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A10148 Of the knovvledge and conducte of warres two bookes, latelye wrytten and sett foorth, profitable for suche as delight in hystoryes, or martyall affayres, and necessarye for this present tyme. T. P.; Proctor, Thomas, poet, attributed name. 1578 (1578) STC 20403; ESTC S119050 54,163 112

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a refuge by their wisedome experience vnto thē in their troubles neades Thus seeing that inuasion in sum̄ cases is tollerable yelding sufficiēt matter for noble courages to worke vpō so that prowesse shal neuer be so shut vp but it may haue a cōmendable course if theare be a regarde to the feare of God for the vertuous direction good ende theareof the warres for defēce must neades more generallie be allowed whensoeuer wronge is offered by the enemie of anie estate to the losse vexation or empayringe of the same wheareby in bodies goodes mindes possessions fraunchises lawes iurisdictions credit honour or anye thinge that is of profit or contentation vnto thē they be anoyed or hurte the resistinge encountring wheare of is iust honourable necessarye The aūcient warres of Troye Thebes arose vpon great wronges offered the first of them in the time that K. Dauid raygned the other not longe after The Grekes maintained continuall warres for their libertie to preserue their publique states vnder elected gouernours especially to auoyde subiection to anie foreine nation which they esteamed barbarous and rascall in respect of them selues The Scythiens hauinge no riche or delycate possessions of pleasant or frutefull fieldes no substaunce or store of goodes to loose yet they fought fiercelie to defende the tombes of their aūcestours whereof they had their greatest care frō iniuries of the enemie defacing And generallie nature hath geuē to liuinge thinges a desire of defēce resistinge of wronges wherefore that force is better to be allowed of thē inuasion Iudas Machabeus saide to the Israelites let vs fight for our liues our lawes And thus to cut of our course in to the antiquitie of warres seing that it is not my purpose nowe to wryte thereof yet supposinge thus muche not to be impertinent vnto hym that woulde bee a trauayler in the knoweledge and affaires of warres we conclude by plentiful proofe out of the store of histories accordinge to our propositiō That warres iustlie made for the more parte growe to good effecte and the violent empyre lasteth not longe Battail attēpted for pompe or ambitious desire of dominion not regardinge right or wōge seldome hath good successe or els the frutes had thereby soone fade suche victories take no roote But yet it remayneth to aunswere one obiection that seemeth to ouerthrowe and quyte condempne all our warres whiche is that our Lorde Iesus hath sayde that he which striketh with the swerde shall perishe with the same which is to be vnderstoode eyther of wrōgfull striking ' or else betwene pryuate persons which haue the sworde of the prince defēce of the lawe to remedie their wronges Also where it is cōmaūded that he which is strykē on the one eare should turne the other toreceaue the like it is expoūded whereas the exāple of such singuler pacience maye greatlie auaile to make such insolēt oultrage the more odious detestable that there is a law to punish the same otherwise warres armes maye be vsed for maintenance defence of vertue ryght great good grow therof For in the x of the Actes of the Apostles we reade that the cōuersation order of life of the captaine Cornelius was verie well pleasinge acceptable vnto God and in the tenth of saint Mathaew our sauiour saieth I came not to sēd peace into the earth but a swerde which proueth that the same maye be vsed according to the good pleasure of God thus if we serch his will we shall finde it and knowe howe to obserue keepe it ¶ Of vyctories which is the best and what truce maye be honourablye made Cap. ix THat victorie is most to be preferred which maye be soonest compassed obtained with least expence inconuenience losse especiallie of men wherein it is to be cōsidered that the same is made more honourable of greater importāce fame if periurie cruel murthers infamous treasōs poysoninge of victualls or such odious extremities be not vsed therein Fabius had excellent regarde of honour in his conquest when besieginge a citie of the Faliscyens a schoolemaster which had the chiefest mens sonnes of the towne in gouenrmēt teaching trayned them forth on a time apte for his purpose for hope of rewarde brought them into the enemies handes to the ende that thereby their fathers frendes shoulde be fayne to render the towne But Fabius rewarding him not iumpe accordinge to his expectation but duelie for hys desertes he caused the boyes to scurge their schole mayster well with roddes for betrayinge the trust of their parentes and so sent them home together singinge vnto the citizens which hauinge his noble vertue in highe admiration forthwith rendred vnto him the towne Dauid sought not by murder to wrest the kingdome out of the hādes of Saul but punished him which had laide hādes vpon his Lorde anoynted elected of god Caesar procured not Pompeye to be slayne but wept when hee sawe his enemies head Alexander pursued Bessus to reuenge the trayterous murther by him cōmytted vpon his enemie kinge Darius The Romaines generallie had regarde to conquere by valure prowesse wherefore they grewe most great in Em pire were had in honour awe of all nations The Carthagynoys contrarywyse not carynge howe so they had victorie vsinge foule practises infidelitie and all bad shiftes to attaine the same shortlie lost all So that the vertue and honourable dealinge of the generall shall alwaies auayle muche to the prosperous proceadinge of his warres and more easye accomplyshynge of victorye Hee oughte to bee as a tutor or rather as a father tender and carefull ouer the souldiours committed vnto his guyde good order diligent prouidence The excellent captaines of Roome desired rather to saue one citizē in battail thē to destroye manie enemies Crueltie is to be eschued excepte when seueritie sharpelie shewed maye geue great example But where lenitie and prudent meanes maye expresse worke th effecte of rigour euen towardes enemies the same is to be vsed that they seeinge the excellent vertue wisedome and order of gouernment in the conquerour maye the rather bee allured to commit them selues vnto him when by suffringe exchaunge of a ruler thestate of their welfare shall not be ouerthrowen or vndone nor slauerie or vile seruitude more odious then death is not sett before them most obstinatelie desperatelie to bee encountred Nowe touchinge occasiōs of truce intermission of warres it is to be cōsidered that the same be made done without dishonour so that the warres thereby be come not frutelesse or the armie in worse case then before as if the enemie craue that for feare which shall like auaile him and muche encourage the other partie But pollicye willeth not to seeke truce or delaye but by constrainte of necessitie or for sum̄ auantage to be taken as sum̄ ayde looked for or in the meanetime to growe into the secrets of the
enemie to sifte his purposes by conference had with him to vndermine his doings if he be not very well aduised to serch the state of his force gouernmēt And withal the good captaine must be vigilāt close in his owne affaires Thus shal not the time be detracted the armie with great charges maintayned without good purpose or profit ¶ Of the vse and ende of VVarres and of preparation therefore in time of peace Cap. 10 NOw is it to be determined that the vse of warres ought to be applyed for the defence of right to shyelde from iniuries to plant settle a cōmodious state of life this vse respecteth hath regarde vnto a further effecte to growe thereof which is the verie finall ende of warres that after valiaūt victorie or reuenge had of the enemie peace may follow and be maintained with honour free frō violēce hostile oppression So that other natiōs seing the discipline martial prowesse of an estate so wel appointed defēded may feare to offer thē iniuries gladlye desire to haue league fauour there whē things in this good stay sauflie are cōfourmed established thē shall learning trades florishe craftes men in cūning encrease Gouldē quiet shal plante good order to foster frugality bringe foorth the fruites of plenty where by the lād wel peopled good gouernmēt shal spred the happie state of a prosperous cōmen weale ouer al. Good excercises shal be honourablie frequēted vertue with all desire cōtention endeuoured in which excellent course of life we shal finde our selues most happie doe our Lord God best seruice so that our felicitie may hereafter endure for euer One thinge more I would saye so cōclude that is for the prouision of all thinges neadeful in time of peace for the mayntenance of warres for peace is the nourice of store encrease of thinges in which time if by good prouidence respecte be not had to haue readie furniture of armour weapons money munition menne prepared bothe in mindes by excercise trayned for this seruice it will cause fainte warres the affaires whereof being premeditate before hande proceade the better withe out stickinge or straungenesse as the iourneye where the waye is plaine and well knowen The time of warres is troublesome to take counsaile in and more vnfitte for exactions but most of all it is vnmete then to take order and to haue thinges to seke when they shoulde bee occupied Also this preparation furniture for the warres woulde bee had of euerie priuate manne accordinge to his abilitie as well as in comen stores of corporations and companies And suche person as is of wealthe and lesse able by his persone or good counsaile for the seruice and defence of his Countrey oughte to extende his good will and forwardnes the further for good purueyance to arme and furnishe others theareunto For he that is so sotted in simplicitye and drowned in basenes of minde that hopinge still vpon peace will neuer aduaunce his consideration or care for defence in time of warres but employe all his endeuour vnto his owne priuate gaine or pleasure and not laye out anye money for the behoufe of the comen state is like by his policye to saue a fether lose the birde while hee snatched at a shadowe he loseth the substaunce And the example of such grosse carelesse securitie is verye pernicious vnto a comon weale for diuers of them which haue the wealthe of the Realme beinge slacke negligent in this point it is not a feawe of the other though they weare neuer so careful or wel disposed appointed to serue that can sustaine the brunte of warres the poore man can little auayle hearein being thoroughe wante of abilitie naked both of armour experience hauing no spare time for the excercise of armes whē all his endeuour emploied to purueye for his necessarie lyuinge can skantlie suffice theareunto but his trust is that thoroughe the circumspecte prouidence of them which haue whearewithall to doe good hearein hee shall enioye his pouertye saufe from captiuitye So if the other bee vnfurnished at the time of neade what doth he but bringe ruyne vpon him selfe and hys deare Countrey Is it not the wished wellfare and a right happye state wheare euerye man may enioye his owne quyetlie vnder their naturall and gratious Prince moste carefull and tender ouer the Countreye and people vsynge suche lawes as the wyse menne of the Realme can best deuyse and finde oute to bee moste profitable for all sortes of menne And an horrible miserye more odyous then anye deathe to haue oure Lawes lyues goodes and what soeuer is deare vnto vs at the lyst and vnder the contempte and rule of the insolent and cruell enemye to bee spoyled by force pylled by exactyons and trybutes to liue laden with seruitude villanyes If we will haue these auoyded then must theare be defence prepared for the good prosperous estate Els is the same by peace enriched vnto spoile and fatted fitt for the tothe of the enemie For yet neuer was theare great famous estate whearein armes and lawes ciuill gouernement and martiall prowesse florished not together And now for suche as shall serue in the warres that they might liue honestlie and ciuillye after the same ended whereby they should lesse feare to put them selues forth in daūgers if there weare in euery shire of this realme a house ordayned for maymed souldiours men worne in the warres withe suche prouision that they might be able to lyue theare not idlelye as lasye lorells haue done heretofore vnder cloke of religion but orderlie duelye to serue God at certaine feastes times conuenient to be leaders vnto the countrey men in the orders arraye of warre and teachers to the ignorant in the best vse of martiall weapons practises This I suppose should be well pleasinge vnto almightie GOD also right honourable profitable vnto the Realme FINIS ¶ Tout poiar louange a Dieu Amen Practise skyll Dido obtay ned somuch grounde to buylde the Citie vpon as might be compassed vvith an oxes hyde and that she cut in thonges Henrye the fifthe G. Scanderbeg Baiazet The arte of Nobilitie The diffinition of an armie Ninus Sardanapal ▪ Milciades Darius Xerxes Mardonius Cymon of Lacedaemon Alcibiades Mindaerus Pharnaebazus Leonidas with 4000. as some write Celtae Brēniꝰ Belinus English men sonnes of Donwallo a Saxon King. Furius Camillus Martius Coriolanus Hanniball Fabius Scipio Alexander Paulus Emelius Perseus For this purpose great Alexander caried Homer alwaies in his pocket Heroicum of most high noblesse or valure Pius in deum in homines VVhen martiall lawe is to be vsed and how Exod. 18. Iethro gaue counsaile vnto Moyses to make the like distribution and cōmission of the comen affaires vnto other that being eased of a great part of that burden he might better attend to the more waightie causes Ambition disturbeth wel ordered states Enuious and peruerse men of disposition VVyse Ianus is paynted with two faces one loking towardes things past the other to that which is to come Causes of affection and fryndship Arist. polit 3. He loseth the name of a good Citizen which preferreth priuat profit before the commen weale Deutero 20. Effeminatenes is contrarye to force manlynesse Moderate dyet One trayned souldiour worth ten untrayned Vegetius sayth that Gentlemen to whom the profession of armes is proper as their arte ought from their cradel to their graue to be practised thearein Plaut Feliciter is sapit qui alieno periculo sapit Samuel ca. 13 The Isralites for want of weapons vsed their matocks cowlters See also Deut. 20. 24. Formio a philosopher Leonidas and the armye of Xerxes Plutarch in vita Hannibalis Carts hooked Horsemen Stakes Tu ne cede malis sed cōtra audentior esto Virg. Martius against the Dutchmen Flaminiꝰ against Phillip kinge of Macedon conueyed a troupe vp a hill to come downe vpon the enemy at their backes while they were in fight belowe It is written that Hanniball shoulde vse the same speache to kinge Antiochus leadinge his galant armye against the Romaines See Deut. 20. Iosua King Saul Sampson Iudas Mach. Gedeon Iehu Titus sonne of themperour Vespatien Cain Iaball Thubalcain Semin Asia Cam in Afrique Iaphet in Europe Thuball Nimrod Assur Sardanapalꝰ Arbactꝰ Abraham Ninus Mars Hercules Romulus Belus Phoroneus Ianus Licurgus Minerua Cecrops Cadmus Plato Magistratus excellens Pastor populi Math. 26. Act. Apost 10. Mathaew 10. Bellum gloriosum Paci turpi antefevendum Plato Optimè tum ciuitates instituuntur cum singuli suis operibus incumbunt Plaut Libertatem nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit A happye cōmen weale wheare good lawes and armes are duelye vsed Iustice and chiualrye maintained