Store-keepers Gunners and Saltpeter-men who serve as well in the Army as in the Towns Arsenals and publick work-houses of France The great Master receives orders from no Officer but the General and gives them out in his Park The Bells of the Towns that are taken by Assault or Composition belong to the Artillery and the great Master sends Officers to make inventory of what is found in the Magazines Of the Lieutenant Generals The Lieutenat Generals Command the Artillery and its Officers in absence of the great Master The duty of their charge is to go view the ground for the Batteries to mark them out cause them be raised with all diligence and put in condition of Battering the place and Enemies they have the care of causing to be brought into the Trenches all the Arms and Instruments that may be needful and there to appoint Officers to distribute and deliver them out Of Commissaries Every Piece in a Battery hath its Commissary and Officers to serve it a Commissary must be bold skilful and experienced because he it is that levels the Piece by means of the Viser and Wedges which he causes to be raised or lower'd as much as he thinks convenient according as he knows how the Pieces carry and what their burden is When a Cannon is fired the Commissary is to observe if the Bullet works the effect that he desires to the end he may retain or change the manner of levelling it Of Gunners Every Piece in a Battery ought to have its Gunner as well as Commissary the duty of the Gunner is so soon as the Piece hath fired to cool it with a Sponge dipped in Vinegar or Urine without losing of time to put in the Powder Wad and Shot Two of those that serve the Gun take care to place the Piece again into his place the Commissary levels it and gives order to fire A Gunner who understands his Trade well has special care not to put the Powder into a Piece that has just fired until he hath first cooled it because of the heat that remains long in the Metal Every Piece ought to have its men to serve it its Store of Powder and Bullets of size with a provision of Hay for Wads but in such a place as no sparks can flie to The Instruments necessary to a Cannon are the Sponges to cool it the Cartridges wherein the Powder for charging is put the Rammer which serves to Ram it and the Wedges for levelling Of Miners and Fire-work-men Miners and Fire-work-men are also members of the Artillery the former are commanded by a Captain of Miners and serve to Undermine Walls dig holes which the French call Fourneaux under the Lodgings and Mines for blowing up the Bastions and Works of a place The employment of the others is to throw Bombes and to make all sorts of Artificial Fire to be cast into the place that is Attacked or from the walls of that which is defended CHAP. XVIII Of the March of an Army IT is the Generals prudence to order the March of his Army according to the commodiousness of the Country and the knowledge he hath of the Enemies Forces A great Army marches commonly in three great bodies the Artillery and Baggage in the middle but the Country must not be traversed with Marishes or Rivulets and there must be an easy communication between one body and another If the Enemy be on the right hand and the left covered by a River the Equipage should march on the side of the River and the Army in a body or two on the side of the Enemy having alwayes Detachments of Horse or Dragoons in the Van-guard and on the Wings When an Army hath long narrow passages of Woods or Mountains to pass through the General sends of immediately some Regiments of Foot and lines his Squadrons with Battallions leaving Foot in the Woods or on the heights to facilitate the passage of the Artillery and Equipage and as his Troops get through he draws them up in Battel array and keeps them so until all the Army have passed the Pass When an Army Marches in a Country where there is no fear of any powerful Army and where the General would have them live more at their ease he divides them into several Bodies which he sends by several wayes under the Command of General persons appointing to all of them a general Rendezvous The Army in a March is divided into the Van-guard the body of the Battel and the Reer-guard the Van and Reer-guards are Commanded by Lieutenant Generals and Mareschals de Camp the General abides commonly in the body of the Army from whence he sends his Orders to all places where there is need of them by his Aides de Camp or Adâ—utants or by his Majors of Brigads The Cavalry is divided into two Bodies and the Infantry march in the middle betwixt them the first Brigades have the Van-guard and Reer-guard by turns that is that they who have the Van-guard to day have â—he Reer-guard to morrow that is lone by making the Army File off one day to the right and the other to â—he left CHAP. XIX Of Encamping The way of Encamping Horse first Line Foot Horse Second Line Park of Artllerie Park of the Provisions Kings Quarters The Huts of the Quarter Masters and Serjeants are alwayes at the head of the Troopers and Souldiers and the Officers Tents behind The Camp of the first Brigade of the Army is on the right hand of the first line that of the second on the left the third is posted on the right of the second line the fourth on the left and the rest in the Center according to their seniority this is observed among the Horse as well as Foot The Dragoons are never Encamped in the Body of the Army but have their Camp at the Head or on the Wings in that side where the greatest danger is serving alwayes as an out-Guard for the Army Every Regiment ought to have a Guard at the head of their Camp and the Mareschal de Camp for the day takes care to place the great Guard half a League beyond the Army towards the Enemy chusing for that effect a place where all the Avenues may be discovered there it continues during the day and at night draws off near the Army at the head of the Foot When an Army Encamps near the Enemy and there is no River to divide them the General Entrenches his Camp and makes his men pass the night in Arms. Page 53. 1. st part The way of Encamping Lines of Circomvallation Lines of Contravallation The Trenches The River Artillerie Bridg The Kings Quarters Guard CHAP. XX. Of Sieges and Attaques WHen a General intends to Besiege a place he causes it first to be invested by a Body of Horse under the Command of a Lieutenant General and a Mareschal de Camp to hinder all succours from entering it whilest he himself is expected with the rest of the Army The manner of Encamping
at a Siege is quite different from that of a March Here the Army ought to Environ the place in such a manner that nothing can enter it endeavouring as much as may be to keep the Camps without Cannon-shot If the place stand upon a River there is a Detachment made of one part of the Army which takes its Quarters on the other side with Bridges of communication where Redoubts are made wherein are placed strong Foot-guards If it be encompassed with hills the heights are to be possessed from which the Enemies might extreamly incommode the Besiegers if they are once become Masters of them In a Siege the Army Encamps with their back to the place the Battallions lined with Squadrons The Ingeneers mark out the lines of Circumvallation and Contravallation with Redoubts and Angles in fit distances and every Regiment works at them in the place of its Quarter The line of Circumvallation is that which is beyond the Camps designed only to hinder any relief to enter The line of Contrevallation is betwen the Camps and the place which cures the Besiegers from Sallies When the General hath ordered his Camps placed his Guards as well on the side of the place as of the Country about and that he hath appointed Lieutenant Generals to Command in each Quarter with orders what to do he goes with his Ingeneers to view the place and orders the Attaque to be made at the part which he thinks to be weakest for that end he commands the first Regiments of Foot to be in readiness in more or less number according to the strength of the Besieged that he may open the Trenches and orders as many Squadrons as he thinks convenient to mount the Guard of them and to beat back the Sallies of the Enemies the Regiments which are to open the Trenches make their Detachments before they draw out of their Camps they furnish the number of Labourers that the Ingeneers have required with Officers to lead them and the time of marching out drawing near the Majors draw up the Battallions the Chaplains make the accustomed Prayers with a short exhortation at the end whereof they give a general Absolution and the Souldiers cry God save the King throwing their Hats in the Air. The Regiments draw off in good order Drums beating the Officers with Pikes in hand the party Detached at their front and come to the place of working where they receive Orders what to do from the Lieutenant General for the day or the Mareschal de Camp So soon as day ends all the Cavalry of the Army except those who have the Guard go and bring Faggots to the Reerward of the Trenches they who are appointed to defend the Labourers lay themselves on their Bellies some paces beyond the Counterscarpe and part of the Souldiers commanded to work begin to dig and cast up the earth according as it hath been marked out to them by the Ingeneers whilst the others bring them Faggots and Mattocks The Trenches ought to be six foot and a half high and four broad with Banquets for the convenience of the Musketeers and the Ingeneers should carry them on in such a manner that they be not open to the place when it cannot be otherwayes that part which is open is covered with great Faggots or Planks of wood called Madriers When two Attacks are made the first Regiment hath the right and the second the left The great Master or General of the Artillery carries on the works at the Batteries and brings thither the Cannon with a sufficient Provision of all that can be useful to the Trenches If there be no Rideaw Shelter nor Bottom or Depth at the Reer of the Trenches to cover the Horse-guard there are Earthen works called Espaulments cast up which must be Cannon proof behind which they place themselves So soon as day breaks the Lieutenant General causes all the men draw back within the lines of approaches called the Boyau where every one betakes himself to his Post that they may incessantly fire against the place whilest the Pieces of Battery do all they can to dismount the Enemies Guns and spoil their works All the Guards of the Trenches are relieved at the end of twenty four hours at the same hour that they were mounted and the Regiments that enter the Guard should continue the works as far as the Palissadoe They who come after Attack the Chemin couvert the Covered way they drive the Enemies from thence with Granadoes whilest others pluck up the Palissadoes and make there a lodging with Gabions Faggots and Sacks full of earth into which a Captain and Musketeers are placed for its preservation If the Ditches be full of water they are filled with Faggots stuffed with Stones When the half-moon which is to be carried is invested they blow it up with Mines and having driven the Enemies from thence they lodge themselves on it From thence they make a Gallery into the Ditch which joynes to the Bastion whereto the Miner is to be set whilest â—â— the mean time the Batteries are adâ—anced as far as the Covered way If â—he Gallery were in a dry Ditch the â—ieutenant General should not omit to â—ake Provision of several Hogsheads â—f water which is made use of to â—uench the Artificial fires that the Beâ—eged might throw from the Rampart â—pon the Gallery the Miner being â—odged at the foot of the Bastion he â—akes a Mine there and Charges it And when every thing is ready to give the Assault the General causes â—he Besieged to be summoned to renâ—er before the Mine play promising â—hem all good conditions if they had â—ather Surrender than abide the Asâ—ault Hostages are sent from either â—ide whilest the Capitulation is frameâ—ng which is no sooner Signed but â—hat the General Commands the two first Regiments of Foot with a Lieuâ—enant General to go take possession of the Place and establish Courts of Guard wheresoever there is need If the Capitulation bear that the Forces that were in Garrison should be Pâ—â—soners of War they are disarme and shut up in some convenient placâ— to which a strong Guard is put Bâ—â— if it be agreed upon by the Treatâ— that they shall march out with Bâ—â— and Baggage Drums beating Coloâ—â—â— flying lighted Matches and soâ—â— pieces of Cannon the General haâ—ing put his Men in Arms comes â—â— see the Enemies Garrison march oâ—â— the Officers at the head of their Coâ—panies who ought to salute him wiâ—â— their Arms and the Governour at tâ—â— Reer of all and sends with them Guard of Horse to Convoy them â—â— the place that hath been grantâ—â— them by the Capitulation It is the right of the first Foot-Râ—giments of the Army to take possessioâ— of all Conquered places to make tâ— themselves places of Armes to Guaâ—â— the Posts of them and there to coâ—tinue until there be a Commander anâ— Garrison established therein Anâ— the Army never decamps from before them till the breaches be firsâ— repaired the Works refitted the
amongst the Masters â—e Camp and the other Officers of â—orse CHAP. IV. Of Lieutenants and Cornets THe Lieutenants ought to be as capable as the Captains because in absence of them they have the same Charge and Authority They should procure the love and fear of the Horsemen of their Troops visit them often recommend to them the care of their Horses and Arms and give the Captains an exact account of all that happens They must not be severe to the Troopers without ground that occasions running away and desertion but especially in the presence of the Captains because they have no Authority then but in their absence they are to exact punctual obedience of them and noâ— to spare those who fail in their duty and in the service of the King It is their part to observe the actions of the Quarter-Masters and Brigadeers that they may keep them to their duty and make them provide what is necessary for their Troops Their Post in a March is at the left hand of the Captains The Charge of a Cornet is a gentile and handsome employment for a young man who begins the profession of a Horse-man and desires to learn it He ought to have as great care of the Troop as the Lieutenant seeing he commands it in his absence His duty is to carry the Standard whithersoever the Troop marches or to have it carried by a stout and faithful Horseman whom he is to pay for that Office but at a Muster at the Guard or in a day of Battel he is to carry it himself and should rather be killed than forsake it because to lose it is a dishonour to himself and his Troop His place in a day of Battel is at the fifth File in the first Rank of the Squadron when the Troop files off he marches alone after the third Rank and when he carries not his Standard he takes the left hand of the Lieutenant The Cornet must know that in Detachments the Standard is never carried but only when all the Troop marches There is no talk of a Cornet in the Troops of Gendarms but of an Ensign and Guidon and every Troop carries both CHAP. V. Of Quarter-Masters and Brigadeers of the Troops of Light Horsemen THe Creation of a Quarter-Master of a Troop depending absolutely on the Captain he ought always to chuse amongst his Troopers him whom he shall judge most capable of that charge because he commits to him the care of his Troop and besides that he ought to be stout and vigilant it is necessary that he should read write and cast Accounts His duty is to keep a List of the Troopers and of their Quarters to visit often the Stables cause the Horses to be dressed in his presence examine if the Saddles and Bridles want nothing have a care that the Troopers sell not their Forage to go to the Captain 's Quarters evening and morning and especially when he pays the Troop It is his part take the care of the Arms and Ammunition set Guards at the places appointed by the Major and often to visit the Vedetes When the Troop marches his Post is at the Rear that he may hinder the Troopers from quitting their Ranks or staying behind In the Field or Garrison he receives the Provisions and Forage at the Store-houses and delivers them to the Brigadeers who divide them among the Troopers And he is to be every evening at the Circle there to receive the Order and Word from the Major which he carries to his Captain and to the officers of the Troop When there is any Detachment he commands the Troopers whose Rank is to march and conducts them himself to the place of Rendezvous A Troop of Horse is divided into three Brigades and over each the Captain places a Brigadeer to take care of them He chuses commonly for these Offices the most ancient stout and discreet men of the Troop Their duty is to give the Captain and Officers notice of all that passes amongst them and to hinder disorders and quarrels When they are upon the Guard their function is to set the Vedetes in the places appointed to them by the Major to place none there but sufficient men for otherwise they might give the Alarm often without reason instructing them in what they have to do visiting them frequently for fear they fall asleep and taking care to relieve them every hour They distribute amongst the Troopers the Provisions and Forage which they have received from the Quarter-Master And their place in a March is in the first Rank Every Troop of Horse should have a Trumpetter who is commonly quartered near the Captain or with his Equipage He takes his Orders from the Quarter-Master and sounds to Boots and Saddle to Horse and to the Standard at the hour appointed him And every evening he sounds to set the Watch so soon as the Word is given The place of the Kettle-Drums and Trumpets in a March is at the head of the Squadron six paces before the Commander In the day of Battel they are upon the Wings that they may sound the Charge or Retreat according as they are ordered by the Majors or Aid-Majors of the Regiments At the sound of Trumpet all the Troopers are to put themselves in an Equipage of War and to make haste to the Captain 's Quarters or to the Quarters of those who command their Troops CHAP. VI. Of the Colonels of Foot THe Charge of Colonel General of the French Infantry has been extinct ever since the death of the Duke of Espernon It gave an absolute power over all the Foot Justice was executed upon them every where in his name he named Officers and had a Company in every Regiment which was called the Colonels and the Commanders of Bodies had no other name but Masters de Camp but since the suppression of that charge they have left that Title which is still retained amongst the Horse and taken the name of Colonel The Charge of a Colonel requires a Person of Quality that is rich and who commands his Captains absolutely And that his Regiment may be good and well entertained he is to oblige them to take care of their Companies and to make choice of good inferior Officers His duty is to lead his Regiment whithersoever he is commanded and to march at the head of it with a Haussecol or Gorget and a Pike in hand When he is in a Battel his Post is with the Pikes three paces before the Captains He ought to see in what condition his Companies are and have them filled with good men well armed and accoutered with all that is necessary And as there is nothing that makes a Soldier so active and dexterous as exercising he should command his officers to exercise their Companies an hour every day and the Major the Regiment twice a week When the Regiment marches alone in an Enemies Country he should as much as possibly he can avoid Plains and seek out covered ways forbidding his Soldiers
of Arachon The Castle of Laictonre on the River of Gers. In Xaintonge Brouage on the Sea side The Castle of the Isle of Oleron St. Martin in the Isle of Re. In Bretagne The Citadel of Belle-Isle Blavet or Port-Lowis at the Mouth of the River of Blavet Brest a Sea Port on the Bay of Brest The Castle of Nantes on the River of Loyre In Anjou The Castle of Angiers on the River of Loire The Castle of Saumur on the Loire In Normandy The Citadel of Havre de Grace a Sea Port at the Mouth of the Seine The Fort of St. Michael in the Sea The Castle of Caen on the River of Orne The Citadel of Dieppe a Sea Port at the Mouth of the River of Eaune In Sicily The Town of Messina a Sea-Port Augusta An Explication of the terms of War CAmp volant is a little Body of an Army that keeps the Field to oppose the inrodes of Enemies incommode their Countrey hinder their Convoys and to throw themselves into the places which they have a design to Besiege Brigade is a Division of the Army Van-guard is a part of the Army that keeps in the Van when it is on a March. The main Body is the gross of the Army which marches between the Van-guard and the Rear-guard The Rear-guard is a part of the Army which marches after the main body Colonne or Pillar is the File of an Army when it Marches Lines are several Regiments ranked in Battel away The body of reserve is a part of the Army which the General Posts behind the Lines in time of Battel to succour the weakest Posts Parties are commanded out to Skirmish to oblige the Enemies Countrey to contribution make Prisoners and to learn News Convoys are Guards to conduct the necessary Ammunition of the Army Camp the place where an Army lies in the Field The Kings Quarters is the place where the General general Persons and all their Train lye Park the place where the Artillery Encamps Squadron several 〈…〉 ranked in Battalia in three Ranks Battaliou several Foot ranked in Battalia A Bâ—ttaliâ—â—â—â—â—sists of two Divisions of Musketeers and a Centre of Pikes Defile a close and narrow Passage through which the Army cannot march but by Files To File off is to march an Army by four or six a Front by a whole Body half Body or Quarter Body Division six Ranks of Soldiers when a Battalion Files off To make a halt stop at some place The great Guard is a Squadron posted half a League behind the Camp towards the Enemy to secure the Army A Court of Guard Soldiers sent out to Guard a Post-under the command of one or more Officers Sentinel a Soldier placed at some distance from the Court of Guard to hearken and give notice Vedette A Horseman sentinel To be in Faction or Duty the same thing as to be Sentinel To go the Round is to go round the Ramparts and Trenches in the Night time to hear from without and to see if the Sentinels do their duty To go the Pratrouille is to visits the Quarters and Streets in the night time to hinder disorders Evolutions Motions and Figures which a Battalion is made perform To mount the assault is to mount a Breach Scale and enter into a place with Soldiers Ambuscade a place where Soldiers lurk to surprise an Enemy in passing Detachment a certain number of Officers and Souldiers which are furnished by the several Regiments To seize the heights to get possession of commanding places To block up a place is to seize on the Avenues To make Fire is to shoot uncessantly Enfiler to draw out in length from whence cometh oâ—vrage enfile or a Work drawn out in length which lies open To lye in Bivonac is to pass the night in Arms. Fair main Bass is to put all to the Sword To Attacque on the Flank is to attacque on the sides An Explication of Peeces Names and Terms proper to the Art of Fortification PLan the representation of a Work in it's length and breadth Profil the delineation of the same Work represented in it's heights and Latitudes Redout a little Work four Faces and a single Parapet or casting up of the Earth of a Ditch round about it A Star a work with many Faces made up of parts which Flank one another To Flank is to defend on the Flank or side To be Flanked is to be defended on the side The flanking Angle is that which looks and is drawn into the Face called therefore the entering Angle The Angle Flanked is that which juts out called therefore the Salleying or pointing Angle Parapet a casting up of Earth to cover the Defender Banquette a Degree or step of Earth or Turf to shoot over the Parapet Entrenchment a place Entrenched and covered to be secured in Reduit a turning by way to catch the Enemy on the Flank or when he advances Epaulement or Shoulder work is a Face of a Wall or Earth which covers the Defendants Enceinte the Works round a place made up of Bastions and Courtins Bastion a Bulwark made in form of a jutting Angle with two faces and two Flanks furnished with a Parapet and Banquet Cavalier a place of earth raised to place the Canon upon and to command the Enemy Rideau a place fit to cover men until they approach to the foot of a place as a Hillock or little Hill Orillon a little Advance made at the point of the Shoulder of a Bastion to cover the Flank Circumvallation and Contravallation is a Composition of Redoubts little Forts and Angles with Trenches and Lines of Communication from one to another round a place that is besieged A Trench a casting up of Earth by way of Parapet with a Ditch or Foss on the side of the Enemy The In-lines the Ditch towards the place to hinder Sallies Out-lines the Ditch towards the Country to hinder relief Lines of Communication which go from one Work to another Approaches Trenches of Approach towards the place to attack it otherwise called the Boyau Gut Contre-Approaches Works of the Besieged to hinder the Besiegers Works Redent a Reduit made up of Faces and Courtins Escarpe the Foot of the Wall Contrescarpe the side of the Ditch towards the Outside The Way of Rounds upon the Wall betwixt the Rampart and Parapet Fausse braye the low Works round the place between the Rampart and the Foss or Ditch for the defence of the Foss A Traverse a casting up of earth to cover men that they may not lye open The Low Flank or Casemate a place prepared in the Flank to lodge Canon in and to defend the Foss Merlons the Parapet and Covering of the Cannon Embrazures Openings through which the Cannon fire Cuvette a little Ditch made in the middle of the great Foss Coridor the covered Way which is on the Counterscarp round the place between the Foss and the Palissade Couronnemeut or a Crown-work is a Work made beyond the Horns to gain Ground and force off the Enemies A Half Moon a Fort or Work with two faces over against the Courtins environed with Fraizes to hinder ascending or descending Palissade Stakes planted straight upright upon the Parapet of the covered Way Fraizes Stakes that stick out under the Parapet of a Work bending downwards and parallel to the Horizon A Lodging a place covered A Gallery a covered way cross the Foss The Dehors Pieces made in and beyond the Foss Gabions great Baskets full of Earth to cover and secure Men with Mantelets a Portable Covering to make Approaches with Embarras Horse of Frize a piece of Wood stuck full of Stakes A Mine Fourneau Fougade to blow up Works Citadel a strong Castle to keep a Town in awe which hath its Gate on the side of the place and another to the out side called the Gate of Relief Donjon a place of Retreat in a Town or Place to capitulate in with greater security in case of Extremity page 116. 2. d part The Explication of the present Figures A Prosil of Fortification A The Rampart B the Banquet C the Parapet of the Rampart with its Talus or sloping part D the Fausse-braye at the bottom of the Courtin which de-fends the Foss E the Escarpe F the Foss G the Counterscarp H the covered Way I the Parapet of the covered way and the Glacis A Bastion A A the Angle of the Bastion and its faces B B the Flanks C the neck of the Bastion D D the end of the Courtins E the Foss F the covered Way A Half Moon A A The Point of the Half Moon and the face B the Neck C. the Foss of the Half Moon the half or third part as broad as the great Foss of the place D the Contrescarp E the Angle of the Contrescarpe FINIS THe so well entertained Work The new World of Words or a General English Dictionary containing the proper Significations and Etymologies of all Words derived from other Languages viz. Hebrew Arabick Syriack Greek Latin Italian French Spanish British Dutch Saxon c. useful for the Adornment of our English Tongue Together with the Definitions of all those Terms that conduce to the understanding of any of the Arts or Sciences viz. Theology Philosophy Logick Rhetorick Grammar Ethicks Law Magick Physick Chyrurgery Anatomy Chymistry Botanicks Arithmetick Geometry Astronomy Astrology Chiromancy Physiognomy Navigation Fortification Dialling Surveying Musick Perspective Architecture Heraldry Horse-manship Hawking Hunting Fishing c. To which are added The Significations of Proper Names in Mythology or Poetical Fictions and Historical Relations with the Geographical Descriptions of the chief Countries and Cities in the World especially of these three Nations wherein their chiefest Antiquities Battels and other most memorable Passages are mentioned as also all other Subjects that are useful and appertain to advance our English Language A Work very necessary for Strangers as well as our own Country-men or for all Persons that would rightly understand what they discourse write or read Now newly Reprinted and in this fourth Edition are added above five thousand Words more than was in the former Editions Printed for Robert Hartford and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1678.