If any place of importance be to be guarded a Corporal with his Squadron is sent thither he must be capable of good literature for that he must keep a particular List of his Squadron X. Of the Trumpeters A Trumpeter ought to be a politick discreet and cunning person for that the delivery of Embassies to and from the Enemy are by him performed In going upon any such he ought to have a vigilant eye upon their Works Sentinels and other things that lye in his passage and privately conceal them till his return And in his discourse with his adversary very cautious and catching or circumventing him by trapping him in his parley Besides this he must sound all the sounds of the Trumpet as the Bontezelle that is Set on the Saddle the Cheval which is Mount on Horse-back the Standard that is Repair to your Colours One Trumpet must always lodge with the Cornet for which the Captain must give allowance and he must always have his Trumpet about him upon a sudden Alarm XI Of the Auditor THe Auditor ought to be a man of great integrity and understanding in the Law In the absence of the Auditor-General he heareth and judgeth the causes of the Cavalry and maketh report thereof to his General or in his absence to the Lieutenant-General without whose order he cannot execute any of his sentences He is to keep neer the person of the General or Lieutenant-General who are to see him respected He is to take notice of the prizes of Victuals brought to the Quarters of Horse that they be sold at reasonable rates and to see that the Victuals suffer no extortion by the Provost-Marshal or his Officers In the States Army and at this time
Van-guard to guard the Waggons Next marched the Battail of Foot consisting of four Regiments and after them as before three Waggons with 3000 pound of Powder and one with 1000 pound of Match and one with 1000 pound of Musquet-bullets with empty bags as aforesaid After them followed the Reer-guard of the Foot Then the Waggons belonging to his Highness the States and all the Officers of the Army as also of the Foot-voluntiers Next the Ammunition Materials and other necessaries belonging to the Army upon 485 Waggons under the Command of Commissary Martien followed by four Troops of Horse Then the Ammunition and necessaries belonging to the Artillery under Commissary Bockbout After followed the rest of the Artillery to wit twelve Half-cannon six Chambred-pieces of twenty four pound Bullet twenty four Drakes of six pound Bullet and twenty four of three pound Next came the Officers and Train belonging to the Artillery After them one Company of Pioniers with fifty Fire-locks and one Waggon loaden with Victuals then the Commissary of the Vivers with 100 Waggons loaden with bread and provision After him eight Troops of Horse followed with one Waggon loaden with 1000 pound of Powder and one with 1000 pound of Match as also empty Bags to deal the Powder Then a Lieutenant with a Guard as is aforesaid And last of all six Troops of Horse Note that his Highness in place of this Lieutenant and his Guard doth usually appoint a Regiment of Foot to come in the Reer to guard the Waggons How to pass a strait WHen you come to any Passage or Strait Let your Van-Guard make a Halt until the rest of the Army be come up and drawn in order of Battle and then divide the Troops and fit them to the bredth of the place you are to pass through and let every Troop when it is passed put it self into the same order it was in before it came to the Strait and advance so far forwards as that the Troops that follow may have room likewise to draw in order and then stand until all the Army be come thorow If the passage be Woody where no discovery can be made send not above twenty or thirty Horse before for discovery of the Passage in Front but let the rest of the Horse of the Van-guard march between the Van-guard and Battle of Foot until they be past the Strait The manner of passing a River IF you be to pass a River and that the Enemy be not at the Passage but on his way to hinder you First draw your Army in Battalia and plant some pieces of Artillery in places most advantageous to succour your Troops in their passage and if you find that he is stronger then you in Foot let your Horse pass first over and chuse a fit place to stand neer the way that the Enemy is to come and let them send some light-light-Horse before to discover then let your Van-guard of Foot with some Field pieces follow and find a place to stand in Battalia after it let the Battle march and place it self on the left hand of the Van-guard then the Reer-guard which shall likewise take the left hand of the Battle each with their Field-pieces belonging to them The Troops being past the rest of the Ordnance with their Train shall follow then the baggage of the great Officers and lastly the baggage of the Troops in the order of March. But if your Enemies chief strength consist in Horse then shall you send no more Horse over then shall be fit for discovery but let the Van-guard of the Foot pass first and after it the Horse belonging to the Van-guard which shall place themselves in Battalia on the right hand of the Foot then shall follow the Battle which must stand on the left hand of the Van-guard after it the Horse of the Battle which shall cover the Flank of the Battle until the Foot of the Reer-guard be come up and then they shall edge to the left hand and leave room for the Reer to come in between them and the Battle and stand on the left Wing which is their due place then shall follow the Horse of the Reer which must be divided indifferently between the two Wings and last of all shall march the Artillery Ammunition and baggage in the order aforesaid If you be to pass a River and have an Enemy at your back when you have made your Bridge send over eight or ten Pieces and place them in places most convenient to annoy your Enemy if he offer to come to trouble you and then cast up a Horn-work or fair half Moon upon the side you are on and place therein five or six Field-pieces then let the rest of your Ordnance be drawn over and planted likewise on the other side in places most commodious for the advantage aforesaid After them shall follow your Ammunition and baggage then the Horse and lastly the Foot in good order bringing with them the Pieces left in the Works which shall pass safely under the Command of the Ordnance planted on the other side and break up the bridge after them Having thus far proceeded I should in the next place let you see a List of the Ammunitions Materials and other Warlike provisions which the Prince of Orange takes with him in Shipping when he goes to the Field as also what he takes out of it to be carried upon Waggons when he marcheth by Land with the Waggons thereto necessary But since I have first spoken of the marching of an Army with eight half-Cannon six quarter-Cannon and sixteen Field-pieces I will set down what Ammunition and other things are needful to march with them allowing every half-Cannon to shoot an 150 shot every quarter-Cannon 100 and every Field-piece 80. A List of Ammunition and other necessaries to March with eight half-Cannon six quarter-Cannon and sixteen Field-pieces allowing every half-Cannon 150 Shot every quarter-Cannon 100. and every Field-piece 80. with the number of Waggons thereto needful BUllets for half-Cannon 1200 whereof 40 upon a Waggon 30 Waggons Bullets for quarter-Cannon 600 upon each waggon 80 8 Waggons Bullets for the Field-pieces 1280 upon each waggon 160 8 Waggons Powder 24400 24 Waggons Boxes for Cartridges 160 upon each waggon 40 4 Waggons Capravens or great Joysts 30 upon each waggon 10 3 Waggons Small Joysts 40 upon each waggon 20 2 Waggons Oaken planks for bedding 60 upon each waggon 10 6 Waggons Deal or Firr-planks 100 upon each waggon 25 4 Waggons Spars of all sorts 100 upon each waggon 50 2 Waggons Two Bucks-heads or Gins with the appurtenances belonging to them to mount and dismount the Pieces 2 Waggons For Hurdles 4 Waggons For spare Ladles Rammers Spunges and Leavers 1 Waggon For Traces Lines to draw Ordnance and Collars for Horses 3 Waggons For the preparation for Ropes 1 Waggon For the Harness-maker and his Tools 1 Waggon For Spades Shovels Axes Hatchets Chopping-knives and Mattocks 3 Waggons For Lanthorns Candles Lamps Tucks Greace and other like
the general being thus largely discoursed of I proceed next to the particular Quartering of the Souldiery Giving you VI. Examples of Quartering a Regiment both after the Old and New way With the Reasons which moved the Prince of Orange to alter the old Form VII I have discovered the manner of Quartering the Horse giving you an Example of Quartering four Cornets by which President a whole Regiment or Regiments may be quartered in the like manner VIII You have the manner of Quartering of a Foot-Army and IX An Example of Quartering of a whole Army both Horse and Foot and for an Example have added a Scheme of the Form in which the Prince of Orange Quartered his Army both Horse and Foot Artillery Waggons c. And to bring up the Reer for the farther satisfaction of the Reader I have added divers Orders for Watching and other General Orders to be observed in the Quarters with what else is necessary for the Encamping of an Army either in part or in whole What Rules are to be observed in the choice of the Ground to Quarter in IN chusing your Ground for your Quarters let it as neer as you can be upon high Ground lest your Enemy being higher may have an advantage of you by that means 2. Let it be neer no Woods nor Groves where your Enemy may lie in ambush and sally out upon you and vex you yet let it not be very far from neither Wood nor Water they being two as necessary things as can be But let the Ground be champion the better to discern your Enemy at a distance and if possible neer some River for the relief of Men and Cattle and for the cheaper conveying of necessaries for the use of the Souldiery 3. See that the Ground you quarter upon be not at any time subject to overflow with Water nor that any Water be let in upon you by Sluses or otherwise 4. That no boggy moorish or unwholsome Grounds be neer your Quarters which may be a means to bring Diseases and Sickness among the Souldiers 5. That Forrage Wood and Straw be neer you or may be easily conveyed to you 6. That the Quarters be not too neer your Enemy for fear of their Cannon nor very far distant but that timely relief may be given to the approachers 7. That the Ground be of a competent largeness to contain the number of Companies Horse Foot Artillery and other necessaries thereunto belonging with allowance of fit dimensions for every particular But it will rarely fall out that any place you can chuse will have all these conveniencies wherefore gain as many of them as you can and for the rest you must by industry supply Wherefore above all let the Fortifications and Intrenchments about your Quarters be well made and guarded lest by the neglecting of them you be surprized and your Enemy hinder your relief How the Quarter-master is to design his Quarters when the Ground is chosen THis work is not to be done of a sudden but the Quarter-master knowing the place where the Quarters are to be let him go to his Chamber and there consult with his List which he is to quarter namely how many Regiments of Horse how many of Foot what Waggons what Artillery and whatsoever else as Sutlers c. he is to quarter also how many Companies there is in each Regiment and how many men in each Company He having collected and gathered them all together in a Note let him take some pieces of fine past-board and cut them into pieces 300 foot by some small Scale deep and so broad as to contain the number of men of such a Regiment either Horse or Foot he is to quarter allowing true distance of Ground both for Hut Passage Stable c. and at that length let him cut off his past-board square and write upon that past-board the Colonels name and number of men and thus must he do for every Regiment both of Horse and Foot In like manner for the Generals Quarters and his Retinue for the Provost Quarter-master Minister Chirurgion and all others that require single Quarters and likewise for the Waggons and Sutlers All these must he lay one according as he finds their Numbers greater or lesser in his List and cut his past-boards accordingly writing upon them as before His past-boards being thus prepared let him upon a Table or rather upon a sheet of Imperial or Royal paper draw divers occult parallel lines at 50 foot distance for Streets and spaces of 300 foot for his several Regiments By help of these parallel Lines he may lay his past-boards upon this paper and move them this way and that way till he have brought them into a Square or Parallelogram or as regular a form as they will permit He having thus disposed them to the best advantage in his judgment he may draw a Scheme or Plat thereof upon fair Paper or Parchment writing the name of every Colonel and his number of men upon his particular Quarter with the Generals Quarters Market Streets Lanes c. making thereof a perfect Map and adding a Scale thereto he may measure the distance of any part thereof at pleasure This being done he may repair to his General and shew him his design which if he approve of he may proceed to the laying out of the Quarters in the Field The Past-boards laid together How the Quarters are to be laid out in the Field THe paper-design being approved on the Quarter-master-General repairs to the Field the several Quarter-masters of every Regiment accompanying him each of them having four staves of nine or ten foot high painted of the Colour of their Regiment with a Standard or Banner at the top thereof Then the Quarter-master-General coming to the Field with a Surveying Instrument pitcheth it down at one of the angular points of his Quarter and taking his sights setteth off a right Angle from the point where his Instrument standeth and measureth from thence with a Chain the whole length of his Quarter and at the end of that measure he setteth up a Standard of the Colour oâ— that Regiment that is to be quartered in that angle of the General Quarters Likewise from his Instrument at right angles he measureth out the bredth of his Quarters and at the end of that measure he causeth another Standard to be erected of the Colour of that Regiment that is to be there quartered and going to his Instrument he causeth another Standard to be erected there of the Colour of the Regiment that is there to be quartered Then removing his Instrument from this first place let him carry it to any of the other Standards and there place it laying his Index and sights upon the Diameter thereof and turning it about till he see his Standard that was set up where his Instrument last stood then fixing it there turn the Index to a Right-angle and looking through the sights measure out the length or bredth of your Quarters that way and
by consent of the Fiscal and knowledge of the Marshal-General upon forfeit of the Goods the one half to the poor the other to the Marshal 6. No man shall buy any Goods without sound of Drum as also notice to be given to the Marshal upon forfeit of the Goods and six Gilders in money 7. No Sutler Saylor or any other person shall buy any Iron Metal or any other thing belonging to Bells Arms Bullets Powder or any thing belonging to Ammunition or any other forbidden Wares or take any such thing to pawn upon forfeit of the same and also to be openly whipped 8. No man shall make any Arrest or go to Law upon any old Action or Debt made before or without the Leaguer 9. All Prisoners as well of our own men as of the Enemy whether deserving bodily punishment or otherwise are to be delivered to the Marshal-General with true notice of their offences and accusations 10. All Marshals of Regiments Admiralty Artillery Guards or others shall stand under the Marshal-General 11 No man shall set any price upon Victuals or any Leaguer-provision within the Leaguer without the consent of the Marshal-General upon pain of being severely punished 12. No man shall abuse the Marshal-General or his servants by word or deed or offer them any violence upon pain to be hanged without mercy 13. No man shall Suttle in the Leaguer before he hath given up his name to the General of the Victuals and Provision and also to the Marshal upon pain of six guilders 14 All Sutlers that come into the Leaguer shall give notice to the General of the Victuals or to his Commissary of their Wares and must not Suttle without his Commission upon the like pain 15. No Sutler shall set up his Cabbin in any other place then where is appointed by the Marshal upon the like pain 16. No Sutler shall buy any Provision within the Leaguer until it be brought to the place appointed for Market and there prized and taxed upon forfeiture of half the goods so bought or sold to the use of the Poor and Marshal aforesaid 17. No Sutler shall use any Weights or Measures but such as are ordained them by the Marshal-General upon pain of six guilders and those that are found to use false Weights or Measures shall forfeit their goods the one half to the poor in general the other to the poor of the Regiment and also to be severely punished 18. No Sutler shall tap Beer or Wine in the morning before the Sun rise or at night after the Warning-Piece goes off upon pain of forfeiting for every offence three guilders 19. No man shall kill any meat within the Leaguer but shall carry all garbage and filth thereof without the Leaguer and there bury it upon pain of forfeiting of six guilders for every default 20. No man shall do his easment within the Quarter but in the place appointed which must be 100 foot without the Intrenchment and be marked out by the Marshals of every Regiment upon forfeiture of his upper garment Orders for Watching A Company having the Watch at an Avenue or Trench the Souldiers shall place their Pikes in Battalia a little distance from the Parapet and their Muskets in order upon the Parapet No Captain Officer or Souldier whatsoever shall absent himself being in health from his Watch. No Souldier shall be suffered to hire his duty or to put one of his fellows to stand sentinel for him if he do he is to be punished without favour Every Sentinel shall stand full armed and not stir from his station until his Corporal relieve him upon the like pain The Corporals shall instruct the Sentinels how they must behave themselves and be careful to set them out at such a distance as they may see each other A Sergeant-Major or some better qualified Officer shall every night go the Round and see the Watches be well ordered and the Sentinels duly set out and if he find any defect or fault in the Guards he shall acquaint the Sergeant-Major-General with it that it may be amended When the Round comes an Officer accompanied with some Muskettiers shall readily give the Word and not hold the Round long up The Corporal in taking the Word shall do the same Note That some are of Opinion that the Corporal in the Field ought to give the Word to no man but take it from all that pass to prevent the inconvenience that may happen by giving it to an Enemy which coming secretly may pretend to have the Round and I have known that the Prince of Orange hath ordained that the grand Round should give the Word to the Officer that had the Watch. One of the chief Officers of the Company or Troop shall continually keep waking and stirring to keep the men by their Arms and there must be never less then the third part of the Company or Troop afoot to be ready upon all occasions The Officers must have a care and see that the Sentinels be well and orderly placed and must go themselves and often send to visit them The Officers must be careful to keep all their men upon the Guard and to punish such as go off without leave Imbatteling OUr modern Warrs seldome bring Controversies to the trial of Battle for men now make War rather like Foxes then Lyons yet Germany hath of late given us some Examples and necessary it is to know in what order an Army may best receive or charge an Enemy To give you therefore some satisfaction therein I will let you see divers forms of Imbatteling Foot and Horse apart and together as they have been ordered by the Princes of Orange and others whereby you may learn how to range Troops when occasion doth require But I beleeve it will not be impertinent first to give you some observations considerable before and when you come to fight as also to speak a little of a Chase and Retreat Observations IF you be upon Defence venture not your Game at a cast your Enemy can loose but his Army you may loose your Countrey have a care that you be not forced to fight hinder him of Provision by cutting off his Convoys or burning all before him that he may gather none in the Countrey use some means to call him home by diversion or wait upon him in places of advantage as Straits and narrow Passages when he must march in small Divisions and draw his Troops into such a length that they cannot easily succour each other then finding opportunity attach him resolutely so shall you be sure if he be not a vigilant and expert Captain to do him an affront Many Examples there are in History of men that perished by pressing an invading Enemy to fight the Battails of Cressy Poitiers and others are fair warnings to perswade men not to presume or wilfully to hazard all in one day Had the Cardinal Infanta fought with the Prince of Orange and the French when they were in little Brabant without
doubt he had lost his Country In a word if you fight you set your fortune upon the Dice if you husband your business warily the storm will over If you be an undertaker the sooner you bring your Cause to trial the better you are like to speed delays are dangerous for change of Air Diet and other inconveniencies may breed sickness and divers ill humors in your Army and if your Enemy will not fight but make a Fabian or lingring War he may put you to your shifts therfore first acquaint your self with the strength and quality of your Enemies forces with the state of his Country with his own disposition and the disposition of those that are neerest about him and before you declare your self gain some of his great men if it be possible to take your part maintain good Spies in his Court. Forecast all that can further or hinder your design before you undertake it and let your Cause be just left you draw the vengeance of God and jealousie of other Princes upon you In your preparation let your first care be of the belly want of Victuals hath been the loss of many a brave design and the ruine of great Armies Let your men be well trained and such as have been used to exercise and labour if you can let them be all of your own Subjects provide plenty of materials and other necessaries for your design and use the means to begin your War with some notable loss to your Enemy so shall you terrify him and discourage his Allyes and friends from giving him assistance When you come to fight chuse ground as neer as you can to fight upon proper for the number and quality of your men if you be strong in Horse chuse champion if your strength be on foot and that you want Horse chuse uneven bushy or inclosed ground and place some Muskettiers in the distances between those Troops you have which may advance and give fire upon the Enemies Horse if they offer to charge cover one of your Flanks if you can with some River Morass or Wood. Make your Front so large that your Enemy may not be able with his Wings to charge you in Flank Let your Battalions be small as of five or six hundred at the most which may nimbly move charge retire or succour each other at their pleasures for great Bodies are unweildy and being forced to move cannot keep their order unless the ground be very even for upon uneven ground they will either fall foul or be forced to open and if an Enemy can then make use of his advantage and charge they are easily broken and being broken are irrecoverable whereas small Troops although they break may under the favour and succour of their seconds put themselves again in order and be able to do good service Use means to draw your Enemy off the ground he hath chosen to stand upon it may to your advange perhaps bring some disorder in his Troops Be sure to have store of Seconds and always keep some Troops in reserve rather give then attend the charge it will encourage your own men and dishearten the Enemy Charge on that hand you think your self the strongest Let the distances between the Battalions as also between the Terâ—â—a's of your Army be carefully kept and get the advantage of Sun and Wind if you can Of a Chase IF your Enemy turn his back and fly let the third part of your Van-guard Battail and Reer as also a third part of both the Wings of Horse be appointed for the Chase and let one third part of them so appointed chase the Enemy disbanded the rest following in their order to succour the disbanded Troops if the Enemy should turn head and make resistance and let the other two thirds of the Army leisurely advance in good order to countenance the Troops in Chase if occasion should require When you would have the Chasers retire let the Drums and Trumpets of those Chasers that keep their order sound the Retreat that the disbanded Chasers may know where to find their Troops and if it be night let the Drums and Trumpets of the rest of the Army likewise sound And let there be fires made in divers places in the Army whereby all the Chasers may the better find the way to their Quarter Of a Retreat TO make a good Retreat is one of the Master-pieces of a General nor is it dishonorable for him to take the advantage of any time that he finds useful for the safety of his Army and good of the Cause although some young Souldiers more hardy then wise think it a disparagement to retire in the night but he that will not retire in the night when reason and the benefit of his party doth require may stay and be beaten in the day Many Examples there are in Histories of Armies that have been lost by such gallantry and their party thereby ruined There is no experienced General so indiscreet or ill advised as to follow a retiring Enemy with his Gross in the night especially if he find him retire in good order for so he may be drawn into Ambuscadoes or his enemy may wait for him in places of advantage and do him an affront and what knows he when he finds the Retreat made orderly but his Enemy seeks to draw him out purposely to intrap him by this means the party retiring may before day get into a place of safety whereas if he retire by day his Enemy may safely follow him with his whole Army and pass upon all advantages whereof he shall find plenty in a well-ordered Army if he know how to make use of them and take his opportunity I therefore conclude that to retire by night without sound of Drum with matches covered or to use any other secret way to avoid an Enemy when occasion doth require is not dishonorable but the duty of a good Captain The Order that the Prince of Orange retired in from Gelders FIrst He possessed a high piece of Ground that lay half-way between Gelders and Rhineberk to which Town he was resolved to March and lodged there 2000 men well intrenched with some pieces of Ordnance then he made ready three ways for the Tertia's of the Army to march in Front before the Troops began to march he sent away the Baggage and great Ordnance with some part of the Ammunition An hour before day or thereabouts he gave Order that the Army should march and the three Tertia's drew out of the Quarter without sound of Drum and marched in even Front about 200 paces distant from each other until they came an English mile or more from the Quarter and then Command was given that the Drums should beat In the Reer of each Tertia came ten or twelve Field-pieces with Ammunition and all other necessaries belonging to them On either Flank marched sixteen Troops of Horse and after the Foot at a large distance came the rest of the Horse In this Order did he
at the Touch-hole make a hole through the Cartridge and then having primed it you may give fire as before How to Dispart any Piece of Ordnance THere are several ways to dispart a piece of Ordnance I will mention one or two in lieu of all the rest Now to Dispart a piece is To bring the Metal of the Muzzle-ring equal to that of the Base-ring or it is To find the difference of the Metal at the Muzzle and the Base-rings To effect which either of these wayes will declare First Take a small streight Stick or Wyer and put it downright into the Touch-hole of your piece and even with the top of the Metal of the base-ring this Stick taken out of the Touch-hole apply to the bottom of the Metal at the boâ—e of the piece and that part of the Stick or Wyer which stands above the Metal of the Muzzle-ring is the true Dispart for that piece Secondly Or take with a small silk or thred the Circumference of the Metal at the base-ring and also with another silk the Circumference of the Metal at the muzzle-ring divide either of these lengths into 22 equal parts and from each of them cut off seven parts half the difference that is between the length of these two strings is the true Dispart This way is in it self exact enough but I prefer the former far before it both for ease and exactness if carefully handled How to level your Piece to shoot at any Mark within Point-Blank YOur Piece lying upon his Carriage well fixed the Ground or Platform clean and even and your Gun cleansed loaded and wadded as is before directed and having disparted the same as was last taught Place the dispart upon the top or upper part of the muzzle-ring of your piece perpendicular or upright fixing it there with wax or the like then going to the breech of your Gun cause one of your Matrosses with a leaver to turn the piece towards the mark then the carriage there standing cause him to raise the piece or depress it till with your eye at about 2 or 3 foot distance from the breech of your piece you can see the very top or highest part of the Metal of the base-ring the very top of your dispart and the mark you are to shoot at all three in a right line which when you have found cause the piece to be kept there by putting a Coyn under it and when it is coyned look again and see if all be as you before left it if it be not cause it to be altered but if it be you may prime and give fire The first Shot being defective how to amend it in the second A Shot is said to be defective when it is either over under or wide of the mark aimed at to remedy this you must observe these few Directions following First If your Shot be right to your Mark but yet over it is a sign your Dispart is too short which you may remedy by placing a dispart upon the muzzle-ring of such a length that looking by the base-ring and the mark the shot last made you may see the top of the dispart with this new dispart level your piece to the mark prime and give fire and doubtless your shot will prove good Secondly If your Shot be just under the mark then look how much the dispart is over the Mark of the Shot last made and cut it so much shorter that looking at the breech of the Piece you see the mark of the last Shot and the top of the dispart in one right line then by this dispart level your Gun to the Mark and give fire Thirdly But if your first Shot had been level with but yet to the right hand of the Mark to remedy this stand at the breech of the piece looking over the dispart at the mark the last Shot made and upon that part of the base-ring which you then look over set up a pin with a little wax so this pin will be in a right line with the dispart and Mark of the Shot then level the piece again by help of this pin and the dispart to your assigned Mark and without Question you will make an effectual shot Fourthly But if your shot be both wide and too high or too low then both the former rules must be applied to regulate it which reason will best direct how to perform And here note that these defective Shots last spoken of are not or may not be in the fault of the Gunner for let him dispart and level his Gun never so well he may make a bad Shot for 1. The Wind may alter the Range of the bullet 2. The irregularity or inequality of the thickness of the Metal of the piece may much impede 3. The uneven lying of the piece in the Carriage and many other reasons not here to be enumerated To make a good Shot in a dark Night at a Mark that hath been shewn you in the Day-time MOunt level and dispart your piece at the assigned Mark in the day-time according as hath been before directed the piece thus remaining from the bottom of the muzzle-ring let fall a Line with a plummet at the end thereof having a point and where the point toucheth the platform there make a Mark and take also the length of that string or run a pin through the string in that place do the like by letting fall the same line and plummet from the breech of the piece and make a Mark upon the platform as before and the length of the string Then though your Gun be moved out of its place yet you may in the darkest night by help of a dark Lanthorn bring your piece to the former position which being primed and fired will doubtless come neer if not hit the Mark. How you may shoot at your Enemies Lights in his Quarters in a dark Night BRing your piece upon your platform to lie right against your Enemies Lights then take two pieces of lighted match one so much longer then the other as is the true dispart of the piece you are to shoot with place the longest of them upon the muzzle-ring of your piece and the shorter upon the base-ring thereof and there fix them upright with wax then elevate or depress your Gun till at a distance with your Eye you espy both your Matches and the Enemies Lights all in a right line which done prime and give fire How you may make a Shot at a party of Horse or Foot as they pass by as also at a Ship Sayling up or down a River Your piece being charged let it be laid in the Carriage at little or no elevation that it may shoot about brest-high then dispart it and direct it against some Mark that lies just in the way they are to pass if the ground they are to pass be higher then your platform mount your Gun accordingly if lower depress it if level then as before your Gun thus prepared in their
fit to be used in the exercising of Regiments ibid. Several firings to be performed upon the former figure and how to be managed by the several Officers Pag. 152 The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of seven Companies containing in the four Captains 12 files of Muskettiers and six of Pikes in each of their particular Companies and in the three Field-officers 16 files apiece of Muskettiers and eight of Pikes which amounts to the number of 864 men Pag. 153 The manner of drawing up and placing the Officers of a Regiment consisting of eight Companies having in it a Col. a Lieut. Col. a Major and five Captains their number of men in each Company being equal with the former Regiment they amount unto 972 men Pag. 158 How to make the figure of a Ring with its use and service Pag. 160 The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of ten Companies having in it seven Captains and three Field-Officers being in each particular Company the former numbers which in all amount to 1198 men Pag. 162 The manner both of the drawing up and the order of the Long-march of Col. Rainsborough his Regiment bringing up the Reer of the Foot of the Army under the Command of the Lord General Fairfax at their first marching through the City of London on the seventh of August 1647. Pag. 164 A third way of drawing up a Regiment of ten Companies after the manner used amongst the Swedes Pag. 165 The way of drawing up a Regiment consisting of 12 Companies the nine Captains having 18 Files in each Company and the three Field officers every one of them 24 files whereof there are two thirds of Muskettiers and one of Pikes in each particular Company amounting in all to 1404 men Pag. 168 The manner of drawing up a Regiment according to the Swedish Brigade Pag. 169 The manner of drawing up a Brigade or Tertia being a third part of an Army according to the practise of the Netherlands under the Command of the Prince of Orange Pag. 171 How to draw up an Army of 12 Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men Pag. 173 The several duties belonging to the Foot in a Regiment as followeth by degrees from a private Souldier unto a Colonel of the same and first of a private Souldier c. Pag. 176 Of Military Watches Pag. 187 The ordering of a private Company unto a Funeral-occasion Pag. 190 The ordering of a Regiment to a Funeral-occasion Pag. 192 Last of all the Postures of the Musket performed without the Rest The CONTENTS of the SUPPLEMENT HOw the Officers of an Army in general ought to be qualified 197 Of the General of the Horse 198 Of the Lieutenant-General of the Horse ibid. Of the Commissary-General 199 Of the Quarter-master-General ibid. Of the Captain 200 Of the Lieutenant ibid. Of the Cornet 201 Of the particular Quarter-masters ibid. Of the Corporals ibid. Of the Trumpetters 202 Of the Auditor ibid. Of the Provost Marshal ibid. Concerning the Enrolling Arming and Exercising of the Cavalry 203 Of the Arming of the Cuirassier ibid. Of the managing of the Horse and Arms. ibid. Of the Exercising of the Cuirassier 204 Of Exercising the Harquebusier and Carbine 207 Postures for the Snaphans-Carbine ibid. Of Exercising the Dragoon 208 Of Exercising the Cavalry in their Motions ibid. The Marching of an Army 217 The Order that the Prince of Orange marched in to Besiege Grel 219 How to pass a Strait 220 The manner of passing a River ibid. A List of Ammunition and other necessaries to march with 221 A List of Ammunition and Warlike necessaries that the Prince of Orange takes with him into the Field 222 What rules are to be observed in chusing Ground to Quarter in 227 How the Quarter-master is to design his Quarters when the Ground is chosen ibid. How the Quarters are to be laid out in the field 228 The securing of Quarters by Entrenchments Redoubts c. 230 Quartering of Horse 232 How the Prince of Orange his Army was Quartered with the General Officers Artillery Waggons c. 233 Orders to be given out in a Quarter 234 Orders for Watching 235 Imbatteling 236 Observations ibid. Of a Chase 237 Of a Retreat ibid. The Order that the Prince of Orange retired in from Gelders 238 A short Treatise of Fortification Regular and Irregugular c. 239 Two principal Propositions Geometrical useful in Fortification ibid. Two useful and necessary Tables 242 The strengthning of a Fort by Half-moons Redoubts c. 243 Of the Half-moon ibid. How to delineate a Raveline ibid. Of the Horn-work ibid. Of Irregular Fortifications ibid. Some Principles of the Gunners art 245 The names of the Pieces of Artillery most in use 247 The Ichnographical Description and names belonging to the several parts of a Cannon or other Piece of Artillery 248 What proportion the Carriage is to bear to the Gun as also of the Rammer Ladle Lanade or Spunge c. ibid. How to load any Piece of Ordnance both surely and safely 249 How to Dispart any Piece of Ordinance 250 How to Level a Piece to shoot at a Mark within Point-blanck 251 The first Shot being defective how to mend the second ibid. To make a shot in a dark night at a Mark shewn in the day-time 252 How to shoot at the Enemies Lights in a dark night ibid. How to make a shot at a Party of Horse or Foot as they pass or at a Ship sayling ibid. The composition making and use of the Granado and Petard 253 FINIS
a short time will reduce them to their former places without using these thred-bare words As you were variety being more profitable and delightful unto them provided they understand it then to accustom them in an ordinary and plain way of reducing But here some men will be ready to carp and say that I have troubled my self to little purpose in setting down more Doublings then are used abroad upon service To whom I answer that there are none if rightly understood but are of singular use one time or another either in private Meetings or in those great Nurseries of Military Discipline the famous Academies of this our Island the Artillery and Military Gardens who for Field-service have train'd up and sent forth many worthy able and gallant Souldiers into the Armies lately raised in our Nation between the King and Parliament whom I pray God happily to reconcile But suppose many of these Doublings have not been seen by some to be used in the field Are they not therefore useful perhaps not at such time they have had no occasion for to use them all which if not must they be rejected I answer positively that being rightly enquired into they have in them very useful and serviceable things against an Enemy whether it be in the Field or in Garrison As for Example the Muskettiers being brought either all into the Front or Reer or upon one of the Flanks which often hapneth an Enemy appearing there then they would be of sigular good use for our advantage and very disadvantageous to the Enemy The like may be spoken of the Pikes who are by several of these Doublings brought into those places being there very serviceable to receive a desperate Charge of Horse if upon any of these parts they should fall on Observe further that in many of these Doublings as the one arms shall face or charge against an Enemy so contrariwise the other lies more secure in safety to be preserved from danger of the shot Moreover according unto the number of men either in Length or Depth a Leader may by these words of Command or the like at the same time double his Front Reer or Midst by doubling of Ranks and may farther make use of them at one and the same time to double by Files his right left Flank and Midst all at one instant But I shall not need to set down words of Command for the doubling Front Reer Flanks and Midst after this manner but leave that unto the apt Souldier to make use of such words of Command formerly shewen and to frame them suitable for any such purpose so intended But before I shall conclude concerning the use of these Doublings as I said before there are many of them which by command will bring any men in the Body to fight unto that part which shall be most weak or assaulted by an enemy And again he may cast them so into the Body by a doubling as shall preserve from danger whom he shall think fit And to say more there is no part of the Body or Arms but by words of Command in doublings may be brought forth as Frontiers against the enemy and may be placed again into the midst of the Body for more security and others in like manner may be brought forth for their relief Therefore it much concerns all Souldiers and Commanders to be truly knowing in all the several kinds of Doublings out of which he may make singular good use according to his discretion at all such times as need shall require whether it be in Field or otherwise in Garrison CHAP. XXXVIII Of Inversion and Conversion NOt to omit any thing which may be beneficial for the knowledge of all them that intend to be good proficients in the Art of Military Discipline my subject in this Chapter shall be of Ranks filing and Files filing and Ranks ranking and Files ranking which are by some called Inversion and Conversion yet seldom mentioned by any Leader in the time of his Exercise for this reason as I suppose because the Souldiers for the most part are unacquainted with them which causeth all our Leaders in our private Meetings here in London to deliver forth unto their Souldiers such words of Command as may readily and aptly be understood by them which are Ranks File to the right or left or Files File to any hand which is no other then Inversion And again Ranks rank to the right or left either in equal or unequal parts or entire to the Front or Files to rank in the like kind may be termed Conversion And in my opinion they do the better that shall thus express themselves to the capacity of every Souldier then for to puzzle them with the words Inversion Conversion I intend therefore without curiosity plainly to set down their several Commands Directions and Reducements keeping my former method concerning Doublings For in all and every one of them they do either double the length or depth of the Front Reer Midst or Flanks no part of the Military Exercise affording more plenty of matter then they carrying always along with them many things of excellent use For example suppose a Prince General or any other person of quality were to pass thorow the Company a discreet commander would presently command their Ranks to invert or file to the right and left outward which immediately becomes as it were a Street or Gallery for the honouring and securing of their persons Moreover it is of use for the lodging of the Colours or upon Funeral-occasions or taking their leave from their Captain where they may pour forth their Volleys of shot all at one and the same time To be short being necessitated to march against a Battery it avoids the danger of the great Ordnance and likewise secures the Front of the Battalia from the imminent danger of any great shower of small shot poured forth by the Enemy As likewise it is of excellent use to march over a narrow Bridge or thorow a Lane Thicket or Salliport or such like difficult passages or if any Commander have a desire to use ancient Figures by it he may make the Saw Sheers or Diamond or being in one File they may aptly be drawn into a Ring where he that is an able posture-man standing in the midst may shew unto them their several postures and after easily reduce them again and thus much briefly of Inversion or Ranks filing Next come we to shew the excellent uses and services which may be performed by Conversion as first perceiving any man of worth to stand before the Front of the Battail or to pass by either of the Flanks then Ranks ranking or Files ranking into the Front or Ranks wheeling to either of the Flanks by these Commands the Souldiers aspects are thither brought to present unto him a volley of shot It is likewise very useful for the making of a Line against a Breast-work or lining of Hedges carrying it self several ways secretly to lie in Ambuscado
time that his Lieutenant Colonel shall come unto that place and then he is to bring up that Division being near at hand that if his Lieutenant-Colonel should upon some just occasions be called off he may immediatly move up and lead there in his absence For upon the Long-march as the Colonel leads the first grand Division so it is conceived by some they marching in two grand Divisions some twenty paces distance from each other in manner of two regimental Marchings that the Lieutenant-Colonel ought to lead the second Next let the First Division of Pikes be led by the second Captain and to be brought up by the fifth Captains Lieutenant and the second Division of Pikes to be led by the fifth Captain and brought up by the second Captains Lieutenant the last Division of Muskettiers to be led by the Majors Lieutenant and the Reer of the second grant Division being left for the Major to bring up at such time as with conveniency he may be spared Therefore to march thus it being a very good way and with very little alteration to be made I was unwilling to pass it by leaving it to the discretion of every ingenious Souldier to make use of which way he best pleaseth or likes of whilest I in the next place shall set forth the Figure which follows in pag. 161 affording more variety in the same CHAP. XV. How to make the Figure of a Ring with its use and service But methinks I hear some say Of what use or service upon any occasion may this Ring be unto the Souldier To whom I answer that it is one of the most serviceable Figures that can be made to secure the Souldier from danger against the furious charge of Horse in Campania the accomplishing or making of it up being easily and suddenly performed the Muskettiers having Pallizadoes may advance three or four paces and stick them down in such manner as they may keep the Horse from breaking in among them And after if they should be charged round they may give fire over them against their enemies and fall in the Reer of themselves yet nevertheless if the Horse should be undaunted and attempt to come on again they may resist them with a more desperate charge after this manner bringing all hands to fight and to pour out their shot or to fire altogether after this kind Command first the Pikes to move forward until they be three foot behind the Muskettiers then let every File rank to the right which will make them to stand but one abrest in one single Ring behind the Muskettiers Now that all hands may be brought to fight together command the first Rank of Muskettiers to kneel down the second stoop and the third stand upright then let all close forward to close Order and let the Pikes as occasion shall require charge betwixt the Muskettiers who may fire altogether and the Pikes may charge on whilest the Muskettiers make ready again The Pallizadoes formerly stuck keeping off the Horse from breaking in upon them they may fire after this manner as often as they please And so much may suffice to be spoken concerning the service and use that may be made of it in time of fight and now in the next place I come to reduce them into Companies again as at first Let the Pikes that ranked to the right file three to the left as they were and let the Bringers-up that doubled face about to the right and march forth into their places Then let the Major come to that place where he closed the Ring and brake it off wheeling them all along about to the left until he hath brought them to stand in one even Front as at first the same in like manner to be performed of the Pikes and to stand in the Reer of the Muskettiers Next let the Muskettiers and Pikes face outward and move to such convenient distance that after the Muskettiers may be subdivided again and the Pikes move up and double their Front inward entire in each grand Division Which being brought into that form each Captain may draw off his men being so commanded by the Major and compleat up his Company again and be after disposed of to farther duty or to march home to their Quarters according to command And here I shall conclude this Regiment of eight Companies CHAP. XVIII The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of ten Companies having in it seven Captains and three Field-Officers being in each particular Company the former numbers which in all amounts unto 1198 men THe Major having ground sufficient for the drawing up the Regiment after the Colonels Company hath made Alt next to him upon the left he draws up the youngest Captain which is the tenth and the next to him the third Captain which is the sixth after that the fourth Captain which is the seventh then the first Captain which is the fourth then the Majors which is the third next to him the fifth Captain which is the eighth and after that the second Captain which is the fifth then the sixth Captain which is the ninth All these being drawn up upon the left of the Colonels Company the closier of all upon the left is the Lieutenant-Colonels Company whose figure carries the number 2. Place now all these numbers of Dignity according to the former Figures and they will stand as followeth in a Rank 2 9 5 8 3. 4 7 6 10 1. 27 28. In the next place compare the Dignity of the right Half-ranks with the left and they are ballanced as neer as can be possible to be equal there being one odd which of necessity must be cast upon the right Half-ranks for the reasons formerly exprest in placing the second Captain into the Lieutenant-Colonels Division Then according to the former rule draw forth the Pikes and ingross them into two Bodies and the like of the Muskettiers after sub-divide the Muskettiers and make them four divisions and move them up to flank the Pikes and then they will be in two compleat grand Divisions In the next place let the Major order forth unto the Captains and Lieutenants their several places to lead and to bring up after this manner There being two grand Divisions having in them five Captains and five Lieutenants it will be necessary to appoint our five several Charges in the first grand Division to lead and five to bring up after this manner As first divide the Van-guard into two Divisions the first to be led by the Captain-Lieutenant and brought up by his Bringer-up the second Division of Muskettiers in the Van to be led by the third Captains Lieutenant and to be brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant The first division of Pikes is to have the three first Colours to fly upon the head of them and to be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the seventh Captains Lieutenant the next division of Pikes to be led by the fourth Captain having his own and the
they turn their backs He is also to distribute to the Captains and other Officers such Orders as he shall receive from his Colonel or other Superior Officer In marching with the Regiment not alone but with the Army he must know from the General Martial or Major-General whether the Regiment be to march in the Van-guard Battail or Reer He ought to have some knowledge or information of the Country whether it be long or streight thereby judging how to order his marching so as he may not be disturbed by the enemies Horse or Artillery Being troubled with Baggage if there be any difficult passage he ought to be there present to prevent such disorders as may happen giving directions for their placing and marching as they may not be any hinderance to the Regiment putting them in order again before the Regiment shall enter into their Quarters at which time he may give license to the Captains and their Ensigns to take their lodgings excepting only those who are appointed for Guardians who must enter the Corps du guard and place their Sentinels until such time as they shall be relieved by others Now if a Regiment be to be quartered or lodged either in the Field or under shelter if in the Field he must cause it to be barracado'd or intrenched by the Waggons or other defences of the Field after which he is to place his Corps du guard round about the Quarters and the Sentinels at so near a distance that they may hear one the other speak being about 80 or 100 paces off from the Corps du guard being placed double a Pike and a Musket and five paces from them other single Sentinels are to be placed which are called Perdues And in case of Alarm the Sentinel Perdue shall retreat to the double Sentinel and in case of necessity all together having given fire are to retreat to the Corps du guard He must likewise at divers hours of the night visit the Corps du guard and if an Alarm be given in the Field he is to betake himself to the Alarm-place of the Regiment and there to form his Battalion and to send men to double the Guards on that part where the Alarm was given and to give notice thereof to his Colonel or other Superior Officer if they be present of what passeth The Ensigns ought not to retreat unless their Colonel or he give leave no Order at any time ought to be altered but by him in respect he giveth none but such as he receiveth from the Colonel It is his duty to speak for Ammunition as Powder Bullets Match and for Victuals if there shall be any want in the Regiment which provisions ought to be delivered unto him and he to see it equally distributed unto the Companies according unto the proportion given out And likewise he is to give Order what proportion or number of workmen or commanded men shall be drawn forth to work If under shelter then he is to view the place both within and without appointing the places for the Corps du guards and Sentinels and the way of the Rounders that it be free It will be expedient for him to chuse the Alarm-place whither the Companies upon the Alarum given are to repair being the Rendezvous for the whole Regiment being careful to place sufficient Guards both upon the Walls and about the Gates for their more security Which being ended he may give leave to the Captains to go to their Lodgings and several Quarters there to remain until they shall be called upon Duties for the due performance whereof he is to cause them to cast Lots whereby they may know what part of the Walls may fall to their turn He is to command the Captains to enter the Guards about ten or eleven a clock in the morning he is likewise to open and shut the Gates at the rising or setting of the Sun and to place the Watches upon the Walls presently upon the shutting of the Gates and to relieve them upon the opening thereof And as he doth receive his directions for marching imbattelling viewing of ground and placing of Guards from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of that Brigade so he is to deliver them over to the Captains and Officers of that Regiment and to call upon them to whom it appertains to see them duly executed In the presence of his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel he is to be an assistant unto them in seeing all orders and directions duly performed and in their absence he hath the same authority and command as they He ought after he hath received the Word and Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of the Brigade he presently delivers them to his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel and afterwards to the Serjeants of every Company drawn in a Ring according to the Seniority of their Captains which are to come and attend upon him for the same In the absence of his Superiour Officers he giveth the Word himself every night he is to visit all the Guards of the Regiment commanding them duly to keep the turns of their Watches and Marches seeing that one Captains Company perform not more duty than another to the end that both the honour and labour may be equally divided among so he may exercise the whole Regiment being thereunto required by his Colonel or Lieut. Colonel in all their Distances Facings Doublings Wheelings and False firings or in their absence of himself he hath full power so to do To conclude he ought to be well grounded in all Military Affairs and to be both wise and valiant Of a Lieutenant-Colonel HE that is a Lieutenant-Colonel to a Regiment hath a very honourable place having power and command over all the Regiment in the absence of his Colonel and may also at such time exercise the Regiment in all the Military Motions and is to lead the Regiment upon the head thereof but when his Colonel is present he bringeth up the Reer if they march in one Division but if in two in some places he leadeth the second as his Colonel doth the first or if in three as formerly is shewen he commands the Van-guard the Colonel the Battail and the Major the Reer-guard His place is not of so great pains and toyl as the Majors is therefore he ought in the drawing up of the Regiment to be helpful and assisting unto him in that particular and in all others where he shall think fit To conclude the greatest affairs of the Regiment being carried forth by the Major there is the less remaining to be spoken concerning him but that he see all things duly observed throughout the Regiment according unto such orders received from those which are above him Of a Colonel IT concerneth every Colonel to take care that his Companies be full and compleat if it may be that they be well provided of Arms and to take cognizance what Exercises are continually performed by them communicating Orders and commanding all Officers of his Regiment what is
Souldiers who under pretence of some discontent for want of pay c. may thereby with less suspition receive entertainment from the enemy and if it be possible to be listed with the Horse whereby they may gain the fairer opportunities in Field or Garrison to give certain intelligence of all Designs and Occurrences in the enemies Quarters Before their departure from you let them take their several instructions for the more you have the better if they be design'd for several places and unknown unto each other both for times places of conveyance which places must be strictly observed duly searched for such informations as your Spies shall convey thither and thither let your answers advices be reconveyed for their further instruction Sometimes there may arise matters of such importance and consequence that it will not only be convenient to certifie by Letter but most necessary to make appearance in person and there to consult and advise together if perhaps the enemy shall be resolved to fall upon some of the opposite Quarters suddainly c. For Cursary Spies and present Intelligence the people of meanest rank and quality are the fittest Instruments as common Peasants Pedlars Sellers of Strong-waters or Tobacco and the like who may pass unsuspected and with more security effect your purpose There are yet another sort of Spies of another nature who are denominated double who being chosen to this Office upon great experience of their trust and constancy may in some cases be allowed to inform the enemy aright in some such affairs of yours as may not be prejudicial to you but to insinuate and win belief upon the contrary party and hereupon let them secure themselves into the private service of some of their Prime Officers whence they shall as being better acquainted more easily discover and more certainly inform of the enemies proceedings and intentions CHAP. XXIV Of Military Watches HOw necessary these Watches are in all Armies is evident to all men the grand and chiefest care whereof for order and direction resteth in the Serjeant-Major who issueth out such precepts therein to the Captains or Companies as he himself before received from his superior Officer according to the said precepts received whether it be in Garrison or Field the work and duty required is to be performed either by Squadrons or ful Companies having respect unto the strength or weakness of the place to be guarded and in such places as are most likely for the Enemy to make his approaches in and that there they be careful to fortifie the Guard above other places of less concernment which must be observed by the Major in surveying the Guards and Guard-places in his walking of the grand Round and so according as his discretion shall see fit to take from the stronger places of Guard such Souldiers as may supply the defects of the weaker The appointment of particular Guards unto particular Captains is in the power of the Major or otherwise he commandeth the Serjeant of each Company to attend him at his Quarters at any hour of the day as he shall think fit where every one that is to do duty upon the Guard that night taketh his lot in order which lots are shuffled together in an Hat which directeth him upon what Guard to attend that night This being done all the Serjeants that have their direction for the duty of the Guard are to make a Ring or Circle according to their degrees in Seniority To the Senior of all which Company of Serjeants the Major giveth the Word privately in his ear who after the same manner passeth it to the next and so from man to man unto the youngest who whispers it in the ear of his Major who sends it back again in the former manner for securities sake until it come to the senior Serjeant again who then leaves it in the ear of his Major which preventeth all mistakes for each particular Company The Guards being thus set in order the Officers relieved ought to inform the Officers of the Relievers of all the several duties of their several Guards c. Every Commander in Chief of that particular Squadron which he is appointed unto leadeth up his own Squadron from the Parade to their appointed Guard to which when they approach the Officer in Chief delivers the Word to the Corporal or his Lanspassadoe and they to their Superior Officers The manner of relieving is by planting a guard of Pikes next to the Relievers and adjoyning to them in the Reer a guard of Muskettiers through whom the Relievers are to pass and the Relieved to march back to their Quarters After all things thus set in order the Captain of the Guard in person by strict injunction commandeth every man to his duty from which no man either Officer or other is to depart without an especial license and in all Alarms to stand close and quietly to their Arms expecting further instruction and command what they are to do And all this time and constantly a Sentinel is appointed to guard the entrance into the Main-Guard Every Officer and Souldier in a Regiment is worthy of Honor Pay and Encouragement according to his Merit and Seniority and to this end there ought to be a perfect List of the names and number of all particular Souldiers and Officers in every Squadron which List or Catalogue is to remain in the hands of the several Corporals or Lanspassadoes which Corporals are diligently to see what defects there are of all several necessaries in their Corps du guard and to be careful that they be continually supplied which he must do by information to his Major and in case of his absence or neglect to his Captain who may inform the Governor that all wants of Fire Ammunition or Lights be made good and compleated The Corporals according to order and precept given to them are to dispose of the several Sentinels as well Pikes as Muskettiers and to have an especial care that they keep their Muskets prim'd and laden and their Match cockt and lighted with their Pan guarded which must be observed by their often visiting the several Sentinels to see that all things be in due order and with silence to the end that the Sentinels may always be heard as often as occasion is offered The Office of every Sentinel after he is placed upon his duty and in his due posture according as is above declared is to enquire of every passenger or other that shall but stir Who goes there yea though it be the Captain himself and howsoever the remotest Sentinel from the Corps du guard is to permit him with his Retinue to pass yet he is bound to have an eye upon them till he approach the nearest Sentinel to the Corps who upon the like demand is answered The Captain of the Watch which latter Sentinel commands him to stand and therefore with a loud voice calls forth his Corporal the Sentinel not stirring from his place or posture until
and Motion and for both here is provided Quarters and for the securing of the Quarters we have surrounded them with Intrenchments Redoubts Bulwarks Hanworks c. and for the defending and maintaining of these Works we have brought hither our Great Artillery The additional Treatises in brief are these 1. The Names Offices Duties and Qualifications of all Officers belonging to an Army from the General to the Private Souldier 2. The manner of Enrolling Arming and Exercising of the Cavalry both in Postures and Motions 3. The manner of the Marching of an Army both Horse and Foot with its Train of Artillery Bag and Baggage and all other necessaries thereunto belonging 4. The order of Designing Measuring and laying out the Quarters for the Encamping of an Army either of Horse or Foot or both together with the Artillery and all requisites with Orders for Watching and other Orders to be observed in the Quarters 5. The manner of Fortifying and securing of these Quarters by Intrenchments c. and how to Erect a Fort of any number of sides from four to ten with their several Ramparts Bulwarks Parapets and all other the appurtenances thereunto relating 6. There is added some part of the Gunners Art namely so much thereof as is necessary for a Souldier in general to know and in case of necessity to put in practice with the making and use of the two most material and serviceable Fireworks namely the Petard and Granado Other things I could have added but I with the advice and probation of my Military acquaintance deemed these sufficient and as the Book is Entituled The Compleat Body of the Art Military so I am perswaded that he that can attain to perfection in what is here delivered may be accounted a Compleat Souldier And that all Practitioners in the Art Military may attain to be such is the hearty wish of W. L. A SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military How the Officers of an Army in general ought to be qualified IN every Souldier especially a Commander these essential qualities are required viz. Knowledge Experience Valour and Dexterity of which how many are there that take upon them the profession of a Souldier that hardly know what any of the Words mean but think their patrimony a sufficient Commission for them to take a Command upon them they wanting Knowledge how to manage the men under their Command Experience in the Art Military being a stranger to them But certainly if such men did but seriously consider how various and changeable the state of a Souldier is that in a moment he may loose that honour and reputation he hath been many years obtaining and seen the ignominie and disgrace which some have come unto by their miscarriages they would doubtless be very cautious and not run headlong into an imployment of such importance But he that hath had experience by being under command for a time and arrived to the degree of a Captain gradually as from a Corporal to a Quartermaster thence to a Cornet and so to a Lieutenant he is then well prepared for a Captains charge for having passed these inferior Offices depresseth those vehement passions which by nature otherwise are apt to arise in young men which in a Commander are dangerous Besides his accustoming himself to the former employments maketh him Valorous so that if he be suddenly assailed he can recollect himself without astonishment and to the forementioned Qualifications adde this his accustoming himself to hardship as to Watch Travel Labour endure Hunger and cold c. His chief end must be Honour to attain which he must be vigilant and let no opportunity slip to attempt any brave exploit or stratagem And for that end he will be always observing his Enemy and contriving how to circumvent him in his designs knowing that in War no material matter can be effected without vigilancie and danger But let him not always trust to his own judgement but advise with his Officers also and upon any such enterprize let him take to his assistance such of his Souldiers as he sees deserve well and quit himself at such a time of the debauched part of his Souldiery He must always aspire to higher degrees of Honour Let him hate Covetousness for nothing more will continue his Souldiers good affections towards him then Liberality Gaming let him detest and instead of gorgeous Apparel let him delight in good Arms and Horses Let Lâ—â—â—ry and Drunkenness be enemies to him which his Souldiers perceiving will be the more vigilant to recâ—â—m in themselves by his Example But above all let him see before his eyes the fear of God deporting himself internally and externally blameless Thus by good Example of the Commander the commanded will be reformed Having given you an account how every Commander in general ought to be qualified I will now shew you the Office Duty and Qualification of every Commander in particular And I. Of the General of the Horse THe General of the Horse was wont to supply the place of Lieutenant-General of the Army and in the absence of the Lord General to command the whole Army It is true that the Lord Marshal forasmuch as he giveth the Orders according to the opinions of some used to have the superiority of Command whence it is that the Lord General absenting himself from the Army used to take along with him either the General of Horse or the Lord Marshal to avoid competition between them He must be a man of Experience and Valour having in charge the nerves of the principal Forces and upon whom the success of many designs and actions depend they being usually executed by the Cavalry where the charging of the Enemy orderly usually giveth Victory and the disorderly charging disturbs oft-times the whole Army Witness that Battle at Gembloers described by Meteren where the Infantry were overthrown by their own Horse He is to take particular notice not only of the Officers but the private Souldiers also rewarding them when vigilant and upon some signal act advancing them to higher preferment and punishing Delinquents and such as are deficient in their endeavours by which means the good will love and the bad fear him He is to see the Cavalry be furnished with all necessaries and be always in good equipage A Troop being to march he is to see that they be provided with Naggs for the preservation of the Souldiers Horses for with them they must go to forrage after their March and presently enter into Guard or Quarter without rest to refresh their Horses The Captains are not to absent themselves from their Companies nor to place of displace Officers without his leave and approbation He hath his particular Officers a part and in that which concerneth the Cavalry neither Lord Marshal nor General himself dispose of any thing without his advice When he passeth through the Quarters either of the Cavalry or Infantry his Trumpets are to sound but not where the Lord General is present or
have his Horse-head in ballance and at command then grasping the Pummel of the Saddle with his left hand and standing with his full body close to the Horse-side and just between the Bolster and Cantle of the Saddle always on the nere side of the Horse with the help of his right Hand he shall put the left Foot into the left Stirrup and with his right Hand taking fast hold on the highest part of the Cantle behind he shall by the help of both Hands gently but strongly and in an upright posture without inclining his body to either hand raise himself until he may stand perpendicular upon his left Foot and then casting over his right-leg place himself in the Saddle He being now mounted his Postures are as follow Command 2. Vncap your Pistols Direction Turn down the Caps of your Pistol-cases or Holsters with your right-hand Command 3. Draw your Pistol Direction Draw your Pistol out of the Case with your right-hand always the left Pistol first mounting the Muzzle of it Command 4. Order your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your Bridle-hand and remove your right-hand towards the Muzzle and rest the But-end upon the right Thigh Command 5. Span your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your bridle-hand and take your Spanner in your right-hand and put it upon the Axle-tree winding it about till it stick and return your Spanner to its place Command 6. Prime your Pistol Direction Holding your Pistol in your bridle-hand as when you Span'd it take your Priming-box in your right-hand pressing the Spring with your fore-finger to open the Box put Powder into the Pan. Command 7. Shut your Pan. Direction Press in the Pan-pin with your Thumb and shut it Command 8. Cast about your Pistol Direction With your bridle-hand cast about your Pistol and hold it on your left side with the Muzzle upwards Command 9. Gage your Flasque Direction Take your Flasque in your right-hand and with your fore-finger pull back the Spring then turn the mouth of the Flasque downwards and let go the Spring Command 10. Lade your Pistol Direction Press down the Spring which openeth the Flasque with your fore-finger and bringing the mouth thereof to the Muzzle of the Pistol turn the Powder into the Barrel Command 11. Draw your Rammer Direction Draw your Rammer with your right-hand turned and hold it with the head downwards Command 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home Direction Hold the Rammer-head in your right-hand and take the Bullet out of your mouth with your thumb and fore-finger and put it into the Muzzle of your Pistol and your Rammer after it and so ram home Command 13. Return your Rammer Direction Draw forth your Rammer with your right-hand and return it to its place Command 14. Pull down your Cock Direction Bring your Pistol towards your rightside with your bridle-hand and resting the But-end upon your thigh with your right-hand pull down the Cock. Command 15. Recover your Pistol Direction Take your Pistol into your right-hand and mount the Muzzle Command 16. Present and give Fire Direction Your Pistol being in your right-hand with your fore-finger upon the Tricker incline the Muzzle thereof towards your Mark with a fixed eye and by degrees on the right side of your Horse-head turning your right-hand so that the Pistols Lock may be upwards having obtained your Mark draw the Tricker and give Fire Command 17. Return your Pistol Direction Return your Pistol and with your right-hand put it into your Case Concerning the Snap-hans Pistol those Postures wherein it differeth from the Fire-lock Pistol are these Command 18. Bend your Cock Direction Hold your Pistol in your Bridle-hand and with your right hand bend your Cock Command 19. Guard your Cock Direction Pull down the Back-lock with your right hand it will secure the Cock from going off Command 20. Order your Hammer Direction Draw down the Hammer upon the Pan with your right hand Command 21. Free your Cock Direction Thrust back the Back-lock with your right thumb thereby to give the Cock liberty For the more easie and speeding lading of the Pistol for the gaining of time and avoiding the carrying of either Flask or Touch-box there is an invention of a Spanner or Key which contains six Charges of Powder at the least and priming-Powder sufficient for those Charges and for the Cartouches wherewith the Pistol-cases be furnished which the Cuirassier will find to be of very good use The Cartouches are made of white Paper cut into convenient breadth and length and rowled upon the Rammer or other small round stick the edge being passed down and the Rammer drawn out one end of the Paper is to be doubled in to keep the Powder from falling out these Cartouches are to be made so big as to fill neerly the bore of the Pistol and of length to contain as much Powder as the Pistol requires for a Charge When the Powder is in tie it with thred and then put in the Bullet also tying that also these the Souldier may make at spare hours and have them always by him When he uses his Cartouches he must bite off the Paper at the head of it and so put it into the Barrel of the Pistol with the Bullet upwards and then ram it home these being beforehand prepared it will much expedite the work of lading his Pistol The Cuirassier being well mounted and throughly exercised in his Postures the next thing he should apply himself unto is to be a good Marksman to attain which he must be frequently shooting at Marks on Horsback having such set upon a Tree some higher and some lower The Cuirassier being armed Pistol-proof he must not give fire but at a very neer distance being careful to make his Bullet do execution the principal place of advantage to aim at is the lower part of the belly of his Enemy his arm-pits or his neck Some are of opinion that it is not fitting for a Cuirassier to give fire till he have his Pistol under his Adversaries Armor or against some unarmed place and if he miss of an opportunity of hitting the man he may aim at the head or brest of his Horse He is commonly to give the charge upon a Trot and seldome galloppeth but upon a pursuit Having spent both his Pistols and having no opportunity to load again he must then betake himself to the last refuge his Sword placing the Pummel of it upon his right thigh and with his right hand to direct the point thereof by his eye raising it higher or lower as ocsion serveth aiming at his Enemies Neck Arm-pits Eye or about the Pummel of the Saddle at his Belly c. but being past his Enemy he is to make a back-blow at him aiming to cut the buckle of his Poldron thereby disarming one of his Arms c. Of Exercising the Harquebusier and Carbine NOtwithstanding there be some difference between the Harquebusier and Carbine in their Horse their Arming and their Piece
into the Field to be Exercised as it is in use at this day Let this suffice for their particular Marching and Drawing up into Battalia as for their Marching in gross we shall next come to speak of that Concerning The MARCHING of an ARMY Both HORSE FOOT With the Train of Artillery Baggage c. Exemplified in an Army of 22000 Foot and 5000 Horse With the manner how the Prince of Orange Marched to besiege Groll The Marching of an Army I Come now to let you see an Army of 22000. Foot and 5000 Horse with thirty pieces of Ordnance to wit eight Half cannon six Quarter-cannon and sixteen Field-pieces march in a Country where they may be charged either in Front or Reer then shall I give you some rules for passing of Straits and Rivers And lastly I will shew you the form and Order that the Prince of Orange observed in some of his Marches You are to observe that the Army is to be divided into Van-guard Battail and Reer and because the Van is the most honourable place they change every day so that he that hath the Van this day hath the Reer to morrow and he that had the Battle marcheth in the Van so likewise he that had the Reer the first day marcheth in the Van the third day and this Order doth the Regiment in every Tertia also follow Being thus divided they are all upon Order given by the General to stand ranged in Battalia either in their several Quarters or in some place of Arms appointed for the whole Army and standing so in readiness Command being given to March There shall first set forwards 500 Horse in one or more Troops as occasion shall require to discover and cleer all the Passage that the Army is to march by they shall advance an English Mile or more according to the Quality of the Country before the Army and send a Corporal out of every Troop which best knows the Country with fifteen or sixteen Horse to search and scoure all suspected ways those Corporals shall also advance as much before their Troops as their Troops are before the Army or thereabouts according as the Country is opened or covered and always keep three or four Horse a Musquet shot before them to prevent any sudden surprise and if they discover any Enemies they are presently to send a Horse-man to advertise their Troops and they likewise to give notice to the Army They must also diligently inform themselves as neer as possibly they can with the strength of the Enemy and still send Messengers with advertisement by whom they shall also receive Order how they shall retire or dispose of themselves After them shall follow 1000 with Fire-locks and Half-pikes divided into several Troops as well to succour the said Horse as to guard the Ordnance of the Van-guard that follow and they shall also send fifty men on either Flank with sufficient Officers to discover and keep off small parties Then shall march two Companies of Pioniers to even the way for the Artillery and with them one Waggon with Materials and an other with Victuals Next eight Field-pieces all ready charged and attended by two Gentlemen four Gunners two Waggons loaden with Powder two with Bullets and one Conductor Then three Quarter-cannon likewise charged and attended by one Gentleman two Gunners one Waggon loaden with Powder one with Bullets and one Conductor After them four Half-cannon upon their Carrages attended by two Gentlemen four Canoniers four Waggons loaden with Powder four with Bullets one with a Bucks head and other Instruments necessary to mount and dismount the Pieces and two Conductors Next shall follow 2000 Horse marching in a good distance by Regiments or Troops and in good Order After them the Van-guard of Foot consisting of 7000 and marching orderly by Regiments at their appointed distances There shall follow them half the Ammunition and Victuals for the Army then the Generals and Chief Officers Waggon and lastly the particular Waggons belonging to the Van-guard and half of that which belongs to the battail marching and taking place in the same Order as do the Regiments they belong unto in their several Bodies Then shall march the Battail consisting likewise of 7000 Foot followed with the rest of the Ammunition Vivers and baggage of the Battail and also with that which belongs to the Reer After them shall march in well ordered Divisions the Reer of the Foot consisting of 6000 Foot and next 2000 Horse as aforesaid Then in the same order as is mentioned in the Van-guard shall march four Half-cannons three Quarter-cannon and eight Field-pieces accomplished with their appurtenances as Powder Bullets necessary Instruments and sufficient persons to manage and attend them Next them 1000 Fire-locks to guard the Ordnance and succour the Forlorn-hope of the Reer as is aforesaid Lastly to close up the Army shall march 500 Horse observing the same Order as is prescribed them in the Van-guard Many there are that dislike the placing the baggage among the Troops especially when the Army is to pass any narrow way or straits because the Waggons take up so much ground and separate the Troops so far that upon occasion they will not be able to succour each other and it is certain that an Army thus divided may easily be affronted But there is no General so ill advertised being to pass a strait that hath not intelligence where his Enemy attends for him whether it be in Front or Reer And if his Enemy waits for him a head he can let his baggage come in the Reer next after the Reer of the Foot If he follow him he may place his baggage before the Van-guard of the Foot ever taking care to appoint a sufficient guard to attend it and in an open Country where the Troops may march in Battalia the Waggons may well march between the Troops placing themselves likewise in Ranks and making a Front as large as the Body they follow so shall they take up but little ground and be no trouble at all and there they are out of danger which otherwise they will be subject to if an Enemy be neer and strong in Horse The Order that the Prince of Orange Marched in going to besiege Groll FIrst marched the Horse belonging to the Van-guard After them two Companies of Pioniers with two Waggons loaden with Victuals and one with Quarter-poles Next the Enginiers and Quarter-masters a Horse-back Then followed the Guards and after them three Field-pieces of six pound Bullet and six Chambred-pieces of twelve pound Bullet with all things belonging to them upon ninteen Waggons five for the Field-pieces and fourteen for the Chambred-pieces Next came the Van-guard of Foot consisting of six Regiments and followed by three Waggons loaden with 3000 pound of Powder one with 1000 pound of Match and one with 1000 pound of Musquet-bullets and upon them sixty or seventy empty bags to deal out the Powder Then followed a Lieutenant with fifty men taken out of the